1 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-release, and
2 the previous version, bash-4.4-rc2.
6 a. Fixed a bug that could potentially result in a crash due to an integer
9 b. Fixed a bug in where commands printed due to `set -x' could be incorrectly
10 quoted if being printed in contexts where they haven't yet been expanded.
12 c. Fixed several memory leaks.
14 d. Fixed a bug that could potentially cause the terminal attributes to be
15 set incorrectly by a command run from a programmable completion.
17 e. Fixed several potential buffer overflow issues in the word expansion code.
19 2. Changes to Readline
21 3. New Features in Bash
23 4. New Features in Readline
25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-rc2, and
27 the previous version, bash-4.4-beta2.
31 a. Fixed an out-of-bounds read in the redirection operator completion code.
33 b. Fixed execution context so `until continue' doesn't disable execution for
36 c. Fixed trap handling code so traps don't inherit a command's temporary
39 d. Fixed a bug that resulted in incorrect line numbers when a function is
40 defined as part of another function's execution.
42 e. Fixed a bug in the expansion of ${a[@]} in contexts where word splitting
43 is not performed and $IFS is not the default.
45 f. Fixed a bug that caused ''"$@" to not expand to an empty argument when
46 there are no positional parameters.
48 g. Fixed a bug that caused a shell compiled without job control to use the
49 incorrect exit status for builtin commands preceded by a command executed
50 from the file system that causes the shell to call waitpid().
52 h. Improved word completion for quoted strings containing unterminated command
53 substitutions with embedded double quotes.
55 2. Changes to Readline
57 a. Fixed a bug that caused mode strings to be displayed incorrectly if the
58 prompt was shorter than the mode string.
60 3. New Features in Bash
62 a. Using ${a[@]} or ${a[*]} with an array without any assigned elements when
63 the nounset option is enabled no longer throws an unbound variable error.
65 4. New Features in Readline
67 a. New application-callable function: rl_pending_signal(): returns the signal
68 number of any signal readline has caught but not yet handled.
70 b. New application-settable variable: rl_persistent_signal_handlers: if set
71 to a non-zero value, readline will enable the readline-6.2 signal handler
72 behavior in callback mode: handlers are installed when
73 rl_callback_handler_install is called and removed removed when a complete
76 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
77 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-beta2, and
78 the previous version, bash-4.4-rc1.
82 a. Fixed a memory leak when processing ${!var[@]}.
84 b. Fixed a bug that caused subshells to free trap strings associated with
87 c. Inheriting BASHOPTS from the environment now works to force actions
88 associated with enabling an option, instead of just marking the option
91 d. Fixed a bug that allowed assignments to BASH_CMDS when the shell was in
94 e. Fixed a bug caused by an accidental omission of part of the original patch
97 e. Prompt expansion now quotes the results of the \s, \h, and \H expansions.
99 f. Fixed a bug that caused parsing errors in command substitutions with
100 consecutive case statements separated by newlines.
102 g. Updated logic used to decide whether bash is running inside an emacs
103 terminal emulator to work with future emacs versions.
105 h. Fixed two extended pattern matching bugs caused by premature short-
108 i. Fixed a memory leak in the code that removes duplicate history entries.
110 j. There are a number of bug fixes to coproc, mapfile, declare, unset,
111 and assignment statements that prevent nameref variables from creating
112 and unsetting variables with invalid names.
114 k. Fixed a bug that caused variables to be inadvertently marked as both an
115 associative and an indexed array.
117 l. Fixed a bug that caused `bash -c' to not run a trap specified in the
120 j. There are a number of bug fixes to coproc, mapfile, declare, and assignment
121 statements that prevent nameref variables from overwriting or modifying
122 attributes of readonly variables.
124 k. Fixed a bug that caused command substitution to attempt to set the
125 terminal's process group incorrectly.
127 l. Fixed a bug that could cause prompt string expansion to display error
128 messages when the `nounset' shell option is set.
130 m. Fixed a bug that caused "$@" to not expand to an empty string under the
131 circumstances when Posix says it should ("${@-${@-$@}}").
133 n. Fixed several bugs caused by referencing nameref variables whose values
134 are names of unset variables (or names that are valid for referencing
135 but not assignment), including creating variables in the temporary
138 o. Function tracing and error tracing are disabled if --debugger is supplied
139 at startup but the shell can't find the debugger start file.
141 p. Fixed a bug when IFS is used as the control variable in a for statement.
143 q. Fixed a bug with SIGINT received by a command substitution in an interactive
146 r. The checks for nameref variable self-references are more thorough.
148 s. Fixed several bugs with multi-line aliases.
150 t. Fixed `test' to handle the four-argument case where $1 == '(' and
153 u. Fixed a bug in the expansion of $* in the cases where word splitting is
156 v. Fixed a bug in execution of case statements where IFS includes the
157 pattern matching characters.
159 2. Changes to Readline
161 a. When refreshing the line as the result of a key sequence, Readline attempts
162 to redraw only the last line of a multiline prompt.
164 b. Fixed an issue that caused completion of git commands to display
165 incorrectly when using colored-completion-prefix.
167 c. Fixed several redisplay bugs having to do with multibyte characters and
168 invisible characters in prompt strings.
170 3. New Features in Bash
172 a. Value conversions (arithmetic expansions, case modification, etc.) now
173 happen when assigning elements of an array using compound assignment.
175 b. There is a new option settable in config-top.h that makes multiple
176 directory arguments to `cd' a fatal error.
178 c. Bash now uses mktemp() when creating internal temporary files; it produces
179 a warning at build time on many Linux systems.
181 4. New Features in Readline
183 a. The default binding for ^W in vi mode now uses word boundaries specified
184 by Posix (vi-unix-word-rubout is bindable command name).
186 b. rl_clear_visible_line: new application-callable function; clears all
187 screen lines occupied by the current visible readline line.
189 c. rl_tty_set_echoing: application-callable function that controls whether
190 or not readline thinks it is echoing terminal output.
192 d. Handle >| and strings of digits preceding and following redirection
193 specifications as single tokens when tokenizing the line for history
196 e. Fixed a bug with displaying completions when the prefix display length
197 is greater than the length of the completions to be displayed.
199 f. The :p history modifier now applies to the entire line, so any expansion
200 specifying :p causes the line to be printed instead of expanded.
202 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
203 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-rc1, and
204 the previous version, bash-4.4-beta.
208 a. Fixed several problems with bash completion not special-casing bash syntax
211 b. Fixed a bug that caused the mapfile builtin to not create array variables
212 when a variable of the same name appears in the temporary environment.
214 c. Fixed a bug that caused prompt expansion to loop when PS1 contained a
217 d. Fixed a bug that caused the ${array[@]@A} expansion to split the results
218 even when double-quoted.
220 e. There is a new implementation of the code that saves the last CHILD_MAX
221 exited background pids so their status can be queried later.
223 f. Bash-4.4 can now be configured and built on very old versions of Solaris 2.
225 g. Fixed problems with --help support for several builtins.
227 h. Fixed values added to BASH_SOURCE and BASH_LINENO for functions inherited
228 from the environment.
230 i. Fixed a bug that caused background processes run from non-interactive shells
231 with job control enabled to place the terminal in the wrong process group
232 under certain circumstances.
234 j. Fixed a bug that caused `fc' to return an incorrect exit status when
235 executing commands from the history list.
237 k. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit when a process substitution
238 received a SIGINT when run in certain terminal emulators.
240 l. EXECIGNORE now honors the setting of `extglob' when attempting to match
243 m. Fixed a bug where `return' used the wrong exit status when executed in a
246 n. Fixed a bug that caused a command containing a here-document and an escaped
247 newline to be stored in the history list incorrectly.
249 o. Fixed a bug that caused set -e to be honored in cases of builtins invoking
250 other builtins when it should be ignored.
252 p. Fixed a bug that caused `readonly' and `export' to create local array
253 variables when used within shell functions.
255 q. Fixed a bug that allowed subshells begun to execute process substitutions
256 to have access to the command's temporary environment.
258 r. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to dump core when receiving a
259 SIGCHLD for which a trap has been set while running in posix mode.
261 s. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not restore BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV,
262 BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO, and FUNCNAME if the shell received a SIGINT
263 while reading commands from a file while executing `.'.
265 t. Fixed a bug that caused the `-o history' option to have no effect when
266 supplied on the command line when starting a new shell.
268 u. Fixed a bug that caused history expansions occurring in command
269 substitutions to not be performed.
271 v. Fixed a bug that caused `eval' run in a non-interactive shell to disable
272 history expansion for the remainder of the shell script, even if the script
273 had previously enabled it.
275 w. Fixed a bug that caused "$@" to not expand to multiple words when IFS is set
278 x. Fixed a bug that caused process and command substitution to inherit output
279 buffered in the stdio library but not written.
281 y. Fixed a bug that caused a terminating signal received during `echo' to run
282 an exit trap in a signal handler context.
284 z. Fixed a bug that caused a builtin command containing a process substitution
285 to return the wrong exit status.
287 aa. Fixed a bug that caused `()' subshells with piped input to incorrectly
288 redirect the standard input of some of the commands in the subshell from
291 bb. The history builtin now uses more descriptive error messages for missing or
294 2. Changes to Readline
296 a. The history file writing functions only attempt to create and use a backup
297 history file if the history file exists and is a regular file.
299 b. Fixed an out-of-bounds read in readline's internal tilde expansion
302 c. Fixed several redisplay bugs with prompt strings containing multibyte
303 and non-visible characters whose physical length is longer than the screen
306 d. Fixed a redisplay bug with prompt strings containing invisible characters
307 whose physical length exceeds the screen width and using incremental search.
309 e. Readline prints more descriptive error messages when it encounters errors
310 while reading an inputrc file.
312 f. Fixed a bug in the character insertion code that attempts to optimize
313 typeahead when it reads a character that is not bound to self-insert and
314 resets the key sequence state.
316 3. New Features in Bash
318 a. BASH_COMPAT and FUNCNEST can be inherited and set from the shell's initial
321 b. inherit_errexit: a new `shopt' option that, when set, causes command
322 substitutions to inherit the -e option. By default, those subshells disable
323 -e. It's enabled as part of turning on posix mode.
325 c. New prompt string: PS0. Expanded and displayed by interactive shells after
326 reading a complete command but before executing it.
328 d. Interactive shells now behave as if SIGTSTP/SIGTTIN/SIGTTOU are set to
329 SIG_DFL when the shell is started, so they are set to SIG_DFL in child
332 e. Posix-mode shells now allow double quotes to quote the history expansion
335 f. OLDPWD can be inherited from the environment if it names a directory.
337 g. Shells running as root no longer inherit PS4 from the environment, closing
338 a security hole involving PS4 expansion performing command substitution.
340 h. If executing an implicit `cd' when the `autocd' option is set, bash will
341 now invoke a function named `cd' if one exists before executing the `cd'
344 4. New Features in Readline
346 a. If an incremental search string has its last character removed with DEL,
347 the resulting empty search string no longer matches the previous line.
349 b. If readline reads a history file that begins with `#' (or the value of
350 the history comment character) and has enabled history timestamps, the
351 history entries are assumed to be delimited by timestamps. This allows
352 multi-line history entries.
354 c. Readline now throws an error if it parses a key binding without a
355 terminating `:' or whitespace.
357 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
358 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-beta, and
359 the previous version, bash-4.4-alpha.
363 a. Fixed two bugs that caused out-of-bounds reads when skipping over assignment
364 statements while finding the word on which to perform programmable
367 b. Fixed a memory leak in programmable completion.
369 c. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash when interrupting the
372 d. Fixed a bug that caused ${!vvv@} to be interpreted as introducing the new
375 e. Fixed a bug that caused the && and || operators to be incorrectly optimized.
377 f. The shell now undoes redirections before exiting the shell when the `-e'
378 option is enabled, and a shell function fails.
380 g. History expansion now skips over the history expansion character in command
381 and process substitution.
383 h. Fixed a bug that caused stray '\001' characters to be added to the output
386 i. Fixed a memory leak when processing declare commands that perform compound
389 j. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash when reading input from a
390 file and the limit on open file descriptors is high.
392 k. Fixed a bug that caused the ERR and RETURN traps to be unset if they were
393 set in a shell function but unset previously.
395 l. Fixed a bug that caused several signals to be ignored if `exec' failed in
396 an interactive shell.
398 m. A posix-mode non-interactive shell now considers a parameter expansion error
401 n. The `time' command now prints timing statistics for failed commands when
402 the -e option is enabled.
404 o. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when attempting to indirectly
405 expand a shell variable with an invalid name.
407 p. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when running a trap containing
408 a process substitution.
410 q. Bash now prints the keyword `function' before a function with the same name
411 as a reserved word when using `declare -f' to avoid parse errors when
412 reusing the output as input.
414 r. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when using declare -g to attempt
415 to redefine an existing global indexed array variable as an associative
418 s. Fixed a memory leak that occurred when interrupting brace expansions
419 generating a sequence.
421 t. Fixed a bug that resulted in alias expansion in redirections.
423 u. The `declare -a' and `declare -A' commands now print fewer warnings when
424 attempting to create and initialize an array at the same time, but
425 relying on word expansions to construct the compound assignment.
427 v. The `help' builtin now behaves better in locales where each wide
428 character occupies more than one display column.
430 w. The `read' builtin no longer has a possible race condition when a timeout
433 x. Fixed several expansion problems encountered when IFS="'".
435 y. Fixed a problem with the expansion of $'\c?'.
437 z. Bash no longer splits the expansion of here-strings, as the documentation
440 aa. Bash now puts `s' in the value of $- if the shell is reading from standard
441 input, as Posix requires.
443 bb. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash if invoked with a NULL
446 cc. The shell now only trusts an inherited value for $PWD if it begins with a
449 dd. Fixed a memory leak when creating local array variables and assigning to
450 them using compound assignment with the `declare' builtin.
452 ee. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash when processing nested here
453 documents inside a command substitution.
455 ff. Array keys and values are now displayed using $'...' quoting where
458 gg. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if the replacement string
459 in pattern substitution was NULL.
461 hh. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if a command substitution
462 contained a non-fatal syntax error.
464 ii. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if variable indirection
465 resulted in a NULL variable.
467 jj. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if a long string contained
468 multiple unterminated parameter expansion constructs.
470 kk. Improved the code that acts on SIGINT received while waiting for a child
471 process only if the child exits due to SIGINT.
473 ll. $BASH_SUBSHELL now has more consistent values in asynchronous simple
476 2. Changes to Readline
478 a. Colored completion prefixes are now displayed using a different color, less
479 likely to collide with files.
481 b. Fixed a bug that caused vi-mode character search to misbehave when
482 running in callback mode.
484 c. Fixed a bug that caused output to be delayed when input is coming from a
487 d. Fixed a bug that caused the vi-mode `.' command to misbehave when redoing
488 a multi-key key sequence via a macro.
490 e. Fixed a bug that caused problems with applications that supply their own
491 input function when performing completion.
493 f. When read returns -1/EIO when attempting to read a key, return an error
494 instead of line termination back to the caller.
496 g. Updated tty auditing feature based on patch from Red Hat.
498 h. Fixed a bug that could cause the history library to crash on overflows
499 introduced by malicious editing of timestamps in the history file.
501 3. New Features in Bash
503 a. `make install' now installs the example loadable builtins and a set of
504 bash headers to use when developing new loadable builtins.
506 b. `enable -f' now attempts to call functions named BUILTIN_builtin_load when
507 loading BUILTIN, and BUILTIN_builtin_unload when deleting it. This allows
508 loadable builtins to run initialization and cleanup code.
510 c. There is a new BASH_LOADABLES_PATH variable containing a list of directories
511 where the `enable -f' command looks for shared objects containing loadable
514 d. The `complete_fullquote' option to `shopt' changes filename completion to
515 quote all shell metacharacters in filenames and directory names.
517 e. The `kill' builtin now has a `-L' option, equivalent to `-l', for
518 compatibility with Linux standalone versions of kill.
520 4. New Features in Readline
521 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
522 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-alpha, and
523 the previous version, bash-4.3-release.
527 a. A bug that caused pipelines to be corrupted while running the DEBUG trap
530 b. A bug that accidentally omitted the `-R' unary operator from `test' was
533 c. A bug that could cause the shell to not restore the terminal's process
534 group on shell exit was fixed.
536 d. Several changes were made to programmable completion to accommodate
537 assumptions made by the bash-completion package.
539 e. Bash no longer inhibits C-style escape processing ($'...') while performing
540 pattern substitution word expansions.
542 f. Fixed a bug that caused `return' executed from a trap handler to use the
543 wrong return status when one was not supplied as an argument.
545 g. In Posix mode, defining a function with the same name as a special
546 builtin is now an error, fatal only when the shell is not interactive.
548 h. Fixed a bug that caused compound array assignments to discard unset or null
549 variables used as subscripts, thereby making it appear as if the index was
552 i. Fixed a bug that caused extended glob patterns to incorrectly match
553 filenames with a leading `.'.
555 j. Fixed a bug involving sign extension when reallocating the input line
556 after a history expansion, causing segmentation faults.
558 k. Bash now does a better job at identifying syntax errors during word
559 completion and tailoring completion appropriately.
561 l. Bash now uses the current locale's decimal point in comamnd timing output.
563 m. Fixed a bug that caused segmentation faults while reading here documents if
564 PS2 contains a command substitution.
566 n. There are several changes to how $@ is expanded when unquoted but in a
567 context where word splitting is not performed (e.g., on the rhs of an
568 assignment or in a conditional command).
570 o. Bash now quotes command hash table entries that contain shell metacharacters
571 when displaying hash table contents.
573 p. Fixed a potential file descriptor leak when dup2() fails while performing a
576 q. Fixed a bug that caused directory names evaluated during word completion to
579 r. Fixed several bugs which could result in indirect variable expansion and
580 namerefs creating variables with invalid names or referencing variables
581 set to the empty string.
583 s. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not expand $0 in word expansions where it
586 t. Fixed a bug that caused bash to perform process substitution if <(
587 appeared inside an arithmetic context.
589 u. Fixed a bug in extglob pattern parsing that caused slashes in the pattern
590 to be confused as directory names.
592 v. Fixed several bugs with treatment of invisible variables (variables with
593 attributes that are unset because they have never been assigned values).
595 w. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to not clean up readline's
596 state when using the -e and -t options together and the read timed out.
598 x. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit with the wrong (but non-zero)
599 value if a command was not found or was not executable.
601 y. Fixed a bug that caused the `time' reserved word to not be recognized as
602 such in all contexts where it should have been.
604 z. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to close process subsitution file
605 descriptors when executing a script without the `#!' leading line.
607 aa. Fixed a typo that caused the `compat42' shell option to set the wrong
610 bb. The shell now handles process substitution commands with embedded
611 parentheses the same way as it does when parsing command substitution.
613 cc. Fixed a bug that caused nested pipelines and the `lastpipe' shell option
614 to produce core dumps.
616 dd. Fixed a bug that caused patterns containing `*' to match pathnames in cases
617 where slashes must be matched explicitly.
619 ee. Fixed a problem with patterns containing `:' in colon-separated variables
622 ff. Fixed a bug that caused indirect variable expansion using indexed arrays to
625 gg. Fixed a parsing problem that caused quoted newlines immediately following a
626 command substitution to be mishandled in certain cases.
628 hh. Fixed a potential buffer overflow on systems without locale_charset or the
631 ii. Fixed a bug that caused background processes to modify the terminal's
632 process group under certain circumstances.
634 jj. Asynchronous commands now always set $? to 0 and are not affected by
635 whether or not the command's exit status is being inverted.
637 kk. Fixed a problem that caused a line ending with an escaped newline and
638 containingh a prior `eval' to be incorrectly parsed.
640 ll. Fixed an issue with programmable completion and `!' in extglob patterns
641 used as arguments to `compgen -X'.
643 mm. Word completion now treats the two-character token `>|' as requiring
646 nn. Bash no longer expands tildes in $PATH elements while in Posix mode.
648 oo. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not clean up readline's state, including
649 the terminal settings, if it received a fatal signal while in a readline()
650 call (including `read -e' and `read -s').
652 pp. Fixed bug that caused importing shell functions from the environment to
653 execute additional commands following the function.
655 qq. Fixed a bug that caused the parser to return a lookahead character pushed
656 back by a previous call, even when on another line.
658 rr. Fixed a bug that caused many here-documents or many nested case statements
659 to overflow an internal stack.
661 ss. Changed the way bash encodes exported functions for inclusion in the
662 environment to avoid name collisions with valid variable names and to
663 indicate that they are exported functions.
665 tt. Fixed a bug that could result in an invalid memory access when processing
666 a here document delimited by end of file or end of string.
668 uu. Fixed a bug that could cause an invalid memory access if a command was run
669 before initializing the job control framework.
671 vv. When in Posix mode, bash prints shell function definitions as Posix
672 specifies them, without the leading `function' keyword.
674 ww. The variable attribute display builtins no longer display variables with
675 invalid names that were imported from the environment.
677 xx. Fixed a bug that could allow `break' or `continue' executed from shell
678 functions to affect loops running outside of the function.
680 yy. Fixed a bug that could cause a restricted shell to attempt to import shell
681 functions from the environment.
683 zz. The shell now allows double-quoted identifiers in arithmetic expressions.
685 aaa. Fixed a bug that could allow scalar variables subscripted using [@] in
686 word expansions to be incorrectly quoted.
688 bbb. The shell now makes sure to ignore SIGTSTP/SIGTTIN/SIGTTOU in child
689 processes if they were ignored at shell startup, even if job control is
692 ccc. Fixed a bug that could cause $* to be split on spaces when IFS is set to
695 ddd. Posix says that expanding $* in a pattern context where the expansion is
696 double-quoted should not treat $* as if it were double quoted.
698 eee. Bash now restores getopts' internal state between calls to getopts even if
699 a shell function declares a local copy of OPTIND.
701 fff. Fixed a bug that could cause `history -r' or `history -n' to read identical
702 lines from the history file more than once.
704 ggg. The commands executed by `bind -x' now redisplay at most the final line
705 of a multi-line prompt, and those commands may return 124 to indicate that
706 the entire prompt should be redrawn.
708 hhh. Fixed a bug that could cause `mapfile' to create variables with invalid
711 iii. The shell only goes into debugging mode when --debugger is supplied if
712 the debugger initialization file is present.
714 jjj. Fixed a bug that disallowed an assignment to (implicit) subscript 0 of an
715 existing array in a declare command that set the readonly attribute.
717 kkk. Fixed a bug that inadvertently allowed assignments to FUNCNAME to disable
720 lll. Appending to an existing array variable using the compound assignment
721 syntax (var+=(aaa)) should not affect assignments to existing subscripts
722 appearing in the compound assignment.
724 mmm. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash when a variable with a
725 null value was passed in the temporary environment and the variable's
726 attributes are modified using `declare' while performing a redirection.
728 nnn. Fixed a bug in printf so that a missing precision specifier after a `.'
731 ooo. Fixed a bug that attempted to use the internal command timing to time
732 pipeline components if the pipeline elements are separated by newlines.
734 ppp. Fixed a bug that caused `declare -al foo=(ONE TWO THREE)' to not lowercase
735 the values on assignment.
737 qqq. Bash does a better job of determining whether or not files are executable
738 when running on Windows, since the X_OK flag to access(2) is not supported.
740 rrr. Fixed a bug that caused some of the shell's internal traps (e.g., ERR) to
741 be interrupted (and leave incorrect state) by pending SIGINTs.
743 sss. Fixed a bug in the bash interface to history expansion to avoid attempting
744 expansion if the history expansion character occurs in a command
747 ttt. Fixed a bug that caused the select command to crash if the REPLY variable
748 ends up empty (e.g., if it's made readonly)
750 uuu. Bash handles backslash-quoting of multibyte characters better when quoting
751 output that is intended to be reused.
753 vvv. System-specific changes for: Windows, Cygwin.
755 www. Fixes for upper and lower-casing multibyte characters, some locales have
756 characters whose upper and lowercase versions have different numbers of
759 xxx. Fixed a bug that caused the ERR trap in a shell function to have the
760 wrong value for $LINENO.
762 yyy. Fixed a bug that resulted in incorrect quoting of regexps for the =~
763 operator when an open brace appears without a close brace.
765 zzz. Fixed a bug in the array unset operation that caused it to attempt to
766 parse embedded single and double quotes.
768 aaaa. Fixed a bug that caused $* to not expand with the first character of
769 $IFS as a separator in a context where word splitting will not take
772 bbbb. Fixed two bugs that could cause the shell to dereference a null pointer
773 while attempting to print an error message from arithmetic expansion.
775 cccc. Fixed a bug that resulted in short-circuited evaluation when reading
776 commands from a string ending in an unquoted backslash, or when sourcing
777 a file that ends with an unquoted backslash.
779 dddd. Fixed a bug that resulted in the no-fork optimization not cleaning up
780 any FIFOs created by process substitution.
782 eeee. If the -T option is not set, allow the source builtin and shell functions
783 to set a DEBUG trap that persists after the sourced file or function
784 returns, instead of restoring the old (unset) value unconditionally.
786 ffff. Fixed a bug that caused redirections to not be undone on some syntax
787 errors, e.g., when parsing a command substitution.
789 gggg. Bash only adds asynchronous commands to the table of background pids
790 whose status it remembers, to avoid it growing too large during scripts
791 that create and reap large numbers of child processes. This means that
792 `wait' no longer works on synchronous jobs, but $? can be used to get
793 the exit status in those cases.
795 hhhh. Bash now checks whether or not a shell script argument is a directory
796 before trying to open it; Posix says implementations may allow open(2)
799 iiii. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to set the terminal's process
800 group to a background process group when running as part of a pipeline.
802 jjjj. Made a few changes to strings to avoid possible potential negative effects
803 caused by malicious translations.
805 kkkk. Fixed a bug that caused the `unset' builtin to continue to treat its
806 arguments as functions after unsetting a function when invoked with no
809 llll. Fixed a bug that would not replace empty strings using pattern
810 substitution even if the pattern matched the empty string.
812 mmmm. Fixed a bug with word completion that prevented some characters from
813 being backslash-quoted (backquote, dollar sign).
815 nnnn. Fixed a bug that prevented a command from the history re-executed by the
816 `fc' builtin from setting verbose mode.
818 oooo. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not enable and disable function
819 tracing with changes to the `extdebug' shell option.
821 pppp. Fixed a bug that caused assignments to nameref variables pointing to
822 unset variables with attributes but no values to create variables with
825 qqqq. Fixed a bug that caused `unset' on nameref variables (without -n) to
826 unset the wrong variable under certain circumstances.
828 rrrr. Fixed a bug that caused close braces occurring in brace expansions within
829 command substitutions to incorrectly terminate parameter expansions.
831 ssss. Fixed a bug that caused `command -p' to temporarily alter $PATH.
833 tttt. Fixed a bug that caused interactive shells compiled without job control
834 to return incorrect status values for child processes when running a
835 single command that creates enough children to use the entire PID space.
837 uuuu. `esac' should not be recognized as a reserved word when it appears as the
838 second or later pattern in a case statement pattern list.
840 vvvv. Fixed a bug that caused the completion code to read past the end of the
841 readline line buffer while skipping assignment statements to find the
844 wwww. Fixed a bug that caused case statements within loops contained in a
845 command substitution to be parsed incorrectly.
847 xxxx. Fixed a bug that could cause SIGCHLD handling to be delayed after
848 running `wait' with no arguments and interrupting it with ^C without
849 a trap handler installed.
851 2. Changes to Readline
853 a. A bug that caused vi-mode `.' to be unable to redo `c', `d', and `y'
854 commands with modifiers was fixed.
856 b. Fixed a bug that caused callback mode to dump core when reading a
857 multiple-key sequence (e.g., arrow keys).
859 c. Fixed a bug that caused the redisplay code to erase some of the line when
860 using horizontal scrolling with incremental search.
862 d. Readline's input handler now performs signal processing if read(2) is
863 interrupted by SIGALRM or SIGVTALRM.
865 e. Fixed a problem with revert-all-at-newline freeing freed memory.
867 f. Clarified the documentation for the history_quotes_inhibit_expansion
868 variable to note that it inhibits scanning for the history comment
869 character and that it only affects double-quoted strings.
871 g. Fixed an off-by-one error in the prompt printed when performing searches.
873 h. Use pselect(2), if available, to wait for input before calling read(2), so
874 a SIGWINCH can interrupt it, since it doesn't interrupt read(2).
876 i. Some memory leaks caused by signals interrupting filename completion have
879 j. Reading EOF twice on a non-empty line causes EOF to be returned, rather
880 than the partial line. This can cause partial lines to be executed on
883 k. Fixed a bug concerning deleting multibyte characters from the search
884 string while performing an incremental search.
886 l. Fixed a bug with tilde expanding directory names in filename completion.
888 m. Fixed a bug that did not allow binding sequences beginning with a `\'.
890 n. Fixed a redisplay bug involving incorrect line wrapping when the prompt
891 contains a multibyte character in the last screen column.
893 o. Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to disregard characters that are
894 documented to delimit a history event specifier without requiring `:'.
896 p. Fixed a bug that could cause reading past the end of a string when reading
897 the value when binding the set of isearch terminators.
899 q. Fixed a bug that caused readline commands that depend on knowing which
900 key invoked them to misbehave when dispatching key sequences that are
901 prefixes of other key bindings.
903 r. Paren matching now works in vi insert mode.
905 3. New Features in Bash
907 a. There is now a settable configuration #define that will cause the shell
908 to exit if the shell is running setuid without the -p option and setuid
909 to the real uid fails.
911 b. Command and process substitutions now turn off the `-v' option when
912 executing, as other shells seem to do.
914 c. The default value for the `checkhash' shell option may now be set at
915 compile time with a #define.
917 d. The `mapfile' builtin now has a -d option to use an arbitrary character
918 as the record delimiter, and a -t option to strip the delimiter as
921 e. The maximum number of nested recursive calls to `eval' is now settable in
922 config-top.h; the default is no limit.
924 f. The `-p' option to declare and similar builtins will display attributes for
925 named variables even when those variables have not been assigned values
926 (which are technically unset).
928 g. The maximum number of nested recursive calls to `source' is now settable
929 in config-top.h; the default is no limit.
931 h. All builtin commands recognize the `--help' option and print a usage
934 i. Bash does not allow function names containing `/' and `=' to be exported.
936 j. The `ulimit' builtin has new -k (kqueues) and -P (pseudoterminals) options.
938 k. The shell now allows `time ; othercommand' to time null commands.
940 l. There is a new `--enable-function-import' configuration option to allow
941 importing shell functions from the environment; import is enabled by
944 m. `printf -v var ""' will now set `var' to the empty string, as if `var=""'
947 n. GLOBIGNORE, the pattern substitution word expansion, and programmable
948 completion match filtering now honor the value of the `nocasematch' option.
950 o. There is a new ${parameter@spec} family of operators to transform the
951 value of `parameter'.
953 p. Bash no longer attempts to perform compound assignment if a variable on the
954 rhs of an assignment statement argument to `declare' has the form of a
955 compound assignment (e.g., w='(word)' ; declare foo=$w); compound
956 assignments are accepted if the variable was already declared as an array,
959 q. The declare builtin no longer displays array variables using the compound
960 assignment syntax with quotes; that will generate warnings when re-used as
961 input, and isn't necessary.
963 r. Executing the rhs of && and || will no longer cause the shell to fork if
966 s. The `local' builtin takes a new argument: `-', which will cause it to save
967 the single-letter shell options and restore their previous values at
970 t. `complete' and `compgen' have a new `-o nosort' option, which forces
971 readline to not sort the completion matches.
973 u. Bash now allows waiting for the most recent process substitution, since it
976 v. The `unset' builtin now unsets a scalar variable if it is subscripted with
977 a `0', analogous to the ${var[0]} expansion.
979 w. `set -i' is no longer valid, as in other shells.
981 x. BASH_SUBSHELL is now updated for process substitution and group commands
982 in pipelines, and is available with the same value when running any exit
985 y. Bash now checks $INSIDE_EMACS as well as $EMACS when deciding whether or
986 not bash is being run in a GNU Emacs shell window.
988 z. Bash now treats SIGINT received when running a non-builtin command in a
989 loop the way it has traditionally treated running a builtin command:
990 running any trap handler and breaking out of the loop.
992 aa. New variable: EXECIGNORE; a colon-separate list of patterns that will
993 cause matching filenames to be ignored when searching for commands.
995 bb. Aliases whose value ends in a shell metacharacter now expand in a way to
996 allow them to be `pasted' to the next token, which can potentially change
997 the meaning of a command (e.g., turning `&' into `&&').
999 4. New Features in Readline
1001 a. The history truncation code now uses the same error recovery mechansim as
1002 the history writing code, and restores the old version of the history file
1003 on error. The error recovery mechanism handles symlinked history files.
1005 b. There is a new bindable variable, `enable-bracketed-paste', which enables
1006 support for a terminal's bracketed paste mode.
1008 c. The editing mode indicators can now be strings and are user-settable
1009 (new `emacs-mode-string', `vi-cmd-mode-string' and `vi-ins-mode-string'
1010 variables). Mode strings can contain invisible character sequences.
1011 Setting mode strings to null strings restores the defaults.
1013 d. Prompt expansion adds the mode string to the last line of a multi-line
1014 prompt (one with embedded newlines).
1016 e. There is a new bindable variable, `colored-completion-prefix', which, if
1017 set, causes the common prefix of a set of possible completions to be
1020 f. There is a new bindable command `vi-yank-pop', a vi-mode version of emacs-
1023 g. The redisplay code underwent several efficiency improvements for multibyte
1026 h. The insert-char function attempts to batch-insert all pending typeahead
1027 that maps to self-insert, as long as it is coming from the terminal.
1029 i. rl_callback_sigcleanup: a new application function that can clean up and
1030 unset any state set by readline's callback mode. Intended to be used
1033 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1034 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-release, and
1035 the previous version, bash-4.3-rc2.
1039 a. Only Posix-mode shells should exit on an assignment failure in the
1040 temporary environment preceding a special builtin. This is how it's been
1043 b. Fixed a bug that caused a failed special builtin to not exit a posix-mode
1044 shell if the failing builtin was on the LHS of a && or ||.
1046 c. Changed the handling of unquoted backslashes in regular expressions to be
1049 d. globstar (**) no longer traverses symbolic links that resolve to
1050 directories. This eliminates some duplicate entries.
1052 e. Fixed a bug that caused a SIGCHLD trap handler to not be able to change the
1053 SIGCHLD disposition.
1055 f. Fixed a bug that caused a crash when -x was enabled and a command
1056 contained a printable multibyte (wide) character.
1058 g. Fixed a bug that caused an interactive shell without line editing enabled
1059 to read invalid data after receiving a SIGINT.
1061 h. Fixed a bug that caused command word completion to fail if the directory in
1062 $PATH where the completion would be found contained single or double quotes.
1064 i. Fixed a bug that caused a shell with -v enabled to print commands in $()
1067 2. Changes to Readline
1069 a. Fixed a bug that caused `undo' to reference freed memory or null pointers.
1071 3. New Features in Bash
1073 a. The [[ -v ]] option now understands array references (foo[1]) and returns
1074 success if the referenced element has a value.
1076 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1077 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-rc2, and the
1078 previous version, bash-4.3-rc1.
1082 a. Fixed a bug that left variables set by printf -v marked as invisible.
1084 b. Fixed an off-by-one error in a job control warning message.
1086 c. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash after declaring a nameref variable
1089 d. Fixed a bug that caused asynchronous commands to not set $? correctly.
1091 e. Fixed a bug that caused out-of-order execution when executing aliases with
1092 embedded newlines containing `.' commands.
1094 f. Fixed a bug that caused error messages generated by expansion errors in
1095 `for' commands to have the wrong line number.
1097 g. Fixed a bug that caused the `wait' builtin to not be interruptible in an
1098 interactive shell with job control enabled.
1100 h. Fixed a bug that caused SIGINT and SIGQUIT to not be trappable in
1101 asynchronous subshell commands.
1103 i. Bash now requires that the value assigned to a nameref variable be a valid
1104 shell identifier (variable name or array reference).
1106 j. Converting an existing variable to a nameref variable now turns off the
1107 -i/-l/-u/-c attributes.
1109 k. Displaying a nameref variable with `declare -p' now displays the nameref
1110 variable and its value rather than following the nameref chain.
1112 l. Fixed a problem with interrupt handling that caused a second and subsequent
1113 SIGINT to be ignored by interactive shells.
1115 m. Fixed a bug that caused certain positional parameter and array expansions
1116 to mishandle (discard) null positional parameters and array elements.
1118 n. The shell no longer blocks receipt of signals while running trap handlers
1119 for those signals, and allows most trap handlers to be run recursively
1120 (running trap handlers while a trap handler is executing).
1122 o. The shell now handles backslashes in regular expression arguments to the
1123 [[ command's =~ operator slightly differently, resulting in more
1124 consistent behavior.
1126 2. Changes to Readline
1128 a. Fixed a bug that could cause readline to crash and seg fault attempting to
1129 expand an empty history entry.
1131 b. Fixed a bug that caused a bad entry in the $LS_COLORS variable to abort all
1132 color processing but leave color enabled.
1134 c. Fixed a bug that caused display problems with multi-line prompts containing
1135 invisible characters on multiple lines.
1137 d. Fixed a bug that caused effects made by undoing changes to a history line to
1140 3. New Features in Bash
1142 4. New Features in Readline
1144 a. When creating shared libraries on Mac OS X, the pathname written into the
1145 library (install_name) no longer includes the minor version number.
