1 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-rc2, and the
2 previous version, bash-4.3-rc1.
6 a. Fixed a bug that left variables set by printf -v marked as invisible.
8 b. Fixed an off-by-one error in a job control warning message.
10 c. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash after declaring a nameref variable
13 d. Fixed a bug that caused asynchronous commands to not set $? correctly.
15 e. Fixed a bug that caused out-of-order execution when executing aliases with
16 embedded newlines containing `.' commands.
18 f. Fixed a bug that caused error messages generated by expansion errors in
19 `for' commands to have the wrong line number.
21 g. Fixed a bug that caused the `wait' builtin to not be interruptible in an
22 interactive shell with job control enabled.
24 h. Fixed a bug that caused SIGINT and SIGQUIT to not be trappable in
25 asynchronous subshell commands.
27 i. Bash now requires that the value assigned to a nameref variable be a valid
28 shell identifier (variable name or array reference).
30 j. Converting an existing variable to a nameref variable now turns off the
31 -i/-l/-u/-c attributes.
33 k. Displaying a nameref variable with `declare -p' now displays the nameref
34 variable and its value rather than following the nameref chain.
36 l. Fixed a problem with interrupt handling that caused a second and subsequent
37 SIGINT to be ignored by interactive shells.
39 m. Fixed a bug that caused certain positional parameter and array expansions
40 to mishandle (discard) null positional parameters and array elements.
42 n. The shell no longer blocks receipt of signals while running trap handlers
43 for those signals, and allows most trap handlers to be run recursively
44 (running trap handlers while a trap handler is executing).
46 o. The shell now handles backslashes in regular expression arguments to the
47 [[ command's =~ operator slightly differently, resulting in more
50 2. Changes to Readline
52 a. Fixed a bug that could cause readline to crash and seg fault attempting to
53 expand an empty history entry.
55 b. Fixed a bug that caused a bad entry in the $LS_COLORS variable to abort all
56 color processing but leave color enabled.
58 c. Fixed a bug that caused display problems with multi-line prompts containing
59 invisible characters on multiple lines.
61 d. Fixed a bug that caused effects made by undoing changes to a history line to
64 3. New Features in Bash
66 4. New Features in Readline
68 a. When creating shared libraries on Mac OS X, the pathname written into the
69 library (install_name) no longer includes the minor version number.
70 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
71 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-rc1, and the
72 previous version, bash-4.3-beta2.
76 a. Fixed a bug in bash completion that caused a tilde to be expanded even if
77 the `direxpand' option was not enabled.
79 b. Fixed a potential bug that could cause corrupted input in interactive shells
80 running without line editing and with `ignoreeof' enabled.
82 c. Fixed a bug that could cause failures when opening pipes back to shells
83 created to run process substitutions.
85 d. Fixed a bug that caused an assignment to TEXTDOMAIN to require TEXTDOMAINDIR
86 to be set in order to actually change the current text domain.
88 e. Changed the way redirections are printed to avoid confusion when the target
89 of an output redirection is a process substitution beginning with `>'.
91 2. Changes to Readline
93 a. Shared library building is now supported on Mac OS X 10.9 (Darwin 13).
95 3. New Features in Bash
97 a. `cd' has a new `-@' option to browse a file's extended attributes on
98 systems that support O_XATTR.
100 4. New Features in Readline
102 a. There are additional default key bindings for MinGW32
104 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
105 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-beta2, and the
106 previous version, bash-4.3-beta.
110 a. Fixed a bug that caused assignment to an unset variable using a negative
111 subscript to result in a segmentation fault.
113 b. Fixed a bug that caused assignment to a string variable using a negative
114 subscript to use the incorrect index.
116 c. Fixed a bug that caused some strings to be interpreted as invalid
117 extended globbing expressions when used with the help builtin.
119 d. Fixed a bug that caused an attempt to trap a signal whose disposition
120 cannot be changed to reference uninitialized memory.
122 e. Command completion now skips assignment statements preceding a command
123 name and completes the command.
125 f. Fixed a bug that caused `compgen -f' in a non-interactive shell to dump
126 core under certain circumstances.
128 g. Fixed a bug that caused the `read -N' to misbehave when the input stream
131 2. Changes to Readline
133 a. Changed message when an incremental search fails to include "failed" in
134 the prompt and display the entire search string instead of just the last
137 b. Fixed a bug that caused an arrow key typed to an incremental search prompt
138 to process the key sequence incorrectly.
140 c. Additional key bindings for arrow keys on MinGW.
142 3. New Features in Bash
144 a. The help builtin now attempts substring matching (as it did through
145 bash-4.2) if exact string matching fails.
147 b. The fc builtin now interprets -0 as the current command line.
149 c. Completing directory names containing shell variables now adds a trailing
150 slash if the expanded result is a directory.
152 4. New Features in Readline
154 a. rl_change_environment: new application-settable variable that controls
155 whether or not Readline modifies the environment (currently readline
156 modifies only LINES and COLUMNS).
158 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
159 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-beta, and the
160 previous version, bash-4.3-alpha.
164 a. Fixed a bug in the prompt directory name "trimming" code that caused
165 memory corruption and garbled the results.
167 b. Fixed a bug that caused single quotes that resulted from $'...' quoting
168 in the replacement portion of a double-quoted ${word/pat/rep} expansion
169 to be treated as quote characters.
171 c. Fixed a bug that caused assignment statements preceding a command word to
172 result in assignment statements following a declaration command to not be
173 expanded like assignment statements.
175 d. Fixed a bug with variable search order in the presence of local variables
176 with the same name as variables in the temporary environment supplied to
179 e. Fixed a bug that caused constructs like 1<(2) to be interpreted as process
180 substitutions even in an arithmetic context.
182 f. Fixed several cases where `invisible' variables (variables with attributes
183 but no values, which are technically unset) were treated incorrectly.
185 g. Fixed a bug that caused group commands in pipelines that were not the
186 last element to not run the EXIT trap.
188 h. Fixed a bug that caused `unset -n' to not unset a nameref variable in
191 i. Fixed the nameref circular reference checking to be less strict and only
192 disallow a nameref variable with the same value as its name at the global
195 j. Fixed a bug that caused trap handlers to be executed recursively,
196 corrupting internal data structures.
198 k. Fixed a bug that could result in bash not compiling if certain options were
201 l. Fixed a bug that caused the arithmetic expansion code to attempt variable
202 assignments when operator precedence prohibited them.
204 m. Word expansions like ${foo##bar} now understand indirect variable references.
206 n. Fixed a bug that caused `declare -fp name' to not display a function
209 o. Fixed a bug that caused asynchronous child processes to modify the stdin
210 file pointer when bash was using it to read a script, which modified the
211 parent's value as well.
213 2. Changes to Readline
215 a. Fixed a bug in vi mode that caused the arrow keys to set the saved last
216 vi-mode command to the wrong value.
218 b. Fixed a bug that caused double-quoted strings to be scanned incorrectly
219 when being used as the value of a readline variable assignment.
221 c. Fixed a bug with vi mode that prevented `.' from repeating a command
222 entered on a previous line (command).
224 d. Fixed a bug that could cause completion to core dump if it was interrupted
227 e. Readline now sends the meta-key enable string to the terminal if the
228 terminal has been successfully initialized.
230 f. Readline now calls the signal hook after resizing the terminal when it
233 g. Fixed a bug that could cause the history list code to perform an out-of-
234 bounds array reference if the history list is empty.
236 3. New Features in Bash
238 a. Shells started to run process substitutions now run any trap set on EXIT.
240 b. There is now a configure-time option to enable the globasciiranges option
243 c. The read builtin now checks its first variable argument for validity before
244 trying to read any input.
246 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
247 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-alpha,
248 and the previous version, bash-4.2-release.
252 a. Fixed several bugs concerning incomplete bracket expressions in filename
253 generation (globbing) patterns.
255 b. Fixed a bug with single quotes and WORD in ${param op WORD} when running
258 c. Fixed a bug that caused the pattern removal and pattern substitution word
259 expansions and case statement word expansion to not match the empty string.
261 d. Fixed a bug that caused the tzset() function to not work after changing
262 the TZ enviroment variable.
264 e. Fixed a bug that caused the RHS of an assignment statement to undergo
265 word splitting when it contained an unquoted $@.
267 f. Fixed bugs that caused the shell to not react to a SIGINT sent while
268 waiting for a child process to exit.
270 g. Bash doesn't try to run things in a signal handler context when it gets a
271 signal (SIGINT/SIGHUP/etc) while reading input using readline but still
272 be responsive to terminating signals.
274 h. Fixed a bug that caused bash to go into an infinite loop if a filename
275 to be matched contained an invalid multibyte character.
277 i. Fixed a bug that caused PS4 to end up being truncated if it is longer
280 j. Fixed a bug that caused brace expansion to not skip over double-quoted
281 command substitution.
283 k. System-specific updates for: DJGPP, HP/UX, Mac OS X
285 l. Fixed a bug in displaying commands that caused redirections to be associated
286 with the wrong part of the command.
288 m. Fixed the coproc cleanup to unset the appropriate shell variables when a
291 n. Fixed a bug that caused `fc' to dump core due to incorrect calculation of
292 the last history entry.
294 o. Added workarounds for FreeBSD's implementation of faccessat/eaccess and
297 p. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not match patterns containing
300 q. Fixed a bug that could result in doubled error messages when the `printf'
301 builtin got a write error.
303 r. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not correctly expand words containing
304 multiple consecutive quoted empty strings (""""""aa).
306 s. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not correctly parse multi-line
307 process substitutions containing comments and quoted strings.
309 t. Fixed a problem with the bash malloc's internal idea of the top of the
310 memory heap that resulted in incorrect decisions to try to reduce the
311 break and give memory back to the kernel.
313 u. There are changes to the expansions peformed on compound array assignments,
314 in an effort to make foo=( [ind1]=bar [ind2]=baz ) identical to
315 foo[ind1]=bar foo[ind2]=baz.
317 v. Bash now reports an error if `read -a name' is used when `name' is an
318 existing associative array.
320 w. Fixed a bug that allowed an attempted assignment to a readonly variable
321 in an arithmetic expression to not return failure.
323 x. Fixed several bugs that caused completion functions to be invoked even when
324 the cursor was before the first word in the command.
326 y. Fixed a bug that caused parsing a command substitution to overwrite the
327 parsing state associated with the complete input line.
329 z. Fixed several bugs with the built-in snprintf replacement and field widths
332 aa. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect offset calculations and input buffer
333 corruption when reading files longer than 2^31 bytes.
335 bb. Fixed several bugs where bash performed arithmetic evaluation in contexts
336 where evaluation is suppressed.
338 cc. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close FIFOs used for process substitution
339 too early when a shell function was executing, but protect against using
340 all file descriptors when the shell functions are invoked inside loops.
342 dd. Added checks for printable (and non-printable) multibyte characters for
343 use in error messages.
345 ee. Fixed a bug that caused ^O (operate-and-get-next) to not work correctly
346 at the end of the history list.
348 ff. Fixed a bug that caused command-oriented history to incorrectly combine
349 here documents into one line.
351 gg. Fixed a bug that caused importing SHELLOPTS from the environment into a
352 Posix-mode shell to print an error message and refuse to parse it.
354 hh. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to delete an extra history entry when
357 ii. Fixed a bug that caused floating-point exceptions and overflow errors
358 for the / and % arithmetic operators when using INTMAX_MIN and -1.
360 jj. Fixed a bug that caused parsing errors when reading an arithmetic for
361 loop inside a command substitution.
363 kk. Fixed a bug that caused a readonly function to be unset when unset was
364 called without the -f or -v option.
366 ll. Fixed several bugs in the code that quotes characters special to regular
367 expressions when used in a quoted string on the RHS of the =~ operator
370 mm. Fixed a bug that caused redirections to fail because the file descriptor
371 limit was set to a value less than 10.
373 nn. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to execute code in a signal
374 handler context if read timed out.
376 oo. Fixed a bug that caused extended globbing patterns to not match files
377 beginning with `.' correctly when a `.' was explicitly supplied in the
380 pp. Fixed a bug that caused key sequences longer than two characters to not
381 work when used with `bind -x'.
383 qq. Fixed a bug that resulted in redefined functions having the wrong source
384 file names in BASH_SOURCE.
386 rr. Fixed a bug that caused the read builtin to assign null strings to variables
387 when using `read -N', which caused core dumps when referenced
389 ss. Fixed a bug that caused `bash -m script' to not enable job control while
392 tt. Fixed a bug that caused `printf -v var' to dump core when used with the
395 uu. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit with the wrong status if -e was
396 active and the shell exited on a substitution error.
398 vv. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to seg fault if an array variable with
399 the same name as an existing associative array was implicitly created by
400 an assignment (declare a[n]=b).
402 ww. Fixed a bug that caused a redirection to misbehave if the number specified
403 for a file descriptor overflows an intmax_t.
405 xx. Fixed several bugs with the handling of valid and invalid unicode character
406 values when used with the \u and \U escape sequences to printf and $'...'.
408 yy. Fixed a bug that caused tildes to not be escaped in expanded filenames,
409 making them subject to later expansion.
411 zz. When using the pattern substitution word expansion, bash now runs the
412 replacement string through quote removal, since it allows quotes in that
413 string to act as escape characters. This is not backwards compatible, so
414 it can be disabled by setting the bash compatibility mode to 4.2.
416 aaa. Fixed the rest of the cases where the shell runs non-allowed code in a
417 signal handler context.
419 bbb. Fixed a bug that caused spurious DEL characters (\177) to appear in
420 double-quoted expansion where the RHS is evaluated to the empty string.
422 ccc. Fixed a bug that caused the use of the shell's internal random number
423 generator for temporary file names to perturb the random number
426 ddd. Fixed several bugs that caused `declare -g' to not set the right global
427 variables or to misbehave when declaring global indexed arrays.
429 eee. Fixed a logic bug that caused extended globbing in a multibyte locale to
430 cause failures when using the pattern substititution word expansions.
432 fff. Fixed a bug that caused the `lastpipe' option to corrupt the file
433 descriptor used to read the script.
435 ggg. Fixed a bug that causes the shell to delete DEL characters in the
436 expanded value of variables used in the same quoted string as variables
437 that expand to nothing.
439 hhh. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to assign the wrong value from an
440 assignment like (( x=7 )) when `x' was an existing array variable.
442 iii. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to misbehave when generating sequences
443 and the boundary values overflow an intmax_t.
445 jjj. Fixed a bug caused expansion errors if an expansion of "$@" appeared
446 next to another expansion (e.g.. "${@}${x}").
448 kkk. Fixed a potential buffer overflow bug when performing /dev/fd expansion.
450 lll. Fixed a bug that resulted in an extra semicolon being added to compound
451 assignments when they were added to the history list.
453 mmm. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to read one extra line from the input.
455 nnn. Fixed a bug that caused the mail checking code to use uninitialized
458 ooo. Fixed a bug that prevented history timestamps from being saved if the
459 history comment character is unset.
461 ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the case-modifying expansions to not work with
462 multibyte characters.
464 qqq. Fixed a bug that caused the edit-and-execute bindable readline command
465 to see the wrong data if invoked in the middle of a multi-line quoted
468 rrr. Fixed a bug that resulted in the shell returning the wrong exit status
469 for a background command on systems that recycle PIDs very quickly.
471 sss. Fixed a bug that caused asynchronous group commands to not run any EXIT
472 trap defined in the body of the command.
474 ttt. Fixed a bug that caused `eval "... ; return"' to not clean up properly.
476 uuu. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core if `read' reads an escaped
477 IFS whitespace character.
479 vvv. Fixed a bug that caused BASH_COMMAND to be set to an incorrect value when
480 executing a (...) subshell.
482 www. Fixed a couple of pointer aliasing bugs with the token string in arithmetic
485 xxx. Fixed a bug with parsing multi-line command substitutions when reading
486 the `do' keyword followed by whitespace.
488 yyy. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to seg fault if the time given to the
489 printf %(...)T format overflowed the value accepted by localtime(3).
491 zzz. Fixed a problem with displaying help topics in two columns when the
492 translated text contained multibyte characters.
494 aaaa. Fixed a bug with the extended globbing pattern matcher where a `*' was
495 followed by a negated extended glob pattern.
497 bbbb. Fixed a race condition with short-lived coproc creation and reaping that
498 caused the child process to be reaped before the various coproc shell
499 variables were initialized.
501 cccc. Fixed a bug where turning off `errexit' in command substitution subshells
502 was not reflected in $SHELLOPTS.
504 dddd. Partially fixed an inconsistency in how the shell treated shell
505 functions run from an EXIT trap.
507 eeee. Fixed a bug in how the shell invalidated FIFOs used for process
508 substitution when executing a pipeline (once rather than in every child).
510 ffff. Fixed a bug that occurred when expanding a special variable ($@, $*)
511 within double quotes and the expansion resulted in an empty string.
513 gggg. Fixed bugs with executing a SIGCHLD trap handler to make sure that it's
514 executed once per exited child.
516 hhhh. Fixed a bug that caused `declare' and `test' to find variables that
517 had been given attributes but not assigned values. Such variables are
520 iiii. Fixed a bug that caused commands in process substitutions to not look in
521 the local temporary environment when performing word expansions.
523 jjjj. Fixed several problems with globstar expansions (**/**) returning null
524 filenames and multiple instances of the same pathname.
526 kkkk. Fixed an oversight that did not allow the exit status of `coproc' to
527 be inverted using `!'.
529 llll. Fixed a bug that caused the -e option to be re-enabled using `set -e'
530 even when executing in a context where -e is ignored.
532 mmmm. Fixed a (mostly theoretical) bug with input lines longer than SIZE_MAX.
534 nnnn. Fixed a bug that could result in double evaluation of command
535 substitutions when they appear in failed redirections.
537 oooo. Fixed a bug that could cause seg faults during `mapfile' callbacks if
538 the callback unsets the array variable mapfile is using.
540 pppp. Fixed several problems with variable assignments using ${var:=value}
541 when the variable assignment is supposed to have side effects.
543 qqqq. Fixed a bug that caused a failure of an assignment statement preceding a
544 builtin caused the next invocation of a special builtin to exit the shell.
546 rrrr. Fixed several problems with IFS when it appears in the temporary environment
547 and is used in redirections.
549 ssss. Fixed a problem that caused IFS changes using ${IFS:=value} to modify
550 how preceding expansions were split.
552 tttt. Fixed a problem that caused subshells to not run an EXIT trap they set.
554 uuuu. Fixed a problem that caused shells started in posix mode to attempt to
555 import shell functions with invalid names from the environment. We now
558 vvvv. Worked around a kernel problem that caused SIGCHLD to interrupt open(2)
559 on a FIFO used for process substitution, even if the SIGCHLD handler was
560 installed with the SA_RESTART flag.
562 wwww. Fixed a problem that resulted in inconsistent expansion of $* and ${a[*]}.
564 xxxx. Fixed a problem that caused `read -t' to crash when interrupted by
567 yyyy. Fixed a problem that caused pattern removal to fail randomly because the
568 pattern matcher read beyond the end of a string.
570 zzzz. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when shell functions tried to create
571 local shadow copies of special variables like GROUPS.
573 aaaaa. Fixed a bug that caused SIGTERM to be occasionally lost by children of
574 interactive shells when it arrived before the child process reset the
575 handler from SIG_DFL.
577 bbbbb. Fixed a bug that caused redirections like <&n- to leave file descriptor
578 n closed if executed with a builtin command.
580 ccccc. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect completion quoting when completing a
581 word containing a globbing character with `show-all-if-ambiguous' set.
583 ddddd. Fixed a bug that caused printf's %q format specifier not to quote a
584 tilde even if it appeared in a location where it would be subject to
587 2. Changes to Readline
589 a. Fixed a bug that did not allow the `dd', `cc', or `yy' vi editing mode
590 commands to work on the entire line.
592 b. Fixed a bug that caused redisplay problems with prompts longer than 128
593 characters and history searches.
595 c. Fixed a bug that caused readline to try and run code to modify its idea
596 of the screen size in a signal handler context upon receiving a SIGWINCH.
598 d. Fixed a bug that caused the `meta' key to be enabled beyond the duration
599 of an individual call top readline().
601 e. Added a workaround for a wcwidth bug in Mac OS X that caused readline's
602 redisplay to mishandle zero-width combining characters.
604 f. Fixed a bug that caused readline to `forget' part of a key sequence when
605 a multiple-key sequence caused it to break out of an incremental search.
607 g. Fixed bugs that caused readline to execute code in a signal handler
608 context if interrupted while reading from the file system during completion.
610 h. Fixed a bug that caused readline to `forget' part of a key sequence when
611 reading an unbound multi-character key sequence.
613 i. Fixed a bug that caused Readline's signal handlers to be installed beyond
614 the bounds of a single call to readline().
616 j. Fixed a bug that caused the `.' command to not redo the most recent `R'
619 k. Fixed a bug that caused ignoring case in completion matches to result in
620 readline using the wrong match.
622 l. Paren matching now works in vi insert mode.
624 m. Fix menu-completion to make show-all-if-ambiguous and menu-complete-display-prefix
627 n. Fixed a bug that didn't allow the `cc', `dd', or `yy' commands to be redone
630 o. Fixed a bug that caused the filename comparison code to not compare
631 multibyte characters correctly when using case-sensitive or case-mapping
634 p. Fixed the input reading loop to call the input hook function only when there
635 is no terminal input available.
637 q. Fixed a bug that caused binding a macro to a multi-character key sequence
638 where the sequence and macro value share a common prefix to not perform
639 the macro replacement.
641 r. Fixed several redisplay errors with multibyte characters and prompts
642 containing invisible characters when using horizontal scrolling.
644 s. Fixed a bug that caused redisplay errors when trying to overwrite
645 existing characters using multibyte characters.
647 3. New Features in Bash
649 a. The `helptopic' completion action now maps to all the help topics, not just
652 b. The `help' builtin no longer does prefix substring matching, so `help read'
653 does not match `readonly'.
655 c. The shell can be compiled to not display a message about processes that
656 terminate due to SIGTERM.
