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b72432fd JA |
1 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.03 since |
2 | the release of bash-2.02. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
3 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
4 | ||
5 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
6 | ||
7 | a. New `shopt' option, `restricted_shell', indicating whether or not the | |
8 | shell was started in restricted mode, for use in startup files. | |
9 | ||
10 | b. Filename generation is now performed on the words between ( and ) in | |
11 | array assignments (which it probably should have done all along). | |
12 | ||
13 | c. OLDPWD is now auto-exported, as POSIX.2 seems to require. | |
14 | ||
15 | d. ENV and BASH_ENV are read-only variables in a restricted shell. | |
16 | ||
17 | e. A change was made to the startup file code so that any shell begun with | |
18 | the `--login' option, even non-interactive shells, will source the login | |
19 | shell startup files. | |
20 | ||
21 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
22 | ||
23 | a. Many changes to the signal handling: | |
24 | o Readline now catches SIGQUIT and cleans up the tty before returning; | |
25 | o A new variable, rl_catch_signals, is available to application writers | |
26 | to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its own | |
27 | signal handlers for SIGINT, SIGTERM, SIGQUIT, SIGALRM, SIGTSTP, | |
28 | SIGTTIN, and SIGTTOU; | |
29 | o A new variable, rl_catch_sigwinch, is available to application | |
30 | writers to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its | |
31 | own signal handler for SIGWINCH, which will chain to the calling | |
32 | applications's SIGWINCH handler, if one is installed; | |
33 | o There is a new function, rl_free_line_state, for application signal | |
34 | handlers to call to free up the state associated with the current | |
35 | line after receiving a signal; | |
36 | o There is a new function, rl_cleanup_after_signal, to clean up the | |
37 | display and terminal state after receiving a signal; | |
38 | o There is a new function, rl_reset_after_signal, to reinitialize the | |
39 | terminal and display state after an application signal handler | |
40 | returns and readline continues | |
41 | ||
42 | b. There is a new function, rl_resize_terminal, to reset readline's idea of | |
43 | the screen size after a SIGWINCH. | |
44 | ||
45 | c. New public functions: rl_save_prompt and rl_restore_prompt. These were | |
46 | previously private functions with a `_' prefix. | |
47 | ||
48 | d. New function hook: rl_pre_input_hook, called just before readline starts | |
49 | reading input, after initialization. | |
50 | ||
51 | e. New function hook: rl_display_matches_hook, called when readline would | |
52 | display the list of completion matches. The new function | |
53 | rl_display_match_list is what readline uses internally, and is available | |
54 | for use by application functions called via this hook. | |
55 | ||
56 | f. New bindable function, delete-char-or-list, like tcsh. | |
57 | ||
58 | g. A new variable, rl_erase_empty_line, which, if set by an application using | |
59 | readline, will cause readline to erase, prompt and all, lines on which the | |
60 | only thing typed was a newline. | |
61 | ||
62 | h. New bindable variable: `isearch-terminators'. | |
63 | ||
64 | i. New bindable function: `forward-backward-delete-char' (unbound by default). | |
65 | ||
66 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
cce855bc JA |
67 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.02 since |
68 | the release of bash-2.01.1. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
69 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
70 | ||
71 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
72 | ||
73 | a. A new version of malloc, based on the older GNU malloc, that has many | |
74 | changes, is more page-based, is more conservative with memory usage, | |
75 | and does not `orphan' large blocks when they are freed. | |
76 | ||
77 | b. A new version of gmalloc, based on the old GLIBC malloc, with many | |
78 | changes and range checking included by default. | |
79 | ||
80 | c. A new implementation of fnmatch(3) that includes full POSIX.2 Basic | |
81 | Regular Expression matching, including character classes, collating | |
82 | symbols, equivalence classes, and support for case-insensitive pattern | |
83 | matching. | |
84 | ||
85 | d. ksh-88 egrep-style extended pattern matching ([@+*?!](patlist)) has been | |
86 | implemented, controlled by a new `shopt' option, `extglob'. | |
87 | ||
88 | e. There is a new ksh-like `[[' compound command, which implements | |
