doc/sum.shtml

   1 <HTML>
   2 <HEAD>
   3         <META NAME="Description" CONTENT="Common UNIX Printing System Software Users Manual">
   4         <META NAME="COPYRIGHT" CONTENT="Copyright 1997-2001, All Rights Reserved">
   5         <META NAME="DOCNUMBER" CONTENT="CUPS-SUM-1.1.7">
   6         <META NAME="Author" CONTENT="Easy Software Products">
   7         <TITLE>CUPS Software Users Manual</TITLE>
   8 </HEAD>
   9 <BODY>
  10
  11 <H1 ALIGN="RIGHT">Preface</H1>
  12
  13 <P>This software users manual describes how to use the Common UNIX Printing
  14 System<SUP>TM</SUP> ("CUPS<SUP>TM</SUP>") Version 1.1.7.
  15
  16 <EMBED SRC="system-overview.shtml">
  17
  18 <!-- NEED 2in -->
  19 <H2>Document Overview</H2>
  20
  21 <P>This software users manual is organized into the following sections:</P>
  22
  23 <UL>
  24         <LI><A HREF="#OVERVIEW">1 - Printing System Overview</A>
  25         <LI><A HREF="#USING_SYSTEM">2 - Using the Printing System</A>
  26         <LI><A HREF="#STANDARD_OPTIONS">3 - Standard Printer Options</A>
  27         <LI><A HREF="#SAVING_OPTIONS">4 - Saving Printer Options and Defaults</A>
  28         <LI><A HREF="#LICENSE">A - Software License Agreement</A>
  29 </UL>
  30
  31 <H2>Notation Conventions</H2>
  32
  33 <P>Various font and syntax conventions are used in this guide. Examples and
  34 their meanings and uses are explained below:
  35
  36 <CENTER><TABLE WIDTH="80%">
  37 <TR>
  38         <TH>Example</TH>
  39         <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  40         <TH>Description</TH>
  41 </TR>
  42 <TR><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  43 <TR VALIGN="TOP">
  44         <TD><CODE>lpstat</CODE><BR>
  45         <CODE>lpstat(1)</CODE></TD>
  46
  47         <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  48
  49         <TD>The names of commands; the first mention of a command or
  50         function in a chapter is followed by a manual page section
  51         number.</TD>
  52 </TR>
  53 <TR><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  54 <TR VALIGN="TOP">
  55         <TD><VAR>/var</VAR><BR>
  56         <VAR>/usr/share/cups/data/testprint.ps</VAR></TD>
  57
  58         <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  59
  60         <TD>File and directory names.</TD>
  61 </TR>
  62 <TR><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  63 <TR VALIGN="TOP">
  64         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Request ID is Printer-123</TT></TD>
  65
  66         <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  67
  68         <TD>Screen output.</TD>
  69 </TR>
  70 <TR><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  71 <TR VALIGN="TOP">
  72         <TD NOWRAP><KBD>lp -d printer filename ENTER</KBD></TD>
  73
  74         <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  75
  76         <TD>Literal user input; special keys like <KBD>ENTER</B></KBD> are
  77         in ALL CAPS.</TD>
  78 </TR>
  79 <TR><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  80 <TR VALIGN="TOP">
  81         <TD>12.3</TD>
  82
  83         <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  84
  85         <TD>Numbers in the text are written using the period (.) to indicate
  86         the decimal point.</TD>
  87 </TR>
  88 </TABLE></CENTER>
  89
  90 <!-- NEED 3in -->
  91 <H2>Abbreviations</H2>
  92
  93 The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual:
  94
  95 <UL>
  96 <DL>
  97
  98         <DT>kb
  99         <DD>Kilobytes, or 1024 bytes<BR>&nbsp;
 100
 101         <DT>Mb
 102         <DD>Megabytes, or 1048576 bytes<BR>&nbsp;
 103
 104         <DT>Gb
 105         <DD>Gigabytes, or 1073741824 bytes<BR>&nbsp;
 106
 107 </DL>
 108 </UL>
 109
 110 <H2>Other References</H2>
 111
 112 <UL>
 113 <DL>
 114
 115         <DT>CUPS Software Administrators Manual
 116
 117         <DD>An administration guide for the CUPS software.<BR>&nbsp;
 118
 119         <DT>CUPS Software Programmers Manual
 120
 121         <DD>A programmer guide for interfacing with and/or extending the CUPS
 122         software.<BR>&nbsp;
 123
 124 </DL>
 125 </UL>
 126
 127
 128 <EMBED SRC="printing-overview.shtml">
 129
 130
 131 <H1 ALIGN="RIGHT"><A NAME="USING_SYSTEM">2 - Using the Printing System</A></H1>
 132
 133 <P>This chapter shows you how to submit, query, and cancel print jobs to
 134 different printers.
