util.c

   1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8 -*-*/
   2
   3 /***
   4   This file is part of systemd.
   5
   6   Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
   7
   8   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   9   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  10   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  11   (at your option) any later version.
  12
  13   systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  14   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  15   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  16   General Public License for more details.
  17
  18   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  19   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  20 ***/
  21
  22 #include <assert.h>
  23 #include <string.h>
  24 #include <unistd.h>
  25 #include <errno.h>
  26 #include <stdlib.h>
  27 #include <signal.h>
  28 #include <stdio.h>
  29 #include <syslog.h>
  30 #include <sched.h>
  31 #include <sys/resource.h>
  32 #include <linux/sched.h>
  33 #include <sys/types.h>
  34 #include <sys/stat.h>
  35
  36 #include "macro.h"
  37 #include "util.h"
  38 #include "ioprio.h"
  39 #include "missing.h"
  40 #include "log.h"
  41 #include "strv.h"
  42
  43 usec_t now(clockid_t clock_id) {
  44         struct timespec ts;
  45
  46         assert_se(clock_gettime(clock_id, &ts) == 0);
  47
  48         return timespec_load(&ts);
  49 }
  50
  51 usec_t timespec_load(const struct timespec *ts) {
  52         assert(ts);
  53
  54         return
  55                 (usec_t) ts->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
  56                 (usec_t) ts->tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC;
  57 }
  58
  59 struct timespec *timespec_store(struct timespec *ts, usec_t u)  {
  60         assert(ts);
  61
  62         ts->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
  63         ts->tv_nsec = (long int) ((u % USEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_USEC);
  64
  65         return ts;
  66 }
  67
  68 usec_t timeval_load(const struct timeval *tv) {
  69         assert(tv);
  70
  71         return
  72                 (usec_t) tv->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
  73                 (usec_t) tv->tv_usec;
  74 }
  75
  76 struct timeval *timeval_store(struct timeval *tv, usec_t u) {
  77         assert(tv);
  78
  79         tv->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
  80         tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) (u % USEC_PER_SEC);
  81
  82         return tv;
  83 }
  84
  85 bool endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
  86         size_t sl, pl;
  87
  88         assert(s);
  89         assert(postfix);
  90
  91         sl = strlen(s);
  92         pl = strlen(postfix);
  93
  94         if (sl < pl)
  95                 return false;
  96
  97         return memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) == 0;
  98 }
  99
 100 bool startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
 101         size_t sl, pl;
 102
 103         assert(s);
 104         assert(prefix);
 105
 106         sl = strlen(s);
 107         pl = strlen(prefix);
 108
 109         if (sl < pl)
 110                 return false;
 111
 112         return memcmp(s, prefix, pl) == 0;
 113 }
 114
 115 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
 116         size_t sl, wl;
 117
 118         assert(s);
 119         assert(word);
 120
 121         sl = strlen(s);
 122         wl = strlen(word);
 123
 124         if (sl < wl)
 125                 return false;
 126
 127         if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
 128                 return false;
 129
 130         return (s[wl] == 0 ||
 131                 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]));
 132 }
 133
 134 int close_nointr(int fd) {
 135         assert(fd >= 0);
 136
 137         for (;;) {
 138                 int r;
 139
 140                 if ((r = close(fd)) >= 0)
 141                         return r;
 142
 143                 if (errno != EINTR)
 144                         return r;
 145         }
 146 }
 147
 148 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
 149
 150         /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
 151          * is unchanged */
 152
 153         assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
 154 }
 155
 156 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
 157         assert(v);
 158
 159         if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || !strcasecmp(v, "on"))
 160                 return 1;
 161         else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || !strcasecmp(v, "off"))
 162                 return 0;
 163
 164         return -EINVAL;
 165 }
 166
 167 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
 168         char *x = NULL;
 169         unsigned long l;
 170
 171         assert(s);
 172         assert(ret_u);
 173
 174         errno = 0;
 175         l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
 176
 177         if (!x || *x || errno)
 178                 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
 179
 180         if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
 181                 return -ERANGE;
 182
 183         *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
 184         return 0;
 185 }
 186
 187 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
 188         char *x = NULL;
 189         long l;
 190
 191         assert(s);
 192         assert(ret_i);
 193
 194         errno = 0;
 195         l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
 196
 197         if (!x || *x || errno)
 198                 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
 199
 200         if ((long) (int) l != l)
 201                 return -ERANGE;
 202
 203         *ret_i = (int) l;
 204         return 0;
 205 }
 206
 207 int safe_atolu(const char *s, long unsigned *ret_lu) {
 208         char *x = NULL;
