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60918275
LP		 1/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8 -*-*/
2
a7334b09
LP		 3/***
4 This file is part of systemd.
5
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
7
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
12
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 General Public License for more details.
17
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
20***/
21
60918275
LP		 22#include <assert.h>
23#include <string.h>
24#include <unistd.h>
25#include <errno.h>
85261803 26#include <stdlib.h>
034c6ed7
LP		 27#include <signal.h>
28#include <stdio.h>
1dccbe19
LP		 29#include <syslog.h>
30#include <sched.h>
31#include <sys/resource.h>
ef886c6a 32#include <linux/sched.h>
a9f5d454
LP		 33#include <sys/types.h>
34#include <sys/stat.h>
3a0ecb08 35#include <fcntl.h>
a0d40ac5 36#include <dirent.h>
601f6a1e
LP		 37#include <sys/ioctl.h>
38#include <linux/vt.h>
39#include <linux/tiocl.h>
80876c20
LP		 40#include <termios.h>
41#include <stdarg.h>
42#include <sys/inotify.h>
43#include <sys/poll.h>
60918275
LP		 44
45#include "macro.h"
46#include "util.h"
1dccbe19
LP		 47#include "ioprio.h"
48#include "missing.h"
a9f5d454 49#include "log.h"
65d2ebdc 50#include "strv.h"
60918275 51
e05797fb
LP		 52bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
53
54 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
55
56 if (a && b)
57 return streq(a, b);
58
59 if (!a && !b)
60 return true;
61
62 return false;
63}
64
47be870b 65usec_t now(clockid_t clock_id) {
60918275
LP		 66 struct timespec ts;
67
47be870b 68 assert_se(clock_gettime(clock_id, &ts) == 0);
60918275
LP		 69
70 return timespec_load(&ts);
71}
72
73usec_t timespec_load(const struct timespec *ts) {
74 assert(ts);
75
76 return
77 (usec_t) ts->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
78 (usec_t) ts->tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC;
79}
80
81struct timespec *timespec_store(struct timespec *ts, usec_t u) {
82 assert(ts);
83
84 ts->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
85 ts->tv_nsec = (long int) ((u % USEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_USEC);
86
87 return ts;
88}
89
90usec_t timeval_load(const struct timeval *tv) {
91 assert(tv);
92
93 return
94 (usec_t) tv->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
95 (usec_t) tv->tv_usec;
96}
97
98struct timeval *timeval_store(struct timeval *tv, usec_t u) {
99 assert(tv);
100
101 tv->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
102 tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) (u % USEC_PER_SEC);
103
104 return tv;
105}
106
107bool endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
108 size_t sl, pl;
109
110 assert(s);
111 assert(postfix);
112
113 sl = strlen(s);
114 pl = strlen(postfix);
115
116 if (sl < pl)
117 return false;
118
119 return memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) == 0;
120}
121
122bool startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
123 size_t sl, pl;
124
125 assert(s);
126 assert(prefix);
127
128 sl = strlen(s);
129 pl = strlen(prefix);
130
131 if (sl < pl)
132 return false;
133
134 return memcmp(s, prefix, pl) == 0;
135}
136
79d6d816
LP		 137bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
138 size_t sl, wl;
139
140 assert(s);
141 assert(word);
142
143 sl = strlen(s);
144 wl = strlen(word);
145
146 if (sl < wl)
147 return false;
148
149 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
150 return false;
151
152 return (s[wl] == 0 ||
153 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]));
154}
155
42f4e3c4 156int close_nointr(int fd) {
60918275
LP		 157 assert(fd >= 0);
158
159 for (;;) {
160 int r;
161
162 if ((r = close(fd)) >= 0)
163 return r;
164
165 if (errno != EINTR)
166 return r;
167 }
168}
85261803 169
85f136b5 170void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
80876c20 171 int saved_errno = errno;
85f136b5
LP		 172
173 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
174 * is unchanged */
175
176 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
80876c20
LP		 177
178 errno = saved_errno;
85f136b5
LP		 179}
180
85261803
LP		 181int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
182 assert(v);
183
44d8db9e 184 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || !strcasecmp(v, "on"))
85261803 185 return 1;
44d8db9e 186 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || !strcasecmp(v, "off"))
85261803
LP		 187 return 0;
188
189 return -EINVAL;
190}
191
192int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
193 char *x = NULL;
034c6ed7 194 unsigned long l;
85261803
LP		 195
196 assert(s);
197 assert(ret_u);
198
199 errno = 0;
200 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
