src/installer/hw.c

   1 /*#############################################################################
   2 #                                                                             #
   3 # IPFire - An Open Source Firewall Distribution                               #
   4 # Copyright (C) 2014 IPFire development team                                  #
   5 #                                                                             #
   6 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify        #
   7 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by        #
   8 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or           #
   9 # (at your option) any later version.                                         #
  10 #                                                                             #
  11 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,             #
  12 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of              #
  13 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the               #
  14 # GNU General Public License for more details.                                #
  15 #                                                                             #
  16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License           #
  17 # along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.       #
  18 #                                                                             #
  19 #############################################################################*/
  20
  21 #ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
  22 #define _GNU_SOURCE
  23 #endif
  24
  25 #include <assert.h>
  26 #include <blkid/blkid.h>
  27 #include <errno.h>
  28 #include <fcntl.h>
  29 #include <libudev.h>
  30 #include <linux/loop.h>
  31 #include <math.h>
  32 #include <stdio.h>
  33 #include <stdlib.h>
  34 #include <string.h>
  35 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  36 #include <sys/mount.h>
  37 #include <sys/stat.h>
  38 #include <sys/swap.h>
  39 #include <sys/sysinfo.h>
  40 #include <unistd.h>
  41
  42 #include <linux/fs.h>
  43
  44 #include <libsmooth.h>
  45
  46 #include "hw.h"
  47
  48 const char* other_filesystems[] = {
  49         "/dev",
  50         "/proc",
  51         "/sys",
  52         NULL
  53 };
  54
  55 static int system_chroot(const char* output, const char* path, const char* cmd) {
  56         char chroot_cmd[STRING_SIZE];
  57
  58         snprintf(chroot_cmd, sizeof(chroot_cmd), "/usr/sbin/chroot %s %s", path, cmd);
  59
  60         return mysystem(output, chroot_cmd);
  61 }
  62
  63 struct hw* hw_init() {
  64         struct hw* hw = calloc(1, sizeof(*hw));
  65         assert(hw);
  66
  67         // Initialize libudev
  68         hw->udev = udev_new();
  69         if (!hw->udev) {
  70                 fprintf(stderr, "Could not create udev instance\n");
  71                 exit(1);
  72         }
  73
  74         // Detect if we are running in EFI mode
  75         int ret = access("/sys/firmware/efi", R_OK);
  76         if (ret == 0)
  77                 hw->efi = 1;
  78
  79         return hw;
  80 }
  81
  82 void hw_free(struct hw* hw) {
  83         if (hw->udev)
  84                 udev_unref(hw->udev);
  85
  86         free(hw);
  87 }
  88
  89 static int strstartswith(const char* a, const char* b) {
  90         return (strncmp(a, b, strlen(b)) == 0);
  91 }
  92
  93 static char loop_device[STRING_SIZE];
  94
  95 static int setup_loop_device(const char* source, const char* device) {
  96         int file_fd = open(source, O_RDWR);
  97         if (file_fd < 0)
  98                 goto ERROR;
  99
 100         int device_fd = -1;
 101         if ((device_fd = open(device, O_RDWR)) < 0)
 102                 goto ERROR;
 103
 104         if (ioctl(device_fd, LOOP_SET_FD, file_fd) < 0)
 105                 goto ERROR;
 106
 107         close(file_fd);
 108         close(device_fd);
 109
 110         return 0;
 111
 112 ERROR:
 113         if (file_fd >= 0)
 114                 close(file_fd);
 115
 116         if (device_fd >= 0) {
 117                 ioctl(device_fd, LOOP_CLR_FD, 0);
 118                 close(device_fd);
 119         }
 120
 121         return -1;
 122 }
 123
 124 int hw_mount(const char* source, const char* target, const char* fs, int flags) {
 125         const char* loop_device = "/dev/loop0";
 126
 127         // Create target if it does not exist
 128         if (access(target, X_OK) != 0)
 129                 mkdir(target, S_IRWXU|S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO);
 130
 131         struct stat st;
 132         stat(source, &st);
 133
 134         if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
 135                 int r = setup_loop_device(source, loop_device);
 136                 if (r == 0) {
 137                         source = loop_device;
 138                 } else {
 139                         return -1;
 140                 }
 141         }
 142
 143         return mount(source, target, fs, flags, NULL);
 144 }
 145
 146 int hw_umount(const char* target) {
 147         int r = umount2(target, 0);
 148
 149         if (r && errno == EBUSY) {
 150                 // Give it a moment to settle
 151                 sleep(1);
 152
 153                 r = umount2(target, MNT_FORCE);
 154         }
 155
 156         return r;
 157 }
 158
 159 static int hw_test_source_medium(const char* path) {
 160         int ret = hw_mount(path, SOURCE_MOUNT_PATH, "iso9660", MS_RDONLY);
 161
 162         // If the source could not be mounted we
 163         // cannot proceed.
