doc/sum.html

   1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd">
   2 <HTML>
   3 <HEAD>
   4 <TITLE>CUPS Software Users Manual</TITLE>
   5 <META NAME="author" CONTENT="Easy Software Products">
   6 <META NAME="copyright" CONTENT="Copyright 1997-2001, All Rights Reserved">
   7 <META NAME="docnumber" CONTENT="CUPS-SUM-1.1.12">
   8 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; CHARSET=iso-8859-1">
   9 <STYLE TYPE="text/css"><!--
  10 BODY { font-family: serif }
  11 H1 { font-family: sans-serif }
  12 H2 { font-family: sans-serif }
  13 H3 { font-family: sans-serif }
  14 H4 { font-family: sans-serif }
  15 H5 { font-family: sans-serif }
  16 H6 { font-family: sans-serif }
  17 SUB { font-size: smaller }
  18 SUP { font-size: smaller }
  19 PRE { font-family: monospace }
  20 --></STYLE>
  21 </HEAD>
  22 <BODY BGCOLOR="#ffffff">
  23 <CENTER><A HREF="#CONTENTS"><IMG SRC="images/cups-large.gif" BORDER="0" WIDTH="431" HEIGHT="511"><BR>
  24 <H1>CUPS Software Users Manual</H1></A><BR>
  25 CUPS-SUM-1.1.12<BR>
  26 Easy Software Products<BR>
  27 Copyright 1997-2001, All Rights Reserved<BR>
  28 </CENTER>
  29 <HR>
  30 <H1 ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="CONTENTS">Table of Contents</A></H1>
  31 <BR>
  32 <BR><B><A HREF="#1">Preface</A></B>
  33 <UL>
  34 <LI><A HREF="#1_1">System Overview</A></LI>
  35 <LI><A HREF="#1_2">Document Overview</A></LI>
  36 <LI><A HREF="#1_3">Notation Conventions</A></LI>
  37 <LI><A HREF="#1_4">Abbreviations</A></LI>
  38 <LI><A HREF="#1_5">Other References</A></LI>
  39 </UL>
  40 <B><A HREF="#OVERVIEW">1 - Printing System Overview</A></B>
  41 <UL>
  42 <LI><A HREF="#2_1">The Printing Problem</A></LI>
  43 <LI><A HREF="#2_2">The Technology</A></LI>
  44 <LI><A HREF="#2_3">Jobs</A></LI>
  45 <LI><A HREF="#2_4">Classes</A></LI>
  46 <LI><A HREF="#2_5">Filters</A></LI>
  47 <LI><A HREF="#2_6">Backends</A></LI>
  48 <LI><A HREF="#2_7">Printer Drivers</A></LI>
  49 <LI><A HREF="#2_8">Networking</A></LI>
  50 </UL>
  51 <B><A HREF="#USING_SYSTEM">2 - Using the Printing System</A></B>
  52 <UL>
  53 <LI><A HREF="#3_1">Submitting Files for Printing</A></LI>
  54 <LI><A HREF="#3_2">Choosing a Printer</A></LI>
  55 <LI><A HREF="#3_3">Setting Printer Options</A></LI>
  56 <LI><A HREF="#3_4">Printing Multiple Copies</A></LI>
  57 <LI><A HREF="#3_5">Checking the Printer Status from the Command-Line</A></LI>
  58 <LI><A HREF="#3_6">Checking the Printer Status from the Web</A></LI>
  59 <LI><A HREF="#3_7">Canceling a Print Job</A></LI>
  60 </UL>
  61 <B><A HREF="#STANDARD_OPTIONS">3 - Standard Printer Options</A></B>
  62 <UL>
  63 <LI><A HREF="#4_1">General Options</A></LI>
  64 <UL>
  65 <LI><A HREF="#4_1_1">Setting the Orientation</A></LI>
  66 <LI><A HREF="#4_1_2">Selecting the Media Size, Type, and Source</A></LI>
  67 <LI><A HREF="#4_1_3">Printing On Both Sides of the Paper</A></LI>
  68 </UL>
  69 <LI><A HREF="#4_2">Banner Options</A></LI>
  70 <UL>
  71 <LI><A HREF="#4_2_1">Selecting the Banner Page(s)</A></LI>
  72 </UL>
  73 <LI><A HREF="#4_3">Document Options</A></LI>
  74 <UL>
  75 <LI><A HREF="#4_3_1">Selecting a Range of Pages</A></LI>
  76 <LI><A HREF="#4_3_2">Selecting Even or Odd Pages</A></LI>
  77 <LI><A HREF="#4_3_3">N-Up Printing</A></LI>
  78 <LI><A HREF="#4_3_4">Setting the Brightness</A></LI>
  79 <LI><A HREF="#4_3_5">Setting the Gamma Correction</A></LI>
  80 </UL>
  81 <LI><A HREF="#4_4">Text Options</A></LI>
  82 <UL>
  83 <LI><A HREF="#4_4_1">Setting the Number of Characters Per Inch</A></LI>
  84 <LI><A HREF="#4_4_2">Setting the Number of Lines Per Inch</A></LI>
  85 <LI><A HREF="#4_4_3">Setting the Number of Columns</A></LI>
  86 <LI><A HREF="#4_4_4">Setting the Page Margins</A></LI>
  87 <LI><A HREF="#4_4_5">Pretty Printing</A></LI>
  88 </UL>
  89 <LI><A HREF="#4_5">Image Options</A></LI>
  90 <UL>
  91 <LI><A HREF="#4_5_1">Positioning the Image</A></LI>
  92 <LI><A HREF="#4_5_2">Scaling the Image</A></LI>
  93 <LI><A HREF="#4_5_3">Adjusting the Hue (Tint) of an Image</A></LI>
  94 <LI><A HREF="#4_5_4">Adjusting the Saturation (Color) of an Image</A></LI>
  95 </UL>
  96 <LI><A HREF="#4_6">HP-GL/2 Options</A></LI>
  97 <UL>
  98 <LI><A HREF="#4_6_1">Printing in Black</A></LI>
  99 <LI><A HREF="#4_6_2">Fitting the Plot on the Page</A></LI>
 100 <LI><A HREF="#4_6_3">Setting the Default Pen Width</A></LI>
 101 </UL>
 102 <LI><A HREF="#4_7">Raw or Unfiltered Output</A></LI>
 103 </UL>
 104 <B><A HREF="#SAVING_OPTIONS">4 - Saving Printer Options and Defaults</A></B>
 105 <UL>
 106 <LI><A HREF="#5_1">Printer Options</A></LI>
 107 <LI><A HREF="#5_2">Setting Options for a Specific Printer</A></LI>
 108 <LI><A HREF="#5_3">Viewing the Current Defaults</A></LI>
 109 <LI><A HREF="#5_4">Setting the Default Printer</A></LI>
 110 <LI><A HREF="#5_5">Printer Instances</A></LI>
 111 <LI><A HREF="#5_6">Removing Instances</A></LI>
 112 </UL>
 113 <B><A HREF="#LICENSE">A - Software License Agreement</A></B>
 114 <UL>
 115 <LI><A HREF="#6_1">Common UNIX Printing System License Agreement</A></LI>
 116 <UL>
 117 <LI><A HREF="#6_1_1">Introduction</A></LI>
 118 <LI><A HREF="#6_1_2">Trademarks</A></LI>
 119 <LI><A HREF="#6_1_3">Binary Distribution Rights</A></LI>
 120 <LI><A HREF="#6_1_4">Support</A></LI>
 121 </UL>
 122 <LI><A HREF="#6_2">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</A></LI>
 123 <LI><A HREF="#6_3">GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</A></LI>
 124 </UL>
 125 <HR>
 126 <H1 ALIGN="RIGHT"><A NAME="1">Preface</A></H1>
 127 <P>This software users manual describes how to use the Common UNIX
 128  Printing System<SUP>TM</SUP> (&quot;CUPS<SUP>TM</SUP>&quot;) Version 1.1.12.</P>
 129 <H2><A NAME="1_1">System Overview</A></H2>
 130 <P>CUPS provides a portable printing layer for UNIX&reg;-based operating
 131  systems. It has been developed by<A HREF="http://www.easysw.com"> Easy
 132  Software Products</A> to promote a standard printing solution for all
 133  UNIX vendors and users. CUPS provides the System V and Berkeley
 134  command-line interfaces.</P>
 135 <P>CUPS uses the Internet Printing Protocol (&quot;IPP&quot;) as the basis for
 136  managing print jobs and queues. The Line Printer Daemon (&quot;LPD&quot;) Server
 137  Message Block (&quot;SMB&quot;), and AppSocket (a.k.a. JetDirect) protocols are
 138  also supported with reduced functionality. CUPS adds network printer
 139  browsing and PostScript Printer Description (&quot;PPD&quot;) based printing
 140  options to support real-world printing under UNIX.</P>
 141 <P>CUPS also includes a customized version of GNU Ghostscript (currently
 142  based off GNU Ghostscript 5.50) and an image file RIP that are used to
 143  support non-PostScript printers. Sample drivers for HP and EPSON
 144  printers are included that use these filters.</P>
 145
 146 <!-- NEED 2in -->
 147 <H2><A NAME="1_2">Document Overview</A></H2>
 148 <P>This software users manual is organized into the following sections:</P>
 149 <UL>
 150 <LI><A HREF="#OVERVIEW">1 - Printing System Overview</A></LI>
 151 <LI><A HREF="#USING_SYSTEM">2 - Using the Printing System</A></LI>
 152 <LI><A HREF="#STANDARD_OPTIONS">3 - Standard Printer Options</A></LI>
 153 <LI><A HREF="#SAVING_OPTIONS">4 - Saving Printer Options and Defaults</A>
 154 </LI>
 155 <LI><A HREF="#LICENSE">A - Software License Agreement</A></LI>
 156 </UL>
 157 <H2><A NAME="1_3">Notation Conventions</A></H2>
 158 <P>Various font and syntax conventions are used in this guide. Examples
 159  and their meanings and uses are explained below:
 160 <CENTER>
 161 <TABLE WIDTH="80%">
 162 <TR><TH>Example</TH><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TH>Description</TH></TR>
 163 <TR><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
 164 <TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD><CODE>lpstat</CODE>
 165 <BR> <CODE>lpstat(1)</CODE></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD>The names of commands;
 166  the first mention of a command or function in a chapter is followed by
 167  a manual page section number.</TD></TR>
 168 <TR><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
 169 <TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD><VAR>/var</VAR>
 170 <BR><VAR> /usr/share/cups/data/testprint.ps</VAR></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD>
 171 File and directory names.</TD></TR>
 172 <TR><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
 173 <TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD NOWRAP><TT>Request ID is Printer-123</TT></TD><TD>
 174 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD>Screen output.</TD></TR>
 175 <TR><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
 176 <TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD NOWRAP><KBD>lp -d printer filename ENTER</KBD></TD><TD>
 177 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD>Literal user input; special keys like <KBD>ENTER</KBD> are
 178  in ALL CAPS.</TD></TR>
 179 <TR><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
 180 <TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD>12.3</TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD>Numbers in the text are
 181  written using the period (.) to indicate the decimal point.</TD></TR>
 182 </TABLE>
 183 </CENTER>
 184
 185 <!-- NEED 3in -->
 186 </P>
 187 <H2><A NAME="1_4">Abbreviations</A></H2>
 188  The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual:
 189 <UL>
 190 <DL>
 191 <DT>kb</DT>
 192 <DD>Kilobytes, or 1024 bytes
 193 <BR>&nbsp;</DD>
 194 <DT>Mb</DT>
 195 <DD>Megabytes, or 1048576 bytes
 196 <BR>&nbsp;</DD>
 197 <DT>Gb</DT>
 198 <DD>Gigabytes, or 1073741824 bytes
 199 <BR>&nbsp;</DD>
 200 </DL>
 201 </UL>
 202 <H2><A NAME="1_5">Other References</A></H2>
 203 <UL>
 204 <DL>
 205 <DT>CUPS Software Administrators Manual</DT>
 206 <DD>An administration guide for the CUPS software.
