doc/sum.shtml

   1 <HTML>
   2 <HEAD>
   3         <META NAME="Description" CONTENT="Common UNIX Printing System Software Users Manual">
   4         <META NAME="COPYRIGHT" CONTENT="Copyright 1997-2002, All Rights Reserved">
   5         <META NAME="DOCNUMBER" CONTENT="CUPS-SUM-1.1.15">
   6         <META NAME="Author" CONTENT="Easy Software Products">
   7         <TITLE>CUPS Software Users Manual</TITLE>
   8 </HEAD>
   9 <BODY>
  10
  11 <H1 ALIGN="RIGHT">Preface</H1>
  12
  13 <P>This software users manual describes how to use the Common UNIX Printing
  14 System<SUP>TM</SUP> ("CUPS<SUP>TM</SUP>") Version 1.1.15.
  15
  16 <EMBED SRC="system-overview.shtml">
  17
  18 <!-- NEED 2in -->
  19 <H2>Document Overview</H2>
  20
  21 <P>This software users manual is organized into the following sections:</P>
  22
  23 <UL>
  24         <LI><A HREF="#OVERVIEW">1 - Printing System Overview</A>
  25         <LI><A HREF="#USING_SYSTEM">2 - Using the Printing System</A>
  26         <LI><A HREF="#STANDARD_OPTIONS">3 - Standard Printer Options</A>
  27         <LI><A HREF="#SAVING_OPTIONS">4 - Saving Printer Options and Defaults</A>
  28         <LI><A HREF="#LICENSE">A - Software License Agreement</A>
  29 </UL>
  30
  31 <H2>Notation Conventions</H2>
  32
  33 <P>Various font and syntax conventions are used in this guide. Examples and
  34 their meanings and uses are explained below:
  35
  36 <CENTER><TABLE WIDTH="80%">
  37 <TR>
  38         <TH>Example</TH>
  39         <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  40         <TH>Description</TH>
  41 </TR>
  42 <TR><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  43 <TR VALIGN="TOP">
  44         <TD><CODE>lpstat</CODE><BR>
  45         <CODE>lpstat(1)</CODE></TD>
  46
  47         <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  48
  49         <TD>The names of commands; the first mention of a command or
  50         function in a chapter is followed by a manual page section
  51         number.</TD>
  52 </TR>
  53 <TR><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  54 <TR VALIGN="TOP">
  55         <TD><VAR>/var</VAR><BR>
  56         <VAR>/usr/share/cups/data/testprint.ps</VAR></TD>
  57
  58         <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  59
  60         <TD>File and directory names.</TD>
  61 </TR>
  62 <TR><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  63 <TR VALIGN="TOP">
  64         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Request ID is Printer-123</TT></TD>
  65
  66         <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  67
  68         <TD>Screen output.</TD>
  69 </TR>
  70 <TR><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  71 <TR VALIGN="TOP">
  72         <TD NOWRAP><KBD>lp -d printer filename ENTER</KBD></TD>
  73
  74         <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  75
  76         <TD>Literal user input; special keys like <KBD>ENTER</B></KBD> are
  77         in ALL CAPS.</TD>
  78 </TR>
  79 <TR><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  80 <TR VALIGN="TOP">
  81         <TD>12.3</TD>
  82
  83         <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  84
  85         <TD>Numbers in the text are written using the period (.) to indicate
  86         the decimal point.</TD>
  87 </TR>
  88 </TABLE></CENTER>
  89
  90 <!-- NEED 3in -->
  91 <H2>Abbreviations</H2>
  92
  93 The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual:
  94
  95 <UL>
  96 <DL>
  97
  98         <DT>kb
  99         <DD>Kilobytes, or 1024 bytes<BR>&nbsp;
 100
 101         <DT>Mb
 102         <DD>Megabytes, or 1048576 bytes<BR>&nbsp;
 103
 104         <DT>Gb
 105         <DD>Gigabytes, or 1073741824 bytes<BR>&nbsp;
 106
 107 </DL>
 108 </UL>
 109
 110 <H2>Other References</H2>
 111
 112 <UL>
 113 <DL>
 114
 115         <DT>CUPS Software Administrators Manual
 116
 117         <DD>An administration guide for the CUPS software.<BR>&nbsp;
 118
 119         <DT>CUPS Software Programmers Manual
 120
 121         <DD>A programmer guide for interfacing with and/or extending the CUPS
 122         software.<BR>&nbsp;
 123
 124 </DL>
 125 </UL>
 126
 127
 128 <EMBED SRC="printing-overview.shtml">
 129
 130
 131 <H1 ALIGN="RIGHT"><A NAME="USING_SYSTEM">2 - Using the Printing System</A></H1>
 132
 133 <P>This chapter shows you how to submit, query, and cancel print jobs to
 134 different printers.