 164         if (ret != 0)
 165                 return ret;
 166
 167         // Check if the test file exists.
 168         ret = access(SOURCE_TEST_FILE, R_OK);
 169
 170         // Umount the test device.
 171         hw_umount(SOURCE_MOUNT_PATH);
 172
 173         return ret;
 174 }
 175
 176 char* hw_find_source_medium(struct hw* hw) {
 177         char* ret = NULL;
 178
 179         struct udev_enumerate* enumerate = udev_enumerate_new(hw->udev);
 180
 181         udev_enumerate_add_match_subsystem(enumerate, "block");
 182         udev_enumerate_scan_devices(enumerate);
 183
 184         struct udev_list_entry* devices = udev_enumerate_get_list_entry(enumerate);
 185
 186         struct udev_list_entry* dev_list_entry;
 187         udev_list_entry_foreach(dev_list_entry, devices) {
 188                 const char* path = udev_list_entry_get_name(dev_list_entry);
 189                 struct udev_device* dev = udev_device_new_from_syspath(hw->udev, path);
 190
 191                 const char* dev_path = udev_device_get_devnode(dev);
 192
 193                 // Skip everything what we cannot work with
 194                 if (strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/loop") || strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/fd") ||
 195                                 strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/ram") || strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/md"))
 196                         continue;
 197
 198                 if (hw_test_source_medium(dev_path) == 0) {
 199                         ret = strdup(dev_path);
 200                 }
 201
 202                 udev_device_unref(dev);
 203
 204                 // If a suitable device was found the search will end.
 205                 if (ret)
 206                         break;
 207         }
 208
 209         udev_enumerate_unref(enumerate);
 210
 211         return ret;
 212 }
 213
 214 static struct hw_disk** hw_create_disks() {
 215         struct hw_disk** ret = malloc(sizeof(*ret) * (HW_MAX_DISKS + 1));
 216
 217         return ret;
 218 }
 219
 220 static unsigned long long hw_block_device_get_size(const char* dev) {
 221         int fd = open(dev, O_RDONLY);
 222         if (fd < 0)
 223                 return 0;
 224
 225         unsigned long long size = blkid_get_dev_size(fd);
 226         close(fd);
 227
 228         return size;
 229 }
 230
 231 struct hw_disk** hw_find_disks(struct hw* hw, const char* sourcedrive) {
 232         struct hw_disk** ret = hw_create_disks();
 233         struct hw_disk** disks = ret;
 234
 235         struct udev_enumerate* enumerate = udev_enumerate_new(hw->udev);
 236
 237         udev_enumerate_add_match_subsystem(enumerate, "block");
 238         udev_enumerate_scan_devices(enumerate);
 239
 240         struct udev_list_entry* devices = udev_enumerate_get_list_entry(enumerate);
 241
 242         struct udev_list_entry* dev_list_entry;
 243         unsigned int i = HW_MAX_DISKS;
 244         udev_list_entry_foreach(dev_list_entry, devices) {
 245                 const char* path = udev_list_entry_get_name(dev_list_entry);
 246                 struct udev_device* dev = udev_device_new_from_syspath(hw->udev, path);
 247
 248                 const char* dev_path = udev_device_get_devnode(dev);
 249
 250                 // Skip everything what we cannot work with
 251                 if (strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/loop") || strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/fd") ||
 252                                 strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/ram") || strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/sr") ||
 253                                 strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/md")) {
 254                         udev_device_unref(dev);
 255                         continue;
 256                 }
 257
 258                 // Skip sourcedrive if we need to
 259                 if (sourcedrive && (strcmp(dev_path, sourcedrive) == 0)) {
 260                         udev_device_unref(dev);
 261                         continue;
 262                 }
 263
 264                 // DEVTYPE must be disk (otherwise we will see all sorts of partitions here)
 265                 const char* devtype = udev_device_get_property_value(dev, "DEVTYPE");
 266                 if (devtype && (strcmp(devtype, "disk") != 0)) {
 267                         udev_device_unref(dev);
 268                         continue;
 269                 }
 270
 271                 // Skip devices with a size of zero
 272                 unsigned long long size = hw_block_device_get_size(dev_path);
 273                 if (size == 0) {
 274                         udev_device_unref(dev);
 275                         continue;
 276                 }
 277
 278                 struct hw_disk* disk = malloc(sizeof(*disk));
 279                 if (disk == NULL)
 280                         return NULL;
 281
 282                 disk->ref = 1;
 283
 284                 strncpy(disk->path, dev_path, sizeof(disk->path));
 285                 const char* p = disk->path + 5;
 286
 287                 disk->size = size;
 288
 289                 // Vendor