 207 <BR>&nbsp;</DD>
 208 <DT>CUPS Software Programmers Manual</DT>
 209 <DD>A programmer guide for interfacing with and/or extending the CUPS
 210  software.
 211 <BR>&nbsp;</DD>
 212 </DL>
 213 </UL>
 214 <H1 ALIGN="RIGHT"><A NAME="OVERVIEW">1 - Printing System Overview</A></H1>
 215 <P>This chapter provides an overview of how the Common UNIX Printing
 216  System works.</P>
 217 <H2><A NAME="2_1">The Printing Problem</A></H2>
 218 <P>For years<I> the printing problem</I> has plagued UNIX. Unlike
 219  Microsoft&reg; Windows&reg; or Mac OS, UNIX has no standard interface or system
 220  in place for supporting printers. Among the solutions currently
 221  available, the Berkeley and System V printing systems are the most
 222  prevalent.</P>
 223 <P>These printing systems support line printers (text only) or
 224  PostScript printers (text and graphics), and with some coaxing they can
 225  be made to support a full range of printers and file formats. However,
 226  because each varient of the UNIX operating system uses a different
 227  printing system than the next developing printer drivers for a wide
 228  range of printers and operating systems is extremely difficult. That
 229  combined with the limited volume of customers for each UNIX varient has
 230  forced most printer vendors to give up supporting UNIX entirely.</P>
 231 <P>CUPS is designed to eliminate<I> the printing problem</I>. One common
 232  printing system can be used by all UNIX varients to support the
 233  printing needs of users. Printer vendors can use its modular filter
 234  interface to develop a single driver program that supports a wide range
 235  of file formats with little or no effort. Since CUPS provides both the
 236  System V and Berkeley printing commands, users (and applications) can
 237  reap the benefits of this new technology with no changes.</P>
 238 <H2><A NAME="2_2">The Technology</A></H2>
 239 <P>CUPS is based upon an emerging Internet standard called the Internet
 240  Printing Protocol. IPP has been embraced by dozens of printer and
 241  printer server manufacturers and is supported by Microsoft Windows
 242  2000.</P>
 243 <P>IPP defines a standard protocol for printing as well as managing
 244  print jobs and printer options like media size, resolution, and so
 245  forth. Like all IP-based protocols, IPP can be used locally or over the
 246  Internet to printers hundreds or thousands of miles away. Unlike other
 247  protocols, however, IPP also supports access control, authentication,
 248  and encryption, making it a much more capable and secure printing
 249  solution than older ones.</P>
 250 <P>IPP is layered on top of the Hyper-Text Transport Protocol (&quot;HTTP&quot;)
 251  which is the basis of web servers on the Internet. This allows users to
 252  view documentation, check status information on a printer or server,
 253  and manage their printers, classes, and jobs using their web browser.</P>
 254 <P>CUPS provides a complete IPP/1.1 based printing system that provides
 255  Basic, Digest, and local certificate authentication and user, domain,
 256  or IP-based access control. TLS encryption will be available in future
 257  versions of CUPS.</P>
 258 <H2><A NAME="2_3">Jobs</A></H2>
 259 <P>Each file or set of files that is submitted for printing is called a<I>
 260  job</I>. Jobs are identified by a unique number starting at 1 and are
 261  assigned to a particular destination, usually a printer. Jobs can also
 262  have options associated with them such as media size, number of copies,
 263  and priority.</P>
 264 <H2><A NAME="2_4">Classes</A></H2>
 265 <P>CUPS supports collections of printers known as<I> classes</I>. Jobs
 266  sent to a class are forwarded to the first available printer in the
 267  class.</P>
 268 <H2><A NAME="2_5">Filters</A></H2>
 269 <P>Filters allow a user or application to print many types of files
 270  without extra effort. Print jobs sent to a CUPS server are filtered
 271  before sending them to a printer. Some filters convert job files to
 272  different formats that the printer can understand. Others perform page
 273  selection and ordering tasks.</P>
 274 <P>CUPS provides filters for printing many types of image files, HP-GL/2
 275  files, PDF files, and text files. CUPS also supplies PostScript and
 276  image file Raster Image Processor (&quot;RIP&quot;) filters that convert
 277  PostScript or image files into bitmaps that can be sent to a raster
 278  printer.</P>
 279 <H2><A NAME="2_6">Backends</A></H2>
 280 <P>Backends perform the most important task of all - they send the
 281  filtered print data to the printer.</P>
 282 <P>CUPS provides backends for printing over parallel, serial, and USB
 283  ports, and over the network via the IPP, JetDirect (AppSocket), and
 284  Line Printer Daemon (&quot;LPD&quot;) protocols. Additional backends are
 285  available in network service packages such as the SMB backend included
 286  with the popular SAMBA software.</P>
 287 <P>Backends are also used to determine the available devices. On startup
 288  each backend is asked for a list of devices it supports, and any
 289  information that is available. This allows the parallel backend to tell
 290  CUPS that an EPSON Stylus Color 600 printer is attached to parallel
 291  port 1, for example.</P>
 292 <H2><A NAME="2_7">Printer Drivers</A></H2>
 293 <P>Printer drivers in CUPS consist of one of more filters specific to a
 294  printer. CUPS includes sample printer drivers for Hewlett-Packard
 295  LaserJet and DeskJet printers and EPSON 9-pin, 24-pin, Stylus Color,
 296  and Stylus Photo printers. While these drivers do not generate optimal
 297  output for the different printer models, they do provide basic printing
 298  and demonstrate how you can write your own printer drivers and
 299  incorporate them into CUPS.</P>
 300 <H2><A NAME="2_8">Networking</A></H2>
 301 <P>Printers and classes on the local system are automatically shared
 302  with other systems on the network. This allows you to setup one system
 303  to print to a printer and use this system as a printer server or spool
 304  host for all of the others. Users may then select a local printer by
 305  name or a remote printer using &quot;name@server&quot;.</P>
 306 <P>CUPS also provides<I> implicit classes</I>, which are collections of
 307  printers and/or classes with the same name. This allows you to setup
 308  multiple servers pointing to the same physical network printer, for
 309  example, so that you aren't relying on a single system for printing.