201
202 if (!x || *x || errno)
203 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
204
034c6ed7 205 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
85261803
LP		 206 return -ERANGE;
207
208 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
209 return 0;
210}
211
212int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
213 char *x = NULL;
034c6ed7 214 long l;
85261803
LP		 215
216 assert(s);
217 assert(ret_i);
218
219 errno = 0;
220 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
221
222 if (!x || *x || errno)
223 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
224
034c6ed7 225 if ((long) (int) l != l)
85261803
LP		 226 return -ERANGE;
227
034c6ed7
LP		 228 *ret_i = (int) l;
229 return 0;
230}
231
232int safe_atolu(const char *s, long unsigned *ret_lu) {
233 char *x = NULL;
234 unsigned long l;
235
236 assert(s);
237 assert(ret_lu);
238
239 errno = 0;
240 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
241
242 if (!x || *x || errno)
243 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
244
245 *ret_lu = l;
246 return 0;
247}
248
249int safe_atoli(const char *s, long int *ret_li) {
250 char *x = NULL;
251 long l;
252
253 assert(s);
254 assert(ret_li);
255
256 errno = 0;
257 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
258
259 if (!x || *x || errno)
260 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
261
262 *ret_li = l;
263 return 0;
264}
265
266int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
267 char *x = NULL;
268 unsigned long long l;
269
270 assert(s);
271 assert(ret_llu);
272
273 errno = 0;
274 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
275
276 if (!x || *x || errno)
277 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
278
279 *ret_llu = l;
280 return 0;
281}
282
283int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
284 char *x = NULL;
285 long long l;
286
287 assert(s);
288 assert(ret_lli);
289
290 errno = 0;
291 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
292
293 if (!x || *x || errno)
294 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
295
296 *ret_lli = l;
85261803
LP		 297 return 0;
298}
a41e8209 299
a41e8209 300/* Split a string into words. */
65d2ebdc 301char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
a41e8209
LP		 302 char *current;
303
304 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
305
306 if (!*current || *c == 0)
307 return NULL;
308
65d2ebdc
LP		 309 current += strspn(current, separator);
310 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
82919e3d
LP		 311 *state = current+*l;
312
313 return (char*) current;
314}
315
034c6ed7
LP		 316/* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
317 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
318char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
319 char *current;
320
321 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
322
323 if (!*current || *c == 0)
324 return NULL;
325
326 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
327
328 if (*current == '\'') {
329 current ++;
330 *l = strcspn(current, "'");
331 *state = current+*l;
332
333 if (**state == '\'')
334 (*state)++;
335 } else if (*current == '\"') {
336 current ++;
b858b600 337 *l = strcspn(current, "\"");
034c6ed7
LP		 338 *state = current+*l;
339
340 if (**state == '\"')
341 (*state)++;
342 } else {
343 *l = strcspn(current, WHITESPACE);
344 *state = current+*l;
345 }
346
44d8db9e
LP		 347 /* FIXME: Cannot deal with strings that have spaces AND ticks
348 * in them */
349
034c6ed7
LP		 350 return (char*) current;
351}
352
65d2ebdc
LP		 353char **split_path_and_make_absolute(const char *p) {
354 char **l;
355 assert(p);
356
357 if (!(l = strv_split(p, ":")))
358 return NULL;
359
360 if (!strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(l)) {
361 strv_free(l);
362 return NULL;
363 }
364
365 return l;
366}
367
034c6ed7
LP		 368int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
369 int r;
370 FILE *f;
371 char fn[132], line[256], *p;
372 long long unsigned ppid;
373
374 assert(pid >= 0);
375 assert(_ppid);
376
377 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%llu/stat", (unsigned long long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
378 fn[sizeof(fn)-1] = 0;
379
380 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "r")))
381 return -errno;
382
383 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
384 r = -errno;
385 fclose(f);
386 return r;
387 }
388
389 fclose(f);
390
391 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
392 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
393 * skip over it manually */
394
395 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
396 return -EIO;
397
398 p++;
399
400 if (sscanf(p, " "
