Linear and RAID levels 0/1/4/5/6,
changing the RAID level between 0, 1, 5, and 6, and between 0 and 10,
changing the chunk size and layout for RAID 0,4,5,6,10 as well as adding or
-removing a write-intent bitmap.
+removing a write-intent bitmap and changing the array's consistency policy.
.TP
.B "Incremental Assembly"
restores the apparent size of the array to be whatever the real
amount of available space is.
+Clustered arrays do not support this parameter yet.
+
.TP
.BR \-c ", " \-\-chunk=
Specify chunk size of kilobytes. The default when creating an
.I mdadm
automatically adds an internal bitmap as it will usually be
beneficial. This can be suppressed with
-.B "\-\-bitmap=none".
+.B "\-\-bitmap=none"
+or by selecting a different consistency policy with
+.BR \-\-consistency\-policy .
.TP
.BR \-\-bitmap\-chunk=
Start the array
.B read only
rather than read-write as normal. No writes will be allowed to the
-array, and no resync, recovery, or reshape will be started.
+array, and no resync, recovery, or reshape will be started. It works with
+Create, Assemble, Manage and Misc mode.
.TP
.BR \-a ", " "\-\-auto{=yes,md,mdp,part,p}{NN}"
Auto creation of symlinks in /dev to /dev/md, option --symlinks must
be 'no' or 'yes' and work with --create and --build.
+.TP
+.BR \-k ", " \-\-consistency\-policy=
+Specify how the array maintains consistency in case of unexpected shutdown.
+Only relevant for RAID levels with redundancy.
+Currently supported options are:
+.RS
+
+.TP
+.B resync
+Full resync is performed and all redundancy is regenerated when the array is
+started after unclean shutdown.
+
+.TP
+.B bitmap
+Resync assisted by a write-intent bitmap. Implicitly selected when using
+.BR \-\-bitmap .
+
+.TP
+.B journal
+For RAID levels 4/5/6, journal device is used to log transactions and replay
+after unclean shutdown. Implicitly selected when using
+.BR \-\-write\-journal .
+
+.TP
+.B ppl
+For RAID5 only, Partial Parity Log is used to close the write hole and
+eliminate resync. PPL is stored in the metadata region of RAID member drives,
+no additional journal drive is needed.
+
+.PP
+Can be used with \-\-grow to change the consistency policy of an active array
+in some cases. See CONSISTENCY POLICY CHANGES below.
+.RE
+
.SH For assemble:
.BR no\-bitmap ,
.BR bbl ,
.BR no\-bbl ,
+.BR ppl ,
+.BR no\-ppl ,
.BR metadata ,
or
.BR super\-minor .
The
.B byteorder
option allows arrays to be moved between machines with different
-byte-order.
+byte-order, such as from a big-endian machine like a Sparc or some
+MIPS machines, to a little-endian x86_64 machine.
When assembling such an array for the first time after a move, giving
.B "\-\-update=byteorder"
will cause
removed. If the bad block list contains entries, this will fail, as
removing the list could cause data corruption.
+The
+.B ppl
+option will enable PPL for a RAID5 array and reserve space for PPL on each
+device. There must be enough free space between the data and superblock and a
+write-intent bitmap or journal must not be used.
+
+The
+.B no\-ppl
+option will disable PPL in the superblock.
+
.TP
.BR \-\-freeze\-reshape
Option is intended to be used in start-up scripts during initrd boot phase.
will automatically be added unless some other option is explicitly
requested with the
.B \-\-bitmap
-option. In any case space for a bitmap will be reserved so that one
-can be added layer with
+option or a different consistency policy is selected with the
+.B \-\-consistency\-policy
+option. In any case space for a bitmap will be reserved so that one
+can be added later with
.BR "\-\-grow \-\-bitmap=internal" .
If the metadata type supports it (currently only 1.x metadata), space
.TP
.B \-\-readonly
-start the array readonly \(em not supported yet.
+start the array in readonly mode.
.SH MANAGE MODE
.HP 12
.B \-U
or
.B \-\-update=
-option. Currently only
-.B name
-is supported.
+option. The supported options are
+.BR name ,
+.B ppl
+and
+.BR no\-ppl .
The
.B name
would change the UUID of an active subarray this operation is blocked,
and the command will end in an error.
+The
+.B ppl
+and
+.B no\-ppl
+options enable and disable PPL in the metadata. Currently supported only for
+IMSM subarrays.
+
.TP
.B \-\-examine
The device should be a component of an md array.
.IP \(bu 4
add a write-intent bitmap to any array which supports these bitmaps, or
remove a write-intent bitmap from such an array.
+.IP \(bu 4
+change the array's consistency policy.
.PP
Using GROW on containers is currently supported only for Intel's IMSM
in a filesystem that is on the RAID array being affected, the system
will deadlock. The bitmap must be on a separate filesystem.
+.SS CONSISTENCY POLICY CHANGES
+
+The consistency policy of an active array can be changed by using the
+.B \-\-consistency\-policy
+option in Grow mode. Currently this works only for the
+.B ppl
+and
+.B resync
+policies and allows to enable or disable the RAID5 Partial Parity Log (PPL).
+
.SH INCREMENTAL MODE
.HP 12