 290                 const char* vendor = udev_device_get_property_value(dev, "ID_VENDOR");
 291                 if (!vendor)
 292                         vendor = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, "vendor");
 293                 if (!vendor)
 294                         vendor = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, "manufacturer");
 295
 296                 if (vendor)
 297                         strncpy(disk->vendor, vendor, sizeof(disk->vendor));
 298                 else
 299                         *disk->vendor = '\0';
 300
 301                 // Model
 302                 const char* model = udev_device_get_property_value(dev, "ID_MODEL");
 303                 if (!model)
 304                         model = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, "model");
 305                 if (!model)
 306                         model = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, "product");
 307
 308                 if (model)
 309                         strncpy(disk->model, model, sizeof(disk->model));
 310                 else
 311                         *disk->model = '\0';
 312
 313                 // Format description
 314                 char size_str[STRING_SIZE];
 315                 snprintf(size_str, sizeof(size_str), "%4.1fGB", (double)disk->size / pow(1024, 3));
 316
 317                 if (*disk->vendor && *disk->model) {
 318                         snprintf(disk->description, sizeof(disk->description),
 319                                 "%s - %s - %s - %s", size_str, p, disk->vendor, disk->model);
 320
 321                 } else if (*disk->vendor || *disk->model) {
 322                         snprintf(disk->description, sizeof(disk->description),
 323                                 "%s - %s - %s", size_str, p, (*disk->vendor) ? disk->vendor : disk->model);
 324
 325                 } else {
 326                         snprintf(disk->description, sizeof(disk->description),
 327                                 "%s - %s", size_str, p);
 328                 }
 329
 330                 // Cut off the description string after 40 characters
 331                 disk->description[41] = '\0';
 332
 333                 *disks++ = disk;
 334
 335                 if (--i == 0)
 336                         break;
 337
 338                 udev_device_unref(dev);
 339         }
 340
 341         udev_enumerate_unref(enumerate);
 342
 343         *disks = NULL;
 344
 345         return ret;
 346 }
 347
 348 void hw_free_disks(struct hw_disk** disks) {
 349         struct hw_disk** disk = disks;
 350
 351         while (*disk != NULL) {
 352                 if (--(*disk)->ref == 0)
 353                         free(*disk);
 354
 355                 disk++;
 356         }
 357
 358         free(disks);
 359 }
 360
 361 unsigned int hw_count_disks(const struct hw_disk** disks) {
 362         unsigned int ret = 0;
 363
 364         while (*disks++)
 365                 ret++;
 366
 367         return ret;
 368 }
 369
 370 struct hw_disk** hw_select_disks(struct hw_disk** disks, int* selection) {
 371         struct hw_disk** ret = hw_create_disks();
 372         struct hw_disk** selected_disks = ret;
 373
 374         unsigned int num_disks = hw_count_disks((const struct hw_disk**)disks);
 375
 376         for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_disks; i++) {
 377                 if (!selection || selection[i]) {
 378                         struct hw_disk *selected_disk = disks[i];
 379                         selected_disk->ref++;
 380
 381                         *selected_disks++ = selected_disk;
 382                 }
 383         }
 384
 385         // Set sentinel
 386         *selected_disks = NULL;
 387
 388         return ret;
 389 }
 390
 391 struct hw_disk** hw_select_first_disk(const struct hw_disk** disks) {
 392         struct hw_disk** ret = hw_create_disks();
 393         struct hw_disk** selected_disks = ret;
 394
 395         unsigned int num_disks = hw_count_disks(disks);
 396         assert(num_disks > 0);
 397
 398         for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_disks; i++) {
 399                 struct hw_disk *disk = disks[i];
 400                 disk->ref++;
 401
 402                 *selected_disks++ = disk;
 403                 break;
 404         }
 405
 406         // Set sentinel
 407         *selected_disks = NULL;
 408
 409         return ret;
 410 }
 411
 412 static unsigned long long hw_swap_size(struct hw_destination* dest) {
 413         unsigned long long memory = hw_memory();
 414
 415         unsigned long long swap_size = memory / 4;
 416
 417         // Min. swap size is 128MB
 418         if (swap_size < MB2BYTES(128))
 419                 swap_size = MB2BYTES(128);
 420
 421         // Cap swap size to 1GB
 422         else if (swap_size > MB2BYTES(1024))
 423                 swap_size = MB2BYTES(1024);
 424
 425         return swap_size;
 426 }
 427
 428 static unsigned long long hw_boot_size(struct hw_destination* dest) {
 429         return MB2BYTES(128);
 430 }
 431
 432 static int hw_device_has_p_suffix(const struct hw_destination* dest) {
 433         // All RAID devices have the p suffix.