 209         unsigned long l;
 210
 211         assert(s);
 212         assert(ret_lu);
 213
 214         errno = 0;
 215         l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
 216
 217         if (!x || *x || errno)
 218                 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
 219
 220         *ret_lu = l;
 221         return 0;
 222 }
 223
 224 int safe_atoli(const char *s, long int *ret_li) {
 225         char *x = NULL;
 226         long l;
 227
 228         assert(s);
 229         assert(ret_li);
 230
 231         errno = 0;
 232         l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
 233
 234         if (!x || *x || errno)
 235                 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
 236
 237         *ret_li = l;
 238         return 0;
 239 }
 240
 241 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
 242         char *x = NULL;
 243         unsigned long long l;
 244
 245         assert(s);
 246         assert(ret_llu);
 247
 248         errno = 0;
 249         l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
 250
 251         if (!x || *x || errno)
 252                 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
 253
 254         *ret_llu = l;
 255         return 0;
 256 }
 257
 258 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
 259         char *x = NULL;
 260         long long l;
 261
 262         assert(s);
 263         assert(ret_lli);
 264
 265         errno = 0;
 266         l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
 267
 268         if (!x || *x || errno)
 269                 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
 270
 271         *ret_lli = l;
 272         return 0;
 273 }
 274
 275 /* Split a string into words. */
 276 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
 277         char *current;
 278
 279         current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
 280
 281         if (!*current || *c == 0)
 282                 return NULL;
 283
 284         current += strspn(current, separator);
 285         *l = strcspn(current, separator);
 286         *state = current+*l;
 287
 288         return (char*) current;
 289 }
 290
 291 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
 292  * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
 293 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
 294         char *current;
 295
 296         current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
 297
 298         if (!*current || *c == 0)
 299                 return NULL;
 300
 301         current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
 302
 303         if (*current == '\'') {
 304                 current ++;
 305                 *l = strcspn(current, "'");
 306                 *state = current+*l;
 307
 308                 if (**state == '\'')
 309                         (*state)++;
 310         } else if (*current == '\"') {
 311                 current ++;
 312                 *l = strcspn(current, "\"");
 313                 *state = current+*l;
 314
 315                 if (**state == '\"')
 316                         (*state)++;
 317         } else {
 318                 *l = strcspn(current, WHITESPACE);
 319                 *state = current+*l;
 320         }
 321
 322         /* FIXME: Cannot deal with strings that have spaces AND ticks
 323          * in them */
 324
 325         return (char*) current;
 326 }
 327
 328 char **split_path_and_make_absolute(const char *p) {
 329         char **l;
 330         assert(p);
 331
 332         if (!(l = strv_split(p, ":")))
 333                 return NULL;
 334
 335         if (!strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(l)) {
 336                 strv_free(l);
 337                 return NULL;
 338         }
 339
 340         return l;
 341 }
 342
 343 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
 344         int r;
 345         FILE *f;
 346         char fn[132], line[256], *p;
 347         long long unsigned ppid;
 348
 349         assert(pid >= 0);
 350         assert(_ppid);
 351
 352         assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%llu/stat", (unsigned long long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
 353         fn[sizeof(fn)-1] = 0;
 354
 355         if (!(f = fopen(fn, "r")))
 356                 return -errno;
 357
 358         if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
 359                 r = -errno;
 360                 fclose(f);
 361                 return r;
 362         }
 363
 364         fclose(f);
 365
 366         /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
 367          * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
 368          * skip over it manually */
 369
 370         if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
 371                 return -EIO;
 372
 373         p++;
 374
 375         if (sscanf(p, " "
 376                    "%*c "  /* state */
 377                    "%llu ", /* ppid */
 378                    &ppid) != 1)
 379                 return -EIO;
 380
 381         if ((long long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
 382                 return -ERANGE;
 383
 384         *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
 385
 386         return 0;
 387 }
 388
 389 int write_one_line_file(const char *fn, const char *line) {
 390         FILE *f;
 391         int r;
 392
 393         assert(fn);
 394         assert(line);
 395
 396         if (!(f = fopen(fn, "we")))
 397                 return -errno;
 398
 399         if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
 400                 r = -errno;
 401                 goto finish;
 402         }
 403
 404         r = 0;
 405 finish:
 406         fclose(f);
 407         return r;
 408 }
 409
 410 int read_one_line_file(const char *fn, char **line) {
 411         FILE *f;
 412         int r;
 413         char t[64], *c;
 414
 415         assert(fn);
 416         assert(line);
 417
 418         if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