658 d. Non-interactive shells now react to the setting of checkwinsize and set
659 LINES and COLUMNS after a foreground job exits.
661 e. There is a new shell option, `globasciiranges', which, when set to on,
662 forces globbing range comparisons to use character ordering as if they
663 were run in the C locale.
665 f. There is a new shell option, `direxpand', which makes filename completion
666 expand variables in directory names in the way bash-4.1 did.
668 g. In Posix mode, the `command' builtin does not change whether or not a
669 builtin it shadows is treated as an assignment builtin.
671 h. The `return' and `exit' builtins accept negative exit status arguments.
673 i. The word completion code checks whether or not a filename containing a
674 shell variable expands to a directory name and appends `/' to the word
675 as appropriate. The same code expands shell variables in command names
676 when performing command completion.
678 j. In Posix mode, it is now an error to attempt to define a shell function
679 with the same name as a Posix special builtin.
681 k. When compiled for strict Posix conformance, history expansion is disabled
684 l. The history expansion character (!) does not cause history expansion when
685 followed by the closing quote in a double-quoted string.
687 m. `complete' and its siblings compgen/compopt now takes a new `-o noquote'
688 option to inhibit quoting of the completions.
690 n. Setting HISTSIZE to a value less than zero causes the history list to be
691 unlimited (setting it 0 zero disables the history list).
693 o. Setting HISTFILESIZE to a value less than zero causes the history file size
694 to be unlimited (setting it to 0 causes the history file to be truncated
697 p. The `read' builtin now skips NUL bytes in the input.
699 q. There is a new `bind -X' option to print all key sequences bound to Unix
702 r. When in Posix mode, `read' is interruptible by a trapped signal. After
703 running the trap handler, read returns 128+signal and throws away any
704 partially-read input.
706 s. The command completion code skips whitespace and assignment statements
707 before looking for the command name word to be completed.
709 t. The build process has a new mechanism for constructing separate help files
710 that better reflects the current set of compilation options.
712 u. The -nt and -ot options to test now work with files with nanosecond
713 timestamp resolution.
715 v. The shell saves the command history in any shell for which history is
716 enabled and HISTFILE is set, not just interactive shells.
718 w. The shell has `nameref' variables and new -n(/+n) options to declare and
719 unset to use them, and a `test -R' option to test for them.
721 x. The shell now allows assigning, referencing, and unsetting elements of
722 indexed arrays using negative subscripts (a[-1]=2, echo ${a[-1]}) which
723 count back from the last element of the array.
725 y. The {x}<word redirection feature now allows words like {array[ind]} and
726 can use variables with special meanings to the shell (e.g., BASH_XTRACEFD).
728 z. There is a new CHILD_MAX special shell variable; its value controls the
729 number of exited child statues the shell remembers.
731 aa. There is a new configuration option (--enable-direxpand-default) that
732 causes the `direxpand' shell option to be enabled by default.
734 bb. Bash does not do anything special to ensure that the file descriptor
735 assigned to X in {x}<foo remains open after the block containing it
738 cc. The `wait' builtin has a new `-n' option to wait for the next child to
741 dd. The `printf' %(...)T format specifier now uses the current time if no
742 argument is supplied.
744 ee. There is a new variable, BASH_COMPAT, that controls the current shell
747 ff. The `popd' builtin now treats additional arguments as errors.
749 gg. The brace expansion code now treats a failed sequence expansion as a
750 simple string and will continue to expand brace terms in the remainder
753 4. New Features in Readline
755 a. Readline is now more responsive to SIGHUP and other fatal signals when
756 reading input from the terminal or performing word completion but no
757 longer attempts to run any not-allowable functions from a signal handler
760 b. There are new bindable commands to search the history for the string of
761 characters between the beginning of the line and the point
762 (history-substring-search-forward, history-substring-search-backward)
764 c. Readline allows quoted strings as the values of variables when setting
765 them with `set'. As a side effect, trailing spaces and tabs are ignored
766 when setting a string variable's value.
768 d. The history library creates a backup of the history file when writing it
769 and restores the backup on a write error.
771 e. New application-settable variable: rl_filename_stat_hook: a function called
772 with a filename before using it in a call to stat(2). Bash uses it to
773 expand shell variables so things like $HOME/Downloads have a slash
776 f. New bindable function `print-last-kbd-macro', prints the most-recently-
777 defined keyboard macro in a reusable format.
779 g. New user-settable variable `colored-stats', enables use of colored text
780 to denote file types when displaying possible completions (colored analog
783 h. New user-settable variable `keyseq-timout', acts as an inter-character
784 timeout when reading input or incremental search strings.
786 i. New application-callable function: rl_clear_history. Clears the history list
787 and frees all readline-associated private data.
789 j. New user-settable variable, show-mode-in-prompt, adds a characters to the
790 beginning of the prompt indicating the current editing mode.
792 k. New application-settable variable: rl_input_available_hook; function to be
793 called when readline detects there is data available on its input file
796 l. Readline calls an application-set event hook (rl_signal_event_hook) after
797 it gets a signal while reading input (read returns -1/EINTR but readline
798 does not handle the signal immediately) to allow the application to handle
799 or otherwise note it. Not currently called for SIGHUP or SIGTERM.
801 m. If the user-settable variable `history-size' is set to a value less than
802 0, the history list size is unlimited.
804 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
805 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-release,
806 and the previous version, bash-4.2-rc2.
810 a. Fixed a bug that caused some variables to be clobbered by a longjmp,
811 resulting in stack corruption.
813 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
814 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-rc2,
815 and the previous version, bash-4.2-rc1.
819 a. Changes to bash_directory_completion_hook so that it's assigned to the
820 readline rl_directory_rewrite_hook variable, which modifies the directory
821 name passed to opendir without modifying the directory name the user
824 b. Fixed bug in select builtin that caused it to not terminate correctly if
825 the read timed out due to $TMOUT.
827 c. Fixed a problem that resulted in non-repeatable sequences of random
828 numbers when RANDOM=0.
830 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
831 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-rc1,
832 and the previous version, bash-4.2-beta.
836 a. Fixed a bug that caused some redirection errors to leak file descriptors.
838 b. Fixed a bug that caused unary `+' and `-' arithmetic operators to have a
839 higher precedence than unary `!' and `~'.
841 c. Fixed a bug that caused simple commands in a pipeline to affect the exit
842 status ($?) seen by subsequent pipeline commands.
844 d. A number of cygwin-specific changes to avoid the use of text-mode files
845 and file access, and to make sure that \r is handled correctly.
847 e. Fixed a bug that caused the read builtin to not return failure if an
848 attempt is made to assign to a readonly variable.
850 f. Fixed a bug that caused some builtin usage messages to not be translated.
852 g. Fixed a bug that caused the getopts builtin to not return failure if an
853 attempt is made to assign to a readonly variable. Now it returns 2.
855 h. Fixed the cd and pwd builtins to return failure if PWD is readonly and
856 cannot be assigned to.
858 i. Added code to check the return value of access(2) on Solaris systems,
859 since it returns success for executable tests (e.g., `test -x') when
860 run by root, even if the file permissions don't allow execution.
862 2. Changes to Readline
864 a. Fixed a bug that caused directory names in words to be completed to not
865 be dequoted correctly.
867 3. New Features in Bash
869 4. New Features in Readline
871 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
872 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-beta,
873 and the previous version, bash-4.2-alpha.
877 a. Fixed a bug that caused the \W prompt string escape to not add a closing
880 b. Fixed a bug that caused partially-quoted words that were not subject to
881 word splitting to retained quoted NULLs.
883 c. Added considerable efficiency speedups when pattern matching in multibyte
884 locales by skipping multibyte character functions where possible.
886 d. Added considerable speedups to variable expansion when in multibyte locales.
888 e. Fixed a bug that caused the expansion of $* when there are no positional
889 parameters to cause the shell to dump core when used in a pattern
892 f. Fixed a bug that caused variable expansions preceding regular builtins to
893 not change the shell environment during their execution.
895 2. Changes to Readline
897 a. Fixed a bug that made an explicit argument of 0 to yank-last-arg behave
898 as if it were a negative argument.
900 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
901 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-alpha,
902 and the previous version, bash-4.1-release.
906 a. Fixed a bug in the parser when processing alias expansions containing
909 b. Fixed a memory leak in associative array expansion.
911 c. Fixed a bug that caused quoted here-strings to be requoted when printed.
913 d. Fixed a bug in arithmetic expansion that caused the index in an array
914 expansion to be evaluated twice under certain circumstances.
916 e. Fixed several bugs with the expansion and display of variables that have
917 been given attributes but not values and are technically unset.
919 f. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when using filename completion that
920 expands to a filename containing a globbing character.
922 g. Fixed a bug that caused assignment statements preceding a special builtin
923 when running in Posix mode to not persist after the builtin completed
924 when the special builtin was executed in a shell function without any
927 h. Fixed a bug that caused a command to remain in the hash table even after
928 `hash command' did not find anything if there was already an existing
931 i. Fixed several bugs caused by executing unsafe functions from a signal
932 handler in the cases where a signal handler is executed immediately
933 rather than setting a flag for later execution.
935 j. Fixed a bug that caused some internal flag variables to be set
936 incorrectly if `read -t' timed out.
938 k. Fixed a Posix compatibility issue by making sure that a backslash escaping
939 a `}' within a double-quoted ${...} parameter expansion is removed as part
940 of the parameter expansion.
942 l. Fixed a bug that caused execution of a trap to overwrite PIPESTATUS.
944 m. Fixed a bug that caused here documents to not be displayed correctly
945 when attached to commands inside compound commands.
947 n. Fixed a bug that caused the printf builtin to use the wrong precision
948 when using the `*' modifier.
950 o. Fixed a bug that caused an arriving SIGCHLD to interrupt output functions
951 like those invoked by echo or printf.
953 p. Changed to use a more robust mechanism than eaccess(2) when test is
954 checking filenames for execution permission.
956 q. Fixed a bug that caused spurious semicolons to be added into the command
957 history in certain cases.
959 r. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to free non-allocated memory when
960 unsetting element 0 of an associative array after it was assigned
963 s. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to dump core if using the `v'
964 vi editing command on a multi-line command.
966 t. Fixed a bug that left FIFOs opened by process substitutions open long
967 enough to potentially cause file descriptor exhaustion when running a
968 shell function or shell builtin.
970 u. Fixed a bug that caused the history expansion functions to not recognize
971 process substitution or extended glob patterns as single words.
973 v. Fixed a bug that caused restricted shells to set a restricted command's
974 exit status incorrectly.
976 w. Fixed a bug that caused bash to ignore the wrong set of filenames when
977 completing a command using the `complete-filename' readline command.
979 x. Fixed a bug that caused a -PID argument following a -s sig or -n sig to
980 not be interpreted as a signal specification.
982 y. Changed posix-mode behavior of a parse error in a `.' script or `eval'
983 command to exit the shell under Posix-specified conditions. Previous
984 versions printed a warning.
986 z. Fixed a bug in \W prompt expansion that resulted in incorrect expansion
987 in the event of overlapping strings.
989 aa. Fixed a bug that caused the := parameter expansion operator to return the
990 wrong value as the result of the expansion.
992 bb. When in Posix mode, a single quote is not treated specially in a
993 double-quoted ${...} expansion, unless the expansion operator is
994 # or % or the non-Posix `//', `^', and `,'. In particular, it does
995 not define a new quoting context. This is from Posix interpretation 221.
997 cc. Fixed a bug that inadvertently allowed program names containing slashes
998 to be entered into the command hash table.
1000 dd. Fixed a bug that caused the select builtin to incorrectly compute the
1001 display width of the arguments in the presence of multibyte characters.
1003 ee. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not change the xtrace file descriptor if
1004 BASH_XTRACEFD was found in the shell environment at startup.
1006 ff. Fixed a memory leak in the pattern removal parameter expansion.
1008 gg. Fixed a bug that caused SIGINT to fail to interrupt a nested loop if the
1009 loop was in a pipeline.
1011 hh. Fixed a problem in $(...) parsing that caused the parser to add an extra
1012 space to a here-document delimiter if the first word contained a `/'.
1014 ii. Fixed a bug that caused functions defined with the `function' reserved
1015 word to require braces around the function body.
1017 jj. Fixed a bug that caused bash to dump core when a variable expansion being
1018 used as an array subscript failed.
1020 kk. Fixed a bug that caused bash to dump core if the case-modification
1021 expansions were used on a variable with a null value.
1023 ll. Fixed a bug that caused partially-quoted strings to be split incorrectly
1024 if a variable with a null value was expanded within double quotes.
1026 mm. The pattern substitution word expansion has been sped up dramatically
1027 when running in a locale with multibyte characters.
1029 nn. Fixed a bug that caused history -a to not write the correct lines to
1030 the history file if all the new lines in the history list were added
1031 since the last time the history file was read or written.
1033 oo. Fixed a bug that caused completion of a word with an unclosed `` command
1034 substitution to set the prompt incorrectly.
1036 pp. Fixed a bug that caused extended globbing patterns in $HISTIGNORE or
1037 $GLOBIGNORE to be incorrectly scanned.
1039 qq. Fixed a bug caused by closing file descriptors 3-20 on shell startup. The
1040 shell now sets them to close-on-exec.
1042 rr. Fixed a bug that caused the exit status of `exec file' to be set incorrectly
1043 if `file' was a directory.
1045 ss. Fixed a bug in the `.' builtin to make a non-interactive posix-mode shell
1046 exit if the file argument to `.' is not found. Prefixing exec with
1047 `command' makes the shell not exit. Posix requires this behavior.
1049 tt. Fixed a bug that caused `sh -c 'command exec; exit 1' to hang.
1051 uu. Fixed a bug in $(...) command substitution parsing that caused the shell
1052 to treat backslash-newline incorrectly when parsing a comment.
1054 vv. Fixed bug that caused brace expansion sequence generation to misbehave
1055 when supplied integers greater than 2**31 - 1.
1057 ww. Fixed a bug that caused failure to save file descriptors for redirections
1058 to corrupt shell file descriptors.
1060 xx. Fixed a bug that caused bash-forward-shellword to not correctly handle
1063 2. Changes to Readline
1065 a. Fixed a bug that caused the unconverted filename to be added to the list of
1066 completions when the application specified filename conversion functions.
1068 b. Fixed a bug that caused the wrong filename to be passed to opendir when the
1069 application has specified a filename dequoting function.
1071 c. Fixed a bug when repeating a character search in vi mode in the case where
1072 there was no search to repeat.
1074 d. When show-all-if-ambiguous is set, the completion routines no longer insert
1075 a common match prefix that is shorter than the text being completed.
1077 e. The full set of vi editing commands may now be used in callback mode.
1079 f. Fixed a bug that caused readline to not update its idea of the terminal
1080 dimensions while running in `no-echo' mode.
1082 h. Fixed a bug that caused readline to dump core if an application called
1083 rl_prep_terminal without setting rl_instream.
1085 i. Fixed a bug that caused meta-prefixed characters bound to incremental
1086 search forward or backward to not be recognized if they were typed
1089 j. The incremental search code treats key sequences that map to the same
1090 functions as (default) ^G, ^W, and ^Y as equivalent to those characters.
1092 k. Fixed a bug in menu-complete that caused it to misbehave with large
1095 l. Fixed a bug that caused vi-mode yank-last-arg to ring the bell when invoked
1096 at the end of the line.
1098 3. New Features in Bash
1100 a. `exec -a foo' now sets $0 to `foo' in an executable shell script without a
1103 b. Subshells begun to execute command substitutions or run shell functions or
1104 builtins in subshells do not reset trap strings until a new trap is
1105 specified. This allows $(trap) to display the caller's traps and the
1106 trap strings to persist until a new trap is set.
1108 c. `trap -p' will now show signals ignored at shell startup, though their
1109 disposition still cannot be modified.
1111 d. $'...', echo, and printf understand \uXXXX and \UXXXXXXXX escape sequences.
1113 e. declare/typeset has a new `-g' option, which creates variables in the
1114 global scope even when run in a shell function.
1116 f. test/[/[[ have a new -v variable unary operator, which returns success if
1117 `variable' has been set.
1119 g. Posix parsing changes to allow `! time command' and multiple consecutive
1120 instances of `!' (which toggle) and `time' (which have no cumulative
1123 h. Posix change to allow `time' as a command by itself to print the elapsed
1124 user, system, and real times for the shell and its children.
1126 j. $((...)) is always parsed as an arithmetic expansion first, instead of as
1127 a potential nested command substitution, as Posix requires.
1129 k. A new FUNCNEST variable to allow the user to control the maximum shell
1130 function nesting (recursive execution) level.
1132 l. The mapfile builtin now supplies a third argument to the callback command:
1133 the line about to be assigned to the supplied array index.
1135 m. The printf builtin has a new %(fmt)T specifier, which allows time values
1136 to use strftime-like formatting.
1138 n. There is a new `compat41' shell option.
1140 o. The cd builtin has a new Posix-mandated `-e' option.
1142 p. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays, previously errors, now are treated
1143 as offsets from the maximum assigned index + 1.
1145 q. Negative length specifications in the ${var:offset:length} expansion,
1146 previously errors, are now treated as offsets from the end of the variable.
1148 r. Parsing change to allow `time -p --'.
1150 s. Posix-mode parsing change to not recognize `time' as a keyword if the
1151 following token begins with a `-'. This means no more Posix-mode
1152 `time -p'. Posix interpretation 267.
1154 t. There is a new `lastpipe' shell option that runs the last command of a
1155 pipeline in the current shell context. The lastpipe option has no
1156 effect if job control is enabled.
1158 u. History expansion no longer expands the `$!' variable expansion.
1160 v. Posix mode shells no longer exit if a variable assignment error occurs
1161 with an assignment preceding a command that is not a special builtin.
1163 w. Non-interactive mode shells exit if -u is enabled and an attempt is made
1164 to use an unset variable with the % or # expansions, the `//', `^', or
1165 `,' expansions, or the parameter length expansion.
1167 x. Posix-mode shells use the argument passed to `.' as-is if a $PATH search
1168 fails, effectively searching the current directory. Posix-2008 change.
1170 4. New Features in Readline
1172 a. The history library does not try to write the history filename in the
1173 current directory if $HOME is unset. This closes a potential security
1174 problem if the application does not specify a history filename.
1176 b. New bindable variable `completion-display-width' to set the number of
1177 columns used when displaying completions.
1179 c. New bindable variable `completion-case-map' to cause case-insensitive
1180 completion to treat `-' and `_' as identical.
1182 d. There are new bindable vi-mode command names to avoid readline's case-
1183 insensitive matching not allowing them to be bound separately.
1185 e. New bindable variable `menu-complete-display-prefix' causes the menu
1186 completion code to display the common prefix of the possible completions
1187 before cycling through the list, instead of after.
1189 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1190 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.1-rc,
1191 and the previous version, bash-4.1-beta.
1195 a. Fixed a bug that caused printf to not return a partial value when it
1196 encountered an error while converting an integer argument.
1198 b. Fixed a bug that caused setting one of the compatNN options to not
1199 turn off the others.
1201 c. The (undocumented) --wordexp option is no longer included by default.
1203 d. Fixed a bug in conditional command execution that caused it to not
1204 correctly ignore the exit status under certain circumstances.
1206 e. Added a configure-time check for correctly-working asprintf/snprintf.
1208 f. Fixed some problems with line number calculation and display when sourcing
1209 a file in an interactive shell.
1211 g. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when using `declare -A foo=bar'.
1213 h. Fixed a bug that caused an off-by-one error when calculating the directories
1214 to display with the PROMPT_DIRTRIM option.
1216 2. Changes to Readline
1218 a. Fixed a bug that caused applications using the callback interface to not
1219 react to SIGINT (or other signals) until another character arrived.
1221 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1222 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.1-beta,
1223 and the previous version, bash-4.1-alpha.
1227 a. Fixed a bug in mapfile that caused the shell to crash if it was passed the
1228 name of an associative array.
1230 b. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to incorrectly split case patterns if
1231 they contained characters in $IFS.
1233 c. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to set $? to the wrong value when using
1234 a construct ending with a variable assignment with set -x enabled and PS4
1235 containing a command substitution.
1237 d. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to read commands incorrectly if an
1238 expansion error occurred under certain conditions in a user-specified
1241 e. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to set $? incorrectly if a parse error
1242 occurred in an evaluation context ("eval", trap command, dot script, etc.)
1244 f. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to attempt command substitution
1245 completion within a single-quoted string.
1247 g. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to insert an extra single quote during
1250 h. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash if invoked with the environment
1251 variable EMACS having a null value.
1253 i. Fixed a bug that caused bash to incorrectly report the presence of new
1254 mail in a `maildir' environment.
1256 j. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not recognize a here-document ending
1257 delimiter inside a command substitution.
1259 k. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when a a dynamic array variable
1260 was assigned a scalar value.
1262 2. Changes to Readline
1264 3. New Features in Bash
1266 a. The mapfile/readarray builtin no longer stores the commands it invokes via
1267 callbacks in the history list.
1269 b. There is a new `compat40' shopt option.
1271 c. The < and > operators to [[ do string comparisons using the current locale
1272 only if the compatibility level is greater than 40 (set to 41 by default).
1274 4. New Features in Readline
1276 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1277 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.1-alpha,
1278 and the previous version, bash-4.0-release.
1282 a. Fixed bugs in the parser involving new parsing of the commands contained
1283 in command substitution when the substitution is read.
1285 b. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing programmable
1286 completion using a shell function.
1288 c. Fixed a bug in `mapfile' that caused it to invoke callbacks at the wrong
1291 d. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when listing jobs in the
1294 e. Fixed several bugs encountered when reading subscripts in associative
1295 array assignments and expansions.
1297 f. Fixed a bug that under some circumstances caused an associative array to
1298 be converted to an indexed array.
1300 g. Fixed a bug that caused syntax errors and SIGINT interrupts to not set
1301 $? to a value > 128.
1303 h. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to remove FIFOs associated with process
1304 substitution inside shell functions.