 310  Because this also works with printer classes, you can setup multiple
 311  servers and printers and never worry about a single point of failure
 312  unless all of the printers and servers go down!</P>
 313 <H1 ALIGN="RIGHT"><A NAME="USING_SYSTEM">2 - Using the Printing System</A>
 314 </H1>
 315 <P>This chapter shows you how to submit, query, and cancel print jobs to
 316  different printers.</P>
 317 <H2><A NAME="3_1">Submitting Files for Printing</A></H2>
 318 <P>CUPS provides both the System V (<CODE>lp(1)</CODE>) and Berkeley (<CODE>
 319 lpr(1)</CODE>) printing commands. Type the following command to print a
 320  file to the default (or only) printer on the system:</P>
 321 <UL>
 322 <PRE>
 323 <B>lp filename ENTER</B>
 324 </PRE>
 325 </UL>
 326 <P>or:</P>
 327 <UL>
 328 <PRE>
 329 <B>lpr filename ENTER</B>
 330 </PRE>
 331 </UL>
 332 <P>CUPS understands many different types of files directly, including
 333  PostScript and image files. This allows you to print from inside your
 334  applications or at the command-line, whichever is most convenient!</P>
 335 <H2><A NAME="3_2">Choosing a Printer</A></H2>
 336 <P>Many systems will have more than one printer available to the user.
 337  These printers can be attached to the local system via a parallel,
 338  serial, or USB port, or available over the network.</P>
 339 <P>Use the <CODE>lpstat(1)</CODE> command to see a list of available
 340  printers:</P>
 341 <UL>
 342 <PRE>
 343 <B>lpstat -p -d ENTER</B>
 344 </PRE>
 345 </UL>
 346 <P>The <CODE>-p</CODE> option specifies that you want to see a list of
 347  printers, and the <CODE>-d</CODE> option reports the current system
 348  default printer or class.</P>
 349 <P>Use the <CODE>-d</CODE> option with the <CODE>lp</CODE> command to
 350  print to a specific printer:</P>
 351 <UL>
 352 <PRE>
 353 <B>lp -d printer filename ENTER</B>
 354 </PRE>
 355 </UL>
 356 <P>or the <CODE>-P</CODE> option with the <CODE>lpr</CODE> command:</P>
 357 <UL>
 358 <PRE>
 359 <B>lpr -P printer filename ENTER</B>
 360 </PRE>
 361 </UL>
 362 <H2><A NAME="3_3">Setting Printer Options</A></H2>
 363 <P>For many types of files, the default printer options may be
 364  sufficient for your needs. However, there may be times when you need to
 365  change the options for a particular file you are printing.</P>
 366 <P>The <CODE>lp</CODE> and <CODE>lpr</CODE> commands allow you to pass
 367  printer options using the <CODE>-o</CODE> option:</P>
 368 <UL>
 369 <PRE>
 370 <B>lp -o landscape -o scaling=75 -o media=A4 filename.jpg
 371 <B>lpr -o landscape -o scaling=75 -o media=A4 filename.jpg
 372 </B></B></PRE>
 373 </UL>
 374 <P>The available printer options vary depending on the printer. The
 375  standard options are described in<A HREF="#STANDARD_OPTIONS"> Chapter
 376  3, &quot;Standard Printing Options&quot;</A>.</P>
 377 <H2><A NAME="3_4">Printing Multiple Copies</A></H2>
 378 <P>Both the <CODE>lp</CODE> and <CODE>lpr</CODE> commands have options
 379  for printing more than one copy of a file:</P>
 380 <UL>
 381 <PRE>
 382 <B>lp -n <I>num-copies</I> filename ENTER</B>
 383 <B>lpr -#<I>num-copies</I> filename ENTER</B>
 384 </PRE>
 385 </UL>
 386 <P>Copies are normally<I> not</I> collated for you. Use the <CODE>-o
 387  Collate=True</CODE> option to get collated copies :</P>
 388 <UL>
 389 <PRE>
 390 <B>lp -n <I>num-copies</I> -o Collate=True filename ENTER</B>
 391 <B>lpr -#<I>num-copies</I> -o Collate=True filename ENTER</B>
 392 </PRE>
 393 </UL>
 394
 395 <!-- NEED 3in -->
 396 <H2><A NAME="3_5">Checking the Printer Status from the Command-Line</A></H2>
 397 <P>The <CODE>lpstat</CODE> command can be used to check for jobs that
 398  you have submitted for printing:</P>
 399 <UL>
 400 <PRE>
 401 <B>lpstat ENTER</B>
 402 Printer-1 johndoe 4427776
 403 Printer-2 johndoe 15786
 404 Printer-3 johndoe 372842
 405 </PRE>
 406 </UL>
 407 <P>The jobs are listed in the order they will be printed. Use the <CODE>
 408 -p</CODE> option to see which files and printers are active:</P>
 409 <UL>
 410 <PRE>
 411 <B>lpstat -p ENTER</B>
 412 printer DeskJet now printing DeskJet-1.
 413 </PRE>
 414 </UL>
 415
 416 <!-- NEED 2in -->
 417 <P>Use the <CODE>-o</CODE> and <CODE>-p</CODE> options together to show
 418  the jobs and the printers:</P>
 419 <UL>
 420 <PRE>
 421 <B>lpstat -o -p ENTER</B>
 422 Printer-1 johndoe 4427776
 423 Printer-2 johndoe 15786
 424 Printer-3 johndoe 372842
 425 printer DeskJet now printing DeskJet-1.
 426 </PRE>
 427 </UL>
 428 <H2><A NAME="3_6">Checking the Printer Status from the Web</A></H2>
 429 <P>Since CUPS uses the Internet Printing Protocol, it is also a
 430  fully-functional web server. To use your web browser to monitor the
 431  printers on your system, open the URL:</P>
 432 <UL>
 433 <PRE>
 434 <A HREF="http://localhost:631">http://localhost:631</A>
 435 </PRE>
 436 </UL>
 437 <P>From there you can view the status of classes, jobs, and printers
 438  with the click of a button!</P>
 439 <H2><A NAME="3_7">Canceling a Print Job</A></H2>
 440 <P>The <CODE>cancel(1)</CODE> and <CODE>lprm(1)</CODE> commands cancel a
 441  print job:</P>
 442 <UL>
 443 <PRE>
 444 <B>cancel <I>job-id</I> ENTER</B>
 445 <B>lprm <I>job-id</I> ENTER</B>
 446 </PRE>
 447 </UL>
 448 <P>The <CODE>job-id</CODE> is the number that was reported to you by the
 449  <CODE>lp</CODE> or <CODE>lpstat</CODE> commands.</P>
 450 <H1 ALIGN="RIGHT"><A NAME="STANDARD_OPTIONS">3 - Standard Printer
 451  Options</A></H1>
 452 <P>This chapter describes the standard printer options that are
 453  available when printing with the <CODE>lp</CODE> and <CODE>lpr</CODE>
 454  commands.</P>
 455 <H2><A NAME="4_1">General Options</A></H2>
 456 <P>The following options apply when printing all types of files.</P>
 457 <H3><A NAME="4_1_1">Setting the Orientation</A></H3>
 458 <P>The <CODE>-o landscape</CODE> option will rotate the page 90 degrees
 459  to print in landscape orientation:</P>
 460 <UL>
 461 <PRE>
 462 <B>lp -o landscape filename ENTER</B>
 463 <B>lpr -o landscape filename ENTER</B>
 464 </PRE>
 465 </UL>
 466
 467 <!-- NEED 2in -->
 468 <H3><A NAME="4_1_2">Selecting the Media Size, Type, and Source</A></H3>
 469 <P>The <CODE>-o media=xyz</CODE> option sets the media size, type,
 470  and/or source:</P>
 471 <UL>
 472 <PRE>
 473 <B>lp -o media=Letter filename ENTER</B>
 474 <B>lp -o media=Letter,MultiPurpose filename ENTER</B>
 475 <B>lpr -o media=Letter,Transparency filename ENTER</B>
 476 <B>lpr -o media=Letter,MultiPurpose,Transparency filename ENTER</B>
 477 </PRE>
 478 </UL>
 479
 480 <!-- NEED 3in -->
 481 <P>The available media sizes, types, and sources depend on the printer,
 482  but most support the following options (case is not significant):</P>
 483 <UL>
 484 <LI><CODE>Letter</CODE> - US Letter (8.5x11 inches, or 216x279mm)</LI>
 485 <LI><CODE>Legal</CODE> - US Legal (8.5x14 inches, or 216x356mm)</LI>
 486 <LI><CODE>A4</CODE> - ISO A4 (8.27x11.69 inches, or 210x297mm)</LI>
 487 <LI><CODE>COM10</CODE> - US #10 Envelope (9.5x4.125 inches, or
 488  241x105mm)</LI>