 135
 136 <H2>Submitting Files for Printing</H2>
 137
 138 <P>CUPS provides both the System V (<CODE>lp(1)</CODE>) and Berkeley
 139 (<CODE>lpr(1)</CODE>) printing commands. Type the following command to
 140 print a file to the default (or only) printer on the system:
 141
 142 <UL><PRE>
 143 <B>lp filename ENTER</B>
 144 </PRE></UL>
 145
 146 <P>or:
 147
 148 <UL><PRE>
 149 <B>lpr filename ENTER</B>
 150 </PRE></UL>
 151
 152 <P>CUPS understands many different types of files directly, including
 153 PostScript and image files. This allows you to print from inside your
 154 applications or at the command-line, whichever is most convenient!
 155
 156 <H2>Choosing a Printer</H2>
 157
 158 <P>Many systems will have more than one printer available to the user. These
 159 printers can be attached to the local system via a parallel, serial, or USB
 160 port, or available over the network.
 161
 162 <P>Use the <CODE>lpstat(1)</CODE> command to see a list of available printers:
 163
 164 <UL><PRE>
 165 <B>lpstat -p -d ENTER</B>
 166 </PRE></UL>
 167
 168 <P>The <CODE>-p</CODE> option specifies that you want to see a list of
 169 printers, and the <CODE>-d</CODE> option reports the current system
 170 default printer or class.
 171
 172 <P>Use the <CODE>-d</CODE> option with the <CODE>lp</CODE> command to
 173 print to a specific printer:
 174
 175 <UL><PRE>
 176 <B>lp -d printer filename ENTER</B>
 177 </PRE></UL>
 178
 179 <P>or the <CODE>-P</CODE> option with the <CODE>lpr</CODE> command:
 180
 181 <UL><PRE>
 182 <B>lpr -P printer filename ENTER</B>
 183 </PRE></UL>
 184
 185 <H2>Setting Printer Options</H2>
 186
 187 <P>For many types of files, the default printer options may be sufficient for
 188 your needs. However, there may be times when you need to change the options
 189 for a particular file you are printing.
 190
 191 <P>The <CODE>lp</CODE> and <CODE>lpr</CODE> commands allow you to pass
 192 printer options using the <CODE>-o</CODE> option:
 193
 194 <UL><PRE>
 195 <B>lp -o landscape -o scaling=75 -o media=A4 filename.jpg
 196 <B>lpr -o landscape -o scaling=75 -o media=A4 filename.jpg
 197 </PRE></UL>
 198
 199 <P>The available printer options vary depending on the printer. The standard
 200 options are described in <A HREF="#STANDARD_OPTIONS">Chapter 3, "Standard
 201 Printing Options"</A>.
 202
 203 <H2>Printing Multiple Copies</H2>
 204
 205 <P>Both the <CODE>lp</CODE> and <CODE>lpr</CODE> commands have options for
 206 printing more than one copy of a file:
 207
 208 <UL><PRE>
 209 <B>lp -n <I>num-copies</I> filename ENTER</B>
 210 <B>lpr -#<I>num-copies</I> filename ENTER</B>
 211 </PRE></UL>
 212
 213 <P>Copies are normally <I>not</I> collated for you. Use the <CODE>-o
 214 Collate=True</CODE> option to get collated copies :
 215
 216 <UL><PRE>
 217 <B>lp -n <I>num-copies</I> -o Collate=True filename ENTER</B>
 218 <B>lpr -#<I>num-copies</I> -o Collate=True filename ENTER</B>
 219 </PRE></UL>
 220
 221 <!-- NEED 3in -->
 222 <H2>Checking the Printer Status from the Command-Line</H2>
 223
 224 <P>The <CODE>lpstat</CODE> command can be used to check for jobs that you
 225 have submitted for printing:
 226
 227 <UL><PRE>
 228 <B>lpstat ENTER</B>
 229 Printer-1 johndoe 4427776
 230 Printer-2 johndoe 15786
 231 Printer-3 johndoe 372842
 232 </PRE></UL>
 233
 234 <P>The jobs are listed in the order they will be printed. Use the
 235 <CODE>-p</CODE> option to see which files and printers are active:
 236
 237 <UL><PRE>
 238 <B>lpstat -p ENTER</B>
 239 printer DeskJet now printing DeskJet-1.