1146 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1147 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-rc1, and the
1148 previous version, bash-4.3-beta2.
1152 a. Fixed a bug in bash completion that caused a tilde to be expanded even if
1153 the `direxpand' option was not enabled.
1155 b. Fixed a potential bug that could cause corrupted input in interactive shells
1156 running without line editing and with `ignoreeof' enabled.
1158 c. Fixed a bug that could cause failures when opening pipes back to shells
1159 created to run process substitutions.
1161 d. Fixed a bug that caused an assignment to TEXTDOMAIN to require TEXTDOMAINDIR
1162 to be set in order to actually change the current text domain.
1164 e. Changed the way redirections are printed to avoid confusion when the target
1165 of an output redirection is a process substitution beginning with `>'.
1167 2. Changes to Readline
1169 a. Shared library building is now supported on Mac OS X 10.9 (Darwin 13).
1171 3. New Features in Bash
1173 a. `cd' has a new `-@' option to browse a file's extended attributes on
1174 systems that support O_XATTR.
1176 4. New Features in Readline
1178 a. There are additional default key bindings for MinGW32
1180 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1181 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-beta2, and the
1182 previous version, bash-4.3-beta.
1186 a. Fixed a bug that caused assignment to an unset variable using a negative
1187 subscript to result in a segmentation fault.
1189 b. Fixed a bug that caused assignment to a string variable using a negative
1190 subscript to use the incorrect index.
1192 c. Fixed a bug that caused some strings to be interpreted as invalid
1193 extended globbing expressions when used with the help builtin.
1195 d. Fixed a bug that caused an attempt to trap a signal whose disposition
1196 cannot be changed to reference uninitialized memory.
1198 e. Command completion now skips assignment statements preceding a command
1199 name and completes the command.
1201 f. Fixed a bug that caused `compgen -f' in a non-interactive shell to dump
1202 core under certain circumstances.
1204 g. Fixed a bug that caused the `read -N' to misbehave when the input stream
1207 2. Changes to Readline
1209 a. Changed message when an incremental search fails to include "failed" in
1210 the prompt and display the entire search string instead of just the last
1213 b. Fixed a bug that caused an arrow key typed to an incremental search prompt
1214 to process the key sequence incorrectly.
1216 c. Additional key bindings for arrow keys on MinGW.
1218 3. New Features in Bash
1220 a. The help builtin now attempts substring matching (as it did through
1221 bash-4.2) if exact string matching fails.
1223 b. The fc builtin now interprets -0 as the current command line.
1225 c. Completing directory names containing shell variables now adds a trailing
1226 slash if the expanded result is a directory.
1228 4. New Features in Readline
1230 a. rl_change_environment: new application-settable variable that controls
1231 whether or not Readline modifies the environment (currently readline
1232 modifies only LINES and COLUMNS).
1234 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1235 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-beta, and the
1236 previous version, bash-4.3-alpha.
1240 a. Fixed a bug in the prompt directory name "trimming" code that caused
1241 memory corruption and garbled the results.
1243 b. Fixed a bug that caused single quotes that resulted from $'...' quoting
1244 in the replacement portion of a double-quoted ${word/pat/rep} expansion
1245 to be treated as quote characters.
1247 c. Fixed a bug that caused assignment statements preceding a command word to
1248 result in assignment statements following a declaration command to not be
1249 expanded like assignment statements.
1251 d. Fixed a bug with variable search order in the presence of local variables
1252 with the same name as variables in the temporary environment supplied to
1255 e. Fixed a bug that caused constructs like 1<(2) to be interpreted as process
1256 substitutions even in an arithmetic context.
1258 f. Fixed several cases where `invisible' variables (variables with attributes
1259 but no values, which are technically unset) were treated incorrectly.
1261 g. Fixed a bug that caused group commands in pipelines that were not the
1262 last element to not run the EXIT trap.
1264 h. Fixed a bug that caused `unset -n' to not unset a nameref variable in
1267 i. Fixed the nameref circular reference checking to be less strict and only
1268 disallow a nameref variable with the same value as its name at the global
1271 j. Fixed a bug that caused trap handlers to be executed recursively,
1272 corrupting internal data structures.
1274 k. Fixed a bug that could result in bash not compiling if certain options were
1277 l. Fixed a bug that caused the arithmetic expansion code to attempt variable
1278 assignments when operator precedence prohibited them.
1280 m. Word expansions like ${foo##bar} now understand indirect variable references.
1282 n. Fixed a bug that caused `declare -fp name' to not display a function
1285 o. Fixed a bug that caused asynchronous child processes to modify the stdin
1286 file pointer when bash was using it to read a script, which modified the
1287 parent's value as well.
1289 2. Changes to Readline
1291 a. Fixed a bug in vi mode that caused the arrow keys to set the saved last
1292 vi-mode command to the wrong value.
1294 b. Fixed a bug that caused double-quoted strings to be scanned incorrectly
1295 when being used as the value of a readline variable assignment.
1297 c. Fixed a bug with vi mode that prevented `.' from repeating a command
1298 entered on a previous line (command).
1300 d. Fixed a bug that could cause completion to core dump if it was interrupted
1303 e. Readline now sends the meta-key enable string to the terminal if the
1304 terminal has been successfully initialized.
1306 f. Readline now calls the signal hook after resizing the terminal when it
1307 receives a SIGWINCH.
1309 g. Fixed a bug that could cause the history list code to perform an out-of-
1310 bounds array reference if the history list is empty.
1312 3. New Features in Bash
1314 a. Shells started to run process substitutions now run any trap set on EXIT.
1316 b. There is now a configure-time option to enable the globasciiranges option
1319 c. The read builtin now checks its first variable argument for validity before
1320 trying to read any input.
1322 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1323 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-alpha,
1324 and the previous version, bash-4.2-release.
1328 a. Fixed several bugs concerning incomplete bracket expressions in filename
1329 generation (globbing) patterns.
1331 b. Fixed a bug with single quotes and WORD in ${param op WORD} when running
1334 c. Fixed a bug that caused the pattern removal and pattern substitution word
1335 expansions and case statement word expansion to not match the empty string.
1337 d. Fixed a bug that caused the tzset() function to not work after changing
1338 the TZ enviroment variable.
1340 e. Fixed a bug that caused the RHS of an assignment statement to undergo
1341 word splitting when it contained an unquoted $@.
1343 f. Fixed bugs that caused the shell to not react to a SIGINT sent while
1344 waiting for a child process to exit.
1346 g. Bash doesn't try to run things in a signal handler context when it gets a
1347 signal (SIGINT/SIGHUP/etc) while reading input using readline but still
1348 be responsive to terminating signals.
1350 h. Fixed a bug that caused bash to go into an infinite loop if a filename
1351 to be matched contained an invalid multibyte character.
1353 i. Fixed a bug that caused PS4 to end up being truncated if it is longer
1356 j. Fixed a bug that caused brace expansion to not skip over double-quoted
1357 command substitution.
1359 k. System-specific updates for: DJGPP, HP/UX, Mac OS X
1361 l. Fixed a bug in displaying commands that caused redirections to be associated
1362 with the wrong part of the command.
1364 m. Fixed the coproc cleanup to unset the appropriate shell variables when a
1367 n. Fixed a bug that caused `fc' to dump core due to incorrect calculation of
1368 the last history entry.
1370 o. Added workarounds for FreeBSD's implementation of faccessat/eaccess and
1373 p. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not match patterns containing
1376 q. Fixed a bug that could result in doubled error messages when the `printf'
1377 builtin got a write error.
1379 r. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not correctly expand words containing
1380 multiple consecutive quoted empty strings (""""""aa).
1382 s. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not correctly parse multi-line
1383 process substitutions containing comments and quoted strings.
1385 t. Fixed a problem with the bash malloc's internal idea of the top of the
1386 memory heap that resulted in incorrect decisions to try to reduce the
1387 break and give memory back to the kernel.
1389 u. There are changes to the expansions peformed on compound array assignments,
1390 in an effort to make foo=( [ind1]=bar [ind2]=baz ) identical to
1391 foo[ind1]=bar foo[ind2]=baz.
1393 v. Bash now reports an error if `read -a name' is used when `name' is an
1394 existing associative array.
1396 w. Fixed a bug that allowed an attempted assignment to a readonly variable
1397 in an arithmetic expression to not return failure.
1399 x. Fixed several bugs that caused completion functions to be invoked even when
1400 the cursor was before the first word in the command.
1402 y. Fixed a bug that caused parsing a command substitution to overwrite the
1403 parsing state associated with the complete input line.
1405 z. Fixed several bugs with the built-in snprintf replacement and field widths
1408 aa. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect offset calculations and input buffer
1409 corruption when reading files longer than 2^31 bytes.
1411 bb. Fixed several bugs where bash performed arithmetic evaluation in contexts
1412 where evaluation is suppressed.
1414 cc. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close FIFOs used for process substitution
1415 too early when a shell function was executing, but protect against using
1416 all file descriptors when the shell functions are invoked inside loops.
1418 dd. Added checks for printable (and non-printable) multibyte characters for
1419 use in error messages.
1421 ee. Fixed a bug that caused ^O (operate-and-get-next) to not work correctly
1422 at the end of the history list.
1424 ff. Fixed a bug that caused command-oriented history to incorrectly combine
1425 here documents into one line.
1427 gg. Fixed a bug that caused importing SHELLOPTS from the environment into a
1428 Posix-mode shell to print an error message and refuse to parse it.
1430 hh. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to delete an extra history entry when
1433 ii. Fixed a bug that caused floating-point exceptions and overflow errors
1434 for the / and % arithmetic operators when using INTMAX_MIN and -1.
1436 jj. Fixed a bug that caused parsing errors when reading an arithmetic for
1437 loop inside a command substitution.
1439 kk. Fixed a bug that caused a readonly function to be unset when unset was
1440 called without the -f or -v option.
1442 ll. Fixed several bugs in the code that quotes characters special to regular
1443 expressions when used in a quoted string on the RHS of the =~ operator
1446 mm. Fixed a bug that caused redirections to fail because the file descriptor
1447 limit was set to a value less than 10.
1449 nn. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to execute code in a signal
1450 handler context if read timed out.
1452 oo. Fixed a bug that caused extended globbing patterns to not match files
1453 beginning with `.' correctly when a `.' was explicitly supplied in the
1456 pp. Fixed a bug that caused key sequences longer than two characters to not
1457 work when used with `bind -x'.
1459 qq. Fixed a bug that resulted in redefined functions having the wrong source
1460 file names in BASH_SOURCE.
1462 rr. Fixed a bug that caused the read builtin to assign null strings to variables
1463 when using `read -N', which caused core dumps when referenced
1465 ss. Fixed a bug that caused `bash -m script' to not enable job control while
1468 tt. Fixed a bug that caused `printf -v var' to dump core when used with the
1471 uu. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit with the wrong status if -e was
1472 active and the shell exited on a substitution error.
1474 vv. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to seg fault if an array variable with
1475 the same name as an existing associative array was implicitly created by
1476 an assignment (declare a[n]=b).
1478 ww. Fixed a bug that caused a redirection to misbehave if the number specified
1479 for a file descriptor overflows an intmax_t.
1481 xx. Fixed several bugs with the handling of valid and invalid unicode character
1482 values when used with the \u and \U escape sequences to printf and $'...'.
1484 yy. Fixed a bug that caused tildes to not be escaped in expanded filenames,
1485 making them subject to later expansion.
1487 zz. When using the pattern substitution word expansion, bash now runs the
1488 replacement string through quote removal, since it allows quotes in that
1489 string to act as escape characters. This is not backwards compatible, so
1490 it can be disabled by setting the bash compatibility mode to 4.2.
1492 aaa. Fixed the rest of the cases where the shell runs non-allowed code in a
1493 signal handler context.
1495 bbb. Fixed a bug that caused spurious DEL characters (\177) to appear in
1496 double-quoted expansion where the RHS is evaluated to the empty string.
1498 ccc. Fixed a bug that caused the use of the shell's internal random number
1499 generator for temporary file names to perturb the random number
1502 ddd. Fixed several bugs that caused `declare -g' to not set the right global
1503 variables or to misbehave when declaring global indexed arrays.
1505 eee. Fixed a logic bug that caused extended globbing in a multibyte locale to
1506 cause failures when using the pattern substititution word expansions.
1508 fff. Fixed a bug that caused the `lastpipe' option to corrupt the file
1509 descriptor used to read the script.
1511 ggg. Fixed a bug that causes the shell to delete DEL characters in the
1512 expanded value of variables used in the same quoted string as variables
1513 that expand to nothing.
1515 hhh. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to assign the wrong value from an
1516 assignment like (( x=7 )) when `x' was an existing array variable.
1518 iii. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to misbehave when generating sequences
1519 and the boundary values overflow an intmax_t.
1521 jjj. Fixed a bug caused expansion errors if an expansion of "$@" appeared
1522 next to another expansion (e.g.. "${@}${x}").
1524 kkk. Fixed a potential buffer overflow bug when performing /dev/fd expansion.
1526 lll. Fixed a bug that resulted in an extra semicolon being added to compound
1527 assignments when they were added to the history list.
1529 mmm. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to read one extra line from the input.
1531 nnn. Fixed a bug that caused the mail checking code to use uninitialized
1534 ooo. Fixed a bug that prevented history timestamps from being saved if the
1535 history comment character is unset.
1537 ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the case-modifying expansions to not work with
1538 multibyte characters.
1540 qqq. Fixed a bug that caused the edit-and-execute bindable readline command
1541 to see the wrong data if invoked in the middle of a multi-line quoted
1544 rrr. Fixed a bug that resulted in the shell returning the wrong exit status
1545 for a background command on systems that recycle PIDs very quickly.
1547 sss. Fixed a bug that caused asynchronous group commands to not run any EXIT
1548 trap defined in the body of the command.
1550 ttt. Fixed a bug that caused `eval "... ; return"' to not clean up properly.
1552 uuu. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core if `read' reads an escaped
1553 IFS whitespace character.
1555 vvv. Fixed a bug that caused BASH_COMMAND to be set to an incorrect value when
1556 executing a (...) subshell.
1558 www. Fixed a couple of pointer aliasing bugs with the token string in arithmetic
1561 xxx. Fixed a bug with parsing multi-line command substitutions when reading
1562 the `do' keyword followed by whitespace.
1564 yyy. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to seg fault if the time given to the
1565 printf %(...)T format overflowed the value accepted by localtime(3).
1567 zzz. Fixed a problem with displaying help topics in two columns when the
1568 translated text contained multibyte characters.
1570 aaaa. Fixed a bug with the extended globbing pattern matcher where a `*' was
1571 followed by a negated extended glob pattern.
1573 bbbb. Fixed a race condition with short-lived coproc creation and reaping that
1574 caused the child process to be reaped before the various coproc shell
1575 variables were initialized.
1577 cccc. Fixed a bug where turning off `errexit' in command substitution subshells
1578 was not reflected in $SHELLOPTS.
1580 dddd. Partially fixed an inconsistency in how the shell treated shell
1581 functions run from an EXIT trap.
1583 eeee. Fixed a bug in how the shell invalidated FIFOs used for process
1584 substitution when executing a pipeline (once rather than in every child).
1586 ffff. Fixed a bug that occurred when expanding a special variable ($@, $*)
1587 within double quotes and the expansion resulted in an empty string.
1589 gggg. Fixed bugs with executing a SIGCHLD trap handler to make sure that it's
1590 executed once per exited child.
1592 hhhh. Fixed a bug that caused `declare' and `test' to find variables that
1593 had been given attributes but not assigned values. Such variables are
1596 iiii. Fixed a bug that caused commands in process substitutions to not look in
1597 the local temporary environment when performing word expansions.
1599 jjjj. Fixed several problems with globstar expansions (**/**) returning null
1600 filenames and multiple instances of the same pathname.
1602 kkkk. Fixed an oversight that did not allow the exit status of `coproc' to
1603 be inverted using `!'.
1605 llll. Fixed a bug that caused the -e option to be re-enabled using `set -e'
1606 even when executing in a context where -e is ignored.
1608 mmmm. Fixed a (mostly theoretical) bug with input lines longer than SIZE_MAX.
1610 nnnn. Fixed a bug that could result in double evaluation of command
1611 substitutions when they appear in failed redirections.
1613 oooo. Fixed a bug that could cause seg faults during `mapfile' callbacks if
1614 the callback unsets the array variable mapfile is using.
1616 pppp. Fixed several problems with variable assignments using ${var:=value}
1617 when the variable assignment is supposed to have side effects.
1619 qqqq. Fixed a bug that caused a failure of an assignment statement preceding a
1620 builtin caused the next invocation of a special builtin to exit the shell.
1622 rrrr. Fixed several problems with IFS when it appears in the temporary environment
1623 and is used in redirections.
1625 ssss. Fixed a problem that caused IFS changes using ${IFS:=value} to modify
1626 how preceding expansions were split.
1628 tttt. Fixed a problem that caused subshells to not run an EXIT trap they set.
1630 uuuu. Fixed a problem that caused shells started in posix mode to attempt to
1631 import shell functions with invalid names from the environment. We now
1634 vvvv. Worked around a kernel problem that caused SIGCHLD to interrupt open(2)
1635 on a FIFO used for process substitution, even if the SIGCHLD handler was
1636 installed with the SA_RESTART flag.
1638 wwww. Fixed a problem that resulted in inconsistent expansion of $* and ${a[*]}.
1640 xxxx. Fixed a problem that caused `read -t' to crash when interrupted by
1643 yyyy. Fixed a problem that caused pattern removal to fail randomly because the
1644 pattern matcher read beyond the end of a string.
1646 zzzz. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when shell functions tried to create
1647 local shadow copies of special variables like GROUPS.
1649 aaaaa. Fixed a bug that caused SIGTERM to be occasionally lost by children of
1650 interactive shells when it arrived before the child process reset the
1651 handler from SIG_DFL.
1653 bbbbb. Fixed a bug that caused redirections like <&n- to leave file descriptor
1654 n closed if executed with a builtin command.
1656 ccccc. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect completion quoting when completing a
1657 word containing a globbing character with `show-all-if-ambiguous' set.
1659 ddddd. Fixed a bug that caused printf's %q format specifier not to quote a
1660 tilde even if it appeared in a location where it would be subject to
1663 2. Changes to Readline
1665 a. Fixed a bug that did not allow the `dd', `cc', or `yy' vi editing mode
1666 commands to work on the entire line.
1668 b. Fixed a bug that caused redisplay problems with prompts longer than 128
1669 characters and history searches.
1671 c. Fixed a bug that caused readline to try and run code to modify its idea
1672 of the screen size in a signal handler context upon receiving a SIGWINCH.
1674 d. Fixed a bug that caused the `meta' key to be enabled beyond the duration
1675 of an individual call top readline().
1677 e. Added a workaround for a wcwidth bug in Mac OS X that caused readline's
1678 redisplay to mishandle zero-width combining characters.
1680 f. Fixed a bug that caused readline to `forget' part of a key sequence when
1681 a multiple-key sequence caused it to break out of an incremental search.
1683 g. Fixed bugs that caused readline to execute code in a signal handler
1684 context if interrupted while reading from the file system during completion.
1686 h. Fixed a bug that caused readline to `forget' part of a key sequence when
1687 reading an unbound multi-character key sequence.
1689 i. Fixed a bug that caused Readline's signal handlers to be installed beyond
1690 the bounds of a single call to readline().
1692 j. Fixed a bug that caused the `.' command to not redo the most recent `R'
1695 k. Fixed a bug that caused ignoring case in completion matches to result in
1696 readline using the wrong match.
1698 l. Paren matching now works in vi insert mode.
1700 m. Fix menu-completion to make show-all-if-ambiguous and menu-complete-display-prefix
1703 n. Fixed a bug that didn't allow the `cc', `dd', or `yy' commands to be redone
1706 o. Fixed a bug that caused the filename comparison code to not compare
1707 multibyte characters correctly when using case-sensitive or case-mapping
1710 p. Fixed the input reading loop to call the input hook function only when there
1711 is no terminal input available.
1713 q. Fixed a bug that caused binding a macro to a multi-character key sequence
1714 where the sequence and macro value share a common prefix to not perform
1715 the macro replacement.
1717 r. Fixed several redisplay errors with multibyte characters and prompts
1718 containing invisible characters when using horizontal scrolling.
1720 s. Fixed a bug that caused redisplay errors when trying to overwrite
1721 existing characters using multibyte characters.
1723 3. New Features in Bash
1725 a. The `helptopic' completion action now maps to all the help topics, not just
1728 b. The `help' builtin no longer does prefix substring matching, so `help read'
1729 does not match `readonly'.
1731 c. The shell can be compiled to not display a message about processes that
1732 terminate due to SIGTERM.
1734 d. Non-interactive shells now react to the setting of checkwinsize and set
1735 LINES and COLUMNS after a foreground job exits.
1737 e. There is a new shell option, `globasciiranges', which, when set to on,
1738 forces globbing range comparisons to use character ordering as if they
1739 were run in the C locale.
1741 f. There is a new shell option, `direxpand', which makes filename completion
1742 expand variables in directory names in the way bash-4.1 did.
1744 g. In Posix mode, the `command' builtin does not change whether or not a
1745 builtin it shadows is treated as an assignment builtin.
1747 h. The `return' and `exit' builtins accept negative exit status arguments.
1749 i. The word completion code checks whether or not a filename containing a
1750 shell variable expands to a directory name and appends `/' to the word
1751 as appropriate. The same code expands shell variables in command names
1752 when performing command completion.
1754 j. In Posix mode, it is now an error to attempt to define a shell function
1755 with the same name as a Posix special builtin.
1757 k. When compiled for strict Posix conformance, history expansion is disabled
1760 l. The history expansion character (!) does not cause history expansion when
1761 followed by the closing quote in a double-quoted string.
1763 m. `complete' and its siblings compgen/compopt now takes a new `-o noquote'
1764 option to inhibit quoting of the completions.
1766 n. Setting HISTSIZE to a value less than zero causes the history list to be
1767 unlimited (setting it 0 zero disables the history list).
1769 o. Setting HISTFILESIZE to a value less than zero causes the history file size
1770 to be unlimited (setting it to 0 causes the history file to be truncated
1773 p. The `read' builtin now skips NUL bytes in the input.
1775 q. There is a new `bind -X' option to print all key sequences bound to Unix
1778 r. When in Posix mode, `read' is interruptible by a trapped signal. After
1779 running the trap handler, read returns 128+signal and throws away any
1780 partially-read input.
1782 s. The command completion code skips whitespace and assignment statements
1783 before looking for the command name word to be completed.
1785 t. The build process has a new mechanism for constructing separate help files
1786 that better reflects the current set of compilation options.
1788 u. The -nt and -ot options to test now work with files with nanosecond
1789 timestamp resolution.
1791 v. The shell saves the command history in any shell for which history is
1792 enabled and HISTFILE is set, not just interactive shells.
1794 w. The shell has `nameref' variables and new -n(/+n) options to declare and
1795 unset to use them, and a `test -R' option to test for them.
1797 x. The shell now allows assigning, referencing, and unsetting elements of
1798 indexed arrays using negative subscripts (a[-1]=2, echo ${a[-1]}) which
1799 count back from the last element of the array.
1801 y. The {x}<word redirection feature now allows words like {array[ind]} and
1802 can use variables with special meanings to the shell (e.g., BASH_XTRACEFD).
1804 z. There is a new CHILD_MAX special shell variable; its value controls the
1805 number of exited child statuses the shell remembers.
1807 aa. There is a new configuration option (--enable-direxpand-default) that
1808 causes the `direxpand' shell option to be enabled by default.
1810 bb. Bash does not do anything special to ensure that the file descriptor
1811 assigned to X in {x}<foo remains open after the block containing it
1814 cc. The `wait' builtin has a new `-n' option to wait for the next child to
1817 dd. The `printf' %(...)T format specifier now uses the current time if no
1818 argument is supplied.
1820 ee. There is a new variable, BASH_COMPAT, that controls the current shell
1821 compatibility level.
1823 ff. The `popd' builtin now treats additional arguments as errors.
1825 gg. The brace expansion code now treats a failed sequence expansion as a
1826 simple string and will continue to expand brace terms in the remainder
1829 4. New Features in Readline
1831 a. Readline is now more responsive to SIGHUP and other fatal signals when
1832 reading input from the terminal or performing word completion but no
1833 longer attempts to run any not-allowable functions from a signal handler
1836 b. There are new bindable commands to search the history for the string of
1837 characters between the beginning of the line and the point
1838 (history-substring-search-forward, history-substring-search-backward)
1840 c. Readline allows quoted strings as the values of variables when setting
1841 them with `set'. As a side effect, trailing spaces and tabs are ignored
1842 when setting a string variable's value.
1844 d. The history library creates a backup of the history file when writing it
1845 and restores the backup on a write error.
1847 e. New application-settable variable: rl_filename_stat_hook: a function called
1848 with a filename before using it in a call to stat(2). Bash uses it to
1849 expand shell variables so things like $HOME/Downloads have a slash
1852 f. New bindable function `print-last-kbd-macro', prints the most-recently-
1853 defined keyboard macro in a reusable format.
1855 g. New user-settable variable `colored-stats', enables use of colored text
1856 to denote file types when displaying possible completions (colored analog
1859 h. New user-settable variable `keyseq-timout', acts as an inter-character
1860 timeout when reading input or incremental search strings.
1862 i. New application-callable function: rl_clear_history. Clears the history list
1863 and frees all readline-associated private data.
1865 j. New user-settable variable, show-mode-in-prompt, adds a characters to the
1866 beginning of the prompt indicating the current editing mode.
1868 k. New application-settable variable: rl_input_available_hook; function to be
1869 called when readline needs to check whether there is data available on its
1870 input source. The default hook checks rl_instream.
1872 l. Readline calls an application-set event hook (rl_signal_event_hook) after
1873 it gets a signal while reading input (read returns -1/EINTR but readline
1874 does not handle the signal immediately) to allow the application to handle
1875 or otherwise note it. Not currently called for SIGHUP or SIGTERM.
1877 m. If the user-settable variable `history-size' is set to a value less than
1878 0, the history list size is unlimited.
1880 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1881 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-release,
1882 and the previous version, bash-4.2-rc2.
1886 a. Fixed a bug that caused some variables to be clobbered by a longjmp,
1887 resulting in stack corruption.
1889 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1890 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-rc2,
1891 and the previous version, bash-4.2-rc1.
1895 a. Changes to bash_directory_completion_hook so that it's assigned to the
1896 readline rl_directory_rewrite_hook variable, which modifies the directory
1897 name passed to opendir without modifying the directory name the user
1900 b. Fixed bug in select builtin that caused it to not terminate correctly if
1901 the read timed out due to $TMOUT.
1903 c. Fixed a problem that resulted in non-repeatable sequences of random
1904 numbers when RANDOM=0.
1906 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1907 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-rc1,
1908 and the previous version, bash-4.2-beta.
1912 a. Fixed a bug that caused some redirection errors to leak file descriptors.
1914 b. Fixed a bug that caused unary `+' and `-' arithmetic operators to have a
1915 higher precedence than unary `!' and `~'.
1917 c. Fixed a bug that caused simple commands in a pipeline to affect the exit
1918 status ($?) seen by subsequent pipeline commands.
1920 d. A number of cygwin-specific changes to avoid the use of text-mode files
1921 and file access, and to make sure that \r is handled correctly.
1923 e. Fixed a bug that caused the read builtin to not return failure if an
1924 attempt is made to assign to a readonly variable.
1926 f. Fixed a bug that caused some builtin usage messages to not be translated.
1928 g. Fixed a bug that caused the getopts builtin to not return failure if an
1929 attempt is made to assign to a readonly variable. Now it returns 2.
1931 h. Fixed the cd and pwd builtins to return failure if PWD is readonly and
1932 cannot be assigned to.
1934 i. Added code to check the return value of access(2) on Solaris systems,
1935 since it returns success for executable tests (e.g., `test -x') when
1936 run by root, even if the file permissions don't allow execution.
1938 2. Changes to Readline
1940 a. Fixed a bug that caused directory names in words to be completed to not
1941 be dequoted correctly.
1943 3. New Features in Bash
1945 4. New Features in Readline
1947 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1948 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-beta,
1949 and the previous version, bash-4.2-alpha.
1953 a. Fixed a bug that caused the \W prompt string escape to not add a closing
1956 b. Fixed a bug that caused partially-quoted words that were not subject to
1957 word splitting to retained quoted NULLs.
1959 c. Added considerable efficiency speedups when pattern matching in multibyte
1960 locales by skipping multibyte character functions where possible.
1962 d. Added considerable speedups to variable expansion when in multibyte locales.
1964 e. Fixed a bug that caused the expansion of $* when there are no positional
1965 parameters to cause the shell to dump core when used in a pattern
1968 f. Fixed a bug that caused variable expansions preceding regular builtins to
1969 not change the shell environment during their execution.
1971 2. Changes to Readline
1973 a. Fixed a bug that made an explicit argument of 0 to yank-last-arg behave
1974 as if it were a negative argument.
1976 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1977 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-alpha,
1978 and the previous version, bash-4.1-release.
1982 a. Fixed a bug in the parser when processing alias expansions containing
1985 b. Fixed a memory leak in associative array expansion.
1987 c. Fixed a bug that caused quoted here-strings to be requoted when printed.
1989 d. Fixed a bug in arithmetic expansion that caused the index in an array
1990 expansion to be evaluated twice under certain circumstances.
1992 e. Fixed several bugs with the expansion and display of variables that have
1993 been given attributes but not values and are technically unset.
1995 f. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when using filename completion that
1996 expands to a filename containing a globbing character.
1998 g. Fixed a bug that caused assignment statements preceding a special builtin
1999 when running in Posix mode to not persist after the builtin completed
2000 when the special builtin was executed in a shell function without any
2003 h. Fixed a bug that caused a command to remain in the hash table even after
2004 `hash command' did not find anything if there was already an existing
2007 i. Fixed several bugs caused by executing unsafe functions from a signal
2008 handler in the cases where a signal handler is executed immediately
2009 rather than setting a flag for later execution.
2011 j. Fixed a bug that caused some internal flag variables to be set
2012 incorrectly if `read -t' timed out.
2014 k. Fixed a Posix compatibility issue by making sure that a backslash escaping
2015 a `}' within a double-quoted ${...} parameter expansion is removed as part
2016 of the parameter expansion.
2018 l. Fixed a bug that caused execution of a trap to overwrite PIPESTATUS.
2020 m. Fixed a bug that caused here documents to not be displayed correctly
2021 when attached to commands inside compound commands.
2023 n. Fixed a bug that caused the printf builtin to use the wrong precision
2024 when using the `*' modifier.
2026 o. Fixed a bug that caused an arriving SIGCHLD to interrupt output functions
2027 like those invoked by echo or printf.
2029 p. Changed to use a more robust mechanism than eaccess(2) when test is
2030 checking filenames for execution permission.
2032 q. Fixed a bug that caused spurious semicolons to be added into the command
2033 history in certain cases.
2035 r. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to free non-allocated memory when
2036 unsetting element 0 of an associative array after it was assigned
2039 s. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to dump core if using the `v'
2040 vi editing command on a multi-line command.
2042 t. Fixed a bug that left FIFOs opened by process substitutions open long
2043 enough to potentially cause file descriptor exhaustion when running a
2044 shell function or shell builtin.
2046 u. Fixed a bug that caused the history expansion functions to not recognize
2047 process substitution or extended glob patterns as single words.
2049 v. Fixed a bug that caused restricted shells to set a restricted command's
2050 exit status incorrectly.
2052 w. Fixed a bug that caused bash to ignore the wrong set of filenames when
2053 completing a command using the `complete-filename' readline command.
2055 x. Fixed a bug that caused a -PID argument following a -s sig or -n sig to
2056 not be interpreted as a signal specification.
2058 y. Changed posix-mode behavior of a parse error in a `.' script or `eval'
2059 command to exit the shell under Posix-specified conditions. Previous
2060 versions printed a warning.
2062 z. Fixed a bug in \W prompt expansion that resulted in incorrect expansion
2063 in the event of overlapping strings.
2065 aa. Fixed a bug that caused the := parameter expansion operator to return the
2066 wrong value as the result of the expansion.
2068 bb. When in Posix mode, a single quote is not treated specially in a
2069 double-quoted ${...} expansion, unless the expansion operator is
2070 # or % or the non-Posix `//', `^', and `,'. In particular, it does
2071 not define a new quoting context. This is from Posix interpretation 221.
2073 cc. Fixed a bug that inadvertently allowed program names containing slashes
2074 to be entered into the command hash table.
2076 dd. Fixed a bug that caused the select builtin to incorrectly compute the
2077 display width of the arguments in the presence of multibyte characters.
2079 ee. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not change the xtrace file descriptor if
2080 BASH_XTRACEFD was found in the shell environment at startup.
2082 ff. Fixed a memory leak in the pattern removal parameter expansion.
2084 gg. Fixed a bug that caused SIGINT to fail to interrupt a nested loop if the
2085 loop was in a pipeline.
2087 hh. Fixed a problem in $(...) parsing that caused the parser to add an extra
2088 space to a here-document delimiter if the first word contained a `/'.
2090 ii. Fixed a bug that caused functions defined with the `function' reserved
2091 word to require braces around the function body.
2093 jj. Fixed a bug that caused bash to dump core when a variable expansion being
2094 used as an array subscript failed.
2096 kk. Fixed a bug that caused bash to dump core if the case-modification
2097 expansions were used on a variable with a null value.
2099 ll. Fixed a bug that caused partially-quoted strings to be split incorrectly
2100 if a variable with a null value was expanded within double quotes.
2102 mm. The pattern substitution word expansion has been sped up dramatically
2103 when running in a locale with multibyte characters.
2105 nn. Fixed a bug that caused history -a to not write the correct lines to
2106 the history file if all the new lines in the history list were added
2107 since the last time the history file was read or written.
2109 oo. Fixed a bug that caused completion of a word with an unclosed `` command
2110 substitution to set the prompt incorrectly.
2112 pp. Fixed a bug that caused extended globbing patterns in $HISTIGNORE or
2113 $GLOBIGNORE to be incorrectly scanned.
2115 qq. Fixed a bug caused by closing file descriptors 3-20 on shell startup. The
2116 shell now sets them to close-on-exec.
2118 rr. Fixed a bug that caused the exit status of `exec file' to be set incorrectly
2119 if `file' was a directory.
2121 ss. Fixed a bug in the `.' builtin to make a non-interactive posix-mode shell
2122 exit if the file argument to `.' is not found. Prefixing exec with
2123 `command' makes the shell not exit. Posix requires this behavior.
2125 tt. Fixed a bug that caused `sh -c 'command exec; exit 1' to hang.
2127 uu. Fixed a bug in $(...) command substitution parsing that caused the shell
2128 to treat backslash-newline incorrectly when parsing a comment.
2130 vv. Fixed bug that caused brace expansion sequence generation to misbehave
2131 when supplied integers greater than 2**31 - 1.
2133 ww. Fixed a bug that caused failure to save file descriptors for redirections
2134 to corrupt shell file descriptors.
2136 xx. Fixed a bug that caused bash-forward-shellword to not correctly handle
2139 2. Changes to Readline
2141 a. Fixed a bug that caused the unconverted filename to be added to the list of
2142 completions when the application specified filename conversion functions.
2144 b. Fixed a bug that caused the wrong filename to be passed to opendir when the
2145 application has specified a filename dequoting function.
2147 c. Fixed a bug when repeating a character search in vi mode in the case where
2148 there was no search to repeat.
2150 d. When show-all-if-ambiguous is set, the completion routines no longer insert
2151 a common match prefix that is shorter than the text being completed.
2153 e. The full set of vi editing commands may now be used in callback mode.
2155 f. Fixed a bug that caused readline to not update its idea of the terminal
2156 dimensions while running in `no-echo' mode.
2158 h. Fixed a bug that caused readline to dump core if an application called
2159 rl_prep_terminal without setting rl_instream.
2161 i. Fixed a bug that caused meta-prefixed characters bound to incremental
2162 search forward or backward to not be recognized if they were typed
2165 j. The incremental search code treats key sequences that map to the same
2166 functions as (default) ^G, ^W, and ^Y as equivalent to those characters.
2168 k. Fixed a bug in menu-complete that caused it to misbehave with large
2171 l. Fixed a bug that caused vi-mode yank-last-arg to ring the bell when invoked
2172 at the end of the line.
2174 3. New Features in Bash
2176 a. `exec -a foo' now sets $0 to `foo' in an executable shell script without a
2179 b. Subshells begun to execute command substitutions or run shell functions or
2180 builtins in subshells do not reset trap strings until a new trap is
2181 specified. This allows $(trap) to display the caller's traps and the
2182 trap strings to persist until a new trap is set.
2184 c. `trap -p' will now show signals ignored at shell startup, though their
2185 disposition still cannot be modified.
2187 d. $'...', echo, and printf understand \uXXXX and \UXXXXXXXX escape sequences.
2189 e. declare/typeset has a new `-g' option, which creates variables in the
2190 global scope even when run in a shell function.
2192 f. test/[/[[ have a new -v variable unary operator, which returns success if
2193 `variable' has been set.
2195 g. Posix parsing changes to allow `! time command' and multiple consecutive
2196 instances of `!' (which toggle) and `time' (which have no cumulative
2199 h. Posix change to allow `time' as a command by itself to print the elapsed
2200 user, system, and real times for the shell and its children.
2202 j. $((...)) is always parsed as an arithmetic expansion first, instead of as
2203 a potential nested command substitution, as Posix requires.