 135
 136 <H2>Submitting Files for Printing</H2>
 137
 138 <P>CUPS provides both the System V (<CODE>lp(1)</CODE>) and Berkeley
 139 (<CODE>lpr(1)</CODE>) printing commands. Type the following command to
 140 print a file to the default (or only) printer on the system:
 141
 142 <UL><PRE>
 143 <B>lp filename ENTER</B>
 144 </PRE></UL>
 145
 146 <P>or:
 147
 148 <UL><PRE>
 149 <B>lpr filename ENTER</B>
 150 </PRE></UL>
 151
 152 <P>CUPS understands many different types of files directly, including
 153 PostScript and image files. This allows you to print from inside your
 154 applications or at the command-line, whichever is most convenient!
 155
 156 <H2>Choosing a Printer</H2>
 157
 158 <P>Many systems will have more than one printer available to the user. These
 159 printers can be attached to the local system via a parallel, serial, or USB
 160 port, or available over the network.
 161
 162 <P>Use the <CODE>lpstat(1)</CODE> command to see a list of available printers:
 163
 164 <UL><PRE>
 165 <B>lpstat -p -d ENTER</B>
 166 </PRE></UL>
 167
 168 <P>The <CODE>-p</CODE> option specifies that you want to see a list of
 169 printers, and the <CODE>-d</CODE> option reports the current system
 170 default printer or class.
 171
 172 <P>Use the <CODE>-d</CODE> option with the <CODE>lp</CODE> command to
 173 print to a specific printer:
 174
 175 <UL><PRE>
 176 <B>lp -d printer filename ENTER</B>
 177 </PRE></UL>
 178
 179 <P>or the <CODE>-P</CODE> option with the <CODE>lpr</CODE> command:
 180
 181 <UL><PRE>
 182 <B>lpr -P printer filename ENTER</B>
 183 </PRE></UL>
 184
 185 <H2>Setting Printer Options</H2>
 186
 187 <P>For many types of files, the default printer options may be sufficient for
 188 your needs. However, there may be times when you need to change the options
 189 for a particular file you are printing.
 190
 191 <P>The <CODE>lp</CODE> and <CODE>lpr</CODE> commands allow you to pass
 192 printer options using the <CODE>-o</CODE> option:
 193
 194 <UL><PRE>
 195 <B>lp -o landscape -o scaling=75 -o media=A4 filename.jpg
 196 <B>lpr -o landscape -o scaling=75 -o media=A4 filename.jpg
 197 </PRE></UL>
 198
 199 <P>The available printer options vary depending on the printer. The standard
 200 options are described in <A HREF="#STANDARD_OPTIONS">Chapter 3, "Standard
 201 Printing Options"</A>.
 202
 203 <H2>Printing Multiple Copies</H2>
 204
 205 <P>Both the <CODE>lp</CODE> and <CODE>lpr</CODE> commands have options for
 206 printing more than one copy of a file:
 207
 208 <UL><PRE>
 209 <B>lp -n <I>num-copies</I> filename ENTER</B>
 210 <B>lpr -#<I>num-copies</I> filename ENTER</B>
 211 </PRE></UL>
 212
 213 <P>Copies are normally <I>not</I> collated for you. Use the <CODE>-o
 214 Collate=True</CODE> option to get collated copies :
 215
 216 <UL><PRE>
 217 <B>lp -n <I>num-copies</I> -o Collate=True filename ENTER</B>
 218 <B>lpr -#<I>num-copies</I> -o Collate=True filename ENTER</B>
 219 </PRE></UL>
 220
 221 <!-- NEED 3in -->
 222 <H2>Checking the Printer Status from the Command-Line</H2>
 223
 224 <P>The <CODE>lpstat</CODE> command can be used to check for jobs that you
 225 have submitted for printing:
 226
 227 <UL><PRE>
 228 <B>lpstat ENTER</B>
 229 Printer-1 johndoe 4427776
 230 Printer-2 johndoe 15786
 231 Printer-3 johndoe 372842
 232 </PRE></UL>
 233
 234 <P>The jobs are listed in the order they will be printed. Use the
 235 <CODE>-p</CODE> option to see which files and printers are active:
 236
 237 <UL><PRE>
 238 <B>lpstat -p ENTER</B>
 239 printer DeskJet now printing DeskJet-1.