401 "%*c " /* state */
402 "%llu ", /* ppid */
403 &ppid) != 1)
404 return -EIO;
405
406 if ((long long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
407 return -ERANGE;
408
409 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
410
411 return 0;
412}
413
414int write_one_line_file(const char *fn, const char *line) {
415 FILE *f;
416 int r;
417
418 assert(fn);
419 assert(line);
420
421 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "we")))
422 return -errno;
423
424 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
425 r = -errno;
426 goto finish;
427 }
428
429 r = 0;
430finish:
431 fclose(f);
432 return r;
433}
434
435int read_one_line_file(const char *fn, char **line) {
436 FILE *f;
437 int r;
11316633 438 char t[2048], *c;
034c6ed7
LP		 439
440 assert(fn);
441 assert(line);
442
443 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
444 return -errno;
445
446 if (!(fgets(t, sizeof(t), f))) {
447 r = -errno;
448 goto finish;
449 }
450
451 if (!(c = strdup(t))) {
452 r = -ENOMEM;
453 goto finish;
454 }
455
456 *line = c;
457 r = 0;
458
459finish:
460 fclose(f);
461 return r;
462}
44d8db9e 463
7072ced8
LP		 464char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
465 assert(s);
466
467 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
468 return s;
469}
470
471int get_process_name(pid_t pid, char **name) {
472 char *p;
473 int r;
474
475 assert(pid >= 1);
476 assert(name);
477
478 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%llu/comm", (unsigned long long) pid) < 0)
479 return -ENOMEM;
480
481 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
482 free(p);
483
484 if (r < 0)
485 return r;
486
487 truncate_nl(*name);
488 return 0;
489}
490
44d8db9e
LP		 491char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
492 size_t a, b;
493 char *r;
494
495 assert(s);
496 assert(suffix);
497
498 a = strlen(s);
499 b = strlen(suffix);
500
501 if (!(r = new(char, a+b+1)))
502 return NULL;
503
504 memcpy(r, s, a);
505 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
506 r[a+b] = 0;
507
508 return r;
509}
87f0e418
LP		 510
511int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
512 size_t l = 100;
513
514 assert(p);
515 assert(r);
516
517 for (;;) {
518 char *c;
519 ssize_t n;
520
521 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
522 return -ENOMEM;
523
524 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
525 int ret = -errno;
526 free(c);
527 return ret;
528 }
529
530 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
531 c[n] = 0;
532 *r = c;
533 return 0;
534 }
535
536 free(c);
537 l *= 2;
538 }
539}
540
541char *file_name_from_path(const char *p) {
542 char *r;
543
544 assert(p);
545
546 if ((r = strrchr(p, '/')))
547 return r + 1;
548
549 return (char*) p;
550}
0301abf4
LP		 551
552bool path_is_absolute(const char *p) {
553 assert(p);
554
555 return p[0] == '/';
556}
557
558bool is_path(const char *p) {
559
560 return !!strchr(p, '/');
561}
562
563char *path_make_absolute(const char *p, const char *prefix) {
564 char *r;
565
566 assert(p);
567
65d2ebdc
LP		 568 /* Makes every item in the list an absolute path by prepending
569 * the prefix, if specified and necessary */
570
0301abf4
LP		 571 if (path_is_absolute(p) || !prefix)
572 return strdup(p);
573
574 if (asprintf(&r, "%s/%s", prefix, p) < 0)
575 return NULL;
576
577 return r;
578}
2a987ee8 579
65d2ebdc
LP		 580char *path_make_absolute_cwd(const char *p) {
581 char *cwd, *r;
582
583 assert(p);
584
585 /* Similar to path_make_absolute(), but prefixes with the
586 * current working directory. */
587
588 if (path_is_absolute(p))
589 return strdup(p);
590
591 if (!(cwd = get_current_dir_name()))
592 return NULL;
593
594 r = path_make_absolute(p, cwd);
595 free(cwd);
596
597 return r;
598}
599
600char **strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(char **l) {
601 char **s;
602
603 /* Goes through every item in the string list and makes it
604 * absolute. This works in place and won't rollback any
605 * changes on failure. */
606
607 STRV_FOREACH(s, l) {
608 char *t;
609
610 if (!(t = path_make_absolute_cwd(*s)))
611 return NULL;
612
613 free(*s);
614 *s = t;
615 }
616
617 return l;
618}
619
2a987ee8
LP		 620int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
621 int sig;
622
623 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
624 struct sigaction sa;
625
626 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
627 continue;
628
629 zero(sa);
630 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
431c32bf 631 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2a987ee8
LP		 632
633 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
634 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
