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make sure impact of transactions is minimized
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1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8 -*-*/
2
3 #include <assert.h>
4 #include <errno.h>
5 #include <string.h>
6
7 #include "manager.h"
8 #include "hashmap.h"
9 #include "macro.h"
10 #include "strv.h"
11 #include "log.h"
12
13 Manager* manager_new(void) {
14 Manager *m;
15
16 if (!(m = new0(Manager, 1)))
17 return NULL;
18
19 if (!(m->names = hashmap_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func)))
20 goto fail;
21
22 if (!(m->jobs = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func)))
23 goto fail;
24
25 if (!(m->transaction_jobs = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func)))
26 goto fail;
27
28 return m;
29
30 fail:
31 manager_free(m);
32 return NULL;
33 }
34
35 void manager_free(Manager *m) {
36 Name *n;
37 Job *j;
38
39 assert(m);
40
41 while ((n = hashmap_first(m->names)))
42 name_free(n);
43
44 while ((j = hashmap_steal_first(m->transaction_jobs)))
45 job_free(j);
46
47 hashmap_free(m->names);
48 hashmap_free(m->jobs);
49 hashmap_free(m->transaction_jobs);
50
51 free(m);
52 }
53
54 static void transaction_delete_job(Manager *m, Job *j) {
55 assert(m);
56 assert(j);
57
58 /* Deletes one job from the transaction */
59
60 manager_transaction_unlink_job(m, j);
61
62 if (!j->linked)
63 job_free(j);
64 }
65
66 static void transaction_delete_name(Manager *m, Name *n) {
67 Job *j;
68
69 /* Deletes all jobs associated with a certain name from the
70 * transaction */
71
72 while ((j = hashmap_get(m->transaction_jobs, n)))
73 transaction_delete_job(m, j);
74 }
75
76 static void transaction_abort(Manager *m) {
77 Job *j;
78
79 assert(m);
80
81 while ((j = hashmap_first(m->transaction_jobs)))
82 if (j->linked)
83 transaction_delete_job(m, j);
84 else
85 job_free(j);
86
87 assert(hashmap_isempty(m->transaction_jobs));
88 assert(!m->transaction_anchor);
89 }
90
91 static void transaction_find_jobs_that_matter_to_anchor(Manager *m, Job *j, unsigned generation) {
92 JobDependency *l;
93
94 assert(m);
95
96 /* A recursive sweep through the graph that marks all names
97 * that matter to the anchor job, i.e. are directly or
98 * indirectly a dependency of the anchor job via paths that
99 * are fully marked as mattering. */
100
101 for (l = j ? j->subject_list : m->transaction_anchor; l; l = l->subject_next) {
102
103 /* This link does not matter */
104 if (!l->matters)
105 continue;
106
107 /* This name has already been marked */
108 if (l->object->generation == generation)
109 continue;
110
111 l->object->matters_to_anchor = true;
112 l->object->generation = generation;
113
114 transaction_find_jobs_that_matter_to_anchor(m, l->object, generation);
115 }
116 }
117
118 static void transaction_merge_and_delete_job(Manager *m, Job *j, Job *other, JobType t) {
119 JobDependency *l, *last;
120
121 assert(j);
122 assert(other);
123 assert(j->name == other->name);
124 assert(!j->linked);
125
126 /* Merges 'other' into 'j' and then deletes j. */
127
128 j->type = t;
129 j->state = JOB_WAITING;
130
131 j->matters_to_anchor = j->matters_to_anchor || other->matters_to_anchor;
132
133 /* Patch us in as new owner of the JobDependency objects */
134 last = NULL;
135 for (l = other->subject_list; l; l = l->subject_next) {
136 assert(l->subject == other);
137 l->subject = j;
138 last = l;
139 }
140
141 /* Merge both lists */
142 if (last) {
143 last->subject_next = j->subject_list;
144 if (j->subject_list)
145 j->subject_list->subject_prev = last;
146 j->subject_list = other->subject_list;
147 }
148
149 /* Patch us in as new owner of the JobDependency objects */
150 last = NULL;