 489 <LI><CODE>DL</CODE> - ISO DL Envelope (8.66x4.33 inches, or 220x110mm)</LI>
 490 <LI><CODE>Transparency</CODE> - Transparency media type or source</LI>
 491 <LI><CODE>Upper</CODE> - Upper paper tray</LI>
 492 <LI><CODE>Lower</CODE> - Lower paper tray</LI>
 493 <LI><CODE>MultiPurpose</CODE> - Multi-purpose paper tray</LI>
 494 <LI><CODE>LargeCapacity</CODE> - Large capacity paper tray</LI>
 495 </UL>
 496 <P>The actual options supported are defined in the printer's PPD file in
 497  the <CODE>PageSize</CODE>, <CODE>InputSlot</CODE>, and <CODE>MediaType</CODE>
 498  options.</P>
 499 <H3><A NAME="4_1_3">Printing On Both Sides of the Paper</A></H3>
 500 <P>The <CODE>-o sides=two-sided-short-edge</CODE> and <CODE>-o
 501  sides=two-sided-long-edge</CODE> options will enable duplexing on the
 502  printer, if the printer supports it. The <CODE>-o
 503  sides=two-sided-short-edge</CODE> option is suitable for landscape
 504  pages, while the <CODE>-o sides=two-sided-long-edge</CODE> option is
 505  suitable for portrait pages:</P>
 506 <UL>
 507 <PRE>
 508 <B>lp -o sides=two-sided-short-edge filename ENTER</B>
 509 <B>lp -o sides=two-sided-long-edge filename ENTER</B>
 510 <B>lpr -o sides=two-sided-long-edge filename ENTER</B>
 511 </PRE>
 512 </UL>
 513 <P>The default is to print single-sided:</P>
 514 <UL>
 515 <PRE>
 516 <B>lp -o sides=one-sided filename ENTER</B>
 517 <B>lpr -o sides=one-sided filename ENTER</B>
 518 </PRE>
 519 </UL>
 520 <H2><A NAME="4_2">Banner Options</A></H2>
 521 <P>The following options apply when printing all types of files.</P>
 522 <H3><A NAME="4_2_1">Selecting the Banner Page(s)</A></H3>
 523 <P>The <CODE>-o jobsheets=start,end</CODE> option sets the banner
 524  page(s) to use for a job:</P>
 525 <UL>
 526 <PRE>
 527 <B>lp -o job-sheets=none filename ENTER</B>
 528 <B>lp -o job-sheets=standard filename ENTER</B>
 529 <B>lpr -o job-sheets=classified,classified filename ENTER</B>
 530 </PRE>
 531 </UL>
 532 <P>If only one banner file is specified, it will be printed before the
 533  files in the job. If a second banner file is specified, it is printed
 534  after the files in the job.</P>
 535 <P>The available banner pages depend on the local system configuration;
 536  CUPS includes the following banner files:</P>
 537 <UL>
 538 <LI><CODE>none</CODE> - Do not produce a banner page.</LI>
 539 <LI><CODE>classified</CODE> - A banner page with a &quot;classified&quot; label at
 540  the top and bottom.</LI>
 541 <LI><CODE>confidential</CODE> - A banner page with a &quot;confidential&quot;
 542  label at the top and bottom.</LI>
 543 <LI><CODE>secret</CODE> - A banner page with a &quot;secret&quot; label at the top
 544  and bottom.</LI>
 545 <LI><CODE>standard</CODE> - A banner page with no label at the top and
 546  bottom.</LI>
 547 <LI><CODE>topsecret</CODE> - A banner page with a &quot;top secret&quot; label at
 548  the top and bottom.</LI>
 549 <LI><CODE>unclassified</CODE> - A banner page with an &quot;unclassified&quot;
 550  label at the top and bottom.</LI>
 551 </UL>
 552 <H2><A NAME="4_3">Document Options</A></H2>
 553 <P>The following options apply when printing all types of files.</P>
 554 <H3><A NAME="4_3_1">Selecting a Range of Pages</A></H3>
 555 <P>The <CODE>-o page-ranges=pages</CODE> option selects a range of pages
 556  for printing:</P>
 557 <UL>
 558 <PRE>
 559 <B>lp -o page-ranges=1 filename ENTER</B>
 560 <B>lp -o page-ranges=1-4 filename ENTER</B>
 561 <B>lp -o page-ranges=1-4,7,9-12 filename ENTER</B>
 562 <B>lpr -o page-ranges=1-4,7,9-12 filename ENTER</B>
 563 </PRE>
 564 </UL>
 565 <P>As shown above, the <CODE>pages</CODE> value can be a single page, a
 566  range of pages, or a collection of page numbers and ranges separated by
 567  commas. The pages will always be printed in ascending order, regardless
 568  of the order of the pages in the <CODE>page-ranges</CODE> option.</P>
 569 <P>The default is to print all pages.</P>
 570 <H3><A NAME="4_3_2">Selecting Even or Odd Pages</A></H3>
 571 <P>Use the <CODE>-o page-set=set</CODE> option to select the even or odd
 572  pages:</P>
 573 <UL>
 574 <PRE>
 575 <B>lp -o page-set=odd filename ENTER</B>
 576 <B>lp -o page-set=even filename ENTER</B>
 577 <B>lpr -o page-set=even filename ENTER</B>
 578 </PRE>
 579 </UL>
 580 <P>The default is to print all pages.</P>
 581 <H3><A NAME="4_3_3">N-Up Printing</A></H3>
 582 <P>The <CODE>-o number-up=value</CODE> option selects N-Up printing.
 583  N-Up printing places multiple document pages on a single printed page.
 584  CUPS supports 1-Up, 2-Up, and 4-Up formats:</P>
 585 <UL>
 586 <PRE>
 587 <B>lp -o number-up=1 filename ENTER</B>
 588 <B>lp -o number-up=2 filename ENTER</B>
 589 <B>lp -o number-up=4 filename ENTER</B>
 590 <B>lpr -o number-up=4 filename ENTER</B>
 591 </PRE>
 592 </UL>
 593 <P>The default format is 1-Up.</P>
 594 <H3><A NAME="4_3_4">Setting the Brightness</A></H3>
 595 <P>You can control the overall brightness of the printed output using
 596  the <CODE>-o brightness=percent</CODE> option:</P>
 597 <UL>
 598 <PRE>
 599 <B>lp -o brightness=120 filename ENTER</B>
 600 <B>lpr -o brightness=120 filename ENTER</B>
 601 </PRE>
 602 </UL>
 603 <P>Values greater than 100 will lighten the print, while values less
 604  than 100 will darken it.</P>
 605 <H3><A NAME="4_3_5">Setting the Gamma Correction</A></H3>
 606 <P>You can control the overall gamma correction of the printed output
 607  using the <CODE>-o gamma=value</CODE> option:</P>
 608 <UL>
 609 <PRE>
 610 <B>lp -o gamma=1700 filename ENTER</B>
 611 <B>lpr -o gamma=1700 filename ENTER</B>
 612 </PRE>
 613 </UL>
 614 <P>Values greater than 1000 will lighten the print, while values less
 615  than 1000 will darken it. The default gamma is 1000.</P>
 616 <H2><A NAME="4_4">Text Options</A></H2>
 617 <P>The following options apply when printing text files.</P>
 618 <H3><A NAME="4_4_1">Setting the Number of Characters Per Inch</A></H3>
 619 <P>The <CODE>-o cpi=value</CODE> option sets the number of characters
 620  per inch:</P>
 621 <UL>
 622 <PRE>
 623 <B>lp -o cpi=10 filename ENTER</B>
 624 <B>lp -o cpi=12 filename ENTER</B>
 625 <B>lpr -o cpi=17 filename ENTER</B>
 626 </PRE>
 627 </UL>
 628 <P>The default characters per inch is 10.</P>
 629 <H3><A NAME="4_4_2">Setting the Number of Lines Per Inch</A></H3>
 630 <P>The <CODE>-o lpi=value</CODE> option sets the number of lines per
 631  inch:</P>
 632 <UL>
 633 <PRE>
 634 <B>lp -o lpi=6 filename ENTER</B>
 635 <B>lpr -o lpi=8 filename ENTER</B>
 636 </PRE>
 637 </UL>
 638 <P>The default lines per inch is 6.</P>
 639 <H3><A NAME="4_4_3">Setting the Number of Columns</A></H3>
 640 <P>The <CODE>-o columns=value</CODE> option sets the number of text
 641  columns:</P>
 642 <UL>
 643 <PRE>
 644 <B>lp -o columns=2 filename ENTER</B>
 645 <B>lpr -o columns=3 filename ENTER</B>
 646 </PRE>
 647 </UL>
 648 <P>The default number of columns is 1.</P>
 649 <H3><A NAME="4_4_4">Setting the Page Margins</A></H3>
 650 <P>Normally the page margins are set to the hard limits of the printer.