635 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
636 if (errno != EINVAL)
637 return -errno;
638 }
639
8e274523 640 return 0;
2a987ee8 641}
4a72ff34
LP		 642
643char *strstrip(char *s) {
644 char *e, *l = NULL;
645
646 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
647 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
648
649 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
650
651 for (e = s; *e; e++)
652 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
653 l = e;
654
655 if (l)
656 *(l+1) = 0;
657 else
658 *s = 0;
659
660 return s;
4a72ff34
LP		 661}
662
ee9b5e01
LP		 663char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
664 char *f, *t;
665
666 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
667
668 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
669 if (strchr(bad, *f))
670 continue;
671
672 *(t++) = *f;
673 }
674
675 *t = 0;
676
677 return s;
678}
679
4a72ff34
LP		 680char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
681 char *e, *r;
682 size_t k;
683
684 assert(path);
685 assert(filename);
686
687 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
688 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
689 * former isn't */
690
691 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
692 return strdup(filename);
693
694 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
695 return strdup(filename);
696
697 k = strlen(filename);
698 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
699 return NULL;
700
701 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
702 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
703
704 return r;
705}
fb624d04 706
a9f5d454
LP		 707int mkdir_parents(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
708 const char *p, *e;
709
710 assert(path);
711
712 /* Creates every parent directory in the path except the last
713 * component. */
714
715 p = path + strspn(path, "/");
716 for (;;) {
717 int r;
718 char *t;
719
720 e = p + strcspn(p, "/");
721 p = e + strspn(e, "/");
722
723 /* Is this the last component? If so, then we're
724 * done */
725 if (*p == 0)
726 return 0;
727
728 if (!(t = strndup(path, e - path)))
729 return -ENOMEM;
730
731 r = mkdir(t, mode);
732
733 free(t);
734
735 if (r < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
736 return -errno;
737 }
738}
739
bbd67135
LP		 740int mkdir_p(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
741 int r;
742
743 /* Like mkdir -p */
744
745 if ((r = mkdir_parents(path, mode)) < 0)
746 return r;
747
748 if (mkdir(path, mode) < 0)
749 return -errno;
750
751 return 0;
752}
753
fb624d04
LP		 754char hexchar(int x) {
755 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
756
757 return table[x & 15];
758}
4fe88d28
LP		 759
760int unhexchar(char c) {
761
762 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
763 return c - '0';
764
765 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
ea430986 766 return c - 'a' + 10;
4fe88d28
LP		 767
768 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
ea430986 769 return c - 'A' + 10;
4fe88d28
LP		 770
771 return -1;
772}
773
774char octchar(int x) {
775 return '0' + (x & 7);
776}
777
778int unoctchar(char c) {
779
780 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
781 return c - '0';
782
783 return -1;
784}
785
5af98f82
LP		 786char decchar(int x) {
787 return '0' + (x % 10);
788}
789
790int undecchar(char c) {
791
792 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
793 return c - '0';
794
795 return -1;
796}
797
4fe88d28
LP		 798char *cescape(const char *s) {
799 char *r, *t;
800 const char *f;
801
802 assert(s);
803
804 /* Does C style string escaping. */
805
806 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1)))
807 return NULL;
808
809 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
810
811 switch (*f) {
812
813 case '\a':
814 *(t++) = '\\';
815 *(t++) = 'a';
816 break;
817 case '\b':
818 *(t++) = '\\';
819 *(t++) = 'b';
820 break;
821 case '\f':
822 *(t++) = '\\';
823 *(t++) = 'f';
824 break;
825 case '\n':
826 *(t++) = '\\';
827 *(t++) = 'n';
828 break;
829 case '\r':
830 *(t++) = '\\';
831 *(t++) = 'r';
832 break;
833 case '\t':
834 *(t++) = '\\';
835 *(t++) = 't';
836 break;
837 case '\v':
838 *(t++) = '\\';
839 *(t++) = 'v';
840 break;
841 case '\\':
842 *(t++) = '\\';
843 *(t++) = '\\';
844 break;
845 case '"':
846 *(t++) = '\\';
847 *(t++) = '"';
848 break;
849 case '\'':
850 *(t++) = '\\';
851 *(t++) = '\'';
852 break;
853
854 default:
855 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
856 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
857 * g_strescape() does the same */
858 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
859 *(t++) = '\\';
860 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