151 for (l = other->object_list; l; l = l->object_next) {
152 assert(l->object == other);
153 l->object = j;
154 last = l;
155 }
156
157 /* Merge both lists */
158 if (last) {
159 last->object_next = j->object_list;
160 if (j->object_list)
161 j->object_list->object_prev = last;
162 j->object_list = other->object_list;
163 }
164
165 /* Kill the other job */
166 other->subject_list = NULL;
167 other->object_list = NULL;
168 transaction_delete_job(m, other);
169 }
170
171 static int delete_one_unmergable_job(Manager *m, Job *j) {
172 Job *k;
173
174 assert(j);
175
176 /* Tries to delete one item in the linked list
177 * j->transaction_next->transaction_next->... that conflicts
178 * whith another one, in an attempt to make an inconsistent
179 * transaction work. */
180
181 /* We rely here on the fact that if a merged with b does not
182 * merge with c, either a or b merge with c neither */
183 for (; j; j = j->transaction_next)
184 for (k = j->transaction_next; k; k = k->transaction_next) {
185 Job *d;
186
187 /* Is this one mergeable? Then skip it */
188 if (job_type_mergeable(j->type, k->type))
189 continue;
190
191 /* Ok, we found two that conflict, let's see if we can
192 * drop one of them */
193 if (!j->matters_to_anchor)
194 d = j;
195 else if (!k->matters_to_anchor)
196 d = k;
197 else
198 return -ENOEXEC;
199
200 /* Ok, we can drop one, so let's do so. */
201 log_debug("Try to fix job merging by deleting job %s", name_id(d->name));
202 transaction_delete_job(m, d);
203 return 0;
204 }
205
206 return -EINVAL;
207 }
208
209 static int transaction_merge_jobs(Manager *m) {
210 Job *j;
211 void *state;
212 int r;
213
214 assert(m);
215
216 /* First step, check whether any of the jobs for one specific
217 * task conflict. If so, try to drop one of them. */
218 HASHMAP_FOREACH(j, m->transaction_jobs, state) {
219 JobType t;
220 Job *k;
221
222 t = j->type;
223 for (k = j->transaction_next; k; k = k->transaction_next) {
224 if ((r = job_type_merge(&t, k->type)) >= 0)
225 continue;
226
227 /* OK, we could not merge all jobs for this
228 * action. Let's see if we can get rid of one
229 * of them */
230
231 if ((r = delete_one_unmergable_job(m, j)) >= 0)
232 /* Ok, we managed to drop one, now
233 * let's ask our callers to call us
234 * again after garbage collecting */
235 return -EAGAIN;
236
237 /* We couldn't merge anything. Failure */
238 return r;
239 }
240 }
241
242 /* Second step, merge the jobs. */
243 HASHMAP_FOREACH(j, m->transaction_jobs, state) {
244 JobType t = j->type;
245 Job *k;
246
247 /* Merge all transactions */
248 for (k = j->transaction_next; k; k = k->transaction_next)
249 assert_se(job_type_merge(&t, k->type) == 0);
250
251 /* If an active job is mergable, merge it too */
252 if (j->name->meta.job)
253 job_type_merge(&t, j->name->meta.job->type); /* Might fail. Which is OK */
254
255 while ((k = j->transaction_next)) {
256 if (j->linked) {
257 transaction_merge_and_delete_job(m, k, j, t);
258 j = k;
259 } else
260 transaction_merge_and_delete_job(m, j, k, t);
261 }
262
263 assert(!j->transaction_next);
264 assert(!j->transaction_prev);
265 }
266
267 return 0;
268 }
269
270 static bool name_matters_to_anchor(Name *n, Job *j) {
271 assert(n);
272 assert(!j->transaction_prev);
273
274 /* Checks whether at least one of the jobs for this name
275 * matters to the anchor. */
276
277 for (; j; j = j->transaction_next)
278 if (j->matters_to_anchor)
279 return true;
280
281 return false;
282 }
283
284 static int transaction_verify_order_one(Manager *m, Job *j, Job *from, unsigned generation) {
285 void *state;
286 Name *n;
287 int r;
288
289 assert(m);
290 assert(j);
291 assert(!j->transaction_prev);
292
293 /* Does a recursive sweep through the ordering graph, looking