2205 k. A new FUNCNEST variable to allow the user to control the maximum shell
2206 function nesting (recursive execution) level.
2208 l. The mapfile builtin now supplies a third argument to the callback command:
2209 the line about to be assigned to the supplied array index.
2211 m. The printf builtin has a new %(fmt)T specifier, which allows time values
2212 to use strftime-like formatting.
2214 n. There is a new `compat41' shell option.
2216 o. The cd builtin has a new Posix-mandated `-e' option.
2218 p. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays, previously errors, now are treated
2219 as offsets from the maximum assigned index + 1.
2221 q. Negative length specifications in the ${var:offset:length} expansion,
2222 previously errors, are now treated as offsets from the end of the variable.
2224 r. Parsing change to allow `time -p --'.
2226 s. Posix-mode parsing change to not recognize `time' as a keyword if the
2227 following token begins with a `-'. This means no more Posix-mode
2228 `time -p'. Posix interpretation 267.
2230 t. There is a new `lastpipe' shell option that runs the last command of a
2231 pipeline in the current shell context. The lastpipe option has no
2232 effect if job control is enabled.
2234 u. History expansion no longer expands the `$!' variable expansion.
2236 v. Posix mode shells no longer exit if a variable assignment error occurs
2237 with an assignment preceding a command that is not a special builtin.
2239 w. Non-interactive mode shells exit if -u is enabled and an attempt is made
2240 to use an unset variable with the % or # expansions, the `//', `^', or
2241 `,' expansions, or the parameter length expansion.
2243 x. Posix-mode shells use the argument passed to `.' as-is if a $PATH search
2244 fails, effectively searching the current directory. Posix-2008 change.
2246 4. New Features in Readline
2248 a. The history library does not try to write the history filename in the
2249 current directory if $HOME is unset. This closes a potential security
2250 problem if the application does not specify a history filename.
2252 b. New bindable variable `completion-display-width' to set the number of
2253 columns used when displaying completions.
2255 c. New bindable variable `completion-case-map' to cause case-insensitive
2256 completion to treat `-' and `_' as identical.
2258 d. There are new bindable vi-mode command names to avoid readline's case-
2259 insensitive matching not allowing them to be bound separately.
2261 e. New bindable variable `menu-complete-display-prefix' causes the menu
2262 completion code to display the common prefix of the possible completions
2263 before cycling through the list, instead of after.
2265 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2266 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.1-rc,
2267 and the previous version, bash-4.1-beta.
2271 a. Fixed a bug that caused printf to not return a partial value when it
2272 encountered an error while converting an integer argument.
2274 b. Fixed a bug that caused setting one of the compatNN options to not
2275 turn off the others.
2277 c. The (undocumented) --wordexp option is no longer included by default.
2279 d. Fixed a bug in conditional command execution that caused it to not
2280 correctly ignore the exit status under certain circumstances.
2282 e. Added a configure-time check for correctly-working asprintf/snprintf.
2284 f. Fixed some problems with line number calculation and display when sourcing
2285 a file in an interactive shell.
2287 g. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when using `declare -A foo=bar'.
2289 h. Fixed a bug that caused an off-by-one error when calculating the directories
2290 to display with the PROMPT_DIRTRIM option.
2292 2. Changes to Readline
2294 a. Fixed a bug that caused applications using the callback interface to not
2295 react to SIGINT (or other signals) until another character arrived.
2297 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2298 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.1-beta,
2299 and the previous version, bash-4.1-alpha.
2303 a. Fixed a bug in mapfile that caused the shell to crash if it was passed the
2304 name of an associative array.
2306 b. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to incorrectly split case patterns if
2307 they contained characters in $IFS.
2309 c. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to set $? to the wrong value when using
2310 a construct ending with a variable assignment with set -x enabled and PS4
2311 containing a command substitution.
2313 d. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to read commands incorrectly if an
2314 expansion error occurred under certain conditions in a user-specified
2317 e. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to set $? incorrectly if a parse error
2318 occurred in an evaluation context ("eval", trap command, dot script, etc.)
2320 f. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to attempt command substitution
2321 completion within a single-quoted string.
2323 g. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to insert an extra single quote during
2326 h. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash if invoked with the environment
2327 variable EMACS having a null value.
2329 i. Fixed a bug that caused bash to incorrectly report the presence of new
2330 mail in a `maildir' environment.
2332 j. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not recognize a here-document ending
2333 delimiter inside a command substitution.
2335 k. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when a a dynamic array variable
2336 was assigned a scalar value.
2338 2. Changes to Readline
2340 3. New Features in Bash
2342 a. The mapfile/readarray builtin no longer stores the commands it invokes via
2343 callbacks in the history list.
2345 b. There is a new `compat40' shopt option.
2347 c. The < and > operators to [[ do string comparisons using the current locale
2348 only if the compatibility level is greater than 40 (set to 41 by default).
2350 4. New Features in Readline
2352 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2353 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.1-alpha,
2354 and the previous version, bash-4.0-release.
2358 a. Fixed bugs in the parser involving new parsing of the commands contained
2359 in command substitution when the substitution is read.
2361 b. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing programmable
2362 completion using a shell function.
2364 c. Fixed a bug in `mapfile' that caused it to invoke callbacks at the wrong
2367 d. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when listing jobs in the
2370 e. Fixed several bugs encountered when reading subscripts in associative
2371 array assignments and expansions.
2373 f. Fixed a bug that under some circumstances caused an associative array to
2374 be converted to an indexed array.
2376 g. Fixed a bug that caused syntax errors and SIGINT interrupts to not set
2377 $? to a value > 128.
2379 h. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to remove FIFOs associated with process
2380 substitution inside shell functions.
2382 i. Fixed a bug that caused terminal attributes to not be reset when the
2383 `read' builtin timed out.
2385 j. Fixed a bug in brace expansion that caused unwanted zero padding of the
2388 k. Fixed a bug that prevented the |& construct from working as intended when
2389 used with a simple command with additional redirections.
2391 l. Fixed a bug with the case statment ;& terminator that caused the shell to
2392 dereference a NULL pointer.
2394 m. Fixed a bug that caused assignment statements or redirections preceding
2395 a simple command name to inhibit alias expansion.
2397 n. Fixed the behavior of `set -u' to conform to the latest Posix interpretation:
2398 every expansion of an unset variable except $@ and $* will cause the
2401 o. Fixed a bug that caused double-quoted expansions of $* inside word
2402 expansions like ${x#$*} to not expand properly when $IFS is empty.
2404 p. Fixed a bug that caused traps to set $LINENO to the wrong value when they
2407 q. Fixed a bug that caused off-by-one errors when computing history lines in
2410 r. Fixed a bug that caused some terminating signals to not exit the shell
2411 quickly enough, forcing the kernel to send the signal (e.g., SIGSEGV)
2414 s. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to attempt to add empty lines to the
2415 history list when reading here documents.
2417 t. Made some internal changes that dramatically speeds up sequential indexed
2420 u. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to write past the end of a string when
2421 completing a double-quoted string ending in a backslash.
2423 v. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to replace too many characters when a
2424 pattern match was null in a ${foo//bar} expansion.
2426 w. Fixed bugs in the expansion of ** that caused duplicate directory names
2427 and the contents of the current directory to be omitted.
2429 x. Fixed a bug that caused $? to not be set correctly when referencing an
2430 unset variable with set -u and set -e enabled.
2432 y. Fixed a bug caused by executing an external program from the DEBUG trap
2433 while a pipeline was running. The effect was to disturb the pipeline
2434 state, occasionally causing it to hang.
2436 z. Fixed a bug that caused the ** glob expansion to dump core if it
2437 encountered an unsearchable directory.
2439 aa. Fixed a bug that caused `command -v' and `command -V' to not honor the
2440 path set by the -p option.
2442 bb. Fixed a bug that caused brace expansion to take place too soon in some
2443 compound array assignments.
2445 cc. Fixed a bug that caused programmable completion functions' changes to
2446 READLINE_POINT to not be reflected back to readline.
2448 dd. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core if a trap was executed
2449 during a shell assignment statement.
2451 ee. Fixed an off-by-one error when computing the number of positional
2452 parameters for the ${@:0:n} expansion.
2454 ff. Fixed a problem with setting COMP_CWORD for programmable completion
2455 functions that could leave it set to -1.
2457 gg. Fixed a bug that caused the ERR trap to be triggered in some cases where
2458 `set -e' would not have caused the shell to exit.
2460 hh. Fixed a bug that caused changes made by `compopt' to not persist past the
2461 completion function in which compopt was executed.
2463 ii. Fixed a bug that caused the list of hostname completions to not be cleared
2464 when HOSTNAME was unset.
2466 jj. Fixed a bug that caused variable expansion in here documents to look in
2467 any temporary environment.
2469 kk. Bash and readline can now convert file names between precomposed and
2470 decomposed Unicode on Mac OS X ("keyboard" and file system forms,
2471 respectively). This affects filename completion (using new
2472 rl_filename_rewrite_hook), globbing, and readline redisplay.
2474 ll. The ERR and EXIT traps now see a non-zero value for $? when a parser
2475 error after set -e has been enabled causes the shell to exit.
2477 mm. Fixed a bug that in brace expansion that caused zero-prefixed terms to
2478 not contain the correct number of digits.
2480 nn. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to free non-allocated memory when
2481 unsetting an associative array which had had a value implicitly assigned
2484 oo. Fixed a memory leak in the ${!prefix@} expansion.
2486 pp. Fixed a bug that caused printf to not correctly report all write errors.
2488 qq. Fixed a bug that caused single and double quotes to act as delimiters
2489 when splitting a command line into words for programmable completion.
2491 rr. Fixed a bug that caused ** globbing that caused **/path/* to match every
2492 directory, not just those matching `path'.
2494 ss. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when running `help' without
2495 arguments if the terminal width was fewer than 7 characters.
2497 2. Changes to Readline
2499 a. The SIGWINCH signal handler now avoids calling the redisplay code if
2500 one arrives while in the middle of redisplay.
2502 b. Changes to the timeout code to make sure that timeout values greater
2503 than one second are handled better.
2505 c. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code that was triggered by a prompt
2506 containing invisible characters exactly the width of the screen.
2508 d. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code encountered when running in horizontal
2511 e. Fixed a bug that prevented menu completion from properly completing
2514 f. Fixed a redisplay bug caused by a multibyte character causing a line to
2517 g. Fixed a bug that caused key sequences of two characters to not be
2518 recognized when a longer sequence identical in the first two characters
2521 h. Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to be attempted on $'...'
2522 single-quoted strings.
2524 i. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect redisplay when the prompt contained
2525 multibyte characters in an `invisible' sequence bracketed by \[ and
2528 j. Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to short-circuit after
2529 encountering a multibyte character.
2531 3. New Features in Bash
2533 a. Here-documents within $(...) command substitutions may once more be
2534 delimited by the closing right paren, instead of requiring a newline.
2536 b. Bash's file status checks (executable, readable, etc.) now take file
2537 system ACLs into account on file systems that support them.
2539 c. Bash now passes environment variables with names that are not valid
2540 shell variable names through into the environment passed to child
2543 d. The `execute-unix-command' readline function now attempts to clear and
2544 reuse the current line rather than move to a new one after the command
2547 e. `printf -v' can now assign values to array indices.
2549 f. New `complete -E' and `compopt -E' options that work on the "empty"
2550 completion: completion attempted on an empty command line.
2552 g. New complete/compgen/compopt -D option to define a `default' completion:
2553 a completion to be invoked on command for which no completion has been
2554 defined. If this function returns 124, programmable completion is
2555 attempted again, allowing a user to dynamically build a set of completions
2556 as completion is attempted by having the default completion function
2557 install individual completion functions each time it is invoked.
2559 h. When displaying associative arrays, subscripts are now quoted.
2561 i. Changes to dabbrev-expand to make it more `emacs-like': no space appended
2562 after matches, completions are not sorted, and most recent history entries
2563 are presented first.
2565 j. The [[ and (( commands are now subject to the setting of `set -e' and the
2568 k. The source/. builtin now removes NUL bytes from the file before attempting
2571 l. There is a new configuration option (in config-top.h) that forces bash to
2572 forward all history entries to syslog.
2574 m. A new variable $BASHOPTS to export shell options settable using `shopt' to
2577 n. There is a new confgure option that forces the extglob option to be
2580 o. New variable $BASH_XTRACEFD; when set to an integer bash will write xtrace
2581 output to that file descriptor.
2583 p. If the optional left-hand-side of a redirection is of the form {var}, the
2584 shell assigns the file descriptor used to $var or uses $var as the file
2585 descriptor to move or close, depending on the redirection operator.
2587 q. The < and > operators to the [[ conditional command now do string
2588 comparison according to the current locale.
2590 r. Programmable completion now uses the completion for `b' instead of `a'
2591 when completion is attempted on a line like: a $(b c.
2593 s. Force extglob on temporarily when parsing the pattern argument to
2594 the == and != operators to the [[ command, for compatibility.
2596 t. Changed the behavior of interrupting the wait builtin when a SIGCHLD is
2597 received and a trap on SIGCHLD is set to be Posix-mode only.
2599 u. The read builtin has a new `-N nchars' option, which reads exactly NCHARS
2600 characters, ignoring delimiters like newline.
2602 4. New Features in Readline
2604 a. New bindable function: menu-complete-backward.
2606 b. In the vi insertion keymap, C-n is now bound to menu-complete by default,
2607 and C-p to menu-complete-backward.
2609 c. When in vi command mode, repeatedly hitting ESC now does nothing, even
2610 when ESC introduces a bound key sequence. This is closer to how
2611 historical vi behaves.
2613 d. New bindable function: skip-csi-sequence. Can be used as a default to
2614 consume key sequences generated by keys like Home and End without having
2617 e. New application-settable function: rl_filename_rewrite_hook. Can be used
2618 to rewite or modify filenames read from the file system before they are
2619 compared to the word to be completed.
2621 f. New bindable variable: skip-completed-text, active when completing in the
2622 middle of a word. If enabled, it means that characters in the completion
2623 that match characters in the remainder of the word are "skipped" rather
2624 than inserted into the line.
2626 g. The pre-readline-6.0 version of menu completion is available as
2627 "old-menu-complete" for users who do not like the readline-6.0 version.
2629 h. New bindable variable: echo-control-characters. If enabled, and the
2630 tty ECHOCTL bit is set, controls the echoing of characters corresponding
2631 to keyboard-generated signals.
2633 i. New bindable variable: enable-meta-key. Controls whether or not readline
2634 sends the smm/rmm sequences if the terminal indicates it has a meta key
2635 that enables eight-bit characters.
2637 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2638 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-release,
2639 and the previous version, bash-4.0-rc1.
2643 a. Changed the message printed when setlocale(3) fails to only include the
2644 strerror error text if the call changes errno.
2646 b. Changed trap command execution to reset the line number before running a
2647 trap (except DEBUG and RETURN traps).
2649 c. Fixed behavior of case-modifiying word expansions to not work on
2650 individual words within a variable's value.
2652 d. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not be interruptible when run in an
2655 e. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not run callbacks for the first line
2658 f. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not honor EOF typed in an interactive
2661 g. Fixed the coprocess reaping code to not run straight from a signal handler.
2663 h. Fixed a bug that caused printf -b to ignore the first % conversion specifier
2664 in the format string on 64-bit systems.
2666 i. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect word splitting when `:', `=', or `~'
2669 j. Fixed a bug that caused data corruption in the programmable completion code
2670 when a shell function called from a completion aborted execution.
2672 k. Fixed a bug that caused the CPU usage reported by the `time' builtin to be
2675 l. Changed behavior of shell when -e option is in effect to reflect consensus
2676 of Posix shell standardization working group.
2678 m. Fixed a bug introduced in bash-4.0-alpha that caused redirections to not
2679 be displayed by `type' or `declare' when appearing in functions under
2680 certain circumstances.
2682 2. Changes to Readline
2684 a. Fixed a bug that caused !(...) extended glob patterns to inhibit later
2687 b. Reworked the signal handling to avoid calling disallowed functions from a
2690 3. New Features in Bash
2692 a. `readarray' is now a synonym for `mapfile'.
2693 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2694 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-rc1,
2695 and the previous version, bash-4.0-beta2.
2699 a. Fixed a bug that caused parsing errors when a $()-style command
2700 substitution was follwed immediately by a quoted newline.
2702 b. Fixed a bug that caused extended shell globbing patterns beginning with
2703 `*(' to not work when used with pattern substitution word expansions.
2705 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2706 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-beta2,
2707 and the previous version, bash-4.0-beta.
2711 a. Fixed a bug that caused failed word expansions to set $? but not
2714 b. Changed filename completion to quote the tilde in a filename with a
2715 leading tilde that exists in the current directory.
2717 c. Fixed a bug that caused a file descriptor leak when performing
2718 redirections attached to a compound command.
2720 d. Fixed a bug that caused expansions of $@ and $* to not exit the shell if
2721 the -u option was enabled and there were no posititional parameters.
2723 e. Fixed a bug that resulted in bash not terminating immediately if a
2724 terminating signal was received while performing output.
2726 f. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash after creating 256 process
2727 substitutions during word completion.
2729 2. Changes to Readline
2731 a. Fixed a bug that caused redisplay errors when using prompts with invisible
2732 characters and numeric arguments to a command in a multibyte locale.
2734 b. Fixed a bug that caused redisplay errors when using prompts with invisible
2735 characters spanning more than two physical screen lines.
2737 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2738 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-beta,
2739 and the previous version, bash-4.0-alpha.
2743 a. Fixed a typo that caused a variable to be used before initialization
2744 while parsing Posix-style command substitutions.
2746 b. Fixed a bug that caused stray ^? when the expansion of a parameter used
2747 as part of a pattern removal expansion is empty, but part of a non-
2750 c. Fixed a bug that could cause strings not converted to numbers by strtol
2751 to be treated as if the conversion had been successful.
2753 d. The `return' builtin now accepts no options and requires a `--' before
2754 a negative return value, as Posix requires.
2756 e. Fixed a bug that caused local variables to be created with the empty
2757 string for a value rather than no value.
2759 f. Changed behavior so the shell now acts as if it received an interrupt
2760 when a pipeline is killed by SIGINT while executing a list.
2762 g. Fixed a bug that caused `declare var' and `typeset var' to initialize
2763 `var' to the empty string.
2765 h. Changed `bind' builtin to print a warning but proceed if invoked when
2766 line editing is not active.
2768 i. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit when the `errexit' option is
2769 set and a command in a pipeline returns a non-zero exit status.
2771 j. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not run the exit trap in a command
2772 run with `bash -c' under some circumstances.
2774 k. Fixed a bug that caused parser errors to occasionally not set $? when
2775 running commands with `eval'.
2777 l. Fixed a bug that caused stray control characters when evaluating compound
2778 array assignments containing $'\x7f' escapes.
2780 m. Fixed a bug that caused redirections involving file descriptor 10 as the
2781 target to behave incorrectly.
2783 n. Fixed a bug that could cause memory to be freed multiple times when
2784 assigning to COMP_WORDBREAKS.
2786 o. Fixed a bug that could cause NULL pointer dereferences when COMP_WORDBREAKS
2789 2. Changes to Readline
2791 3. New Features in Bash
2793 a. A value of 0 for the -t option to `read' now returns success if there is
2794 input available to be read from the specified file descriptor.
2796 b. CDPATH and GLOBIGNORE are ignored when the shell is running in privileged
2799 c. New bindable readline functions shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word,
2800 which move forward and backward words delimited by shell metacharacters
2801 and honor shell quoting.
2803 d. New bindable readline functions shell-backward-kill-word and shell-kill-word
2804 which kill words backward and forward, but use the same word boundaries
2805 as shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word.
2807 4. New Features in Readline
2809 a. If the kernel supports it, readline displays special characters
2810 corresponding to a keyboard-generated signal when the signal is received.
2812 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2813 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-alpha,
2814 and the previous version, bash-3.2-release.
2818 a. Fixed several bugs in old-style `` command substitution parsing, including
2819 comment parsing and quoted string handling.
2821 b. Fixed problems parsing arguments to the [[ command's =~ regular expression
2822 matching operator: metacharacter and whitespace parsing.
2824 c. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to inappropriately reuse high-numbered
2825 file descriptors it used internally.
2827 d. Fixed a bug in pattern replacement word expansions that caused a `/' as
2828 the first character of an expanded pattern to be mistaken for a global
2829 replacement specifier.
2831 e. Fixed several problems with the asprintf and snprintf replacement functions
2832 that caused hangs and crashes.
2834 f. Fixed a bug in the calculation of the current and previous job that caused
2835 it to refer to incorrect jobs.
2837 g. Fixed a bug in the check for the validity of a hashed command pathname that
2838 caused unnecessary hash table deletions and additions.
2840 h. Fixed a bug that caused child processes to inherit the wrong value for $!.
2842 i. Fixed a bug that caused `.' to fail to read and execute commands from non-
2843 regular files such as devices or named pipes.
2845 j. Fixed a bug in printf formatting for the %x and %X expansions that occurred
2848 k. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when creating temporary files if
2849 $TMPDIR named a non-writable directory.
2851 l. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to ignore $TMPDIR when creating temporary
2852 files under some circumstances.
2854 m. Fixed a bug that caused named pipes created by process substitution to not
2857 n. Fixed a bug that caused HISTTIMEFORMAT to not be honored when it appeared
2858 in the initial shell environment.
2860 o. Fixed several bugs in the expansion of $* and $@ (quoted and unquoted)
2861 when IFS is null or contains non-whitespace characters; the same changes
2862 apply to arrays subscripted with * or @.
2864 p. Fixed several problems with pattern substitution expansions on the
2865 positional parameters and arrays subscripted with * or @ that occurred
2866 when $IFS was set to the empty string.
2868 q. Made a change to the default locale initialization code that should
2869 result in better behavior from the locale-aware library functions.
2871 r. Fixed a bug that caused compacting the jobs list to drop jobs.
2873 s. Fixed a bug that caused jumps back to the top-level processing loop from
2874 a builtin command to leave the shell in an inconsistent state.
2876 t. Fixed a bug that caused characters that would be escaped internally to be
2877 doubled when escaped with a backslash.
2879 u. Fixed the initialization of mailboxes to not cause maildirs to be read
2880 (and stat(2) called for every message file) at shell startup.
2882 v. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not display $PS2 when the read builtin
2883 reads a line continued with a backslash.
2885 w. Fixed a bug that caused errors in word splitting when $IFS contained
2886 characters used for internal quoting.
2888 x. Fixed bugs that caused problems with output from shell builtins not being
2889 completely displayed on some systems.
2891 y. Fixed a bug that caused output to be lost when a redirection is acting on
2892 the shell's output file descriptor.
2894 z. Fixed bugs caused by shell builtins not checking for all write errors.
2896 aa. Fixed a problem that caused the shell to dump core if expansions on the
2897 pattern passed to the pattern removal word expansions resulted in expansion
2900 bb. Fixed a bug that caused bash to loop infinitely after creating and
2901 waiting for 4096 jobs.
2903 cc. Fixed a bug that caused bash to lose the status of a background job under
2904 certain circumstances.
2906 dd. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not look in the temporary environment
2907 when performing variable lookup under certain circumstances.
2909 ee. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close file descriptors greater than 10
2910 when they were used in redirections.
2912 ff. Fixed a problem that caused the shell to attempt to read from the standard
2913 input when called as `bash -i script'.
2915 gg. Fixed a memory leak and variable initialization problems when the -v option
2916 was supplied to `printf' that could cause incorrect results.
2918 hh. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to count bytes when the -n option
2919 was supplied, rather than (possibly multibyte) characters.
2921 ii. Fixed a bug when displaying a function due to not converting the function
2922 to an external form.
2924 jj. Changed job control initialization to ensure that the shell has a tty
2925 as its controlling terminal before enabling job control.
2927 kk. Fixed a bug with the `test' builtin that caused it to misinterpret
2928 arguments beginning with `-' but containing more than one character.
2930 ll. Fixed bug that could cause the shell to dump core in certain cases where
2931 a command sets the SIGINT disposition to the default.
2933 mm. Fixed a bug in the pattern replacement (affecting both word expansion
2934 and the `fc' builtin) that occurred when the pattern and replacement
2937 nn. Fixed a bug that caused an arithmetic evaluation error to disable all
2940 oo. Fixed a bug in pathname expansion that caused it to interpret backslashes
2941 in the pathname as quoting characters.
2943 pp. Fixed a bug in the replacement getcwd() implementation that could cause
2944 memory to be overwritten.
2946 qq. When in Posix mode, the `ulimit' builtin now uses a block size of 512 for
2947 the `-c' and `-f' options.
2949 rr. Brace expansion now allows process substitutions to pass through unchanged.
2951 ss. Fixed a problem in the command name completion code to avoid quoting
2952 escaped special characters twice when the command name begins with a tilde.
2954 tt. Fixed a problem in the printf builtin that resulted in single-byte
2955 output for the "'" escape, even when using multibyte characters.
2957 uu. Fixed a bug that caused the failure exit status to be lost when redirections
2958 attached to a compound command failed.
2960 vv. Fixed a bug that caused the internal random number generator to not be
2961 re-seeded correctly when creating a subshell.
2963 ww. Fixed a bug that could cause the bash replacement getcwd to overwrite
2966 xx. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not receive SIGINT if it was sent
2967 while the shell was waiting for a command substitution to terminate, and
2968 make sure the exit status is correct when it does.
2970 yy. Fixed a bug that resulted in the second and subsequent children spawned
2971 by a shell begun to run a command substitution being placed into the
2972 wrong process group.
2974 zz. Fixed a bug that caused the results of successful tilde expansion to be
2975 subject to pathname expansion and word splitting.
2977 aaa. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to hang if it encountered an
2978 error that caused it to jump back to the top processing loop during a
2979 command substitution or `eval' command.
2981 bbb. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to use the tty's attributes
2982 instead of those of the file descriptor passed with the -u option when
2983 processing the -n and -d options.
2985 ccc. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect expansion of ${array[@]:foo} if the
2986 first character of $IFS was not whitespace.
2988 ddd. Fixed a bug that occurred when scanning for the ending delimiter of a
2989 ${parameter/pat/sub} expansion.
2991 eee. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to inappropriately expand command
2992 substitutions in words when expanding directory names for completion.
2994 fff. Fixed a bug that caused the `fc' builtin to look too far back in the
2995 history list under certain circumstances.
2997 ggg. Fixed a bug that caused a shell running in Posix mode to search $PWD for
2998 a file specified as an argument to source/. when the file was not found
3001 hhh. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to modify the case of a command word
3002 found via command completion when the shell was performing case-
3003 insensitive completion.
3005 iii. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to search $PATH for an argument to
3006 source/. even when it contained a `/'.
3008 jjj. Fixed a bug that caused brace expansion to misorder expansions when the
3009 locale did not have a collating order like aAbBcC...zZ.
3011 kkk. Fixed a bug that did not allow `set +o history' to have any effect when
3012 run in a startup file or from a sourced file.
3014 lll. Fixed a bug with the precedence of the ?: conditional arithmetic operator.
3016 mmm. Fixed a bug that caused side effects of temporary variable assignments
3017 to persist in the shell environment.
3019 nnn. Fixed a bug that caused the terminal to be left in non-canonical mode
3020 when using editing commands that invoke the an editor on the current
3023 ooo. Fixed a bug that caused globbing characters and characters in $IFS to not
3024 be quoted appropriately when displaying assignment statements.
3026 ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the `-e' option to be inherited when sourcing a
3027 file or evaluating a command with `eval' even if the return value of the
3028 command was supposed to be ignored.
3030 qqq. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to attempt to created variables with
3031 invalid names if such names appeared in the initial environment.
3033 rrr. Fixed a bug with quote removal in strings where the final character is a
3036 sss. Fixed a bug that caused the effects of special variables to persist even
3037 when the variables were unset as part of the shell reinitializing itself
3038 to execute a shell script.
3040 ttt. Fixed a bug that caused the history to not be saved after `history -c' or
3041 `history -d' was executed until a sufficient number of commands had been
3042 saved to the history.
3044 uuu. Bash now parses command substitutions according to Posix rules: parsing
3045 the command contained in $() to find the closing delimiter.
3047 vvv. Fixed a bug that caused traps on SIGCHLD set in a SIGCHLD handler to
3050 www. Fixed a bug that didn't allow SIGCHLD to interrupt the `wait' builtin
3053 xxx. Invalid numeric arguments to shell builtins no longer cause the shell to
3054 short-circuit any executing compound command.
3056 yyy. Fixed a bug that caused the exit status to be lost when `break' was
3057 used to short-circuit a loop's execution.
3059 zzz. Fixed a bug that caused stray ^? characters to be left in expansions of
3062 aaaa. Bash now prints better error messages for here documents terminated by
3063 EOF and for identifying the incorrect token in an invalid arithmetic
3066 bbbb. Fixed a bug in the variable length word expansion that caused it to
3067 incorrectly calculate the number of multibyte characters.
3069 cccc. Fixed a race condition that could result in the top-level shell setting
3070 the terminal's process group to an incorrect value if the process
3071 group was changed by a child of a child of the shell.
3073 dddd. Fixed a bug that caused here documents belonging to commands within a
3074 compound command to be displayed in a syntactially-incorrect form, which
3075 prevented them from being re-read as input.
3077 eeee. The shell displays more warnings about failures to set the locale.
3079 ffff. Fixed a bug that caused the body of a here-document to not be saved to
3082 gggg. Fixed a bug that caused configure to incorrectly conclude that FreeBSD
3083 had /dev/fd available, resulting in problems with process substitution.
3085 2. Changes to Readline
3087 a. Fixed a number of redisplay errors in environments supporting multibyte
3090 b. Fixed bugs in vi command mode that caused motion commands to inappropriately
3093 c. When using the arrow keys in vi insertion mode, readline allows movement
3094 beyond the current end of the line (unlike command mode).
3096 d. Fixed bugs that caused readline to loop when the terminal has been taken
3097 away and reads return -1/EIO.
3099 e. Fixed bugs in redisplay occurring when displaying prompts containing
3100 invisible characters.
3102 f. Fixed a bug that caused the completion append character to not be reset to
3103 the default after an application-specified completion function changed it.
3105 g. Fixed a problem that caused incorrect positioning of the cursor while in
3106 emacs editing mode when moving forward at the end of a line while using
3107 a locale supporting multibyte characters.
3109 h. Fixed an off-by-one error that caused readline to drop every 511th
3110 character of buffered input.
3112 i. Fixed a bug that resulted in SIGTERM not being caught or cleaned up.
3114 j. Fixed redisplay bugs caused by multiline prompts with invisible characters
3115 or no characters following the final newline.
3117 k. Fixed redisplay bug caused by prompts consisting solely of invisible
3120 l. Fixed a bug in the code that buffers characters received very quickly in
3121 succession which caused characters to be dropped.
3123 m. Fixed a bug that caused readline to reference uninitialized data structures
3124 if it received a SIGWINCH before completing initialzation.
3126 n. Fixed a bug that caused the vi-mode `last command' to be set incorrectly
3127 and therefore unrepeatable.
3129 o. Fixed a bug that caused readline to disable echoing when it was being used
3130 with an output file descriptor that was not a terminal.
3132 p. Readline now blocks SIGINT while manipulating internal data structures
3135 q. Fixed a bug in redisplay that caused readline to segfault when pasting a
3136 very long line (over 130,000 characters).
3138 r. Fixed bugs in redisplay when using prompts with no visible printing
3141 3. New Features in Bash
3143 a. When using substring expansion on the positional parameters, a starting
3144 index of 0 now causes $0 to be prefixed to the list.
3146 b. The `help' builtin now prints its columns with entries sorted vertically
3147 rather than horizontally.
3149 c. There is a new variable, $BASHPID, which always returns the process id of
3152 d. There is a new `autocd' option that, when enabled, causes bash to attempt
3153 to `cd' to a directory name that is supplied as the first word of a
3156 e. There is a new `checkjobs' option that causes the shell to check for and
3157 report any running or stopped jobs at exit.
3159 f. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_TYPE variable, set to
3160 a character describing the type of completion being attempted.
3162 g. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_KEY variable, set to
3163 the character that caused the completion to be invoked (e.g., TAB).
3165 h. If creation of a child process fails due to insufficient resources, bash
3166 will try again several times before reporting failure.
3168 i. The programmable completion code now uses the same set of characters as
3169 readline when breaking the command line into a list of words.
3171 j. The block multiplier for the ulimit -c and -f options is now 512 when in
3172 Posix mode, as Posix specifies.
3174 k. Changed the behavior of the read builtin to save any partial input received
3175 in the specified variable when the read builtin times out. This also
3176 results in variables specified as arguments to read to be set to the empty
3177 string when there is no input available. When the read builtin times out,
3178 it returns an exit status greater than 128.
3180 l. The shell now has the notion of a `compatibility level', controlled by
3181 new variables settable by `shopt'. Setting this variable currently
3182 restores the bash-3.1 behavior when processing quoted strings on the rhs
3183 of the `=~' operator to the `[[' command.
3185 m. The `ulimit' builtin now has new -b (socket buffer size) and -T (number
3186 of threads) options.
3188 n. The -p option to `declare' now displays all variable values and attributes
3189 (or function values and attributes if used with -f).
3191 o. There is a new `compopt' builtin that allows completion functions to modify
3192 completion options for existing completions or the completion currently
3195 p. The `read' builtin has a new -i option which inserts text into the reply
3196 buffer when using readline.
3198 q. A new `-E' option to the complete builtin allows control of the default
3199 behavior for completion on an empty line.
3201 r. There is now limited support for completing command name words containing
3202 globbing characters.
3204 s. Changed format of internal help documentation for all builtins to roughly
3205 follow man page format.
3207 t. The `help' builtin now has a new -d option, to display a short description,
3208 and a -m option, to print help information in a man page-like format.
3210 u. There is a new `mapfile' builtin to populate an array with lines from a
3213 v. If a command is not found, the shell attempts to execute a shell function
3214 named `command_not_found_handle', supplying the command words as the
3217 w. There is a new shell option: `globstar'. When enabled, the globbing code
3218 treats `**' specially -- it matches all directories (and files within
3219 them, when appropriate) recursively.
3221 x. There is a new shell option: `dirspell'. When enabled, the filename
3222 completion code performs spelling correction on directory names during
3225 y. The `-t' option to the `read' builtin now supports fractional timeout
3228 z. Brace expansion now allows zero-padding of expanded numeric values and
3229 will add the proper number of zeroes to make sure all values contain the
3230 same number of digits.
3232 aa. There is a new bash-specific bindable readline function: `dabbrev-expand'.
3233 It uses menu completion on a set of words taken from the history list.
3235 bb. The command assigned to a key sequence with `bind -x' now sets two new
3236 variables in the environment of the executed command: READLINE_LINE_BUFFER
3237 and READLINE_POINT. The command can change the current readline line
3238 and cursor position by modifying READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT,
3241 cc. There is a new &>> redirection operator, which appends the standard output
3242 and standard error to the named file.
3244 dd. The parser now understands `|&' as a synonym for `2>&1 |', which redirects
3245 the standard error for a command through a pipe.
3247 ee. The new `;&' case statement action list terminator causes execution to
3248 continue with the action associated with the next pattern in the
3249 statement rather than terminating the command.
3251 ff. The new `;;&' case statement action list terminator causes the shell to
3252 test the next set of patterns after completing execution of the current
3253 action, rather than terminating the command.
3255 gg. The shell understands a new variable: PROMPT_DIRTRIM. When set to an
3256 integer value greater than zero, prompt expansion of \w and \W will
3257 retain only that number of trailing pathname components and replace
3258 the intervening characters with `...'.
3260 hh. There are new case-modifying word expansions: uppercase (^[^]) and
3261 lowercase (,[,]). They can work on either the first character or
3262 array element, or globally. They accept an optional shell pattern
3263 that determines which characters to modify. There is an optionally-
3264 configured feature to include capitalization operators.
3266 ii. The shell provides associative array variables, with the appropriate
3267 support to create, delete, assign values to, and expand them.
3269 jj. The `declare' builtin now has new -l (convert value to lowercase upon
3270 assignment) and -u (convert value to uppercase upon assignment) options.
3271 There is an optionally-configurable -c option to capitalize a value at
3274 kk. There is a new `coproc' reserved word that specifies a coprocess: an
3275 asynchronous command run with two pipes connected to the creating shell.
3276 Coprocs can be named. The input and output file descriptors and the
3277 PID of the coprocess are available to the calling shell in variables
3278 with coproc-specific names.
3280 4. New Features in Readline
3282 a. A new variable, rl_sort_completion_matches; allows applications to inhibit
3283 match list sorting (but beware: some things don't work right if
3284 applications do this).
3286 b. A new variable, rl_completion_invoking_key; allows applications to discover
3287 the key that invoked rl_complete or rl_menu_complete.
3289 c. The functions rl_block_sigint and rl_release_sigint are now public and
3290 available to calling applications who want to protect critical sections
3293 d. The functions rl_save_state and rl_restore_state are now public and
3294 available to calling applications; documented rest of readline's state
3297 e. A new user-settable variable, `history-size', allows setting the maximum
3298 number of entries in the history list.
3300 f. There is a new implementation of menu completion, with several improvements
3301 over the old; the most notable improvement is a better `completions
3304 g. The menu completion code now uses the rl_menu_completion_entry_function
3305 variable, allowing applications to provide their own menu completion
3308 h. There is support for replacing a prefix of a pathname with a `...' when
3309 displaying possible completions. This is controllable by setting the
3310 `completion-prefix-display-length' variable. Matches with a common prefix
3311 longer than this value have the common prefix replaced with `...'.