861 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
862 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
863 } else
864 *(t++) = *f;
865 break;
866 }
867
868 *t = 0;
869
870 return r;
871}
872
873char *cunescape(const char *s) {
874 char *r, *t;
875 const char *f;
876
877 assert(s);
878
879 /* Undoes C style string escaping */
880
881 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)+1)))
882 return r;
883
884 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
885
886 if (*f != '\\') {
887 *(t++) = *f;
888 continue;
889 }
890
891 f++;
892
893 switch (*f) {
894
895 case 'a':
896 *(t++) = '\a';
897 break;
898 case 'b':
899 *(t++) = '\b';
900 break;
901 case 'f':
902 *(t++) = '\f';
903 break;
904 case 'n':
905 *(t++) = '\n';
906 break;
907 case 'r':
908 *(t++) = '\r';
909 break;
910 case 't':
911 *(t++) = '\t';
912 break;
913 case 'v':
914 *(t++) = '\v';
915 break;
916 case '\\':
917 *(t++) = '\\';
918 break;
919 case '"':
920 *(t++) = '"';
921 break;
922 case '\'':
923 *(t++) = '\'';
924 break;
925
926 case 'x': {
927 /* hexadecimal encoding */
928 int a, b;
929
930 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
931 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
932 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
933 *(t++) = '\\';
934 *(t++) = 'x';
935 } else {
936 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
937 f += 2;
938 }
939
940 break;
941 }
942
943 case '0':
944 case '1':
945 case '2':
946 case '3':
947 case '4':
948 case '5':
949 case '6':
950 case '7': {
951 /* octal encoding */
952 int a, b, c;
953
954 if ((a = unoctchar(f[0])) < 0 ||
955 (b = unoctchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
956 (c = unoctchar(f[2])) < 0) {
957 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
958 *(t++) = '\\';
959 *(t++) = f[0];
960 } else {
961 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
962 f += 2;
963 }
964
965 break;
966 }
967
968 case 0:
969 /* premature end of string.*/
970 *(t++) = '\\';
971 goto finish;
972
973 default:
974 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
975 *(t++) = '\\';
976 *(t++) = 'f';
977 break;
978 }
979 }
980
981finish:
982 *t = 0;
983 return r;
984}
985
986
987char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
988 char *r, *t;
989 const char *f;
990
991 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
992 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
993 * cunescape. */
994
995 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4+1)))
996 return NULL;
997
998 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
999
b866264a
LP		 1000 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1001 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
4fe88d28
LP		 1002 *(t++) = '\\';
1003 *(t++) = 'x';
1004 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1005 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1006 } else
1007 *(t++) = *f;
1008 }
1009
1010 *t = 0;
1011
1012 return r;
1013}
1014
ea430986 1015char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
ea430986
LP		 1016 char *r, *t;
1017 const char *f;
1018
47be870b
LP		 1019 assert(s);
1020
ea430986
LP		 1021 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1022 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */
1023
1024 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*3+1)))
1025 return NULL;
1026
1027 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1028
1029 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1030 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1031 !(*f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1032 *(t++) = '_';
1033 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1034 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1035 } else
1036 *(t++) = *f;
1037 }
1038
1039 *t = 0;
1040
1041 return r;
1042}
1043
1044char *bus_path_unescape(const char *s) {
ea430986
LP		 1045 char *r, *t;
1046 const char *f;
1047
47be870b
LP		 1048 assert(s);
1049
ea430986
LP		 1050 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)+1)))
1051 return NULL;
1052
1053 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1054
1055 if (*f == '_') {
1056 int a, b;
1057
1058 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1059 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1060 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1061 *(t++) = '_';
1062 } else {
1063 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1064 f += 2;
1065 }
1066 } else
1067 *(t++) = *f;
1068 }
1069
1070 *t = 0;
1071
1072 return r;
1073}
1074
4fe88d28
LP		 1075char *path_kill_slashes(char *path) {
1076 char *f, *t;
1077 bool slash = false;
1078
1079 /* Removes redundant inner and trailing slashes. Modifies the
1080 * passed string in-place.