294 * for a cycle. If we find cycle we try to break it. */
295
296 /* Did we find a cycle? */
297 if (j->marker && j->generation == generation) {
298 Job *k;
299
300 /* So, we already have been here. We have a
301 * cycle. Let's try to break it. We go backwards in
302 * our path and try to find a suitable job to
303 * remove. We use the marker to find our way back,
304 * since smart how we are we stored our way back in
305 * there. */
306
307 for (k = from; k; k = (k->generation == generation ? k->marker : NULL)) {
308
309 if (!k->linked &&
310 !name_matters_to_anchor(k->name, k)) {
311 /* Ok, we can drop this one, so let's
312 * do so. */
313 log_debug("Breaking order cycle by deleting job %s", name_id(k->name));
314 transaction_delete_name(m, k->name);
315 return -EAGAIN;
316 }
317
318 /* Check if this in fact was the beginning of
319 * the cycle */
320 if (k == j)
321 break;
322 }
323
324 return -ENOEXEC;
325 }
326
327 /* Make the marker point to where we come from, so that we can
328 * find our way backwards if we want to break a cycle */
329 j->marker = from;
330 j->generation = generation;
331
332 /* We assume that the the dependencies are bidirectional, and
333 * hence can ignore NAME_AFTER */
334 SET_FOREACH(n, j->name->meta.dependencies[NAME_BEFORE], state) {
335 Job *o;
336
337 /* Is there a job for this name? */
338 if (!(o = hashmap_get(m->transaction_jobs, n)))
339
340 /* Ok, there is no job for this in the
341 * transaction, but maybe there is already one
342 * running? */
343 if (!(o = n->meta.job))
344 continue;
345
346 if ((r = transaction_verify_order_one(m, o, j, generation)) < 0)
347 return r;
348 }
349
350 return 0;
351 }
352
353 static int transaction_verify_order(Manager *m, unsigned *generation) {
354 Job *j;
355 int r;
356 void *state;
357
358 assert(m);
359 assert(generation);
360
361 /* Check if the ordering graph is cyclic. If it is, try to fix
362 * that up by dropping one of the jobs. */
363
364 HASHMAP_FOREACH(j, m->transaction_jobs, state)
365 if ((r = transaction_verify_order_one(m, j, NULL, (*generation)++)) < 0)
366 return r;
367
368 return 0;
369 }
370
371 static void transaction_collect_garbage(Manager *m) {
372 bool again;
373
374 assert(m);
375
376 /* Drop jobs that are not required by any other job */
377
378 do {
379 void *state;
380 Job *j;
381
382 again = false;
383
384 HASHMAP_FOREACH(j, m->transaction_jobs, state) {
385 if (j->object_list)
386 continue;
387
388 log_debug("Garbage collecting job %s", name_id(j->name));
389
390 transaction_delete_job(m, j);
391 again = true;
392 break;
393 }
394
395 } while (again);
396 }
397
398 static int transaction_is_destructive(Manager *m, JobMode mode) {
399 void *state;
400 Job *j;
401
402 assert(m);
403
404 /* Checks whether applying this transaction means that
405 * existing jobs would be replaced */
406
407 HASHMAP_FOREACH(j, m->transaction_jobs, state) {
408
409 /* Assume merged */
410 assert(!j->transaction_prev);
411 assert(!j->transaction_next);
412
413 if (j->name->meta.job &&
414 j->name->meta.job != j &&
415 !job_type_is_superset(j->type, j->name->meta.job->type))
416 return -EEXIST;
417 }
418
419 return 0;
420 }
421
422 static void transaction_minimize_impact(Manager *m) {
423 bool again;
424 assert(m);
425
426 /* Drops all unnecessary jobs that reverse already active jobs
427 * or that stop a running service. */
428
429 do {
430 Job *j;
431 void *state;
432
433 again = false;
434
435 HASHMAP_FOREACH(j, m->transaction_jobs, state) {
436 for (; j; j = j->transaction_next) {
437
438 /* If it matters, we shouldn't drop it */
439 if (j->matters_to_anchor)
440 continue;
441
442 /* Would this stop a running service?
443 * Would this change an existing job?