1306 i. Fixed a bug that caused terminal attributes to not be reset when the
1307 `read' builtin timed out.
1309 j. Fixed a bug in brace expansion that caused unwanted zero padding of the
1312 k. Fixed a bug that prevented the |& construct from working as intended when
1313 used with a simple command with additional redirections.
1315 l. Fixed a bug with the case statment ;& terminator that caused the shell to
1316 dereference a NULL pointer.
1318 m. Fixed a bug that caused assignment statements or redirections preceding
1319 a simple command name to inhibit alias expansion.
1321 n. Fixed the behavior of `set -u' to conform to the latest Posix interpretation:
1322 every expansion of an unset variable except $@ and $* will cause the
1325 o. Fixed a bug that caused double-quoted expansions of $* inside word
1326 expansions like ${x#$*} to not expand properly when $IFS is empty.
1328 p. Fixed a bug that caused traps to set $LINENO to the wrong value when they
1331 q. Fixed a bug that caused off-by-one errors when computing history lines in
1334 r. Fixed a bug that caused some terminating signals to not exit the shell
1335 quickly enough, forcing the kernel to send the signal (e.g., SIGSEGV)
1338 s. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to attempt to add empty lines to the
1339 history list when reading here documents.
1341 t. Made some internal changes that dramatically speeds up sequential indexed
1344 u. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to write past the end of a string when
1345 completing a double-quoted string ending in a backslash.
1347 v. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to replace too many characters when a
1348 pattern match was null in a ${foo//bar} expansion.
1350 w. Fixed bugs in the expansion of ** that caused duplicate directory names
1351 and the contents of the current directory to be omitted.
1353 x. Fixed a bug that caused $? to not be set correctly when referencing an
1354 unset variable with set -u and set -e enabled.
1356 y. Fixed a bug caused by executing an external program from the DEBUG trap
1357 while a pipeline was running. The effect was to disturb the pipeline
1358 state, occasionally causing it to hang.
1360 z. Fixed a bug that caused the ** glob expansion to dump core if it
1361 encountered an unsearchable directory.
1363 aa. Fixed a bug that caused `command -v' and `command -V' to not honor the
1364 path set by the -p option.
1366 bb. Fixed a bug that caused brace expansion to take place too soon in some
1367 compound array assignments.
1369 cc. Fixed a bug that caused programmable completion functions' changes to
1370 READLINE_POINT to not be reflected back to readline.
1372 dd. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core if a trap was executed
1373 during a shell assignment statement.
1375 ee. Fixed an off-by-one error when computing the number of positional
1376 parameters for the ${@:0:n} expansion.
1378 ff. Fixed a problem with setting COMP_CWORD for programmable completion
1379 functions that could leave it set to -1.
1381 gg. Fixed a bug that caused the ERR trap to be triggered in some cases where
1382 `set -e' would not have caused the shell to exit.
1384 hh. Fixed a bug that caused changes made by `compopt' to not persist past the
1385 completion function in which compopt was executed.
1387 ii. Fixed a bug that caused the list of hostname completions to not be cleared
1388 when HOSTNAME was unset.
1390 jj. Fixed a bug that caused variable expansion in here documents to look in
1391 any temporary environment.
1393 kk. Bash and readline can now convert file names between precomposed and
1394 decomposed Unicode on Mac OS X ("keyboard" and file system forms,
1395 respectively). This affects filename completion (using new
1396 rl_filename_rewrite_hook), globbing, and readline redisplay.
1398 ll. The ERR and EXIT traps now see a non-zero value for $? when a parser
1399 error after set -e has been enabled causes the shell to exit.
1401 mm. Fixed a bug that in brace expansion that caused zero-prefixed terms to
1402 not contain the correct number of digits.
1404 nn. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to free non-allocated memory when
1405 unsetting an associative array which had had a value implicitly assigned
1408 oo. Fixed a memory leak in the ${!prefix@} expansion.
1410 pp. Fixed a bug that caused printf to not correctly report all write errors.
1412 qq. Fixed a bug that caused single and double quotes to act as delimiters
1413 when splitting a command line into words for programmable completion.
1415 rr. Fixed a bug that caused ** globbing that caused **/path/* to match every
1416 directory, not just those matching `path'.
1418 ss. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when running `help' without
1419 arguments if the terminal width was fewer than 7 characters.
1421 2. Changes to Readline
1423 a. The SIGWINCH signal handler now avoids calling the redisplay code if
1424 one arrives while in the middle of redisplay.
1426 b. Changes to the timeout code to make sure that timeout values greater
1427 than one second are handled better.
1429 c. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code that was triggered by a prompt
1430 containing invisible characters exactly the width of the screen.
1432 d. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code encountered when running in horizontal
1435 e. Fixed a bug that prevented menu completion from properly completing
1438 f. Fixed a redisplay bug caused by a multibyte character causing a line to
1441 g. Fixed a bug that caused key sequences of two characters to not be
1442 recognized when a longer sequence identical in the first two characters
1445 h. Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to be attempted on $'...'
1446 single-quoted strings.
1448 i. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect redisplay when the prompt contained
1449 multibyte characters in an `invisible' sequence bracketed by \[ and
1452 j. Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to short-circuit after
1453 encountering a multibyte character.
1455 3. New Features in Bash
1457 a. Here-documents within $(...) command substitutions may once more be
1458 delimited by the closing right paren, instead of requiring a newline.
1460 b. Bash's file status checks (executable, readable, etc.) now take file
1461 system ACLs into account on file systems that support them.
1463 c. Bash now passes environment variables with names that are not valid
1464 shell variable names through into the environment passed to child
1467 d. The `execute-unix-command' readline function now attempts to clear and
1468 reuse the current line rather than move to a new one after the command
1471 e. `printf -v' can now assign values to array indices.
1473 f. New `complete -E' and `compopt -E' options that work on the "empty"
1474 completion: completion attempted on an empty command line.
1476 g. New complete/compgen/compopt -D option to define a `default' completion:
1477 a completion to be invoked on command for which no completion has been
1478 defined. If this function returns 124, programmable completion is
1479 attempted again, allowing a user to dynamically build a set of completions
1480 as completion is attempted by having the default completion function
1481 install individual completion functions each time it is invoked.
1483 h. When displaying associative arrays, subscripts are now quoted.
1485 i. Changes to dabbrev-expand to make it more `emacs-like': no space appended
1486 after matches, completions are not sorted, and most recent history entries
1487 are presented first.
1489 j. The [[ and (( commands are now subject to the setting of `set -e' and the
1492 k. The source/. builtin now removes NUL bytes from the file before attempting
1495 l. There is a new configuration option (in config-top.h) that forces bash to
1496 forward all history entries to syslog.
1498 m. A new variable $BASHOPTS to export shell options settable using `shopt' to
1501 n. There is a new confgure option that forces the extglob option to be
1504 o. New variable $BASH_XTRACEFD; when set to an integer bash will write xtrace
1505 output to that file descriptor.
1507 p. If the optional left-hand-side of a redirection is of the form {var}, the
1508 shell assigns the file descriptor used to $var or uses $var as the file
1509 descriptor to move or close, depending on the redirection operator.
1511 q. The < and > operators to the [[ conditional command now do string
1512 comparison according to the current locale.
1514 r. Programmable completion now uses the completion for `b' instead of `a'
1515 when completion is attempted on a line like: a $(b c.
1517 s. Force extglob on temporarily when parsing the pattern argument to
1518 the == and != operators to the [[ command, for compatibility.
1520 t. Changed the behavior of interrupting the wait builtin when a SIGCHLD is
1521 received and a trap on SIGCHLD is set to be Posix-mode only.
1523 u. The read builtin has a new `-N nchars' option, which reads exactly NCHARS
1524 characters, ignoring delimiters like newline.
1526 4. New Features in Readline
1528 a. New bindable function: menu-complete-backward.
1530 b. In the vi insertion keymap, C-n is now bound to menu-complete by default,
1531 and C-p to menu-complete-backward.
1533 c. When in vi command mode, repeatedly hitting ESC now does nothing, even
1534 when ESC introduces a bound key sequence. This is closer to how
1535 historical vi behaves.
1537 d. New bindable function: skip-csi-sequence. Can be used as a default to
1538 consume key sequences generated by keys like Home and End without having
1541 e. New application-settable function: rl_filename_rewrite_hook. Can be used
1542 to rewite or modify filenames read from the file system before they are
1543 compared to the word to be completed.
1545 f. New bindable variable: skip-completed-text, active when completing in the
1546 middle of a word. If enabled, it means that characters in the completion
1547 that match characters in the remainder of the word are "skipped" rather
1548 than inserted into the line.
1550 g. The pre-readline-6.0 version of menu completion is available as
1551 "old-menu-complete" for users who do not like the readline-6.0 version.
1553 h. New bindable variable: echo-control-characters. If enabled, and the
1554 tty ECHOCTL bit is set, controls the echoing of characters corresponding
1555 to keyboard-generated signals.
1557 i. New bindable variable: enable-meta-key. Controls whether or not readline
1558 sends the smm/rmm sequences if the terminal indicates it has a meta key
1559 that enables eight-bit characters.
1561 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1562 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-release,
1563 and the previous version, bash-4.0-rc1.
1567 a. Changed the message printed when setlocale(3) fails to only include the
1568 strerror error text if the call changes errno.
1570 b. Changed trap command execution to reset the line number before running a
1571 trap (except DEBUG and RETURN traps).
1573 c. Fixed behavior of case-modifiying word expansions to not work on
1574 individual words within a variable's value.
1576 d. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not be interruptible when run in an
1579 e. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not run callbacks for the first line
1582 f. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not honor EOF typed in an interactive
1585 g. Fixed the coprocess reaping code to not run straight from a signal handler.
1587 h. Fixed a bug that caused printf -b to ignore the first % conversion specifier
1588 in the format string on 64-bit systems.
1590 i. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect word splitting when `:', `=', or `~'
1593 j. Fixed a bug that caused data corruption in the programmable completion code
1594 when a shell function called from a completion aborted execution.
1596 k. Fixed a bug that caused the CPU usage reported by the `time' builtin to be
1599 l. Changed behavior of shell when -e option is in effect to reflect consensus
1600 of Posix shell standardization working group.
1602 m. Fixed a bug introduced in bash-4.0-alpha that caused redirections to not
1603 be displayed by `type' or `declare' when appearing in functions under
1604 certain circumstances.
1606 2. Changes to Readline
1608 a. Fixed a bug that caused !(...) extended glob patterns to inhibit later
1611 b. Reworked the signal handling to avoid calling disallowed functions from a
1614 3. New Features in Bash
1616 a. `readarray' is now a synonym for `mapfile'.
1617 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1618 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-rc1,
1619 and the previous version, bash-4.0-beta2.
1623 a. Fixed a bug that caused parsing errors when a $()-style command
1624 substitution was follwed immediately by a quoted newline.
1626 b. Fixed a bug that caused extended shell globbing patterns beginning with
1627 `*(' to not work when used with pattern substitution word expansions.
1629 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1630 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-beta2,
1631 and the previous version, bash-4.0-beta.
1635 a. Fixed a bug that caused failed word expansions to set $? but not
1638 b. Changed filename completion to quote the tilde in a filename with a
1639 leading tilde that exists in the current directory.
1641 c. Fixed a bug that caused a file descriptor leak when performing
1642 redirections attached to a compound command.
1644 d. Fixed a bug that caused expansions of $@ and $* to not exit the shell if
1645 the -u option was enabled and there were no posititional parameters.
1647 e. Fixed a bug that resulted in bash not terminating immediately if a
1648 terminating signal was received while performing output.
1650 f. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash after creating 256 process
1651 substitutions during word completion.
1653 2. Changes to Readline
1655 a. Fixed a bug that caused redisplay errors when using prompts with invisible
1656 characters and numeric arguments to a command in a multibyte locale.
1658 b. Fixed a bug that caused redisplay errors when using prompts with invisible
1659 characters spanning more than two physical screen lines.
1661 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1662 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-beta,
1663 and the previous version, bash-4.0-alpha.
1667 a. Fixed a typo that caused a variable to be used before initialization
1668 while parsing Posix-style command substitutions.
1670 b. Fixed a bug that caused stray ^? when the expansion of a parameter used
1671 as part of a pattern removal expansion is empty, but part of a non-
1674 c. Fixed a bug that could cause strings not converted to numbers by strtol
1675 to be treated as if the conversion had been successful.
1677 d. The `return' builtin now accepts no options and requires a `--' before
1678 a negative return value, as Posix requires.
1680 e. Fixed a bug that caused local variables to be created with the empty
1681 string for a value rather than no value.
1683 f. Changed behavior so the shell now acts as if it received an interrupt
1684 when a pipeline is killed by SIGINT while executing a list.
1686 g. Fixed a bug that caused `declare var' and `typeset var' to initialize
1687 `var' to the empty string.
1689 h. Changed `bind' builtin to print a warning but proceed if invoked when
1690 line editing is not active.
1692 i. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit when the `errexit' option is
1693 set and a command in a pipeline returns a non-zero exit status.
1695 j. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not run the exit trap in a command
1696 run with `bash -c' under some circumstances.
1698 k. Fixed a bug that caused parser errors to occasionally not set $? when
1699 running commands with `eval'.
1701 l. Fixed a bug that caused stray control characters when evaluating compound
1702 array assignments containing $'\x7f' escapes.
1704 m. Fixed a bug that caused redirections involving file descriptor 10 as the
1705 target to behave incorrectly.
1707 n. Fixed a bug that could cause memory to be freed multiple times when
1708 assigning to COMP_WORDBREAKS.
1710 o. Fixed a bug that could cause NULL pointer dereferences when COMP_WORDBREAKS
1713 2. Changes to Readline
1715 3. New Features in Bash
1717 a. A value of 0 for the -t option to `read' now returns success if there is
1718 input available to be read from the specified file descriptor.
1720 b. CDPATH and GLOBIGNORE are ignored when the shell is running in privileged
1723 c. New bindable readline functions shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word,
1724 which move forward and backward words delimited by shell metacharacters
1725 and honor shell quoting.
1727 d. New bindable readline functions shell-backward-kill-word and shell-kill-word
1728 which kill words backward and forward, but use the same word boundaries
1729 as shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word.
1731 4. New Features in Readline
1733 a. If the kernel supports it, readline displays special characters
1734 corresponding to a keyboard-generated signal when the signal is received.
1736 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1737 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-alpha,
1738 and the previous version, bash-3.2-release.
1742 a. Fixed several bugs in old-style `` command substitution parsing, including
1743 comment parsing and quoted string handling.
1745 b. Fixed problems parsing arguments to the [[ command's =~ regular expression
1746 matching operator: metacharacter and whitespace parsing.
1748 c. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to inappropriately reuse high-numbered
1749 file descriptors it used internally.
1751 d. Fixed a bug in pattern replacement word expansions that caused a `/' as
1752 the first character of an expanded pattern to be mistaken for a global
1753 replacement specifier.
1755 e. Fixed several problems with the asprintf and snprintf replacement functions
1756 that caused hangs and crashes.
1758 f. Fixed a bug in the calculation of the current and previous job that caused
1759 it to refer to incorrect jobs.
1761 g. Fixed a bug in the check for the validity of a hashed command pathname that
1762 caused unnecessary hash table deletions and additions.
1764 h. Fixed a bug that caused child processes to inherit the wrong value for $!.
1766 i. Fixed a bug that caused `.' to fail to read and execute commands from non-
1767 regular files such as devices or named pipes.
1769 j. Fixed a bug in printf formatting for the %x and %X expansions that occurred
1772 k. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when creating temporary files if
1773 $TMPDIR named a non-writable directory.
1775 l. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to ignore $TMPDIR when creating temporary
1776 files under some circumstances.
1778 m. Fixed a bug that caused named pipes created by process substitution to not
1781 n. Fixed a bug that caused HISTTIMEFORMAT to not be honored when it appeared
1782 in the initial shell environment.
1784 o. Fixed several bugs in the expansion of $* and $@ (quoted and unquoted)
1785 when IFS is null or contains non-whitespace characters; the same changes
1786 apply to arrays subscripted with * or @.
1788 p. Fixed several problems with pattern substitution expansions on the
1789 positional parameters and arrays subscripted with * or @ that occurred
1790 when $IFS was set to the empty string.
1792 q. Made a change to the default locale initialization code that should
1793 result in better behavior from the locale-aware library functions.
1795 r. Fixed a bug that caused compacting the jobs list to drop jobs.
1797 s. Fixed a bug that caused jumps back to the top-level processing loop from
1798 a builtin command to leave the shell in an inconsistent state.
1800 t. Fixed a bug that caused characters that would be escaped internally to be
1801 doubled when escaped with a backslash.
1803 u. Fixed the initialization of mailboxes to not cause maildirs to be read
1804 (and stat(2) called for every message file) at shell startup.
1806 v. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not display $PS2 when the read builtin
1807 reads a line continued with a backslash.
1809 w. Fixed a bug that caused errors in word splitting when $IFS contained
1810 characters used for internal quoting.
1812 x. Fixed bugs that caused problems with output from shell builtins not being
1813 completely displayed on some systems.
1815 y. Fixed a bug that caused output to be lost when a redirection is acting on
1816 the shell's output file descriptor.
1818 z. Fixed bugs caused by shell builtins not checking for all write errors.
1820 aa. Fixed a problem that caused the shell to dump core if expansions on the
1821 pattern passed to the pattern removal word expansions resulted in expansion
1824 bb. Fixed a bug that caused bash to loop infinitely after creating and
1825 waiting for 4096 jobs.
1827 cc. Fixed a bug that caused bash to lose the status of a background job under
1828 certain circumstances.
1830 dd. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not look in the temporary environment
1831 when performing variable lookup under certain circumstances.
1833 ee. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close file descriptors greater than 10
1834 when they were used in redirections.
1836 ff. Fixed a problem that caused the shell to attempt to read from the standard
1837 input when called as `bash -i script'.
1839 gg. Fixed a memory leak and variable initialization problems when the -v option
1840 was supplied to `printf' that could cause incorrect results.
1842 hh. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to count bytes when the -n option
1843 was supplied, rather than (possibly multibyte) characters.
1845 ii. Fixed a bug when displaying a function due to not converting the function
1846 to an external form.
1848 jj. Changed job control initialization to ensure that the shell has a tty
1849 as its controlling terminal before enabling job control.
1851 kk. Fixed a bug with the `test' builtin that caused it to misinterpret
1852 arguments beginning with `-' but containing more than one character.
1854 ll. Fixed bug that could cause the shell to dump core in certain cases where
1855 a command sets the SIGINT disposition to the default.
1857 mm. Fixed a bug in the pattern replacement (affecting both word expansion
1858 and the `fc' builtin) that occurred when the pattern and replacement
1861 nn. Fixed a bug that caused an arithmetic evaluation error to disable all
1864 oo. Fixed a bug in pathname expansion that caused it to interpret backslashes
1865 in the pathname as quoting characters.
1867 pp. Fixed a bug in the replacement getcwd() implementation that could cause
1868 memory to be overwritten.
1870 qq. When in Posix mode, the `ulimit' builtin now uses a block size of 512 for
1871 the `-c' and `-f' options.
1873 rr. Brace expansion now allows process substitutions to pass through unchanged.
1875 ss. Fixed a problem in the command name completion code to avoid quoting
1876 escaped special characters twice when the command name begins with a tilde.
1878 tt. Fixed a problem in the printf builtin that resulted in single-byte
1879 output for the "'" escape, even when using multibyte characters.
1881 uu. Fixed a bug that caused the failure exit status to be lost when redirections
1882 attached to a compound command failed.
1884 vv. Fixed a bug that caused the internal random number generator to not be
1885 re-seeded correctly when creating a subshell.
1887 ww. Fixed a bug that could cause the bash replacement getcwd to overwrite
1890 xx. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not receive SIGINT if it was sent
1891 while the shell was waiting for a command substitution to terminate, and
1892 make sure the exit status is correct when it does.
1894 yy. Fixed a bug that resulted in the second and subsequent children spawned
1895 by a shell begun to run a command substitution being placed into the
1896 wrong process group.
1898 zz. Fixed a bug that caused the results of successful tilde expansion to be
1899 subject to pathname expansion and word splitting.
1901 aaa. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to hang if it encountered an
1902 error that caused it to jump back to the top processing loop during a
1903 command substitution or `eval' command.
1905 bbb. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to use the tty's attributes
1906 instead of those of the file descriptor passed with the -u option when
1907 processing the -n and -d options.
1909 ccc. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect expansion of ${array[@]:foo} if the
1910 first character of $IFS was not whitespace.
1912 ddd. Fixed a bug that occurred when scanning for the ending delimiter of a
1913 ${parameter/pat/sub} expansion.
1915 eee. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to inappropriately expand command
1916 substitutions in words when expanding directory names for completion.
1918 fff. Fixed a bug that caused the `fc' builtin to look too far back in the
1919 history list under certain circumstances.
1921 ggg. Fixed a bug that caused a shell running in Posix mode to search $PWD for
1922 a file specified as an argument to source/. when the file was not found
1925 hhh. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to modify the case of a command word
1926 found via command completion when the shell was performing case-
1927 insensitive completion.
1929 iii. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to search $PATH for an argument to
1930 source/. even when it contained a `/'.
1932 jjj. Fixed a bug that caused brace expansion to misorder expansions when the
1933 locale did not have a collating order like aAbBcC...zZ.
1935 kkk. Fixed a bug that did not allow `set +o history' to have any effect when
1936 run in a startup file or from a sourced file.
1938 lll. Fixed a bug with the precedence of the ?: conditional arithmetic operator.
1940 mmm. Fixed a bug that caused side effects of temporary variable assignments
1941 to persist in the shell environment.
1943 nnn. Fixed a bug that caused the terminal to be left in non-canonical mode
1944 when using editing commands that invoke the an editor on the current
1947 ooo. Fixed a bug that caused globbing characters and characters in $IFS to not
1948 be quoted appropriately when displaying assignment statements.