 419                 return -errno;
 420
 421         if (!(fgets(t, sizeof(t), f))) {
 422                 r = -errno;
 423                 goto finish;
 424         }
 425
 426         if (!(c = strdup(t))) {
 427                 r = -ENOMEM;
 428                 goto finish;
 429         }
 430
 431         *line = c;
 432         r = 0;
 433
 434 finish:
 435         fclose(f);
 436         return r;
 437 }
 438
 439 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
 440         size_t a, b;
 441         char *r;
 442
 443         assert(s);
 444         assert(suffix);
 445
 446         a = strlen(s);
 447         b = strlen(suffix);
 448
 449         if (!(r = new(char, a+b+1)))
 450                 return NULL;
 451
 452         memcpy(r, s, a);
 453         memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
 454         r[a+b] = 0;
 455
 456         return r;
 457 }
 458
 459 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
 460         size_t l = 100;
 461
 462         assert(p);
 463         assert(r);
 464
 465         for (;;) {
 466                 char *c;
 467                 ssize_t n;
 468
 469                 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
 470                         return -ENOMEM;
 471
 472                 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
 473                         int ret = -errno;
 474                         free(c);
 475                         return ret;
 476                 }
 477
 478                 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
 479                         c[n] = 0;
 480                         *r = c;
 481                         return 0;
 482                 }
 483
 484                 free(c);
 485                 l *= 2;
 486         }
 487 }
 488
 489 char *file_name_from_path(const char *p) {
 490         char *r;
 491
 492         assert(p);
 493
 494         if ((r = strrchr(p, '/')))
 495                 return r + 1;
 496
 497         return (char*) p;
 498 }
 499
 500 bool path_is_absolute(const char *p) {
 501         assert(p);
 502
 503         return p[0] == '/';
 504 }
 505
 506 bool is_path(const char *p) {
 507
 508         return !!strchr(p, '/');
 509 }
 510
 511 char *path_make_absolute(const char *p, const char *prefix) {
 512         char *r;
 513
 514         assert(p);
 515
 516         /* Makes every item in the list an absolute path by prepending
 517          * the prefix, if specified and necessary */
 518
 519         if (path_is_absolute(p) || !prefix)
 520                 return strdup(p);
 521
 522         if (asprintf(&r, "%s/%s", prefix, p) < 0)
 523                 return NULL;
 524
 525         return r;
 526 }
 527
 528 char *path_make_absolute_cwd(const char *p) {
 529         char *cwd, *r;
 530
 531         assert(p);
 532
 533         /* Similar to path_make_absolute(), but prefixes with the
 534          * current working directory. */
 535
 536         if (path_is_absolute(p))
 537                 return strdup(p);
 538
 539         if (!(cwd = get_current_dir_name()))
 540                 return NULL;
 541
 542         r = path_make_absolute(p, cwd);
 543         free(cwd);
 544
 545         return r;
 546 }
 547
 548 char **strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(char **l) {
 549         char **s;
 550
 551         /* Goes through every item in the string list and makes it
 552          * absolute. This works in place and won't rollback any
 553          * changes on failure. */
 554
 555         STRV_FOREACH(s, l) {
 556                 char *t;
 557
 558                 if (!(t = path_make_absolute_cwd(*s)))
 559                         return NULL;
 560
 561                 free(*s);
 562                 *s = t;
 563         }
 564
 565         return l;
 566 }
 567
 568 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
 569         int sig;
 570
 571         for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
 572                 struct sigaction sa;
 573
 574                 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
 575                         continue;
 576
 577                 zero(sa);
 578                 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
 579                 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 580
 581                 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
 582                  * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
 583                 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
 584                         if (errno != EINVAL)
 585                                 return -errno;
 586         }
 587
 588         return 0;
 589 }
 590
 591 char *strstrip(char *s) {
 592         char *e, *l = NULL;
 593
 594         /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
 595          * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
 596
 597         s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
 598
 599         for (e = s; *e; e++)
 600                 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
 601                         l = e;
 602
 603         if (l)
 604                 *(l+1) = 0;
 605         else
 606                 *s = 0;
 607
 608         return s;
 609
 610 }
 611
 612 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
 613         char *e, *r;
 614         size_t k;
 615
 616         assert(path);
 617         assert(filename);
 618
 619         /* This removes the last component of path and appends
 620          * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
 621          * former isn't */
 622
 623         if (path_is_absolute(filename))
 624                 return strdup(filename);
 625
 626         if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
 627                 return strdup(filename);
 628
 629         k = strlen(filename);
 630         if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
 631                 return NULL;
 632
 633         memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
 634         memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