 240 </PRE></UL>
 241
 242 <!-- NEED 2in -->
 243 <P>Use the <CODE>-o</CODE> and <CODE>-p</CODE> options together to show
 244 the jobs and the printers:
 245
 246 <UL><PRE>
 247 <B>lpstat -o -p ENTER</B>
 248 Printer-1 johndoe 4427776
 249 Printer-2 johndoe 15786
 250 Printer-3 johndoe 372842
 251 printer DeskJet now printing DeskJet-1.
 252 </PRE></UL>
 253
 254 <H2>Checking the Printer Status from the Web</H2>
 255
 256 <P>Since CUPS uses the Internet Printing Protocol, it is also a
 257 fully-functional web server. To use your web browser to monitor the
 258 printers on your system, open the URL:
 259
 260 <UL><PRE>
 261 <A HREF="http://localhost:631">http://localhost:631</A>
 262 </PRE></UL>
 263
 264 <P>From there you can view the status of classes, jobs, and printers
 265 with the click of a button!
 266
 267 <H2>Canceling a Print Job</H2>
 268
 269 <P>The <CODE>cancel(1)</CODE> and <CODE>lprm(1)</CODE> commands cancel
 270 a print job:
 271
 272 <UL><PRE>
 273 <B>cancel <I>job-id</I> ENTER</B>
 274 <B>lprm <I>job-id</I> ENTER</B>
 275 </PRE></UL>
 276
 277 <P>The <CODE>job-id</CODE> is the number that was reported to you by
 278 the <CODE>lp</CODE> or <CODE>lpstat</CODE> commands.
 279
 280
 281 <H1 ALIGN="RIGHT"><A NAME="STANDARD_OPTIONS">3 - Standard Printer Options</A></H1>
 282
 283 <P>This chapter describes the standard printer options that are available
 284 when printing with the <CODE>lp</CODE> and <CODE>lpr</CODE> commands.
 285
 286 <H2>General Options</H2>
 287
 288 <P>The following options apply when printing all types of files.
 289
 290 <H3>Setting the Orientation</H3>
 291
 292 <P>The <CODE>-o landscape</CODE> option will rotate the page 90 degrees
 293 to print in landscape orientation:
 294
 295 <UL><PRE>
 296 <B>lp -o landscape filename ENTER</B>
 297 <B>lpr -o landscape filename ENTER</B>
 298 </PRE></UL>
 299
 300 <!-- NEED 2in -->
 301 <H3>Selecting the Media Size, Type, and Source</H3>
 302
 303 <P>The <CODE>-o media=xyz</CODE> option sets the media size, type,
 304 and/or source:
 305
 306 <UL><PRE>
 307 <B>lp -o media=Letter filename ENTER</B>
 308 <B>lp -o media=Letter,MultiPurpose filename ENTER</B>
 309 <B>lpr -o media=Letter,Transparency filename ENTER</B>
 310 <B>lpr -o media=Letter,MultiPurpose,Transparency filename ENTER</B>
 311 </PRE></UL>
 312
 313 <!-- NEED 3in -->
 314 <P>The available media sizes, types, and sources depend on the printer, but
 315 most support the following options (case is not significant):
 316
 317 <UL>
 318
 319         <LI><CODE>Letter</CODE> - US Letter (8.5x11 inches, or 216x279mm)
 320
 321         <LI><CODE>Legal</CODE> - US Legal (8.5x14 inches, or 216x356mm)
 322
 323         <LI><CODE>A4</CODE> - ISO A4 (8.27x11.69 inches, or 210x297mm)
 324
 325         <LI><CODE>COM10</CODE> - US #10 Envelope (9.5x4.125 inches, or
 326         241x105mm)
 327
 328         <LI><CODE>DL</CODE> - ISO DL Envelope (8.66x4.33 inches, or 220x110mm)
 329
 330         <LI><CODE>Transparency</CODE> - Transparency media type or source
 331
 332         <LI><CODE>Upper</CODE> - Upper paper tray
 333
 334         <LI><CODE>Lower</CODE> - Lower paper tray
 335
 336         <LI><CODE>MultiPurpose</CODE> - Multi-purpose paper tray
 337
 338         <LI><CODE>LargeCapacity</CODE> - Large capacity paper tray
 339
 340 </UL>
 341
 342 <P>The actual options supported are defined in the printer's PPD file
 343 in the <CODE>PageSize</CODE>, <CODE>InputSlot</CODE>, and
 344 <CODE>MediaType</CODE> options.