 651  Use the <CODE>-o page-left=value</CODE>, <CODE>-o page-right=value</CODE>
 652 , <CODE>-o page-top=value</CODE>, and <CODE>-o page-bottom=value</CODE>
 653  options to adjust the page margins:</P>
 654 <UL>
 655 <PRE>
 656 <B>lp -o page-left=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 657 <B>lp -o page-right=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 658 <B>lp -o page-top=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 659 <B>lp -o page-bottom=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 660 <B>lpr -o page-bottom=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 661 </PRE>
 662 </UL>
 663 <P>The <CODE>value</CODE> argument is the margin in points; each point
 664  is 1/72 inch or 0.35mm.</P>
 665 <H3><A NAME="4_4_5">Pretty Printing</A></H3>
 666 <P>The <CODE>-o prettyprint</CODE> option puts a header at the top of
 667  each page with the page number, job title (usually the filename), and
 668  the date. Also, C and C++ keywords are highlighted, and comment lines
 669  are italicized:</P>
 670 <UL>
 671 <PRE>
 672 <B>lp -o prettyprint filename ENTER</B>
 673 <B>lpr -o prettyprint filename ENTER</B>
 674 </PRE>
 675 </UL>
 676 <H2><A NAME="4_5">Image Options</A></H2>
 677 <P>The following options apply when printing image files.</P>
 678 <H3><A NAME="4_5_1">Positioning the Image</A></H3>
 679 <P>The <CODE>-o position=name</CODE> option specifies the position of
 680  the image on the page:</P>
 681 <UL>
 682 <LI><CODE>center</CODE> - Center the image on the page (default)</LI>
 683 <LI><CODE>top</CODE> - Print the image centered at the top of the page</LI>
 684 <LI><CODE>left</CODE> - Print the image centered on the left of page</LI>
 685 <LI><CODE>right</CODE> - Print the image centered on the right of the
 686  page</LI>
 687 <LI><CODE>top-left</CODE> - Print the image at the top left corner of
 688  the page</LI>
 689 <LI><CODE>top-right</CODE> - Print the image at the top right corner of
 690  the page</LI>
 691 <LI><CODE>bottom</CODE> - Print the image centered at the bottom of the
 692  page</LI>
 693 <LI><CODE>bottom-left</CODE> - Print the image at the bottom left corner
 694  of the page</LI>
 695 <LI><CODE>bottom-right</CODE> - Print the image at the bottom right
 696  corner of the page</LI>
 697 </UL>
 698 <H3><A NAME="4_5_2">Scaling the Image</A></H3>
 699 <P>The <CODE>-o scaling=percent</CODE>, <CODE>-o ppi=value</CODE>, and <CODE>
 700 -o natural-scaling=percent</CODE> options change the size of a printed
 701  image:</P>
 702 <UL>
 703 <PRE>
 704 <B>lp -o scaling=<I>percent</I> filename ENTER</B>
 705 <B>lp -o ppi=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 706 <B>lpr -o natural-scaling=<I>percent</I> filename ENTER</B>
 707 </PRE>
 708 </UL>
 709 <P>The <CODE>scaling=percent</CODE> value is a number from 1 to 800
 710  specifying the size in relation to the page (<I>not</I> the image.) A
 711  scaling of 100 percent will fill the page as completely as the image
 712  aspect ratio allows. A scaling of 200 percent will print on up to 4
 713  pages.</P>
 714 <P>The <CODE>ppi=value</CODE> value is a number from 1 to 1200
 715  specifying the resolution of the image in pixels per inch. An image
 716  that is 3000x2400 pixels will print 10x8 inches at 300 pixels per inch,
 717  for example. If the specified resolution makes the image larger than
 718  the page, multiple pages will be printed to satisfy the request.</P>
 719 <P>The <CODE>natural-scaling=percent</CODE> value is a number from 1 to
 720  800 specifying the size in relation to the natural image size. A
 721  scaling of 100 percent will print the image at its natural size, while
 722  a scaling of 50 percent will print the image at half its natural size.
 723  If the specified scaling makes the image larger than the page, multiple
 724  pages will be printed to satisfy the request.</P>
 725 <H3><A NAME="4_5_3">Adjusting the Hue (Tint) of an Image</A></H3>
 726 <P>The <CODE>-o hue=value</CODE> option will adjust the hue of the
 727  printed image, much like the tint control on your television:</P>
 728 <UL>
 729 <PRE>
 730 <B>lp -o hue=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 731 <B>lpr -o hue=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 732 </PRE>
 733 </UL>
 734
 735 <!-- NEED 3in -->
 736 <P>The <CODE>value</CODE> argument is a number from -360 to 360 and
 737  represents the color hue rotation. The following table summarizes the
 738  change you'll see with different colors:
 739 <CENTER>
 740 <TABLE BORDER="1" WIDTH="50%">
 741 <TR><TH>Original</TH><TH>hue=-45</TH><TH>hue=45</TH></TR>
 742 <TR><TD>Red</TD><TD>Purple</TD><TD>Yellow-orange</TD></TR>
 743 <TR><TD>Green</TD><TD>Yellow-green</TD><TD>Blue-green</TD></TR>
 744 <TR><TD>Yellow</TD><TD>Orange</TD><TD>Green-yellow</TD></TR>
 745 <TR><TD>Blue</TD><TD>Sky-blue</TD><TD>Purple</TD></TR>
 746 <TR><TD>Magenta</TD><TD>Indigo</TD><TD>Crimson</TD></TR>
 747 <TR><TD>Cyan</TD><TD>Blue-green</TD><TD>Light-navy-blue</TD></TR>
 748 </TABLE>
 749 </CENTER>
 750 </P>
 751 <P>The default hue adjustment is 0.</P>
 752 <H3><A NAME="4_5_4">Adjusting the Saturation (Color) of an Image</A></H3>
 753 <P>The <CODE>-o saturation=percent</CODE> option adjusts the saturation
 754  of the colors in an image, much like the color knob on your television:</P>
 755 <UL>
 756 <PRE>
 757 <B>lp -o saturation=<I>percent</I> filename ENTER</B>
 758 <B>lpr -o saturation=<I>percent</I> filename ENTER</B>
 759 </PRE>
 760 </UL>
 761 <P>The <CODE>percent</CODE> argument specifies the color saturation from
 762  0 to 200. A color saturation of 0 produces a black-and-white print,
 763  while a value of 200 will make the colors extremely intense.</P>
 764 <P>The default saturation is 100.
 765 <!-- NEED 4in -->
 766 </P>
 767 <H2><A NAME="4_6">HP-GL/2 Options</A></H2>
 768 <P>The following options apply to HP-GL/2 files.</P>
 769 <H3><A NAME="4_6_1">Printing in Black</A></H3>
 770 <P>The <CODE>-o blackplot</CODE> option specifies that all pens should
 771  plot in black:</P>
 772 <UL>
 773 <PRE>
 774 <B>lp -o blackplot filename ENTER</B>
 775 <B>lpr -o blackplot filename ENTER</B>
 776 </PRE>
 777 </UL>
 778 <P>The default is to use the colors defined in the plot file or the
 779  standard pen colors defined in the HP-GL/2 reference manual from
 780  Hewlett Packard.</P>
 781 <H3><A NAME="4_6_2">Fitting the Plot on the Page</A></H3>
 782 <P>The <CODE>-o fitplot</CODE> option specifies that the plot should be
 783  scaled to fit on the page:</P>
 784 <UL>
 785 <PRE>
 786 <B>lp -o fitplot filename ENTER</B>
 787 <B>lpr -o fitplot filename ENTER</B>
 788 </PRE>
 789 </UL>
 790 <P>The default is to use the absolute distances specified in the plot
 791  file.
 792 <CENTER>
 793 <TABLE BGCOLOR="#cccccc" BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="80%">
 794 <TR><TD><B> NOTE:</B>
 795 <P>This feature depends upon an accurate plot size (<CODE>PS</CODE>)
 796  command in the HP-GL/2 file. If no plot size is given in the file than
 797  the HP-GL/2 filter assumes the plot is ANSI E size.</P>
 798 </TD></TR>
 799 </TABLE>
 800 </CENTER>
 801 </P>
 802 <H3><A NAME="4_6_3">Setting the Default Pen Width</A></H3>
 803 <P>The <CODE>-o penwidth=value</CODE> option specifies the default pen
 804  width for HP-GL/2 files:</P>
 805 <UL>
 806 <PRE>
 807 <B>lp -o penwidth=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 808 <B>lpr -o penwidth=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 809 </PRE>
 810 </UL>
 811 <P>The pen width <CODE>value</CODE> specifies the pen width in
 812  micrometers. The default value of 1000 produces lines that are 1
 813  millimeter in width. Specifying a pen width of 0 produces lines that
 814  are exactly 1 pixel wide.