 635
 636         return r;
 637 }
 638
 639 int mkdir_parents(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
 640         const char *p, *e;
 641
 642         assert(path);
 643
 644         /* Creates every parent directory in the path except the last
 645          * component. */
 646
 647         p = path + strspn(path, "/");
 648         for (;;) {
 649                 int r;
 650                 char *t;
 651
 652                 e = p + strcspn(p, "/");
 653                 p = e + strspn(e, "/");
 654
 655                 /* Is this the last component? If so, then we're
 656                  * done */
 657                 if (*p == 0)
 658                         return 0;
 659
 660                 if (!(t = strndup(path, e - path)))
 661                         return -ENOMEM;
 662
 663                 r = mkdir(t, mode);
 664
 665                 free(t);
 666
 667                 if (r < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
 668                         return -errno;
 669         }
 670 }
 671
 672 char hexchar(int x) {
 673         static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
 674
 675         return table[x & 15];
 676 }
 677
 678 int unhexchar(char c) {
 679
 680         if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
 681                 return c - '0';
 682
 683         if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
 684                 return c - 'a' + 10;
 685
 686         if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
 687                 return c - 'A' + 10;
 688
 689         return -1;
 690 }
 691
 692 char octchar(int x) {
 693         return '0' + (x & 7);
 694 }
 695
 696 int unoctchar(char c) {
 697
 698         if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
 699                 return c - '0';
 700
 701         return -1;
 702 }
 703
 704 char *cescape(const char *s) {
 705         char *r, *t;
 706         const char *f;
 707
 708         assert(s);
 709
 710         /* Does C style string escaping. */
 711
 712         if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1)))
 713                 return NULL;
 714
 715         for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
 716
 717                 switch (*f) {
 718
 719                 case '\a':
 720                         *(t++) = '\\';
 721                         *(t++) = 'a';
 722                         break;
 723                 case '\b':
 724                         *(t++) = '\\';
 725                         *(t++) = 'b';
 726                         break;
 727                 case '\f':
 728                         *(t++) = '\\';
 729                         *(t++) = 'f';
 730                         break;
 731                 case '\n':
 732                         *(t++) = '\\';
 733                         *(t++) = 'n';
 734                         break;
 735                 case '\r':
 736                         *(t++) = '\\';
 737                         *(t++) = 'r';
 738                         break;
 739                 case '\t':
 740                         *(t++) = '\\';
 741                         *(t++) = 't';
 742                         break;
 743                 case '\v':
 744                         *(t++) = '\\';
 745                         *(t++) = 'v';
 746                         break;
 747                 case '\\':
 748                         *(t++) = '\\';
 749                         *(t++) = '\\';
 750                         break;
 751                 case '"':
 752                         *(t++) = '\\';
 753                         *(t++) = '"';
 754                         break;
 755                 case '\'':
 756                         *(t++) = '\\';
 757                         *(t++) = '\'';
 758                         break;
 759
 760                 default:
 761                         /* For special chars we prefer octal over
 762                          * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
 763                          * g_strescape() does the same */
 764                         if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
 765                                 *(t++) = '\\';
 766                                 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
 767                                 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
 768                                 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
 769                         } else
 770                                 *(t++) = *f;
 771                         break;
 772                 }
 773
 774         *t = 0;
 775
 776         return r;
 777 }
 778
 779 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
 780         char *r, *t;
 781         const char *f;
 782
 783         assert(s);
 784
 785         /* Undoes C style string escaping */
 786
 787         if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)+1)))
 788                 return r;
 789
 790         for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
 791
 792                 if (*f != '\\') {
 793                         *(t++) = *f;
 794                         continue;
 795                 }
 796
 797                 f++;
 798
 799                 switch (*f) {
 800
 801                 case 'a':
 802                         *(t++) = '\a';
 803                         break;
 804                 case 'b':
 805                         *(t++) = '\b';
 806                         break;
 807                 case 'f':
 808                         *(t++) = '\f';
 809                         break;
 810                 case 'n':
 811                         *(t++) = '\n';
 812                         break;
 813                 case 'r':
 814                         *(t++) = '\r';
 815                         break;
 816                 case 't':
 817                         *(t++) = '\t';
 818                         break;
 819                 case 'v':
 820                         *(t++) = '\v';
 821                         break;