1950 ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the `-e' option to be inherited when sourcing a
1951 file or evaluating a command with `eval' even if the return value of the
1952 command was supposed to be ignored.
1954 qqq. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to attempt to created variables with
1955 invalid names if such names appeared in the initial environment.
1957 rrr. Fixed a bug with quote removal in strings where the final character is a
1960 sss. Fixed a bug that caused the effects of special variables to persist even
1961 when the variables were unset as part of the shell reinitializing itself
1962 to execute a shell script.
1964 ttt. Fixed a bug that caused the history to not be saved after `history -c' or
1965 `history -d' was executed until a sufficient number of commands had been
1966 saved to the history.
1968 uuu. Bash now parses command substitutions according to Posix rules: parsing
1969 the command contained in $() to find the closing delimiter.
1971 vvv. Fixed a bug that caused traps on SIGCHLD set in a SIGCHLD handler to
1974 www. Fixed a bug that didn't allow SIGCHLD to interrupt the `wait' builtin
1977 xxx. Invalid numeric arguments to shell builtins no longer cause the shell to
1978 short-circuit any executing compound command.
1980 yyy. Fixed a bug that caused the exit status to be lost when `break' was
1981 used to short-circuit a loop's execution.
1983 zzz. Fixed a bug that caused stray ^? characters to be left in expansions of
1986 aaaa. Bash now prints better error messages for here documents terminated by
1987 EOF and for identifying the incorrect token in an invalid arithmetic
1990 bbbb. Fixed a bug in the variable length word expansion that caused it to
1991 incorrectly calculate the number of multibyte characters.
1993 cccc. Fixed a race condition that could result in the top-level shell setting
1994 the terminal's process group to an incorrect value if the process
1995 group was changed by a child of a child of the shell.
1997 dddd. Fixed a bug that caused here documents belonging to commands within a
1998 compound command to be displayed in a syntactially-incorrect form, which
1999 prevented them from being re-read as input.
2001 eeee. The shell displays more warnings about failures to set the locale.
2003 ffff. Fixed a bug that caused the body of a here-document to not be saved to
2006 gggg. Fixed a bug that caused configure to incorrectly conclude that FreeBSD
2007 had /dev/fd available, resulting in problems with process substitution.
2009 2. Changes to Readline
2011 a. Fixed a number of redisplay errors in environments supporting multibyte
2014 b. Fixed bugs in vi command mode that caused motion commands to inappropriately
2017 c. When using the arrow keys in vi insertion mode, readline allows movement
2018 beyond the current end of the line (unlike command mode).
2020 d. Fixed bugs that caused readline to loop when the terminal has been taken
2021 away and reads return -1/EIO.
2023 e. Fixed bugs in redisplay occurring when displaying prompts containing
2024 invisible characters.
2026 f. Fixed a bug that caused the completion append character to not be reset to
2027 the default after an application-specified completion function changed it.
2029 g. Fixed a problem that caused incorrect positioning of the cursor while in
2030 emacs editing mode when moving forward at the end of a line while using
2031 a locale supporting multibyte characters.
2033 h. Fixed an off-by-one error that caused readline to drop every 511th
2034 character of buffered input.
2036 i. Fixed a bug that resulted in SIGTERM not being caught or cleaned up.
2038 j. Fixed redisplay bugs caused by multiline prompts with invisible characters
2039 or no characters following the final newline.
2041 k. Fixed redisplay bug caused by prompts consisting solely of invisible
2044 l. Fixed a bug in the code that buffers characters received very quickly in
2045 succession which caused characters to be dropped.
2047 m. Fixed a bug that caused readline to reference uninitialized data structures
2048 if it received a SIGWINCH before completing initialzation.
2050 n. Fixed a bug that caused the vi-mode `last command' to be set incorrectly
2051 and therefore unrepeatable.
2053 o. Fixed a bug that caused readline to disable echoing when it was being used
2054 with an output file descriptor that was not a terminal.
2056 p. Readline now blocks SIGINT while manipulating internal data structures
2059 q. Fixed a bug in redisplay that caused readline to segfault when pasting a
2060 very long line (over 130,000 characters).
2062 r. Fixed bugs in redisplay when using prompts with no visible printing
2065 3. New Features in Bash
2067 a. When using substring expansion on the positional parameters, a starting
2068 index of 0 now causes $0 to be prefixed to the list.
2070 b. The `help' builtin now prints its columns with entries sorted vertically
2071 rather than horizontally.
2073 c. There is a new variable, $BASHPID, which always returns the process id of
2076 d. There is a new `autocd' option that, when enabled, causes bash to attempt
2077 to `cd' to a directory name that is supplied as the first word of a
2080 e. There is a new `checkjobs' option that causes the shell to check for and
2081 report any running or stopped jobs at exit.
2083 f. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_TYPE variable, set to
2084 a character describing the type of completion being attempted.
2086 g. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_KEY variable, set to
2087 the character that caused the completion to be invoked (e.g., TAB).
2089 h. If creation of a child process fails due to insufficient resources, bash
2090 will try again several times before reporting failure.
2092 i. The programmable completion code now uses the same set of characters as
2093 readline when breaking the command line into a list of words.
2095 j. The block multiplier for the ulimit -c and -f options is now 512 when in
2096 Posix mode, as Posix specifies.
2098 k. Changed the behavior of the read builtin to save any partial input received
2099 in the specified variable when the read builtin times out. This also
2100 results in variables specified as arguments to read to be set to the empty
2101 string when there is no input available. When the read builtin times out,
2102 it returns an exit status greater than 128.
2104 l. The shell now has the notion of a `compatibility level', controlled by
2105 new variables settable by `shopt'. Setting this variable currently
2106 restores the bash-3.1 behavior when processing quoted strings on the rhs
2107 of the `=~' operator to the `[[' command.
2109 m. The `ulimit' builtin now has new -b (socket buffer size) and -T (number
2110 of threads) options.
2112 n. The -p option to `declare' now displays all variable values and attributes
2113 (or function values and attributes if used with -f).
2115 o. There is a new `compopt' builtin that allows completion functions to modify
2116 completion options for existing completions or the completion currently
2119 p. The `read' builtin has a new -i option which inserts text into the reply
2120 buffer when using readline.
2122 q. A new `-E' option to the complete builtin allows control of the default
2123 behavior for completion on an empty line.
2125 r. There is now limited support for completing command name words containing
2126 globbing characters.
2128 s. Changed format of internal help documentation for all builtins to roughly
2129 follow man page format.
2131 t. The `help' builtin now has a new -d option, to display a short description,
2132 and a -m option, to print help information in a man page-like format.
2134 u. There is a new `mapfile' builtin to populate an array with lines from a
2137 v. If a command is not found, the shell attempts to execute a shell function
2138 named `command_not_found_handle', supplying the command words as the
2141 w. There is a new shell option: `globstar'. When enabled, the globbing code
2142 treats `**' specially -- it matches all directories (and files within
2143 them, when appropriate) recursively.
2145 x. There is a new shell option: `dirspell'. When enabled, the filename
2146 completion code performs spelling correction on directory names during
2149 y. The `-t' option to the `read' builtin now supports fractional timeout
2152 z. Brace expansion now allows zero-padding of expanded numeric values and
2153 will add the proper number of zeroes to make sure all values contain the
2154 same number of digits.
2156 aa. There is a new bash-specific bindable readline function: `dabbrev-expand'.
2157 It uses menu completion on a set of words taken from the history list.
2159 bb. The command assigned to a key sequence with `bind -x' now sets two new
2160 variables in the environment of the executed command: READLINE_LINE_BUFFER
2161 and READLINE_POINT. The command can change the current readline line
2162 and cursor position by modifying READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT,
2165 cc. There is a new &>> redirection operator, which appends the standard output
2166 and standard error to the named file.
2168 dd. The parser now understands `|&' as a synonym for `2>&1 |', which redirects
2169 the standard error for a command through a pipe.
2171 ee. The new `;&' case statement action list terminator causes execution to
2172 continue with the action associated with the next pattern in the
2173 statement rather than terminating the command.
2175 ff. The new `;;&' case statement action list terminator causes the shell to
2176 test the next set of patterns after completing execution of the current
2177 action, rather than terminating the command.
2179 gg. The shell understands a new variable: PROMPT_DIRTRIM. When set to an
2180 integer value greater than zero, prompt expansion of \w and \W will
2181 retain only that number of trailing pathname components and replace
2182 the intervening characters with `...'.
2184 hh. There are new case-modifying word expansions: uppercase (^[^]) and
2185 lowercase (,[,]). They can work on either the first character or
2186 array element, or globally. They accept an optional shell pattern
2187 that determines which characters to modify. There is an optionally-
2188 configured feature to include capitalization operators.
2190 ii. The shell provides associative array variables, with the appropriate
2191 support to create, delete, assign values to, and expand them.
2193 jj. The `declare' builtin now has new -l (convert value to lowercase upon
2194 assignment) and -u (convert value to uppercase upon assignment) options.
2195 There is an optionally-configurable -c option to capitalize a value at
2198 kk. There is a new `coproc' reserved word that specifies a coprocess: an
2199 asynchronous command run with two pipes connected to the creating shell.
2200 Coprocs can be named. The input and output file descriptors and the
2201 PID of the coprocess are available to the calling shell in variables
2202 with coproc-specific names.
2204 4. New Features in Readline
2206 a. A new variable, rl_sort_completion_matches; allows applications to inhibit
2207 match list sorting (but beware: some things don't work right if
2208 applications do this).
2210 b. A new variable, rl_completion_invoking_key; allows applications to discover
2211 the key that invoked rl_complete or rl_menu_complete.
2213 c. The functions rl_block_sigint and rl_release_sigint are now public and
2214 available to calling applications who want to protect critical sections
2217 d. The functions rl_save_state and rl_restore_state are now public and
2218 available to calling applications; documented rest of readline's state
2221 e. A new user-settable variable, `history-size', allows setting the maximum
2222 number of entries in the history list.
2224 f. There is a new implementation of menu completion, with several improvements
2225 over the old; the most notable improvement is a better `completions
2228 g. The menu completion code now uses the rl_menu_completion_entry_function
2229 variable, allowing applications to provide their own menu completion
2232 h. There is support for replacing a prefix of a pathname with a `...' when
2233 displaying possible completions. This is controllable by setting the
2234 `completion-prefix-display-length' variable. Matches with a common prefix
2235 longer than this value have the common prefix replaced with `...'.
2237 i. There is a new `revert-all-at-newline' variable. If enabled, readline will
2238 undo all outstanding changes to all history lines when `accept-line' is
2241 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2242 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-release,
2243 and the previous version, bash-3.2-beta.
2247 a. Fixed a bug that caused the temporary environment passed to a command to
2248 affect the shell's environment under certain circumstances.
2250 b. Fixed a bug in the printf builtin that caused the %q format specifier to
2251 ignore empty string arguments.
2253 c. Improved multibyte character environment detection at configuration time.
2255 d. Fixed a bug in the read builtin that left spurious escape characters in the
2256 input after processing backslashes when assigning to an array variable.
2258 2. Changes to Readline
2260 a. Fixed a redisplay bug that occurred in multibyte-capable locales when the
2261 prompt was one character longer than the screen width.
2262 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2263 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-beta,
2264 and the previous version, bash-3.2-alpha.
2268 a. Changed the lexical analyzer to treat locale-specific blank characters as
2271 b. Fixed a bug in command printing to avoid confusion between redirections and
2272 process substitution.
2274 c. Fixed problems with cross-compiling originating from inherited environment
2277 d. Added write error reporting to printf builtin.
2279 e. Fixed a bug in the variable expansion code that could cause a core dump in
2280 a multi-byte locale.
2282 f. Fixed a bug that caused substring expansion of a null string to return
2285 g. BASH_COMMAND now retains its previous value while executing commands as the
2286 result of a trap, as the documentation states.
2288 2. Changes to Readline
2290 a. Fixed a bug with prompt redisplay in a multi-byte locale to avoid redrawing
2291 the prompt and input line multiple times.
2293 b. Fixed history expansion to not be confused by here-string redirection.
2295 c. Readline no longer treats read errors by converting them to newlines, as
2296 it does with EOF. This caused partial lines to be returned from readline().
2298 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2299 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-alpha,
2300 and the previous version, bash-3.1-release.
2304 a. Fixed a source bug that caused the minimal configuration to not compile.
2306 b. Fixed memory leaks in error handling for the `read' builtin.
2308 c. Changed the [[ and (( compound commands to set PIPESTATUS with their exit
2311 d. Fixed some parsing problems with compound array assignments.
2313 e. Added additional configuration changes for: NetBSD (incomplete multibyte
2316 f. Fixed two bugs with local array variable creation when shadowing a variable
2317 of the same name from a previous context.
2319 g. Fixed the `read' builtin to restore the correct set of completion functions
2320 if a timeout occurs.
2322 h. Added code to defer the initialization of HISTSIZE (and its stifling of the
2323 history list) until the history file is loaded, allowing a startup file to
2324 override the default value.
2326 i. Tightened up the arithmetic expression parsing to produce better error
2327 messages when presented with invalid operators.
2329 j. Fixed the cross-compilation support to build the signal list at shell
2330 invocation rather than compile time if cross-compiling.
2332 k. Fixed multibyte support for non-gcc compilers (or compilers that do not
2333 allow automatic array variable sizing based on a non-constant value).
2335 l. Several fixes to the code that manages the list of terminated jobs and
2336 their exit statuses, and the list of active and recently-terminated jobs
2337 to avoid pid aliasing/wraparound and allocation errors.
2339 m. Fixed a problem that allowed scripts to die due to SIGINT while waiting
2340 for children, even when started in the background or otherwise ignoring
2343 n. Fixed a bug that caused shells invoked as -/bin/bash from not being
2344 recognized as login shells.
2346 o. Fixed a problem that caused shells in the background to give the terminal
2347 to a process group other than the foreground shell process group.
2349 p. Fixed a problem with extracting the `varname' in ${#varname}.
2351 q. Fixed the code that handles SIGQUIT to not exit immediately -- thereby
2352 calling functions that may not be called in a signal handler context --
2353 but set a flag and exit afterward (like SIGINT).
2355 r. Changed the brace expansion code to skip over braces that don't begin a
2356 valid matched brace expansion construct.
2358 s. Fixed `typeset' and `declare' to not require that their shell function
2359 operands to be valid shell identifiers.
2361 t. Changed `test' to use access(2) with a temporary uid/euid swap when testing
2362 file attributes and running setuid, and access(2) in most other cases.
2364 u. Changed completion code to not attempt command name completion on a line
2365 consisting solely of whitespace when no_empty_command_completion is set.
2367 v. The `hash' builtin now prints nothing in posix mode when the hash table is
2368 empty, and prints a message to that effect to stdout instead of stderr
2369 when not in posix mode.
2371 w. Fixed a bug in the extended pattern matching code that caused it to fail to
2372 match periods with certain patterns.
2374 x. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing filename
2375 generation in directories with thousands of files.
2377 y. Returned to the original Bourne shell rules for parsing ``: no recursive
2378 parsing of embedded quoted strings or ${...} constructs.
2380 z. The inheritence of the DEBUG, RETURN, and ERR traps is now dependent only
2381 on the settings of the `functrace' and `errtrace' shell options, rather
2382 than whether or not the shell is in debugging mode.
2384 aa. Fixed a problem with $HOME being converted to ~ in the expansion of
2385 members of the DIRSTACK array.
2387 bb. Fixed a problem with quoted arguments to arithmetic expansions in certain
2390 cc. The command word completion code now no longer returns matching directories
2391 while searching $PATH.
2393 dd. Fixed a bug with zero-padding and precision handling in snprintf()
2396 ee. Fixed a bug that caused the command substitution code not to take embedded
2397 shell comments into account.
2399 ff. Fixed a bug that caused $((...);(...)) to be misinterpreted as an
2400 arithmetic substitution.
2402 gg. Fixed a bug in the prompt expansion code that inappropriately added a
2403 \001 before a \002 under certain circumstances.
2405 hh. Fixed a bug that caused `unset LANG' to not properly reset the locale
2406 (previous versions would set the locale back to what it was when bash
2407 was started rather than the system's "native" locale).
2409 ii. Fixed a bug that could cause file descriptors > 10 to not be closed even
2410 when closed explicitly by a script.
2412 jj. Fixed a bug that caused single quotes to be stripped from ANSI-C quoting
2413 inside double-quoted command substitutions.
2415 kk. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when `return' was executed as the
2416 last element of a pipeline inside a shell function.
2418 ll. Fixed a bug that caused DEBUG trap strings to overwrite commands stored in
2421 2. Changes to Readline
2423 a. Fixed a problem that caused segmentation faults when using readline in
2424 callback mode and typing consecutive DEL characters on an empty line.
2426 b. Fixed several redisplay problems with multibyte characters, all having to
2427 do with the different code paths and variable meanings between single-byte
2428 and multibyte character redisplay.
2430 c. Fixed a problem with key sequence translation when presented with the
2433 d. Fixed a problem that prevented the `a' command in vi mode from being
2434 undone and redone properly.
2436 e. Fixed a problem that prevented empty inserts in vi mode from being undone
2439 f. Fixed a problem that caused readline to initialize with an incorrect idea
2440 of whether or not the terminal can autowrap.
2442 g. Fixed output of key bindings (like bash `bind -p') to honor the setting of
2443 convert-meta and use \e where appropriate.
2445 h. Changed the default filename completion function to call the filename
2446 dequoting function if the directory completion hook isn't set. This means
2447 that any directory completion hooks need to dequote the directory name,
2448 since application-specific hooks need to know how the word was quoted,
2449 even if no other changes are made.
2451 i. Fixed a bug with creating the prompt for a non-interactive search string
2452 when there are non-printing characters in the primary prompt.
2454 j. Fixed a bug that caused prompts with invisible characters to be redrawn
2455 multiple times in a multibyte locale.
2457 k. Fixed a bug that could cause the key sequence scanning code to return the
2460 l. Fixed a problem with the callback interface that caused it to fail when
2461 using multi-character keyboard macros.
2463 m. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when an edited history entry was
2464 re-executed under certain conditions.
2466 n. Fixed a bug that caused readline to reference freed memory when attmpting
2467 to display a portion of the prompt.
2469 3. New Features in Bash
2471 a. Changed the parameter pattern replacement functions to not anchor the
2472 pattern at the beginning of the string if doing global replacement - that
2473 combination doesn't make any sense.
2475 b. When running in `word expansion only' mode (--wordexp option), inhibit
2476 process substitution.
2478 c. Loadable builtins now work on MacOS X 10.[34].
2480 d. Shells running in posix mode no longer set $HOME, as POSIX requires.
2482 e. The code that checks for binary files being executed as shell scripts now
2483 checks only for NUL rather than any non-printing character.
2485 f. Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's =~ operator now forces
2486 string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators.
2488 4. New Features in Readline
2490 a. Calling applications can now set the keyboard timeout to 0, allowing
2493 b. The value of SYS_INPUTRC (configurable at compilation time) is now used as
2494 the default last-ditch startup file.
2496 c. The history file reading functions now allow windows-like \r\n line
2499 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2500 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-release,
2501 and the previous version, bash-3.1-rc2.
2503 1. Changes to Readline
2505 a. Several changes to the multibyte redisplay code to fix problems with
2506 prompts containing invisible characters.
2508 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2509 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-rc2,
2510 and the previous version, bash-3.1-rc1.
2514 a. Fixed a bug that caused a DEBUG trap to overwrite a command string that's
2515 eventually attached to a background job.
2517 b. Changed some code so that filenames with leading tildes with spaces in the
2518 name aren't tilde-expanded by the bash completion code.
2520 c. Fixed a bug that caused the pushd builtin to fail to change to
2521 directories with leading `-'.
2523 d. Fixed a small memory leak in the programmable completion code.
2525 2. Changes to Readline
2527 a. Fixed a redisplay bug caused by moving the cursor vertically to a line
2528 with invisible characters in the prompt in a multibyte locale.
2530 b. Fixed a bug that could cause the terminal special chars to be bound in the
2531 wrong keymap in vi mode.
2533 3. New Features in Bash
2535 a. If compiled for strict POSIX conformance, LINES and COLUMNS may now
2536 override the true terminal size.
2538 4. New Features in Readline
2540 a. A new external application-controllable variable that allows the LINES
2541 and COLUMNS environment variables to set the window size regardless of
2542 what the kernel returns.
2544 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2545 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-rc1,
2546 and the previous version, bash-3.1-beta1.
2550 a. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps due to accessing the current
2551 pipeline while in the middle of modifying it.
2553 b. Fixed a bug that caused pathnames with backslashes still quoting characters
2554 to be passed to opendir().
2556 c. Command word completion now obeys the setting of completion-ignore-case.
2558 d. Fixed a problem with redirection that caused file descriptors greater than
2559 2 to be inappropriately marked as close-on-exec.
2561 e. In Posix mode, after `wait' is called to wait for a particular process
2562 explicitly, that process is removed from the list of processes known to
2563 the shell, and subsequent attempts to wait for it return errors.
2565 f. Fixed a bug that caused extended pattern matching to incorrectly scan
2566 backslash-escaped pattern characters.
2568 g. Fixed a synchronization problem that could cause core dumps when handling
2571 h. Fixed a bug that caused an unmatched backquote to be accepted without an
2572 error when processing here documents.
2574 i. Fixed a small memory leak in the `cd' builtin.
2576 j. Fix for MacOS X so it gets the values for the HOSTTYPE, MACHTYPE, and
2577 OSTYPE variables at build time, to support universal binaries.
2579 k. Fixed a bug that could cause an exit trap to return the exit status of
2580 the trap command rather than the status as it was before the trap was
2581 run as the shell's exit status.
2583 2. New Features in Bash
2585 3. Changes to Readline
2587 a. Fixed a bug that caused reversing the incremental search direction to
2590 b. Fixed the vi-mode `U' command to only undo up to the first time insert mode
2591 was entered, as Posix specifies.