3313 i. There is a new `revert-all-at-newline' variable. If enabled, readline will
3314 undo all outstanding changes to all history lines when `accept-line' is
3317 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3318 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-release,
3319 and the previous version, bash-3.2-beta.
3323 a. Fixed a bug that caused the temporary environment passed to a command to
3324 affect the shell's environment under certain circumstances.
3326 b. Fixed a bug in the printf builtin that caused the %q format specifier to
3327 ignore empty string arguments.
3329 c. Improved multibyte character environment detection at configuration time.
3331 d. Fixed a bug in the read builtin that left spurious escape characters in the
3332 input after processing backslashes when assigning to an array variable.
3334 2. Changes to Readline
3336 a. Fixed a redisplay bug that occurred in multibyte-capable locales when the
3337 prompt was one character longer than the screen width.
3338 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3339 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-beta,
3340 and the previous version, bash-3.2-alpha.
3344 a. Changed the lexical analyzer to treat locale-specific blank characters as
3347 b. Fixed a bug in command printing to avoid confusion between redirections and
3348 process substitution.
3350 c. Fixed problems with cross-compiling originating from inherited environment
3353 d. Added write error reporting to printf builtin.
3355 e. Fixed a bug in the variable expansion code that could cause a core dump in
3356 a multi-byte locale.
3358 f. Fixed a bug that caused substring expansion of a null string to return
3361 g. BASH_COMMAND now retains its previous value while executing commands as the
3362 result of a trap, as the documentation states.
3364 2. Changes to Readline
3366 a. Fixed a bug with prompt redisplay in a multi-byte locale to avoid redrawing
3367 the prompt and input line multiple times.
3369 b. Fixed history expansion to not be confused by here-string redirection.
3371 c. Readline no longer treats read errors by converting them to newlines, as
3372 it does with EOF. This caused partial lines to be returned from readline().
3374 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3375 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-alpha,
3376 and the previous version, bash-3.1-release.
3380 a. Fixed a source bug that caused the minimal configuration to not compile.
3382 b. Fixed memory leaks in error handling for the `read' builtin.
3384 c. Changed the [[ and (( compound commands to set PIPESTATUS with their exit
3387 d. Fixed some parsing problems with compound array assignments.
3389 e. Added additional configuration changes for: NetBSD (incomplete multibyte
3392 f. Fixed two bugs with local array variable creation when shadowing a variable
3393 of the same name from a previous context.
3395 g. Fixed the `read' builtin to restore the correct set of completion functions
3396 if a timeout occurs.
3398 h. Added code to defer the initialization of HISTSIZE (and its stifling of the
3399 history list) until the history file is loaded, allowing a startup file to
3400 override the default value.
3402 i. Tightened up the arithmetic expression parsing to produce better error
3403 messages when presented with invalid operators.
3405 j. Fixed the cross-compilation support to build the signal list at shell
3406 invocation rather than compile time if cross-compiling.
3408 k. Fixed multibyte support for non-gcc compilers (or compilers that do not
3409 allow automatic array variable sizing based on a non-constant value).
3411 l. Several fixes to the code that manages the list of terminated jobs and
3412 their exit statuses, and the list of active and recently-terminated jobs
3413 to avoid pid aliasing/wraparound and allocation errors.
3415 m. Fixed a problem that allowed scripts to die due to SIGINT while waiting
3416 for children, even when started in the background or otherwise ignoring
3419 n. Fixed a bug that caused shells invoked as -/bin/bash from not being
3420 recognized as login shells.
3422 o. Fixed a problem that caused shells in the background to give the terminal
3423 to a process group other than the foreground shell process group.
3425 p. Fixed a problem with extracting the `varname' in ${#varname}.
3427 q. Fixed the code that handles SIGQUIT to not exit immediately -- thereby
3428 calling functions that may not be called in a signal handler context --
3429 but set a flag and exit afterward (like SIGINT).
3431 r. Changed the brace expansion code to skip over braces that don't begin a
3432 valid matched brace expansion construct.
3434 s. Fixed `typeset' and `declare' to not require that their shell function
3435 operands to be valid shell identifiers.
3437 t. Changed `test' to use access(2) with a temporary uid/euid swap when testing
3438 file attributes and running setuid, and access(2) in most other cases.
3440 u. Changed completion code to not attempt command name completion on a line
3441 consisting solely of whitespace when no_empty_command_completion is set.
3443 v. The `hash' builtin now prints nothing in posix mode when the hash table is
3444 empty, and prints a message to that effect to stdout instead of stderr
3445 when not in posix mode.
3447 w. Fixed a bug in the extended pattern matching code that caused it to fail to
3448 match periods with certain patterns.
3450 x. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing filename
3451 generation in directories with thousands of files.
3453 y. Returned to the original Bourne shell rules for parsing ``: no recursive
3454 parsing of embedded quoted strings or ${...} constructs.
3456 z. The inheritence of the DEBUG, RETURN, and ERR traps is now dependent only
3457 on the settings of the `functrace' and `errtrace' shell options, rather
3458 than whether or not the shell is in debugging mode.
3460 aa. Fixed a problem with $HOME being converted to ~ in the expansion of
3461 members of the DIRSTACK array.
3463 bb. Fixed a problem with quoted arguments to arithmetic expansions in certain
3466 cc. The command word completion code now no longer returns matching directories
3467 while searching $PATH.
3469 dd. Fixed a bug with zero-padding and precision handling in snprintf()
3472 ee. Fixed a bug that caused the command substitution code not to take embedded
3473 shell comments into account.
3475 ff. Fixed a bug that caused $((...);(...)) to be misinterpreted as an
3476 arithmetic substitution.
3478 gg. Fixed a bug in the prompt expansion code that inappropriately added a
3479 \001 before a \002 under certain circumstances.
3481 hh. Fixed a bug that caused `unset LANG' to not properly reset the locale
3482 (previous versions would set the locale back to what it was when bash
3483 was started rather than the system's "native" locale).
3485 ii. Fixed a bug that could cause file descriptors > 10 to not be closed even
3486 when closed explicitly by a script.
3488 jj. Fixed a bug that caused single quotes to be stripped from ANSI-C quoting
3489 inside double-quoted command substitutions.
3491 kk. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when `return' was executed as the
3492 last element of a pipeline inside a shell function.
3494 ll. Fixed a bug that caused DEBUG trap strings to overwrite commands stored in
3497 2. Changes to Readline
3499 a. Fixed a problem that caused segmentation faults when using readline in
3500 callback mode and typing consecutive DEL characters on an empty line.
3502 b. Fixed several redisplay problems with multibyte characters, all having to
3503 do with the different code paths and variable meanings between single-byte
3504 and multibyte character redisplay.
3506 c. Fixed a problem with key sequence translation when presented with the
3509 d. Fixed a problem that prevented the `a' command in vi mode from being
3510 undone and redone properly.
3512 e. Fixed a problem that prevented empty inserts in vi mode from being undone
3515 f. Fixed a problem that caused readline to initialize with an incorrect idea
3516 of whether or not the terminal can autowrap.
3518 g. Fixed output of key bindings (like bash `bind -p') to honor the setting of
3519 convert-meta and use \e where appropriate.
3521 h. Changed the default filename completion function to call the filename
3522 dequoting function if the directory completion hook isn't set. This means
3523 that any directory completion hooks need to dequote the directory name,
3524 since application-specific hooks need to know how the word was quoted,
3525 even if no other changes are made.
3527 i. Fixed a bug with creating the prompt for a non-interactive search string
3528 when there are non-printing characters in the primary prompt.
3530 j. Fixed a bug that caused prompts with invisible characters to be redrawn
3531 multiple times in a multibyte locale.
3533 k. Fixed a bug that could cause the key sequence scanning code to return the
3536 l. Fixed a problem with the callback interface that caused it to fail when
3537 using multi-character keyboard macros.
3539 m. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when an edited history entry was
3540 re-executed under certain conditions.
3542 n. Fixed a bug that caused readline to reference freed memory when attmpting
3543 to display a portion of the prompt.
3545 3. New Features in Bash
3547 a. Changed the parameter pattern replacement functions to not anchor the
3548 pattern at the beginning of the string if doing global replacement - that
3549 combination doesn't make any sense.
3551 b. When running in `word expansion only' mode (--wordexp option), inhibit
3552 process substitution.
3554 c. Loadable builtins now work on MacOS X 10.[34].
3556 d. Shells running in posix mode no longer set $HOME, as POSIX requires.
3558 e. The code that checks for binary files being executed as shell scripts now
3559 checks only for NUL rather than any non-printing character.
3561 f. Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's =~ operator now forces
3562 string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators.
3564 4. New Features in Readline
3566 a. Calling applications can now set the keyboard timeout to 0, allowing
3569 b. The value of SYS_INPUTRC (configurable at compilation time) is now used as
3570 the default last-ditch startup file.
3572 c. The history file reading functions now allow windows-like \r\n line
3575 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3576 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-release,
3577 and the previous version, bash-3.1-rc2.
3579 1. Changes to Readline
3581 a. Several changes to the multibyte redisplay code to fix problems with
3582 prompts containing invisible characters.
3584 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3585 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-rc2,
3586 and the previous version, bash-3.1-rc1.
3590 a. Fixed a bug that caused a DEBUG trap to overwrite a command string that's
3591 eventually attached to a background job.
3593 b. Changed some code so that filenames with leading tildes with spaces in the
3594 name aren't tilde-expanded by the bash completion code.
3596 c. Fixed a bug that caused the pushd builtin to fail to change to
3597 directories with leading `-'.
3599 d. Fixed a small memory leak in the programmable completion code.
3601 2. Changes to Readline
3603 a. Fixed a redisplay bug caused by moving the cursor vertically to a line
3604 with invisible characters in the prompt in a multibyte locale.
3606 b. Fixed a bug that could cause the terminal special chars to be bound in the
3607 wrong keymap in vi mode.
3609 3. New Features in Bash
3611 a. If compiled for strict POSIX conformance, LINES and COLUMNS may now
3612 override the true terminal size.
3614 4. New Features in Readline
3616 a. A new external application-controllable variable that allows the LINES
3617 and COLUMNS environment variables to set the window size regardless of
3618 what the kernel returns.
3620 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3621 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-rc1,
3622 and the previous version, bash-3.1-beta1.
3626 a. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps due to accessing the current
3627 pipeline while in the middle of modifying it.
3629 b. Fixed a bug that caused pathnames with backslashes still quoting characters
3630 to be passed to opendir().
3632 c. Command word completion now obeys the setting of completion-ignore-case.
3634 d. Fixed a problem with redirection that caused file descriptors greater than
3635 2 to be inappropriately marked as close-on-exec.
3637 e. In Posix mode, after `wait' is called to wait for a particular process
3638 explicitly, that process is removed from the list of processes known to
3639 the shell, and subsequent attempts to wait for it return errors.
3641 f. Fixed a bug that caused extended pattern matching to incorrectly scan
3642 backslash-escaped pattern characters.
3644 g. Fixed a synchronization problem that could cause core dumps when handling
3647 h. Fixed a bug that caused an unmatched backquote to be accepted without an
3648 error when processing here documents.
3650 i. Fixed a small memory leak in the `cd' builtin.
3652 j. Fix for MacOS X so it gets the values for the HOSTTYPE, MACHTYPE, and
3653 OSTYPE variables at build time, to support universal binaries.
3655 k. Fixed a bug that could cause an exit trap to return the exit status of
3656 the trap command rather than the status as it was before the trap was
3657 run as the shell's exit status.
3659 2. New Features in Bash
3661 3. Changes to Readline
3663 a. Fixed a bug that caused reversing the incremental search direction to
3666 b. Fixed the vi-mode `U' command to only undo up to the first time insert mode
3667 was entered, as Posix specifies.
3669 c. Fixed a bug in the vi-mode `r' command that left the cursor in the wrong
3672 4. New Features in Readline
3674 a. New application-callable auxiliary function, rl_variable_value, returns
3675 a string corresponding to a readline variable's value.
3677 b. When parsing inputrc files and variable binding commands, the parser
3678 strips trailing whitespace from values assigned to boolean variables
3679 before checking them.
3682 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3683 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-beta1,
3684 and the previous version, bash-3.1-alpha1.
3688 a. Added some system-specific signal names.
3690 b. Fixed a typo in the ulimit builtin to make `x' the right option to
3691 maniuplate the limit on file locks.
3693 c. Fixed a problem with using += to append to index 0 of an array variable
3694 when not using subscript syntax.
3696 d. A few changes to configure.in to remove calls to obsolete or outdated
3699 e. Make sure changes to variables bash handles specially (e.g., LC_ALL) are
3700 made when the variable is set in the temporary environment to a command.
3702 f. Make sure changes to variables bash handles specially (e.g., LC_ALL) are
3703 made when the variable is modified using `printf -v'.
3705 g. The export environment is now remade on cygwin when HOME is changed, so
3706 DLLs bash is linked against pick up the new value. This fixes problems
3707 with tilde expansion when linking against and already-installed readline.
3709 h. Small fix to the logic for performing tilde expansion in posix mode, so
3710 expansion on the right-hand side of an assignment statement takes place.
3712 i. Fixed a bug that prevented redirections associated with a shell function
3713 from being executed when in a subshell.
3715 j. Fixed `source' and `.' builtins to not require an executable file when
3716 searching $PATH for a file to source.
3718 k. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect word splitting in a function when IFS
3719 was declared local, then unset.
3721 l. Fixed a problem with the `kill' builtin that prevented sending signals
3722 to a process group under certain circumstances when providing a pid < 0.
3724 m. When in POSIX mode, `pwd' now checks that the value it prints is the same
3725 directory as `.', even when displaying $PWD.
3727 n. Fixed a problem with the `read' builtin when reading a script from standard
3728 input and reading data from the same file.
3730 o. Fixed a problem with the `type' and `command' builtins that caused absolute
3731 pathnames to be displayed incorrectly.
3733 p. Some changes to the `bg' builtin for POSIX conformance.
3735 q. The `fc' builtin now removes the `fc' command that caused it to invoke an
3736 editor on specified history entries from the history entirely, rather than
3739 r. When in POSIX mode, the `v' command in vi editing mode simply invokes vi
3740 on the current command, rather than checking $FCEDIT and $EDITOR.
3742 s. Fixed a small memory leak in the pathname canonicalization code.
3744 t. Fixed a bug that caused the expanded value of a $'...' string to be
3745 incorrectly re-quoted if it occurred within a double-quoted ${...}
3746 parameter expansion.
3748 u. Restored default emacs-mode key binding of M-TAB to dynamic-complete-history.
3750 v. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when interrupting loops running builtins
3753 w. Make sure that some of the functions bash provides replacements for are
3756 x. The code that scans embedded commands for the parser (`...` and $(...)) is
3757 now more aware of embedded comments and their effect on quoted strings.
3759 y. Changed the `-n' option to the `history' builtin to not reset the number of
3760 history lines read in the current session after reading the new lines from
3761 the history file if the history is being appended when it is written to
3762 the file, since the appending takes care of the problem that the adjustment
3763 was intended to solve.
3765 z. Improved the error message displayed when a shell script fails to execute
3766 because the environment and size of command line arguments are too large.
3768 aa. A small fix to make sure that $HISTCMD is evaluated whenever the shell is
3769 saving commands to the history list, not just when HISTSIZE is defined.
3771 2. Changes to Readline
3773 a. The `change-case' command now correctly changes the case of multibyte
3776 b. Changes to the shared library construction scripts to deal with Windows
3777 DLL naming conventions for Cygwin.
3779 c. Fixed the redisplay code to avoid core dumps resulting from a poorly-timed
3782 d. Fixed the non-incremental search code in vi mode to dispose of any current
3783 undo list when copying a line from the history into the current editing
3786 e. The variable assignment code now ignores whitespace at the end of lines
3787 when assigning to boolean variables.
3789 f. The `C-w' binding in incremental search now understands multibyte
3792 3. New Features in Bash
3794 a. A new configuration option, `--enable-strict-posix-default', which will
3795 build bash to be POSIX conforming by default.
3797 4. New Features in Readline
3799 a. If the rl_completion_query_items is set to a value < 0, readline never
3800 asks the user whether or not to view the possible completions.
3802 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3803 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-alpha1,
3804 and the previous version, bash-3.0-release.
3808 a. Fixed a bug that caused bash to crash if referencing an unset local array.
3810 b. Fixed a problem that caused tilde expansion to not be performed before
3811 attempting globbing word completion.
3813 c. Fixed an incompatibility so that a first argument to trap that's a valid
3814 signal number will be trated as a signal rather than a command to execute.
3816 d. Fixed ${#word} expansion to correctly compute the length of a string
3817 containing multibyte characters.
3819 e. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not pass the correct flags for signal
3820 disposition to child processes.
3822 f. Fixed a bug that caused `fc -l' to list one too many history entries.
3824 g. Some fixes to `fc' for POSIX conformance.
3826 h. Some fixes to job status display for POSIX conformance.
3828 i. Fixed a bug that caused `command -v' to display output if a command was not
3829 found -- it should be silent.
3831 j. In POSIX mode, `type' and `command -[vV]' do not report non-executable
3832 files, even if the shell will attempt to execute them.
3834 k. Fixed a bug that caused the `==' operator to the [[ command to not attempt
3835 extended pattern matching.
3837 l. Fixed the brace expansion code to handle characters whose value exceeds 128.
3839 m. Fixed `printf' to handle strings with a leading `\0' whose length is
3842 n. Fixed a couple of problems with brace expansion where `${' was handled
3845 o. Fixed off-by-one error when calculating the upper bound of `offset' when
3846 processing the ${array[@]:offset:length} expansion.
3848 p. System-specific configuration changes for: FreeBSD 5.x, Interix, MacOS X
3849 10.4, Linux 2.4+ kernels, Linux 3.x kernels, Dragonfly BSD, QNX 6.x,
3852 q. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to ignore the status of the rightmost
3853 command in a pipeline when the `pipefail' option was enabled.
3855 r. Fixed a completion bug that caused core dumps when expanding a directory
3858 s. Fixed a bug that prevented `hash -d' from removing commands from the hash
3861 t. Fixed word splitting to avoid really bad quadratic performance when
3862 expanding long lists.
3864 u. Fixed a bug that caused negative offsets in substring expansion to use the
3867 v. Fixed a bug in printf that caused it to not return failure on write errors.
3869 w. Fixed a bug that caused commands in subshells to not be properly timed.
3871 x. The shell parser no longer attempts to parse a compound assignment specially
3872 unless in a position where an assignment statement is acceptable or parsing
3873 arguments to a builtin that accepts assignment statements.
3875 y. Fixed a problem that caused a `case' statement to be added to the history
3876 incorrectly as a single command if the `case word' was on one line and the
3879 z. Fixed a problem that caused internal shell quoting characters to be
3880 incorrectly quoted with backslashes under some circumstances.
3882 aa. The shell now performs correct word splitting when IFS contains multibyte
3885 bb. The mail checking code now resets the cached file information if the size
3886 drops to 0, even if the times don't change.
3888 cc. A completed command name that is found in $PATH as well as the name of a
3889 directory in the current directory no longer has a slash appended in certain
3890 circumstances: a single instance found in $PATH when `.' is not in $PATH,
3891 and multiple instances found in $PATH, even when `.' is in $PATH.
3893 dd. Incorporated tilde expansion into the word expansion code rather than as a
3894 separately-called function, fixing some cases where it was performed
3895 inappropriately (e.g., after the second `=' in an assignment statement or
3896 in a double-quoted parameter expansion).
3898 ee. Fixed several bugs encountered when parsing compound assignment statements,
3899 so that compound assignments appearing as arguments to builtins are no
3900 longer double-expanded.
3902 ff. Fixed a bug in the command execution code that caused asynchronous commands
3903 containing command substitutions to not put the terminal in the wrong
3906 gg. Bash now handles the case where the WCONTINUED flag causes waitpid() to
3907 return -1/EINVAL at runtime as well as configuration time.
3909 hh. Fixed parser to generate an error when the pipeline `argument' to `!' or
3912 ii. The shell now takes a little more care when manipulating file descriptors
3913 greater than 9 with the `exec' builtin.
3915 jj. Fixed a bug that caused variable assignments preceding the `command' builtin
3916 preceding a special builtin to be preserved after the command completed in
3919 kk. Fixed a bug that allowed variables beginning with a digit to be created.
3921 ll. Fixed a bug that caused a \<newline> to be removed when parsing a $'...'
3924 mm. A shell whose name begins with `-' will now be a restricted shell if the
3925 remainder of the name indicates it should be restricted.
3927 nn. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if FUNCNAME were changed or unset
3928 during a function's execution.
3930 oo. Fixed a bug that caused executing a `return' in a function to not execute
3931 a RETURN trap. The RETURN trap is inherited by shell functions only if
3932 function tracing is globally enabled or has been enabled for that function.
3934 pp. Fixed cases where var[@] was not handled exactly like var, when var is a
3937 qq. Fixed a bug that caused the first character after a SIGINT to be discarded
3938 under certain circumstances.
3940 rr. Fixed exit status code so that a suspended job returns 128+signal as its
3941 exit status (preventing commands after it in `&&' lists from being
3944 ss. Fixed a bug that caused the shell parser state to be changed by executing
3945 a shell function as a result of word completion.
3947 tt. Fixed a long-standing bug that caused '\177' characters in variable
3948 values to be discarded when expanded in double-quoted strings.
3950 uu. Fixed a bug that caused $RANDOM to be re-seeded multiple times in a
3951 subshell environment.
3953 vv. Extensive changes to the job management code to avoid the pid-reuse and
3954 pid-aliasing problems caused by retaining the exit status of too many jobs,
3955 but still retain as many background job statuses as POSIX requires.
3957 ww. Fixed a parser bug in processing \<newline> that caused things like
3962 to not work correctly.
3964 xx. `pwd -P' now sets $PWD to a directory name containing no symbolic links
3965 when in posix mode, as POSIX requires.
3967 yy. In posix mode, bash no longer sets $PWD to a name containing no symbolic
3968 links if a directory is chosen from $CDPATH.
3970 zz. The word splitting code now treats an IFS character that is not space,
3971 tab, or newline and any adjacent IFS white space as a single delimiter, as
3974 aaa. The `read' builtin now checks whether or not the number of fields read is
3975 exactly the same as the number of variables instead of just assigning the
3976 rest of the line (minus any trailing IFS white space) to the last
3977 variable. This is what POSIX/SUS/XPG all require.
3979 bbb. Fixed a bug that caused `read' to always check whether or not fd 0 was a
3980 pipe, even when reading from another file descriptor.
3982 ccc. Fixed a bug that caused short-circuiting of execution even if the return
3983 value was being inverted.
3985 ddd. Fixed a bug that caused a core dump while decoding \W escapes in PS1 if
3988 eee. Fixed a bug in `read' that counted internal quoting characters for the
3989 purposes of `read -n'.
3991 fff. Fixed a bug so that a function definition in a pipeline causes a child
3992 process to be forked at the right time.
3994 ggg. Bash will not attempt to link against a readline library that doesn't
3995 have rl_gnu_readline_p == 1.
3997 hhh. Fixed a bug that caused `read' to consume one too many characters when
3998 reading a fixed number of characters and the Nth character is a backslash.
4000 iii. Fixed a bug that caused `unset' on variables in the temporary environment
4001 to leave them set when `unset' completed.
4003 jjj. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close fd 2 if an `exec' failed and the
4006 kkk. The completion code is more careful to not turn `/' or `///' into `//',
4007 for those systems on which `//' has special meaning.
4009 lll. Fixed a bug that caused command substitution in asynchronous commands to
4010 close the wrong file descriptors.
4012 mmm. The shell no longer prints status messages about terminated background
4013 processes unless job control is active.
4015 nnn. Fixed a bug that prevented multiple consecutive invocations of `history -s'
4016 from adding all the commands to the history list.
4018 ooo. Added a couple of changes to make arithmetic expansion more consistent in
4019 all its contexts (still not perfect).
4021 ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the parser to occasionally not find the right
4022 terminating "`" in an old-style command substitution.
4024 qqq. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when the shell was reading its non-
4025 interactive input from fd 0 and fd 0 was duplicated and restored using a
4026 combination of `exec' (to save) and redirection (to restore).
4028 rrr. Fixed a problem that caused loops in sourced scripts to not be cleaned
4029 up properly when a `return' is executed.
4031 sss. Change internal command substitution completion function to append a slash
4032 to directory names in the command.
4034 2. Changes to Readline
4036 a. Fixed a bug that caused multiliine prompts to be wrapped and displayed
4039 b. Fixed a bug that caused ^P/^N in emacs mode to fail to display the current
4042 c. Fixed a problem in computing the number of invisible characters on the first
4043 line of a prompt whose length exceeds the screen width.
4045 d. Fixed vi-mode searching so that failure preserves the current line rather
4046 than the last line in the history list.
4048 e. Fixed the vi-mode `~' command (change-case) to have the correct behavior at
4049 end-of-line when manipulating multibyte characters.
4051 f. Fixed the vi-mode `r' command (change-char) to have the correct behavior at
4052 end-of-line when manipulating multibyte characters.
4054 g. Fixed multiple bugs in the redisplay of multibyte characters: displaying
4055 prompts longer than the screen width containing multibyte characters,
4057 h. Fix the calculation of the number of physical characters in the prompt
4058 string when it contains multibyte characters.
4060 i. A non-zero value for the `rl_complete_suppress_append' variable now causes
4061 no `/' to be appended to a directory name.
4063 j. Fixed forward-word and backward-word to work when words contained
4064 multibyte characters.
4066 k. Fixed a bug in finding the delimiter of a `?' substring when performing
4067 history expansion in a locale that supports multibyte characters.
4069 l. Fixed a memory leak caused by not freeing the timestamp in a history entry.
4071 m. Fixed a bug that caused "\M-x" style key bindings to not obey the setting
4072 of the `convert-meta' variable.
4074 n. Fixed saving and restoring primary prompt when prompting for incremental
4075 and non-incremental searches; search prompts now display multibyte
4076 characters correctly.
4078 o. Fixed a bug that caused keys originally bound to self-insert but shadowed
4079 by a multi-character key sequence to not be inserted.
4081 p. Fixed code so rl_prep_term_function and rl_deprep_term_function aren't
4082 dereferenced if NULL (matching the documentation).
4084 q. Extensive changes to readline to add enough state so that commands
4085 requiring additional characters (searches, multi-key sequences, numeric
4086 arguments, commands requiring an additional specifier character like
4087 vi-mode change-char, etc.) work without synchronously waiting for
4090 r. Lots of changes so readline builds and runs on MinGW.
4092 s. Readline no longer tries to modify the terminal settings when running in
4095 t. The Readline display code no longer sets the location of the last invisible
4096 character in the prompt if the \[\] sequence is empty.
4098 3. New Features in Bash
4100 a. Bash now understands LC_TIME as a special variable so that time display
4101 tracks the current locale.
4103 b. BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, BASH_SOURCE, and BASH_LINENO are no longer created
4104 as `invisible' variables and may not be unset.
4106 c. In POSIX mode, if `xpg_echo' option is enabled, the `echo' builtin doesn't
4107 try to interpret any options at all, as POSIX requires.
4109 d. The `bg' builtin now accepts multiple arguments, as POSIX seems to specify.
4111 e. Fixed vi-mode word completion and glob expansion to perform tilde
4114 f. The `**' mathematic exponentiation operator is now right-associative.
4116 g. The `ulimit' builtin has new options: -i (max number of pending signals),
4117 -q (max size of POSIX message queues), and -x (max number of file locks).
4119 h. A bare `%' once again expands to the current job when used as a job
4122 i. The `+=' assignment operator (append to the value of a string or array) is
4123 now supported for assignment statements and arguments to builtin commands
4124 that accept assignment statements.
4126 j. BASH_COMMAND now preserves its value when a DEBUG trap is executed.
4128 k. The `gnu_errfmt' option is enabled automatically if the shell is running
4129 in an emacs terminal window.
4131 l. New configuration option: --single-help-strings. Causes long help text
4132 to be written as a single string; intended to ease translation.
4134 m. The COMP_WORDBREAKS variable now causes the list of word break characters
4135 to be emptied when the variable is unset.
4137 n. An unquoted expansion of $* when $IFS is empty now causes the positional
4138 parameters to be concatenated if the expansion doesn't undergo word
4141 o. Bash now inherits $_ from the environment if it appears there at startup.
4143 p. New shell option: nocasematch. If non-zero, shell pattern matching ignores
4144 case when used by `case' and `[[' commands.
4146 q. The `printf' builtin takes a new option: -v var. That causes the output
4147 to be placed into var instead of on stdout.
4149 r. By default, the shell no longer reports processes dying from SIGPIPE.
4151 s. Bash now sets the extern variable `environ' to the export environment it
4152 creates, so C library functions that call getenv() (and can't use the
4153 shell-provided replacement) get current values of environment variables.
4155 4. New Features in Readline
4157 a. The key sequence sent by the keypad `delete' key is now automatically
4158 bound to delete-char.
4160 b. A negative argument to menu-complete now cycles backward through the
4163 c. A new bindable readline variable: bind-tty-special-chars. If non-zero,
4164 readline will bind the terminal special characters to their readline
4165 equivalents when it's called (on by default).
4167 d. New bindable command: vi-rubout. Saves deleted text for possible
4168 reinsertion, as with any vi-mode `text modification' command; `X' is bound
4169 to this in vi command mode.
4171 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4172 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-release,
4173 and the previous version, bash-3.0-rc1.
4177 a. Fixed a boundary overrun that could cause segmentation faults when the
4178 completion code hands an incomplete construct to the word expansion
4181 b. Changed posix mode behavior so that an error in a variable assignment
4182 preceding a special builtin causes a non-interactive shell to exit.
4184 c. Change the directory expansion portion of the completion code to not
4185 expand embedded command substitutions if the directory name appears in
4188 d. Fixed a problem that caused `bash -r' to turn on restrictions before
4189 reading the startup files.
4191 e. Fixed a problem with the default operation of the `umask' builtin.
4193 2. Changes to Readline
4195 a. Fixed a problem with readline saving the contents of the current line
4196 before beginning a non-interactive search.
4198 b. Fixed a problem with EOF detection when using rl_event_hook.
4200 c. Fixed a problem with the vi mode `p' and `P' commands ignoring numeric
4203 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4204 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-rc1,
4205 and the previous version, bash-3.0-beta1.
4209 a. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect behavior when referecing element 0 of
4210 an array using $array, element 0 was unset, and `set -u' was enabled.
4212 b. System-specific changes for: SCO Unix 3.2, Tandem.
4214 c. Fixed a bug that caused inappropriate word splitting when a variable was
4215 expanded within a double-quoted string that also included $@.
4217 d. Fixed a bug that caused `pwd' to not display anything in physical mode
4218 when the file system had changed underneath the shell.
4220 e. Fixed a bug in the pre- and post- increment and decrement parsing in the
4221 expression evaluator that caused errors when the operands and corresponding
4222 operators were separated by whitespace.
4224 f. Fixed a bug that caused `history -p' to add an entry to the history list,
4225 counter to the documentation. (Keeps the history expansions invoked by
4226 emacs-mode command line editing from doing that as well.)
4228 g. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if `cd' is asked to print out a
4229 pathname longer than PATH_MAX characters.
4231 h. Fixed a bug that caused jobs to be put into the wrong process group under
4232 some circumstances after enabling job control with `set -m'.
4234 i. `unalias' now returns failure if no alias name arguments are supplied.
4236 j. Documented the characters not allowed to appear in an alias name.
4238 k. $* is no longer expanded as if in double quotes when it appears in the
4239 body of a here document, as the SUS seems to require.
4241 l. The `bashbug' script now uses a directory in $TMPDIR for exclusive
4242 access rather than trying to guess how the underlying OS provides for
4243 secure temporary file creation.
4245 m. Fixed a few problems with `cd' and `pwd' when asked to operate on pathnames
4246 longer than PATH_MAX characters.
4248 n. Fixed a memory leak caused when creating multiple local array variables
4249 with identical names.
4251 o. Fixed a problem with calls to getcwd() so that bash now operates better
4252 when the full pathname to the current directory is longer than PATH_MAX
4255 p. The `trap' builtin now reports an error if a single non-signal argument
4258 q. Fixed a bug that caused `umask' to not work correctly when presented
4259 with a mask of all 0s.
4261 r. When `getopts' reaches the end of options, OPTARG is unset, as POSIX
4264 s. Interactive mode now depends on whether or not stdin and stderr are
4265 connected to a tty; formerly it was stdin and stdout. POSIX requires
4268 t. Fixed vi-mode completion to work more as POSIX specifies (e.g., doing the
4269 right kind of filename generation).
4271 2. Changes to Readline
4273 a. Fixed a problem that could cause readline to refer to freed memory when
4274 moving between history lines while doing searches.
4276 b. Improvements to the code that expands and displays prompt strings
4277 containing multibyte characters.
4279 c. Fixed a problem with vi-mode not correctly remembering the numeric argument
4280 to the last `c'hange command for later use with `.'.
4282 d. Fixed a bug in vi-mode that caused multi-digit count arguments to work
4285 e. Fixed a problem in vi-mode that caused the last text modification command
4286 to not be remembered across different command lines.
4288 f. Fixed problems with changing characters and changing case at the end of
4291 3. New Features in Bash
4293 a. The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation
4294 even if job control is not enabled.
4296 b. The historical behavior of `trap' that allows a missing `action' argument
4297 to cause each specified signal's handling to be reset to its default is
4298 now only supported when `trap' is given a single non-option argument.
4300 4. New Features in Readline
4302 a. When listing completions, directories have a `/' appended if the
4303 `mark-directories' option has been enabled.
4305 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4306 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-beta1,
4307 and the previous version, bash-3.0-alpha.
4311 a. Fixes to build correctly when arrays are not compiled into the shell.
4313 b. Fixed command substitution to run any exit trap defined in the command
4314 substitution before returning; the exit trap is not inherited from the
4317 c. Fixes to process group synchronization code so that every child process
4318 attempts to set the terminal's process group; fixes some synchronization
4319 problems on Linux kernels that schedule the child to always run before
4322 d. Fixed processing of octal and hex constants in printf builtin for POSIX.2
4325 e. Fixed a couple of core dumps in the pattern removal code.
4327 f. Fixes to the array subrange extraction code to deal better with sparse
4330 g. Parser errors and other errors that result in the shell exiting now cause
4331 the exit trap to be run.
4333 h. Change the command substitution completion functions to not append any
4334 closing quote, because it would be inserted a closing "`" or ")".
4336 i. Fix history initialization so assignments to $histchars made in startup
4339 j. If an exit trap does not contain a call to `exit', the shell now uses
4340 the exit status of the last command executed before the trap as the exit
4341 status of the shell.
4343 k. The parser now prompts with $PS2 if it reads a newline while parsing a
4344 compound array assignment statement.
4346 l. When performing a compound array assignment, the parser doesn't treat
4347 words of the form [index]=value as assignments if they're the result of
4350 m. Fixed a bug that caused `return' executed in a trap command to make the
4351 shell think it was still running the trap.
4353 n. Fixed the value of errno set by the pathname canonicalization functions.
4355 o. Changed the grammar so that `time' alone on a line times a null command
4356 rather than being a syntax error.
4358 p. The pattern substitution code no longer performs quote removal on the
4359 pattern before trying to match it, as the pattern removal functions do.
4361 q. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when checking whether a quoted
4362 command name was being completed.
4364 r. Fixes to the pattern removal and pattern replacement expansions to deal
4365 with multibyte characters better (and faster).
4367 s. Fix to the substring expansion (${param:off[:len]}) to deal with (possibly
4368 multibyte) characters instead of raw bytes.
4370 t. Fixed a bug that caused some key bindings set in an inputrc to be ignored
4373 u. Fixed a bug that caused unsetting a local variable within a function to
4376 v. Fixed a bug that caused invalid variables to be created when using
4379 w. Fixed a bug that caused "$@" to expand incorrectly when used as the right
4380 hand side of a parameter expansion such as ${word:="$@"} if the first
4381 character of $IFS was not a space.
4383 x. Fixed a slight cosmetic problem when printing commands containing a
4384 `>&word' redirection.
4386 y. Fixed a problem that could cause here documents to not be created correctly
4387 if the system temporary directory did not allow writing.
4389 2. Changes to Readline
4391 a. Change to history expansion functions to treat `^' as equivalent to word
4392 one, as the documention states.
4394 b. Some changes to the display code to improve display and redisplay of
4395 multibyte characters.
4397 c. Changes to speed up the multibyte character redisplay code.
4399 d. Fixed a bug in the vi-mode `E' command that caused it to skip over the
4400 last character of a word if invoked while point was on the word's
4401 next-to-last character.
4403 e. Fixed a bug that could cause incorrect filename quoting when
4404 case-insensitive completion was enabled and the word being completed
4405 contained backslashes quoting word break characters.
4407 f. Fixed a bug in redisplay triggered when the prompt string contains
4408 invisible characters.
4410 g. Fixed some display (and other) bugs encountered in multibyte locales
4411 when a non-ascii character was the last character on a line.
4413 h. Fixed some display bugs caused by multibyte characters in prompt strings.
4415 i. Fixed a problem with history expansion caused by non-whitespace characters
4416 used as history word delimiters.
4418 3. New Features in Bash
4420 a. printf builtin understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?.
4422 b. `echo -e' understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?.
4424 c. The GNU `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated; the shell's
4425 messages can be translated into different languages.
4427 d. The `\W' prompt expansion now abbreviates $HOME as `~', like `\w'.