 345
 346 <H3>Viewing Options for a Specific Printer</H3>
 347
 348 <P>You can display the supported options using the <CODE>lpoptions</CODE>
 349 command with the <CODE>-l</CODE> option, as follows:
 350
 351 <UL><PRE>
 352 <B>lpoptions -p laserjet -l ENTER</B>
 353 </UL></PRE>
 354
 355 <H3>Printing On Both Sides of the Paper</H3>
 356
 357 <P>The <CODE>-o sides=two-sided-short-edge</CODE> and <CODE>-o
 358 sides=two-sided-long-edge</CODE> options will enable duplexing on the
 359 printer, if the printer supports it. The <CODE>-o
 360 sides=two-sided-short-edge</CODE> option is suitable for landscape
 361 pages, while the <CODE>-o sides=two-sided-long-edge</CODE> option is
 362 suitable for portrait pages:
 363
 364 <UL><PRE>
 365 <B>lp -o sides=two-sided-short-edge filename ENTER</B>
 366 <B>lp -o sides=two-sided-long-edge filename ENTER</B>
 367 <B>lpr -o sides=two-sided-long-edge filename ENTER</B>
 368 </PRE></UL>
 369
 370 <P>The default is to print single-sided:
 371
 372 <UL><PRE>
 373 <B>lp -o sides=one-sided filename ENTER</B>
 374 <B>lpr -o sides=one-sided filename ENTER</B>
 375 </PRE></UL>
 376
 377 <H2>Banner Options</H2>
 378
 379 <P>The following options apply when printing all types of files.
 380
 381 <H3>Selecting the Banner Page(s)</H3>
 382
 383 <P>The <CODE>-o jobsheets=start,end</CODE> option sets the banner page(s) to
 384 use for a job:
 385
 386 <UL><PRE>
 387 <B>lp -o job-sheets=none filename ENTER</B>
 388 <B>lp -o job-sheets=standard filename ENTER</B>
 389 <B>lpr -o job-sheets=classified,classified filename ENTER</B>
 390 </PRE></UL>
 391
 392 <P>If only one banner file is specified, it will be printed before the
 393 files in the job. If a second banner file is specified, it is printed after
 394 the files in the job.
 395
 396 <P>The available banner pages depend on the local system configuration; CUPS
 397 includes the following banner files:
 398
 399 <UL>
 400
 401         <LI><CODE>none</CODE> - Do not produce a banner page.
 402
 403         <LI><CODE>classified</CODE> - A banner page with a "classified"
 404         label at the top and bottom.
 405
 406         <LI><CODE>confidential</CODE> - A banner page with a
 407         "confidential" label at the top and bottom.
 408
 409         <LI><CODE>secret</CODE> - A banner page with a "secret" label
 410         at the top and bottom.
 411
 412         <LI><CODE>standard</CODE> - A banner page with no label at the
 413         top and bottom.
 414
 415         <LI><CODE>topsecret</CODE> - A banner page with a "top secret"
 416         label at the top and bottom.
 417
 418         <LI><CODE>unclassified</CODE> - A banner page with an
 419         "unclassified" label at the top and bottom.
 420
 421 </UL>
 422
 423 <H2>Document Options</H2>
 424
 425 <P>The following options apply when printing all types of files.
 426
 427 <H3>Selecting a Range of Pages</H3>
 428
 429 <P>The <CODE>-o page-ranges=pages</CODE> option selects a range of
 430 pages for printing:
 431
 432 <UL><PRE>
 433 <B>lp -o page-ranges=1 filename ENTER</B>
 434 <B>lp -o page-ranges=1-4 filename ENTER</B>
 435 <B>lp -o page-ranges=1-4,7,9-12 filename ENTER</B>
 436 <B>lpr -o page-ranges=1-4,7,9-12 filename ENTER</B>
 437 </PRE></UL>
 438
 439 <P>As shown above, the <CODE>pages</CODE> value can be a single page, a
 440 range of pages, or a collection of page numbers and ranges separated by
 441 commas. The pages will always be printed in ascending order, regardless
 442 of the order of the pages in the <CODE>page-ranges</CODE> option.
 443
 444 <P>The default is to print all pages.
 445
 446 <H3>Selecting Even or Odd Pages</H3>
 447
 448 <P>Use the <CODE>-o page-set=set</CODE> option to select the even or odd pages:
 449
 450 <UL><PRE>
 451 <B>lp -o page-set=odd filename ENTER</B>
 452 <B>lp -o page-set=even filename ENTER</B>
 453 <B>lpr -o page-set=even filename ENTER</B>
 454 </PRE></UL>
 455
 456 <P>The default is to print all pages.