2593 c. Fixed a bug in the vi-mode `r' command that left the cursor in the wrong
2596 4. New Features in Readline
2598 a. New application-callable auxiliary function, rl_variable_value, returns
2599 a string corresponding to a readline variable's value.
2601 b. When parsing inputrc files and variable binding commands, the parser
2602 strips trailing whitespace from values assigned to boolean variables
2603 before checking them.
2606 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2607 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-beta1,
2608 and the previous version, bash-3.1-alpha1.
2612 a. Added some system-specific signal names.
2614 b. Fixed a typo in the ulimit builtin to make `x' the right option to
2615 maniuplate the limit on file locks.
2617 c. Fixed a problem with using += to append to index 0 of an array variable
2618 when not using subscript syntax.
2620 d. A few changes to configure.in to remove calls to obsolete or outdated
2623 e. Make sure changes to variables bash handles specially (e.g., LC_ALL) are
2624 made when the variable is set in the temporary environment to a command.
2626 f. Make sure changes to variables bash handles specially (e.g., LC_ALL) are
2627 made when the variable is modified using `printf -v'.
2629 g. The export environment is now remade on cygwin when HOME is changed, so
2630 DLLs bash is linked against pick up the new value. This fixes problems
2631 with tilde expansion when linking against and already-installed readline.
2633 h. Small fix to the logic for performing tilde expansion in posix mode, so
2634 expansion on the right-hand side of an assignment statement takes place.
2636 i. Fixed a bug that prevented redirections associated with a shell function
2637 from being executed when in a subshell.
2639 j. Fixed `source' and `.' builtins to not require an executable file when
2640 searching $PATH for a file to source.
2642 k. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect word splitting in a function when IFS
2643 was declared local, then unset.
2645 l. Fixed a problem with the `kill' builtin that prevented sending signals
2646 to a process group under certain circumstances when providing a pid < 0.
2648 m. When in POSIX mode, `pwd' now checks that the value it prints is the same
2649 directory as `.', even when displaying $PWD.
2651 n. Fixed a problem with the `read' builtin when reading a script from standard
2652 input and reading data from the same file.
2654 o. Fixed a problem with the `type' and `command' builtins that caused absolute
2655 pathnames to be displayed incorrectly.
2657 p. Some changes to the `bg' builtin for POSIX conformance.
2659 q. The `fc' builtin now removes the `fc' command that caused it to invoke an
2660 editor on specified history entries from the history entirely, rather than
2663 r. When in POSIX mode, the `v' command in vi editing mode simply invokes vi
2664 on the current command, rather than checking $FCEDIT and $EDITOR.
2666 s. Fixed a small memory leak in the pathname canonicalization code.
2668 t. Fixed a bug that caused the expanded value of a $'...' string to be
2669 incorrectly re-quoted if it occurred within a double-quoted ${...}
2670 parameter expansion.
2672 u. Restored default emacs-mode key binding of M-TAB to dynamic-complete-history.
2674 v. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when interrupting loops running builtins
2677 w. Make sure that some of the functions bash provides replacements for are
2680 x. The code that scans embedded commands for the parser (`...` and $(...)) is
2681 now more aware of embedded comments and their effect on quoted strings.
2683 y. Changed the `-n' option to the `history' builtin to not reset the number of
2684 history lines read in the current session after reading the new lines from
2685 the history file if the history is being appended when it is written to
2686 the file, since the appending takes care of the problem that the adjustment
2687 was intended to solve.
2689 z. Improved the error message displayed when a shell script fails to execute
2690 because the environment and size of command line arguments are too large.
2692 aa. A small fix to make sure that $HISTCMD is evaluated whenever the shell is
2693 saving commands to the history list, not just when HISTSIZE is defined.
2695 2. Changes to Readline
2697 a. The `change-case' command now correctly changes the case of multibyte
2700 b. Changes to the shared library construction scripts to deal with Windows
2701 DLL naming conventions for Cygwin.
2703 c. Fixed the redisplay code to avoid core dumps resulting from a poorly-timed
2706 d. Fixed the non-incremental search code in vi mode to dispose of any current
2707 undo list when copying a line from the history into the current editing
2710 e. The variable assignment code now ignores whitespace at the end of lines
2711 when assigning to boolean variables.
2713 f. The `C-w' binding in incremental search now understands multibyte
2716 3. New Features in Bash
2718 a. A new configuration option, `--enable-strict-posix-default', which will
2719 build bash to be POSIX conforming by default.
2721 4. New Features in Readline
2723 a. If the rl_completion_query_items is set to a value < 0, readline never
2724 asks the user whether or not to view the possible completions.
2726 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2727 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-alpha1,
2728 and the previous version, bash-3.0-release.
2732 a. Fixed a bug that caused bash to crash if referencing an unset local array.
2734 b. Fixed a problem that caused tilde expansion to not be performed before
2735 attempting globbing word completion.
2737 c. Fixed an incompatibility so that a first argument to trap that's a valid
2738 signal number will be trated as a signal rather than a command to execute.
2740 d. Fixed ${#word} expansion to correctly compute the length of a string
2741 containing multibyte characters.
2743 e. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not pass the correct flags for signal
2744 disposition to child processes.
2746 f. Fixed a bug that caused `fc -l' to list one too many history entries.
2748 g. Some fixes to `fc' for POSIX conformance.
2750 h. Some fixes to job status display for POSIX conformance.
2752 i. Fixed a bug that caused `command -v' to display output if a command was not
2753 found -- it should be silent.
2755 j. In POSIX mode, `type' and `command -[vV]' do not report non-executable
2756 files, even if the shell will attempt to execute them.
2758 k. Fixed a bug that caused the `==' operator to the [[ command to not attempt
2759 extended pattern matching.
2761 l. Fixed the brace expansion code to handle characters whose value exceeds 128.
2763 m. Fixed `printf' to handle strings with a leading `\0' whose length is
2766 n. Fixed a couple of problems with brace expansion where `${' was handled
2769 o. Fixed off-by-one error when calculating the upper bound of `offset' when
2770 processing the ${array[@]:offset:length} expansion.
2772 p. System-specific configuration changes for: FreeBSD 5.x, Interix, MacOS X
2773 10.4, Linux 2.4+ kernels, Linux 3.x kernels, Dragonfly BSD, QNX 6.x,
2776 q. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to ignore the status of the rightmost
2777 command in a pipeline when the `pipefail' option was enabled.
2779 r. Fixed a completion bug that caused core dumps when expanding a directory
2782 s. Fixed a bug that prevented `hash -d' from removing commands from the hash
2785 t. Fixed word splitting to avoid really bad quadratic performance when
2786 expanding long lists.
2788 u. Fixed a bug that caused negative offsets in substring expansion to use the
2791 v. Fixed a bug in printf that caused it to not return failure on write errors.
2793 w. Fixed a bug that caused commands in subshells to not be properly timed.
2795 x. The shell parser no longer attempts to parse a compound assignment specially
2796 unless in a position where an assignment statement is acceptable or parsing
2797 arguments to a builtin that accepts assignment statements.
2799 y. Fixed a problem that caused a `case' statement to be added to the history
2800 incorrectly as a single command if the `case word' was on one line and the
2803 z. Fixed a problem that caused internal shell quoting characters to be
2804 incorrectly quoted with backslashes under some circumstances.
2806 aa. The shell now performs correct word splitting when IFS contains multibyte
2809 bb. The mail checking code now resets the cached file information if the size
2810 drops to 0, even if the times don't change.
2812 cc. A completed command name that is found in $PATH as well as the name of a
2813 directory in the current directory no longer has a slash appended in certain
2814 circumstances: a single instance found in $PATH when `.' is not in $PATH,
2815 and multiple instances found in $PATH, even when `.' is in $PATH.
2817 dd. Incorporated tilde expansion into the word expansion code rather than as a
2818 separately-called function, fixing some cases where it was performed
2819 inappropriately (e.g., after the second `=' in an assignment statement or
2820 in a double-quoted parameter expansion).
2822 ee. Fixed several bugs encountered when parsing compound assignment statements,
2823 so that compound assignments appearing as arguments to builtins are no
2824 longer double-expanded.
2826 ff. Fixed a bug in the command execution code that caused asynchronous commands
2827 containing command substitutions to not put the terminal in the wrong
2830 gg. Bash now handles the case where the WCONTINUED flag causes waitpid() to
2831 return -1/EINVAL at runtime as well as configuration time.
2833 hh. Fixed parser to generate an error when the pipeline `argument' to `!' or
2836 ii. The shell now takes a little more care when manipulating file descriptors
2837 greater than 9 with the `exec' builtin.
2839 jj. Fixed a bug that caused variable assignments preceding the `command' builtin
2840 preceding a special builtin to be preserved after the command completed in
2843 kk. Fixed a bug that allowed variables beginning with a digit to be created.
2845 ll. Fixed a bug that caused a \<newline> to be removed when parsing a $'...'
2848 mm. A shell whose name begins with `-' will now be a restricted shell if the
2849 remainder of the name indicates it should be restricted.
2851 nn. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if FUNCNAME were changed or unset
2852 during a function's execution.
2854 oo. Fixed a bug that caused executing a `return' in a function to not execute
2855 a RETURN trap. The RETURN trap is inherited by shell functions only if
2856 function tracing is globally enabled or has been enabled for that function.
2858 pp. Fixed cases where var[@] was not handled exactly like var, when var is a
2861 qq. Fixed a bug that caused the first character after a SIGINT to be discarded
2862 under certain circumstances.
2864 rr. Fixed exit status code so that a suspended job returns 128+signal as its
2865 exit status (preventing commands after it in `&&' lists from being
2868 ss. Fixed a bug that caused the shell parser state to be changed by executing
2869 a shell function as a result of word completion.
2871 tt. Fixed a long-standing bug that caused '\177' characters in variable
2872 values to be discarded when expanded in double-quoted strings.
2874 uu. Fixed a bug that caused $RANDOM to be re-seeded multiple times in a
2875 subshell environment.
2877 vv. Extensive changes to the job management code to avoid the pid-reuse and
2878 pid-aliasing problems caused by retaining the exit status of too many jobs,
2879 but still retain as many background job statuses as POSIX requires.
2881 ww. Fixed a parser bug in processing \<newline> that caused things like
2886 to not work correctly.
2888 xx. `pwd -P' now sets $PWD to a directory name containing no symbolic links
2889 when in posix mode, as POSIX requires.
2891 yy. In posix mode, bash no longer sets $PWD to a name containing no symbolic
2892 links if a directory is chosen from $CDPATH.
2894 zz. The word splitting code now treats an IFS character that is not space,
2895 tab, or newline and any adjacent IFS white space as a single delimiter, as
2898 aaa. The `read' builtin now checks whether or not the number of fields read is
2899 exactly the same as the number of variables instead of just assigning the
2900 rest of the line (minus any trailing IFS white space) to the last
2901 variable. This is what POSIX/SUS/XPG all require.
2903 bbb. Fixed a bug that caused `read' to always check whether or not fd 0 was a
2904 pipe, even when reading from another file descriptor.
2906 ccc. Fixed a bug that caused short-circuiting of execution even if the return
2907 value was being inverted.
2909 ddd. Fixed a bug that caused a core dump while decoding \W escapes in PS1 if
2912 eee. Fixed a bug in `read' that counted internal quoting characters for the
2913 purposes of `read -n'.
2915 fff. Fixed a bug so that a function definition in a pipeline causes a child
2916 process to be forked at the right time.
2918 ggg. Bash will not attempt to link against a readline library that doesn't
2919 have rl_gnu_readline_p == 1.
2921 hhh. Fixed a bug that caused `read' to consume one too many characters when
2922 reading a fixed number of characters and the Nth character is a backslash.
2924 iii. Fixed a bug that caused `unset' on variables in the temporary environment
2925 to leave them set when `unset' completed.
2927 jjj. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close fd 2 if an `exec' failed and the
2930 kkk. The completion code is more careful to not turn `/' or `///' into `//',
2931 for those systems on which `//' has special meaning.
2933 lll. Fixed a bug that caused command substitution in asynchronous commands to
2934 close the wrong file descriptors.
2936 mmm. The shell no longer prints status messages about terminated background
2937 processes unless job control is active.
2939 nnn. Fixed a bug that prevented multiple consecutive invocations of `history -s'
2940 from adding all the commands to the history list.
2942 ooo. Added a couple of changes to make arithmetic expansion more consistent in
2943 all its contexts (still not perfect).
2945 ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the parser to occasionally not find the right
2946 terminating "`" in an old-style command substitution.
2948 qqq. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when the shell was reading its non-
2949 interactive input from fd 0 and fd 0 was duplicated and restored using a
2950 combination of `exec' (to save) and redirection (to restore).
2952 rrr. Fixed a problem that caused loops in sourced scripts to not be cleaned
2953 up properly when a `return' is executed.
2955 sss. Change internal command substitution completion function to append a slash
2956 to directory names in the command.
2958 2. Changes to Readline
2960 a. Fixed a bug that caused multiliine prompts to be wrapped and displayed
2963 b. Fixed a bug that caused ^P/^N in emacs mode to fail to display the current
2966 c. Fixed a problem in computing the number of invisible characters on the first
2967 line of a prompt whose length exceeds the screen width.
2969 d. Fixed vi-mode searching so that failure preserves the current line rather
2970 than the last line in the history list.
2972 e. Fixed the vi-mode `~' command (change-case) to have the correct behavior at
2973 end-of-line when manipulating multibyte characters.
2975 f. Fixed the vi-mode `r' command (change-char) to have the correct behavior at
2976 end-of-line when manipulating multibyte characters.
2978 g. Fixed multiple bugs in the redisplay of multibyte characters: displaying
2979 prompts longer than the screen width containing multibyte characters,
2981 h. Fix the calculation of the number of physical characters in the prompt
2982 string when it contains multibyte characters.
2984 i. A non-zero value for the `rl_complete_suppress_append' variable now causes
2985 no `/' to be appended to a directory name.
2987 j. Fixed forward-word and backward-word to work when words contained
2988 multibyte characters.
2990 k. Fixed a bug in finding the delimiter of a `?' substring when performing
2991 history expansion in a locale that supports multibyte characters.
2993 l. Fixed a memory leak caused by not freeing the timestamp in a history entry.
2995 m. Fixed a bug that caused "\M-x" style key bindings to not obey the setting
2996 of the `convert-meta' variable.
2998 n. Fixed saving and restoring primary prompt when prompting for incremental
2999 and non-incremental searches; search prompts now display multibyte
3000 characters correctly.
3002 o. Fixed a bug that caused keys originally bound to self-insert but shadowed
3003 by a multi-character key sequence to not be inserted.
3005 p. Fixed code so rl_prep_term_function and rl_deprep_term_function aren't
3006 dereferenced if NULL (matching the documentation).
3008 q. Extensive changes to readline to add enough state so that commands
3009 requiring additional characters (searches, multi-key sequences, numeric
3010 arguments, commands requiring an additional specifier character like
3011 vi-mode change-char, etc.) work without synchronously waiting for
3014 r. Lots of changes so readline builds and runs on MinGW.
3016 s. Readline no longer tries to modify the terminal settings when running in
3019 t. The Readline display code no longer sets the location of the last invisible
3020 character in the prompt if the \[\] sequence is empty.
3022 3. New Features in Bash
3024 a. Bash now understands LC_TIME as a special variable so that time display
3025 tracks the current locale.
3027 b. BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, BASH_SOURCE, and BASH_LINENO are no longer created
3028 as `invisible' variables and may not be unset.
3030 c. In POSIX mode, if `xpg_echo' option is enabled, the `echo' builtin doesn't
3031 try to interpret any options at all, as POSIX requires.
3033 d. The `bg' builtin now accepts multiple arguments, as POSIX seems to specify.
3035 e. Fixed vi-mode word completion and glob expansion to perform tilde
3038 f. The `**' mathematic exponentiation operator is now right-associative.
3040 g. The `ulimit' builtin has new options: -i (max number of pending signals),
3041 -q (max size of POSIX message queues), and -x (max number of file locks).
3043 h. A bare `%' once again expands to the current job when used as a job
3046 i. The `+=' assignment operator (append to the value of a string or array) is
3047 now supported for assignment statements and arguments to builtin commands
3048 that accept assignment statements.
3050 j. BASH_COMMAND now preserves its value when a DEBUG trap is executed.
3052 k. The `gnu_errfmt' option is enabled automatically if the shell is running
3053 in an emacs terminal window.
3055 l. New configuration option: --single-help-strings. Causes long help text
3056 to be written as a single string; intended to ease translation.
3058 m. The COMP_WORDBREAKS variable now causes the list of word break characters
3059 to be emptied when the variable is unset.
3061 n. An unquoted expansion of $* when $IFS is empty now causes the positional
3062 parameters to be concatenated if the expansion doesn't undergo word
3065 o. Bash now inherits $_ from the environment if it appears there at startup.
3067 p. New shell option: nocasematch. If non-zero, shell pattern matching ignores
3068 case when used by `case' and `[[' commands.
3070 q. The `printf' builtin takes a new option: -v var. That causes the output
3071 to be placed into var instead of on stdout.
3073 r. By default, the shell no longer reports processes dying from SIGPIPE.
3075 s. Bash now sets the extern variable `environ' to the export environment it
3076 creates, so C library functions that call getenv() (and can't use the
3077 shell-provided replacement) get current values of environment variables.
3079 4. New Features in Readline
3081 a. The key sequence sent by the keypad `delete' key is now automatically
3082 bound to delete-char.
3084 b. A negative argument to menu-complete now cycles backward through the
3087 c. A new bindable readline variable: bind-tty-special-chars. If non-zero,
3088 readline will bind the terminal special characters to their readline
3089 equivalents when it's called (on by default).
3091 d. New bindable command: vi-rubout. Saves deleted text for possible
3092 reinsertion, as with any vi-mode `text modification' command; `X' is bound
3093 to this in vi command mode.
3095 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3096 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-release,
3097 and the previous version, bash-3.0-rc1.
3101 a. Fixed a boundary overrun that could cause segmentation faults when the
3102 completion code hands an incomplete construct to the word expansion
3105 b. Changed posix mode behavior so that an error in a variable assignment
3106 preceding a special builtin causes a non-interactive shell to exit.
3108 c. Change the directory expansion portion of the completion code to not
3109 expand embedded command substitutions if the directory name appears in
3112 d. Fixed a problem that caused `bash -r' to turn on restrictions before
3113 reading the startup files.
3115 e. Fixed a problem with the default operation of the `umask' builtin.
3117 2. Changes to Readline
3119 a. Fixed a problem with readline saving the contents of the current line
3120 before beginning a non-interactive search.
3122 b. Fixed a problem with EOF detection when using rl_event_hook.
3124 c. Fixed a problem with the vi mode `p' and `P' commands ignoring numeric
3127 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3128 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-rc1,
3129 and the previous version, bash-3.0-beta1.
3133 a. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect behavior when referecing element 0 of
3134 an array using $array, element 0 was unset, and `set -u' was enabled.
3136 b. System-specific changes for: SCO Unix 3.2, Tandem.
3138 c. Fixed a bug that caused inappropriate word splitting when a variable was
3139 expanded within a double-quoted string that also included $@.
3141 d. Fixed a bug that caused `pwd' to not display anything in physical mode
3142 when the file system had changed underneath the shell.
3144 e. Fixed a bug in the pre- and post- increment and decrement parsing in the
3145 expression evaluator that caused errors when the operands and corresponding
3146 operators were separated by whitespace.
3148 f. Fixed a bug that caused `history -p' to add an entry to the history list,
3149 counter to the documentation. (Keeps the history expansions invoked by
3150 emacs-mode command line editing from doing that as well.)
3152 g. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if `cd' is asked to print out a
3153 pathname longer than PATH_MAX characters.
3155 h. Fixed a bug that caused jobs to be put into the wrong process group under
3156 some circumstances after enabling job control with `set -m'.
3158 i. `unalias' now returns failure if no alias name arguments are supplied.
3160 j. Documented the characters not allowed to appear in an alias name.
3162 k. $* is no longer expanded as if in double quotes when it appears in the
3163 body of a here document, as the SUS seems to require.
3165 l. The `bashbug' script now uses a directory in $TMPDIR for exclusive
3166 access rather than trying to guess how the underlying OS provides for
3167 secure temporary file creation.
3169 m. Fixed a few problems with `cd' and `pwd' when asked to operate on pathnames
3170 longer than PATH_MAX characters.
3172 n. Fixed a memory leak caused when creating multiple local array variables
3173 with identical names.
3175 o. Fixed a problem with calls to getcwd() so that bash now operates better
3176 when the full pathname to the current directory is longer than PATH_MAX
3179 p. The `trap' builtin now reports an error if a single non-signal argument
3182 q. Fixed a bug that caused `umask' to not work correctly when presented
3183 with a mask of all 0s.
3185 r. When `getopts' reaches the end of options, OPTARG is unset, as POSIX
3188 s. Interactive mode now depends on whether or not stdin and stderr are
3189 connected to a tty; formerly it was stdin and stdout. POSIX requires
3192 t. Fixed vi-mode completion to work more as POSIX specifies (e.g., doing the
3193 right kind of filename generation).
3195 2. Changes to Readline
3197 a. Fixed a problem that could cause readline to refer to freed memory when
3198 moving between history lines while doing searches.
3200 b. Improvements to the code that expands and displays prompt strings
3201 containing multibyte characters.
3203 c. Fixed a problem with vi-mode not correctly remembering the numeric argument
3204 to the last `c'hange command for later use with `.'.
3206 d. Fixed a bug in vi-mode that caused multi-digit count arguments to work
3209 e. Fixed a problem in vi-mode that caused the last text modification command
3210 to not be remembered across different command lines.
3212 f. Fixed problems with changing characters and changing case at the end of
3215 3. New Features in Bash
3217 a. The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation
3218 even if job control is not enabled.
3220 b. The historical behavior of `trap' that allows a missing `action' argument
3221 to cause each specified signal's handling to be reset to its default is
3222 now only supported when `trap' is given a single non-option argument.
3224 4. New Features in Readline
3226 a. When listing completions, directories have a `/' appended if the
3227 `mark-directories' option has been enabled.