4429 e. The error message printed when bash cannot open a shell script supplied
4430 as argument 1 now includes the name of the shell, to better identify
4431 the error as coming from bash.
4433 4. New Features in Readline
4435 a. New application variable, rl_completion_quote_character, set to any
4436 quote character readline finds before it calls the application completion
4439 b. New application variable, rl_completion_suppress_quote, settable by an
4440 application completion function. If set to non-zero, readline does not
4441 attempt to append a closing quote to a completed word.
4443 c. New application variable, rl_completion_found_quote, set to a non-zero
4444 value if readline determines that the word to be completed is quoted.
4445 Set before readline calls any application completion function.
4447 d. New function hook, rl_completion_word_break_hook, called when readline
4448 needs to break a line into words when completion is attempted. Allows
4449 the word break characters to vary based on position in the line.
4451 e. New bindable command: unix-filename-rubout. Does the same thing as
4452 unix-word-rubout, but adds `/' to the set of word delimiters.
4454 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4455 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-alpha,
4456 and the previous version, bash-2.05b-release.
4460 a. Fixes so that the shell will compile without some of the default options
4463 b. Fixed an error message that did not pass enough arguments to printf.
4465 c. Fixed a bug that caused input redirection to a builtin inside a script
4466 being read from standard input to result in the rest of the already-
4467 read and buffered script to be discarded.
4469 d. Fixed a bug that caused subshell initialization to close the file
4470 descriptor from which the shell was reading a script under certain
4473 e. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not advance a string pointer over
4474 a null wide character when doing string operations.
4476 f. Fixed the internal logout code so that shells that time out waiting for
4477 input (using $TMOUT) run ~/.bash_logout.
4479 g. Portability and configuration changes for: cygwin, HP/UX, GNU/FreeBSD.
4481 h. The parser no longer adds implicit double quotes to ((...)) arithmetic
4484 i. The ((...)) arithmetic command evaluation code was fixed to not dump core
4485 when the expanded string is null.
4487 j. The ((...)) arithmetic command evaluation code was fixed to not perform
4488 variable assignments while expanding the expression.
4490 k. Fixed a bug that caused word splitting to be performed incorrectly when
4491 IFS is set, but null.
4493 l. Fixed a bug in brace expansion that caused a quoted `$' preceding an
4494 open brace to inhibit brace expansion.
4496 m. Fixed a bug that caused a leading `-' in the shell's name to cause it to
4497 not be recognized as a restricted shell.
4499 n. Fixed a bug in the arithmetic evaluation code that could cause longjmps
4500 to an invalid location and result in a core dump.
4502 o. Fixed a bug in the calculation of how many history lines are new in a
4503 single shell session when reading new history lines from a file with
4506 p. Fixed a bug in pathname canonicalization that caused the shell to dump
4507 core when presented with a pathname longer than PATH_MAX.
4509 q. Fixed the parser so that it doesn't try to compare a char variable to
4510 EOF, which fails when chars are unsigned.
4512 r. Fixed a bug in the simple command execution code that caused occasional
4515 s. The shell does a better job of saving any partial parsing state during
4516 operations which cause a command to be executed while a line is being
4519 t. The completion code now splits words more like the expansion code when
4520 $IFS is used to split.
4522 u. The locale code does a better job of recomputing the various locale
4523 variable values when LC_ALL is unset.
4525 v. The programmable completion code does a better job of dequoting expanded
4526 word lists before comparing them against the word to be matched.
4528 w. The shell no longer seg faults if the expanded value of $PS4 is null
4529 and `set -x' is enabled.
4531 x. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when a here string expanded to NULL.
4533 y. The mail checking code now makes sure the mailbox is bigger before
4534 reporting the existence of new mail.
4536 z. The parser does not try to expand $'...' and $"..." when the appear
4537 within double quotes unless the `extquote' option has been enabled with
4538 `shopt'. For backwards compatibility, it is enabled by default.
4540 aa. Fixed a bug that caused `for x; do ...' and `select x; do ... to use
4541 $@ instead of "$@" for the implicit list of arguments.
4543 bb. Fixed a bug that caused a subshell of a restricted shell (e.g., one
4544 spawned to execute a pipeline) to not exit immediately if attempting
4545 to use a command containing a slash.
4547 cc. Fixed a problem with empty replacements for a pattern that doesn't match
4548 when performing ${param/word/} expansion.
4550 dd. Word expansions performed while expanding redirections no longer search
4551 a command's temporary environment to expand variable values.
4553 ee. Improvements to the alias expansion code when expanding subsequent words
4554 because an aliase's value ends with a space.
4556 ff. `cd -' now prints the current working directory after a successful chdir
4557 even when the shell is not interactive, as the standard requires.
4559 gg. The shell does a better job of ensuring a child process dies of SIGINT
4560 before resending SIGINT to itself.
4562 hh. The arithmetic expansion variable assignment code now does the right
4563 thing when assigning to `special' variables like OPTIND.
4565 ii. When history expansion verification is enabled, the bash readline helper
4566 functions that do history expansion on the current line don't print
4569 jj. Fixed bugs with multiple consecutive alias expansion when one of the
4570 expansions ends with a space.
4572 kk. Fixed a problem in the programmable completion code that could cause core
4573 dumps when trying to initialize a set of possible completions from a
4576 ll. The \[ and \] escape characters are now ignored when decoding the prompt
4577 string if the shell is started with editing disabled.
4579 mm. Fixed a bug that could leave extra characters in a string when doing
4580 quoted null character removal.
4582 nn. Command substitution and other subshell operations no longer reset the
4583 line number (aids the bash debugger).
4585 oo. Better line number management when executing simple commands, conditional
4586 commands, for commands, and select commands.
4588 pp. The globbing code now uses malloc, with its better failure properties,
4589 rather than alloca().
4591 qq. Fixed a bug that caused expansions like #{a[2]:=value} to create the
4592 appropriate array element instead of a variable named `a[2]'.
4594 rr. Fixed a bug in the handling of a `?(...)' pattern immediately following
4595 a `*' when extglob is enabled.
4597 ss. Fixed a bug that caused a `return' invoked in an exit trap when exit is
4598 invoked in a function to misbehave.
4600 tt. Fixed a bug that caused CTLESC and CTLNUL characters to not be escaped
4601 by the internal shell string quoting functions.
4603 uu. Fixed a bug that caused quoted null characters in an expanded word list
4604 to be inappropriately assigned to an array variable when using `read -a'.
4606 vv. Fixed a bug that caused redirections accompanying a null command to persist
4607 in the current shell.
4609 ww. Fixed a bug that caused the prompt to be printed when the shell was
4610 expanding a multiline alias.
4612 xx. Fixed a bug that resulted in core dumps when the completion for a command
4613 changed the compspec.
4615 yy. Fixed a bug that caused evaluation of programmable completions to print
4616 notifications of completed jobs.
4618 zz. Bash now disables line editing when $EMACS == `t' and $TERM == `dumb'
4619 (which is what emacs shell windows do).
4621 aaa. In posix mode, `kill -l' causes signal names to be displayed without
4624 bbb. Clear error flag on standard output so it doesn't persist across multiple
4627 ccc. In posix mode, `alias' displays alias values without the leading `alias',
4628 so the output cannot be used as subsequent input.
4630 ddd. In posix mode, the `trap' builtin doesn't check whether or not its
4631 first argument is a signal specification and revert the signal handling
4632 to its original disposition if it is.
4634 eee. Fixed several bugs in the handling of "$*" and "${array[*]}" by the
4635 pattern substitution and removal expansions.
4637 fff. Fixed several problems with the handling of ${array[@]}, ${array[*]},
4638 $@, and $* by the indirect variable expansion code.
4640 ggg. Fixed a bug that did not allow `time' to be aliased.
4642 hhh. Improved the mail checking code so it won't check (and possibly cause an
4643 NFS file system mount) until MAILPATH or MAIL is given a value -- there
4644 is no default if DEFAULT_MAIL_DIRECTORY is not defined at compile time.
4645 (It is computed by configure, but can be #undef'd in config-bot.h.)
4647 iii. If the `chkwinsize' option is enabled, the shell checks for window size
4648 changes if a child process exits due to a signal.
4650 jjj. Removed the attempts to avoid adding a slash at the end of a completed
4651 executable name if there was a directory with the same name in the
4654 kkk. Fixed PATH lookup code so it treats the permission bits separately for
4655 owner, group, and other, rather than checking them all.
4657 lll. Fixed the locale code to reset the parser's idea of the character class
4658 <blank>, which controls how it splits tokens, when the locale changes.
4660 mmm. The shell now binds its special readline functions and key bindings only
4661 if the user's inputrc file has not already bound them.
4663 nnn. The shell now reports on processes that dump core due to signals when
4664 invoked as `-c command'.
4666 2. Changes to Readline
4668 a. Fixes to avoid core dumps because of null pointer references in the
4669 multibyte character code.
4671 b. Fix to avoid infinite recursion caused by certain key combinations.
4673 c. Fixed a bug that caused the vi-mode `last command' to be set incorrectly.
4675 d. Readline no longer tries to read ahead more than one line of input, even
4676 when more is available.
4678 e. Fixed the code that adjusts the point to not mishandle null wide
4681 f. Fixed a bug in the history expansion `g' modifier that caused it to skip
4684 g. Fixed a bug that caused the prompt to overwrite previous output when the
4685 output doesn't contain a newline and the locale supports multibyte
4686 characters. This same change fixes the problem of readline redisplay
4687 slowing down dramatically as the line gets longer in multibyte locales.
4689 h. History traversal with arrow keys in vi insertion mode causes the cursor
4690 to be placed at the end of the new line, like in emacs mode.
4692 i. The locale initialization code does a better job of using the right
4693 precedence and defaulting when checking the appropriate environment
4696 j. Fixed the history word tokenizer to handle <( and >( better when used as
4699 k. The overwrite mode code received several bug fixes to improve undo.
4701 l. Many speedups to the multibyte character redisplay code.
4703 m. The callback character reading interface should not hang waiting to read
4706 n. Fixed a bug with redoing vi-mode `s' command.
4708 o. The code that initializes the terminal tracks changes made to the terminal
4709 special characters with stty(1) (or equivalent), so that these changes
4710 are reflected in the readline bindings. New application-callable function
4711 to make it work: rl_tty_unset_default_bindings().
4713 p. Fixed a bug that could cause garbage to be inserted in the buffer when
4714 changing character case in vi mode when using a multibyte locale.
4716 q. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code that caused problems on systems
4717 supporting multibyte characters when moving between history lines when the
4718 new line has more glyphs but fewer bytes.
4720 r. Undo and redo now work better after exiting vi insertion mode.
4722 s. Make sure system calls are restarted after a SIGWINCH is received using
4725 t. Improvements to the code that displays possible completions when using
4726 multibyte characters.
4728 u. Fixed a problem when parsing nested if statements in inputrc files.
4730 v. The completer now takes multibyte characters into account when looking for
4731 quoted substrings on which to perform completion.
4733 w. The history search functions now perform better bounds checking on the
4736 3. New Features in Bash
4738 a. ANSI string expansion now implements the \x{hexdigits} escape.
4740 b. There is a new loadable `strftime' builtin.
4742 c. New variable, COMP_WORDBREAKS, which controls the readline completer's
4743 idea of word break characters.
4745 d. The `type' builtin no longer reports on aliases unless alias expansion
4746 will actually be performed.
4748 e. HISTCONTROL is now a colon-separated list of values, which permits
4749 more extensibility and backwards compatibility.
4751 f. HISTCONTROL may now include the `erasedups' option, which causes all lines
4752 matching a line being added to be removed from the history list.
4754 g. `configure' has a new `--enable-multibyte' argument that permits multibyte
4755 character support to be disabled even on systems that support it.
4757 h. New variables to support the bash debugger: BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV,
4758 BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO, BASH_SUBSHELL, BASH_EXECUTION_STRING,
4761 i. FUNCNAME has been changed to support the debugger: it's now an array
4764 j. for, case, select, arithmetic commands now keep line number information
4767 k. There is a new `RETURN' trap executed when a function or sourced script
4768 returns (not inherited child processes; inherited by command substitution
4769 if function tracing is enabled and the debugger is active).
4771 l. New invocation option: --debugger. Enables debugging and turns on new
4772 `extdebug' shell option.
4774 m. New `functrace' and `errtrace' options to `set -o' cause DEBUG and ERR
4775 traps, respectively, to be inherited by shell functions. Equivalent to
4776 `set -T' and `set -E' respectively. The `functrace' option also controls
4777 whether or not the DEBUG trap is inherited by sourced scripts.
4779 n. The DEBUG trap is run before binding the variable and running the action
4780 list in a `for' command, binding the selection variable and running the
4781 query in a `select' command, and before attempting a match in a `case'
4784 o. New `--enable-debugger' option to `configure' to compile in the debugger
4787 p. `declare -F' now prints out extra line number and source file information
4788 if the `extdebug' option is set.
4790 q. If `extdebug' is enabled, a non-zero return value from a DEBUG trap causes
4791 the next command to be skipped, and a return value of 2 while in a
4792 function or sourced script forces a `return'.
4794 r. New `caller' builtin to provide a call stack for the bash debugger.
4796 s. The DEBUG trap is run just before the first command in a function body is
4797 executed, for the debugger.
4799 t. `for', `select', and `case' command heads are printed when `set -x' is
4802 u. There is a new {x..y} brace expansion, which is shorthand for {x.x+1,
4803 x+2,...,y}. x and y can be integers or single characters; the sequence
4804 may ascend or descend; the increment is always 1.
4806 v. New ksh93-like ${!array[@]} expansion, expands to all the keys (indices)
4809 w. New `force_fignore' shopt option; if enabled, suffixes specified by
4810 FIGNORE cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even
4811 if they're the only possibilities.
4813 x. New `gnu_errfmt' shopt option; if enabled, error messages follow the `gnu
4814 style' (filename:lineno:message) format.
4816 y. New `-o bashdefault' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes the
4817 whole set of bash completions to be performed if the compspec doesn't
4820 z. New `-o plusdirs' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes directory
4821 name completion to be performed and the results added to the rest of the
4822 possible completions.
4824 aa. `kill' is available as a builtin even when the shell is built without
4827 bb. New HISTTIMEFORMAT variable; value is a format string to pass to
4828 strftime(3). If set and not null, the `history' builtin prints out
4829 timestamp information according to the specified format when displaying
4830 history entries. If set, bash tells the history library to write out
4831 timestamp information when the history file is written.
4833 cc. The [[ ... ]] command has a new binary `=~' operator that performs
4834 extended regular expression (egrep-like) matching.
4836 dd. `configure' has a new `--enable-cond-regexp' option (enabled by default)
4837 to enable the =~ operator and regexp matching in [[ ... ]].
4839 ee. Subexpressions matched by the =~ operator are placed in the new
4840 BASH_REMATCH array variable.
4842 ff. New `failglob' option that causes an expansion error when pathname
4843 expansion fails to produce a match.
4845 gg. New `set -o pipefail' option that causes a pipeline to return a failure
4846 status if any of the processes in the pipeline fail, not just the last
4849 4. New Features in Readline
4851 a. History expansion has a new `a' modifier equivalent to the `g' modifier
4852 for compatibility with the BSD csh.
4854 b. History expansion has a new `G' modifier equivalent to the BSD csh `g'
4855 modifier, which performs a substitution once per word.
4857 c. All non-incremental search operations may now undo the operation of
4858 replacing the current line with the history line.
4860 d. The text inserted by an `a' command in vi mode can be reinserted with
4863 e. New bindable variable, `show-all-if-unmodified'. If set, the readline
4864 completer will list possible completions immediately if there is more
4865 than one completion and partial completion cannot be performed.
4867 f. There is a new application-callable `free_history_entry()' function.
4869 g. History list entries now contain timestamp information; the history file
4870 functions know how to read and write timestamp information associated
4873 h. Four new key binding functions have been added:
4875 rl_bind_key_if_unbound()
4876 rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map()
4877 rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound()
4878 rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map()
4880 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4881 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-release,
4882 and the previous version, bash-2.05b-beta2.
4886 a. Fixed an off-by-one error in the function that translates job
4889 b. Note that we're running under Emacs and disable line editing if
4892 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4893 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-beta2,
4894 and the previous version, bash-2.05b-beta1.
4898 a. Fixed the /= and %= arithmetic operators to catch division by zero.
4900 b. Added putenv, setenv, unsetenv to getenv replacement for completeness.
4902 c. Fixed a bug that could cause the -O expand_aliases invocation option
4905 d. Fixed a problem with process substitution that resulted in incorrect
4906 behavior when the number of process substitutions in an individual
4907 command approached 64.
4909 2. Changes to Readline
4911 a. Fixed a problem with backward-char-search when on a system with support
4912 for multibyte characters when running in a locale without any multibyte
4915 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4916 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-beta1,
4917 and the previous version, bash-2.05b-alpha1.
4921 a. Fixed a problem when parsing a POSIX.2 character class name while
4922 evaluating a bracket expression containing multibyte characters.
4924 b. Changed the help text for `bind' to make it clear that any command
4925 that may be placed in ~/.inputrc is a valid argument to `bind'.
4927 c. Added `help' builtin entries for `((', `[[', and arithmetic for.
4929 d. malloc updated again:
4930 o slightly better overflow and underflow detection by putting the
4931 chunk size at the beginning and end of the chunk and making
4932 sure they match in free/realloc
4933 o partial page allocated to make things page-aligned no longer
4935 o block coalescing now enabled by default
4936 o splitting and coalescing enabled for 32-byte chunks, the most
4937 common size requested
4938 o fixed a problem that resulted in spurious underflow messages and
4940 o bin sizes are precomputed and stored in an array rather than
4941 being computed at run time
4942 o malloc will return memory blocks back to the system if the block
4943 being freed is at the top of the heap and of sufficient size to
4945 o malloc/free/realloc now inline memset instead of calling the
4946 libc function; uses Duff's device for good performance
4948 e. Check for getservent(); make the service name completion code dependent
4951 f. Changed the readline callback that executes a command bound to a key
4952 sequence to not save the executed command on the history list and to
4953 save and restore the parsing state.
4955 g. Changes to lib/sh/snprintf.c: fixed some bugs in the `g' and `G'
4956 floating point format display; implemented the "'" flag character
4957 that turns on thousands' grouping; fixed behavior on systems where
4958 MB_CUR_MAX does not evaluate to a constant.
4960 h. The `unset' builtin no longer returns a failure status when asked to
4961 unset a previously-unset variable or function.
4963 i. Changes to the build system to make it easier to cross-compile bash
4964 for different systems.
4966 j. Added `,' to the characters that are backslash-escaped during filename
4967 completion, to avoid problems with complete-into-braces and RCS filenames
4970 k. Some changes to the multibyte character support code to avoid many calls
4973 l. Bash now correctly honors setting LANG to some value when LC_ALL does not
4974 already have a value.
4976 m. Fixed a bug that could cause SIGSEGV when processing nested traps with
4979 n. The `source/.' builtin now restores the positional parameters when it
4980 returns unless they were changed using the `set' builtin during the file's
4983 o. Fixed a bug that caused a syntax error when a command was terminated by
4986 2. New Features in Bash
4988 a. There is now support for placing the long help text into separate files
4989 installed into ${datadir}/bash. Not enabled by default; can be turned
4990 on with `--enable-separate-helpfiles' option to configure.
4992 b. All builtins that take operands accept a `--' pseudo-option, except
4995 c. The `echo' builtin now accepts \0xxx (zero to three octal digits following
4996 the `0') in addition to \xxx (one to three octal digits) for SUSv3/XPG6/
4997 POSIX.1-2001 compliance.
4999 3. Changes to Readline
5001 a. Fixed a small problem in _rl_insert_char with multibyte characters.
5003 b. Fixes from IBM for line wrapping problems when using multibyte characters.
5005 c. Fixed a problem which caused the display to be messed up when the last
5006 line of a multi-line prompt (possibly containing invisible characters)
5007 was longer than the screen width.
5009 d. Fixed a problem with the vi-mode `r' command that ocurred on systems with
5010 support for multibyte characters when running in a locale without any
5011 multibyte characters.
5013 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5014 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-alpha1,
5015 and the previous version, bash-2.05a-release.
5019 a. Some changes to work around inlining differences between compilers.
5021 b. Added more prototypes for internal shell typedefs, to catch argument
5022 passing errors when using pointers to functions.
5024 c. The `cd' builtin now fails in posix mode when a valid directory cannot be
5025 constructed from a relative pathname argument and the $PWD using pathname
5026 canonicalization, and the -P option has not been supplied. Previously,
5027 the shell would attempt to use what the user typed, leading to weird
5028 values for $PWD and discrepancies between the value of $PWD and the
5029 actual working directory.
5031 d. The `cd' builtin now resets $PWD when canonicalization fails but a chdir
5032 to the pathname passed as an argument succeeds (when not in posix mode).
5034 e. The `fc' builtin has been fixed, as POSIX requires, to use the closest
5035 history position in range when given an out-of-range argument.
5037 f. The history file loading code was changed to allow lines to be saved in
5038 the history list from the shell startup files.
5040 g. `history -s args' now works better in compound commands.
5042 h. The tilde expansion code was fixed to better recognize when it's being
5043 invoked in an assignment context, which enables expansion after `='
5046 i. Fixed the command name completion code so a slash is no longer appended
5047 to a single match if there happens to be a directory with that name in
5050 j. Fixed compound array assignment to no longer perform alias expansion, to
5051 allow reserved words as array members, and to not produce extra output
5052 when the `-v' option had been enabled.
5054 k. Fixed the programmable completion code to better handle newlines in lists
5055 of possible completions (e.g., `complete -W').
5057 l. Removed the reserved words from the `bash-builtins' manual page.
5059 m. Parser error reporting now attempts to do a better job of identifying the
5060 token in error rather than doing straight textual analysis.
5062 n. Fixes for Inf/NaN, locales, wide/multibyte characters and zero-length
5063 arguments in the library snprintf(3) replacement.
5065 o. `read -e' no longer does command name completion on the first word on
5066 the line being read.
5068 p. `select' now returns failure if the read of the user's selection fails.
5070 q. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when setting $PIPESTATUS.
5072 r. Fixes to not allocate so many job slots when the shell is running a loop
5073 with job control enabled in a subshell of an interactive shell.
5075 s. Fixed a bug in the trap code that caused traps to be inherited by
5076 command substitutions in some cases.
5078 t. Fixed a bug that could cause alias expansion to inappropriately expand
5079 the word following the alias.
5081 u. Fixed a bug in the `kill' builtin that mishandled negative pid arguments.
5083 v. The parser is less lenient when parsing assignment statements where the
5084 characters before the `=' don't comprise a valid identifier.
5086 w. The arithmetic expression evaluation code now honors the setting of the
5087 `-u' option when expanding variable names.
5089 x. Fixed the arithmetic evaluation code to allow array subscripts to be
5090 assigned (`let b[7]=42') and auto-incremented and auto-decremented
5093 y. Reimplemented the existing prompt string date and time expansions using
5094 strftime(3), which changed the output of \@ in some locales.
5096 z. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when a special shell variable
5097 (like RANDOM) was converted to an array with a variable assignment.
5099 aa. Fixed a bug that would reset the handler for a signal the user had
5100 trapped to a function that would exit the shell when setting the exit
5101 trap in a non-interactive shell.
5103 bb. Changed the execve(2) wrapper code to check whether or not a failing
5104 command is a directory before looking at whether a `#!' interpreter
5105 failed for some reason.
5107 cc. Fixed a bug in the command printing code so it no longer inserts a `;'
5108 after a newline, which produces a syntax error when reused as input.
5110 dd. The code that expands $PS4 no longer inherits the `-x' flag.
5112 ee. The bash-specific completion functions may now take advantage of the
5113 double-TAB and M-? features of the standard readline completion
5116 ff. The mail checking code no longer prints a message if the checked file's
5117 size has not increased, even if the access time is less than the modification time.
5119 gg. Rewrote the variable symbol table code: there is now a stack of
5120 contexts, each possibly including a separate symbol table; there can
5121 be more than one temporary environment supplied to nested invocations
5122 of `./source'; the temporary environments no longer require so much
5123 special-case code; shell functions now handle the temporary environment
5124 and local variables more consistently; function scope exit is faster now
5125 that the entire symbol table does not have to be traversed to dispose of
5126 local variables; it is now easier to push vars from the temporary
5127 environment to the shell's variable table in posix mode; some duplicated
5128 code has been removed.
5130 hh. Regularized the error message printing code; builtin_error is now called
5131 more consistently, and common error message strings are handled by small
5132 functions. This should make eventual message translation easier.
5134 ii. Error messages now include the line number in a script when the shell
5137 jj. Array subscript expansion now takes place even when the array variable is
5138 unset, so side effects will take place.
5140 kk. Fixed a bug in the SICGHLD child-reaping code so that it won't find
5141 jobs already marked as terminated if the OS reuses pids quickly enough.
5143 ll. Fixed a bug that could cause a signal to not interrupt the `wait'
5144 builtin while it was waiting for a background process to terminate.
5146 mm. A couple of changes to make it easier for multiple shells to share history
5147 files using `history -n', `history -r', and `history -w'.
5149 nn. The `getopts' builtin always increments OPTIND to point to the next
5150 option to be handled when an option is returned, whether it's valid
5151 or not, as POSIX 1003.x-2001 requires.
5153 oo. Changed some parts of the expansion code to avoid allocating and
5154 immediately freeing memory without using the results for anything.
5156 pp. The shell now keeps track of $IFS internally, updating its internal map
5157 each time the variable is assigned a new value (or at local scope exit).
5158 This saves thousands of hash lookups for IFS, which, while individually
5161 qq. Rewrote the hash table code: searching and insertion are much faster now,
5162 and it uses a better string hashing function; augmented the function
5163 interface to simplify other parts of the code and remove duplicated code
5165 rr. The shell now uses a simple, generic `object cache' for allocating and
5166 caching words and word lists, which were the major users of
5169 ss. Fixed the assignment statement parsing code to allow whitespace and
5170 newlines in subscripts when performing array element assignment.
5172 tt. The shell now issues many fewer calls to sigprocmask and other signal
5173 masking system calls.
5175 uu. Fixed the `test' and conditional command file comparison operators to
5176 work right when one file has a non-positive timestamp and the other
5179 vv. Fixed some cases where the special characters '\001' and '\177' in the
5180 values of variables or positional parameters caused incorrect expansion
5183 2. Changes to Readline
5185 a. Fixed output of comment-begin character when listing variable values.
5187 b. Added some default key bindings for common escape sequences produced by
5190 c. Fixed the mark handling code to be more emacs-compatible.
5192 d. A bug was fixed in the code that prints possible completions to keep it
5193 from printing empty strings in certain circumstances.
5195 e. Change the key sequence printing code to print ESC as M\- if ESC is a
5196 meta-prefix character -- it's easier for users to understand than \e.
5198 f. Fixed unstifle_history() to return values that match the documentation.
5200 g. Fixed the event loop (rl_event_hook) to handle the case where the input
5201 file descriptor is invalidated.
5203 h. Fixed the prompt display code to work better when the application has a
5204 custom redisplay function.
5206 i. Changes to make reading and writing the history file a little faster, and
5207 to cope with huge history files without calling abort(3) from xmalloc.
5209 j. The vi-mode `S' and `s' commands are now undone correctly.
5211 3. New Features in Bash
5213 a. If set, TMOUT is the default timeout for the `read' builtin.
5215 b. `type' has two new options: `-f' suppresses shell function lookup, and
5216 `-P' forces a $PATH search.
5218 c. New code to handle multibyte characters.
5220 d. `select' was changed to be more ksh-compatible, in that the menu is
5221 reprinted each time through the loop only if REPLY is set to NULL.
5222 The previous behavior is available as a compile-time option.
5224 e. `complete -d' and `complete -o dirnames' now force a slash to be
5225 appended to names which are symlinks to directories.
5227 f. There is now a bindable edit-and-execute-command readline command,
5228 like the vi-mode `v' command, bound to C-xC-e in emacs mode.
5230 g. Added support for ksh93-like [:word:] character class in pattern matching.
5232 h. The $'...' quoting construct now expands \cX to Control-X.
5234 i. A new \D{...} prompt expansion; passes the `...' to strftime and inserts
5235 the result into the expanded prompt.
5237 j. The shell now performs arithmetic in the largest integer size the
5238 machine supports (intmax_t), instead of long.
5240 k. If a numeric argument is supplied to one of the bash globbing completion
5241 functions, a `*' is appended to the word before expansion is attempted.
5243 l. The bash globbing completion functions now allow completions to be listed
5244 with double tabs or if `show-all-if-ambiguous' is set.
5246 m. New `-o nospace' option for `complete' and `compgen' builtins; suppresses
5247 readline's appending a space to the completed word.
5249 n. New `here-string' redirection operator: <<< word.
5251 o. When displaying variables, function attributes and definitions are shown
5252 separately, allowing them to be re-used as input (attempting to re-use
5253 the old output would result in syntax errors).
5255 p. There is a new configuration option `--enable-mem-scramble', controls
5256 bash malloc behavior of writing garbage characters into memory at
5257 allocation and free time.
5259 q. The `complete' and `compgen' builtins now have a new `-s/-A service'
5260 option to complete on names from /etc/services.
5262 r. `read' has a new `-u fd' option to read from a specified file descriptor.
5264 s. Fix the completion code so that expansion errors in a directory name
5265 don't cause a longjmp back to the command loop.
5267 t. Fixed word completion inside command substitution to work a little more
5270 u. The `printf' %q format specifier now uses $'...' quoting to print the
5271 argument if it contains non-printing characters.
5273 v. The `declare' and `typeset' builtins have a new `-t' option. When applied
5274 to functions, it causes the DEBUG trap to be inherited by the named
5275 function. Currently has no effect on variables.
5277 w. The DEBUG trap is now run *before* simple commands, ((...)) commands,
5278 [[...]] conditional commands, and for ((...)) loops.
5280 x. The expansion of $LINENO inside a shell function is only relative to the
5281 function start if the shell is interactive -- if the shell is running a
5282 script, $LINENO expands to the line number in the script. This is as
5283 POSIX-2001 requires.
5285 y. The bash debugger in examples/bashdb has been modified to work with the
5286 new DEBUG trap semantics, the command set has been made more gdb-like,
5287 and the changes to $LINENO make debugging functions work better. Code
5290 z. New [n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections from ksh93 -- move fds (dup
5293 aa. There is a new `-l' invocation option, equivalent to `--login'.
5295 bb. The `hash' builtin has a new `-l' option to list contents in a reusable
5296 format, and a `-d' option to remove a name from the hash table.
5298 4. New Features in Readline
5300 a. Support for key `subsequences': allows, e.g., ESC and ESC-a to both
5301 be bound to readline functions. Now the arrow keys may be used in vi
5304 b. When listing completions, and the number of lines displayed is more than
5305 the screen length, readline uses an internal pager to display the results.
5306 This is controlled by the `page-completions' variable (default on).
5308 c. New code to handle editing and displaying multibyte characters.
5310 d. The behavior introduced in bash-2.05a of deciding whether or not to
5311 append a slash to a completed name that is a symlink to a directory has
5312 been made optional, controlled by the `mark-symlinked-directories'
5313 variable (default is the 2.05a behavior).
5315 e. The `insert-comment' command now acts as a toggle if given a numeric
5316 argument: if the first characters on the line don't specify a
5317 comment, insert one; if they do, delete the comment text
5319 f. New application-settable completion variable:
5320 rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs, allows an application's completion
5321 function to temporarily override the user's preference for appending
5322 slashes to names which are symlinks to directories.
5324 g. New function available to application completion functions:
5325 rl_completion_mode, to tell how the completion function was invoked
5326 and decide which argument to supply to rl_complete_internal (to list
5329 h. Readline now has an overwrite mode, toggled by the `overwrite-mode'
5330 bindable command, which could be bound to `Insert'.
5332 i. New application-settable completion variable:
5333 rl_completion_suppress_append, inhibits appending of
5334 rl_completion_append_character to completed words.
5336 j. New key bindings when reading an incremental search string: ^W yanks
5337 the currently-matched word out of the current line into the search
5338 string; ^Y yanks the rest of the current line into the search string,
5339 DEL or ^H deletes characters from the search string.
5341 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5342 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-release,
5343 and the previous version, bash-2.05a-rc1.
5347 a. Fixed the `printf' builtin so that the variable name supplied as an
5348 argument to a %n conversion must be a valid shell identifier.
5350 b. Improved the random number generator slightly.
5352 c. Changes to configuration to not put -I/usr/include into $CFLAGS, since
5353 it messes up some includes.
5355 d. Corrected description of POSIXLY_CORRECT in man page and info manual.
5357 e. Fixed a couple of cases of incorrect function prototypes that sneaked
5358 through and caused compilation problems.
5360 f. A few changes to avoid potential core dumps in the programmable completion
5363 g. Fixed a configure problem that could cause a non-existent file to show
5366 h. Fixed a configure problem that could cause siglist.o to not be built when
5369 i. Changes to the strtoimax and strtoumax replacement functions to work
5370 around buggy compilers.
5372 j. Fixed a problem with the snprintf replacement function that could
5373 potentially cause a core dump.
5375 2. Changes to Readline
5377 a. Fixed a locale-specific problem in the vi-mode `goto mark' command.
5379 b. Fixed Makefile to not put -I/usr/include into CFLAGS, since it can cause
5380 include file problems.
5382 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5383 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-rc1,
5384 and the previous version, bash-2.05a-beta1.
5388 a. Fixed the snprintf replacement to correctly implement the `alternate form'
5389 of the %g and %G conversions.
5391 b. Fixed snprintf to correctly handle the optional precision with the %g and
5394 c. Fixed the arithmetic evaluation code to correct the values of `@' and `_'
5395 when translating base-64 constants (they were backwards).
5397 d. New library functions for formatting long and long long ints.
5399 e. Fixed a few places where negative array subscripts could have occurred,
5400 mostly as the result of systems using signed characters.
5402 f. Fixed a few places that assumed a pid_t was no wider than an int.
5404 g. Fixed the `maildir' mail checking code to work on systems where a
5405 `struct stat' doesn't include an `st_blocks' member.
5407 h. Fixed snprintf to make `unsigned long long' conversion formats (%llu)
5410 i. Fixed snprintf to not print a sign when asked to do an unsigned conversion.
5412 j. Made configure changes to avoid compiling empty source files in lib/sh.
5414 k. New replacement functions (if necessary) for strtoull, strtoll, strtoimax,
5417 l. The `printf' builtin now handles the `ll' and `j' length modifiers
5418 directly, since they can affect the type and width of the argument
5419 passed to printf(3).
5421 m. Renamed a number of the bash-specific autoconf macros in aclocal.m4 to
5422 have more sytematic naming, with accompanying changes to configure.in.
5424 n. Fixed snprintf to handle long doubles and the %a/%A conversions by
5425 falling back to sprintf, as long as sprintf supports them.
5427 o. Fixed return value from vsnprintf/snprintf to be the number of characters
5428 that would have been printed, even if that number exceeds the buffer
5429 size passed as an argument.
5431 p. Bash no longer attempts to define its own versions of some ctype macros
5432 if they are implemented as functions in libc but not as macros in
5435 q. Changed the variable printing code (used by `set', `export', etc.) to
5436 not use the $'...' syntax when in posix mode, since that caused
5437 interoperability problems with other shells (most notably with autoconf).
5438 When not in posix mode, it uses $'...' if the string to be printed
5439 contains non-printing characters and regular single quotes otherwise.
5441 r. snprintf now recognizes the %F conversion.
5443 s. Fixed a bug that could cause the wrong status to be returned by a shell
5444 function when the shell is compiled without job control and a null
5445 command containing a command substutition was executed in the function.
5447 t. When in posix mode, the default value for MAILCHECK is 600.
5449 u. Bash only initializes FUNCNAME, GROUPS, and DIRSTACK as special variables
5450 if they're not in the initial environment.
5452 v. If SECONDS appears in the initial environment with a valid integer value,
5453 bash uses that as the starting value, as if an assignment had been
5456 w. Bash no longer auto-exports HOME, PATH, SHELL, or TERM, even though it
5457 gives them default values if they don't appear in the initial environment.
5459 x. Bash no longer auto-exports HOSTNAME, HOSTTYPE, MACHTYPE, or OSTYPE,
5460 even if it assigns them default values.
5462 y. Bash no longer removes the export attribute from SSH_CLIENT or SSH2_CLIENT
5463 if they appear in the initial environment.
5465 z. Bash no longer attempts to discover if it's being run by sshd in order to
5466 run the startup files. If the SSH_SOURCE_BASHRC is uncommented in
5467 config-top.h it will attempt to do so as previously, but that's commented
5468 out in the distributed version.
5470 aa. Fixed a typo in the code that tests for LC_NUMERIC.
5472 bb. The POSIXLY_CORRECT shell variable and its effects are now documented.
5474 cc. Some changes to several of the support shell scripts included in the
5475 definitions to try to avoid race conditions and attacks.
5477 dd. Several changes to avoid warnings from `gcc -Wall'.
5479 ee. Fixed a problem with the `unset' builtin that could cause incorrect
5480 results if asked to unset a variable and an array subscript in the
5483 ff. A few changes to the shell's temporary file creation code to avoid
5484 potential file descriptor leaks and to prefer the system's idea of
5485 the temporary directory to use.
5487 gg. Fixes to build with the C alloca in lib/malloc/alloca.c if the system
5488 requires it but the shell has been configured --without-bash-malloc.