 815 <CENTER>
 816 <TABLE BGCOLOR="#cccccc" BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="80%">
 817 <TR><TD><B> NOTE:</B>
 818 <P>This option is ignored when the pen widths are set in the plot file.</P>
 819 </TD></TR>
 820 </TABLE>
 821 </CENTER>
 822 </P>
 823 <H2><A NAME="4_7">Raw or Unfiltered Output</A></H2>
 824 <P>The <CODE>-o raw</CODE> option allows you to send files directly to a
 825  printer without filtering. This is sometimes required when printing
 826  from applications that provide their own &quot;printer drivers&quot; for your
 827  printer:</P>
 828 <UL>
 829 <PRE>
 830 <B>lp -o raw filename ENTER</B>
 831 <B>lpr -o raw filename ENTER</B>
 832 </PRE>
 833 </UL>
 834 <P>The <CODE>-l</CODE> option can also be used with the <CODE>lpr</CODE>
 835  command to send files directly to a printer:</P>
 836 <UL>
 837 <PRE>
 838 <B>lpr -l filename ENTER</B>
 839 </PRE>
 840 </UL>
 841 <H1 ALIGN="RIGHT"><A NAME="SAVING_OPTIONS">4 - Saving Printer Options
 842  and Defaults</A></H1>
 843 <P>This chapter describes how to save printer options for your printer
 844  and set your own default printer.</P>
 845 <H2><A NAME="5_1">Printer Options</A></H2>
 846 <P>Each printer supports a large number of options, which you learned
 847  about in<A HREF="#STANDARD_OPTIONS"> Chapter 3, &quot;Standard Printer
 848  Options&quot;</A>. Rather than specifying these options each time you print
 849  a file, CUPS allows you to save them as &quot;default&quot; options for the
 850  printer.</P>
 851 <P>The <CODE>lpoptions(1)</CODE> command saves the options for your
 852  printers. Like the <CODE>lp</CODE> and <CODE>lpr</CODE> commands, it
 853  accepts printer options using the <CODE>-o</CODE> argument:</P>
 854 <UL>
 855 <PRE>
 856 <B>lpoptions -o media=A4 -o sides=two-sided-long-edge ENTER</B>
 857 <B>lpoptions -o media=Legal -o scaling=100 ENTER</B>
 858 </PRE>
 859 </UL>
 860 <P>Once saved, any <CODE>lp</CODE> or <CODE>lpr</CODE> command will use
 861  them when you print.</P>
 862 <H2><A NAME="5_2">Setting Options for a Specific Printer</A></H2>
 863 <P>The previous example shows how to set the options for the default
 864  printer. The <CODE>-p printer</CODE> option specifies the options are
 865  for another printer:</P>
 866 <UL>
 867 <PRE>
 868 <B>lpoptions -p laserjet -o media=A4 -o sides=two-sided-long-edge ENTER</B>
 869 <B>lpoptions -p deskjet -o media=Legal -o scaling=100 ENTER</B>
 870 </PRE>
 871 </UL>
 872 <H2><A NAME="5_3">Viewing the Current Defaults</A></H2>
 873 <P>The <CODE>lpoptions</CODE> command can also be used to show the
 874  current options by not specifying any new options on the command-line:</P>
 875 <UL>
 876 <PRE>
 877 <B>lpoptions ENTER</B>
 878 media=A4 sides=two-sided-long-edge
 879 <B>lpoptions -p deskjet ENTER</B>
 880 media=Legal scaling=100
 881 </PRE>
 882 </UL>
 883 <H2><A NAME="5_4">Setting the Default Printer</A></H2>
 884 <P>The administrator normally will set a system-wide default printer
 885  that is normally used as the default printer by everyone. Use the <CODE>
 886 -d printer</CODE> option to set your own default printer:</P>
 887 <UL>
 888 <PRE>
 889 <B>lpoptions -d deskjet ENTER</B>
 890 </PRE>
 891 </UL>
 892 <P>The printer can be local (<CODE>deskjet</CODE>) or remote (<CODE>
 893 deskjet@server</CODE>).</P>
 894 <H2><A NAME="5_5">Printer Instances</A></H2>
 895 <P>Besides setting options for each print queue, CUPS supports<I>
 896  printer instances</I> which allow you to define several different sets
 897  of options for each printer. You specify a printer instance using the
 898  slash (<CODE>/</CODE>) character:</P>
 899 <UL>
 900 <PRE>
 901 <B>lpoptions -p laserjet/duplex -o sides=two-sided-long-edge ENTER</B>
 902 <B>lpoptions -p laserjet/legal -o media=Legal ENTER</B>
 903 </PRE>
 904 </UL>
 905 <P>The <CODE>lp</CODE> and lpr commands also understand this notation:</P>
 906 <UL>
 907 <PRE>
 908 <B>lp -d laserjet/duplex filename ENTER</B>
 909 <B>lpr -P laserjet/legal filename ENTER</B>
 910 </PRE>
 911 </UL>
 912 <H2><A NAME="5_6">Removing Instances</A></H2>
 913 <P>Use the <CODE>-x printer/instance</CODE> option to remove a printer
 914  instance that you no longer need:</P>
 915 <UL>
 916 <PRE>
 917 <B>lpoptions -x laserjet ENTER</B>
 918 <B>lpoptions -x laserjet/duplex ENTER</B>
 919 <B>lpoptions -x laserjet/legal ENTER</B>
 920 </PRE>
 921 </UL>
 922 <P>The <CODE>-x</CODE> option only removes the default options for that
 923  printer and instance; the original print queue will remain until
 924  deleted with the <CODE>lpadmin(8)</CODE> command by the administrator.</P>
 925 <H1 ALIGN="RIGHT"><A NAME="LICENSE">A - Software License Agreement</A></H1>
 926 <H2 ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="6_1">Common UNIX Printing System License
 927  Agreement</A></H2>
 928 <P ALIGN="CENTER">Copyright 1997-2001 by Easy Software Products
 929 <BR> 44141 AIRPORT VIEW DR STE 204
 930 <BR> HOLLYWOOD, MARYLAND 20636-3111 USA
 931 <BR>
 932 <BR> Voice: +1.301.373.9600
 933 <BR> Email:<A HREF="mailto:cups-info@cups.org"> cups-info@cups.org</A>
 934 <BR> WWW:<A HREF="http://www.cups.org"> http://www.cups.org</A></P>
 935 <H3><A NAME="6_1_1">Introduction</A></H3>
 936 <P>The Common UNIX Printing System<SUP>TM</SUP>, (&quot;CUPS<SUP>TM</SUP>&quot;),
 937  is provided under the GNU General Public License (&quot;GPL&quot;) and GNU
 938  Library General Public License (&quot;LGPL&quot;), Version 2. A copy of these
 939  licenses follow this introduction.</P>
 940 <P>The GNU LGPL applies to the CUPS API library, located in the &quot;cups&quot;
 941  subdirectory of the CUPS source distribution and in the
 942  &quot;/usr/include/cups&quot; directory and &quot;libcups.a&quot;, &quot;libcups.sl&quot;, or
 943  &quot;libcups.so&quot; files in the binary distributions.</P>
 944 <P>The GNU GPL applies to the remainder of the CUPS distribution,
 945  including the &quot;pstoraster&quot; filter which is based upon GNU Ghostscript
 946  5.50 and the &quot;pdftops&quot; filter which is based upon Xpdf 0.92.</P>
 947 <P>For those not familiar with the GNU GPL, the license basically allows
 948  you to:</P>
 949 <UL>
 950 <LI>Use the CUPS software at no charge.</LI>
 951 <LI>Distribute verbatim copies of the software in source or binary form.</LI>
 952 <LI>Sell verbatim copies of the software for a media fee, or sell
 953  support for the software.</LI>
 954 <LI>Distribute or sell printer drivers and filters that use CUPS so long
 955  as source code is made available under the GPL.</LI>
 956 </UL>
 957 <P>What this license<B> does not</B> allow you to do is make changes or
 958  add features to CUPS and then sell a binary distribution without source
 959  code. You must provide source for any new drivers, changes, or
 960  additions to the software, and all code must be provided under the GPL
 961  or LGPL as appropriate.</P>
 962 <P>The GNU LGPL relaxes the &quot;link-to&quot; restriction, allowing you to
 963  develop applications that use the CUPS API library under other licenses
 964  and/or conditions as appropriate for your application.</P>
 965 <H3><A NAME="6_1_2">Trademarks</A></H3>
 966 <P>Easy Software Products has trademarked the Common UNIX Printing
 967  System, CUPS, and CUPS logo. These names and logos may be used freely
 968  in any direct port or binary distribution of CUPS. To use them in
 969  derivative products, please contract Easy Software Products for written
 970  permission. Our intention is to protect the value of these trademarks
 971  and ensure that any derivative product meets the same high-quality
 972  standards as the original.</P>
 973 <H3><A NAME="6_1_3">Binary Distribution Rights</A></H3>
 974 <P>Easy Software Products also sells rights to the CUPS source code
 975  under a binary distribution license for vendors that are unable to
 976  release source code for their drivers, additions, and modifications to
 977  CUPS under the GNU GPL and LGPL. For information please contact us at
 978  the address shown above.</P>
 979 <P>The Common UNIX Printing System provides a &quot;pstoraster&quot; filter that
 980  utilizes the GNU GhostScript 5.50 core to convert PostScript files into
 981  a stream of raster images. For binary distribution licensing of this
 982  software, please contact:<BLOCKQUOTE> Miles Jones
 983 <BR> Director of Marketing
 984 <BR> Artifex Software Inc.