 457
 458 <H3>N-Up Printing</H3>
 459
 460 <P>The <CODE>-o number-up=value</CODE> option selects N-Up printing.
 461 N-Up printing places multiple document pages on a single printed page.
 462 CUPS supports 1-Up, 2-Up, and 4-Up formats:
 463
 464 <UL><PRE>
 465 <B>lp -o number-up=1 filename ENTER</B>
 466 <B>lp -o number-up=2 filename ENTER</B>
 467 <B>lp -o number-up=4 filename ENTER</B>
 468 <B>lpr -o number-up=4 filename ENTER</B>
 469 </PRE></UL>
 470
 471 <P>The default format is 1-Up.
 472
 473 <H3>Setting the Brightness</H3>
 474
 475 <P>You can control the overall brightness of the printed output using the
 476 <CODE>-o brightness=percent</CODE> option:
 477
 478 <UL><PRE>
 479 <B>lp -o brightness=120 filename ENTER</B>
 480 <B>lpr -o brightness=120 filename ENTER</B>
 481 </PRE></UL>
 482
 483 <P>Values greater than 100 will lighten the print, while values less than
 484 100 will darken it.
 485
 486 <H3>Setting the Gamma Correction</H3>
 487
 488 <P>You can control the overall gamma correction of the printed output
 489 using the <CODE>-o gamma=value</CODE> option:
 490
 491 <UL><PRE>
 492 <B>lp -o gamma=1700 filename ENTER</B>
 493 <B>lpr -o gamma=1700 filename ENTER</B>
 494 </PRE></UL>
 495
 496 <P>Values greater than 1000 will lighten the print, while values less
 497 than 1000 will darken it. The default gamma is 1000.
 498
 499 <H2>Text Options</H2>
 500
 501 <P>The following options apply when printing text files.
 502
 503 <H3>Setting the Number of Characters Per Inch</H3>
 504
 505 <P>The <CODE>-o cpi=value</CODE> option sets the number of characters per inch:
 506
 507 <UL><PRE>
 508 <B>lp -o cpi=10 filename ENTER</B>
 509 <B>lp -o cpi=12 filename ENTER</B>
 510 <B>lpr -o cpi=17 filename ENTER</B>
 511 </PRE></UL>
 512
 513 <P>The default characters per inch is 10.
 514
 515 <H3>Setting the Number of Lines Per Inch</H3>
 516
 517 <P>The <CODE>-o lpi=value</CODE> option sets the number of lines per inch:
 518
 519 <UL><PRE>
 520 <B>lp -o lpi=6 filename ENTER</B>
 521 <B>lpr -o lpi=8 filename ENTER</B>
 522 </PRE></UL>
 523
 524 <P>The default lines per inch is 6.
 525
 526 <H3>Setting the Number of Columns</H3>
 527
 528 <P>The <CODE>-o columns=value</CODE> option sets the number of text columns:
 529
 530 <UL><PRE>
 531 <B>lp -o columns=2 filename ENTER</B>
 532 <B>lpr -o columns=3 filename ENTER</B>
 533 </PRE></UL>
 534
 535 <P>The default number of columns is 1.
 536
 537 <H3>Setting the Page Margins</H3>
 538
 539 <P>Normally the page margins are set to the hard limits of the printer.
 540 Use the <CODE>-o page-left=value</CODE>, <CODE>-o
 541 page-right=value</CODE>, <CODE>-o page-top=value</CODE>, and <CODE>-o
 542 page-bottom=value</CODE> options to adjust the page margins:
 543
 544 <UL><PRE>
 545 <B>lp -o page-left=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 546 <B>lp -o page-right=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 547 <B>lp -o page-top=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 548 <B>lp -o page-bottom=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 549 <B>lpr -o page-bottom=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 550 </PRE></UL>
 551
 552 <P>The <CODE>value</CODE> argument is the margin in points; each point is 1/72 inch
 553 or 0.35mm.
 554
 555 <H3>Pretty Printing</H3>
 556
 557 <P>The <CODE>-o prettyprint</CODE> option puts a header at the top of each page with the
 558 page number, job title (usually the filename), and the date. Also, C and C++
 559 keywords are highlighted, and comment lines are italicized:
 560
 561 <UL><PRE>
 562 <B>lp -o prettyprint filename ENTER</B>
 563 <B>lpr -o prettyprint filename ENTER</B>
 564 </PRE></UL>
 565
 566 <H2>Image Options</H2>
 567
 568 <P>The following options apply when printing image files.