 822                 case '\\':
 823                         *(t++) = '\\';
 824                         break;
 825                 case '"':
 826                         *(t++) = '"';
 827                         break;
 828                 case '\'':
 829                         *(t++) = '\'';
 830                         break;
 831
 832                 case 'x': {
 833                         /* hexadecimal encoding */
 834                         int a, b;
 835
 836                         if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
 837                             (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
 838                                 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
 839                                 *(t++) = '\\';
 840                                 *(t++) = 'x';
 841                         } else {
 842                                 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
 843                                 f += 2;
 844                         }
 845
 846                         break;
 847                 }
 848
 849                 case '0':
 850                 case '1':
 851                 case '2':
 852                 case '3':
 853                 case '4':
 854                 case '5':
 855                 case '6':
 856                 case '7': {
 857                         /* octal encoding */
 858                         int a, b, c;
 859
 860                         if ((a = unoctchar(f[0])) < 0 ||
 861                             (b = unoctchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
 862                             (c = unoctchar(f[2])) < 0) {
 863                                 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
 864                                 *(t++) = '\\';
 865                                 *(t++) = f[0];
 866                         } else {
 867                                 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
 868                                 f += 2;
 869                         }
 870
 871                         break;
 872                 }
 873
 874                 case 0:
 875                         /* premature end of string.*/
 876                         *(t++) = '\\';
 877                         goto finish;
 878
 879                 default:
 880                         /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
 881                         *(t++) = '\\';
 882                         *(t++) = 'f';
 883                         break;
 884                 }
 885         }
 886
 887 finish:
 888         *t = 0;
 889         return r;
 890 }
 891
 892
 893 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
 894         char *r, *t;
 895         const char *f;
 896
 897         /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
 898          * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
 899          * cunescape. */
 900
 901         if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4+1)))
 902                 return NULL;
 903
 904         for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
 905
 906                 if (*f < ' ' || *f >= 127 ||
 907                     *f == '\\' || strchr(bad, *f)) {
 908                         *(t++) = '\\';
 909                         *(t++) = 'x';
 910                         *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
 911                         *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
 912                 } else
 913                         *(t++) = *f;
 914         }
 915
 916         *t = 0;
 917
 918         return r;
 919 }
 920
 921 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
 922         char *r, *t;
 923         const char *f;
 924
 925         assert(s);
 926
 927         /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
 928          * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */
 929
 930         if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*3+1)))
 931                 return NULL;
 932
 933         for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
 934
 935                 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
 936                     !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
 937                     !(*f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
 938                         *(t++) = '_';
 939                         *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
 940                         *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
 941                 } else
 942                         *(t++) = *f;
 943         }
 944
 945         *t = 0;
 946
 947         return r;
 948 }
 949
 950 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *s) {
 951         char *r, *t;
 952         const char *f;
 953
 954         assert(s);
 955
 956         if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)+1)))
 957                 return NULL;
 958
 959         for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
 960
 961                 if (*f == '_') {
 962                         int a, b;
 963
 964                         if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
 965                             (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
 966                                 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
 967                                 *(t++) = '_';
 968                         } else {
 969                                 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
 970                                 f += 2;
 971                         }
 972                 } else
 973                         *(t++) = *f;
 974         }
 975
 976         *t = 0;
 977
 978         return r;
 979 }
 980
 981 char *path_kill_slashes(char *path) {
 982         char *f, *t;
 983         bool slash = false;
 984
 985         /* Removes redundant inner and trailing slashes. Modifies the
 986          * passed string in-place.