 434         if (dest->is_raid)
 435                 return 1;
 436
 437         // Devices with a number at the end have the p suffix, too.
 438         // e.g. mmcblk0, cciss0
 439         unsigned int last_char = strlen(dest->path) - 1;
 440         if ((dest->path[last_char] >= '0') && (dest->path[last_char] <= '9'))
 441                 return 1;
 442
 443         return 0;
 444 }
 445
 446 static int hw_calculate_partition_table(struct hw_destination* dest, int disable_swap) {
 447         char path[DEV_SIZE];
 448         int part_idx = 1;
 449
 450         snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s%s", dest->path,
 451                 hw_device_has_p_suffix(dest) ? "p" : "");
 452         dest->part_boot_idx = 0;
 453
 454         // Determine the size of the target block device
 455         if (dest->is_raid) {
 456                 dest->size = (dest->disk1->size >= dest->disk2->size) ?
 457                         dest->disk2->size : dest->disk1->size;
 458
 459                 // The RAID will install some metadata at the end of the disk
 460                 // and we will save up some space for that.
 461                 dest->size -= MB2BYTES(2);
 462         } else {
 463                 dest->size = dest->disk1->size;
 464         }
 465
 466         // As we add some extra space before the beginning of the first
 467         // partition, we need to substract that here.
 468         dest->size -= MB2BYTES(1);
 469
 470         // Add some more space for partition tables, etc.
 471         dest->size -= MB2BYTES(1);
 472
 473         // The disk has to have at least 2GB
 474         if (dest->size <= MB2BYTES(2048))
 475                 return -1;
 476
 477         // Determine partition table
 478         dest->part_table = HW_PART_TABLE_MSDOS;
 479
 480         // Disks over 2TB need to use GPT
 481         if (dest->size >= MB2BYTES(2047 * 1024))
 482                 dest->part_table = HW_PART_TABLE_GPT;
 483
 484         // We also use GPT on raid disks by default
 485         else if (dest->is_raid)
 486                 dest->part_table = HW_PART_TABLE_GPT;
 487
 488         // When using GPT, GRUB2 needs a little bit of space to put
 489         // itself in.
 490         if (dest->part_table == HW_PART_TABLE_GPT) {
 491                 snprintf(dest->part_bootldr, sizeof(dest->part_bootldr),
 492                         "%s%d", path, part_idx);
 493
 494                 dest->size_bootldr = MB2BYTES(4);
 495
 496                 dest->part_boot_idx = part_idx++;
 497         } else {
 498                 *dest->part_bootldr = '\0';
 499                 dest->size_bootldr = 0;
 500         }
 501
 502         dest->size_boot = hw_boot_size(dest);
 503
 504         // Determine the size of the data partition.
 505         unsigned long long space_left = dest->size - \
 506                 (dest->size_bootldr + dest->size_boot);
 507
 508         // If we have less than 2GB left, we disable swap
 509         if (space_left <= MB2BYTES(2048))
 510                 disable_swap = 1;
 511
 512         // Should we use swap?