 240 </PRE></UL>
 241
 242 <!-- NEED 2in -->
 243 <P>Use the <CODE>-o</CODE> and <CODE>-p</CODE> options together to show
 244 the jobs and the printers:
 245
 246 <UL><PRE>
 247 <B>lpstat -o -p ENTER</B>
 248 Printer-1 johndoe 4427776
 249 Printer-2 johndoe 15786
 250 Printer-3 johndoe 372842
 251 printer DeskJet now printing DeskJet-1.
 252 </PRE></UL>
 253
 254 <H2>Checking the Printer Status from the Web</H2>
 255
 256 <P>Since CUPS uses the Internet Printing Protocol, it is also a
 257 fully-functional web server. To use your web browser to monitor the
 258 printers on your system, open the URL:
 259
 260 <UL><PRE>
 261 <A HREF="http://localhost:631">http://localhost:631</A>
 262 </PRE></UL>
 263
 264 <P>From there you can view the status of classes, jobs, and printers
 265 with the click of a button!
 266
 267 <H2>Canceling a Print Job</H2>
 268
 269 <P>The <CODE>cancel(1)</CODE> and <CODE>lprm(1)</CODE> commands cancel
 270 a print job:
 271
 272 <UL><PRE>
 273 <B>cancel <I>job-id</I> ENTER</B>
 274 <B>lprm <I>job-id</I> ENTER</B>
 275 </PRE></UL>
 276
 277 <P>The <CODE>job-id</CODE> is the number that was reported to you by
 278 the <CODE>lp</CODE> or <CODE>lpstat</CODE> commands.
 279
 280
 281 <H1 ALIGN="RIGHT"><A NAME="STANDARD_OPTIONS">3 - Standard Printer Options</A></H1>
 282
 283 <P>This chapter describes the standard printer options that are available
 284 when printing with the <CODE>lp</CODE> and <CODE>lpr</CODE> commands.
 285
 286 <H2>General Options</H2>
 287
 288 <P>The following options apply when printing all types of files.
 289
 290 <H3>Setting the Orientation</H3>
 291
 292 <P>The <CODE>-o landscape</CODE> option will rotate the page 90 degrees
 293 to print in landscape orientation:
 294
 295 <UL><PRE>
 296 <B>lp -o landscape filename ENTER</B>
 297 <B>lpr -o landscape filename ENTER</B>
 298 </PRE></UL>
 299
 300 <!-- NEED 2in -->
 301 <H3>Selecting the Media Size, Type, and Source</H3>
 302
 303 <P>The <CODE>-o media=xyz</CODE> option sets the media size, type,
 304 and/or source:
 305
 306 <UL><PRE>
 307 <B>lp -o media=Letter filename ENTER</B>
 308 <B>lp -o media=Letter,MultiPurpose filename ENTER</B>
 309 <B>lpr -o media=Letter,Transparency filename ENTER</B>
 310 <B>lpr -o media=Letter,MultiPurpose,Transparency filename ENTER</B>
 311 </PRE></UL>
 312
 313 <!-- NEED 3in -->
 314 <P>The available media sizes, types, and sources depend on the printer, but
 315 most support the following options (case is not significant):
 316
 317 <UL>
 318
 319         <LI><CODE>Letter</CODE> - US Letter (8.5x11 inches, or 216x279mm)
 320
 321         <LI><CODE>Legal</CODE> - US Legal (8.5x14 inches, or 216x356mm)
 322
 323         <LI><CODE>A4</CODE> - ISO A4 (8.27x11.69 inches, or 210x297mm)
 324
 325         <LI><CODE>COM10</CODE> - US #10 Envelope (9.5x4.125 inches, or
 326         241x105mm)
 327
 328         <LI><CODE>DL</CODE> - ISO DL Envelope (8.66x4.33 inches, or 220x110mm)
 329
 330         <LI><CODE>Transparency</CODE> - Transparency media type or source
 331
 332         <LI><CODE>Upper</CODE> - Upper paper tray
 333
 334         <LI><CODE>Lower</CODE> - Lower paper tray
 335
 336         <LI><CODE>MultiPurpose</CODE> - Multi-purpose paper tray
 337
 338         <LI><CODE>LargeCapacity</CODE> - Large capacity paper tray
 339
 340 </UL>
 341
 342 <P>The actual options supported are defined in the printer's PPD file
 343 in the <CODE>PageSize</CODE>, <CODE>InputSlot</CODE>, and
 344 <CODE>MediaType</CODE> options.