1081 *
1082 * ///foo///bar/ becomes /foo/bar
1083 */
1084
1085 for (f = path, t = path; *f; f++) {
1086
1087 if (*f == '/') {
1088 slash = true;
1089 continue;
1090 }
1091
1092 if (slash) {
1093 slash = false;
1094 *(t++) = '/';
1095 }
1096
1097 *(t++) = *f;
1098 }
1099
1100 /* Special rule, if we are talking of the root directory, a
1101 trailing slash is good */
1102
1103 if (t == path && slash)
1104 *(t++) = '/';
1105
1106 *t = 0;
1107 return path;
1108}
1109
1110bool path_startswith(const char *path, const char *prefix) {
1111 assert(path);
1112 assert(prefix);
1113
1114 if ((path[0] == '/') != (prefix[0] == '/'))
1115 return false;
1116
1117 for (;;) {
1118 size_t a, b;
1119
1120 path += strspn(path, "/");
1121 prefix += strspn(prefix, "/");
1122
1123 if (*prefix == 0)
1124 return true;
1125
1126 if (*path == 0)
1127 return false;
1128
1129 a = strcspn(path, "/");
1130 b = strcspn(prefix, "/");
1131
1132 if (a != b)
1133 return false;
1134
1135 if (memcmp(path, prefix, a) != 0)
1136 return false;
1137
1138 path += a;
1139 prefix += b;
1140 }
1141}
1142
67d51650 1143char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
4fe88d28
LP		 1144 char *p;
1145
67d51650 1146 assert(t);
4fe88d28 1147
67d51650 1148 for (p = t; *p; p++)
4fe88d28
LP		 1149 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1150 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1151
67d51650 1152 return t;
4fe88d28 1153}
1dccbe19 1154
c85dc17b
LP		 1155bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1156 assert(filename);
1157
1158 return
1159 filename[0] == '.' ||
1160 endswith(filename, "~") ||
1161 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1162 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1163 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1164 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1165 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1166 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1167}
1168
3a0ecb08
LP		 1169int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1170 int flags;
1171
1172 assert(fd >= 0);
1173
1174 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1175 return -errno;
1176
1177 if (nonblock)
1178 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1179 else
1180 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1181
1182 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1183 return -errno;
1184
1185 return 0;
1186}
1187
1188int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1189 int flags;
1190
1191 assert(fd >= 0);
1192
1193 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1194 return -errno;
1195
1196 if (cloexec)
1197 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1198 else
1199 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1200
1201 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1202 return -errno;
1203
1204 return 0;
1205}
1206
a0d40ac5
LP		 1207int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1208 DIR *d;
1209 struct dirent *de;
1210 int r = 0;
1211
1212 if (!(d = opendir("/proc/self/fd")))
1213 return -errno;
1214
1215 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
a7610064 1216 int fd = -1;
a0d40ac5
LP		 1217
1218 if (de->d_name[0] == '.')