 513         if (disable_swap)
 514                 dest->size_swap = 0;
 515         else
 516                 dest->size_swap = hw_swap_size(dest);
 517
 518         // Subtract swap
 519         space_left -= dest->size_swap;
 520
 521         // Root is getting what ever is left
 522         dest->size_root = space_left;
 523
 524         // Set partition names
 525         if (dest->size_boot > 0) {
 526                 if (dest->part_boot_idx == 0)
 527                         dest->part_boot_idx = part_idx;
 528
 529                 snprintf(dest->part_boot, sizeof(dest->part_boot), "%s%d", path, part_idx++);
 530         } else
 531                 *dest->part_boot = '\0';
 532
 533         if (dest->size_swap > 0)
 534                 snprintf(dest->part_swap, sizeof(dest->part_swap), "%s%d", path, part_idx++);
 535         else
 536                 *dest->part_swap = '\0';
 537
 538         // There is always a root partition
 539         if (dest->part_boot_idx == 0)
 540                 dest->part_boot_idx = part_idx;
 541
 542         snprintf(dest->part_root, sizeof(dest->part_root), "%s%d", path, part_idx++);
 543
 544         return 0;
 545 }
 546
 547 struct hw_destination* hw_make_destination(int part_type, struct hw_disk** disks, int disable_swap) {
 548         struct hw_destination* dest = malloc(sizeof(*dest));
 549
 550         if (part_type == HW_PART_TYPE_NORMAL) {
 551                 dest->disk1 = *disks;
 552                 dest->disk2 = NULL;
 553
 554                 strncpy(dest->path, dest->disk1->path, sizeof(dest->path));
 555
 556         } else if (part_type == HW_PART_TYPE_RAID1) {
 557                 dest->disk1 = *disks++;
 558                 dest->disk2 = *disks;
 559                 dest->raid_level = 1;
 560
 561                 snprintf(dest->path, sizeof(dest->path), "/dev/md0");
 562         }
 563
 564         // Is this a RAID device?
 565         dest->is_raid = (part_type > HW_PART_TYPE_NORMAL);
 566
 567         int r = hw_calculate_partition_table(dest, disable_swap);
 568         if (r)
 569                 return NULL;
 570
 571         // Set default filesystem
 572         dest->filesystem = HW_FS_DEFAULT;
 573
 574         return dest;
 575 }
 576
 577 unsigned long long hw_memory() {
 578         struct sysinfo si;
 579
 580         int r = sysinfo(&si);
 581         if (r < 0)
 582                 return 0;
 583
 584         return si.totalram;
 585 }
 586
 587 static int hw_zero_out_device(const char* path, int bytes) {
 588         char block[512];
 589         memset(block, 0, sizeof(block));
 590
 591         int blocks = bytes / sizeof(block);
 592
 593         int fd = open(path, O_WRONLY);
 594         if (fd < 0)
 595                 return -1;
 596
 597         unsigned int bytes_written = 0;
 598         while (blocks-- > 0) {
 599                 bytes_written += write(fd, block, sizeof(block));
 600         }
 601
 602         fsync(fd);
 603         close(fd);
 604
 605         return bytes_written;
 606 }
 607
 608 static int try_open(const char* path) {
 609         FILE* f = fopen(path, "r");
 610         if (f) {
 611                 fclose(f);
 612                 return 0;
 613         }
 614
 615         return -1;
 616 }
 617
 618 int hw_create_partitions(struct hw_destination* dest, const char* output) {
 619         // Before we write a new partition table to the disk, we will erase
 620         // the first couple of megabytes at the beginning of the device to
 621         // get rid of all left other things like bootloaders and partition tables.
 622         // This solves some problems when changing from MBR to GPT partitions or
 623         // the other way around.
 624         int r = hw_zero_out_device(dest->path, MB2BYTES(10));
 625         if (r <= 0)
 626                 return r;
 627
 628         char* cmd = NULL;
 629         asprintf(&cmd, "/usr/sbin/parted -s %s -a optimal", dest->path);
 630
 631         // Set partition type
 632         if (dest->part_table == HW_PART_TABLE_MSDOS)
 633                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s mklabel msdos", cmd);
 634         else if (dest->part_table == HW_PART_TABLE_GPT)
 635                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s mklabel gpt", cmd);
 636
 637         unsigned long long part_start = MB2BYTES(1);
 638
 639         if (*dest->part_bootldr) {
 640                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s mkpart %s ext2 %lluB %lluB", cmd,
 641                         (dest->part_table == HW_PART_TABLE_GPT) ? "BOOTLDR" : "primary",
 642                 part_start, part_start + dest->size_bootldr - 1);
 643
 644                 part_start += dest->size_bootldr;
 645         }
 646
 647         if (*dest->part_boot) {
 648                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s mkpart %s ext2 %lluB %lluB", cmd,
 649                         (dest->part_table == HW_PART_TABLE_GPT) ? "BOOT" : "primary",
 650                         part_start, part_start + dest->size_boot - 1);
 651
 652                 part_start += dest->size_boot;
 653         }
 654
 655         if (*dest->part_swap) {
 656                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s mkpart %s linux-swap %lluB %lluB", cmd,