 345
 346 <H3>Printing On Both Sides of the Paper</H3>
 347
 348 <P>The <CODE>-o sides=two-sided-short-edge</CODE> and <CODE>-o
 349 sides=two-sided-long-edge</CODE> options will enable duplexing on the
 350 printer, if the printer supports it. The <CODE>-o
 351 sides=two-sided-short-edge</CODE> option is suitable for landscape
 352 pages, while the <CODE>-o sides=two-sided-long-edge</CODE> option is
 353 suitable for portrait pages:
 354
 355 <UL><PRE>
 356 <B>lp -o sides=two-sided-short-edge filename ENTER</B>
 357 <B>lp -o sides=two-sided-long-edge filename ENTER</B>
 358 <B>lpr -o sides=two-sided-long-edge filename ENTER</B>
 359 </PRE></UL>
 360
 361 <P>The default is to print single-sided:
 362
 363 <UL><PRE>
 364 <B>lp -o sides=one-sided filename ENTER</B>
 365 <B>lpr -o sides=one-sided filename ENTER</B>
 366 </PRE></UL>
 367
 368 <H2>Banner Options</H2>
 369
 370 <P>The following options apply when printing all types of files.
 371
 372 <H3>Selecting the Banner Page(s)</H3>
 373
 374 <P>The <CODE>-o jobsheets=start,end</CODE> option sets the banner page(s) to
 375 use for a job:
 376
 377 <UL><PRE>
 378 <B>lp -o job-sheets=none filename ENTER</B>
 379 <B>lp -o job-sheets=standard filename ENTER</B>
 380 <B>lpr -o job-sheets=classified,classified filename ENTER</B>
 381 </PRE></UL>
 382
 383 <P>If only one banner file is specified, it will be printed before the
 384 files in the job. If a second banner file is specified, it is printed after
 385 the files in the job.
 386
 387 <P>The available banner pages depend on the local system configuration; CUPS
 388 includes the following banner files:
 389
 390 <UL>
 391
 392         <LI><CODE>none</CODE> - Do not produce a banner page.
 393
 394         <LI><CODE>classified</CODE> - A banner page with a "classified"
 395         label at the top and bottom.
 396
 397         <LI><CODE>confidential</CODE> - A banner page with a
 398         "confidential" label at the top and bottom.
 399
 400         <LI><CODE>secret</CODE> - A banner page with a "secret" label
 401         at the top and bottom.
 402
 403         <LI><CODE>standard</CODE> - A banner page with no label at the
 404         top and bottom.
 405
 406         <LI><CODE>topsecret</CODE> - A banner page with a "top secret"
 407         label at the top and bottom.
 408
 409         <LI><CODE>unclassified</CODE> - A banner page with an
 410         "unclassified" label at the top and bottom.
 411
 412 </UL>
 413
 414 <H2>Document Options</H2>
 415
 416 <P>The following options apply when printing all types of files.
 417
 418 <H3>Selecting a Range of Pages</H3>
 419
 420 <P>The <CODE>-o page-ranges=pages</CODE> option selects a range of
 421 pages for printing:
 422
 423 <UL><PRE>
 424 <B>lp -o page-ranges=1 filename ENTER</B>
 425 <B>lp -o page-ranges=1-4 filename ENTER</B>
 426 <B>lp -o page-ranges=1-4,7,9-12 filename ENTER</B>
 427 <B>lpr -o page-ranges=1-4,7,9-12 filename ENTER</B>
 428 </PRE></UL>
 429
 430 <P>As shown above, the <CODE>pages</CODE> value can be a single page, a
 431 range of pages, or a collection of page numbers and ranges separated by
 432 commas. The pages will always be printed in ascending order, regardless
 433 of the order of the pages in the <CODE>page-ranges</CODE> option.
 434
 435 <P>The default is to print all pages.