89 | extended `test' functionality. | |
90 | ||
91 | f. There is a new `printf' builtin, implemented according to the POSIX.2 | |
92 | specification. | |
93 | ||
94 | g. There is a new feature for command substitution: $(< filename) now expands | |
95 | to the contents of `filename', with any trailing newlines removed | |
96 | (equivalent to $(cat filename)). | |
97 | ||
98 | h. There are new tilde prefixes which expand to directories from the | |
99 | directory stack. | |
100 | ||
101 | i. There is a new `**' arithmetic operator to do exponentiation. | |
102 | ||
103 | j. There are new configuration options to control how bash is linked: | |
104 | `--enable-profiling', to allow bash to be profiled with gprof, and | |
105 | `--enable-static-link', to allow bash to be linked statically. | |
106 | ||
107 | k. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-cond-command', which | |
108 | controls whether or not the `[[' command is included. It is on by | |
109 | default. | |
110 | ||
111 | l. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-extended-glob', which | |
112 | controls whether or not the ksh extended globbing feature is included. | |
113 | It is enabled by default. | |
114 | ||
115 | m. There is a new configuration #define in config.h.top that, when enabled, | |
116 | will cause all login shells to source /etc/profile and one of the user- | |
117 | specific login shell startup files, whether or not the shell is | |
118 | interactive. | |
119 | ||
120 | n. There is a new invocation option, `--dump-po-strings', to dump | |
121 | a shell script's translatable strings ($"...") in GNU `po' format. | |
122 | ||
123 | o. There is a new `shopt' option, `nocaseglob', to enable case-insensitive | |
124 | pattern matching when globbing filenames and using the `case' construct. | |
125 | ||
126 | p. There is a new `shopt' option, `huponexit', which, when enabled, causes | |
127 | the shell to send SIGHUP to all jobs when an interactive login shell | |
128 | exits. | |
129 | ||
130 | q. `bind' has a new `-u' option, which takes a readline function name as an | |
131 | argument and unbinds all key sequences bound to that function in a | |
132 | specified keymap. | |
133 | ||
134 | r. `disown' now has `-a' and `-r' options, to limit operation to all jobs | |
135 | and running jobs, respectively. | |
136 | ||
137 | s. The `shopt' `-p' option now causes output to be displayed in a reusable | |
138 | format. | |
139 | ||
140 | t. `test' has a new `-N' option, which returns true if the filename argument | |
141 | has been modified since it was last accessed. | |
142 | ||
143 | u. `umask' now has a `-p' option to print output in a reusable format. | |
144 | ||
145 | v. A new escape sequence, `\xNNN', has been added to the `echo -e' and $'...' | |
146 | translation code. It expands to the character whose ascii code is NNN | |
147 | in hexadecimal. | |
148 | ||
149 | w. The prompt string expansion code has a new `\r' escape sequence. | |
150 | ||
151 | x. The shell may now be cross-compiled for the CYGWIN32 environment on | |
152 | a Unix machine. | |
153 | ||
154 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
155 | ||
156 | a. There is now an option for `iterative' yank-last-arg handline, so a user | |
157 | can keep entering `M-.', yanking the last argument of successive history | |
158 | lines. | |
159 | ||
160 | b. New variable, `print-completions-horizontally', which causes completion | |
161 | matches to be displayed across the screen (like `ls -x') rather than up | |
162 | and down the screen (like `ls'). | |
163 | ||
164 | c. New variable, `completion-ignore-case', which causes filename completion | |
165 | and matching to be performed case-insensitively. | |
166 | ||
167 | d. There is a new bindable command, `magic-space', which causes history | |
168 | expansion to be performed on the current readline buffer and a space to | |
169 | be inserted into the result. | |
170 | ||
171 | e. There is a new bindable command, `menu-complete', which enables tcsh-like | |
172 | menu completion (successive executions of menu-complete insert a single | |
173 | completion match, cycling through the list of possible completions). | |
174 | ||
175 | f. There is a new bindable command, `paste-from-clipboard', for use on Win32 | |
176 | systems, to insert the text from the Win32 clipboard into the editing | |
177 | buffer. | |
178 | ||
179 | g. The key sequence translation code now understands printf-style backslash | |
180 | escape sequences, including \NNN octal escapes. These escape sequences | |
181 | may be used in key sequence definitions or macro values. | |
182 | ||
183 | h. An `$include' inputrc file parser directive has been added. | |