5490 hh. Updated the documentation to note that only interactive shells resend
5491 SIGHUP to all jobs before exiting.
5493 ii. Fixes to only pass unquoted tilde words to tilde_expand, rather than
5494 rely on tilde_expand or getpwnam(3) to handle the quotes (MacOS 10.x
5495 will remove backslashes in any login name passed to getpwnam(3)).
5497 jj. Small change from Paul Eggert to make LINENO right in commands run with
5500 2. New Features in Bash
5502 a. The `printf' builtin now handles the %a and %A conversions if they're
5503 implemented by printf(3).
5505 b. The `printf' builtin now handles the %F conversion (just about like %f).
5507 c. The `printf' builtin now handles the %n conversion like printf(3). The
5508 corresponding argument is the name of a shell variable to which the
5511 3. Changes to Readline
5513 a. Fixed a few places where negative array subscripts could have occurred.
5515 b. Fixed the vi-mode code to use a better method to determine the bounds of
5516 the array used to hold the marks.
5518 c. Fixed the defines in chardefs.h to work better when chars are signed.
5520 d. Fixed configure.in to use the new names for bash autoconf macros.
5522 e. Readline no longer attempts to define its own versions of some ctype
5523 macros if they are implemented as functions in libc but not as macros in
5526 f. Fixed a problem where rl_backward could possibly set point to before
5527 the beginning of the line.
5529 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5530 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-beta1,
5531 and the previous version, bash-2.05a-alpha1.
5535 a. Fixed a bug in the evalution of arithmetic `for' statements when the
5536 expanded expression is NULL.
5538 b. Fixed an unassigned variable problem in the redirection printing code.
5540 c. Added more prototypes to extern function declarations in the header
5541 files and to static function declarations in C source files.
5543 d. Make sure called functions have a prototype in scope, to get the arguments
5544 and return values right instead of casting. Removed extern function
5545 declarations from C source files that were already included in header
5548 e. Changed some function arguments to use function typedefs in general.h so
5549 the prototypes can be checked. The only use of Function and VFunction
5550 now is for unwind-protects.
5552 f. More const changes to function arguments and appropriate variables.
5554 g. Changed the mail checking support to handle `maildir'-style mail
5557 h. Augmented the bash malloc to pass in the file and line number information
5558 for each malloc, realloc, and free. This should result in better error
5561 i. The `old' gnu malloc is no longer a configuration option.
5563 j. Augmented the bash malloc with optional tracing and registering allocated
5566 k. Prompt string decoding now saves and restores the value of $? when it
5567 expands the prompt string, so command substitutions don't change $?.
5569 i. Array indices are now `long', since shell arithmetic is performed as long,
5570 and the internal arrayind_t type is used consistently.
5572 j. Some more `unsigned char *' fixes from Paul Eggert.
5574 k. Fixed a bad call to builtin_error that could cause core dumps when making
5577 l. `return' may no longer be used to terminate a `select' command, for
5578 compatibility with ksh.
5580 m. Changed code that reads octal numbers to do a better job of detecting
5583 n. The time formatting code no longer uses absolute indices into a buffer,
5584 because the buffer size changes depending on the size of a `time_t'.
5586 o. `umask' now prints four digits when printing in octal mode, for
5587 compatibility with other shells.
5589 p. Lots of changes to the `printf' builtin from Paul Eggert: it handles `L'
5590 formats and long doubles better, and internal functions have been
5591 simpified where appropriate.
5593 q. Some `time_t' fixes for machines were a time_t is bigger than a long.
5595 r. Replaced some bash-specific autoconf macros with standard equivalents.
5597 s. Improvmed the code that constructs temporary filenames to make the
5598 generated names a bit more random.
5600 t. Added code that checks for ascii before calling any of the is* ctype
5603 u. Changed some places where a `char' was used as an array subscript to use
5604 `unsigned char', since a `char' can be negative if it's signed by default.
5606 v. Lots of changes to the `ulimit' builtin from Paul Eggert to add support
5607 for the new POSIX-200x RLIM_SAVED_CUR and RLIM_SAVED_MAX values and
5610 w. `ulimit' now prints the description of a resource in any error message
5611 relating to fetching or setting that resource's limits.
5613 x. The `snprintf' replacement now computes maximum values at compile
5614 time rather than using huge constants for things like long long.
5616 y. Interactive shells now ignore `set -n'.
5618 z. Changed the malloc bookkeeping information so that it's now 8 bytes
5619 instead of 12 on most 32-bit machines (saving 4 bytes per allocation),
5620 restoring 8-byte alignment.
5622 aa. The malloc error reporting code now attempts to print the file and line
5623 number of the call that caused the error.
5625 bb. Changed the redirection error reporting code to catch EBADF errors and
5626 report the file descriptor number rather than the file being redirected
5627 to or from (e.g., things like `exec 4242<x' where 4242 is an out-of-range
5630 cc. `printf', `echo -e', and the $'...' code now process only two hex digits
5631 after a `\x' escape sequence for compatibility with other shells, and
5632 the documentation was changed to note that the octal and hex escape
5633 sequences result in an eight-bit value rather than strict ASCII.
5635 2. Changes to Readline
5637 a. The completion code now attempts to do a better job of preserving the
5638 case of the word the user typed if ignoring case in completions.
5640 b. Readline defaults to not echoing the input and lets the terminal
5641 initialization code enable echoing if there is a controlling terminal.
5643 c. The key binding code now processes only two hex digits after a `\x'
5644 escape sequence, and the documentation was changed to note that the
5645 octal and hex escape sequences result in an eight-bit value rather
5648 3. New Features in Bash
5650 a. The builtin `ulimit' now takes two new non-numeric arguments: `hard',
5651 meaning the current hard limit, and `soft', meaning the current soft
5652 limit, in addition to `unlimited'
5654 b. `ulimit' now prints the option letter associated with a particular
5655 resource when printing more than one limit.
5657 c. `ulimit' prints `hard' or `soft' when a value is not `unlimited' but is
5658 one of RLIM_SAVED_MAX or RLIM_SAVED_CUR, respectively.
5660 4. New Features in Readline
5662 a. New bindable variable `history-preserve-point'. If set, the history
5663 code attempts to place the user at the same location on each history
5664 line retrived with previous-history or next-history.
5666 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5667 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-alpha1,
5668 and the previous version, bash-2.05-release.
5672 a. Better checks in the redirection code for write errors.
5674 b. bashbug now uses $TMPDIR, defaulting to /tmp, and uses mktemp(1) more
5677 c. System-specific configuration changes for: Interix, OpenBSD, FreeBSD,
5680 d. Some more `const' cleanups through the code.
5682 e. Fixed a typo in the /dev/fd redirection code, better checks for valid
5683 numeric fds in /dev/fd.
5685 f. Fixed many parts of the shell to handle integer overflow more gracefully
5686 and to do more stringent checks for valid numbers.
5688 g. Fixed mksignames to include config.h.
5690 h. Fixed an uninitialized variable problem that could cause the shell to core
5691 dump when replacing characters in a string.
5693 i. New mechanism for updating the patch level when official patches are
5694 released (patchlevel.h).
5696 j. configure.in changed to no longer require external files _distribution and
5699 k. Fixed non-interactive shell initialization problem when bash started as
5702 l. Fixed printf builtin conversion error handling to be POSIX.2-conformant.
5704 m. autoconf-2.52 is now used to build configure; autoconf-2.50 or newer is
5705 required. Some of the bash-specific macros were removed, since they are
5708 n. Startup files and files read with source or `.' are no longer required to
5711 o. Fixed core dump in builtin printf when user-supplied precision or field
5714 p. Fixed builtin printf to treat a negative field width as a positive field
5715 width with left-justification.
5717 r. New unwind-protect implementation from Paul Eggert.
5719 s. Fixed an inadvertently-unclosed comment in the bash completion code that
5720 caused programmable completions to not add trailing slashes or spaces to
5723 t. Fixed the process substitution code to cope better when stdin is closed.
5725 v. Fixes, mostly from Paul Eggert, for a few possible buffer overflows in
5728 w. Fixes from Paul Eggert to avoid most of the type casts in the shell code,
5729 and use more appropriate types for a number of variables.
5731 x. Command substition no longer inherits the DEBUG trap.
5733 y. Some fixes to the process substition code on machines without /dev/fd so
5734 that named pipes are not removed inappropriately.
5736 z. The loadable `getconf' builtin is now much more complete, and will become
5737 part of the shell in the future.
5739 aa. The select command no longer terminates on a `return', so it can be used
5740 to return from an enclosing function (as ksh does it).
5742 bb. Fixed the extended pattern matching code to behave better when presented
5743 with incorrectly-formed patterns.
5745 cc. Some changes were made with the intent of making cross-compilation easier.
5747 dd. The network code (/dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections) uses getaddrinfo(3)
5748 if it's available, which adds support for IPv6.
5750 ee. Subshells of login shells no longer source ~/.bash_logout when they exit.
5752 ff. Fixes so that subshells don't exit inappropriately if the -e option has
5755 gg. Restricted shells no longer allow functions to be exported.
5757 hh. Changes to the pattern matching code so extended pattern matching works
5758 on systems with deficient shared library implementations, like MacOS X.
5760 ii. Better error messages when a script with a leading `#!interp' fails
5761 to execute because of problems with `interp'.
5763 jj. Fixed `compgen' to handle the `-o default' option better.
5765 kk. Fixed the job control code to force an asynchronous process's standard
5766 input to /dev/null only if job control is not active.
5768 ll. Fixed a possible infinite recursion problem when `fc ""=abc' (a null
5769 pattern) is used to re-execute a previous command.
5771 mm. Fixed `declare [-a] var=value' to assign VALUE to element 0 if VAR is an
5772 array variable. Similarly for `declare [-a] var[N]=value'. This is like
5775 nn. Fixed a bug that caused `read -a aname' to work even if ANAME had been
5778 oo. Fixed a possible integer overflow problem when constructing names for
5781 2. New Features in Bash
5783 a. Added support for DESTDIR installation root prefix, so you can do a
5784 `make install DESTDIR=bash-root' and do easier binary packaging.
5786 b. Added support for builtin printf "'" flag character as per latest POSIX
5789 c. Support for POSIX.2 printf(1) length specifiers `j', `t', and `z' (from
5792 d. New autoconf macro, RL_LIB_READLINE_VERSION, for use by other applications
5793 (bash doesn't use very much of what it returns).
5795 e. `set [-+]o nolog' is recognized as required by the latest POSIX drafts,
5798 f. New read-only `shopt' option: login_shell. Set to non-zero value if the
5799 shell is a login shell.
5801 g. New `\A' prompt string escape sequence; expands to time in 24 HH:MM format.
5803 h. New `-A group/-g' option to complete and compgen; does group name
5806 i. New `-t' option to `hash' to list hash values for each filename argument.
5808 j. New [-+]O invocation option to set and unset `shopt' options at startup.
5810 k. configure's `--with-installed-readline' option now takes an optional
5811 `=PATH' suffix to set the root of the tree where readline is installed
5814 l. The ksh-like `ERR' trap has been added. The `ERR' trap will be run
5815 whenever the shell would have exited if the -e option were enabled.
5816 It is not inherited by shell functions.
5818 m. `readonly', `export', and `declare' now print variables which have been
5819 given attributes but not set by assigning a value as just a command and
5820 a variable name (like `export foo') when listing, as the latest POSIX
5823 n. `bashbug' now requires that the subject be changed from the default.
5825 o. configure has a new `--enable-largefile' option, like other GNU utilities.
5827 p. `for' loops now allow empty word lists after `in', like the latest POSIX
5830 3. Changes to Readline
5832 a. More `const' and type casting fixes.
5834 b. Changed rl_message() to use vsnprintf(3) (if available) to fix buffer
5837 c. The completion code no longer appends a `/' or ` ' to a match when
5838 completing a symbolic link that resolves to a directory name, unless
5839 the match does not add anything to the word being completed. This
5840 means that a tab will complete the word up to the full name, but not
5841 add anything, and a subsequent tab will add a slash.
5843 d. Fixed a trivial typo that made the vi-mode `dT' command not work.
5845 e. Fixed the tty code so that ^S and ^Q can be inserted with rl_quoted_insert.
5847 f. Fixed the tty code so that ^V works more than once.
5849 g. Changed the use of __P((...)) for function prototypes to PARAMS((...))
5850 because the use of __P in typedefs conflicted g++ and glibc.
5852 4. New Features in Readline
5854 a. Added extern declaration for rl_get_termcap to readline.h, making it a
5855 public function (it was always there, just not in readline.h).
5857 b. New #defines in readline.h: RL_READLINE_VERSION, currently 0x0402,
5858 RL_VERSION_MAJOR, currently 4, and RL_VERSION_MINOR, currently 2.
5860 c. New readline variable: rl_readline_version, mirrors RL_READLINE_VERSION.
5862 d. New bindable boolean readline variable: match-hidden-files. Controls
5863 completion of files beginning with a `.' (on Unix). Enabled by default.
5865 e. The history expansion code now allows any character to terminate a
5866 `:first-' modifier, like csh.
5868 f. The incremental search code remembers the last search string and uses
5869 it if ^R^R is typed without a search string.
5871 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5872 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-release,
5873 and the previous version, bash-2.05-beta2.
5877 a. Make sure we note that the first line of a multi-line command was not
5878 saved in the history if the tests for HISTCONTROL succeed, but the
5879 HISTIGNORE check fails.
5881 b. Fixed a bug in the pattern matching code that caused `[' to be treated
5882 as a special character inside a `[...]' bracket expression.
5884 c. Fixed a bug in the pattern matching code that caused `]' to terminate
5885 a bracket expression even if it was the first character after the `['
5886 (or a leading `!' or `^').
5888 d. Made a small change to report a more user-friendly error message if
5889 execve(2) fails because of an error with the interpreter in a script
5890 with a leading `#! interpreter'.
5892 e. If the OS does not support an exec(2) magic number of `#!', make sure we
5893 have a non-null interpreter name before attempting to execute it.
5895 f. Fixed a bug that caused the shell process to end up in a different
5896 process group than the controlling terminal if a job-control shell was
5897 run with `exec' in the startup files.
5899 g. When started in POSIX mode, either by `bash --posix', `bash -o posix', or
5900 `sh', $SHELLOPTS includes `posix' and POSIXLY_CORRECT is set.
5902 h. Fixed a problem that caused the `\W' prompt string escape sequence to
5903 expand to nothing when $PWD was `//'.
5905 i. The `bashbug' shell script no longer uses $(...) command substitution.
5907 j. When `set' is invoked without options in POSIX mode, it no longer prints
5908 the names and definitions of shell functions.
5910 2. Changes to Readline
5912 a. rl_set_paren_blink_timeout() is now documented.
5914 b. Corrected history.3 man page: `$' is not in the default value of
5915 history_word_delimiters.
5917 c. If a hook function assigned to rl_event_hook sets rl_done to a non-zero
5918 value, rl_read_key() now immediately returns '\n' (which is assumed to
5919 be bound to accept-line).
5921 3. New Features in Bash
5923 a. The `>&word' redirection now works in POSIX mode as it does by default,
5924 since POSIX.2 leaves it unspecified.
5926 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5927 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-beta2,
5928 and the previous version, bash-2.05-beta1.
5932 a. Fixed a bug in the arithmetic evaluation code so that a^=b is supported.
5934 b. Fixed startup so posixly_correct is retained across subshells begun to
5935 execute scripts without a leading `#!'.
5937 c. Fixed a bug that caused $(< file) to not work in a (...) subshell.
5939 d. Added config support for Linux running on the IBM S390.
5941 e. Fixed a bug that caused bash to get its input pointer out of sync when
5942 reading commands through a pipe and running a command with standard
5943 input redirected from a file.
5945 f. Made a change so that command completion now makes about half as many
5946 stat(2) calls when searching the $PATH.
5948 g. Fixed a bug that caused variable assignments preceding `return' to not
5949 be propagated to the shell environment in POSIX mode.
5951 h. Fixed a bug with ${parameter[:]?word} -- tilde expansion was not performed
5954 i. In POSIX mode, `break' and `continue' do not complain and return success
5955 if called when the shell is not executing a loop.
5957 j. Fixed `bash -o posix' to work the same as `bash --posix'.
5959 k. Fixed a bug where variable assignments preceding `eval' or `source/.'
5960 would not show up in the environment exported to subshells run by the
5963 l. In POSIX mode, shells started to execute command substitutions inherit
5964 the value of the `-e' option from their parent shell.
5966 m. In POSIX mode, aliases are expanded even in non-interactive shells.
5968 n. Changed some of the job control messages to display the text required by
5969 POSIX.2 when the shell is in POSIX mode.
5971 o. Fixed a bug in `test' that caused it to occasionally return incorrect
5972 results when non-numeric arguments were supplied to `-t'.
5974 2. Changes to Readline
5976 a. Some changes were made to avoid gcc warnings with -Wall.
5978 b. rl_get_keymap_by_name now finds keymaps case-insensitively, so
5979 `set keymap EMACS' works.
5981 c. The history file writing and truncation functions now return a useful
5984 d. Fixed a bug that could cause applications to dereference a NULL pointer
5985 if a NULL second argument was passed to history_expand().
5987 3. New Features in Bash
5989 a. doc/readline.3 has been moved to the readline distribution.
5991 4. New Features in Readline
5993 a. New function, rl_get_screen_size (int *rows, int *columns), returns
5994 readline's idea of the screen dimensions.
5996 b. The timeout in rl_gather_tyi (readline keyboard input polling function)
5997 is now settable via a function (rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout()).
5999 c. Renamed the max_input_history variable to history_max_entries; the old
6000 variable is maintained for backwards compatibility.
6002 d. The list of characters that separate words for the history tokenizer is
6003 now settable with a variable: history_word_delimiters. The default
6006 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6007 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-beta1,
6008 and the previous version, bash-2.05-alpha1.
6012 a. Changes to allow shared library and object building on the GNU Hurd.
6014 b. Fixes to the way exported functions are placed into the environment and
6017 c. The globbing library once again respects locales when processing ranges
6018 in bracket expressions while doing pattern matching.
6020 d. System-specific configuration changes for: Tru 64, Interix
6022 e. Bashbug now uses /usr/bin/editor as one of the editing alternatives, and
6023 will use mktemp(1) or tempfile(1), if present, for temporary file creation.
6025 f. Bash no longer performs a binary file check on a script argument that's
6026 really a tty (like /dev/fd/0 or /dev/stdin).
6028 g. Fixed a bug in the execution of shell scripts that caused the effects of
6029 $BASH_ENV to be undone in some cases.
6031 h. Fixed several bugs that made `bash [-i] /dev/stdin' not work correctly.
6033 i. Several changes to the job control code to avoid some signal state
6036 j. The Bash malloc no longer blocks signals as often, which should make it
6039 k. Fixed a parsing bug that did not allow backslash to escape a single quote
6040 inside a $'...' construct.
6042 l. Fixed a bug that caused things like ${var:=$'value'} to be parsed
6043 incorrectly. This showed up in newer versions of autoconf.
6045 m. Fixed a bug in the bash-specific readline initialization that caused
6046 key bindings to bash-specific function names appearing in .inputrc to
6049 n. Bash now sets the file descriptor it uses to save the file descriptor
6050 opened on a shell script to close on exec.
6052 o. Fixed a bug in the prompt string decoding that caused it to misbehave
6053 when presented an octal sequence of fewer than three characters.
6055 p. Fixed the `test' builtin to return an error if `[' is supplied a single
6056 argument that is not `]'.
6058 q. Fixed a bug that caused subshells started to run executable shell scripts
6059 without a leading `#!' to incorrectly inherit an argument list preceding
6060 a shell builtin (like such a script called from a script sourced with `.',
6061 where there were variable assignments preceding the `.' command)
6063 r. Fixed a bug that caused changes to variables supplied in an assignment
6064 statement preceding a shell builtin to not be honored (like a script
6067 s. HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, and MACHTYPE are set only if they do not have values
6068 when the shell is started.
6070 t. Fixed a bug that caused SIGINT to kill shell scripts after the script
6073 u. The `fc' builtin now tries to create its temporary files in the directory
6076 v. Bash no longer calls any Readline functions or uses any Readline variables
6077 not declared in readline.h.
6079 w. Fixed a bug that caused some substitutions involving $@ to not be split
6080 correctly, especially expansions of the form ${paramterOPword}.
6082 x. SSH2_CLIENT is now treated like SSH_CLIENT and not auto-exported if it
6083 appears in the initial environment.
6085 y. Fixed a couple of problems with shell scripts without a leading `#!'
6086 being executed out of shell functions that could cause core dumps if
6087 such a script attempted to execute `return'.
6089 z. Fixed a problem with the `-nt' and `-ot' binary operators for the
6090 `test/[' builtin and the `[[' conditional command that caused wrong
6091 return values if one of the file arguments did not exist.
6093 aa. Fixed a bug that caused non-interactive shells which had previously
6094 executed `shopt -s expand_aliases' to fail to expand aliases in a
6095 command like `(command) &'.
6097 2. Changes to Readline
6099 a. Changes to make most (but not yet all -- there is still crlf()) of the
6100 exported readline functions declared in readline.h have an rl_ prefix.
6102 b. More `const' changes in function arguments, mostly for completion
6105 c. Fixed a bug in rl_forward that could cause the point to be set to before
6106 the beginning of the line in vi mode.
6108 d. Fixed a bug in the callback read-char interface to make it work when a
6109 readline function pushes some input onto the input stream with
6110 rl_execute_next (like the incremental search functions).
6112 e. Fixed a file descriptor leak in the history file manipulation code that
6113 was tripped when attempting to truncate a non-regular file (like
6116 f. Some existing variables are now documented and part of the public
6117 interface (declared in readline.h): rl_explict_arg, rl_numeric_arg,
6118 rl_editing_mode, rl_last_func.
6120 g. Renamed rltty_set_default_bindings to rl_tty_set_default_bindings and
6121 crlf to rl_crlf, so there are no public functions declared in readline.h
6122 without an `rl_' prefix. The old functions still exist for backwards
6125 3. New Features in Bash
6127 a. A new loadable builtin, realpath, which canonicalizes and expands symlinks
6128 in pathname arguments.
6130 b. When `set' is called without options, it prints function defintions in a
6131 way that allows them to be reused as input. This affects `declare' and
6132 `declare -p' as well.
6134 4. New Features in Readline
6136 a. New application-callable function rl_set_prompt(const char *prompt):
6137 expands its prompt string argument and sets rl_prompt to the result.
6139 b. New application-callable function rl_set_screen_size(int rows, int cols):
6140 public method for applications to set readline's idea of the screen
6143 c. The history example program (examples/histexamp.c) is now built as one
6146 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6147 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-alpha1,
6148 and the previous version, bash-2.04-release.
6152 a. A fix was made to allow newlines in compond array assignments.
6154 b. configure now checks for real-time signals with unusable values.
6156 c. Interactive shells no longer exit if a substitution fails because of an
6157 unset variable within a sourced file.
6159 d. Fixed a problem with incorrect matching of extended glob patterns when
6160 doing pattern substitution.
6162 e. `{' is now quoted by the completion code when it appears in a filename.
6164 f. Fixed an error in pattern matching that caused the matcher to not
6165 correctly skip the rest of a bracket expression after a character
6168 g. Fixed a bug in the IFS word splitting code to make a non-whitespace IFS
6169 character preceded by IFS whitespace part of the current delimiter rather
6170 than generating a separate field.
6172 h. The {!prefix@} expansion now generates separate words, analogous to $@,
6175 i. Command substitution now ignores NUL bytes in the command output, and the
6176 parser ignores them on input.
6178 j. A fix was made to the job control code to prevent hanging processes when
6179 the shell thinks background processes are running but the kernel returns
6180 -1/ECHILD from waitpid().
6182 k. `pwd' now prints an error message if the write fails when displaying the
6185 l. When in POSIX mode, the shell prints trap dispostions without a leading
6186 `SIG' in the signal specification.
6188 m. Fixed a parser bug that caused the current command's line count to be
6189 messed up by a compound array assignment.
6191 n. Fixed a bug in the unwind-protect code that caused bad behavior on machines
6192 where ints and pointers are not the same size.
6194 o. System-specific configure changes for: MacOS X.
6196 p. Changes for Cygwin to translate \r\n and \r to \n and to set file
6197 descriptors used for reading input to text mode in various places.
6199 q. Fixed a bug that caused `!' to occasionally not be honored when in
6202 r. Bash no longer assumes that getcwd() will return any useful error message
6203 in the buffer passed as an argument if the call fails.
6205 s. The `source', `.', and `fc' builtins no longer check whether a file is
6206 binary before reading commands from it.
6208 t. Subshells no longer turn off job control when they exit, since that
6209 sometimes resulted in the terminal being reset to the wrong process
6212 u. The history code no longer tries to save the second and subsequent lines
6213 of a multi-line command if the first line was not saved.
6215 v. The history saving code now does a better job of saving blank lines in a
6218 w. Removed a `feature' that made `ulimit' silently translate `unlimited' to
6219 the current hard limit, which obscured some kernel error returns.
6221 x. Fixed the grammar so that `}' is recognized as a reserved word after
6222 another reserved word, rather than requiring a `;' or newline. This
6223 means that constructs like
6225 { { echo a b c ; } }
6229 y. Conditional commands ([[...]]) now perform tilde expansion on their
6232 z. Noted in the documentation that `set -a' will cause functions to be
6233 exported if they are defined after `set -a' is executed.
6235 aa. When an interactive login shell starts, if $PWD and $HOME refer to the
6236 same directory but are not the same string, $PWD is set to $HOME.
6238 bb. Fixed `printf' to handle invalid floating point numbers better.
6240 cc. Temporary files are now created with random filenames, to improve security.
6242 dd. The readline initialization code now binds the custom bash functions and
6243 key bindings after the readline defaults are set up.
6245 ee. Fixed the `source' builtin to no longer overwrite a shell function's
6246 argument list, even if the sourced file changes the positional parameters.
6248 ff. A bug fix was made in the expansion of `$*' in contexts where it should
6249 not be split, like assignment statements.
6251 gg. Fixed a bug in the parameter substring expansion to handle conditional
6252 arithmetic expressions ( exp ? val1 : val2 ) without cutting the expression
6253 off at the wrong `:'.
6255 hh. The `<>' redirection is no longer subject to the current setting of
6256 `noclobber', as POSIX.2 specifies.
6258 ii. Fixed a bug in the conditional command parsing code that caused expressions
6259 in parentheses to occasionally be parsed incorrectly.
6261 jj. Fixed a bug in the ((...)) arithmetic command to allow do...done or
6262 {...} to follow the )) without an intervening list terminator.
6264 kk. `printf' now treats `\E' the same as `\e' when performing backslash escape
6265 expansion for the `%b' format specifier.
6267 ll. When in POSIX mode, the shell no longer searches the current directory for
6268 a file to be sourced with `.' or `source' if `.' is not in $PATH.
6270 mm. Interactive comments are no longer turned off when POSIX mode is disabled.
6272 nn. The UID, EUID, HOSTNAME variables are not set if they are in the shell's
6273 environment when it starts up.
6275 oo. Fixed a bug in the `command' builtin so the effect of a command like
6276 `command exec 4<file' is as if the `command' had been omitted.
6278 pp. ${foo[@]} and ${foo[*]} now work as in ksh93 if `foo' is not an array
6281 qq. ${#foo[X]}, where X is 0, @, or *, now work as in ksh93 if `foo' is not
6284 rr. The shell's idea of an absolute pathname now takes into account a
6285 possible drive specification on Cygwin and other Windows systems.
6287 ss. Fixed a bug which caused incorrect parsing of some multi-character
6288 constructs if they were split across input lines with backslash-newline
6291 tt. Fixed a bug that caused restricted shell mode to be set inappropriately
6292 when trying to execute a shell script without a leading `#!'.
6294 uu. Shell function definitions no longer require that the body be a group
6295 command ( {...} ), as POSIX.2 requires.
6297 vv. The `cd' and `pwd' builtins now process symlinks in pathnames internally
6298 and should require many fewer calls to getcwd().
6300 ww. Fixed a bug that caused a pipeline's process group to be set incorrectly
6301 if one of the pipeline elements contained a command substitution.
6303 xx. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when expanding the value of HISTIGNORE.
6305 yy. The output of `set' is now quoted using $'...' so invisible characters are
6306 displayed as escape sequences.
6308 zz. Fixed the help text for `unset', since PATH and IFS may both be unset.
6310 aaa. The shell no longer puts directory names into the command hash table.
6312 bbb. Fixed a bug in `read' that caused it to occasionally free memory twice if
6313 it was interrupted after reading a large amount of data.
6315 ccc. Assignment statements that attempt to assign values to readonly variables
6316 now cause the command to return an error status.
6318 ddd. Fixed a bug that could cause incorrect output if a $(<file) construct was
6321 eee. GROUPS and FUNCNAME now return an error status when assignment is
6322 attempted, but may be unset (in which case they lose their special
6323 properties). In all respects except unsetting, they are readonly.
6325 fff. The string-to-integer conversion code now ignores trailing whitespace in
6326 the string, even if strtol(3) does not.
6328 ggg. The tcsh magic-space function now does a better job of inserting the
6329 space close to where the point was before the history expansion, rather
6330 than just appending it.
6332 hhh. Fixed a bug which caused a file sourced from an interactive shell to
6333 fill up the jobs table if it ran lots of jobs.
6335 iii. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code to avoid infinite
6336 recursion on zero-length matches.
6338 2. Changes to Readline
6340 a. When setting the terminal attributes on systems using `struct termio',
6341 readline waits for output to drain before changing the attributes.
6343 b. A fix was made to the history word tokenization code to avoid attempts to
6344 dereference a null pointer.
6346 c. Readline now defaults rl_terminal_name to $TERM if the calling application
6347 has left it unset, and tries to initialize with the resultant value.
6349 d. Instead of calling (*rl_getc_function)() directly to get input in certain
6350 places, readline now calls rl_read_key() consistently.
6352 e. Fixed a bug in the completion code that allowed a backslash to quote a
6353 single quote inside a single-quoted string.
6355 f. rl_prompt is no longer assigned directly from the argument to readline(),
6356 but uses memory allocated by readline. This allows constant strings to
6357 be passed to readline without problems arising when the prompt processing
6358 code wants to modify the string.
6360 g. Fixed a bug that caused non-interactive history searches to return the
6361 wrong line when performing multiple searches backward for the same string.
6363 h. Many variables, function arguments, and function return values are now
6364 declared `const' where appropriate, to improve behavior when linking with
6367 i. The control character detection code now works better on systems where
6368 `char' is unsigned by default.
6370 j. The vi-mode numeric argument is now capped at 999999, just like emacs mode.
6372 k. The Function, CPFunction, CPPFunction, and VFunction typedefs have been
6373 replaced with a set of specific prototyped typedefs, though they are
6374 still in the readline header files for backwards compatibility.
6376 m. Nearly all of the (undocumented) internal global variables in the library
6377 now have an _rl_ prefix -- there were a number that did not, like
6378 screenheight, screenwidth, alphabetic, etc.
6380 n. The ding() convenience function has been renamed to rl_ding(), though the
6381 old function is still defined for backwards compatibility.
6383 o. The completion convenience functions filename_completion_function,
6384 username_completion_function, and completion_matches now have an rl_
6385 prefix, though the old names are still defined for backwards compatibility.
6387 p. The functions shared by readline and bash (linkage is satisfied from bash
6388 when compiling with bash, and internally otherwise) now have an sh_ prefix.
6390 q. Changed the shared library creation procedure on Linux and BSD/OS 4.x so
6391 that the `soname' contains only the major version number rather than the
6392 major and minor numbers.
6394 r. Fixed a redisplay bug that occurred when the prompt spanned more than one
6395 physical line and contained invisible characters.
6397 3. New Features in Bash
6399 a. Added a new `--init-file' invocation argument as a synonym for `--rcfile',
6400 per the new GNU coding standards.
6402 b. The /dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections now accept service names as well as
6405 c. `complete' and `compgen' now take a `-o value' option, which controls some
6406 of the aspects of that compspec. Valid values are:
6408 default - perform bash default completion if programmable
6409 completion produces no matches
6410 dirnames - perform directory name completion if programmable
6411 completion produces no matches
6412 filenames - tell readline that the compspec produces filenames,
6413 so it can do things like append slashes to
6414 directory names and suppress trailing spaces
6416 4. New Features in Readline
6418 a. The blink timeout for paren matching is now settable by applications.
6420 b. _rl_executing_macro has been renamed to rl_executing_macro, which means
6421 it's now part of the public interface.
6423 c. Readline has a new variable, rl_readline_state, which is a bitmap that
6424 encapsulates the current state of the library; intended for use by
6425 callbacks and hook functions.
6427 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6428 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-release,
6429 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta5.
6433 a. Better compile-time and configure-time checks for the necessity of
6436 b. A bug was fixed in the expansion of "${@:-}" when there are positional
6439 c. A typo was fixed in the output of `complete'.
6441 d. The matches generated for a word by the `-W' argument to complete and
6442 compgen are now matched against the word being completed, and only
6443 matches are returned as the result.
6445 e. Some fixes were made for systems which do not restart read(2) when a
6446 signal caught by bash is received.
6448 f. A bug was fixed which caused the umask to be set to 0 when an invalid
6449 symbolic mode mask was parsed.
6451 g. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if a SIGCHLD was received while
6452 performing an assignment statement using command substitution.
6454 h. Changed the word splitting function for programmable completion so cases
6455 in which the cursor is between words are handled a bit better.
6457 2. Changes to Readline
6459 a. rl_funmap_names() is now documented.
6461 3. New Features in Bash
6463 a. The LC_NUMERIC variable is now treated specially, and used to set the
6464 LC_NUMERIC locale category for number formatting, e.g., when `printf'
6465 displays floating-point numbers.
6467 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6468 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta5,
6469 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta4.
6473 a. A couple of changes were made to the Makefiles for easier building on
6476 b. Fixed a bug where the current prompt would be set to $PS2 at startup.
6478 c. The shell script that tests an already-installed version was changed to
6479 remove the directory it created its test programs in at exit.
6481 d. Several changes were made to the code that tokenizes an input line for
6482 the programmable completion code. Shell metacharacters will now appear
6483 as individual words in the word list passed to the completion functions.
6484 Some of the example completion shell functions were changed to understand
6485 redirection operators.
6487 e. A bug was fixed that, under obscure circumstances, could confuse the
6488 parser when a shell function was run by the programmable completion code.
6490 f. A bug was fixed in the ulimit builtin for systems not using getrlimit().
6492 g. The execution code now propagates the correct exit status back to the rest
6493 of the code if the return value of a subshell command was being inverted.
6494 Some new test cases for inverting return values with the `!' reserved
6495 word have been added.
6497 h. Negative exponents in the arithmetic evaluation of v**e now return an
6500 i. A bug that caused bash to check the wrong process in a pipeline for
6501 abnormal termination (and consequently resetting the terminal attributes)
6504 j. Fixed a bug that caused $PS2 to be displayed after PROMPT_COMMAND was
6507 2. Changes to Readline
6509 1. Fixed a bug in a C preprocessor define that caused the keypad control
6510 functions to be compiled out for all platforms except DJGPP.
6512 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6513 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta4,
6514 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta3.
6518 a. A couple of changes were made to the redirection to attempt to avoid
6519 race conditions and malicious file replacement.
6521 2. A change was made to the string evaluation code (used for command
6522 substitution, `eval', and the `.' builtin) to fix an obscure core
6523 dump on alpha machines.
6525 3. A bug that caused $LINENO to be wrong when executing arithmetic for
6528 4. A couple of memory leaks in the programmable completion code were fixed.
6530 5. A bug that could cause a core dump by freeing memory twice during a call
6531 to `eval' if `set -u' had been enabled and an undefined variable was
6532 referenced was fixed.
6534 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6535 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta3,
6536 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta2.
6540 a. Bash should run the appropriate startup files when invoked by ssh2.
6542 b. Fixed a bug in the parsing of conditional commands that could cause a
6545 c. Fixed a bug in parsing job specifications that occasionally caused
6546 core dumps when an out-of-range job was referenced.
6548 d. Fixed the `type' and `command' builtins to do better reporting of
6549 commands that are not found in $PATH or the hash table.
6551 e. Fixed a POSIX.2 compliance problem in the command builtin -- commands
6552 are supposed to be reported as full pathnames.
6554 f. The `echo' builtin now returns failure if a write error occurs.
6556 g. Fixed a bug which caused the locale to not be reset correctly when
6559 h. Changed description of `getopts' in man page and reference manual to make
6560 it clear that option characters may be characters other than letters.
6562 i. If the shell exits while in a function, make sure that any trap on EXIT
6563 doesn't think the function is still executing.
6565 j. Bashbug now tries harder to find a usable editor if $EDITOR is not set,
6566 rather than simply defaulting to `emacs'.
6568 k. Changes to the scripts that guess and canonicalize the system type, from
6569 the latest `automake' distribution via Debian.
6571 l. When using named pipes for process substitution, make sure the file
6572 descriptors opened for reading are set to non-blocking mode.
6574 m. Fixed a bug that caused termination of pipelines that are killed by a
6575 signal to not be reported in some cases.
6577 n. When not in literal-history mode, shell comment lines are not added to
6580 o. When running in POSIX.2 mode, bash no longer performs word splitting on
6581 the expanded value of the word supplied as the filename argument to
6582 redirection operators.
6584 p. The prompt string decoding code now backslash-quotes only characters that
6585 are special within double quotes when expanding the \w and \W escape
6588 q. Fixed a bug in the prompt decoding code that could cause a non-interactive
6589 shell to seg fault if `\u' was used in PS4 and the shell was in xtrace
6592 r. Fixed a bug that caused function definitions to be printed with any
6593 redirections that should be attached to the entire function before the
6596 s. Changed the tilde expansion code for Cygwin systems to avoid creating
6597 pathnames beginning with `//' if $HOME == `/'.