 436
 437 <H3>Selecting Even or Odd Pages</H3>
 438
 439 <P>Use the <CODE>-o page-set=set</CODE> option to select the even or odd pages:
 440
 441 <UL><PRE>
 442 <B>lp -o page-set=odd filename ENTER</B>
 443 <B>lp -o page-set=even filename ENTER</B>
 444 <B>lpr -o page-set=even filename ENTER</B>
 445 </PRE></UL>
 446
 447 <P>The default is to print all pages.
 448
 449 <H3>N-Up Printing</H3>
 450
 451 <P>The <CODE>-o number-up=value</CODE> option selects N-Up printing.
 452 N-Up printing places multiple document pages on a single printed page.
 453 CUPS supports 1-Up, 2-Up, and 4-Up formats:
 454
 455 <UL><PRE>
 456 <B>lp -o number-up=1 filename ENTER</B>
 457 <B>lp -o number-up=2 filename ENTER</B>
 458 <B>lp -o number-up=4 filename ENTER</B>
 459 <B>lpr -o number-up=4 filename ENTER</B>
 460 </PRE></UL>
 461
 462 <P>The default format is 1-Up.
 463
 464 <H3>Setting the Brightness</H3>
 465
 466 <P>You can control the overall brightness of the printed output using the
 467 <CODE>-o brightness=percent</CODE> option:
 468
 469 <UL><PRE>
 470 <B>lp -o brightness=120 filename ENTER</B>
 471 <B>lpr -o brightness=120 filename ENTER</B>
 472 </PRE></UL>
 473
 474 <P>Values greater than 100 will lighten the print, while values less than
 475 100 will darken it.
 476
 477 <H3>Setting the Gamma Correction</H3>
 478
 479 <P>You can control the overall gamma correction of the printed output
 480 using the <CODE>-o gamma=value</CODE> option:
 481
 482 <UL><PRE>
 483 <B>lp -o gamma=1700 filename ENTER</B>
 484 <B>lpr -o gamma=1700 filename ENTER</B>
 485 </PRE></UL>
 486
 487 <P>Values greater than 1000 will lighten the print, while values less
 488 than 1000 will darken it. The default gamma is 1000.
 489
 490 <H2>Text Options</H2>
 491
 492 <P>The following options apply when printing text files.
 493
 494 <H3>Setting the Number of Characters Per Inch</H3>
 495
 496 <P>The <CODE>-o cpi=value</CODE> option sets the number of characters per inch:
 497
 498 <UL><PRE>
 499 <B>lp -o cpi=10 filename ENTER</B>
 500 <B>lp -o cpi=12 filename ENTER</B>
 501 <B>lpr -o cpi=17 filename ENTER</B>
 502 </PRE></UL>
 503
 504 <P>The default characters per inch is 10.
 505
 506 <H3>Setting the Number of Lines Per Inch</H3>
 507
 508 <P>The <CODE>-o lpi=value</CODE> option sets the number of lines per inch:
 509
 510 <UL><PRE>
 511 <B>lp -o lpi=6 filename ENTER</B>
 512 <B>lpr -o lpi=8 filename ENTER</B>
 513 </PRE></UL>
 514
 515 <P>The default lines per inch is 6.
 516
 517 <H3>Setting the Number of Columns</H3>
 518
 519 <P>The <CODE>-o columns=value</CODE> option sets the number of text columns:
 520
 521 <UL><PRE>
 522 <B>lp -o columns=2 filename ENTER</B>
 523 <B>lpr -o columns=3 filename ENTER</B>
 524 </PRE></UL>
 525
 526 <P>The default number of columns is 1.
 527
 528 <H3>Setting the Page Margins</H3>
 529
 530 <P>Normally the page margins are set to the hard limits of the printer.
 531 Use the <CODE>-o page-left=value</CODE>, <CODE>-o
 532 page-right=value</CODE>, <CODE>-o page-top=value</CODE>, and <CODE>-o
 533 page-bottom=value</CODE> options to adjust the page margins:
 534
 535 <UL><PRE>
 536 <B>lp -o page-left=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 537 <B>lp -o page-right=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 538 <B>lp -o page-top=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 539 <B>lp -o page-bottom=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 540 <B>lpr -o page-bottom=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 541 </PRE></UL>
 542
 543 <P>The <CODE>value</CODE> argument is the margin in points; each point is 1/72 inch
 544 or 0.35mm.