184 | ||
185 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
d166f048 JA |
186 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.01 since |
187 | the release of bash-2.0. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is the | |
188 | place to look for complete descriptions. | |
189 | ||
190 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
191 | ||
192 | a. There is a new builtin array variable: GROUPS, the set of groups to which | |
193 | the user belongs. This is used by the test suite. | |
194 | ||
195 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
196 | ||
197 | a. If a key sequence bound to `universal-argument' is read while reading a | |
198 | numeric argument started with `universal-argument', it terminates the | |
199 | argument but is otherwise ignored. This provides a way to insert multiple | |
200 | instances of a digit string, and is how GNU emacs does it. | |
201 | ||
202 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
ccc6cda3 JA |
203 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.0 since |
204 | the release of bash-1.14.7. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
205 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
726f6388 | 206 | |
ccc6cda3 | 207 | 1. New Features in Bash |
726f6388 | 208 | |
ccc6cda3 JA |
209 | a. There is a new invocation option, -D, that dumps translatable strings |
210 | in a script. | |
726f6388 | 211 | |
ccc6cda3 JA |
212 | b. The `long' invocation options must now be prefixed with `--'. |
213 | ||
214 | c. New long invocation options: --dump-strings, --help, --verbose | |
215 | ||
216 | d. The `nolineediting' invocation option was renamed to `noediting'. | |
217 | ||
218 | e. The `nobraceexpansion' and `quiet' long invocation options were removed. | |
219 | ||
220 | f. The `--help' and `--version' long options now work as the GNU coding | |
221 | standards specify. | |
222 | ||
223 | g. If invoked as `sh', bash now enters posix mode after reading the | |
224 | startup files, and reads and executes commands from the file named | |
225 | by $ENV if interactive (as POSIX.2 specifies). A login shell invoked | |
226 | as `sh' reads $ENV after /etc/profile and ~/.profile. | |
227 | ||
228 | h. There is a new reserved word, `time', for timing pipelines, builtin | |
229 | commands, and shell functions. It uses the value of the TIMEFORMAT | |
230 | variable as a format string describing how to print the timing | |
231 | statistics. | |
232 | ||
233 | i. The $'...' quoting syntax expands ANSI-C escapes in ... and leaves the | |
234 | result single-quoted. | |
235 | ||
236 | j. The $"..." quoting syntax performs locale-specific translation of ... | |
237 | and leaves the result double-quoted. | |
238 | ||
239 | k. LINENO now works correctly in functions. | |
240 | ||
241 | l. New variables: DIRSTACK, PIPESTATUS, BASH_VERSINFO, HOSTNAME, SHELLOPTS, | |
242 | MACHTYPE. The first three are array variables. | |
243 | ||
244 | m. The BASH_VERSION and BASH_VERSINFO variables now include the shell's | |
245 | `release status' (alpha[N], beta[N], release). | |
246 | ||
247 | n. Some variables have been removed: MAIL_WARNING, notify, history_control, | |
248 | command_oriented_history, glob_dot_filenames, allow_null_glob_expansion, | |
249 | nolinks, hostname_completion_file, noclobber, no_exit_on_failed_exec, and | |
250 | cdable_vars. Most of them are now implemented with the new `shopt' | |
251 | builtin; others were already implemented by `set'. | |
252 | ||
253 | o. Bash now uses some new variables: LC_ALL, LC_MESSAGES, LC_CTYPE, | |
254 | LC_COLLATE, LANG, GLOBIGNORE, HISTIGNORE. | |
255 | ||
256 | p. The shell now supports integer-indexed arrays of unlimited length, | |
257 | with a new compound assignment syntax and changes to the appropriate | |
258 | builtin commands (declare/typeset, read, readonly, etc.). The array | |
259 | index may be an arithmetic expression. | |
260 | ||
261 | q. ${!var}: indirect variable expansion, equivalent to eval \${$var}. | |
262 | ||
263 | r. ${paramter:offset[:length]}: variable substring extraction. | |
264 | ||
265 | s. ${parameter/pattern[/[/]string]}: variable pattern substitution. | |
266 | ||
267 | t. The $[...] arithmetic expansion syntax is no longer supported, in | |
268 | favor of $((...)). | |
269 | ||
270 | u. Aliases can now be expanded in shell scripts with a shell option | |
271 | (shopt expand_aliases). | |
272 | ||
273 | v. History and history expansion can now be used in scripts with | |
274 | set -o history and set -H. | |
275 | ||
276 | w. All builtins now return an exit status of 2 for incorrect usage. | |
277 | ||