6599 t. Fixed a couple of autoconf tests to avoid creating files with fixed names
6602 u. The `trap' and `kill' builtins now know the names of the POSIX.1b real-
6603 time signals on systems which support them.
6605 2. Changes to Readline
6607 a. Fixed a problem with the single-quote quoting function that could cause
6610 b. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect `stat characters' to be printed if
6611 the files being completed were in the root directory and visible-stats
6614 3. New Features in Bash
6616 a. There is a new `rbash.1' manual page, from the Debian release.
6618 b. The `--enable-usg-echo-default' option to `configure' has been renamed to
6619 `--enable-xpg-echo-default'. The old option is still there for backwards
6622 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6623 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta2,
6624 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta1.
6628 a. Fixed a bug that could cause pipes to be closed inappropriately in
6631 b. Fixed a bug that caused creation of the exported environment to clobber
6632 the current command string if there were any exported shell functions.
6634 c. Some changes were made to reduce bash's memory usage.
6636 d. Fixed a problem with programmable completion and filenames to be
6637 completed containing quote characters.
6639 e. Changed the code the removes named pipes created for the <(...) and >(...)
6640 expansions to defer removal until after any current shell function has
6643 f. Fixed a bug in `select' which caused it to not handle the `continue'
6646 g. Autoconf tests added for cygwin32 and mingw32.
6648 2. New Features in Bash
6650 a. The `--with-bash-malloc' configure option replaces `--with-gnu-malloc'
6651 (which is still there for backwards compatibility).
6653 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6654 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta1,
6655 and the previous version, bash-2.04-alpha1.
6659 a. Fixed a bug in the programmable completion code that occurred when
6660 trying to complete command lines containing a `;' or `@'.
6662 b. The file descriptor from which the shell is reading a script is now
6663 moved to a file descriptor above the user-addressible range.
6665 c. Changes to `printf' so that it can handle integers beginning with 0
6666 or 0x as octal and hex, respectively.
6668 d. Fixes to the programmable completion code so it handles nonsense like
6669 `compgen -C xyz' gracefully.
6671 e. The shell no longer modifies the signal handler for SIGPROF, allowing
6672 profiling again on certain systems.
6674 f. The shell checks for a new window size, if the user has requested it,
6675 after a process exits due to a signal.
6677 g. Fixed a bug with variables with null values in a program's temporary
6678 environment and the bash getenv() replacement.
6680 h. `declare' and the other builtins that take variable assignments as
6681 arguments now honor `set -a' and mark modified variables for export.
6683 i. Some changes were made for --dump-po-strings mode when writing strings
6684 with embedded newlines.
6686 j. The code that caches export strings from the initial environment now
6687 duplicates the string rather than just pointing into the environment.
6689 k. The filename completion quoting code now uses single quotes by default
6690 if the filename being completed contains newlines, since \<newline>
6691 has a special meaning to the parser.
6693 l. Bash now uses typedefs bits32_t and u_bits32_t instead of int32_t and
6694 u_int32_t, respectively to avoid conflicts on certain Unix versions.
6696 m. Configuration changes were made for: Rhapsody, Mac OS, FreeBSD-3.x.
6698 n. Fixed a problem with hostname-to-ip-address translation in the
6699 /dev/(tcp|udp)/hostname/port redirection code.
6701 o. The texinfo manual has been reorganized slightly.
6703 p. Filename generation (globbing) range comparisons in bracket expressions
6704 no longer use strcoll(3) even if it is available, since it has unwanted
6705 effects in certain locales.
6707 q. Fixed a cosmetic problem in the source that caused the shell to not
6708 compile if DPAREN_ARITHMETIC was not defined but ARITH_FOR_COMMAND was.
6710 r. Fixed a bug in the here-document code tripped when the file descriptor
6711 opened to the file containing the text of the here document was the
6712 same as a redirector specified by the user.
6714 s. Fixed a bug where the INVERT_RETURN flag was not being set for `pipeline'
6715 in `time ! pipeline'.
6717 t. Fixed a bug with the `wait' builtin which manifested itself when an
6718 interrupt was received while the shell was waiting for asynchronous
6719 processes in a shell script.
6721 u. Fixed the DEBUG trap code so that it has the correct value of $?.
6723 v. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code that could cause
6724 the shell to attempt to free unallocated memory if the pattern started
6725 with `/' and an expansion error occurs.
6727 w. Fixed a bug in the positional parameter substring code that could
6728 cause the shell to loop freeing freed memory.
6730 x. Fixed a bug in the positional parameter pattern substitution code so
6731 that it correctly handles null replacement strings with a pattern
6732 string prefixed with `%' or `#'.
6734 y. The shell no longer attempts to import functions from the environment if
6737 z. Fixed a bug that caused `return' in a command substitution executed in
6738 a shell function to return from the function in a subshell and continue
6741 aa. `hash -p /pathname/with/slashes name' is no longer allowed when the shell
6744 bb. The wait* job control functions now behave better if called when there
6745 are no unwaited-for children.
6747 cc. Command substitution no longer unconditionally disables job control in
6748 the subshell started to run the command.
6750 dd. A bug was fixed that occasionally caused traps to mess up the parser
6753 ee. `bashbug' now honors user headers in the mail message it sends.
6755 ff. A bug was fixed that caused the `:p' history modifier to not print the
6756 history expansion if the `histverify' option was set.
6758 2. Changes to Readline
6760 a. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code for lines with more than 256 line
6763 b. A bug was fixed which caused invisible character markers to not be
6764 stripped from the prompt string if the terminal was in no-echo mode.
6766 c. Readline no longer tries to get the variables it needs for redisplay
6767 from the termcap entry if the calling application has specified its
6768 own redisplay function. Readline treats the terminal as `dumb' in
6771 d. Fixes to the SIGWINCH code so that a multiple-line prompt with escape
6772 sequences is redrawn correctly.
6774 3. New Features in Bash
6776 a. `bashbug' now accepts `--help' and `--version' options.
6778 b. There is a new `xpg_echo' option to `shopt' that controls the behavior
6779 of echo with respect to backslash-escaped characters at runtime.
6781 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6782 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-alpha1,
6783 and the previous version, bash-2.04-devel.
6787 a. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when performing substring
6790 b. Shared object configuration changes for: Solaris, OSF/1
6792 c. The POSIX_GLOB_LIBRARY code that uses the POSIX.2 globbing facilities
6793 for pathname expansion now understands GLOBIGNORE.
6795 d. The code that implements `eval' was changed to save the value of the
6796 current prompt, so an eval in a shell function called by the programmable
6797 completion code will not change the prompt to $PS2.
6799 e. Restored the undocumented NON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS #define to
6800 config-top.h. If this is defined, all login shells will read the
6801 startup files, not just interactive and non-interactive started with
6802 the `--login' option.
6804 f. Fixed a bug that caused the expansion code to occasionally dump core if
6805 IFS contained characters > 128.
6807 g. Fixed a problem with the grammar so that a newline is not required
6808 after the `))' in the new-style arithmetic for statement; a semicolon
6809 may be used as expected.
6811 h. Variable indirection may now reference the shell's special variables.
6813 i. The $'...' and $"..." constructs are now added to the history correctly
6814 if they contain newlines and command-oriented history is enabled.
6816 j. It is now an error to try to assign a value to a function-local copy
6817 of a readonly shell variable (declared with the `local' builtin).
6819 2. Changes to Readline
6821 a. The history file code now uses O_BINARY mode when reading and writing
6822 the history file on cygwin32.
6824 3. New Features in Bash
6826 a. A new programmable completion facility, with two new builtin commands:
6827 complete and compgen.
6829 b. configure has a new option, `--enable-progcomp', to compile in the
6830 programmable completion features (enabled by default).
6832 c. `shopt' has a new option, `progcomp', to enable and disable programmable
6833 completion at runtime.
6835 d. Unsetting HOSTFILE now clears the list of hostnames used for completion.
6837 4. New Features in Readline
6839 a. A new variable, rl_gnu_readline_p, always 1. The intent is that an
6840 application can verify whether or not it is linked with the `real'
6841 readline library or some substitute.
6843 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6844 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-devel,
6845 and the previous version, bash-2.03-release.
6849 a. System-specific configuration and source changes for: Interix, Rhapsody
6851 b. Fixed a bug in execute_cmd.c that resulted in a compile-time error if
6852 JOB_CONTROL was not defined.
6854 c. An obscure race condition in the trap code was fixed.
6856 d. The string resulting from $'...' is now requoted to avoid any further
6859 e. The $'...' quoting syntax now allows backslash to escape a single quote,
6860 for ksh-93 compatibility.
6862 f. The $"..." quoting syntax now escapes backslashes and double quotes in
6863 the translated string when displaying them with the --dump-po-strings
6866 g. `echo -e' no longer converts \' to '.
6868 h. Fixes were made to the extended globbing code to handle embedded (...)
6871 i. Some improvements were made to the code that unsets `nodelay' mode on
6872 the file descriptor from which bash is reading input.
6874 j. Some changes were made to the replacement termcap library for better
6875 operation on MS-DOS.
6877 k. Some changes were made to the tilde expansion code to handle backslash
6878 as a pathname separator on MS-DOS.
6880 l. The source has been reorganized a little bit -- there is now an `include'
6881 subdirectory, and lib/posixheaders has been removed.
6883 m. Improvements were made to the `read' builtin so that it makes many
6884 fewer read(2) system calls.
6886 n. The expansion of $- will include `c' and `s' when those options are
6887 supplied at shell invocation.
6889 o. Several improvments were made to the completion code: variable completion
6890 now works better when there are unterminated expansions, command
6891 completion understands quotes better, and completion now works in certain
6892 unclosed $(... constructs.
6894 p. The arithmetic expansion code was fixed to not need the value of a
6895 variable being assigned a value (fixes the "ss=09; let ss=10" bug).
6897 q. Some changes were made to make exported environment creation faster.
6899 r. The html documentation will be installed into $(htmldir) if that variable
6900 has a value when `make install' is run.
6902 s. Fixed a bug that would cause the bashrc file to be sourced inappropriately
6903 when bash is started by sshd.
6905 t. The SSH_CLIENT environment variable is no longer auto-exported.
6907 u. A bug that caused redirections with (...) subshells to be performed in
6908 the wrong order was fixed.
6910 v. A bug that occasionally caused inappropriate expansion of assignment
6911 statements in compound array assignments was fixed.
6913 w. The code that parses the words in a compound array assignment was
6914 simplified considerably and should work better now.
6916 x. Fixes to the non-job-control code in nojobs.c to make it POSIX.2-compliant
6917 when a user attempts to retrieve the status of a terminated background
6920 y. Fixes to the `printf' builtin so that it doesn't try to expand all
6921 backslash escape sequences in the format string before parsing it for
6922 % format specifiers.
6924 2. Changes to Readline
6926 a. The history library tries to truncate the history file only if it is a
6929 b. A bug that caused _rl_dispatch to address negative array indices on
6930 systems with signed chars was fixed.
6932 c. rl-yank-nth-arg now leaves the history position the same as when it was
6935 d. Changes to the completion code to handle MS-DOS drive-letter:pathname
6938 e. Completion is now case-insensitive by default on MS-DOS.
6940 f. Fixes to the history file manipulation code for MS-DOS.
6942 g. Readline attempts to bind the arrow keys to appropriate defaults on MS-DOS.
6944 h. Some fixes were made to the redisplay code for better operation on MS-DOS.
6946 i. The quoted-insert code will now insert tty special chars like ^C.
6948 j. A bug was fixed that caused the display code to reference memory before
6949 the start of the prompt string.
6951 k. More support for __EMX__ (OS/2).
6953 l. A bug was fixed in readline's signal handling that could cause infinite
6954 recursion in signal handlers.
6956 m. A bug was fixed that caused the point to be less than zero when rl_forward
6957 was given a very large numeric argument.
6959 n. The vi-mode code now gets characters via the application-settable value
6960 of rl_getc_function rather than calling rl_getc directly.
6962 3. New Features in Bash
6964 a. The history builtin has a `-d offset' option to delete the history entry
6965 at position `offset'.
6967 b. The prompt expansion code has two new escape sequences: \j, the number of
6968 active jobs; and \l, the basename of the shell's tty device name.
6970 c. The `bind' builtin has a new `-x' option to bind key sequences to shell
6973 d. There is a new shell option, no_empty_command_completion, which, when
6974 enabled, disables command completion when TAB is typed on an empty line.
6976 e. The `help' builtin has a `-s' option to just print a builtin's usage
6979 f. There are several new arithmetic operators: id++, id-- (variable
6980 post-increment/decrement), ++id, --id (variabl pre-increment/decrement),
6981 expr1 , expr2 (comma operator).
6983 g. There is a new ksh-93 style arithmetic for command:
6984 for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done
6986 h. The `read' builtin has a number of new options:
6987 -t timeout only wait timeout seconds for input
6988 -n nchars only read nchars from input instead of a full line
6989 -d delim read until delim rather than newline
6990 -s don't echo input chars as they are read
6992 i. The redirection code now handles several filenames specially:
6993 /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, and /dev/stderr, whether or
6994 not they are present in the file system.
6996 j. The redirection code now recognizes pathnames of the form
6997 /dev/tcp/host/port and /dev/udp/host/port, and tries to open a socket
6998 of the appropriate type to the specified port on the specified host.
7000 k. The ksh-93 ${!prefix*} expansion, which expands to the names of all
7001 shell variables whose names start with prefix, has been implemented.
7003 l. There is a new dynamic variable, FUNCNAME, which expands to the name of
7004 a currently-executing function. Assignments to FUNCNAME have no effect.
7006 m. The GROUPS variable is no longer readonly; assignments to it are silently
7007 discarded. This means it can be unset.
7009 4. New Features in Readline
7011 a. Parentheses matching is now always compiled into readline, and enabled
7012 or disabled when the value of the `blink-matching-paren' variable is
7015 b. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_inputrc as the last-ditch inputrc filename.
7017 c. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_history as the default history file.
7019 d. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the point at the end of the
7020 line when the string to search for is empty, like
7021 {reverse,forward}-search-history.
7023 e. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the last history line found
7024 in the readline buffer if the second or subsequent search fails.
7026 f. New function for use by applications: rl_on_new_line_with_prompt, used
7027 when an application displays the prompt itself before calling readline().
7029 g. New variable for use by applications: rl_already_prompted. An application
7030 that displays the prompt itself before calling readline() must set this to
7033 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7034 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-release,
7035 and the previous version, bash-2.03-beta2.
7039 a. A file descriptor leak in the `fc' builtin was fixed.
7041 b. A bug was fixed in the `read' builtin that caused occasional spurious
7042 failures when using `read -e'.
7044 c. The version code needed to use the value of the cpp variable
7045 CONF_MACHTYPE rather than MACHTYPE.
7047 d. A new test was added to exercise the command printing and copying code.
7049 e. A bug was fixed that caused `time' to be recognized as a reserved word
7050 if it was the first pattern in a `case' statement pattern list.
7052 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7053 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-beta2,
7054 and the previous version, bash-2.03-beta1.
7058 a. Slight additions to support/shobj-conf, mostly for the benefit of AIX 4.2.
7060 b. config.{guess,sub} support added for the NEC SX4.
7062 c. Changed some of the cross-compiling sections of the configure macros in
7063 aclocal.m4 so that configure won't abort.
7065 d. Slight changes to how the HTML versions of the bash and readline manuals
7068 e. Fixed conditional command printing to avoid interpreting printf `%'-escapes
7071 f. Don't include the bash malloc on all variants of the alpha processor.
7073 g. Changes to configure to make --enable-profiling work on Solaris 2.x.
7075 h. Fixed a bug that manifested itself when shell functions were called
7076 between calls to `getopts'.
7078 i. Fixed pattern substitution so that a bare `#'as a pattern causes the
7079 replacement string to be prefixed to the search string, and a bare
7080 `%' causes the replacement string to be appended to the search string.
7082 j. Fixed a bug in the command execution code that caused child processes
7083 to occasionally have the wrong value for $!.
7085 2. Changes to Readline
7087 a. Added code to the history library to catch history substitutions using
7088 `&' without a previous history substitution or search having been
7091 3. New Features in Bash
7093 4. New Features in Readline
7095 a. New bindable variable: `isearch-terminators'.
7097 b. New bindable function: `forward-backward-delete-char' (unbound by default).
7099 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7100 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-beta1,
7101 and the previous version, bash-2.03-alpha.
7105 a. A change was made to the help text for `{...}' to make it clear that a
7106 semicolon is required before the closing brace.
7108 b. A fix was made to the `test' builtin so that syntax errors cause test
7109 to return an exit status > 1.
7111 c. Globbing is no longer performed on assignment statements that appear as
7112 arguments to `assignment builtins' such as `export'.
7114 d. System-specific configuration changes were made for: Rhapsody,
7115 AIX 4.2/gcc, BSD/OS 4.0.
7117 e. New loadable builtins: ln, unlink.
7119 f. Some fixes were made to the globbing code to handle extended glob patterns
7120 which immediately follow a `*'.
7122 g. A fix was made to the command printing code to ensure that redirections
7123 following compound commands have a space separating them from the rest
7126 h. The pathname canonicalization code was changed to produce fewer leading
7127 `//' sequences, since those are interpreted as network file system
7128 pathnames on some systems.
7130 i. A fix was made so that loops containing `eval' commands in commands passed
7131 to `bash -c' would not exit prematurely.
7133 j. Some changes were made to the job reaping code when the shell is not
7134 interactive, so the shell will retain exit statuses longer for examination
7137 k. A fix was made so that `jobs | command' works again.
7139 l. The erroneous compound array assignment var=((...)) is now a syntax error.
7141 m. A change was made to the dynamic loading code in `enable' to support
7144 n. A fix was made to the globbing code so that extended globbing patterns
7145 will correctly match `.' in a bracket expression.
7147 2. Changes to Readline
7149 a. A fix was made to the completion code in which a typo caused the wrong
7150 value to be passed to the function that computed the longest common
7151 prefix of the list of matches.
7153 b. The completion code now checks the value of rl_filename_completion_desired,
7154 which is set by application-supplied completion functions to indicate
7155 that filename completion is being performed, to decide whether or not to
7156 call an application-supplied `ignore completions' function.
7158 3. New Features in Bash
7160 a. A change was made to the startup file code so that any shell begun with
7161 the `--login' option, even non-interactive shells, will source the login
7162 shell startup files.
7164 4. New Features in Readline
7166 a. A new variable, rl_erase_empty_line, which, if set by an application using
7167 readline, will cause readline to erase, prompt and all, lines on which the
7168 only thing typed was a newline.
7170 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7171 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-alpha,
7172 and the previous version, bash-2.02.1-release.
7176 a. System-specific configuration changes were made for: Irix 6.x, Unixware 7.
7178 b. The texi2dvi and texi2html scripts were updated to the latest versions
7181 c. The configure tests that determine which native type is 32 bits were
7182 changed to not require a compiled program.
7184 d. Fixed a bug in shell_execve that could cause memory to be freed twice
7185 after a failed exec.
7187 e. The `printf' test uses `diff -a' if it's available to prevent confusion
7188 due to the non-ascii output.
7190 f. Shared object configuration is now performed by a shell script,
7191 support/shobj-conf, which generates values to be substituted into
7192 makefiles by configure.
7194 g. Some changes were made to `ulimit' to avoid the use of RLIM_INVALID as a
7197 h. Changes were made to `ulimit' to work around HPUX 9.x's peculiar
7198 handling of RLIMIT_FILESIZE.
7200 i. Some new loadable builtins were added: id, printenv, sync, whoami, push,
7201 mkdir. `pushd', `popd', and `dirs' can now be built as regular or
7202 loadable builtins from the same source file.
7204 j. Changes were made to `printf' to handle NUL bytes in the expanded format
7207 k. The various `make clean' Makefile targets now descend into lib/sh.
7209 l. The `type' builtin was changed to use the internal `getopt' so that things
7210 like `type -ap' work as expected.
7212 m. There is a new configuration option, --with-installed-readline, to link
7213 bash with a locally-installed version of readline. Only readline version
7214 4.0 and later releases can support this. Shared and static libraries
7215 are supported. The installed include files are used.
7217 n. There is a new autoconf macro used to find which basic type is 64 bits.
7219 o. Dynamic linking and loadable builtins should now work on SCO 3.2v5*,
7220 AIX 4.2 with gcc, Unixware 7, and many other systems using gcc, where
7221 the `-shared' options works correctly.
7223 p. A bug was fixed in the bash filename completion code that caused memory to
7224 be freed twice if a directory name containing an unset variable was
7225 completed and the -u option was set.
7227 q. The prompt expansion code now quotes the `$' in the `\$' expansion so it
7228 is not processed by subsequent parameter expansion.
7230 r. Fixed a parsing bug that caused a single or double quote after a `$$' to
7231 trigger ANSI C expansion or locale translation.
7233 s. Fixed a bug in the globbing code that caused quoted filenames containing
7234 no globbing characters to sometimes be incorrectly expanded.
7236 t. Changes to the default prompt strings if prompt string decoding is not
7237 compiled into the shell.
7239 u. Added `do', `then', `else', `{', and `(' to the list of keywords that may
7240 precede the `time' reserved word.
7242 v. The shell may now be cross-built for BeOS as well as cygwin32.
7244 w. The conditional command execution code now treats `=' the same as `=='
7245 for deciding when to perform pattern matching.
7247 x. The `-e' option no longer causes the shell to exit if a command exits
7248 with a non-zero status while running the startup files.
7250 y. The `printf' builtin no longer dumps core if a modifier is supplied in
7251 the format string without a conversion character (e.g. `%h').
7253 z. Array assignments of the form a=(...) no longer show up in the history
7256 aa. The parser was fixed to obey the POSIX.2 rules for finding the closing
7257 `}' in a ${...} expression.
7259 bb. The history file is now opened with mode 0600 rather than 0666, so bash
7260 no longer relies on the user's umask being set appropriately.
7262 cc. Setting LANG no longer causes LC_ALL to be assigned a value; bash now
7263 relies on proper behavior from the C library.
7265 dd. Minor changes were made to allow quoted variable expansions using
7266 ${...} to be completed correctly if there is no closing `"'.
7268 ee. Changes were made to builtins/Makefile.in so that configuring the shell
7269 with `--enable-profiling' works right and builtins/mkbuiltins is
7272 2. Changes to Readline
7274 a. The version number is now 4.0.
7276 b. There is no longer any #ifdef SHELL code in the source files.
7278 c. Some changes were made to the key binding code to fix memory leaks and
7279 better support Win32 systems.
7281 d. Fixed a silly typo in the paren matching code -- it's microseconds, not
7284 e. The readline library should be compilable by C++ compilers.
7286 f. The readline.h public header file now includes function prototypes for
7287 all readline functions, and some changes were made to fix errors in the
7288 source files uncovered by the use of prototypes.
7290 g. The maximum numeric argument is now clamped at 1000000.
7292 h. Fixes to rl_yank_last_arg to make it behave better.
7294 i. Fixed a bug in the display code that caused core dumps if the prompt
7295 string length exceeded 1024 characters.
7297 j. The menu completion code was fixed to properly insert a single completion
7298 if there is only one match.
7300 k. A bug was fixed that caused the display code to improperly display tabs
7303 3. New Features in Bash
7305 a. New `shopt' option, `restricted_shell', indicating whether or not the
7306 shell was started in restricted mode, for use in startup files.
7308 b. Filename generation is now performed on the words between ( and ) in
7309 array assignments (which it probably should have done all along).
7311 c. OLDPWD is now auto-exported, as POSIX.2 seems to require.
7313 d. ENV and BASH_ENV are read-only variables in a restricted shell.
7315 4. New Features in Readline
7317 a. Many changes to the signal handling:
7318 o Readline now catches SIGQUIT and cleans up the tty before returning;
7319 o A new variable, rl_catch_signals, is available to application writers
7320 to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its own
7321 signal handlers for SIGINT, SIGTERM, SIGQUIT, SIGALRM, SIGTSTP,
7322 SIGTTIN, and SIGTTOU;
7323 o A new variable, rl_catch_sigwinch, is available to application
7324 writers to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its
7325 own signal handler for SIGWINCH, which will chain to the calling
7326 applications's SIGWINCH handler, if one is installed;
7327 o There is a new function, rl_free_line_state, for application signal
7328 handlers to call to free up the state associated with the current
7329 line after receiving a signal;
7330 o There is a new function, rl_cleanup_after_signal, to clean up the
7331 display and terminal state after receiving a signal;
7332 o There is a new function, rl_reset_after_signal, to reinitialize the
7333 terminal and display state after an application signal handler
7334 returns and readline continues
7336 b. There is a new function, rl_resize_terminal, to reset readline's idea of
7337 the screen size after a SIGWINCH.
7339 c. New public functions: rl_save_prompt and rl_restore_prompt. These were
7340 previously private functions with a `_' prefix.
7342 d. New function hook: rl_pre_input_hook, called just before readline starts
7343 reading input, after initialization.
7345 e. New function hook: rl_display_matches_hook, called when readline would
7346 display the list of completion matches. The new function
7347 rl_display_match_list is what readline uses internally, and is available
7348 for use by application functions called via this hook.
7350 f. New bindable function, delete-char-or-list, like tcsh.
7352 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7353 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02.1-release,
7354 and the previous version, bash-2.02-release.
7358 a. A bug that caused the bash readline support to not compile unless aliases
7359 and csh-style history were configured into the shell was fixed.
7361 b. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when here documents contained
7362 more than 1000 characters.
7364 c. Fixed a bug that caused a CDPATH entry of "" to not be treated the same
7365 as the current directory when in POSIX mode.
7367 d. Fixed an alignment problem with the memory returned by the bash malloc,
7368 so returned memory is now 64-bit aligned.
7370 e. Fixed a bug that caused command substitutions executed within pipelines
7371 to put the terminal in the wrong process group.
7373 f. Fixes to support/config.sub for: alphas, SCO Open Server and Open Desktop,
7374 Unixware 2, and Unixware 7.
7376 g. Fixes to the pattern matching code to make it work correctly for eight-bit
7379 h. Fixed a problem that occasionally caused the shell to display the wrong
7380 value for the new working directory when changing to a directory found
7381 in $CDPATH when in physical mode.
7383 i. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when using conditional commands in
7386 j. Fixed a bug that caused the printf builtin to loop forever if the format
7387 string did not consume any of the arguments.
7389 k. Fixed a bug in the parameter expansion code that caused "$@" to be
7390 incorrectly split if $IFS did not contain a space character.
7392 l. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when completing hostnames if
7393 the number of matching hostnames was an exact multiple of 16.
7395 m. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to fork too early when a command
7396 such as `%2 &' was given.
7398 2. Changes to Readline
7400 a. Fixed a problem with redisplay that showed up when the prompt string was
7401 longer than the screen width and the prompt contained invisible characters.
7403 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7404 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-release,
7405 and the previous version, bash-2.02-beta2.
7409 a. A bug was fixed that caused the terminal process group to be set
7410 incorrectly when performing command substitution of builtins in a
7413 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7414 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-beta2,
7415 and the previous version, bash-2.02-beta1.
7419 a. Attempting to `wait' for stopped jobs now generates a warning message.
7421 b. Pipelines which exit due to SIGPIPE in non-interactive shells are now
7422 not reported if the shell is compiled -DDONT_REPORT_SIGPIPE.
7424 c. Some changes were made to builtins/psize.sh and support/bashbug.sh to
7425 attempt to avoid some /tmp file races and surreptitious file
7428 d. Fixed a bug that caused the shell not to compile if configured with
7429 dparen arithmetic but without aliases.
7431 e. Fixed a bug that caused the input stream to be switched when assigning
7432 empty arrays with `bash -c'.
7434 f. A bug was fixed in the readline expansion glue code that caused bash to
7435 dump core when expanding lines with an unclosed single quote.
7437 g. A fix was made to the `cd' builtin so that using a non-empty directory
7438 from $CDPATH results in an absolute pathname of the new current working
7439 directory to be displayed after the current directory is changed.
7441 h. Fixed a bug in the variable assignment code that caused the shell to
7442 dump core when referencing an unset variable with `set -u' enabled in
7443 an assignment statement preceding a command.
7445 i. Fixed a bug in the exit trap code that caused reserved words to not be
7446 recognized under certain circumstances.
7448 j. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code so that quote
7449 removal is performed.
7451 k. The shell should now configure correctly on Apple Rhapsody systems.
7453 l. The `kill' builtin now prints a usage message if it is not passed any
7456 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7457 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-beta1,
7458 and the previous version, bash-2.02-alpha1.
7462 a. A few compilation bugs were fixed in the new extended globbing code.
7464 b. Executing arithmetic commands now sets the command name to `((' so
7465 error messages look right.
7467 c. Fixed some build problems with various configuration options.
7469 d. The `printf' builtin now aborts immediately if an illegal format
7470 character is encountered.
7472 e. The code that creates here-documents now behaves better if the file it's
7473 trying to create already exists for some reason.
7475 f. Fixed a problem with the extended globbing code that made patterns like
7476 `x+*' expand incorrectly.
7478 g. The prompt string expansion code no longer quotes tildes with backslashes.
7480 h. The bash getcwd() implementation in lib/sh/getcwd.c now behaves better in
7481 the presence of lstat(2) failures.
7483 i. Fixed a bug with strsub() that caused core dumps when executing `fc -s'.
7485 j. The mail checking code now ensures that it has a valid default mailpath.
7487 k. A bug was fixed that caused local variables to be unset inappropriately
7488 when sourcing a script from within another sourced script.
7490 l. A bug was fixed in the history saving code so that functions are saved
7491 in the history list correctly if `cmdhist' is enabled, but `lithist'
7494 m. A bug was fixed that caused printf overflows when displaying error
7497 n. It should be easier to build the loadble builtins in examples/loadables,
7498 though some manual editing of the generated Makefile is still required.
7500 o. The user's primary group is now always ${GROUPS[0]}.
7502 p. Some updates were made to support/config.guess from the GNU master copy.
7504 q. Some changes were made to the autoconf support for Solaris 2.6 large
7507 r. The `command' builtins now does the right thing when confstr(3) cannot
7508 find a value for _CS_PATH.
7510 s. Extended globbing expressions like `*.!(c)' are not history expanded if
7511 `extglob' is enabled.
7513 t. Using the `-P' option to `cd' will force the value that is assigned to
7514 PWD to not contain any symbolic links.
7516 2. Changes to Readline
7518 a. The code that prints completion listings now behaves better if one or
7519 more of the filenames contains non-printable characters.
7521 b. The time delay when showing matching parentheses is now 0.5 seconds.
7523 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7524 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-alpha1,
7525 and the previous version, bash-2.01.1-release.
7529 a. OS-specific configuration changes for: BSD/OS 3.x, Minix 2.x,
7530 Solaris 2.6, SINIX SVR4.
7532 b. Changes were made to the generated `info' files so that `install-info'
7535 c. PWD is now auto-exported.
7537 d. A fix was made to the pipeline code to make sure that the shell forks
7538 to execute simple commands consisting solely of assignment statements.
7540 e. Changes to the test suite for systems with 14-character filenames.
7542 f. The default sizes of some internal hash tables have been made smaller
7543 to reduce the shell's memory footprint.
7545 g. The `((...))' arithmetic command is now executed directly instead of
7546 being translated into `let "..."'.
7548 h. Fixes were made to the expansion code so that "$*", "$@", "${array[@]}",
7549 and "${array[@]}" expand correctly when IFS does not contain a space
7550 character, is unset, or is set to NULL.
7552 i. The indirect expansion code (${!var}) was changed so that the only
7553 valid values of `var' are variable names, positional parameters, `#',
7556 j. An arithmetic expression error in a $((...)) expansion now causes a
7557 non-interactive shell running in posix mode to exit.
7559 k. Compound array assignment now splits the words within the parentheses
7560 on shell metacharacters like the parser would before expansing them
7561 and performing the assignment. This is for compatibility with ksh-93.
7563 l. The internal shell backslash-quoting code (used in the output of `set'
7564 and completion) now quotes tildes if they appear at the start of the
7565 string or after a `=' or `:'.
7567 m. A couple of bugs with `shopt -o' were fixed.
7569 n. `bash +o' now displays the same output as `set +o' before starting an
7572 o. A bug that caused command substitution and the `eval' builtin to
7573 occasionally free memory twice when an error was encountered was fixed.
7575 p. The filename globbing code no longer requires read permission for a
7576 directory when the filename to be matched does not contain any globbing
7577 characters, as POSIX.2 specifies.
7579 q. A bug was fixed so that the job containing the last asynchronous
7580 process is not removed from the job table until a `wait' is executed
7581 for that process or another asynchronous process is started. This
7582 satisfies a POSIX.2 requirement.
7584 r. A `select' bug was fixed so that a non-numeric user response is treated
7585 the same as a numeric response that is out of range.
7587 s. The shell no longer parses the value of SHELLOPTS from the environment
7588 if it is restricted, running setuid, or running in `privileged mode'.
7590 t. Fixes were made to enable large file support on systems such as
7591 Solaris 2.6, where the size of a file may be larger than can be held
7594 u. The filename hashing code was fixed to not add `./' to the beginning of
7595 filenames which already begin with `./'.
7597 v. The configure script was changed so that the GNU termcap library is not
7598 compiled in if `prefer-curses' has been specified.
7600 w. HISTCONTROL and HISTIGNORE are no longer applied to the second and
7601 subsequent lines of a multi-line command.
7603 x. A fix was made to `disown' so that it does a better job of catching
7606 y. Non-interactive shells no longer report the status of processes terminated
7607 due to SIGINT, even if the standard output is a terminal.
7609 z. A bug that caused the output of `jobs' to have extra carriage returns
7612 aa. A bug that caused PIPESTATUS to not be set when builtins or shell
7613 functions were executed in the foreground was fixed.
7615 bb. Bash now attempts to detect when it is being run by sshd, and treats
7616 that case identically to being run by rshd.
7618 cc. A bug that caused `set -a' to export SHELLOPTS when one of the shell
7619 options was changed was fixed.
7621 dd. The `kill' builtin now disallows empty or missing process id arguments
7622 instead of treating them as identical to `0', which means the current
7625 ee. `var=value declare -x var' now behaves identically to
7626 `var=value export var'. Similarly for `var=value declare -r var' and
7627 `var=value readonly var'.
7629 ff. A few memory leaks were fixed.
7631 gg. `alias' and `unalias' now print error messages when passed an argument
7632 that is not an alias for printing or deletion, even when the shell is
7633 not interactive, as POSIX.2 specifies.
7635 hh. `alias' and `alias -p' now return a status of 0 when no aliases are
7636 defined, as POSIX.2 specifes.
7638 ii. `cd -' now prints the pathname of the new working directory if the shell
7641 jj. A fix was made so that the code that binds $PWD now copes with getcwd()
7644 kk. `unset' now checks whether or not a function name it's trying to unset
7645 is a valid shell identifier only when the shell is running in posix mode.
7647 ll. A change was made to the code that generates filenames for here documents
7648 to make them less prone to name collisions.
7650 mm. The parser was changed so that `time' is recognized as a reserved word
7651 only at the beginning of a pipeline.
7653 nn. The pathname canonicalization code was changed so that `//' is converted
7654 into `/', but all other pathnames beginning with `//' are left alone, as
7657 oo. The `logout' builtin will no longer exit a non-interactive non-login
7660 2. Changes to Readline
7662 a. Fixed a problem in the readline test program rltest.c that caused a core
7665 b. The code that handles parser directives in inputrc files now displays
7666 more error messages.
7668 c. The history expansion code was fixed so that the appearance of the
7669 history comment character at the beginning of a word inhibits history
7670 expansion for that word and the rest of the input line.
7672 3. New Features in Bash
7674 a. A new version of malloc, based on the older GNU malloc, that has many
7675 changes, is more page-based, is more conservative with memory usage,
7676 and does not `orphan' large blocks when they are freed.
7678 b. A new version of gmalloc, based on the old GLIBC malloc, with many
7679 changes and range checking included by default.
7681 c. A new implementation of fnmatch(3) that includes full POSIX.2 Basic
7682 Regular Expression matching, including character classes, collating
7683 symbols, equivalence classes, and support for case-insensitive pattern
7686 d. ksh-88 egrep-style extended pattern matching ([@+*?!](patlist)) has been
7687 implemented, controlled by a new `shopt' option, `extglob'.
7689 e. There is a new ksh-like `[[' compound command, which implements
7690 extended `test' functionality.
7692 f. There is a new `printf' builtin, implemented according to the POSIX.2
7695 g. There is a new feature for command substitution: $(< filename) now expands
7696 to the contents of `filename', with any trailing newlines removed
7697 (equivalent to $(cat filename)).
7699 h. There are new tilde prefixes which expand to directories from the
7702 i. There is a new `**' arithmetic operator to do exponentiation.
7704 j. There are new configuration options to control how bash is linked:
7705 `--enable-profiling', to allow bash to be profiled with gprof, and
7706 `--enable-static-link', to allow bash to be linked statically.
7708 k. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-cond-command', which
7709 controls whether or not the `[[' command is included. It is on by
7712 l. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-extended-glob', which
7713 controls whether or not the ksh extended globbing feature is included.
7714 It is enabled by default.
7716 m. There is a new configuration #define in config.h.top that, when enabled,
7717 will cause all login shells to source /etc/profile and one of the user-
7718 specific login shell startup files, whether or not the shell is
7721 n. There is a new invocation option, `--dump-po-strings', to dump
7722 a shell script's translatable strings ($"...") in GNU `po' format.