 985 <BR> 454 Las Gallinas Ave., Suite 108
 986 <BR> San Rafael, CA 94903 USA
 987 <BR> Voice: +1.415.492.9861
 988 <BR> Fax: +1.415.492.9862
 989 <BR> EMail:<A HREF="mailto:info@arsoft.com"> info@arsoft.com</A></BLOCKQUOTE>
 990 </P>
 991 <P>The &quot;pdftops&quot; filter is based on the Xpdf 0.92 software. For binary
 992  distribution licensing of this software, please contact:<BLOCKQUOTE>
 993  Derek B. Noonburg
 994 <BR> Email:<A HREF="mailto:derekn@foolabs.com"> derekn@foolabs.com</A>
 995 <BR> WWW:<A HREF="http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/">
 996  http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/</A></BLOCKQUOTE></P>
 997 <H3><A NAME="6_1_4">Support</A></H3>
 998 <P>Easy Software Products sells software support for CUPS as well as a
 999  commercial printing product based on CUPS called ESP Print Pro. You can
1000  find out more at our web site:</P>
1001 <UL>
1002 <PRE>
1003 <A HREF="http://www.easysw.com">http://www.easysw.com</A>
1004 </PRE>
1005 </UL>
1006
1007 <!-- NEW PAGE -->
1008 <H2><A NAME="6_2">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</A></H2>
1009 <P>Version 2, June 1991</P>
1010 <PRE>
1011 Copyright 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
1012 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
1013
1014 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim
1015 copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
1016 </PRE>
1017 <PRE>
1018
1019 </PRE>
1020 <H4>Preamble</H4>
1021 <P>The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom
1022  to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is
1023  intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
1024  software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
1025  General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
1026  Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
1027  using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
1028  the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
1029  your programs, too.</P>
1030 <P>When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
1031  price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
1032  have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
1033  this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
1034  if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in
1035  new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.</P>
1036 <P>To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
1037  anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
1038  These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
1039  distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.</P>
1040 <P>For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
1041  gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
1042  you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
1043  source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
1044  rights.</P>
1045 <P>We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software,
1046  and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to
1047  copy, distribute and/or modify the software.</P>
1048 <P>Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
1049  that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
1050  software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
1051  want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
1052  that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
1053  authors' reputations.</P>
1054 <P>Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
1055  patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
1056  program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
1057  program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
1058  patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.</P>
1059 <P>The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
1060  modification follow.</P>
1061 <H4>GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
1062 <BR> TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION</H4>
1063 <OL START="0">
1064 <LI>This License applies to any program or other work which contains a
1065  notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
1066  under the terms of this General Public License. The &quot;Program&quot;, below,
1067  refers to any such program or work, and a &quot;work based on the Program&quot;
1068  means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
1069  that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
1070  either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
1071  language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
1072  the term &quot;modification&quot;.) Each licensee is addressed as &quot;you&quot;.</LI>
1073 <P>Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
1074  covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running
1075  the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is
1076  covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program
1077  (independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that
1078  is true depends on what the Program does.</P>
1079 <LI>You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source
1080  code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously
1081  and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice
1082  and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to
1083  this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other
1084  recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the
1085  Program.</LI>
1086 <P>You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
1087  you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.</P>
1088 <LI>You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of
1089  it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute
1090  such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided
1091  that you also meet all of these conditions:
1092 <OL TYPE="a">
1093 <LI>You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating
1094  that you changed the files and the date of any change.</LI>
1095 <LI>You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
1096  whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part
1097  thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties
1098  under the terms of this License.</LI>
1099 <LI>if the modified program normally reads commands interactively when
1100  run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use
1101  in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including
1102  an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty
1103  (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may
1104  redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user
1105  how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself
1106  is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your
1107  work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.)</LI>
1108 </OL>
1109 </LI>
1110 <P>These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
1111  identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
1112  and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
1113  themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
1114  sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
1115  distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
1116  on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
1117  this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
1118  entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote
1119  it.</P>
1120 <P>Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
1121  your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
1122  exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
1123  collective works based on the Program.</P>
1124 <P>In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the
1125  Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a
1126  volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other
1127  work under the scope of this License.</P>
1128 <LI>You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
1129  under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
1130  Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
1131 <OL TYPE="a">
1132 <LI>Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source
1133  code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2
1134  above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,</LI>
1135 <LI>Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years,
1136  to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of
1137  physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable
1138  copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the
1139  terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for
1140  software interchange; or,</LI>
1141 <LI>Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to
1142  distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only
1143  for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in
1144  object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with
1145  Subsection b above.)</LI>
1146 </OL>
1147 </LI>
1148 <P>The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
1149  making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
1150  code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
1151  associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control
1152  compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special
1153  exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that
1154  is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the
1155  major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system
1156  on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies
1157  the executable.</P>
1158 <P>If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
1159  access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access
1160  to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of
1161  the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy
1162  the source along with the object code.</P>
1163 <LI>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
1164  except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise
1165  to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will
1166  automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
1167  parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
1168  License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties
1169  remain in full compliance.</LI>
1170 <LI>You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
1171  signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
1172  distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
1173  prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
1174  modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
1175  Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
1176  all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the
1177  Program or works based on it.</LI>
1178 <LI>Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
1179  Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
1180  original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
1181  these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions
1182  on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not
1183  responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.</LI>
1184 <LI>If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
1185  infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
1186  conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
1187  otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
1188  excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
1189  distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
1190  License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
1191  may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license
1192  would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all
1193  those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the
1194  only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain
1195  entirely from distribution of the Program.</LI>
1196 <P>If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
1197  any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
1198  apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
1199  circumstances.</P>
1200 <P>It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
1201  patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
1202  such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
1203  integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
1204  implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous
1205  contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that
1206  system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up
1207  to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute
1208  software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that
1209  choice.</P>
1210 <P>This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
1211  be a consequence of the rest of this License.</P>
1212 <LI>If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
1213  certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
1214  original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may
1215  add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those
1216  countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries
1217  not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the
1218  limitation as if written in the body of this License.</LI>
1219 <LI>The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
1220  of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
1221  be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail
1222  to address new problems or concerns.</LI>
1223 <P>Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
1224  specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and &quot;any
1225  later version&quot;, you have the option of following the terms and
1226  conditions either of that version or of any later version published by
1227  the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version
1228  number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by
1229  the Free Software Foundation.</P>
1230 <LI>If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
1231  programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the
1232  author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the
1233  Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we
1234  sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the
1235  two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free
1236  software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.</LI>
1237 </OL>
1238 <H4>NO WARRANTY</H4>
1239 <OL START="11">
1240 <LI>BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
1241  FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
1242  OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
1243  PROVIDE THE PROGRAM &quot;AS IS&quot; WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
1244  EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
1245  WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE
1246  ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH
1247  YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL
1248  NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.</LI>
1249 <LI>IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN
1250  WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY
1251  AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU
1252  FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR
1253  CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE
1254  PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING
1255  RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A
1256  FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF
1257  SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
1258  DAMAGES.</LI>
1259 </OL>
1260 <H4>END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS</H4>
1261
1262 <!-- NEW PAGE -->
1263 <H2><A NAME="6_3">GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</A></H2>
1264 <P>Version 2, June 1991</P>
1265 <PRE>
1266 Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
1267 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA
1268 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
1269 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
1270
1271 [This is the first released version of the library GPL.  It is
1272  numbered 2 because it goes with version 2 of the ordinary GPL.]
1273 </PRE>
1274 <H4>Preamble</H4>
1275 <P>The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom
1276  to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public Licenses
1277  are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
1278  software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.</P>
1279 <P>This license, the Library General Public License, applies to some
1280  specially designated Free Software Foundation software, and to any
1281  other libraries whose authors decide to use it. You can use it for your
1282  libraries, too.</P>
1283 <P>When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
1284  price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
1285  have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
1286  this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
1287  if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in
1288  new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.</P>
1289 <P>To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
1290  anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
1291  These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
1292  distribute copies of the library, or if you modify it.</P>
1293 <P>For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis
1294  or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave
1295  you. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source
1296  code. If you link a program with the library, you must provide complete
1297  object files to the recipients so that they can relink them with the
1298  library, after making changes to the library and recompiling it. And
1299  you must show them these terms so they know their rights.</P>
1300 <P>Our method of protecting your rights has two steps: (1) copyright the
1301  library, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal
1302  permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.</P>
1303 <P>Also, for each distributor's protection, we want to make certain that
1304  everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free library.
1305  If the library is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its
1306  recipients to know that what they have is not the original version, so
1307  that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
1308  authors' reputations.</P>
1309 <P>Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
1310  patents. We wish to avoid the danger that companies distributing free
1311  software will individually obtain patent licenses, thus in effect
1312  transforming the program into proprietary software. To prevent this, we
1313  have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free
1314  use or not licensed at all.</P>
1315 <P>Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the
1316  ordinary GNU General Public License, which was designed for utility
1317  programs. This license, the GNU Library General Public License, applies
1318  to certain designated libraries. This license is quite different from
1319  the ordinary one; be sure to read it in full, and don't assume that
1320  anything in it is the same as in the ordinary license.</P>
1321 <P>The reason we have a separate public license for some libraries is
1322  that they blur the distinction we usually make between modifying or
1323  adding to a program and simply using it. Linking a program with a
1324  library, without changing the library, is in some sense simply using
1325  the library, and is analogous to running a utility program or
1326  application program. However, in a textual and legal sense, the linked
1327  executable is a combined work, a derivative of the original library,
1328  and the ordinary General Public License treats it as such.</P>
1329 <P>Because of this blurred distinction, using the ordinary General
1330  Public License for libraries did not effectively promote software
1331  sharing, because most developers did not use the libraries. We
1332  concluded that weaker conditions might promote sharing better.</P>
1333 <P>However, unrestricted linking of non-free programs would deprive the
1334  users of those programs of all benefit from the free status of the
1335  libraries themselves. This Library General Public License is intended
1336  to permit developers of non-free programs to use free libraries, while
1337  preserving your freedom as a user of such programs to change the free
1338  libraries that are incorporated in them. (We have not seen how to
1339  achieve this as regards changes in header files, but we have achieved
1340  it as regards changes in the actual functions of the Library.) The hope
1341  is that this will lead to faster development of free libraries.</P>
1342 <P>The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
1343  modification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a
1344  &quot;work based on the library&quot; and a &quot;work that uses the library&quot;. The
1345  former contains code derived from the library, while the latter only
1346  works together with the library.</P>
1347 <P>Note that it is possible for a library to be covered by the ordinary
1348  General Public License rather than by this special one.</P>
1349 <H4>TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION</H4>
1350 <P><STRONG>0.</STRONG> This License Agreement applies to any software
1351  library which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or other
1352  authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of this
1353  Library General Public License (also called &quot;this License&quot;). Each
1354  licensee is addressed as &quot;you&quot;.</P>
1355 <P>A &quot;library&quot; means a collection of software functions and/or data
1356  prepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs
1357  (which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.</P>
1358 <P>The &quot;Library&quot;, below, refers to any such software library or work
1359  which has been distributed under these terms. A &quot;work based on the
1360  Library&quot; means either the Library or any derivative work under
1361  copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a
1362  portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated
1363  straightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is
1364  included without limitation in the term &quot;modification&quot;.)</P>
1365 <P>&quot;Source code&quot; for a work means the preferred form of the work for
1366  making modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means
1367  all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated
1368  interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control
1369  compilation and installation of the library.</P>
1370 <P>Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
1371  covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running
1372  a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from such a
1373  program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
1374  Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for writing
1375  it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does and what the
1376  program that uses the Library does.</P>
1377 <P><STRONG>1.</STRONG> You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of
1378  the Library's complete source code as you receive it, in any medium,
1379  provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy
1380  an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact
1381  all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any
1382  warranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the Library.</P>
1383 <P>You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
1384  you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.</P>
1385 <P><STRONG>2.</STRONG> You may modify your copy or copies of the Library
1386  or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and
1387  copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of
1388  Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:</P>
1389 <OL TYPE="a">
1390 <LI>The modified work must itself be a software library.</LI>
1391 <P></P>
1392 <LI>You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices stating
1393  that you changed the files and the date of any change.</LI>
1394 <P></P>
1395 <LI>You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no charge to
1396  all third parties under the terms of this License.</LI>
1397 <P></P>
1398 <LI>If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a
1399  table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses the
1400  facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility is
1401  invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that, in the
1402  event an application does not supply such function or table, the
1403  facility still operates, and performs whatever part of its purpose
1404  remains meaningful.</LI>
1405 <P>(For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has a
1406  purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the application.
