which is managed in a similar manner to DDF, and is supported by an
option-rom on some platforms:
.IP
-.B http://www.intel.com/design/chipsets/matrixstorage_sb.htm
+.B https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/products/122484/memory-and-storage/ssd-software/intel-virtual-raid-on-cpu-intel-vroc.html
.PP
.RE
size, though if there is a variance among the drives of greater than 1%, a warning is
issued.
-A suffix of 'K', 'M' or 'G' can be given to indicate Kilobytes, Megabytes or
-Gigabytes respectively.
+A suffix of 'K', 'M', 'G' or 'T' can be given to indicate Kilobytes,
+Megabytes, Gigabytes or Terabytes respectively.
Sometimes a replacement drive can be a little smaller than the
original drives though this should be minimised by IDEMA standards.
.B "\-\-grow \-\-array\-size="
command.
-A suffix of 'K', 'M' or 'G' can be given to indicate Kilobytes, Megabytes or
-Gigabytes respectively.
+A suffix of 'K', 'M', 'G' or 'T' can be given to indicate Kilobytes,
+Megabytes, Gigabytes or Terabytes respectively.
A value of
.B max
restores the apparent size of the array to be whatever the real
RAID4, RAID5, RAID6, and RAID10 require the chunk size to be a power
of 2. In any case it must be a multiple of 4KB.
-A suffix of 'K', 'M' or 'G' can be given to indicate Kilobytes, Megabytes or
-Gigabytes respectively.
+A suffix of 'K', 'M', 'G' or 'T' can be given to indicate Kilobytes,
+Megabytes, Gigabytes or Terabytes respectively.
.TP
.BR \-\-rounding=
bitmap, the chunksize defaults to 64Meg, or larger if necessary to
fit the bitmap into the available space.
-A suffix of 'K', 'M' or 'G' can be given to indicate Kilobytes, Megabytes or
-Gigabytes respectively.
+A suffix of 'K', 'M', 'G' or 'T' can be given to indicate Kilobytes,
+Megabytes, Gigabytes or Terabytes respectively.
.TP
.BR \-W ", " \-\-write\-mostly
which computed a different offset.
Setting the offset explicitly over-rides the default. The value given
-is in Kilobytes unless a suffix of 'K', 'M' or 'G' is used to explicitly
-indicate Kilobytes, Megabytes or Gigabytes respectively.
+is in Kilobytes unless a suffix of 'K', 'M', 'G' or 'T' is used to explicitly
+indicate Kilobytes, Megabytes, Gigabytes or Terabytes respectively.
Since Linux 3.4,
.B \-\-data\-offset
.BR no\-ppl ,
.BR layout\-original ,
.BR layout\-alternate ,
+.BR layout\-unspecified ,
.BR metadata ,
or
.BR super\-minor .
.B layout\-original
and
.B layout\-alternate
-options are for RAID0 arrays in use before Linux 5.4. If the array was being
-used with Linux 3.13 or earlier, then to assemble the array on a new kernel,
+options are for RAID0 arrays with non-uniform devices size that were in
+use before Linux 5.4. If the array was being used with Linux 3.13 or
+earlier, then to assemble the array on a new kernel,
.B \-\-update=layout\-original
must be given. If the array was created and used with a kernel from Linux 3.14 to
Linux 5.3, then
For more information, see
.IR md (4).
+The
+.B layout\-unspecified
+option reverts the effect of
+.B layout\-orignal
+or
+.B layout\-alternate
+and allows the array to be again used on a kernel prior to Linux 5.3.
+This option should be used with great caution.
+
.TP
.BR \-\-freeze\-reshape
Option is intended to be used in start-up scripts during initrd boot phase.
.TP
.B \-\-examine\-badblocks
List the bad-blocks recorded for the device, if a bad-blocks list has
-been configured. Currently only
+been configured. Currently only
.B 1.x
-metadata supports bad-blocks lists.
+and
+.B IMSM
+metadata support bad-blocks lists.
.TP
.BI \-\-dump= directory
.IP \(bu 4
Roaming between Windows(R) and Linux systems for IMSM metadata is not
supported during grow process.
+.IP \(bu 4
+When growing a raid0 device, the new component disk size (or external
+backup size) should be larger than LCM(old, new) * chunk-size * 2,
+where LCM() is the least common multiple of the old and new count of
+component disks, and "* 2" comes from the fact that mdadm refuses to
+use more than half of a spare device for backup space.
.SS SIZE CHANGES
Normally when an array is built the "size" is taken from the smallest
.SS CHUNK-SIZE AND LAYOUT CHANGES
-Changing the chunk-size of layout without also changing the number of
+Changing the chunk-size or layout without also changing the number of
devices as the same time will involve re-writing all blocks in-place.
To ensure against data loss in the case of a crash, a
.B --backup-file
For further information on mdadm usage, MD and the various levels of
RAID, see:
.IP
-.B http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/
+.B https://raid.wiki.kernel.org/
.PP
(based upon Jakob \(/Ostergaard's Software\-RAID.HOWTO)
.PP
.I mdadm
should always be available from
.IP
-.B http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/raid/mdadm/
+.B https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/raid/mdadm/
.PP
Related man pages:
.PP