 545
 546 <H3>Pretty Printing</H3>
 547
 548 <P>The <CODE>-o prettyprint</CODE> option puts a header at the top of each page with the
 549 page number, job title (usually the filename), and the date. Also, C and C++
 550 keywords are highlighted, and comment lines are italicized:
 551
 552 <UL><PRE>
 553 <B>lp -o prettyprint filename ENTER</B>
 554 <B>lpr -o prettyprint filename ENTER</B>
 555 </PRE></UL>
 556
 557 <H2>Image Options</H2>
 558
 559 <P>The following options apply when printing image files.
 560
 561 <H3>Positioning the Image</H3>
 562
 563 <P>The <CODE>-o position=name</CODE> option specifies the position of the
 564 image on the page:
 565
 566 <UL>
 567
 568         <LI><CODE>center</CODE> - Center the image on the page (default)
 569
 570         <LI><CODE>top</CODE> - Print the image centered at the top of the page
 571
 572         <LI><CODE>left</CODE> - Print the image centered on the left of page
 573
 574         <LI><CODE>right</CODE> - Print the image centered on the right of the page
 575
 576         <LI><CODE>top-left</CODE> - Print the image at the top left corner of
 577         the page
 578
 579         <LI><CODE>top-right</CODE> - Print the image at the top right corner of
 580         the page
 581
 582         <LI><CODE>bottom</CODE> - Print the image centered at the bottom of
 583         the page
 584
 585         <LI><CODE>bottom-left</CODE> - Print the image at the bottom left
 586         corner of the page
 587
 588         <LI><CODE>bottom-right</CODE> - Print the image at the bottom right
 589         corner of the page
 590
 591 </UL>
 592
 593 <H3>Scaling the Image</H3>
 594
 595 <P>The <CODE>-o scaling=percent</CODE> and <CODE>-o ppi=value</CODE>
 596 options change the size of a printed image:
 597
 598 <UL><PRE>
 599 <B>lp -o scaling=<I>percent</I> filename ENTER</B>
 600 <B>lp -o ppi=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 601 <B>lpr -o ppi=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 602 </PRE></UL>
 603
 604 <P>The <CODE>percent</CODE> value is a number from 1 to 800
 605 specifying the size in relation to the page (<I>not</I> the image.) A
 606 scaling of 100 percent will fill the page as completely as the image
 607 aspect ratio allows. A scaling of 200 percent will print on up to 4
 608 pages.
 609
 610 <P>The ppi <CODE>value</CODE> is a number from 1 to 1200 specifying the
 611 resolution of the image in pixels per inch. An image that is 3000x2400
 612 pixels will print 10x8 inches at 300 pixels per inch, for example. If
 613 the specified resolution makes the image larger than the page, multiple
 614 pages will be printed to satisfy the request.
 615
 616 <H3>Adjusting the Hue (Tint) of an Image</H3>
 617
 618 <P>The <CODE>-o hue=value</CODE> option will adjust the hue of the
 619 printed image, much like the tint control on your television:
 620
 621 <UL><PRE>
 622 <B>lp -o hue=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 623 <B>lpr -o hue=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 624 </PRE></UL>
 625
 626 <!-- NEED 3in -->
 627 <P>The <CODE>value</CODE> argument is a number from -360 to 360 and represents the
 628 color hue rotation. The following table summarizes the change you'll see with
 629 different colors:
 630
 631 <CENTER><TABLE WIDTH="50%" BORDER="1">
 632 <TR>
 633         <TH>Original</TH>
 634         <TH>hue=-45</TH>
 635         <TH>hue=45</TH>
 636 </TR>
 637 <TR>
 638         <TD>Red</TD>
 639         <TD>Purple</TD>
 640         <TD>Yellow-orange</TD>
 641 </TR>
 642 <TR>
 643         <TD>Green</TD>
 644         <TD>Yellow-green</TD>
 645         <TD>Blue-green</TD>
 646 </TR>
 647 <TR>
 648         <TD>Yellow</TD>
 649         <TD>Orange</TD>
 650         <TD>Green-yellow</TD>
 651 </TR>
 652 <TR>
 653         <TD>Blue</TD>
 654         <TD>Sky-blue</TD>
 655         <TD>Purple</TD>
 656 </TR>
 657 <TR>
 658         <TD>Magenta</TD>
 659         <TD>Indigo</TD>
 660         <TD>Crimson</TD>
 661 </TR>
 662 <TR>
 663         <TD>Cyan</TD>
 664         <TD>Blue-green</TD>
 665         <TD>Light-navy-blue</TD>
 666 </TR>
 667 </TABLE></CENTER>
 668
 669 <P>The default hue adjustment is 0.