 657                         (dest->part_table == HW_PART_TABLE_GPT) ? "SWAP" : "primary",
 658                         part_start, part_start + dest->size_swap - 1);
 659
 660                 part_start += dest->size_swap;
 661         }
 662
 663         if (*dest->part_root) {
 664                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s mkpart %s ext2 %lluB %lluB", cmd,
 665                         (dest->part_table == HW_PART_TABLE_GPT) ? "ROOT" : "primary",
 666                         part_start, part_start + dest->size_root - 1);
 667
 668                 part_start += dest->size_root;
 669         }
 670
 671         if (dest->part_boot_idx > 0)
 672                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s set %d boot on", cmd, dest->part_boot_idx);
 673
 674         if (dest->part_table == HW_PART_TABLE_GPT) {
 675                 if (*dest->part_bootldr) {
 676                         asprintf(&cmd, "%s set %d bios_grub on", cmd, dest->part_boot_idx);
 677                 }
 678                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s disk_set pmbr_boot on", cmd);
 679         }
 680
 681         r = mysystem(output, cmd);
 682
 683         // Wait until the system re-read the partition table
 684         if (r == 0) {
 685                 unsigned int counter = 10;
 686
 687                 while (counter-- > 0) {
 688                         sleep(1);
 689
 690                         if (*dest->part_bootldr && (try_open(dest->part_bootldr) != 0))
 691                                 continue;
 692
 693                         if (*dest->part_boot && (try_open(dest->part_boot) != 0))
 694                                 continue;
 695
 696                         if (*dest->part_swap && (try_open(dest->part_swap) != 0))
 697                                 continue;
 698
 699                         if (*dest->part_root && (try_open(dest->part_root) != 0))
 700                                 continue;
 701
 702                         // All partitions do exist, exiting the loop.
 703                         break;
 704                 }
 705         }
 706
 707         if (cmd)
 708                 free(cmd);
 709
 710         return r;
 711 }
 712
 713 static int hw_format_filesystem(const char* path, int fs, const char* output) {
 714         char cmd[STRING_SIZE] = "\0";
 715
 716         // Swap
 717         if (fs == HW_FS_SWAP) {
 718                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "/sbin/mkswap -v1 %s &>/dev/null", path);
 719         // ReiserFS
 720         } else if (fs == HW_FS_REISERFS) {
 721                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "/sbin/mkreiserfs -f %s ", path);
 722
 723         // EXT4
 724         } else if (fs == HW_FS_EXT4) {
 725                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "/sbin/mke2fs -FF -T ext4 %s", path);
 726
 727         // EXT4 w/o journal
 728         } else if (fs == HW_FS_EXT4_WO_JOURNAL) {
 729                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "/sbin/mke2fs -FF -T ext4 -O ^has_journal %s", path);
 730
 731         // XFS
 732         } else if (fs == HW_FS_XFS) {
 733                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "/sbin/mkfs.xfs -f %s", path);
 734         }
 735
 736         assert(*cmd);
 737
 738         int r = mysystem(output, cmd);
 739
 740         return r;
 741 }
 742
 743 int hw_create_filesystems(struct hw_destination* dest, const char* output) {
 744         int r;
 745
 746         // boot
 747         if (*dest->part_boot) {
 748                 r = hw_format_filesystem(dest->part_boot, dest->filesystem, output);
 749                 if (r)
 750                         return r;
 751         }
 752
 753         // swap
 754         if (*dest->part_swap) {
 755                 r = hw_format_filesystem(dest->part_swap, HW_FS_SWAP, output);
 756                 if (r)
 757                         return r;
 758         }
 759
 760         // root
 761         r = hw_format_filesystem(dest->part_root, dest->filesystem, output);
 762         if (r)
 763                 return r;
 764
 765         return 0;
 766 }
 767
 768 int hw_mount_filesystems(struct hw_destination* dest, const char* prefix) {
 769         char target[STRING_SIZE];
 770
 771         assert(*prefix == '/');
 772
 773         const char* filesystem;
 774         switch (dest->filesystem) {
 775                 case HW_FS_REISERFS:
 776                         filesystem = "reiserfs";
 777                         break;
 778
 779                 case HW_FS_EXT4:
 780                 case HW_FS_EXT4_WO_JOURNAL:
 781                         filesystem = "ext4";
 782                         break;
 783
 784                 case HW_FS_XFS:
 785                         filesystem = "xfs";
 786                         break;
 787
 788                 default:
 789                         assert(0);
 790         }
 791
 792         // root
 793         int r = hw_mount(dest->part_root, prefix, filesystem, 0);
 794         if (r)
 795                 return r;
 796
 797         // boot
 798         if (*dest->part_boot) {
 799                 snprintf(target, sizeof(target), "%s%s", prefix, HW_PATH_BOOT);