1219 continue;
1220
1221 if ((r = safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd)) < 0)
1222 goto finish;
1223
1224 if (fd < 3)
1225 continue;
1226
1227 if (fd == dirfd(d))
1228 continue;
1229
1230 if (except) {
1231 bool found;
1232 unsigned i;
1233
1234 found = false;
1235 for (i = 0; i < n_except; i++)
1236 if (except[i] == fd) {
1237 found = true;
1238 break;
1239 }
1240
1241 if (found)
1242 continue;
1243 }
1244
2f357920
LP		 1245 if ((r = close_nointr(fd)) < 0) {
1246 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1247 if (errno != EBADF)
1248 goto finish;
1249 }
a0d40ac5
LP		 1250 }
1251
2f357920
LP		 1252 r = 0;
1253
a0d40ac5
LP		 1254finish:
1255 closedir(d);
1256 return r;
1257}
1258
db12775d
LP		 1259bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1260 const char *p;
1261
1262 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1263 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1264 if (strchr(b, *p))
1265 return true;
1266
1267 return false;
1268}
1269
8b6c7120
LP		 1270char *format_timestamp(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1271 struct tm tm;
1272 time_t sec;
1273
1274 assert(buf);
1275 assert(l > 0);
1276
1277 if (t <= 0)
1278 return NULL;
1279
1280 sec = (time_t) t / USEC_PER_SEC;
1281
1282 if (strftime(buf, l, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z", localtime_r(&sec, &tm)) <= 0)
1283 return NULL;
1284
1285 return buf;
1286}
1287
42856c10
LP		 1288bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1289 static const char * const table[] = {
1290 "cifs",
1291 "smbfs",
1292 "ncpfs",
1293 "nfs",
1294 "nfs4"
1295 };
1296
1297 unsigned i;
1298
1299 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
1300 if (streq(table[i], fstype))
1301 return true;
1302
1303 return false;
1304}
1305
601f6a1e
LP		 1306int chvt(int vt) {
1307 int fd, r = 0;
1308
1309 if ((fd = open("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
1310 return -errno;
1311
1312 if (vt < 0) {
1313 int tiocl[2] = {
1314 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1315 0
1316 };
1317
1318 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1319 return -errno;
1320
1321 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1322 }
1323
1324 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1325 r = -errno;
1326
1327 close_nointr(r);
1328 return r;
1329}
1330
80876c20
LP		 1331int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, bool *need_nl) {
1332 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1333 char c;
1334 char line[1024];
1335
1336 assert(f);
1337 assert(ret);
1338
1339 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1340 new_termios = old_termios;
1341
1342 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1343 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1344 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1345
1346 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1347 size_t k;
1348
1349 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1350
1351 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1352
1353 if (k <= 0)
1354 return -EIO;
1355
1356 if (need_nl)
1357 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1358
1359 *ret = c;
1360 return 0;
1361 }
1362 }
1363
1364 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)))
1365 return -EIO;
1366
1367 truncate_nl(line);
1368
1369 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1370 return -EBADMSG;
1371
1372 if (need_nl)
1373 *need_nl = false;
1374
1375 *ret = line[0];
1376 return 0;
1377}
1378
1379int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1380 assert(ret);
1381 assert(replies);
1382 assert(text);
1383
1384 for (;;) {
1385 va_list ap;
1386 char c;
1387 int r;
1388 bool need_nl = true;
1389
1390 va_start(ap, text);
1391 vprintf(text, ap);
1392 va_end(ap);
1393
1394 fflush(stdout);
1395
1396 if ((r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, &need_nl)) < 0) {
1397
1398 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1399 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1400 continue;
1401 }
1402
1403 putchar('\n');
1404 return r;
1405 }
1406
1407 if (need_nl)
1408 putchar('\n');
1409
1410 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1411 *ret = c;
1412 return 0;
1413 }
1414
1415 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1416 }
1417}
1418
1419int reset_terminal(int fd) {
1420 struct termios termios;
1421 int r = 0;
1422
1423 assert(fd >= 0);
1424
1425 /* Set terminal up for job control */
1426
1427 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1428 r = -errno;
1429 goto finish;
1430 }
1431
1432 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT);
1433 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1434 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1435 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1436 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1437
1438 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1439 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1440 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1441 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1442 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1443 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1444 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1445 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1446 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1447 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1448 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1449
1450 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1451 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1452
1453 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1454 r = -errno;
1455
1456finish:
1457 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1458 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1459
1460 return r;
1461}
1462
1463int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1464 int fd, r;
1465
1466 if ((fd = open(name, mode)) < 0)
1467 return -errno;
1468
1469 if ((r = isatty(fd)) < 0) {
1470 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1471 return -errno;
1472 }
1473
1474 if (!r) {
1475 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1476 return -ENOTTY;
1477 }
1478
1479 return fd;
1480}
1481
1482int flush_fd(int fd) {
1483 struct pollfd pollfd;
1484
1485 zero(pollfd);
1486 pollfd.fd = fd;
1487 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
1488
1489 for (;;) {
1490 char buf[1024];
1491 ssize_t l;
1492 int r;
1493
1494 if ((r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0)) < 0) {
1495
1496 if (errno == EINTR)
1497 continue;
1498
1499 return -errno;
1500 }
1501
1502 if (r == 0)
1503 return 0;
1504
1505 if ((l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0) {
1506
1507 if (errno == EINTR)
1508 continue;
1509
1510 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1511 return 0;
1512
1513 return -errno;
1514 }
1515
1516 if (l <= 0)
1517 return 0;
1518 }
1519}
1520
1521int acquire_terminal(const char *name, bool fail, bool force) {
1522 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r, wd;
1523
1524 assert(name);
1525
1526 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1527 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1528 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1529 *