 569
 570 <H3>Positioning the Image</H3>
 571
 572 <P>The <CODE>-o position=name</CODE> option specifies the position of the
 573 image on the page:
 574
 575 <UL>
 576
 577         <LI><CODE>center</CODE> - Center the image on the page (default)
 578
 579         <LI><CODE>top</CODE> - Print the image centered at the top of the page
 580
 581         <LI><CODE>left</CODE> - Print the image centered on the left of page
 582
 583         <LI><CODE>right</CODE> - Print the image centered on the right of the page
 584
 585         <LI><CODE>top-left</CODE> - Print the image at the top left corner of
 586         the page
 587
 588         <LI><CODE>top-right</CODE> - Print the image at the top right corner of
 589         the page
 590
 591         <LI><CODE>bottom</CODE> - Print the image centered at the bottom of
 592         the page
 593
 594         <LI><CODE>bottom-left</CODE> - Print the image at the bottom left
 595         corner of the page
 596
 597         <LI><CODE>bottom-right</CODE> - Print the image at the bottom right
 598         corner of the page
 599
 600 </UL>
 601
 602 <H3>Scaling the Image</H3>
 603
 604 <P>The <CODE>-o scaling=percent</CODE>, <CODE>-o
 605 ppi=value</CODE>, and <CODE>-o natural-scaling=percent</CODE>
 606 options change the size of a printed image:
 607
 608 <UL><PRE>
 609 <B>lp -o scaling=<I>percent</I> filename ENTER</B>
 610 <B>lp -o ppi=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 611 <B>lpr -o natural-scaling=<I>percent</I> filename ENTER</B>
 612 </PRE></UL>
 613
 614 <P>The <CODE>scaling=percent</CODE> value is a number from 1 to 800
 615 specifying the size in relation to the page (<I>not</I> the image.) A
 616 scaling of 100 percent will fill the page as completely as the image
 617 aspect ratio allows. A scaling of 200 percent will print on up to 4
 618 pages.
 619
 620 <P>The <CODE>ppi=value</CODE> value is a number from 1 to 1200 specifying the
 621 resolution of the image in pixels per inch. An image that is 3000x2400
 622 pixels will print 10x8 inches at 300 pixels per inch, for example. If
 623 the specified resolution makes the image larger than the page, multiple
 624 pages will be printed to satisfy the request.
 625
 626 <P>The <CODE>natural-scaling=percent</CODE> value is a number
 627 from 1 to 800 specifying the size in relation to the natural
 628 image size. A scaling of 100 percent will print the image at its
 629 natural size, while a scaling of 50 percent will print the image
 630 at half its natural size. If the specified scaling makes the
 631 image larger than the page, multiple pages will be printed to
 632 satisfy the request.
 633
 634 <H3>Adjusting the Hue (Tint) of an Image</H3>
 635
 636 <P>The <CODE>-o hue=value</CODE> option will adjust the hue of the
 637 printed image, much like the tint control on your television:
 638
 639 <UL><PRE>
 640 <B>lp -o hue=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 641 <B>lpr -o hue=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 642 </PRE></UL>
 643
 644 <!-- NEED 3in -->
 645 <P>The <CODE>value</CODE> argument is a number from -360 to 360 and represents the
 646 color hue rotation. The following table summarizes the change you'll see with
 647 different colors:
 648
 649 <CENTER><TABLE WIDTH="50%" BORDER="1">
 650 <TR>
 651         <TH>Original</TH>
 652         <TH>hue=-45</TH>
 653         <TH>hue=45</TH>
 654 </TR>
 655 <TR>
 656         <TD>Red</TD>
 657         <TD>Purple</TD>
 658         <TD>Yellow-orange</TD>
 659 </TR>
 660 <TR>
 661         <TD>Green</TD>
 662         <TD>Yellow-green</TD>
 663         <TD>Blue-green</TD>
 664 </TR>
 665 <TR>
 666         <TD>Yellow</TD>
 667         <TD>Orange</TD>
 668         <TD>Green-yellow</TD>
 669 </TR>
 670 <TR>
 671         <TD>Blue</TD>
 672         <TD>Sky-blue</TD>
 673         <TD>Purple</TD>
 674 </TR>
 675 <TR>
 676         <TD>Magenta</TD>
 677         <TD>Indigo</TD>
 678         <TD>Crimson</TD>
 679 </TR>
 680 <TR>
 681         <TD>Cyan</TD>
 682         <TD>Blue-green</TD>
 683         <TD>Light-navy-blue</TD>
 684 </TR>
 685 </TABLE></CENTER>
 686
 687 <P>The default hue adjustment is 0.