 800                 mkdir(target, S_IRWXU|S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO);
 801
 802                 r = hw_mount(dest->part_boot, target, filesystem, 0);
 803                 if (r) {
 804                         hw_umount_filesystems(dest, prefix);
 805
 806                         return r;
 807                 }
 808         }
 809
 810         // swap
 811         if (*dest->part_swap) {
 812                 r = swapon(dest->part_swap, 0);
 813                 if (r) {
 814                         hw_umount_filesystems(dest, prefix);
 815
 816                         return r;
 817                 }
 818         }
 819
 820         // bind-mount misc filesystems
 821         char** otherfs = other_filesystems;
 822         while (*otherfs) {
 823                 snprintf(target, sizeof(target), "%s%s", prefix, *otherfs);
 824
 825                 mkdir(target, S_IRWXU|S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO);
 826                 r = hw_mount(*otherfs, target, NULL, MS_BIND);
 827                 if (r) {
 828                         hw_umount_filesystems(dest, prefix);
 829
 830                         return r;
 831                 }
 832
 833                 otherfs++;
 834         }
 835
 836         return 0;
 837 }
 838
 839 int hw_umount_filesystems(struct hw_destination* dest, const char* prefix) {
 840         int r;
 841         char target[STRING_SIZE];
 842
 843         // Write all buffers to disk before umounting
 844         hw_sync();
 845
 846         // boot
 847         if (*dest->part_boot) {
 848                 snprintf(target, sizeof(target), "%s%s", prefix, HW_PATH_BOOT);
 849                 r = hw_umount(target);
 850                 if (r)
 851                         return -1;
 852         }
 853
 854         // swap
 855         if (*dest->part_swap) {
 856                 swapoff(dest->part_swap);
 857         }
 858
 859         // misc filesystems
 860         char** otherfs = other_filesystems;
 861         while (*otherfs) {
 862                 snprintf(target, sizeof(target), "%s%s", prefix, *otherfs++);
 863                 r = hw_umount(target);
 864                 if (r)
 865                         return -1;
 866         }
 867
 868         // root
 869         r = hw_umount(prefix);
 870         if (r)
 871                 return -1;
 872
 873         return 0;
 874 }
 875
 876 int hw_destroy_raid_superblocks(const struct hw_destination* dest, const char* output) {
 877         char cmd[STRING_SIZE];
 878
 879         hw_stop_all_raid_arrays(output);
 880         hw_stop_all_raid_arrays(output);
 881
 882         if (dest->disk1) {
 883                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "/sbin/mdadm --zero-superblock %s", dest->disk1->path);
 884                 mysystem(output, cmd);
 885         }
 886
 887         if (dest->disk2) {
 888                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "/sbin/mdadm --zero-superblock %s", dest->disk2->path);
 889                 mysystem(output, cmd);
 890         }
 891
 892         return 0;
 893 }
 894
 895 int hw_setup_raid(struct hw_destination* dest, const char* output) {
 896         char* cmd = NULL;
 897         int r;
 898
 899         assert(dest->is_raid);
 900
 901         // Stop all RAID arrays that might be around (again).
 902         // It seems that there is some sort of race-condition with udev re-enabling
 903         // the raid arrays and therefore locking the disks.
 904         r = hw_destroy_raid_superblocks(dest, output);
 905
 906         asprintf(&cmd, "echo \"y\" | /sbin/mdadm --create --verbose --metadata=%s --auto=mdp %s",
 907                 RAID_METADATA, dest->path);
 908
 909         switch (dest->raid_level) {
 910                 case 1:
 911                         asprintf(&cmd, "%s --level=1 --raid-devices=2", cmd);
 912                         break;
 913
 914                 default:
 915                         assert(0);
 916         }
 917
 918         if (dest->disk1) {
 919                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s %s", cmd, dest->disk1->path);
 920
 921                 // Clear all data at the beginning
 922                 r = hw_zero_out_device(dest->disk1->path, MB2BYTES(10));
 923                 if (r <= 0)
 924                         return r;
 925         }
 926
 927         if (dest->disk2) {
 928                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s %s", cmd, dest->disk2->path);
 929
 930                 // Clear all data at the beginning
 931                 r = hw_zero_out_device(dest->disk2->path, MB2BYTES(10));
 932                 if (r <= 0)
 933                         return r;
 934         }
 935
 936         r = mysystem(output, cmd);
 937         free(cmd);
 938
 939         // Wait a moment until the device has been properly brought up
 940         if (r == 0) {
 941                 unsigned int counter = 10;
 942                 while (counter-- > 0) {
 943                         sleep(1);
 944
 945                         // If the raid device has not yet been properly brought up,
 946                         // opening it will fail with the message: Device or resource busy
 947                         // Hence we will wait a bit until it becomes usable.