 670
 671 <H3>Adjusting the Saturation (Color) of an Image</H3>
 672
 673 <P>The <CODE>-o saturation=percent</CODE> option adjusts the saturation
 674 of the colors in an image, much like the color knob on your television:
 675
 676 <UL><PRE>
 677 <B>lp -o saturation=<I>percent</I> filename ENTER</B>
 678 <B>lpr -o saturation=<I>percent</I> filename ENTER</B>
 679 </PRE></UL>
 680
 681 <P>The <CODE>percent</CODE> argument specifies the color saturation
 682 from 0 to 200. A color saturation of 0 produces a black-and-white
 683 print, while a value of 200 will make the colors extremely intense.
 684
 685 <P>The default saturation is 100.
 686
 687 <!-- NEED 4in -->
 688 <H2>HP-GL/2 Options</H2>
 689
 690 <P>The following options apply to HP-GL/2 files.
 691
 692 <H3>Printing in Black</H3>
 693
 694 <P>The <CODE>-o blackplot</CODE> option specifies that all pens should
 695 plot in black:
 696
 697 <UL><PRE>
 698 <B>lp -o blackplot filename ENTER</B>
 699 <B>lpr -o blackplot filename ENTER</B>
 700 </PRE></UL>
 701
 702 <P>The default is to use the colors defined in the plot file or the
 703 standard pen colors defined in the HP-GL/2 reference manual from
 704 Hewlett Packard.
 705
 706 <H3>Fitting the Plot on the Page</H3>
 707
 708 <P>The <CODE>-o fitplot</CODE> option specifies that the plot should be
 709 scaled to fit on the page:
 710
 711 <UL><PRE>
 712 <B>lp -o fitplot filename ENTER</B>
 713 <B>lpr -o fitplot filename ENTER</B>
 714 </PRE></UL>
 715
 716 <P>The default is to use the absolute distances specified in the plot
 717 file.
 718
 719 <CENTER><TABLE WIDTH="80%" CELLPADDING="5" BORDER="1" BGCOLOR="#cccccc">
 720 <TR>
 721         <TD>
 722         <B>NOTE:</B>
 723
 724         <P>This feature depends upon an accurate plot size (<CODE>PS</CODE>)
 725         command in the HP-GL/2 file. If no plot size is given in the file
 726         than the HP-GL/2 filter assumes the plot is ANSI E size.
 727         </TD>
 728 </TR>
 729 </TABLE></CENTER>
 730
 731 <H3>Setting the Default Pen Width</H3>
 732
 733 <P>The <CODE>-o penwidth=value</CODE> option specifies the default pen
 734 width for HP-GL/2 files:
 735
 736 <UL><PRE>
 737 <B>lp -o penwidth=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 738 <B>lpr -o penwidth=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 739 </PRE></UL>
 740
 741 <P>The pen width <CODE>value</CODE> specifies the pen width in micrometers.
 742 The default value of 1000 produces lines that are 1 millimeter in width.
 743 Specifying a pen width of 0 produces lines that are exactly 1 pixel wide.
 744
 745 <CENTER><TABLE WIDTH="80%" CELLPADDING="5" BORDER="1" BGCOLOR="#cccccc">
 746 <TR>
 747         <TD>
 748         <B>NOTE:</B>
 749
 750         <P>This option is ignored when the pen widths are set in the
 751         plot file.
 752         </TD>
 753 </TR>
 754 </TABLE></CENTER>
 755
 756 <H2>Raw or Unfiltered Output</H2>
 757
 758 <P>The <CODE>-o raw</CODE> option allows you to send files directly to
 759 a printer without filtering. This is sometimes required when printing
 760 from applications that provide their own "printer drivers" for your
 761 printer:
 762
 763 <UL><PRE>
 764 <B>lp -o raw filename ENTER</B>
 765 <B>lpr -o raw filename ENTER</B>
 766 </PRE></UL>
 767
 768 <P>The <CODE>-l</CODE> option can also be used with the
 769 <CODE>lpr</CODE> command to send files directly to a printer:
 770
 771 <UL><PRE>
 772 <B>lpr -l filename ENTER</B>
 773 </PRE></UL>
 774
 775
 776 <H1 ALIGN="RIGHT"><A NAME="SAVING_OPTIONS">4 - Saving Printer Options and Defaults</A></H1>
 777
 778 <P>This chapter describes how to save printer options for your printer and
 779 set your own default printer.