 688
 689 <H3>Adjusting the Saturation (Color) of an Image</H3>
 690
 691 <P>The <CODE>-o saturation=percent</CODE> option adjusts the saturation
 692 of the colors in an image, much like the color knob on your television:
 693
 694 <UL><PRE>
 695 <B>lp -o saturation=<I>percent</I> filename ENTER</B>
 696 <B>lpr -o saturation=<I>percent</I> filename ENTER</B>
 697 </PRE></UL>
 698
 699 <P>The <CODE>percent</CODE> argument specifies the color saturation
 700 from 0 to 200. A color saturation of 0 produces a black-and-white
 701 print, while a value of 200 will make the colors extremely intense.
 702
 703 <P>The default saturation is 100.
 704
 705 <!-- NEED 4in -->
 706 <H2>HP-GL/2 Options</H2>
 707
 708 <P>The following options apply to HP-GL/2 files.
 709
 710 <H3>Printing in Black</H3>
 711
 712 <P>The <CODE>-o blackplot</CODE> option specifies that all pens should
 713 plot in black:
 714
 715 <UL><PRE>
 716 <B>lp -o blackplot filename ENTER</B>
 717 <B>lpr -o blackplot filename ENTER</B>
 718 </PRE></UL>
 719
 720 <P>The default is to use the colors defined in the plot file or the
 721 standard pen colors defined in the HP-GL/2 reference manual from
 722 Hewlett Packard.
 723
 724 <H3>Fitting the Plot on the Page</H3>
 725
 726 <P>The <CODE>-o fitplot</CODE> option specifies that the plot should be
 727 scaled to fit on the page:
 728
 729 <UL><PRE>
 730 <B>lp -o fitplot filename ENTER</B>
 731 <B>lpr -o fitplot filename ENTER</B>
 732 </PRE></UL>
 733
 734 <P>The default is to use the absolute distances specified in the plot
 735 file.
 736
 737 <CENTER><TABLE WIDTH="80%" CELLPADDING="5" BORDER="1" BGCOLOR="#cccccc">
 738 <TR>
 739         <TD>
 740         <B>NOTE:</B>
 741
 742         <P>This feature depends upon an accurate plot size (<CODE>PS</CODE>)
 743         command in the HP-GL/2 file. If no plot size is given in the file
 744         than the HP-GL/2 filter assumes the plot is ANSI E size.
 745         </TD>
 746 </TR>
 747 </TABLE></CENTER>
 748
 749 <H3>Setting the Default Pen Width</H3>
 750
 751 <P>The <CODE>-o penwidth=value</CODE> option specifies the default pen
 752 width for HP-GL/2 files:
 753
 754 <UL><PRE>
 755 <B>lp -o penwidth=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 756 <B>lpr -o penwidth=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
 757 </PRE></UL>
 758
 759 <P>The pen width <CODE>value</CODE> specifies the pen width in micrometers.
 760 The default value of 1000 produces lines that are 1 millimeter in width.
 761 Specifying a pen width of 0 produces lines that are exactly 1 pixel wide.
 762
 763 <CENTER><TABLE WIDTH="80%" CELLPADDING="5" BORDER="1" BGCOLOR="#cccccc">
 764 <TR>
 765         <TD>
 766         <B>NOTE:</B>
 767
 768         <P>This option is ignored when the pen widths are set in the
 769         plot file.
 770         </TD>
 771 </TR>
 772 </TABLE></CENTER>
 773
 774 <H2>Raw or Unfiltered Output</H2>
 775
 776 <P>The <CODE>-o raw</CODE> option allows you to send files directly to
 777 a printer without filtering. This is sometimes required when printing
 778 from applications that provide their own "printer drivers" for your
 779 printer:
 780
 781 <UL><PRE>
 782 <B>lp -o raw filename ENTER</B>
 783 <B>lpr -o raw filename ENTER</B>
 784 </PRE></UL>
 785
 786 <P>The <CODE>-l</CODE> option can also be used with the
 787 <CODE>lpr</CODE> command to send files directly to a printer:
 788
 789 <UL><PRE>
 790 <B>lpr -l filename ENTER</B>
 791 </PRE></UL>
 792
 793
 794 <H1 ALIGN="RIGHT"><A NAME="SAVING_OPTIONS">4 - Saving Printer Options and Defaults</A></H1>
 795
 796 <P>This chapter describes how to save printer options for your printer and
 797 set your own default printer.