7724 o. There is a new `shopt' option, `nocaseglob', to enable case-insensitive
7725 pattern matching when globbing filenames and using the `case' construct.
7727 p. There is a new `shopt' option, `huponexit', which, when enabled, causes
7728 the shell to send SIGHUP to all jobs when an interactive login shell
7731 q. `bind' has a new `-u' option, which takes a readline function name as an
7732 argument and unbinds all key sequences bound to that function in a
7735 r. `disown' now has `-a' and `-r' options, to limit operation to all jobs
7736 and running jobs, respectively.
7738 s. The `shopt' `-p' option now causes output to be displayed in a reusable
7741 t. `test' has a new `-N' option, which returns true if the filename argument
7742 has been modified since it was last accessed.
7744 u. `umask' now has a `-p' option to print output in a reusable format.
7746 v. A new escape sequence, `\xNNN', has been added to the `echo -e' and $'...'
7747 translation code. It expands to the character whose ascii code is NNN
7750 w. The prompt string expansion code has a new `\r' escape sequence.
7752 x. The shell may now be cross-compiled for the CYGWIN32 environment on
7755 4. New Features in Readline
7757 a. There is now an option for `iterative' yank-last-arg handline, so a user
7758 can keep entering `M-.', yanking the last argument of successive history
7761 b. New variable, `print-completions-horizontally', which causes completion
7762 matches to be displayed across the screen (like `ls -x') rather than up
7763 and down the screen (like `ls').
7765 c. New variable, `completion-ignore-case', which causes filename completion
7766 and matching to be performed case-insensitively.
7768 d. There is a new bindable command, `magic-space', which causes history
7769 expansion to be performed on the current readline buffer and a space to
7770 be inserted into the result.
7772 e. There is a new bindable command, `menu-complete', which enables tcsh-like
7773 menu completion (successive executions of menu-complete insert a single
7774 completion match, cycling through the list of possible completions).
7776 f. There is a new bindable command, `paste-from-clipboard', for use on Win32
7777 systems, to insert the text from the Win32 clipboard into the editing
7780 g. The key sequence translation code now understands printf-style backslash
7781 escape sequences, including \NNN octal escapes. These escape sequences
7782 may be used in key sequence definitions or macro values.
7784 h. An `$include' inputrc file parser directive has been added.
7786 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7787 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01.1-release,
7788 and the previous version, bash-2.01-release.
7792 a. The select command was fixed to check the validity of the user's
7793 input more strenuously.
7795 b. A bug was fixed that prevented `time' from timing commands correctly
7796 when supplied as an argument to `bash -c'.
7798 c. A fix was made to the mail checking code to keep from adding the same
7799 mail file to the list of files to check multiple times when parsing
7802 d. Fixed an off-by-one error in the tilde expansion library.
7804 e. When using the compound array assignment syntax, the old value of
7805 the array is cleared before assigning the new value.
7807 f. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when a trap handler was reset
7808 to the default in the trap command associated with that signal.
7810 g. Fixed a bug in the locale code that occurred when assigning a value
7813 h. A change was made to the parser so that words of the form xxx=(...)
7814 are not considered compound assignment statements unless there are
7815 characters before the `='.
7817 i. A fix was made to the command tracing code to correctly quote each
7820 j. Some changes were made to the bash-specific autoconf tests to make them
7823 k. Completion of words with globbing characters now correctly quotes the
7826 l. The directory /var/spool/mail is now preferred to /usr/spool/mail when
7827 configure is deciding on the default mail directory.
7829 m. The brace completion code was fixed to not quote the `{' and `}'.
7831 n. Some fixes were made to make $RANDOM more random in subshells.
7833 o. System-specific changes were made to configure for: SVR4.2
7835 p. Changes were made so that completion of words containing globbing chars
7836 substitutes the result only if a single filename was matched.
7838 q. The window size is now recomputed after a job is stopped with SIGTSTP if
7839 the user has set `checkwinsize' with `shopt'.
7841 r. When doing substring expansion, out-of-range substring specifiers now
7842 cause nothing to be substituted rather than an expansion error.
7844 s. A fix was made so that you can no longer trap `SIGEXIT' or `SIGDEBUG' --
7845 only `EXIT' and `DEBUG' are accepted.
7847 t. The display of trapped signals now uses the signal number if signals
7848 for which bash does not know the name are trapped.
7850 u. A fix was made so that `bash -r' does not turn on restricted mode until
7851 after the startup files are executed.
7853 v. A bug was fixed that occasionally caused a core dump when a variable
7854 found in the temporary environment of export/declare/readonly had a
7857 w. A bug that occasionally caused unallocated memory to be passed to free()
7858 when doing arithmetic substitution was fixed.
7860 x. A bug that caused a buffer overrun when expanding a prompt string
7861 containing `\w' and ${#PWD} exceeded PATH_MAX was fixed.
7863 y. A problem with the completion code that occasionally caused it to
7864 refer to a character before the beginning of the readline line buffer
7867 z. A bug was fixed so that the `read' builtin restarts reads when
7868 interrupted by signals other than SIGINT.
7870 aa. Fixed a bug that caused a command to be freed twice when there was
7871 an evaluation error in the `eval' command.
7873 2. Changes to Readline
7875 a. Added a missing `extern' to a declaration in readline.h that kept
7876 readline from compiling cleanly on some systems.
7878 b. The history file is now opened with mode 0600 when it is written for
7881 c. Changes were made to the SIGWINCH handling code so that prompt redisplay
7884 d. ^G now interrupts incremental searches correctly.
7886 e. A bug that caused a core dump when the set of characters to be quoted
7887 when completing words was empty was fixed.
7889 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7890 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-release,
7891 and the previous version, bash-2.01-beta2.
7895 a. The `distclean' target should remove the `printenv' executable if it
7898 b. The test suite was changed slightly to ensure that the error messages
7899 are printed in English.
7901 c. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when a filename containing a
7902 `/' was passed to `hash' was fixed.
7904 d. Pathname canonicalization now leaves a leading `//' intact, as POSIX.1
7907 e. A memory leak when completing commands was fixed.
7909 f. A memory leak that occurred when checking the hash table for commands
7910 with relative paths was fixed.
7912 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7913 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-beta2,
7914 and the previous version, bash-2.01-beta1.
7918 a. The `ulimit' builtin translates RLIM_INFINITY to the hard limit only if
7919 the current (soft) limit is less than or equal to the hard limit.
7921 b. Fixed a bug that caused the bash emulation of strcasecmp to produce
7924 c. A bug that caused memory to be freed twice when a trap handler resets
7925 the trap more than once was fixed.
7927 d. A bug that caused machines where sizeof (pointer) > sizeof (int) to
7928 fail (and possibly dump core) when trying to unwind-protect a null
7931 e. The startup files should not be run with job control enabled. This fix
7932 allows SIGINT to once again interrupt startup file execution.
7934 f. Bash should not change the SIGPROF handler if it is set to something
7937 g. The completion code that provides bash-specific completions for readline
7938 now quotes characters that the readline code would treat as word break
7939 characters if they appear in a file name.
7941 h. The completion code now correctly quotes filenames containing a `!',
7942 even if the user attempted to use double quotes when attempting
7945 i. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when `disown' was called without
7946 arguments and there was no current job was fixed.
7948 j. A construct like $((foo);bar) is now processed as a command substitution
7949 rather than as a bad arithmetic substitution.
7951 k. A couple of bugs that caused `fc' to not obey the `cmdhist' and `lithist'
7952 shell options when editing and re-executing a series of commands were
7955 l. A fix was made to the grammar -- the list of commands between `do' and
7956 `done' in the body of a `for' command should be treated the same as a
7959 2. Changes to Readline
7961 a. A couple of bugs that caused the history search functions to attempt to
7962 free a NULL pointer were fixed.
7964 b. If the C library provides setlocale(3), readline does not need to look
7965 at various environment variables to decide whether or not to go into
7966 eight-bit mode automatically -- just check whether the current locale
7967 is not `C' or `POSIX'.
7969 c. If the filename completion function finds that a directory was not closed
7970 by a previous (interrupted) completion, it closes the directory with
7973 3. New Features in Bash
7975 a. New bindable readline commands: history-and-alias-expand-line and
7976 alias-expand-line. The code was always in there, there was just no
7979 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7980 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-beta1,
7981 and the previous version, bash-2.01-alpha1.
7985 a. Fixed a problem that could cause file descriptors used for process
7986 substitution to conflict with those used explicitly in redirections.
7988 b. Made it easier to regenerate configure if the user changes configure.in.
7990 c. ${GROUPS[0]} should always be the primary group, even on systems without
7993 d. Spelling correction is no longer enabled by default.
7995 e. Fixes to quoting problems in `bashbug'.
7997 f. OS-specific configuration changes were made for: Irix 6.
7999 g. OS-specific code changes were made for: QNX.
8001 h. A more meaningful message is now printed when the file in /tmp for a
8002 here document cannot be created.
8004 i. Many changes to the shell's variable initialization code to speed
8005 non-interactive startup.
8007 j. Changes to the non-job-control code so that it does not try to open
8010 k. The output of `set' and `export' is once again sorted, as POSIX wants.
8012 l. Fixed a problem caused by a recursive call reparsing the value of
8015 m. The tilde code no longer calls getenv() when it's compiled as part of
8016 the shell, which should eliminate problems on systems that cannot
8017 redefine getenv(), like the NeXT OS.
8019 n. Fixed a problem that caused `bash -o' or `bash +o' to not list all
8022 o. Fixed `ulimit' to convert RLIM_INFINITY to the appropriate hard limit
8023 only if the hard limit is greater than the current (soft) limit.
8025 p. Fixed a problem that arose when building bash in a different directory
8026 than the source and y.tab.[ch] were remade with something other than
8027 bison. This came up most often on NetBSD.
8029 q. Fixed a problem with completion -- it thought that `pwd`/[TAB] indicated
8030 an unfinished command completion (`/), which generated errors.
8032 r. The bash special tilde expansions (~-, ~+) are now attempted before
8033 calling the standard tilde expansion code, which should eliminate the
8034 problems people have been seeing with this on Solaris 2.5.1.
8036 s. Added support for <stdarg.h> to places where it was missing.
8038 t. Changed the code that reads the output of a command substitution to not
8039 go through stdio. This reduces the memory requirements and is faster.
8041 u. A number of changes to speed up export environment creation were made.
8043 v. A number of memory leaks were fixed as the result of running the test
8044 scripts through Purify.
8046 w. Fixed a bug that caused subshells forked to interpret executable
8047 scripts without a leading `#!' to not reinitialize the values of
8050 2. Changes to Readline
8052 a. History library has less `#ifdef SHELL' code -- abstracted stuff out
8053 into application-specific function hooks.
8055 b. Readline no longer calls getenv() if it's compiled as part of the shell,
8056 which should eliminate problems on systems that cannot redefine getenv(),
8059 c. Fixed translation of ESC when `untranslating' macro values.
8061 d. The region kill operation now fixes the mark if it ends up beyond the
8062 boundaries of the line after the region is deleted.
8064 3. New Features in Bash
8066 a. New argument for `configure': `--with-curses'. This can be used to
8067 override the selection of the termcap library on systems where it is
8070 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8071 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-alpha1,
8072 and the previous version, bash-2.0-release.
8076 a. System-specific configuration changes for: FreeBSD, SunOS4, Irix,
8077 MachTen, QNX 4.2, Harris Night Hawk, SunOS5.
8079 b. System-specific code changes were made for: Linux, 4.4 BSD, QNX 4.2,
8082 c. A bug that caused the exec builtin to fail because the full pathname of
8083 the command could not be found was fixed.
8085 d. The code that performs output redirections is now more resistant to
8086 race conditions and possible security exploits.
8088 e. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing pattern
8089 substitutions on variable values was fixed.
8091 f. More hosts are now recognized by the auto-configuration mechanism
8092 (OpenBSD, QNX, others).
8094 g. Assignments to read-only variables that attempt to convert them to
8095 arrays are now errors.
8097 h. A bug that caused shell scripts using array assignments in POSIX mode
8098 to exit after the assignment was performed was fixed.
8100 i. The substring expansion code is now more careful about running off the
8101 ends of the expanded variable value.
8103 j. A bug that caused completion to fail if a backquoted command substitution
8104 appeared anywhere on the line was fixed.
8106 k. The `source' builtin no longer turns off history if it has been enabled
8107 in a non-interactive shell.
8109 l. A bug that caused the shell to crash when `disown' was given a pid
8110 instead of a job number was fixed.
8112 m. The `cd' spelling correction code will not try to change to `.' if no
8113 directory entries match a single-character argument.
8115 n. A bad variable name supplied to `declare', `export', or `readonly' no
8116 longer causes a non-interactive shell in POSIX mode to exit.
8118 o. Some fixes were made to the test suite to handle peculiarities of
8119 various Unix versions.
8121 p. The bash completion code now quotes characters that readline would
8122 treat as word breaks for completion but are not shell metacharacters.
8124 q. Bad options supplied at invocation now cause a usage message to be
8127 r. Fixes were made to the code that handles DEBUG traps so that the trap
8128 string is not freed inappropriately.
8130 s. Some changes were made to the bash debugger in examples/bashdb -- it
8131 should be closer to working now.
8133 t. A problem that caused the default filename used for mail checking to be
8136 u. A fix was made to the `echo' builtin so that NUL characters printed with
8137 `echo -e' do not cause the output to be truncated.
8139 v. A fix was made to the job control code so that the shell behaves better
8140 when monitor mode is enabled in a non-interactive shell.
8142 w. Bash no longer catches all of the terminating signals in a non-
8143 interactive shell until a trap is set on EXIT, which should result in
8146 x. A fix was made to the command timing code so that `time' can be used in
8149 y. A fix was made to the parser so that `((cmd); cmd2)' is now parsed as
8150 a nested subshell rather than strictly as an (erroneous) arithmetic
8153 z. A fix was made to the globbing code so that it correctly matches quoted
8154 filenames beginning with a `.'.
8156 aa. A bug in `fc' that caused some multi-line commands to not be stored as
8157 one command in the history when they were re-executed after editing
8158 (with `fc -e') was fixed.
8160 bb. The `ulimit' builtin now attempts to catch some classes of integer
8163 cc. The command-oriented-history code no longer attempts to add `;'
8164 inappropriately when a newline appears while reading a $(...) command
8167 dd. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when `help --' was executed
8170 ee. A bug that caused the shell to crash when an unset variable appeared
8171 in the body of a here document after `set -u' had been executed was
8174 ff. Implicit input redirections from /dev/null for asynchronous commands
8175 are now handled better.
8177 gg. A bug that caused the shell to fail to compile when configured with
8178 `--disable-readline' was fixed.
8180 hh. The globbing code should now be interruptible.
8182 ii. Bash now notices when the `kill' builtin is used to send SIGCONT to a
8183 stopped job and adjusts the data structures accordingly, as if `bg' had
8184 been executed instead.
8186 jj. A bug that caused the shell to crash when mixing calls to `getopts'
8187 and `shift' on the same set of positional parameters was fixed.
8189 kk. The command printing code now preserves the `-p' flag to `time'.
8191 ll. The command printing code now handles here documents better when there
8192 are other redirections associated with the command.
8194 mm. The special glibc environment variable (NNN_GNU_nonoption_argv_flags_)
8195 is no longer placed into the environment of executed commands -- users
8196 of glibc had too many problems with it.
8198 nn. Reorganized the code that generates signames.h. The signal_names list
8199 is now more complete but may be slightly different (SIGABRT is favored
8200 over SIGIOT, for example). The preferred signal names are those
8201 listed in the POSIX.2 standard.
8203 oo. `bashbug' now uses a filename shorter than 14 characters for its
8204 temporary file, and asks for confirmation before sending the bug
8207 pp. A bug that caused TAB completion in vi editing mode to not be turned
8208 off when `set -o posix' was executed or back on when `set +o posix'
8209 was executed was fixed.
8211 qq. A bug in the brace expansion code that caused brace expansions appearing
8212 in new-style $(...) command substitutions to be inappropriately expanded
8215 rr. A bug in the readline hook shell-expand-line that could cause memory to
8216 be inappropriately freed was fixed.
8218 ss. A bug that caused some arithmetic expressions containing `&&' and `||'
8219 to be parsed with the wrong precedence has been fixed.
8221 tt. References to unbound variables after `set -u' has been executed now
8222 cause the shell to exit immediately, as they should.
8224 uu. A bug that caused the shell to exit inappropriately when `set -e' had
8225 been executed and a command's return status was being inverted with the
8226 `!' reserved word was fixed.
8228 vv. A bug that could occasionally cause the shell to crash with a
8229 divide-by-zero error when timing a command was fixed.
8231 ww. A bug that caused parameter pattern substitution to leave stray
8232 backslashes in the replacement string when the expression is in
8233 double quotes was fixed.
8235 xx. The `break' and `continue' builtins now break out of all loops when an
8236 invalid count argument is supplied.
8238 yy. Fixed a bug that caused PATH to be set to the empty string if
8239 `command -p' is executed with PATH unset.
8241 zz. Fixed `kill -l signum' to print the signal name without the `SIG' prefix,
8244 aaa. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash while setting $SHELLOPTS
8245 if there were no shell options set.
8247 bbb. Fixed `export -p' and `readonly -p' so that when the shell is in POSIX
8248 mode, their output is as POSIX.2 specifies.
8250 ccc. Fixed a bug in `readonly' so that `readonly -a avar=(...)' actually
8251 creates an array variable.
8253 ddd. Fixed a bug that prevented `time' from correctly timing background
8256 2. Changes to Readline
8258 a. A bug that caused an extra newline to be printed when the cursor was on
8259 an otherwise empty line was fixed.
8261 b. An instance of memory being used after it was freed was corrected.
8263 c. The redisplay code now works when the prompt is longer than the screen
8266 d. `dump-macros' is now a bindable name, as it should have been all along.
8268 e. Non-printable characters are now expanded when displaying macros and
8271 f. The `dump-variables' and `dump-macros' commands now output a leading
8272 newline if they're called as the result of a key sequence, rather
8273 than directly by an application.
8275 3. New Features in Bash
8277 a. There is a new builtin array variable: GROUPS, the set of groups to which
8278 the user belongs. This is used by the test suite.
8280 4. New Features in Readline
8282 a. If a key sequence bound to `universal-argument' is read while reading a
8283 numeric argument started with `universal-argument', it terminates the
8284 argument but is otherwise ignored. This provides a way to insert multiple
8285 instances of a digit string, and is how GNU emacs does it.
8287 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8288 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-release,
8289 and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta3.
8293 a. Fix to the `getopts' builtin so that it does the right thing when a
8294 required option argument is not present.
8296 b. The completion code now updates the common prefix of matched names
8297 after FIGNORE processing is done, since any names that were removed
8298 may have changed the common prefix.
8300 c. Fixed a bug that made messages in MAILPATH entries not work correctly.
8302 d. Fixed a serious documentation error in the description of the new
8303 ${parameter:offset[:length]} expansion.
8305 e. Fixes to make parameter substring expansion ({$param:offset[:length]})
8306 work when within double quotes.
8308 f. Fixes to make ^A (CTLESC) survive an unquoted expansion of positional
8311 g. Corrected a misspelling of `unlimited' in the output of `ulimit'.
8313 h. Fixed a bug that caused executable scripts without a leading `#!' to
8314 occasionally pick up the wrong set of positional parameters.
8316 i. Linux systems now have a working `ulimit -v', using RLIMIT_AS.
8318 j. Updated config.guess so that many more machine types are recognized.
8320 k. Fixed a bug with backslash-quoted slashes in the ${param/pat[/sub]}
8323 l. If the shell is named `-su', and `-c command' is supplied, read and
8324 execute the login shell startup files even though the shell is not
8325 interactive. This is to support the `-' option to `su'.
8327 m. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when the DEBUG trap was ignored
8328 with `trap "" DEBUG' and a shell function was subsequently executed.
8330 n. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps in the read builtin when IFS was
8331 set to the null string and the input had leading whitespace.
8333 2. Changes to Readline
8335 a. Fixed a bug that caused a numeric argument of 1024 to be ignored when
8338 b. Fixed the display code so that the numeric argument is displayed as it's
8341 c. Fixed the numeric argument reading code so that `M-- command' is
8342 equivalent to `M--1 command', as the prompt implies.
8344 3. New Features in Bash
8346 a. `ulimit' now sets both hard and soft limits and reports the soft limit
8347 by default (when neither -H nor -S is specified). This is compatible
8348 with versions of sh and ksh that implement `ulimit'.
8350 b. Integer constants have been extended to base 64.
8352 4. New Features in Readline
8354 a. The `home' and `end' keys are now bound to beginning-of-line and
8355 end-of-line, respectively, if the corresponding termcap capabilities
8358 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8359 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta3,
8360 and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta2.
8364 a. System-specific changes for: AIX 4.2, SCO 3.2v[45], HP-UX.
8366 b. When in POSIX mode, variable assignments preceding a special builtin
8367 persist in the shell environment after the builtin completes.
8369 c. Changed all calls to getwd() to getcwd(). Improved check for systems
8370 where the libc getcwd() calls popen(), since that breaks on some
8371 systems when job control is being used.
8373 d. Fixed a bug that caused seg faults when executing scripts with the
8374 execute bit set but without a leading `#!'.
8376 e. The environment passed to executed commands is never sorted.
8378 f. A bug was fixed in the code that expands ${name[@]} to the number of
8379 elements in an array variable.
8381 g. A bug was fixed in the array compound assignment code ( A=( ... ) ).
8383 h. Window size changes now correctly propagate down to readline if
8384 the shopt `checkwinsize' option is enabled.
8386 i. A fix was made in the code that expands to the length of a variable
8389 j. A fix was made to the command builtin so that it did not turn on the
8390 `no fork' flag inappropriately.
8392 k. A fix was made to make `set -n' work more reliably.
8394 l. A fix was made to the job control initialization code so that the
8395 terminal process group is set to the shell's process group if the
8396 shell changes its own process group.
8398 2. Changes to Readline
8400 a. System-specific changes for: SCO 3.2v[45].
8402 b. The behavior of the vi-mode `.' when redoing an `i' command was changed
8403 to insert the text previously inserted by the `i' command rather than
8404 simply entering insert mode.
8406 3. New features in Bash
8408 a. There is a new version of the autoload function package, in
8409 examples/functions/autoload.v2, that uses arrays and provides more
8412 b. Support for LC_COLLATE and locale-specific sorting of the results of
8413 pathname expansion if strcoll() is available.
8415 4. New Features in Readline
8417 a. Support for locale-specific sorting of completion possibilities if
8418 strcoll() is available.
8420 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8421 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta2,
8422 and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta1.
8426 a. `pushd -' is once again equivalent to `pushd $OLDPWD'.
8428 b. OS-specific changes for: SCO 3.2v[45].
8430 c. A change was made to the fix for the recently-reported security hole
8431 when reading characters with octal value 255 to make it work better on
8432 systems with restartable system calls when not using readline.
8434 d. Some changes were made to the test suite so that it works if you
8435 configure bash with --enable-usg-echo-default.
8437 e. A fix was made to the parsing of conditional arithmetic expressions.
8439 f. Illegal arithmetic bases now cause an arithmetic evaluation error rather
8440 than being silently reset.
8442 g. Multiple arithmetic bases now cause an arithmetic evaluation error
8443 instead of being ignored.
8445 h. A fix was made to the evaluation of ${param?word} to conform to POSIX.2.
8447 i. A bug that sometimes caused array indices to be evaluated twice (which
8448 would cause errors when they contained assignment statements) was fixed.
8450 j. `ulimit' was rewritten to avoid problems with getrlimit(2) returning
8451 unsigned values and to simplify the code.
8453 k. A bug in the command-oriented-history code that caused it to sometimes
8454 put semicolons after right parens inappropriately was fixed.
8456 l. The values inserted into the prompt by the \w and \W escape sequences
8457 are now quoted to prevent further expansion.
8459 m. An interactive shell invoked as `sh' now reads and executes commands
8460 from the file named by $ENV when it starts up. If it's a login shell,
8461 it does this after reading /etc/profile and ~/.profile.
8463 n. The file named by $ENV is never read by non-interactive shells.
8465 2. Changes to Readline
8467 a. A few changes were made to hide some macros and functions that should not
8470 b. An off-by-one error that caused seg faults in the history expansion code
8473 3. New Features in Bash
8475 a. The ksh-style ((...)) arithmetic command was implemented. It is exactly
8476 identical to let "...". This is controlled by a new option to configure,
8477 `--enable-dparen-arithmetic', which is on by default.
8479 b. There is a new #define available in config.h.top: SYS_BASH_LOGOUT. If
8480 defined to a filename, bash reads and executes commands from that file
8481 when a login shell exits. It's commented out by default.
8483 c. `ulimit' has a `-l' option that reports the maximum amount of data that
8484 may be locked into memory on 4.4BSD-based systems.
8486 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8487 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta1,
8488 and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha4.
8492 a. A bug that sometimes caused traps to be ignored on signals the
8493 shell treats specially was fixed.
8495 b. The internationalization code was changed to track the values of
8496 LC_* variables and call setlocale() as appropriate. The TEXTDOMAIN
8497 and TEXTDOMAINDIR variables are also tracked; changes cause calls
8498 to textdomain() and bindtextdomain(), if available.
8500 c. A bug was fixed that sometimes caused double-quoted strings to be
8503 d. Changes were made so that the siglist code compiles correctly on
8506 e. Added `:' to the set of characters that cause word breaks for the
8507 completion code so that pathnames in assignments to $PATH can be
8510 f. The `select' command was fixed to print $PS3 to stderr.
8512 g. Fixed an error in the manual page section describing the effect that
8513 setting and unsetting GLOBIGNORE has on the setting of the `dotglob'
8516 h. The time conversion code now uses CLK_TCK rather than CLOCKS_PER_SEC
8517 on systems without gettimeofday() and resources.
8519 i. The getopt static variables are now initialized each time a subshell
8520 is started, so subshells using `getopts' work right.
8522 j. A sign-extension bug that caused a possible security hole was fixed.
8524 k. The parser now reads characters between backquotes within a double-
8525 quoted string as a single word, so double quotes in the backquoted
8526 string don't terminate the enclosing double-quoted string.
8528 l. A bug that caused `^O' to work incorrectly when typed as the first
8529 thing to an interactive shell was fixed.
8531 m. A rarely-exercised off-by-one error in the code that quotes variable
8534 n. Some memory and file descriptor leaks encountered when running a
8535 shell script that is executable but does not have a leading `#!'
8538 2. Changes to Readline
8540 a. A bug that sometimes caused incorrect results when trying to read
8541 typeahead on systems without FIONREAD was fixed.
8543 3. New Features in Bash
8545 a. The command timing code now uses the value of the TIMEFORMAT variable
8546 to format and display timing statistics.
8548 b. The `time' reserved word now accepts a `-p' option to force the
8549 POSIX.2 output format.
8551 c. There are a couple of new and updated scripts to convert csh startup
8552 files to bash format.
8554 d. There is a new builtin array variable: BASH_VERSINFO. The various
8555 members hold the parts of the version information in BASH_VERSION,
8556 plus the value of MACHTYPE.
8558 4. New Features in Readline
8560 a. Setting LANG to `en_US.ISO8859-1' now causes readline to enter
8563 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8564 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha4,
8565 and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha3.
8569 a. There is better detection of rsh connections on Solaris 2.
8571 b. Assignments to read-only variables preceding a command name are now
8572 variable assignment errors. Variable assignment errors cause
8573 non-interactive shells running in posix mode to exit.
8575 c. The word tokenizer was rewritten to handle nested quotes and pairs
8576 ('', "", ``, ${...}, $(...), $[...], $'...', $"...", <(...), >(...))
8577 correctly. Some of the parameter expansion code was updated as a
8580 d. A fix was made to `test' when given three arguments so that a binary
8581 operator is checked for first, before checking that the first argument
8584 e. 2''>/dev/null is no longer equivalent to 2>/dev/null.
8586 f. Parser error messages were regularized, and in most cases the name of
8587 the shell script being read by a non-interactive shell is not printed
8590 g. A fix was made to the completion code so that it no longer removes the
8591 text the user typed in some cases.
8593 h. The special glibc `getopt' environment variable is no longer put into
8594 the environment on machines with small values of ARG_MAX.
8596 i. The expansion of ${...} now follows the POSIX.2 rules for finding the
8599 j. The shell no longer displays spurious status messages for background
8600 jobs in shell scripts that complete successfully when the script is
8601 run from a terminal.
8603 k. `shopt -o' now correctly updates $SHELLOPTS.
8605 l. A bug that caused the $PATH searching code to return a non-executable
8606 file even when an executable file with the same name appeared later in
8609 m. The shell now does tilde expansions on unquoted `:~' in assignment
8610 statements when not in posix mode.
8612 n. Variable assignment errors when a command consists only of assignments
8613 now cause non-interactive shells to exit when in posix mode.
8615 o. If the variable in a `for' or `select' command is read-only, or not a
8616 legal shell identifier, a variable assignment error occurs.
8618 p. `test' now handles `-a' and `-o' as binary operators when three arguments
8619 are supplied, and correctly parses `( word )' as equivalent to `word'.
8621 q. `test' was fixed so that file names of the form /dev/fd/NN mean the same
8622 thing on all systems, even Linux.
8624 r. Fixed a bug in the globbing code that caused patterns with multiple
8625 consecutive `*'s to not be matched correctly.
8627 s. Fixed a bug that caused $PS2 to not be printed when an interactive shell
8628 not using readline is reading a here document.
8630 t. Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to be performed inappropriately
8631 when a single-quoted string spanned more than one line.
8633 u. `getopts' now checks that the variable name passed by the user as the
8634 second argument is a legal shell identifier and that the variable is
8637 v. Fixed `getopts' to obey POSIX.2 rules for setting $OPTIND when it
8638 encounters an error.
8640 w. Fixed `set' to display variable values in a form that can be re-read.
8642 x. Fixed a bug in the code that keeps track of whether or not local variables
8643 have been declared at the current level of function nesting.
8645 y. Non-interactive shells in posix mode now exit if the name in a function
8646 declaration is not a legal identifier.
8648 z. The job control code now ignores stopped children when the shell is not
8651 aa. The `cd' builtin no longer attempts spelling correction on the directory
8652 name if the shell is not interactive, regardless of the setting of the
8655 bb. Some OS-specific changes were made for SCO 3.2v[45] and AIX 4.2.
8657 cc. `time' now prints its output to stderr, as POSIX.2 specifies.
8659 2. Fixes to Readline
8661 a. After printing possible completions, all lines of a multi-line prompt
8664 b. Some changes were made to the terminal handling code in rltty.c to
8665 work around AIX 4.2 bugs.
8667 3. New Features in Bash
8669 a. There is a new loadable builtin: sprintf, with calling syntax
8670 sprintf var format [args]
8671 This provides an easy way to simulate ksh left- and right-justified
8674 b. The expansions of \h and \H in prompt strings were swapped. \h now
8675 expands to the hostname up to the first `.', as in bash-1.14.
8677 4. New Features in Readline
8679 a. The bash-1.14 behavior when ^M is typed while doing an incremental
8680 search was restored. ^J may now be used to terminate the search without
8683 b. There is a new bindable variable: disable-completion. This inhibits
8684 word completion and causes the completion character to be inserted as
8685 if it had been bound to self-insert.
8687 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8688 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha3,
8689 and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha2.
8691 There is now a file `COMPAT' included in the distribution that lists the
8692 user-visible incompatibilities between 1.14 and 2.0.
8696 a. Some work was done so that word splitting of the rhs of assignment
8697 statements conforms more closely to historical practice.
8699 b. A couple of errant memory frees were fixed.
8701 c. A fix was made to the test builtin so it recognizes `<' and `>' as
8704 d. The GNU malloc in lib/malloc/malloc.c now scrambles memory as it's
8705 allocated and freed. This is to catch callers that refer to freed
8706 memory or assume something about newly-allocated memory.
8708 e. Fixed a problem with conversion to 12-hour time in the prompt
8711 f. Fixed a problem with configure's argument parsing order. Now you can
8712 correctly turn on specific options after using --enable-minimal-config.
8714 g. The configure script now automatically disables the use of GNU malloc
8715 on systems where it's appropriate (better than having people read the
8716 NOTES file and do it manually).
8718 h. There are new prompt expansions (\v and \V) to insert version information
8719 into the prompt strings.
8721 i. The default prompt string now includes the version number.
8723 j. Most of the builtins that take no options were changed to use the
8724 internal getopt so they can produce proper error messages for -?
8725 and incorrect options.
8727 k. Some system-specific changes were made for SVR4.2 and Solaris 2.5.
8729 l. Bash now uses PATH_MAX instead of MAXPATHLEN and NAME_MAX instead of
8732 m. A couple of problems caused by uninitialized variables were fixed.
8734 n. There are a number of new loadable builtin examples: logname, basename,
8735 dirname, tty, pathchk, tee, head, and rmdir. All of these conform to
8738 o. Bash now notices changes in TZ and calls tzset() if present, so
8739 changing TZ will alter the time printed by prompt expansions.
8741 p. The source was reorganized a bit so I don't have to wait so long for
8742 some files to compile, and to facilitate the creation of a `shell
8743 library' at some future point.
8745 q. Bash no longer turns off job control if called as `sh', since the
8746 POSIX.2 spec includes job control as a standard feature.
8748 r. `bash -o posix' now works as intended.
8750 s. Fixed a problem with the completion code: when completing a filename
8751 that contained globbing characters, if show-all-if-ambiguous was set,
8752 the completion code would remove the user's text.
8754 t. Fixed ulimit so that (hopefully) the full range of limits is available
8757 u. A new `shopt' option (`hostcomplete') enables and disables hostname
8760 v. The shell no longer attempts to save the history on an abort(),
8761 which is usually called by programming_error().
8763 w. The `-s' option to `fc' was changed to echo the command to be executed
8764 to stderr instead of stdout.
8766 x. If the editor invoked by `fc -e' exits with a non-zero status, no
8767 commands are executed.
8769 y. Fixed a bug that made the shopt `histverify' option work incorrectly.
8771 z. There is a new variable `MACHTYPE' whose value is the GNU-style
8772 `cpu-company-system' system description as set by configure. (The
8773 values of MACHTYPE and HOSTTYPE should really be swapped.)
8775 aa. The `ulimit' builtin now allows the maximum virtual memory size to be
8776 set via setrlimit(2) if RLIMIT_VMEM is defined.
8778 bb. `bash -nc 'command'' no longer runs `command'.
8780 2. Changes to Readline
8782 a. Fixed a typo in the code that checked for FIONREAD in input.c.
8784 b. Fixed a bug in the code that outputs keybindings, so things like C-\
8785 are quoted properly.
8787 c. Fixed a bug in the inputrc file parsing code to handle the problems
8788 caused by inputrc files created from the output of `bind -p' in
8789 previous versions of bash. The problem was due to the bug fixed
8792 d. Readline no longer turns off the terminal's meta key, and turns it on
8793 once the first time it's called.
8795 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8796 This file documents the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha2,
8797 and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha.
8801 a. The shell no longer thinks directories are executable.
8803 b. `disown' has a new option, `h', which inhibits the resending of SIGHUP
8804 but does not remove the job from the jobs table.
8806 c. The varargs functions in error.c now use ANSI-C `stdarg' if available.
8808 d. The build process now treats the `build version' in .build as local to
8809 the build directory, so different versions built from the same source
8810 tree have different `build versions'.
8812 e. Some problems with the grammar have been fixed. (It used `list' in a few
8813 productions where `compound_list' was needed. A `list' must be terminated
8814 with a newline or semicolon; a `compound_list' need not be.)
8816 f. A fix was made to keep `wait' from hanging when waiting for all background
8819 g. `bash --help' now writes its output to stdout, like the GNU Coding Standards
8820 specify, and includes the machine type (the value of MACHTYPE).
8822 h. `bash --version' now prints more information and exits successfully, like
8823 the GNU Coding Standards specify.
8825 i. The output of `time' and `times' now prints fractional seconds with three
8826 places after the decimal point.
8828 j. A bug that caused process substitutions to screw up the pipeline printed
8829 by `jobs' was fixed.
8831 k. Fixes were made to the code that implements $'...' and $"..." so they
8834 l. The process substitution code now opens named pipes for reading with
8835 O_NONBLOCK to avoid hanging.
8837 m. Fixes were made to the trap code so the shell cleans up correctly if the
8838 trap command contains a `return' and we're executing a function or
8839 sourcing a script with `.'.
8841 n. Fixes to doc/Makefile.in so that it doesn't try to remake all of the
8842 documentation (ps, dvi, etc.) on a `make install'.
8844 o. Fixed an auto-increment error that caused bash -c args to sometimes dump
8847 p. Fixed a bug that caused $HISTIGNORE to fail when the history line
8848 contained globbing characters.
8850 2. Changes to Readline
8852 a. There is a new string variable, rl_library_version, available for use by
8853 applications. The current value is "2.1".
8855 b. A bug encountered when expand-tilde was enabled and file completion was
8856 attempted on a word beginning with `~/' was fixed.
8858 c. A slight change was made to the incremental search termination behavior.
8859 ESC still terminates the search, but if input is pending or arrives
8860 within 0.1 seconds (on systems with select(2)), it is used as a prefix
8861 character. This is intented to allow users to terminate searches with
8862 the arrow keys and get the behavior they expect.