3229 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3230 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-beta1,
3231 and the previous version, bash-3.0-alpha.
3235 a. Fixes to build correctly when arrays are not compiled into the shell.
3237 b. Fixed command substitution to run any exit trap defined in the command
3238 substitution before returning; the exit trap is not inherited from the
3241 c. Fixes to process group synchronization code so that every child process
3242 attempts to set the terminal's process group; fixes some synchronization
3243 problems on Linux kernels that schedule the child to always run before
3246 d. Fixed processing of octal and hex constants in printf builtin for POSIX.2
3249 e. Fixed a couple of core dumps in the pattern removal code.
3251 f. Fixes to the array subrange extraction code to deal better with sparse
3254 g. Parser errors and other errors that result in the shell exiting now cause
3255 the exit trap to be run.
3257 h. Change the command substitution completion functions to not append any
3258 closing quote, because it would be inserted a closing "`" or ")".
3260 i. Fix history initialization so assignments to $histchars made in startup
3263 j. If an exit trap does not contain a call to `exit', the shell now uses
3264 the exit status of the last command executed before the trap as the exit
3265 status of the shell.
3267 k. The parser now prompts with $PS2 if it reads a newline while parsing a
3268 compound array assignment statement.
3270 l. When performing a compound array assignment, the parser doesn't treat
3271 words of the form [index]=value as assignments if they're the result of
3274 m. Fixed a bug that caused `return' executed in a trap command to make the
3275 shell think it was still running the trap.
3277 n. Fixed the value of errno set by the pathname canonicalization functions.
3279 o. Changed the grammar so that `time' alone on a line times a null command
3280 rather than being a syntax error.
3282 p. The pattern substitution code no longer performs quote removal on the
3283 pattern before trying to match it, as the pattern removal functions do.
3285 q. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when checking whether a quoted
3286 command name was being completed.
3288 r. Fixes to the pattern removal and pattern replacement expansions to deal
3289 with multibyte characters better (and faster).
3291 s. Fix to the substring expansion (${param:off[:len]}) to deal with (possibly
3292 multibyte) characters instead of raw bytes.
3294 t. Fixed a bug that caused some key bindings set in an inputrc to be ignored
3297 u. Fixed a bug that caused unsetting a local variable within a function to
3300 v. Fixed a bug that caused invalid variables to be created when using
3303 w. Fixed a bug that caused "$@" to expand incorrectly when used as the right
3304 hand side of a parameter expansion such as ${word:="$@"} if the first
3305 character of $IFS was not a space.
3307 x. Fixed a slight cosmetic problem when printing commands containing a
3308 `>&word' redirection.
3310 y. Fixed a problem that could cause here documents to not be created correctly
3311 if the system temporary directory did not allow writing.
3313 2. Changes to Readline
3315 a. Change to history expansion functions to treat `^' as equivalent to word
3316 one, as the documention states.
3318 b. Some changes to the display code to improve display and redisplay of
3319 multibyte characters.
3321 c. Changes to speed up the multibyte character redisplay code.
3323 d. Fixed a bug in the vi-mode `E' command that caused it to skip over the
3324 last character of a word if invoked while point was on the word's
3325 next-to-last character.
3327 e. Fixed a bug that could cause incorrect filename quoting when
3328 case-insensitive completion was enabled and the word being completed
3329 contained backslashes quoting word break characters.
3331 f. Fixed a bug in redisplay triggered when the prompt string contains
3332 invisible characters.
3334 g. Fixed some display (and other) bugs encountered in multibyte locales
3335 when a non-ascii character was the last character on a line.
3337 h. Fixed some display bugs caused by multibyte characters in prompt strings.
3339 i. Fixed a problem with history expansion caused by non-whitespace characters
3340 used as history word delimiters.
3342 3. New Features in Bash
3344 a. printf builtin understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?.
3346 b. `echo -e' understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?.
3348 c. The GNU `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated; the shell's
3349 messages can be translated into different languages.
3351 d. The `\W' prompt expansion now abbreviates $HOME as `~', like `\w'.
3353 e. The error message printed when bash cannot open a shell script supplied
3354 as argument 1 now includes the name of the shell, to better identify
3355 the error as coming from bash.
3357 4. New Features in Readline
3359 a. New application variable, rl_completion_quote_character, set to any
3360 quote character readline finds before it calls the application completion
3363 b. New application variable, rl_completion_suppress_quote, settable by an
3364 application completion function. If set to non-zero, readline does not
3365 attempt to append a closing quote to a completed word.
3367 c. New application variable, rl_completion_found_quote, set to a non-zero
3368 value if readline determines that the word to be completed is quoted.
3369 Set before readline calls any application completion function.
3371 d. New function hook, rl_completion_word_break_hook, called when readline
3372 needs to break a line into words when completion is attempted. Allows
3373 the word break characters to vary based on position in the line.
3375 e. New bindable command: unix-filename-rubout. Does the same thing as
3376 unix-word-rubout, but adds `/' to the set of word delimiters.
3378 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3379 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-alpha,
3380 and the previous version, bash-2.05b-release.
3384 a. Fixes so that the shell will compile without some of the default options
3387 b. Fixed an error message that did not pass enough arguments to printf.
3389 c. Fixed a bug that caused input redirection to a builtin inside a script
3390 being read from standard input to result in the rest of the already-
3391 read and buffered script to be discarded.
3393 d. Fixed a bug that caused subshell initialization to close the file
3394 descriptor from which the shell was reading a script under certain
3397 e. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not advance a string pointer over
3398 a null wide character when doing string operations.
3400 f. Fixed the internal logout code so that shells that time out waiting for
3401 input (using $TMOUT) run ~/.bash_logout.
3403 g. Portability and configuration changes for: cygwin, HP/UX, GNU/FreeBSD.
3405 h. The parser no longer adds implicit double quotes to ((...)) arithmetic
3408 i. The ((...)) arithmetic command evaluation code was fixed to not dump core
3409 when the expanded string is null.
3411 j. The ((...)) arithmetic command evaluation code was fixed to not perform
3412 variable assignments while expanding the expression.
3414 k. Fixed a bug that caused word splitting to be performed incorrectly when
3415 IFS is set, but null.
3417 l. Fixed a bug in brace expansion that caused a quoted `$' preceding an
3418 open brace to inhibit brace expansion.
3420 m. Fixed a bug that caused a leading `-' in the shell's name to cause it to
3421 not be recognized as a restricted shell.
3423 n. Fixed a bug in the arithmetic evaluation code that could cause longjmps
3424 to an invalid location and result in a core dump.
3426 o. Fixed a bug in the calculation of how many history lines are new in a
3427 single shell session when reading new history lines from a file with
3430 p. Fixed a bug in pathname canonicalization that caused the shell to dump
3431 core when presented with a pathname longer than PATH_MAX.
3433 q. Fixed the parser so that it doesn't try to compare a char variable to
3434 EOF, which fails when chars are unsigned.
3436 r. Fixed a bug in the simple command execution code that caused occasional
3439 s. The shell does a better job of saving any partial parsing state during
3440 operations which cause a command to be executed while a line is being
3443 t. The completion code now splits words more like the expansion code when
3444 $IFS is used to split.
3446 u. The locale code does a better job of recomputing the various locale
3447 variable values when LC_ALL is unset.
3449 v. The programmable completion code does a better job of dequoting expanded
3450 word lists before comparing them against the word to be matched.
3452 w. The shell no longer seg faults if the expanded value of $PS4 is null
3453 and `set -x' is enabled.
3455 x. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when a here string expanded to NULL.
3457 y. The mail checking code now makes sure the mailbox is bigger before
3458 reporting the existence of new mail.
3460 z. The parser does not try to expand $'...' and $"..." when the appear
3461 within double quotes unless the `extquote' option has been enabled with
3462 `shopt'. For backwards compatibility, it is enabled by default.
3464 aa. Fixed a bug that caused `for x; do ...' and `select x; do ... to use
3465 $@ instead of "$@" for the implicit list of arguments.
3467 bb. Fixed a bug that caused a subshell of a restricted shell (e.g., one
3468 spawned to execute a pipeline) to not exit immediately if attempting
3469 to use a command containing a slash.
3471 cc. Fixed a problem with empty replacements for a pattern that doesn't match
3472 when performing ${param/word/} expansion.
3474 dd. Word expansions performed while expanding redirections no longer search
3475 a command's temporary environment to expand variable values.
3477 ee. Improvements to the alias expansion code when expanding subsequent words
3478 because an aliase's value ends with a space.
3480 ff. `cd -' now prints the current working directory after a successful chdir
3481 even when the shell is not interactive, as the standard requires.
3483 gg. The shell does a better job of ensuring a child process dies of SIGINT
3484 before resending SIGINT to itself.
3486 hh. The arithmetic expansion variable assignment code now does the right
3487 thing when assigning to `special' variables like OPTIND.
3489 ii. When history expansion verification is enabled, the bash readline helper
3490 functions that do history expansion on the current line don't print
3493 jj. Fixed bugs with multiple consecutive alias expansion when one of the
3494 expansions ends with a space.
3496 kk. Fixed a problem in the programmable completion code that could cause core
3497 dumps when trying to initialize a set of possible completions from a
3500 ll. The \[ and \] escape characters are now ignored when decoding the prompt
3501 string if the shell is started with editing disabled.
3503 mm. Fixed a bug that could leave extra characters in a string when doing
3504 quoted null character removal.
3506 nn. Command substitution and other subshell operations no longer reset the
3507 line number (aids the bash debugger).
3509 oo. Better line number management when executing simple commands, conditional
3510 commands, for commands, and select commands.
3512 pp. The globbing code now uses malloc, with its better failure properties,
3513 rather than alloca().
3515 qq. Fixed a bug that caused expansions like #{a[2]:=value} to create the
3516 appropriate array element instead of a variable named `a[2]'.
3518 rr. Fixed a bug in the handling of a `?(...)' pattern immediately following
3519 a `*' when extglob is enabled.
3521 ss. Fixed a bug that caused a `return' invoked in an exit trap when exit is
3522 invoked in a function to misbehave.
3524 tt. Fixed a bug that caused CTLESC and CTLNUL characters to not be escaped
3525 by the internal shell string quoting functions.
3527 uu. Fixed a bug that caused quoted null characters in an expanded word list
3528 to be inappropriately assigned to an array variable when using `read -a'.
3530 vv. Fixed a bug that caused redirections accompanying a null command to persist
3531 in the current shell.
3533 ww. Fixed a bug that caused the prompt to be printed when the shell was
3534 expanding a multiline alias.
3536 xx. Fixed a bug that resulted in core dumps when the completion for a command
3537 changed the compspec.
3539 yy. Fixed a bug that caused evaluation of programmable completions to print
3540 notifications of completed jobs.
3542 zz. Bash now disables line editing when $EMACS == `t' and $TERM == `dumb'
3543 (which is what emacs shell windows do).
3545 aaa. In posix mode, `kill -l' causes signal names to be displayed without
3548 bbb. Clear error flag on standard output so it doesn't persist across multiple
3551 ccc. In posix mode, `alias' displays alias values without the leading `alias',
3552 so the output cannot be used as subsequent input.
3554 ddd. In posix mode, the `trap' builtin doesn't check whether or not its
3555 first argument is a signal specification and revert the signal handling
3556 to its original disposition if it is.
3558 eee. Fixed several bugs in the handling of "$*" and "${array[*]}" by the
3559 pattern substitution and removal expansions.
3561 fff. Fixed several problems with the handling of ${array[@]}, ${array[*]},
3562 $@, and $* by the indirect variable expansion code.
3564 ggg. Fixed a bug that did not allow `time' to be aliased.
3566 hhh. Improved the mail checking code so it won't check (and possibly cause an
3567 NFS file system mount) until MAILPATH or MAIL is given a value -- there
3568 is no default if DEFAULT_MAIL_DIRECTORY is not defined at compile time.
3569 (It is computed by configure, but can be #undef'd in config-bot.h.)
3571 iii. If the `chkwinsize' option is enabled, the shell checks for window size
3572 changes if a child process exits due to a signal.
3574 jjj. Removed the attempts to avoid adding a slash at the end of a completed
3575 executable name if there was a directory with the same name in the
3578 kkk. Fixed PATH lookup code so it treats the permission bits separately for
3579 owner, group, and other, rather than checking them all.
3581 lll. Fixed the locale code to reset the parser's idea of the character class
3582 <blank>, which controls how it splits tokens, when the locale changes.
3584 mmm. The shell now binds its special readline functions and key bindings only
3585 if the user's inputrc file has not already bound them.
3587 nnn. The shell now reports on processes that dump core due to signals when
3588 invoked as `-c command'.
3590 2. Changes to Readline
3592 a. Fixes to avoid core dumps because of null pointer references in the
3593 multibyte character code.
3595 b. Fix to avoid infinite recursion caused by certain key combinations.
3597 c. Fixed a bug that caused the vi-mode `last command' to be set incorrectly.
3599 d. Readline no longer tries to read ahead more than one line of input, even
3600 when more is available.
3602 e. Fixed the code that adjusts the point to not mishandle null wide
3605 f. Fixed a bug in the history expansion `g' modifier that caused it to skip
3608 g. Fixed a bug that caused the prompt to overwrite previous output when the
3609 output doesn't contain a newline and the locale supports multibyte
3610 characters. This same change fixes the problem of readline redisplay
3611 slowing down dramatically as the line gets longer in multibyte locales.
3613 h. History traversal with arrow keys in vi insertion mode causes the cursor
3614 to be placed at the end of the new line, like in emacs mode.
3616 i. The locale initialization code does a better job of using the right
3617 precedence and defaulting when checking the appropriate environment
3620 j. Fixed the history word tokenizer to handle <( and >( better when used as
3623 k. The overwrite mode code received several bug fixes to improve undo.
3625 l. Many speedups to the multibyte character redisplay code.
3627 m. The callback character reading interface should not hang waiting to read
3630 n. Fixed a bug with redoing vi-mode `s' command.
3632 o. The code that initializes the terminal tracks changes made to the terminal
3633 special characters with stty(1) (or equivalent), so that these changes
3634 are reflected in the readline bindings. New application-callable function
3635 to make it work: rl_tty_unset_default_bindings().
3637 p. Fixed a bug that could cause garbage to be inserted in the buffer when
3638 changing character case in vi mode when using a multibyte locale.
3640 q. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code that caused problems on systems
3641 supporting multibyte characters when moving between history lines when the
3642 new line has more glyphs but fewer bytes.
3644 r. Undo and redo now work better after exiting vi insertion mode.
3646 s. Make sure system calls are restarted after a SIGWINCH is received using
3649 t. Improvements to the code that displays possible completions when using
3650 multibyte characters.
3652 u. Fixed a problem when parsing nested if statements in inputrc files.
3654 v. The completer now takes multibyte characters into account when looking for
3655 quoted substrings on which to perform completion.
3657 w. The history search functions now perform better bounds checking on the
3660 3. New Features in Bash
3662 a. ANSI string expansion now implements the \x{hexdigits} escape.
3664 b. There is a new loadable `strftime' builtin.
3666 c. New variable, COMP_WORDBREAKS, which controls the readline completer's
3667 idea of word break characters.
3669 d. The `type' builtin no longer reports on aliases unless alias expansion
3670 will actually be performed.
3672 e. HISTCONTROL is now a colon-separated list of values, which permits
3673 more extensibility and backwards compatibility.
3675 f. HISTCONTROL may now include the `erasedups' option, which causes all lines
3676 matching a line being added to be removed from the history list.
3678 g. `configure' has a new `--enable-multibyte' argument that permits multibyte
3679 character support to be disabled even on systems that support it.
3681 h. New variables to support the bash debugger: BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV,
3682 BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO, BASH_SUBSHELL, BASH_EXECUTION_STRING,
3685 i. FUNCNAME has been changed to support the debugger: it's now an array
3688 j. for, case, select, arithmetic commands now keep line number information
3691 k. There is a new `RETURN' trap executed when a function or sourced script
3692 returns (not inherited child processes; inherited by command substitution
3693 if function tracing is enabled and the debugger is active).
3695 l. New invocation option: --debugger. Enables debugging and turns on new
3696 `extdebug' shell option.
3698 m. New `functrace' and `errtrace' options to `set -o' cause DEBUG and ERR
3699 traps, respectively, to be inherited by shell functions. Equivalent to
3700 `set -T' and `set -E' respectively. The `functrace' option also controls
3701 whether or not the DEBUG trap is inherited by sourced scripts.
3703 n. The DEBUG trap is run before binding the variable and running the action
3704 list in a `for' command, binding the selection variable and running the
3705 query in a `select' command, and before attempting a match in a `case'
3708 o. New `--enable-debugger' option to `configure' to compile in the debugger
3711 p. `declare -F' now prints out extra line number and source file information
3712 if the `extdebug' option is set.
3714 q. If `extdebug' is enabled, a non-zero return value from a DEBUG trap causes
3715 the next command to be skipped, and a return value of 2 while in a
3716 function or sourced script forces a `return'.
3718 r. New `caller' builtin to provide a call stack for the bash debugger.
3720 s. The DEBUG trap is run just before the first command in a function body is
3721 executed, for the debugger.
3723 t. `for', `select', and `case' command heads are printed when `set -x' is
3726 u. There is a new {x..y} brace expansion, which is shorthand for {x.x+1,
3727 x+2,...,y}. x and y can be integers or single characters; the sequence
3728 may ascend or descend; the increment is always 1.
3730 v. New ksh93-like ${!array[@]} expansion, expands to all the keys (indices)
3733 w. New `force_fignore' shopt option; if enabled, suffixes specified by
3734 FIGNORE cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even
3735 if they're the only possibilities.
3737 x. New `gnu_errfmt' shopt option; if enabled, error messages follow the `gnu
3738 style' (filename:lineno:message) format.
3740 y. New `-o bashdefault' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes the
3741 whole set of bash completions to be performed if the compspec doesn't
3744 z. New `-o plusdirs' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes directory
3745 name completion to be performed and the results added to the rest of the
3746 possible completions.
3748 aa. `kill' is available as a builtin even when the shell is built without
3751 bb. New HISTTIMEFORMAT variable; value is a format string to pass to
3752 strftime(3). If set and not null, the `history' builtin prints out
3753 timestamp information according to the specified format when displaying
3754 history entries. If set, bash tells the history library to write out
3755 timestamp information when the history file is written.
3757 cc. The [[ ... ]] command has a new binary `=~' operator that performs
3758 extended regular expression (egrep-like) matching.
3760 dd. `configure' has a new `--enable-cond-regexp' option (enabled by default)
3761 to enable the =~ operator and regexp matching in [[ ... ]].
3763 ee. Subexpressions matched by the =~ operator are placed in the new
3764 BASH_REMATCH array variable.
3766 ff. New `failglob' option that causes an expansion error when pathname
3767 expansion fails to produce a match.
3769 gg. New `set -o pipefail' option that causes a pipeline to return a failure
3770 status if any of the processes in the pipeline fail, not just the last
3773 4. New Features in Readline
3775 a. History expansion has a new `a' modifier equivalent to the `g' modifier
3776 for compatibility with the BSD csh.
3778 b. History expansion has a new `G' modifier equivalent to the BSD csh `g'
3779 modifier, which performs a substitution once per word.
3781 c. All non-incremental search operations may now undo the operation of
3782 replacing the current line with the history line.
3784 d. The text inserted by an `a' command in vi mode can be reinserted with
3787 e. New bindable variable, `show-all-if-unmodified'. If set, the readline
3788 completer will list possible completions immediately if there is more
3789 than one completion and partial completion cannot be performed.
3791 f. There is a new application-callable `free_history_entry()' function.
3793 g. History list entries now contain timestamp information; the history file
3794 functions know how to read and write timestamp information associated
3797 h. Four new key binding functions have been added:
3799 rl_bind_key_if_unbound()
3800 rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map()
3801 rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound()
3802 rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map()
3804 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3805 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-release,
3806 and the previous version, bash-2.05b-beta2.
3810 a. Fixed an off-by-one error in the function that translates job
3813 b. Note that we're running under Emacs and disable line editing if
3816 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3817 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-beta2,
3818 and the previous version, bash-2.05b-beta1.
3822 a. Fixed the /= and %= arithmetic operators to catch division by zero.
3824 b. Added putenv, setenv, unsetenv to getenv replacement for completeness.
3826 c. Fixed a bug that could cause the -O expand_aliases invocation option
3829 d. Fixed a problem with process substitution that resulted in incorrect
3830 behavior when the number of process substitutions in an individual
3831 command approached 64.
3833 2. Changes to Readline
3835 a. Fixed a problem with backward-char-search when on a system with support
3836 for multibyte characters when running in a locale without any multibyte
3839 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3840 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-beta1,
3841 and the previous version, bash-2.05b-alpha1.
3845 a. Fixed a problem when parsing a POSIX.2 character class name while
3846 evaluating a bracket expression containing multibyte characters.
3848 b. Changed the help text for `bind' to make it clear that any command
3849 that may be placed in ~/.inputrc is a valid argument to `bind'.
3851 c. Added `help' builtin entries for `((', `[[', and arithmetic for.
3853 d. malloc updated again:
3854 o slightly better overflow and underflow detection by putting the
3855 chunk size at the beginning and end of the chunk and making
3856 sure they match in free/realloc
3857 o partial page allocated to make things page-aligned no longer
3859 o block coalescing now enabled by default
3860 o splitting and coalescing enabled for 32-byte chunks, the most
3861 common size requested
3862 o fixed a problem that resulted in spurious underflow messages and
3864 o bin sizes are precomputed and stored in an array rather than
3865 being computed at run time
3866 o malloc will return memory blocks back to the system if the block
3867 being freed is at the top of the heap and of sufficient size to
3869 o malloc/free/realloc now inline memset instead of calling the
3870 libc function; uses Duff's device for good performance
3872 e. Check for getservent(); make the service name completion code dependent
3875 f. Changed the readline callback that executes a command bound to a key
3876 sequence to not save the executed command on the history list and to
3877 save and restore the parsing state.