444 * If so, let's drop this entry */
445 if ((j->type != JOB_STOP || name_is_dead(j->name)) &&
446 (!j->name->meta.job || job_type_is_conflicting(j->type, j->name->meta.job->state)))
447 continue;
448
449 /* Ok, let's get rid of this */
450 transaction_delete_job(m, j);
451 again = true;
452 break;
453 }
454
455 if (again)
456 break;
457 }
458
459 } while (again);
460 }
461
462 static int transaction_apply(Manager *m, JobMode mode) {
463 void *state;
464 Job *j;
465 int r;
466
467 /* Moves the transaction jobs to the set of active jobs */
468
469 HASHMAP_FOREACH(j, m->transaction_jobs, state) {
470 /* Assume merged */
471 assert(!j->transaction_prev);
472 assert(!j->transaction_next);
473
474 if (j->linked)
475 continue;
476
477 if ((r = hashmap_put(m->jobs, UINT32_TO_PTR(j->id), j)) < 0)
478 goto rollback;
479 }
480
481 while ((j = hashmap_steal_first(m->transaction_jobs))) {
482 if (j->linked)
483 continue;
484
485 if (j->name->meta.job)
486 job_free(j->name->meta.job);
487
488 j->name->meta.job = j;
489 j->linked = true;
490
491 /* We're fully installed. Now let's free data we don't
492 * need anymore. */
493
494 assert(!j->transaction_next);
495 assert(!j->transaction_prev);
496
497 while (j->subject_list)
498 job_dependency_free(j->subject_list);
499 while (j->object_list)
500 job_dependency_free(j->object_list);
501 }
502
503 m->transaction_anchor = NULL;
504
505 return 0;
506
507 rollback:
508
509 HASHMAP_FOREACH(j, m->transaction_jobs, state) {
510 if (j->linked)
511 continue;
512
513 hashmap_remove(m->jobs, UINT32_TO_PTR(j->id));
514 }
515
516 return r;
517 }
518
519 static int transaction_activate(Manager *m, JobMode mode) {
520 int r;
521 unsigned generation = 1;
522
523 assert(m);
524
525 /* This applies the changes recorded in transaction_jobs to
526 * the actual list of jobs, if possible. */
527
528 /* First step: figure out which jobs matter */
529 transaction_find_jobs_that_matter_to_anchor(m, NULL, generation++);
530
531 /* Second step: Try not to stop any running services if
532 * we don't have to. Don't try to reverse running
533 * jobs if we don't have to. */
534 transaction_minimize_impact(m);
535
536 for (;;) {
537 /* Third step: Let's remove unneeded jobs that might
538 * be lurking. */
539 transaction_collect_garbage(m);
540
541 /* Fourth step: verify order makes sense and correct
542 * cycles if necessary and possible */
543 if ((r = transaction_verify_order(m, &generation)) >= 0)
544 break;
545
546 if (r != -EAGAIN)
547 goto rollback;
548
549 /* Let's see if the resulting transaction ordering
550 * graph is still cyclic... */
551 }
552
553 for (;;) {
554 /* Fifth step: let's drop unmergable entries if
555 * necessary and possible, merge entries we can
556 * merge */
557 if ((r = transaction_merge_jobs(m)) >= 0)
558 break;
559
560 if (r != -EAGAIN)
561 goto rollback;
562
563 /* Sixth step: an entry got dropped, let's garbage
564 * collect its dependencies. */
565 transaction_collect_garbage(m);
566
567 /* Let's see if the resulting transaction still has
568 * unmergable entries ... */
569 }
570
571 /* Seventh step: check whether we can actually apply this */
572 if (mode == JOB_FAIL)
573 if ((r = transaction_is_destructive(m, mode)) < 0)
574 goto rollback;
575
576 /* Eights step: apply changes */
577 if ((r = transaction_apply(m, mode)) < 0)
578 goto rollback;
579
580 assert(hashmap_isempty(m->transaction_jobs));
581 assert(!m->transaction_anchor);
582
583 return 0;
584
585 rollback:
586 transaction_abort(m);
587 return r;
588 }
589
590 static Job* transaction_add_one_job(Manager *m, JobType type, Name *name, bool *is_new) {
591 Job *j, *f;