 780
 781 <H2>Printer Options</H2>
 782
 783 <P>Each printer supports a large number of options, which you learned about
 784 in <A HREF="#STANDARD_OPTIONS">Chapter 3, "Standard Printer Options"</A>.
 785 Rather than specifying these options each time you print a file, CUPS allows
 786 you to save them as "default" options for the printer.
 787
 788 <P>The <CODE>lpoptions(1)</CODE> command saves the options for your printers.
 789 Like the <CODE>lp</CODE> and <CODE>lpr</CODE> commands, it accepts printer
 790 options using the <CODE>-o</CODE> argument:
 791
 792 <UL><PRE>
 793 <B>lpoptions -o media=A4 -o sides=two-sided-long-edge ENTER</B>
 794 <B>lpoptions -o media=Legal -o scaling=100 ENTER</B>
 795 </PRE></UL>
 796
 797 <P>Once saved, any <CODE>lp</CODE> or <CODE>lpr</CODE> command will
 798 use them when you print.
 799
 800 <H2>Setting Options for a Specific Printer</H2>
 801
 802 <P>The previous example shows how to set the options for the default
 803 printer. The <CODE>-p printer</CODE> option specifies the options are
 804 for another printer:
 805
 806 <UL><PRE>
 807 <B>lpoptions -p laserjet -o media=A4 -o sides=two-sided-long-edge ENTER</B>
 808 <B>lpoptions -p deskjet -o media=Legal -o scaling=100 ENTER</B>
 809 </PRE></UL>
 810
 811 <H2>Viewing the Current Defaults</H2>
 812
 813 <P>The <CODE>lpoptions</CODE> command can also be used to show the current
 814 options by not specifying any new options on the command-line:
 815
 816 <UL><PRE>
 817 <B>lpoptions ENTER</B>
 818 media=A4 sides=two-sided-long-edge
 819 <B>lpoptions -p deskjet ENTER</B>
 820 media=Legal scaling=100
 821 </PRE></UL>
 822
 823 <H2>Setting the Default Printer</H2>
 824
 825 <P>The administrator normally will set a system-wide default printer
 826 that is normally used as the default printer by everyone. Use the
 827 <CODE>-d printer</CODE> option to set your own default printer:
 828
 829 <UL><PRE>
 830 <B>lpoptions -d deskjet ENTER</B>
 831 </PRE></UL>
 832
 833 <P>The printer can be local (<CODE>deskjet</CODE>) or remote
 834 (<CODE>deskjet@server</CODE>).
 835
 836 <H2>Printer Instances</H2>
 837
 838 <P>Besides setting options for each print queue, CUPS supports
 839 <I>printer instances</I> which allow you to define several different
 840 sets of options for each printer. You specify a printer instance using
 841 the slash (<CODE>/</CODE>) character:
 842
 843 <UL><PRE>
 844 <B>lpoptions -p laserjet/duplex -o sides=two-sided-long-edge ENTER</B>
 845 <B>lpoptions -p laserjet/legal -o media=Legal ENTER</B>
 846 </PRE></UL>
 847
 848 <P>The <CODE>lp</CODE> and </CODE>lpr</CODE> commands also understand
 849 this notation:
 850
 851 <UL><PRE>
 852 <B>lp -d laserjet/duplex filename ENTER</B>
 853 <B>lpr -P laserjet/legal filename ENTER</B>
 854 </PRE></UL>
 855
 856 <H2>Removing Instances</H2>
 857
 858 <P>Use the <CODE>-x printer/instance</CODE> option to remove a printer
 859 instance that you no longer need:
 860
 861 <UL><PRE>
 862 <B>lpoptions -x laserjet ENTER</B>
 863 <B>lpoptions -x laserjet/duplex ENTER</B>
 864 <B>lpoptions -x laserjet/legal ENTER</B>
 865 </PRE></UL>
 866
 867 <P>The <CODE>-x</CODE> option only removes the default options for that
 868 printer and instance; the original print queue will remain until deleted
 869 with the <CODE>lpadmin(8)</CODE> command by the administrator.
 870
 871
 872 <H1 ALIGN="RIGHT"><A NAME="LICENSE">A - Software License
 873 Agreement</A></H1>
 874
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