3879 g. Changes to lib/sh/snprintf.c: fixed some bugs in the `g' and `G'
3880 floating point format display; implemented the "'" flag character
3881 that turns on thousands' grouping; fixed behavior on systems where
3882 MB_CUR_MAX does not evaluate to a constant.
3884 h. The `unset' builtin no longer returns a failure status when asked to
3885 unset a previously-unset variable or function.
3887 i. Changes to the build system to make it easier to cross-compile bash
3888 for different systems.
3890 j. Added `,' to the characters that are backslash-escaped during filename
3891 completion, to avoid problems with complete-into-braces and RCS filenames
3894 k. Some changes to the multibyte character support code to avoid many calls
3897 l. Bash now correctly honors setting LANG to some value when LC_ALL does not
3898 already have a value.
3900 m. Fixed a bug that could cause SIGSEGV when processing nested traps with
3903 n. The `source/.' builtin now restores the positional parameters when it
3904 returns unless they were changed using the `set' builtin during the file's
3907 o. Fixed a bug that caused a syntax error when a command was terminated by
3910 2. New Features in Bash
3912 a. There is now support for placing the long help text into separate files
3913 installed into ${datadir}/bash. Not enabled by default; can be turned
3914 on with `--enable-separate-helpfiles' option to configure.
3916 b. All builtins that take operands accept a `--' pseudo-option, except
3919 c. The `echo' builtin now accepts \0xxx (zero to three octal digits following
3920 the `0') in addition to \xxx (one to three octal digits) for SUSv3/XPG6/
3921 POSIX.1-2001 compliance.
3923 3. Changes to Readline
3925 a. Fixed a small problem in _rl_insert_char with multibyte characters.
3927 b. Fixes from IBM for line wrapping problems when using multibyte characters.
3929 c. Fixed a problem which caused the display to be messed up when the last
3930 line of a multi-line prompt (possibly containing invisible characters)
3931 was longer than the screen width.
3933 d. Fixed a problem with the vi-mode `r' command that ocurred on systems with
3934 support for multibyte characters when running in a locale without any
3935 multibyte characters.
3937 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3938 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-alpha1,
3939 and the previous version, bash-2.05a-release.
3943 a. Some changes to work around inlining differences between compilers.
3945 b. Added more prototypes for internal shell typedefs, to catch argument
3946 passing errors when using pointers to functions.
3948 c. The `cd' builtin now fails in posix mode when a valid directory cannot be
3949 constructed from a relative pathname argument and the $PWD using pathname
3950 canonicalization, and the -P option has not been supplied. Previously,
3951 the shell would attempt to use what the user typed, leading to weird
3952 values for $PWD and discrepancies between the value of $PWD and the
3953 actual working directory.
3955 d. The `cd' builtin now resets $PWD when canonicalization fails but a chdir
3956 to the pathname passed as an argument succeeds (when not in posix mode).
3958 e. The `fc' builtin has been fixed, as POSIX requires, to use the closest
3959 history position in range when given an out-of-range argument.
3961 f. The history file loading code was changed to allow lines to be saved in
3962 the history list from the shell startup files.
3964 g. `history -s args' now works better in compound commands.
3966 h. The tilde expansion code was fixed to better recognize when it's being
3967 invoked in an assignment context, which enables expansion after `='
3970 i. Fixed the command name completion code so a slash is no longer appended
3971 to a single match if there happens to be a directory with that name in
3974 j. Fixed compound array assignment to no longer perform alias expansion, to
3975 allow reserved words as array members, and to not produce extra output
3976 when the `-v' option had been enabled.
3978 k. Fixed the programmable completion code to better handle newlines in lists
3979 of possible completions (e.g., `complete -W').
3981 l. Removed the reserved words from the `bash-builtins' manual page.
3983 m. Parser error reporting now attempts to do a better job of identifying the
3984 token in error rather than doing straight textual analysis.
3986 n. Fixes for Inf/NaN, locales, wide/multibyte characters and zero-length
3987 arguments in the library snprintf(3) replacement.
3989 o. `read -e' no longer does command name completion on the first word on
3990 the line being read.
3992 p. `select' now returns failure if the read of the user's selection fails.
3994 q. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when setting $PIPESTATUS.
3996 r. Fixes to not allocate so many job slots when the shell is running a loop
3997 with job control enabled in a subshell of an interactive shell.
3999 s. Fixed a bug in the trap code that caused traps to be inherited by
4000 command substitutions in some cases.
4002 t. Fixed a bug that could cause alias expansion to inappropriately expand
4003 the word following the alias.
4005 u. Fixed a bug in the `kill' builtin that mishandled negative pid arguments.
4007 v. The parser is less lenient when parsing assignment statements where the
4008 characters before the `=' don't comprise a valid identifier.
4010 w. The arithmetic expression evaluation code now honors the setting of the
4011 `-u' option when expanding variable names.
4013 x. Fixed the arithmetic evaluation code to allow array subscripts to be
4014 assigned (`let b[7]=42') and auto-incremented and auto-decremented
4017 y. Reimplemented the existing prompt string date and time expansions using
4018 strftime(3), which changed the output of \@ in some locales.
4020 z. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when a special shell variable
4021 (like RANDOM) was converted to an array with a variable assignment.
4023 aa. Fixed a bug that would reset the handler for a signal the user had
4024 trapped to a function that would exit the shell when setting the exit
4025 trap in a non-interactive shell.
4027 bb. Changed the execve(2) wrapper code to check whether or not a failing
4028 command is a directory before looking at whether a `#!' interpreter
4029 failed for some reason.
4031 cc. Fixed a bug in the command printing code so it no longer inserts a `;'
4032 after a newline, which produces a syntax error when reused as input.
4034 dd. The code that expands $PS4 no longer inherits the `-x' flag.
4036 ee. The bash-specific completion functions may now take advantage of the
4037 double-TAB and M-? features of the standard readline completion
4040 ff. The mail checking code no longer prints a message if the checked file's
4041 size has not increased, even if the access time is less than the modification time.
4043 gg. Rewrote the variable symbol table code: there is now a stack of
4044 contexts, each possibly including a separate symbol table; there can
4045 be more than one temporary environment supplied to nested invocations
4046 of `./source'; the temporary environments no longer require so much
4047 special-case code; shell functions now handle the temporary environment
4048 and local variables more consistently; function scope exit is faster now
4049 that the entire symbol table does not have to be traversed to dispose of
4050 local variables; it is now easier to push vars from the temporary
4051 environment to the shell's variable table in posix mode; some duplicated
4052 code has been removed.
4054 hh. Regularized the error message printing code; builtin_error is now called
4055 more consistently, and common error message strings are handled by small
4056 functions. This should make eventual message translation easier.
4058 ii. Error messages now include the line number in a script when the shell
4061 jj. Array subscript expansion now takes place even when the array variable is
4062 unset, so side effects will take place.
4064 kk. Fixed a bug in the SICGHLD child-reaping code so that it won't find
4065 jobs already marked as terminated if the OS reuses pids quickly enough.
4067 ll. Fixed a bug that could cause a signal to not interrupt the `wait'
4068 builtin while it was waiting for a background process to terminate.
4070 mm. A couple of changes to make it easier for multiple shells to share history
4071 files using `history -n', `history -r', and `history -w'.
4073 nn. The `getopts' builtin always increments OPTIND to point to the next
4074 option to be handled when an option is returned, whether it's valid
4075 or not, as POSIX 1003.x-2001 requires.
4077 oo. Changed some parts of the expansion code to avoid allocating and
4078 immediately freeing memory without using the results for anything.
4080 pp. The shell now keeps track of $IFS internally, updating its internal map
4081 each time the variable is assigned a new value (or at local scope exit).
4082 This saves thousands of hash lookups for IFS, which, while individually
4085 qq. Rewrote the hash table code: searching and insertion are much faster now,
4086 and it uses a better string hashing function; augmented the function
4087 interface to simplify other parts of the code and remove duplicated code
4089 rr. The shell now uses a simple, generic `object cache' for allocating and
4090 caching words and word lists, which were the major users of
4093 ss. Fixed the assignment statement parsing code to allow whitespace and
4094 newlines in subscripts when performing array element assignment.
4096 tt. The shell now issues many fewer calls to sigprocmask and other signal
4097 masking system calls.
4099 uu. Fixed the `test' and conditional command file comparison operators to
4100 work right when one file has a non-positive timestamp and the other
4103 vv. Fixed some cases where the special characters '\001' and '\177' in the
4104 values of variables or positional parameters caused incorrect expansion
4107 2. Changes to Readline
4109 a. Fixed output of comment-begin character when listing variable values.
4111 b. Added some default key bindings for common escape sequences produced by
4114 c. Fixed the mark handling code to be more emacs-compatible.
4116 d. A bug was fixed in the code that prints possible completions to keep it
4117 from printing empty strings in certain circumstances.
4119 e. Change the key sequence printing code to print ESC as M\- if ESC is a
4120 meta-prefix character -- it's easier for users to understand than \e.
4122 f. Fixed unstifle_history() to return values that match the documentation.
4124 g. Fixed the event loop (rl_event_hook) to handle the case where the input
4125 file descriptor is invalidated.
4127 h. Fixed the prompt display code to work better when the application has a
4128 custom redisplay function.
4130 i. Changes to make reading and writing the history file a little faster, and
4131 to cope with huge history files without calling abort(3) from xmalloc.
4133 j. The vi-mode `S' and `s' commands are now undone correctly.
4135 3. New Features in Bash
4137 a. If set, TMOUT is the default timeout for the `read' builtin.
4139 b. `type' has two new options: `-f' suppresses shell function lookup, and
4140 `-P' forces a $PATH search.
4142 c. New code to handle multibyte characters.
4144 d. `select' was changed to be more ksh-compatible, in that the menu is
4145 reprinted each time through the loop only if REPLY is set to NULL.
4146 The previous behavior is available as a compile-time option.
4148 e. `complete -d' and `complete -o dirnames' now force a slash to be
4149 appended to names which are symlinks to directories.
4151 f. There is now a bindable edit-and-execute-command readline command,
4152 like the vi-mode `v' command, bound to C-xC-e in emacs mode.
4154 g. Added support for ksh93-like [:word:] character class in pattern matching.
4156 h. The $'...' quoting construct now expands \cX to Control-X.
4158 i. A new \D{...} prompt expansion; passes the `...' to strftime and inserts
4159 the result into the expanded prompt.
4161 j. The shell now performs arithmetic in the largest integer size the
4162 machine supports (intmax_t), instead of long.
4164 k. If a numeric argument is supplied to one of the bash globbing completion
4165 functions, a `*' is appended to the word before expansion is attempted.
4167 l. The bash globbing completion functions now allow completions to be listed
4168 with double tabs or if `show-all-if-ambiguous' is set.
4170 m. New `-o nospace' option for `complete' and `compgen' builtins; suppresses
4171 readline's appending a space to the completed word.
4173 n. New `here-string' redirection operator: <<< word.
4175 o. When displaying variables, function attributes and definitions are shown
4176 separately, allowing them to be re-used as input (attempting to re-use
4177 the old output would result in syntax errors).
4179 p. There is a new configuration option `--enable-mem-scramble', controls
4180 bash malloc behavior of writing garbage characters into memory at
4181 allocation and free time.
4183 q. The `complete' and `compgen' builtins now have a new `-s/-A service'
4184 option to complete on names from /etc/services.
4186 r. `read' has a new `-u fd' option to read from a specified file descriptor.
4188 s. Fix the completion code so that expansion errors in a directory name
4189 don't cause a longjmp back to the command loop.
4191 t. Fixed word completion inside command substitution to work a little more
4194 u. The `printf' %q format specifier now uses $'...' quoting to print the
4195 argument if it contains non-printing characters.
4197 v. The `declare' and `typeset' builtins have a new `-t' option. When applied
4198 to functions, it causes the DEBUG trap to be inherited by the named
4199 function. Currently has no effect on variables.
4201 w. The DEBUG trap is now run *before* simple commands, ((...)) commands,
4202 [[...]] conditional commands, and for ((...)) loops.
4204 x. The expansion of $LINENO inside a shell function is only relative to the
4205 function start if the shell is interactive -- if the shell is running a
4206 script, $LINENO expands to the line number in the script. This is as
4207 POSIX-2001 requires.
4209 y. The bash debugger in examples/bashdb has been modified to work with the
4210 new DEBUG trap semantics, the command set has been made more gdb-like,
4211 and the changes to $LINENO make debugging functions work better. Code
4214 z. New [n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections from ksh93 -- move fds (dup
4217 aa. There is a new `-l' invocation option, equivalent to `--login'.
4219 bb. The `hash' builtin has a new `-l' option to list contents in a reusable
4220 format, and a `-d' option to remove a name from the hash table.
4222 4. New Features in Readline
4224 a. Support for key `subsequences': allows, e.g., ESC and ESC-a to both
4225 be bound to readline functions. Now the arrow keys may be used in vi
4228 b. When listing completions, and the number of lines displayed is more than
4229 the screen length, readline uses an internal pager to display the results.
4230 This is controlled by the `page-completions' variable (default on).
4232 c. New code to handle editing and displaying multibyte characters.
4234 d. The behavior introduced in bash-2.05a of deciding whether or not to
4235 append a slash to a completed name that is a symlink to a directory has
4236 been made optional, controlled by the `mark-symlinked-directories'
4237 variable (default is the 2.05a behavior).
4239 e. The `insert-comment' command now acts as a toggle if given a numeric
4240 argument: if the first characters on the line don't specify a
4241 comment, insert one; if they do, delete the comment text
4243 f. New application-settable completion variable:
4244 rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs, allows an application's completion
4245 function to temporarily override the user's preference for appending
4246 slashes to names which are symlinks to directories.
4248 g. New function available to application completion functions:
4249 rl_completion_mode, to tell how the completion function was invoked
4250 and decide which argument to supply to rl_complete_internal (to list
4253 h. Readline now has an overwrite mode, toggled by the `overwrite-mode'
4254 bindable command, which could be bound to `Insert'.
4256 i. New application-settable completion variable:
4257 rl_completion_suppress_append, inhibits appending of
4258 rl_completion_append_character to completed words.
4260 j. New key bindings when reading an incremental search string: ^W yanks
4261 the currently-matched word out of the current line into the search
4262 string; ^Y yanks the rest of the current line into the search string,
4263 DEL or ^H deletes characters from the search string.
4265 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4266 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-release,
4267 and the previous version, bash-2.05a-rc1.
4271 a. Fixed the `printf' builtin so that the variable name supplied as an
4272 argument to a %n conversion must be a valid shell identifier.
4274 b. Improved the random number generator slightly.
4276 c. Changes to configuration to not put -I/usr/include into $CFLAGS, since
4277 it messes up some includes.
4279 d. Corrected description of POSIXLY_CORRECT in man page and info manual.
4281 e. Fixed a couple of cases of incorrect function prototypes that sneaked
4282 through and caused compilation problems.
4284 f. A few changes to avoid potential core dumps in the programmable completion
4287 g. Fixed a configure problem that could cause a non-existent file to show
4290 h. Fixed a configure problem that could cause siglist.o to not be built when
4293 i. Changes to the strtoimax and strtoumax replacement functions to work
4294 around buggy compilers.
4296 j. Fixed a problem with the snprintf replacement function that could
4297 potentially cause a core dump.
4299 2. Changes to Readline
4301 a. Fixed a locale-specific problem in the vi-mode `goto mark' command.
4303 b. Fixed Makefile to not put -I/usr/include into CFLAGS, since it can cause
4304 include file problems.
4306 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4307 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-rc1,
4308 and the previous version, bash-2.05a-beta1.
4312 a. Fixed the snprintf replacement to correctly implement the `alternate form'
4313 of the %g and %G conversions.
4315 b. Fixed snprintf to correctly handle the optional precision with the %g and
4318 c. Fixed the arithmetic evaluation code to correct the values of `@' and `_'
4319 when translating base-64 constants (they were backwards).
4321 d. New library functions for formatting long and long long ints.
4323 e. Fixed a few places where negative array subscripts could have occurred,
4324 mostly as the result of systems using signed characters.
4326 f. Fixed a few places that assumed a pid_t was no wider than an int.
4328 g. Fixed the `maildir' mail checking code to work on systems where a
4329 `struct stat' doesn't include an `st_blocks' member.
4331 h. Fixed snprintf to make `unsigned long long' conversion formats (%llu)
4334 i. Fixed snprintf to not print a sign when asked to do an unsigned conversion.
4336 j. Made configure changes to avoid compiling empty source files in lib/sh.
4338 k. New replacement functions (if necessary) for strtoull, strtoll, strtoimax,
4341 l. The `printf' builtin now handles the `ll' and `j' length modifiers
4342 directly, since they can affect the type and width of the argument
4343 passed to printf(3).
4345 m. Renamed a number of the bash-specific autoconf macros in aclocal.m4 to
4346 have more sytematic naming, with accompanying changes to configure.in.
4348 n. Fixed snprintf to handle long doubles and the %a/%A conversions by
4349 falling back to sprintf, as long as sprintf supports them.
4351 o. Fixed return value from vsnprintf/snprintf to be the number of characters
4352 that would have been printed, even if that number exceeds the buffer
4353 size passed as an argument.
4355 p. Bash no longer attempts to define its own versions of some ctype macros
4356 if they are implemented as functions in libc but not as macros in
4359 q. Changed the variable printing code (used by `set', `export', etc.) to
4360 not use the $'...' syntax when in posix mode, since that caused
4361 interoperability problems with other shells (most notably with autoconf).
4362 When not in posix mode, it uses $'...' if the string to be printed
4363 contains non-printing characters and regular single quotes otherwise.
4365 r. snprintf now recognizes the %F conversion.
4367 s. Fixed a bug that could cause the wrong status to be returned by a shell
4368 function when the shell is compiled without job control and a null
4369 command containing a command substutition was executed in the function.
4371 t. When in posix mode, the default value for MAILCHECK is 600.
4373 u. Bash only initializes FUNCNAME, GROUPS, and DIRSTACK as special variables
4374 if they're not in the initial environment.
4376 v. If SECONDS appears in the initial environment with a valid integer value,
4377 bash uses that as the starting value, as if an assignment had been
4380 w. Bash no longer auto-exports HOME, PATH, SHELL, or TERM, even though it
4381 gives them default values if they don't appear in the initial environment.
4383 x. Bash no longer auto-exports HOSTNAME, HOSTTYPE, MACHTYPE, or OSTYPE,
4384 even if it assigns them default values.
4386 y. Bash no longer removes the export attribute from SSH_CLIENT or SSH2_CLIENT
4387 if they appear in the initial environment.
4389 z. Bash no longer attempts to discover if it's being run by sshd in order to
4390 run the startup files. If the SSH_SOURCE_BASHRC is uncommented in
4391 config-top.h it will attempt to do so as previously, but that's commented
4392 out in the distributed version.
4394 aa. Fixed a typo in the code that tests for LC_NUMERIC.
4396 bb. The POSIXLY_CORRECT shell variable and its effects are now documented.
4398 cc. Some changes to several of the support shell scripts included in the
4399 definitions to try to avoid race conditions and attacks.
4401 dd. Several changes to avoid warnings from `gcc -Wall'.
4403 ee. Fixed a problem with the `unset' builtin that could cause incorrect
4404 results if asked to unset a variable and an array subscript in the
4407 ff. A few changes to the shell's temporary file creation code to avoid
4408 potential file descriptor leaks and to prefer the system's idea of
4409 the temporary directory to use.
4411 gg. Fixes to build with the C alloca in lib/malloc/alloca.c if the system
4412 requires it but the shell has been configured --without-bash-malloc.
4414 hh. Updated the documentation to note that only interactive shells resend
4415 SIGHUP to all jobs before exiting.
4417 ii. Fixes to only pass unquoted tilde words to tilde_expand, rather than
4418 rely on tilde_expand or getpwnam(3) to handle the quotes (MacOS 10.x
4419 will remove backslashes in any login name passed to getpwnam(3)).
4421 jj. Small change from Paul Eggert to make LINENO right in commands run with
4424 2. New Features in Bash
4426 a. The `printf' builtin now handles the %a and %A conversions if they're
4427 implemented by printf(3).
4429 b. The `printf' builtin now handles the %F conversion (just about like %f).
4431 c. The `printf' builtin now handles the %n conversion like printf(3). The
4432 corresponding argument is the name of a shell variable to which the
4435 3. Changes to Readline
4437 a. Fixed a few places where negative array subscripts could have occurred.
4439 b. Fixed the vi-mode code to use a better method to determine the bounds of
4440 the array used to hold the marks.
4442 c. Fixed the defines in chardefs.h to work better when chars are signed.
4444 d. Fixed configure.in to use the new names for bash autoconf macros.
4446 e. Readline no longer attempts to define its own versions of some ctype
4447 macros if they are implemented as functions in libc but not as macros in
4450 f. Fixed a problem where rl_backward could possibly set point to before
4451 the beginning of the line.
4453 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4454 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-beta1,
4455 and the previous version, bash-2.05a-alpha1.
4459 a. Fixed a bug in the evalution of arithmetic `for' statements when the
4460 expanded expression is NULL.
4462 b. Fixed an unassigned variable problem in the redirection printing code.
4464 c. Added more prototypes to extern function declarations in the header
4465 files and to static function declarations in C source files.
4467 d. Make sure called functions have a prototype in scope, to get the arguments
4468 and return values right instead of casting. Removed extern function
4469 declarations from C source files that were already included in header
4472 e. Changed some function arguments to use function typedefs in general.h so
4473 the prototypes can be checked. The only use of Function and VFunction
4474 now is for unwind-protects.
4476 f. More const changes to function arguments and appropriate variables.
4478 g. Changed the mail checking support to handle `maildir'-style mail
4481 h. Augmented the bash malloc to pass in the file and line number information
4482 for each malloc, realloc, and free. This should result in better error
4485 i. The `old' gnu malloc is no longer a configuration option.