1407  Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any application-supplied
1408  function or table used by this function must be optional: if the
1409  application does not supply it, the square root function must still
1410  compute square roots.)</P>
1411 </OL>
1412 <P>These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
1413  identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,
1414  and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
1415  themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
1416  sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
1417  distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
1418  on the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
1419  this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
1420  entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote
1421  it.</P>
1422 <P>Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
1423  your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
1424  exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
1425  collective works based on the Library.</P>
1426 <P>In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the
1427  Library with the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a
1428  volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other
1429  work under the scope of this License.</P>
1430 <P><STRONG>3.</STRONG> You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary
1431  GNU General Public License instead of this License to a given copy of
1432  the Library. To do this, you must alter all the notices that refer to
1433  this License, so that they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public
1434  License, version 2, instead of to this License. (If a newer version
1435  than version 2 of the ordinary GNU General Public License has appeared,
1436  then you can specify that version instead if you wish.) Do not make any
1437  other change in these notices.</P>
1438 <P>Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for that
1439  copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all
1440  subsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.</P>
1441 <P>This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of the
1442  Library into a program that is not a library.</P>
1443 <P><STRONG>4.</STRONG> You may copy and distribute the Library (or a
1444  portion or derivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or
1445  executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that
1446  you accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
1447  source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1
1448  and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange.</P>
1449 <P>If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy
1450  from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the
1451  source code from the same place satisfies the requirement to distribute
1452  the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy
1453  the source along with the object code.</P>
1454 <P><STRONG>5.</STRONG> A program that contains no derivative of any
1455  portion of the Library, but is designed to work with the Library by
1456  being compiled or linked with it, is called a &quot;work that uses the
1457  Library&quot;. Such a work, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the
1458  Library, and therefore falls outside the scope of this License.</P>
1459 <P>However, linking a &quot;work that uses the Library&quot; with the Library
1460  creates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it
1461  contains portions of the Library), rather than a &quot;work that uses the
1462  library&quot;. The executable is therefore covered by this License. Section
1463  6 states terms for distribution of such executables.</P>
1464 <P>When a &quot;work that uses the Library&quot; uses material from a header file
1465  that is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a
1466  derivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.
1467  Whether this is true is especially significant if the work can be
1468  linked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The
1469  threshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.</P>
1470 <P>If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data structure
1471  layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline functions (ten
1472  lines or less in length), then the use of the object file is
1473  unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative work.
1474  (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the Library
1475  will still fall under Section 6.)</P>
1476 <P>Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may
1477  distribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.
1478  Any executables containing that work also fall under Section 6, whether
1479  or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.</P>
1480 <P><STRONG>6.</STRONG> As an exception to the Sections above, you may
1481  also compile or link a &quot;work that uses the Library&quot; with the Library to
1482  produce a work containing portions of the Library, and distribute that
1483  work under terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit
1484  modification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse
1485  engineering for debugging such modifications.</P>
1486 <P>You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the
1487  Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by
1488  this License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work
1489  during execution displays copyright notices, you must include the
1490  copyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference
1491  directing the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one
1492  of these things:</P>
1493 <OL TYPE="a">
1494 <LI>Accompany the work with the complete corresponding machine-readable
1495  source code for the Library including whatever changes were used in the
1496  work (which must be distributed under Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if
1497  the work is an executable linked with the Library, with the complete
1498  machine-readable &quot;work that uses the Library&quot;, as object code and/or
1499  source code, so that the user can modify the Library and then relink to
1500  produce a modified executable containing the modified Library. (It is
1501  understood that the user who changes the contents of definitions files
1502  in the Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the
1503  application to use the modified definitions.)</LI>
1504 <P></P>
1505 <LI>Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at least three
1506  years, to give the same user the materials specified in Subsection 6a,
1507  above, for a charge no more than the cost of performing this
1508  distribution.</LI>
1509 <P></P>
1510 <LI>If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy from
1511  a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above specified
1512  materials from the same place.</LI>
1513 <P></P>
1514 <LI>Verify that the user has already received a copy of these materials
1515  or that you have already sent this user a copy.</LI>
1516 </OL>
1517 <P>For an executable, the required form of the &quot;work that uses the
1518  Library&quot; must include any data and utility programs needed for
1519  reproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,
1520  the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally
1521  distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components
1522  (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the
1523  executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the
1524  executable.</P>
1525 <P>It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license
1526  restrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally
1527  accompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot
1528  use both them and the Library together in an executable that you
1529  distribute.</P>
1530 <P><STRONG>7.</STRONG> You may place library facilities that are a work
1531  based on the Library side-by-side in a single library together with
1532  other library facilities not covered by this License, and distribute
1533  such a combined library, provided that the separate distribution of the
1534  work based on the Library and of the other library facilities is
1535  otherwise permitted, and provided that you do these two things:</P>
1536 <OL TYPE="a">
1537 <LI>Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based on
1538  the Library, uncombined with any other library facilities. This must be
1539  distributed under the terms of the Sections above.</LI>
1540 <P></P>
1541 <LI>Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact that
1542  part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining where to find
1543  the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.</LI>
1544 </OL>
1545 <P><STRONG>8.</STRONG> You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with,
1546  or distribute the Library except as expressly provided under this
1547  License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with,
1548  or distribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate
1549  your rights under this License. However, parties who have received
1550  copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their
1551  licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.</P>
1552 <P><STRONG>9.</STRONG> You are not required to accept this License,
1553  since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you
1554  permission to modify or distribute the Library or its derivative works.
1555  These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.
1556  Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Library (or any work based
1557  on the Library), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so,
1558  and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
1559  the Library or works based on it.</P>
1560 <P><STRONG>10.</STRONG> Each time you redistribute the Library (or any
1561  work based on the Library), the recipient automatically receives a
1562  license from the original licensor to copy, distribute, link with or
1563  modify the Library subject to these terms and conditions. You may not
1564  impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the
1565  rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance
1566  by third parties to this License.</P>
1567 <P><STRONG>11.</STRONG> If, as a consequence of a court judgment or
1568  allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited
1569  to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court
1570  order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this
1571  License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If
1572  you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations
1573  under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a
1574  consequence you may not distribute the Library at all. For example, if
1575  a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the
1576  Library by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through
1577  you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would
1578  be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Library.</P>
1579 <P>If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
1580  any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
1581  apply, and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
1582  circumstances.</P>
1583 <P>It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
1584  patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
1585  such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
1586  integrity of the free software distribution system which is implemented
1587  by public license practices. Many people have made generous
1588  contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that
1589  system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up
1590  to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute
1591  software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that
1592  choice.</P>
1593 <P>This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
1594  be a consequence of the rest of this License.</P>
1595 <P><STRONG>12.</STRONG> If the distribution and/or use of the Library is
1596  restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted
1597  interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Library under
1598  this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation
1599  excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or
1600  among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License
1601  incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License.</P>
1602 <P><STRONG>13.</STRONG> The Free Software Foundation may publish revised
1603  and/or new versions of the Library General Public License from time to
1604  time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present
1605  version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.</P>
1606 <P>Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library
1607  specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and &quot;any
1608  later version&quot;, you have the option of following the terms and
1609  conditions either of that version or of any later version published by
1610  the Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a license
1611  version number, you may choose any version ever published by the Free
1612  Software Foundation.</P>
1613 <P><STRONG>14.</STRONG> If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library
1614  into other free programs whose distribution conditions are incompatible
1615  with these, write to the author to ask for permission. For software
1616  which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free
1617  Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our
1618  decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status
1619  of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing
1620  and reuse of software generally.</P>
1621 <P><STRONG>NO WARRANTY</STRONG></P>
1622 <P><STRONG>15.</STRONG> BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE,
1623  THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
1624  APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
1625  HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY &quot;AS IS&quot; WITHOUT
1626  WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
1627  LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
1628  PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE
1629  OF THE LIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU
1630  ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.</P>
1631 <P><STRONG>16.</STRONG> IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR
1632  AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO
1633  MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE
1634  LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL
1635  OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE
1636  LIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING
1637  RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A
1638  FAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF
1639  SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
1640  DAMAGES.</P>
1641 <H4>END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS</H4>
1642 </BODY>
1643 </HTML>