1530 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1531 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1532 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1533 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1534 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1535 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1536 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1537 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1538
1539 if (!fail && !force) {
1540 if ((notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
1541 r = -errno;
1542 goto fail;
1543 }
1544
1545 if ((wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE)) < 0) {
1546 r = -errno;
1547 goto fail;
1548 }
1549 }
1550
1551 for (;;) {
1552 if ((r = flush_fd(notify)) < 0)
1553 goto fail;
1554
1555 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1556 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1557 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1558 if ((fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
1559 return -errno;
1560
1561 /* First, try to get the tty */
1562 if ((r = ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force)) < 0 &&
1563 (force || fail || errno != EPERM)) {
1564 r = -errno;
1565 goto fail;
1566 }
1567
1568 if (r >= 0)
1569 break;
1570
1571 assert(!fail);
1572 assert(!force);
1573 assert(notify >= 0);
1574
1575 for (;;) {
1576 struct inotify_event e;
1577 ssize_t l;
1578
1579 if ((l = read(notify, &e, sizeof(e))) != sizeof(e)) {
1580
1581 if (l < 0) {
1582
1583 if (errno == EINTR)
1584 continue;
1585
1586 r = -errno;
1587 } else
1588 r = -EIO;
1589
1590 goto fail;
1591 }
1592
1593 if (e.wd != wd || !(e.mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
1594 r = -errno;
1595 goto fail;
1596 }
1597
1598 break;
1599 }
1600
1601 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
1602 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
1603 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
1604 * an endless loop. */
1605 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1606 }
1607
1608 if (notify >= 0)
1609 close_nointr(notify);
1610
1611 if ((r = reset_terminal(fd)) < 0)
1612 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
1613
1614 return fd;
1615
1616fail:
1617 if (fd >= 0)
1618 close_nointr(fd);
1619
1620 if (notify >= 0)
1621 close_nointr(notify);
1622
1623 return r;
1624}
1625
1626int release_terminal(void) {
1627 int r = 0, fd;
1628
1629 if ((fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR)) < 0)
1630 return -errno;
1631
1632 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
1633 r = -errno;
1634
1635 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1636 return r;
1637}
1638
a337c6fc
LP		 1639int ignore_signal(int sig) {
1640 struct sigaction sa;
1641
1642 zero(sa);
1643 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
1644 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
1645
1646 return sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL);
1647}
1648
1dccbe19
LP		 1649static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
1650 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
1651 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
1652 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
1653 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
1654};
1655
1656DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ioprio_class, int);
1657
1658static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
1659 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
1660 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
1661 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
1662 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
1663 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
1664 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
1665};
1666
1667DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
1668
1669static const char *const log_facility_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
1670 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
1671 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
1672 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
1673 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
1674 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
1675 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
1676 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
1677 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
1678 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
1679 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
1680 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
1681 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
1682 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
1683 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
1684 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
1685 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
1686 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
1687 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
1688 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
1689 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
1690};
1691
1692DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_facility, int);
1693
1694static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
1695 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
1696 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
1697 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
1698 [LOG_ERR] = "err",
1699 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
1700 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
1701 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
1702 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
1703};
1704
1705DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_level, int);
1706
1707static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
1708 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
1709 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
1710 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
1711 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
1712 [SCHED_RR] = "rr"
1713};
1714
1715DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sched_policy, int);
1716
1717static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
1718 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
1719 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
1720 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
1721 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
1722 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
1723 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
1724 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
1725 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
1726 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
1727 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
1728 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
1729 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
1730 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
1731 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
1732 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
1733 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
1734};
1735
1736DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
Michael's branch of systemd.