592 int r;
593
594 assert(m);
595 assert(name);
596
597 /* Looks for an axisting prospective job and returns that. If
598 * it doesn't exist it is created and added to the prospective
599 * jobs list. */
600
601 f = hashmap_get(m->transaction_jobs, name);
602
603 for (j = f; j; j = j->transaction_next) {
604 assert(j->name == name);
605
606 if (j->type == type) {
607 if (is_new)
608 *is_new = false;
609 return j;
610 }
611 }
612
613 if (name->meta.job && name->meta.job->type == type)
614 j = name->meta.job;
615 else if (!(j = job_new(m, type, name)))
616 return NULL;
617
618 if ((r = hashmap_replace(m->transaction_jobs, name, j)) < 0) {
619 job_free(j);
620 return NULL;
621 }
622
623 j->transaction_next = f;
624
625 if (f)
626 f->transaction_prev = j;
627
628 j->generation = 0;
629 j->marker = NULL;
630 j->matters_to_anchor = false;
631
632 if (is_new)
633 *is_new = true;
634
635 return j;
636 }
637
638 void manager_transaction_unlink_job(Manager *m, Job *j) {
639 assert(m);
640 assert(j);
641
642 if (j->transaction_prev)
643 j->transaction_prev->transaction_next = j->transaction_next;
644 else if (j->transaction_next)
645 hashmap_replace(m->transaction_jobs, j->name, j->transaction_next);
646 else
647 hashmap_remove_value(m->transaction_jobs, j->name, j);
648
649 if (j->transaction_next)
650 j->transaction_next->transaction_prev = j->transaction_prev;
651
652 j->transaction_prev = j->transaction_next = NULL;
653
654 while (j->subject_list)
655 job_dependency_free(j->subject_list);
656
657 while (j->object_list) {
658 Job *other = j->object_list->matters ? j->object_list->subject : NULL;
659
660 job_dependency_free(j->object_list);
661
662 if (other) {
663 log_debug("Deleting job %s as dependency of job %s", name_id(other->name), name_id(j->name));
664 transaction_delete_job(m, other);
665 }
666 }
667 }
668
669 static int transaction_add_job_and_dependencies(Manager *m, JobType type, Name *name, Job *by, bool matters, bool force, Job **_ret) {
670 Job *ret;
671 void *state;
672 Name *dep;
673 int r;
674 bool is_new;
675
676 assert(m);
677 assert(type < _JOB_TYPE_MAX);
678 assert(name);
679
680 if (name->meta.state != NAME_LOADED)
681 return -EINVAL;
682
683 /* First add the job. */
684 if (!(ret = transaction_add_one_job(m, type, name, &is_new)))
685 return -ENOMEM;
686
687 /* Then, add a link to the job. */
688 if (!job_dependency_new(by, ret, matters))
689 return -ENOMEM;
690
691 if (is_new) {
692 /* Finally, recursively add in all dependencies. */
693 if (type == JOB_START || type == JOB_RELOAD_OR_START) {
694 SET_FOREACH(dep, ret->name->meta.dependencies[NAME_REQUIRES], state)
695 if ((r = transaction_add_job_and_dependencies(m, JOB_START, dep, ret, true, force, NULL)) < 0)
696 goto fail;
697 SET_FOREACH(dep, ret->name->meta.dependencies[NAME_SOFT_REQUIRES], state)
698 if ((r = transaction_add_job_and_dependencies(m, JOB_START, dep, ret, !force, force, NULL)) < 0)
699 goto fail;
700 SET_FOREACH(dep, ret->name->meta.dependencies[NAME_WANTS], state)
701 if ((r = transaction_add_job_and_dependencies(m, JOB_START, dep, ret, false, force, NULL)) < 0)
702 goto fail;
703 SET_FOREACH(dep, ret->name->meta.dependencies[NAME_REQUISITE], state)
704 if ((r = transaction_add_job_and_dependencies(m, JOB_VERIFY_STARTED, dep, ret, true, force, NULL)) < 0)
705 goto fail;
706 SET_FOREACH(dep, ret->name->meta.dependencies[NAME_SOFT_REQUISITE], state)
707 if ((r = transaction_add_job_and_dependencies(m, JOB_VERIFY_STARTED, dep, ret, !force, force, NULL)) < 0)
708 goto fail;
709 SET_FOREACH(dep, ret->name->meta.dependencies[NAME_CONFLICTS], state)