 987          *
 988          * ///foo///bar/ becomes /foo/bar
 989          */
 990
 991         for (f = path, t = path; *f; f++) {
 992
 993                 if (*f == '/') {
 994                         slash = true;
 995                         continue;
 996                 }
 997
 998                 if (slash) {
 999                         slash = false;
1000                         *(t++) = '/';
1001                 }
1002
1003                 *(t++) = *f;
1004         }
1005
1006         /* Special rule, if we are talking of the root directory, a
1007         trailing slash is good */
1008
1009         if (t == path && slash)
1010                 *(t++) = '/';
1011
1012         *t = 0;
1013         return path;
1014 }
1015
1016 bool path_startswith(const char *path, const char *prefix) {
1017         assert(path);
1018         assert(prefix);
1019
1020         if ((path[0] == '/') != (prefix[0] == '/'))
1021                 return false;
1022
1023         for (;;) {
1024                 size_t a, b;
1025
1026                 path += strspn(path, "/");
1027                 prefix += strspn(prefix, "/");
1028
1029                 if (*prefix == 0)
1030                         return true;
1031
1032                 if (*path == 0)
1033                         return false;
1034
1035                 a = strcspn(path, "/");
1036                 b = strcspn(prefix, "/");
1037
1038                 if (a != b)
1039                         return false;
1040
1041                 if (memcmp(path, prefix, a) != 0)
1042                         return false;
1043
1044                 path += a;
1045                 prefix += b;
1046         }
1047 }
1048
1049 char *ascii_strlower(char *path) {
1050         char *p;
1051
1052         assert(path);
1053
1054         for (p = path; *p; p++)
1055                 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1056                         *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1057
1058         return p;
1059 }
1060
1061 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1062         assert(filename);
1063
1064         return
1065                 filename[0] == '.' ||
1066                 endswith(filename, "~") ||
1067                 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1068                 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1069                 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1070                 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1071                 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1072                 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1073 }
1074
1075 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
1076         [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
1077         [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
1078         [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
1079         [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
1080 };
1081
1082 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ioprio_class, int);
1083
1084 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
1085         [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
1086         [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
1087         [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
1088         [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
1089         [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
1090         [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
1091 };
1092
1093 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
1094
1095 static const char *const log_facility_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
1096         [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
1097         [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
1098         [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
1099         [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
1100         [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
1101         [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
1102         [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
1103         [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
1104         [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
1105         [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
1106         [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
1107         [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
1108         [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
1109         [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
1110         [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
1111         [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
1112         [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
1113         [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
1114         [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
1115         [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
1116 };
1117
1118 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_facility, int);
1119
1120 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
1121         [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
1122         [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
1123         [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
1124         [LOG_ERR] = "err",
1125         [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
1126         [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
1127         [LOG_INFO] = "info",
1128         [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
1129 };
1130
1131 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_level, int);
1132
1133 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
1134         [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
1135         [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
1136         [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
1137         [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
1138         [SCHED_RR] = "rr"
1139 };
1140
1141 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sched_policy, int);
1142
1143 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
1144         [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
1145         [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
1146         [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
1147         [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
1148         [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
1149         [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
1150         [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
1151         [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
1152         [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
1153         [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
1154         [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
1155         [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
1156         [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
1157         [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
1158         [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
1159         [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
1160 };
1161
1162 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);