 948                         if (try_open(dest->path) == 0)
 949                                 break;
 950                 }
 951         }
 952
 953         return r;
 954 }
 955
 956 int hw_stop_all_raid_arrays(const char* output) {
 957         return mysystem(output, "/sbin/mdadm --stop --scan --verbose");
 958 }
 959
 960 int hw_install_bootloader(struct hw_destination* dest, const char* output) {
 961         char cmd[STRING_SIZE];
 962         int r;
 963
 964         // Generate configuration file
 965         snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "/usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg");
 966         r = system_chroot(output, DESTINATION_MOUNT_PATH, cmd);
 967         if (r)
 968                 return r;
 969
 970         char cmd_grub[STRING_SIZE];
 971         snprintf(cmd_grub, sizeof(cmd_grub), "/usr/sbin/grub-install --no-floppy --recheck");
 972
 973         if (dest->is_raid) {
 974                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "%s %s", cmd_grub, dest->disk1->path);
 975                 r = system_chroot(output, DESTINATION_MOUNT_PATH, cmd);
 976                 if (r)
 977                         return r;
 978
 979                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "%s %s", cmd_grub, dest->disk2->path);
 980                 r = system_chroot(output, DESTINATION_MOUNT_PATH, cmd);
 981         } else {
 982                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "%s %s", cmd_grub, dest->path);
 983                 r = system_chroot(output, DESTINATION_MOUNT_PATH, cmd);
 984         }
 985
 986         hw_sync();
 987
 988         return r;
 989 }
 990
 991 static char* hw_get_uuid(const char* dev) {
 992         blkid_probe p = blkid_new_probe_from_filename(dev);
 993         const char* buffer = NULL;
 994         char* uuid = NULL;
 995
 996         if (!p)
 997                 return NULL;
 998
 999         blkid_do_probe(p);
1000         blkid_probe_lookup_value(p, "UUID", &buffer, NULL);
1001
1002         if (buffer)
1003                 uuid = strdup(buffer);
1004
1005         blkid_free_probe(p);
1006
1007         return uuid;
1008 }
1009
1010 #define FSTAB_FMT "UUID=%s %-8s %-4s %-10s %d %d\n"
1011
1012 int hw_write_fstab(struct hw_destination* dest) {
1013         FILE* f = fopen(DESTINATION_MOUNT_PATH "/etc/fstab", "w");
1014         if (!f)
1015                 return -1;
1016
1017         char* uuid = NULL;
1018
1019         // boot
1020         if (*dest->part_boot) {
1021                 uuid = hw_get_uuid(dest->part_boot);
1022
1023                 if (uuid) {
1024                         fprintf(f, FSTAB_FMT, uuid, "/boot", "auto", "defaults", 1, 2);
1025                         free(uuid);
1026                 }
1027         }
1028
1029         // swap
1030         if (*dest->part_swap) {
1031                 uuid = hw_get_uuid(dest->part_swap);
1032
1033                 if (uuid) {
1034                         fprintf(f, FSTAB_FMT, uuid, "swap", "swap", "defaults,pri=1", 0, 0);
1035                         free(uuid);
1036                 }
1037         }
1038
1039         // root
1040         uuid = hw_get_uuid(dest->part_root);
1041         if (uuid) {
1042                 fprintf(f, FSTAB_FMT, uuid, "/", "auto", "defaults", 1, 1);
1043                 free(uuid);
1044         }
1045
1046         fclose(f);
1047
1048         return 0;
1049 }
1050
1051 void hw_sync() {
1052         sync();
1053         sync();
1054         sync();
1055 }
1056
1057 int hw_start_networking(const char* output) {
1058         return mysystem(output, "/usr/bin/start-networking.sh");
1059 }
1060
1061 char* hw_find_backup_file(const char* output, const char* search_path) {
1062         char path[STRING_SIZE];
1063
1064         snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/backup.ipf", search_path);
1065         int r = access(path, R_OK);
1066
1067         if (r == 0)
1068                 return strdup(path);
1069
1070         return NULL;
1071 }
1072
1073 int hw_restore_backup(const char* output, const char* backup_path, const char* destination) {
1074         char command[STRING_SIZE];
1075
1076         snprintf(command, sizeof(command), "/bin/tar xzpf %s -C %s", backup_path, destination);
1077         int rc = mysystem(output, command);
1078
1079         if (rc)
1080                 return -1;
1081
1082         return 0;
1083 }