710 if ((r = transaction_add_job_and_dependencies(m, JOB_STOP, dep, ret, true, force, NULL)) < 0)
711 goto fail;
712
713 } else if (type == JOB_STOP || type == JOB_RESTART || type == JOB_TRY_RESTART) {
714
715 SET_FOREACH(dep, ret->name->meta.dependencies[NAME_REQUIRED_BY], state)
716 if ((r = transaction_add_job_and_dependencies(m, type, dep, ret, true, force, NULL)) < 0)
717 goto fail;
718 }
719
720 /* JOB_VERIFY_STARTED, JOB_RELOAD require no dependency handling */
721 }
722
723 return 0;
724
725 fail:
726 return r;
727 }
728
729 int manager_add_job(Manager *m, JobType type, Name *name, JobMode mode, bool force, Job **_ret) {
730 int r;
731 Job *ret;
732
733 assert(m);
734 assert(type < _JOB_TYPE_MAX);
735 assert(name);
736 assert(mode < _JOB_MODE_MAX);
737
738 if ((r = transaction_add_job_and_dependencies(m, type, name, NULL, true, force, &ret))) {
739 transaction_abort(m);
740 return r;
741 }
742
743 if ((r = transaction_activate(m, mode)) < 0)
744 return r;
745
746 if (_ret)
747 *_ret = ret;
748
749 return 0;
750 }
751
752 Job *manager_get_job(Manager *m, uint32_t id) {
753 assert(m);
754
755 return hashmap_get(m->jobs, UINT32_TO_PTR(id));
756 }
757
758 Name *manager_get_name(Manager *m, const char *name) {
759 assert(m);
760 assert(name);
761
762 return hashmap_get(m->names, name);
763 }
764
765 static int dispatch_load_queue(Manager *m) {
766 Meta *meta;
767
768 assert(m);
769
770 /* Make sure we are not run recursively */
771 if (m->dispatching_load_queue)
772 return 0;
773
774 m->dispatching_load_queue = true;
775
776 /* Dispatches the load queue. Takes a name from the queue and
777 * tries to load its data until the queue is empty */
778
779 while ((meta = m->load_queue)) {
780 name_load(NAME(meta));
781 LIST_REMOVE(Meta, m->load_queue, meta);
782 }
783
784 m->dispatching_load_queue = false;
785
786 return 0;
787 }
788
789 int manager_load_name(Manager *m, const char *name, Name **_ret) {
790 Name *ret;
791 NameType t;
792 int r;
793 char *n;
794
795 assert(m);
796 assert(name);
797 assert(_ret);
798
799 if (!name_is_valid(name))
800 return -EINVAL;
801
802 /* This will load the service information files, but not actually
803 * start any services or anything */
804
805 if ((ret = manager_get_name(m, name)))
806 goto finish;
807
808 if ((t = name_type_from_string(name)) == _NAME_TYPE_INVALID)
809 return -EINVAL;
810
811 if (!(ret = name_new(m)))
812 return -ENOMEM;
813
814 ret->meta.type = t;
815
816 if (!(n = strdup(name))) {
817 name_free(ret);
818 return -ENOMEM;
819 }
820
821 if ((r = set_put(ret->meta.names, n)) < 0) {
822 name_free(ret);
823 free(n);
824 return r;
825 }
826
827 if ((r = name_link(ret)) < 0) {
828 name_free(ret);
829 return r;
830 }
831
832 /* At this point the new entry is created and linked. However,
833 * not loaded. Now load this entry and all its dependencies
834 * recursively */
835
836 dispatch_load_queue(m);
837
838 finish:
839
840 *_ret = ret;
841 return 0;
842 }
843
844 void manager_dump_jobs(Manager *s, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
845 void *state;
846 Job *j;
847
848 assert(s);
849 assert(f);
850
851 HASHMAP_FOREACH(j, s->jobs, state)
852 job_dump(j, f, prefix);
853 }
854
855 void manager_dump_names(Manager *s, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
856 void *state;
857 Name *n;
858 const char *t;
859
860 assert(s);
861 assert(f);
862
863 HASHMAP_FOREACH_KEY(n, t, s->names, state)
864 if (name_id(n) == t)
865 name_dump(n, f, prefix);
866 }
867
868 void manager_clear_jobs(Manager *m) {
869 Job *j;
870
871 assert(m);
872
873 transaction_abort(m);
874
875 while ((j = hashmap_first(m->jobs)))
876 job_free(j);
877 }