 798
 799 <H2>Printer Options</H2>
 800
 801 <P>Each printer supports a large number of options, which you learned about
 802 in <A HREF="#STANDARD_OPTIONS">Chapter 3, "Standard Printer Options"</A>.
 803 Rather than specifying these options each time you print a file, CUPS allows
 804 you to save them as "default" options for the printer.
 805
 806 <P>The <CODE>lpoptions(1)</CODE> command saves the options for your printers.
 807 Like the <CODE>lp</CODE> and <CODE>lpr</CODE> commands, it accepts printer
 808 options using the <CODE>-o</CODE> argument:
 809
 810 <UL><PRE>
 811 <B>lpoptions -o media=A4 -o sides=two-sided-long-edge ENTER</B>
 812 <B>lpoptions -o media=Legal -o scaling=100 ENTER</B>
 813 </PRE></UL>
 814
 815 <P>Once saved, any <CODE>lp</CODE> or <CODE>lpr</CODE> command will
 816 use them when you print.
 817
 818 <H2>Setting Options for a Specific Printer</H2>
 819
 820 <P>The previous example shows how to set the options for the default
 821 printer. The <CODE>-p printer</CODE> option specifies the options are
 822 for another printer:
 823
 824 <UL><PRE>
 825 <B>lpoptions -p laserjet -o media=A4 -o sides=two-sided-long-edge ENTER</B>
 826 <B>lpoptions -p deskjet -o media=Legal -o scaling=100 ENTER</B>
 827 </PRE></UL>
 828
 829 <H2>Viewing the Current Defaults</H2>
 830
 831 <P>The <CODE>lpoptions</CODE> command can also be used to show the current
 832 options by not specifying any new options on the command-line:
 833
 834 <UL><PRE>
 835 <B>lpoptions ENTER</B>
 836 media=A4 sides=two-sided-long-edge
 837 <B>lpoptions -p deskjet ENTER</B>
 838 media=Legal scaling=100
 839 </PRE></UL>
 840
 841 <H2>Setting the Default Printer</H2>
 842
 843 <P>The administrator normally will set a system-wide default printer
 844 that is normally used as the default printer by everyone. Use the
 845 <CODE>-d printer</CODE> option to set your own default printer:
 846
 847 <UL><PRE>
 848 <B>lpoptions -d deskjet ENTER</B>
 849 </PRE></UL>
 850
 851 <P>The printer can be local (<CODE>deskjet</CODE>) or remote
 852 (<CODE>deskjet@server</CODE>).
 853
 854 <H2>Printer Instances</H2>
 855
 856 <P>Besides setting options for each print queue, CUPS supports
 857 <I>printer instances</I> which allow you to define several different
 858 sets of options for each printer. You specify a printer instance using
 859 the slash (<CODE>/</CODE>) character:
 860
 861 <UL><PRE>
 862 <B>lpoptions -p laserjet/duplex -o sides=two-sided-long-edge ENTER</B>
 863 <B>lpoptions -p laserjet/legal -o media=Legal ENTER</B>
 864 </PRE></UL>
 865
 866 <P>The <CODE>lp</CODE> and </CODE>lpr</CODE> commands also understand
 867 this notation:
 868
 869 <UL><PRE>
 870 <B>lp -d laserjet/duplex filename ENTER</B>
 871 <B>lpr -P laserjet/legal filename ENTER</B>
 872 </PRE></UL>
 873
 874 <H2>Removing Instances</H2>
 875
 876 <P>Use the <CODE>-x printer/instance</CODE> option to remove a printer
 877 instance that you no longer need:
 878
 879 <UL><PRE>
 880 <B>lpoptions -x laserjet ENTER</B>
 881 <B>lpoptions -x laserjet/duplex ENTER</B>
 882 <B>lpoptions -x laserjet/legal ENTER</B>
 883 </PRE></UL>
 884
 885 <P>The <CODE>-x</CODE> option only removes the default options for that
 886 printer and instance; the original print queue will remain until deleted
 887 with the <CODE>lpadmin(8)</CODE> command by the administrator.
 888
 889
 890 <H1 ALIGN="RIGHT"><A NAME="LICENSE">A - Software License
 891 Agreement</A></H1>
 892
 893 <EMBED SRC="../LICENSE.html">
 894
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 896 </HTML>