278 | x. Interactive shells resend SIGHUP to all running or stopped children | |
279 | if (and only if) they exit due to a SIGHUP. | |
280 | ||
281 | y. New prompting expansions: \a, \e, \H, \T, \@, \v, \V. | |
282 | ||
283 | z. Variable expansion in prompt strings is now controllable via a shell | |
284 | option (shopt promptvars). | |
285 | ||
286 | aa. Bash now defaults to using command-oriented history. | |
287 | ||
288 | bb. The history file ($HISTFILE) is now truncated to $HISTFILESIZE after | |
289 | being written. | |
290 | ||
291 | cc. The POSIX.2 conditional arithmetic evaluation syntax (expr ? expr : expr) | |
292 | has been implemented. | |
293 | ||
294 | dd. Each builtin now accepts `--' to signify the end of the options, except | |
295 | as documented (echo, etc.). | |
296 | ||
297 | ee. All builtins use -p to display values in a re-readable format where | |
298 | appropriate, except as documented (echo, type, etc.). | |
299 | ||
300 | ff. The `alias' builtin has a new -p option. | |
301 | ||
302 | gg. Changes to the `bind' builtin: | |
303 | o has new options: -psPSVr. | |
304 | o the `-d' option was renamed to `-p' | |
305 | o the `-v' option now dumps variables; the old `-v' is now `-P' | |
306 | ||
307 | hh. The `bye' synonym for `exit' was removed. | |
308 | ||
309 | ii. The -L and -P options to `cd' and `pwd' have been documented. | |
310 | ||
311 | jj. The `cd' builtin now does spelling correction on the directory name | |
312 | by default. This is settable with a shell option (shopt cdspell). | |
313 | ||
314 | kk. The `declare' builtin has new options: -a, -F, -p. | |
315 | ||
316 | ll. The `dirs' builtin has new options: -c, -p, -v. | |
317 | ||
318 | mm. The new `disown' builtin removes jobs from the shell's jobs table | |
319 | or inhibits the resending of SIGHUP when the shell receives a | |
320 | SIGHUP. | |
321 | ||
322 | nn. The `echo' builtin has a new escape character: \e. | |
323 | ||
324 | oo. The `enable' builtin can now load new builtins dynamically from shared | |
325 | objects on systems with the dlopen/dlsym interface. There are a number | |
326 | of examples in the examples/loadables directory. There are also | |
327 | new options: -d, -f, -s, -p. | |
328 | ||
329 | pp. The `-all' option to `enable' was removed in favor of `-a'. | |
330 | ||
331 | qq. The `exec' builtin has new options: -l, -c, -a. | |
332 | ||
333 | rr. The `hash' builtin has a new option: -p. | |
334 | ||
335 | ss. The `history' builtin has new options: -c, -p, -s. | |
336 | ||
337 | tt. The `jobs' builtin has new options: -r, -s. | |
338 | ||
339 | uu. The `kill' builtin has new options: -n signum, -l signame. | |
340 | ||
341 | vv. The `pushd' and `popd' builtins have a new option: -n. | |
342 | ||
343 | ww. The `read' builtin has new options: -p prompt, -e, -a. | |
344 | ||
345 | xx. The `readonly' builtin has a new -a option, and the -n option was removed. | |
346 | ||
347 | yy. Changes to the `set' builtin: | |
348 | o new options: -B, -o keyword, -o onecmd, -o history | |
349 | o options removed: -l, -d, -o nohash | |
350 | o options changed: +o, -h, -o hashall | |
351 | o now displays variables in a format that can be re-read as input | |
352 | ||
353 | zz. The new `shopt' builtin controls shell optional behavior previously | |
354 | done by setting and unsetting certain shell variables. | |
355 | ||
356 | aaa. The `test' builtin has new operators: -o option, s1 == s2, s1 < s2, | |
357 | and s1 > s2, where s1 and s2 are strings. | |
358 | ||
359 | bbb. There is a new trap, DEBUG, executed after every simple command. | |
360 | ||
361 | ccc. The `trap' builtin has a new -p option. | |
362 | ||
363 | ddd. The `ulimit' builtin has a new -l option on 4.4BSD-based systems. | |
364 | ||
365 | eee. The PS1, PS2, PATH, and IFS variables may now be unset. | |
366 | ||
367 | fff. The restricted shell mode has been expanded and is now documented. | |
368 | ||
369 | ggg. Security improvements: | |
370 | o functions are not imported from the environment if running setuid | |
371 | or with -p | |
372 | o no startup files are sourced if running setuid or with -p | |
373 | ||
374 | hhh. The documentation has been overhauled: the texinfo manual was | |
375 | expanded, and HTML versions of the man page and texinfo manual | |
376 | are included. | |
377 | ||
378 | iii. Changes to Posix mode: | |
379 | o Command lookup now finds special builtins before shell functions. | |
380 | o Failure of a special builtin causes a non-interactive shell to | |
381 | exit. Failures are defined in the POSIX.2 specification. | |
382 | o If the `cd' builtin finds a directory to change to using $CDPATH, | |
383 | the value assigned to PWD when `cd' completes does not contain | |
384 | any symbolic links. | |
385 | o A non-interactive shell exits if a variable assignment error | |
386 | occurs when no command name follows the assignment statements. | |
387 | o A non-interactive shell exits if the interation variable in a | |
388 | `for' statement or the selection variable in a `select' statement | |
389 | is read-only or another variable assignment error occurs. | |
390 | o The `<>' redirection operator now opens a file for both stdin and | |
391 | stdout by default, not just when in posix mode. | |
392 | o Assignment statements preceding special builtins now persist in | |
393 | the shell's environment when the builtin completes. | |
394 | ||
395 | Posix mode is now completely POSIX.2-compliant (modulo bugs). When | |
396 | invoked as sh, bash should be completely POSIX.2-compliant. | |
397 | ||
398 | jjj. The default value of PS1 is now "\s-\v\$ ". | |
399 | ||
400 | kkk. The ksh-like ((...)) arithmetic command syntax has been implemented. | |
401 | This is exactly equivalent to `let "..."'. | |
402 | ||
403 | lll. Integer constants have been extended to base 64. | |
404 | ||
405 | mmm. The `ulimit' builtin now sets both hard and soft limits and reports the | |
406 | soft limit by default. | |
407 | ||
408 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
409 | ||
410 | a. New variables: enable-keypad, input-meta (new name for meta-flag), | |
411 | mark-directories, visible-stats (now documented), disable-completion, | |
412 | comment-begin. | |
413 | ||
414 | b. New bindable commands: kill-region, copy-region-as-kill, | |
415 | copy-backward-word, copy-forward-word, set-mark, exchange-point-and-mark, | |
416 | character-search, character-search-backward, insert-comment, | |
417 | glob-expand-word, glob-list-expansions, dump-variables, dump-macros. | |
418 | ||
419 | c. New emacs keybindings: delete-horizontal-space (M-\), | |
420 | insert-completions (M-*), possible-completions (M-=). | |
421 | ||
422 | d. The history-search-backward and history-search-forward commands were | |
423 | modified to be the same as previous-line and next-line if point is at | |
424 | the start of the line. | |
425 | ||
426 | e. More file types are available for the visible-stats mode. | |
427 | ||
428 | 3. Changes of interest in the Bash implementation | |
429 | ||
430 | a. There is a new autoconf-based configuration mechanism. | |
431 | ||
432 | b. More things have been moved from Posix mode to standard shell behavior. | |
433 | ||
434 | c. The trace output (set -x) now inserts quotes where necessary so it can | |
435 | be reused as input. | |
436 | ||
437 | d. There is a compile-time option for a system-wide interactive shell | |
438 | startup file (disabled by default). | |
439 | ||
440 | e. The YACC grammar is smaller and tighter, and all 66 shift-reduce | |
441 | conflicts are gone. Several parsing bugs have been fixed. | |
442 | ||
443 | f. Builtin option parsing has been regularized (using internal_getopt()), | |
444 | with the exception of `echo', `type', and `set'. | |
445 | ||
446 | g. Builtins now return standard usage messages constructed from the | |
447 | `short doc' used by the help builtin. | |
448 | ||
449 | h. Completion now quotes using backslashes by default, but honors | |
450 | user-supplied quotes. | |
451 | ||
452 | i. The GNU libc malloc is available as a configure-time option. | |
453 | ||
454 | j. There are more internationalization features; bash uses gettext if | |
455 | it is available. The $"..." translation syntax uses the current | |
456 | locale and gettext. | |
457 | ||
458 | k. There is better reporting of job termination when the shell is not | |
459 | interactive. | |
460 | ||
461 | l. The shell is somewhat more efficient: it uses a little less memory and | |
462 | makes fewer system calls. | |
463 | ||
464 | 4. Changes of interest in the Readline implementation | |
465 | ||
466 | a. There is now support for readline `callback' functions. | |
467 | ||
468 | b. There is now support for user-supplied input, redisplay, and terminal | |
469 | preparation functions. | |
470 | ||
471 | c. Most of the shell-specific code in readline has been generalized or | |
472 | removed. | |
473 | ||
474 | d. Most of the annoying redisplay bugs have been fixed, notably the problems | |
475 | with incremental search and excessive redrawing when special characters | |
476 | appear in the prompt string. | |
477 | ||
478 | e. There are new library functions and variables available to application | |
479 | writers, most having to do with completion and quoting. | |
480 | ||
481 | f. The NEWLINE character (^J) is now treated as a search terminator by the | |
482 | incremental search functions. |