4487 j. Augmented the bash malloc with optional tracing and registering allocated
4490 k. Prompt string decoding now saves and restores the value of $? when it
4491 expands the prompt string, so command substitutions don't change $?.
4493 i. Array indices are now `long', since shell arithmetic is performed as long,
4494 and the internal arrayind_t type is used consistently.
4496 j. Some more `unsigned char *' fixes from Paul Eggert.
4498 k. Fixed a bad call to builtin_error that could cause core dumps when making
4501 l. `return' may no longer be used to terminate a `select' command, for
4502 compatibility with ksh.
4504 m. Changed code that reads octal numbers to do a better job of detecting
4507 n. The time formatting code no longer uses absolute indices into a buffer,
4508 because the buffer size changes depending on the size of a `time_t'.
4510 o. `umask' now prints four digits when printing in octal mode, for
4511 compatibility with other shells.
4513 p. Lots of changes to the `printf' builtin from Paul Eggert: it handles `L'
4514 formats and long doubles better, and internal functions have been
4515 simpified where appropriate.
4517 q. Some `time_t' fixes for machines were a time_t is bigger than a long.
4519 r. Replaced some bash-specific autoconf macros with standard equivalents.
4521 s. Improvmed the code that constructs temporary filenames to make the
4522 generated names a bit more random.
4524 t. Added code that checks for ascii before calling any of the is* ctype
4527 u. Changed some places where a `char' was used as an array subscript to use
4528 `unsigned char', since a `char' can be negative if it's signed by default.
4530 v. Lots of changes to the `ulimit' builtin from Paul Eggert to add support
4531 for the new POSIX-200x RLIM_SAVED_CUR and RLIM_SAVED_MAX values and
4534 w. `ulimit' now prints the description of a resource in any error message
4535 relating to fetching or setting that resource's limits.
4537 x. The `snprintf' replacement now computes maximum values at compile
4538 time rather than using huge constants for things like long long.
4540 y. Interactive shells now ignore `set -n'.
4542 z. Changed the malloc bookkeeping information so that it's now 8 bytes
4543 instead of 12 on most 32-bit machines (saving 4 bytes per allocation),
4544 restoring 8-byte alignment.
4546 aa. The malloc error reporting code now attempts to print the file and line
4547 number of the call that caused the error.
4549 bb. Changed the redirection error reporting code to catch EBADF errors and
4550 report the file descriptor number rather than the file being redirected
4551 to or from (e.g., things like `exec 4242<x' where 4242 is an out-of-range
4554 cc. `printf', `echo -e', and the $'...' code now process only two hex digits
4555 after a `\x' escape sequence for compatibility with other shells, and
4556 the documentation was changed to note that the octal and hex escape
4557 sequences result in an eight-bit value rather than strict ASCII.
4559 2. Changes to Readline
4561 a. The completion code now attempts to do a better job of preserving the
4562 case of the word the user typed if ignoring case in completions.
4564 b. Readline defaults to not echoing the input and lets the terminal
4565 initialization code enable echoing if there is a controlling terminal.
4567 c. The key binding code now processes only two hex digits after a `\x'
4568 escape sequence, and the documentation was changed to note that the
4569 octal and hex escape sequences result in an eight-bit value rather
4572 3. New Features in Bash
4574 a. The builtin `ulimit' now takes two new non-numeric arguments: `hard',
4575 meaning the current hard limit, and `soft', meaning the current soft
4576 limit, in addition to `unlimited'
4578 b. `ulimit' now prints the option letter associated with a particular
4579 resource when printing more than one limit.
4581 c. `ulimit' prints `hard' or `soft' when a value is not `unlimited' but is
4582 one of RLIM_SAVED_MAX or RLIM_SAVED_CUR, respectively.
4584 4. New Features in Readline
4586 a. New bindable variable `history-preserve-point'. If set, the history
4587 code attempts to place the user at the same location on each history
4588 line retrived with previous-history or next-history.
4590 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4591 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-alpha1,
4592 and the previous version, bash-2.05-release.
4596 a. Better checks in the redirection code for write errors.
4598 b. bashbug now uses $TMPDIR, defaulting to /tmp, and uses mktemp(1) more
4601 c. System-specific configuration changes for: Interix, OpenBSD, FreeBSD,
4604 d. Some more `const' cleanups through the code.
4606 e. Fixed a typo in the /dev/fd redirection code, better checks for valid
4607 numeric fds in /dev/fd.
4609 f. Fixed many parts of the shell to handle integer overflow more gracefully
4610 and to do more stringent checks for valid numbers.
4612 g. Fixed mksignames to include config.h.
4614 h. Fixed an uninitialized variable problem that could cause the shell to core
4615 dump when replacing characters in a string.
4617 i. New mechanism for updating the patch level when official patches are
4618 released (patchlevel.h).
4620 j. configure.in changed to no longer require external files _distribution and
4623 k. Fixed non-interactive shell initialization problem when bash started as
4626 l. Fixed printf builtin conversion error handling to be POSIX.2-conformant.
4628 m. autoconf-2.52 is now used to build configure; autoconf-2.50 or newer is
4629 required. Some of the bash-specific macros were removed, since they are
4632 n. Startup files and files read with source or `.' are no longer required to
4635 o. Fixed core dump in builtin printf when user-supplied precision or field
4638 p. Fixed builtin printf to treat a negative field width as a positive field
4639 width with left-justification.
4641 r. New unwind-protect implementation from Paul Eggert.
4643 s. Fixed an inadvertently-unclosed comment in the bash completion code that
4644 caused programmable completions to not add trailing slashes or spaces to
4647 t. Fixed the process substitution code to cope better when stdin is closed.
4649 v. Fixes, mostly from Paul Eggert, for a few possible buffer overflows in
4652 w. Fixes from Paul Eggert to avoid most of the type casts in the shell code,
4653 and use more appropriate types for a number of variables.
4655 x. Command substition no longer inherits the DEBUG trap.
4657 y. Some fixes to the process substition code on machines without /dev/fd so
4658 that named pipes are not removed inappropriately.
4660 z. The loadable `getconf' builtin is now much more complete, and will become
4661 part of the shell in the future.
4663 aa. The select command no longer terminates on a `return', so it can be used
4664 to return from an enclosing function (as ksh does it).
4666 bb. Fixed the extended pattern matching code to behave better when presented
4667 with incorrectly-formed patterns.
4669 cc. Some changes were made with the intent of making cross-compilation easier.
4671 dd. The network code (/dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections) uses getaddrinfo(3)
4672 if it's available, which adds support for IPv6.
4674 ee. Subshells of login shells no longer source ~/.bash_logout when they exit.
4676 ff. Fixes so that subshells don't exit inappropriately if the -e option has
4679 gg. Restricted shells no longer allow functions to be exported.
4681 hh. Changes to the pattern matching code so extended pattern matching works
4682 on systems with deficient shared library implementations, like MacOS X.
4684 ii. Better error messages when a script with a leading `#!interp' fails
4685 to execute because of problems with `interp'.
4687 jj. Fixed `compgen' to handle the `-o default' option better.
4689 kk. Fixed the job control code to force an asynchronous process's standard
4690 input to /dev/null only if job control is not active.
4692 ll. Fixed a possible infinite recursion problem when `fc ""=abc' (a null
4693 pattern) is used to re-execute a previous command.
4695 mm. Fixed `declare [-a] var=value' to assign VALUE to element 0 if VAR is an
4696 array variable. Similarly for `declare [-a] var[N]=value'. This is like
4699 nn. Fixed a bug that caused `read -a aname' to work even if ANAME had been
4702 oo. Fixed a possible integer overflow problem when constructing names for
4705 2. New Features in Bash
4707 a. Added support for DESTDIR installation root prefix, so you can do a
4708 `make install DESTDIR=bash-root' and do easier binary packaging.
4710 b. Added support for builtin printf "'" flag character as per latest POSIX
4713 c. Support for POSIX.2 printf(1) length specifiers `j', `t', and `z' (from
4716 d. New autoconf macro, RL_LIB_READLINE_VERSION, for use by other applications
4717 (bash doesn't use very much of what it returns).
4719 e. `set [-+]o nolog' is recognized as required by the latest POSIX drafts,
4722 f. New read-only `shopt' option: login_shell. Set to non-zero value if the
4723 shell is a login shell.
4725 g. New `\A' prompt string escape sequence; expands to time in 24 HH:MM format.
4727 h. New `-A group/-g' option to complete and compgen; does group name
4730 i. New `-t' option to `hash' to list hash values for each filename argument.
4732 j. New [-+]O invocation option to set and unset `shopt' options at startup.
4734 k. configure's `--with-installed-readline' option now takes an optional
4735 `=PATH' suffix to set the root of the tree where readline is installed
4738 l. The ksh-like `ERR' trap has been added. The `ERR' trap will be run
4739 whenever the shell would have exited if the -e option were enabled.
4740 It is not inherited by shell functions.
4742 m. `readonly', `export', and `declare' now print variables which have been
4743 given attributes but not set by assigning a value as just a command and
4744 a variable name (like `export foo') when listing, as the latest POSIX
4747 n. `bashbug' now requires that the subject be changed from the default.
4749 o. configure has a new `--enable-largefile' option, like other GNU utilities.
4751 p. `for' loops now allow empty word lists after `in', like the latest POSIX
4754 3. Changes to Readline
4756 a. More `const' and type casting fixes.
4758 b. Changed rl_message() to use vsnprintf(3) (if available) to fix buffer
4761 c. The completion code no longer appends a `/' or ` ' to a match when
4762 completing a symbolic link that resolves to a directory name, unless
4763 the match does not add anything to the word being completed. This
4764 means that a tab will complete the word up to the full name, but not
4765 add anything, and a subsequent tab will add a slash.
4767 d. Fixed a trivial typo that made the vi-mode `dT' command not work.
4769 e. Fixed the tty code so that ^S and ^Q can be inserted with rl_quoted_insert.
4771 f. Fixed the tty code so that ^V works more than once.
4773 g. Changed the use of __P((...)) for function prototypes to PARAMS((...))
4774 because the use of __P in typedefs conflicted g++ and glibc.
4776 4. New Features in Readline
4778 a. Added extern declaration for rl_get_termcap to readline.h, making it a
4779 public function (it was always there, just not in readline.h).
4781 b. New #defines in readline.h: RL_READLINE_VERSION, currently 0x0402,
4782 RL_VERSION_MAJOR, currently 4, and RL_VERSION_MINOR, currently 2.
4784 c. New readline variable: rl_readline_version, mirrors RL_READLINE_VERSION.
4786 d. New bindable boolean readline variable: match-hidden-files. Controls
4787 completion of files beginning with a `.' (on Unix). Enabled by default.
4789 e. The history expansion code now allows any character to terminate a
4790 `:first-' modifier, like csh.
4792 f. The incremental search code remembers the last search string and uses
4793 it if ^R^R is typed without a search string.
4795 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4796 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-release,
4797 and the previous version, bash-2.05-beta2.
4801 a. Make sure we note that the first line of a multi-line command was not
4802 saved in the history if the tests for HISTCONTROL succeed, but the
4803 HISTIGNORE check fails.
4805 b. Fixed a bug in the pattern matching code that caused `[' to be treated
4806 as a special character inside a `[...]' bracket expression.
4808 c. Fixed a bug in the pattern matching code that caused `]' to terminate
4809 a bracket expression even if it was the first character after the `['
4810 (or a leading `!' or `^').
4812 d. Made a small change to report a more user-friendly error message if
4813 execve(2) fails because of an error with the interpreter in a script
4814 with a leading `#! interpreter'.
4816 e. If the OS does not support an exec(2) magic number of `#!', make sure we
4817 have a non-null interpreter name before attempting to execute it.
4819 f. Fixed a bug that caused the shell process to end up in a different
4820 process group than the controlling terminal if a job-control shell was
4821 run with `exec' in the startup files.
4823 g. When started in POSIX mode, either by `bash --posix', `bash -o posix', or
4824 `sh', $SHELLOPTS includes `posix' and POSIXLY_CORRECT is set.
4826 h. Fixed a problem that caused the `\W' prompt string escape sequence to
4827 expand to nothing when $PWD was `//'.
4829 i. The `bashbug' shell script no longer uses $(...) command substitution.
4831 j. When `set' is invoked without options in POSIX mode, it no longer prints
4832 the names and definitions of shell functions.
4834 2. Changes to Readline
4836 a. rl_set_paren_blink_timeout() is now documented.
4838 b. Corrected history.3 man page: `$' is not in the default value of
4839 history_word_delimiters.
4841 c. If a hook function assigned to rl_event_hook sets rl_done to a non-zero
4842 value, rl_read_key() now immediately returns '\n' (which is assumed to
4843 be bound to accept-line).
4845 3. New Features in Bash
4847 a. The `>&word' redirection now works in POSIX mode as it does by default,
4848 since POSIX.2 leaves it unspecified.
4850 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4851 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-beta2,
4852 and the previous version, bash-2.05-beta1.
4856 a. Fixed a bug in the arithmetic evaluation code so that a^=b is supported.
4858 b. Fixed startup so posixly_correct is retained across subshells begun to
4859 execute scripts without a leading `#!'.
4861 c. Fixed a bug that caused $(< file) to not work in a (...) subshell.
4863 d. Added config support for Linux running on the IBM S390.
4865 e. Fixed a bug that caused bash to get its input pointer out of sync when
4866 reading commands through a pipe and running a command with standard
4867 input redirected from a file.
4869 f. Made a change so that command completion now makes about half as many
4870 stat(2) calls when searching the $PATH.
4872 g. Fixed a bug that caused variable assignments preceding `return' to not
4873 be propagated to the shell environment in POSIX mode.
4875 h. Fixed a bug with ${parameter[:]?word} -- tilde expansion was not performed
4878 i. In POSIX mode, `break' and `continue' do not complain and return success
4879 if called when the shell is not executing a loop.
4881 j. Fixed `bash -o posix' to work the same as `bash --posix'.
4883 k. Fixed a bug where variable assignments preceding `eval' or `source/.'
4884 would not show up in the environment exported to subshells run by the
4887 l. In POSIX mode, shells started to execute command substitutions inherit
4888 the value of the `-e' option from their parent shell.
4890 m. In POSIX mode, aliases are expanded even in non-interactive shells.
4892 n. Changed some of the job control messages to display the text required by
4893 POSIX.2 when the shell is in POSIX mode.
4895 o. Fixed a bug in `test' that caused it to occasionally return incorrect
4896 results when non-numeric arguments were supplied to `-t'.
4898 2. Changes to Readline
4900 a. Some changes were made to avoid gcc warnings with -Wall.
4902 b. rl_get_keymap_by_name now finds keymaps case-insensitively, so
4903 `set keymap EMACS' works.
4905 c. The history file writing and truncation functions now return a useful
4908 d. Fixed a bug that could cause applications to dereference a NULL pointer
4909 if a NULL second argument was passed to history_expand().
4911 3. New Features in Bash
4913 a. doc/readline.3 has been moved to the readline distribution.
4915 4. New Features in Readline
4917 a. New function, rl_get_screen_size (int *rows, int *columns), returns
4918 readline's idea of the screen dimensions.
4920 b. The timeout in rl_gather_tyi (readline keyboard input polling function)
4921 is now settable via a function (rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout()).
4923 c. Renamed the max_input_history variable to history_max_entries; the old
4924 variable is maintained for backwards compatibility.
4926 d. The list of characters that separate words for the history tokenizer is
4927 now settable with a variable: history_word_delimiters. The default
4930 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4931 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-beta1,
4932 and the previous version, bash-2.05-alpha1.
4936 a. Changes to allow shared library and object building on the GNU Hurd.
4938 b. Fixes to the way exported functions are placed into the environment and
4941 c. The globbing library once again respects locales when processing ranges
4942 in bracket expressions while doing pattern matching.
4944 d. System-specific configuration changes for: Tru 64, Interix
4946 e. Bashbug now uses /usr/bin/editor as one of the editing alternatives, and
4947 will use mktemp(1) or tempfile(1), if present, for temporary file creation.
4949 f. Bash no longer performs a binary file check on a script argument that's
4950 really a tty (like /dev/fd/0 or /dev/stdin).
4952 g. Fixed a bug in the execution of shell scripts that caused the effects of
4953 $BASH_ENV to be undone in some cases.
4955 h. Fixed several bugs that made `bash [-i] /dev/stdin' not work correctly.
4957 i. Several changes to the job control code to avoid some signal state
4960 j. The Bash malloc no longer blocks signals as often, which should make it
4963 k. Fixed a parsing bug that did not allow backslash to escape a single quote
4964 inside a $'...' construct.
4966 l. Fixed a bug that caused things like ${var:=$'value'} to be parsed
4967 incorrectly. This showed up in newer versions of autoconf.
4969 m. Fixed a bug in the bash-specific readline initialization that caused
4970 key bindings to bash-specific function names appearing in .inputrc to
4973 n. Bash now sets the file descriptor it uses to save the file descriptor
4974 opened on a shell script to close on exec.
4976 o. Fixed a bug in the prompt string decoding that caused it to misbehave
4977 when presented an octal sequence of fewer than three characters.
4979 p. Fixed the `test' builtin to return an error if `[' is supplied a single
4980 argument that is not `]'.
4982 q. Fixed a bug that caused subshells started to run executable shell scripts
4983 without a leading `#!' to incorrectly inherit an argument list preceding
4984 a shell builtin (like such a script called from a script sourced with `.',
4985 where there were variable assignments preceding the `.' command)
4987 r. Fixed a bug that caused changes to variables supplied in an assignment
4988 statement preceding a shell builtin to not be honored (like a script
4991 s. HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, and MACHTYPE are set only if they do not have values
4992 when the shell is started.
4994 t. Fixed a bug that caused SIGINT to kill shell scripts after the script
4997 u. The `fc' builtin now tries to create its temporary files in the directory
5000 v. Bash no longer calls any Readline functions or uses any Readline variables
5001 not declared in readline.h.
5003 w. Fixed a bug that caused some substitutions involving $@ to not be split
5004 correctly, especially expansions of the form ${paramterOPword}.
5006 x. SSH2_CLIENT is now treated like SSH_CLIENT and not auto-exported if it
5007 appears in the initial environment.
5009 y. Fixed a couple of problems with shell scripts without a leading `#!'
5010 being executed out of shell functions that could cause core dumps if
5011 such a script attempted to execute `return'.
5013 z. Fixed a problem with the `-nt' and `-ot' binary operators for the
5014 `test/[' builtin and the `[[' conditional command that caused wrong
5015 return values if one of the file arguments did not exist.
5017 aa. Fixed a bug that caused non-interactive shells which had previously
5018 executed `shopt -s expand_aliases' to fail to expand aliases in a
5019 command like `(command) &'.
5021 2. Changes to Readline
5023 a. Changes to make most (but not yet all -- there is still crlf()) of the
5024 exported readline functions declared in readline.h have an rl_ prefix.
5026 b. More `const' changes in function arguments, mostly for completion
5029 c. Fixed a bug in rl_forward that could cause the point to be set to before
5030 the beginning of the line in vi mode.
5032 d. Fixed a bug in the callback read-char interface to make it work when a
5033 readline function pushes some input onto the input stream with
5034 rl_execute_next (like the incremental search functions).
5036 e. Fixed a file descriptor leak in the history file manipulation code that
5037 was tripped when attempting to truncate a non-regular file (like
5040 f. Some existing variables are now documented and part of the public
5041 interface (declared in readline.h): rl_explict_arg, rl_numeric_arg,
5042 rl_editing_mode, rl_last_func.
5044 g. Renamed rltty_set_default_bindings to rl_tty_set_default_bindings and
5045 crlf to rl_crlf, so there are no public functions declared in readline.h
5046 without an `rl_' prefix. The old functions still exist for backwards
5049 3. New Features in Bash
5051 a. A new loadable builtin, realpath, which canonicalizes and expands symlinks
5052 in pathname arguments.
5054 b. When `set' is called without options, it prints function defintions in a
5055 way that allows them to be reused as input. This affects `declare' and
5056 `declare -p' as well.
5058 4. New Features in Readline
5060 a. New application-callable function rl_set_prompt(const char *prompt):
5061 expands its prompt string argument and sets rl_prompt to the result.
5063 b. New application-callable function rl_set_screen_size(int rows, int cols):
5064 public method for applications to set readline's idea of the screen
5067 c. The history example program (examples/histexamp.c) is now built as one
5070 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5071 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-alpha1,
5072 and the previous version, bash-2.04-release.
5076 a. A fix was made to allow newlines in compond array assignments.
5078 b. configure now checks for real-time signals with unusable values.
5080 c. Interactive shells no longer exit if a substitution fails because of an
5081 unset variable within a sourced file.
5083 d. Fixed a problem with incorrect matching of extended glob patterns when
5084 doing pattern substitution.
5086 e. `{' is now quoted by the completion code when it appears in a filename.
5088 f. Fixed an error in pattern matching that caused the matcher to not
5089 correctly skip the rest of a bracket expression after a character
5092 g. Fixed a bug in the IFS word splitting code to make a non-whitespace IFS
5093 character preceded by IFS whitespace part of the current delimiter rather
5094 than generating a separate field.
5096 h. The {!prefix@} expansion now generates separate words, analogous to $@,
5099 i. Command substitution now ignores NUL bytes in the command output, and the
5100 parser ignores them on input.
5102 j. A fix was made to the job control code to prevent hanging processes when
5103 the shell thinks background processes are running but the kernel returns
5104 -1/ECHILD from waitpid().
5106 k. `pwd' now prints an error message if the write fails when displaying the
5109 l. When in POSIX mode, the shell prints trap dispostions without a leading
5110 `SIG' in the signal specification.
5112 m. Fixed a parser bug that caused the current command's line count to be
5113 messed up by a compound array assignment.
5115 n. Fixed a bug in the unwind-protect code that caused bad behavior on machines
5116 where ints and pointers are not the same size.
5118 o. System-specific configure changes for: MacOS X.
5120 p. Changes for Cygwin to translate \r\n and \r to \n and to set file
5121 descriptors used for reading input to text mode in various places.
5123 q. Fixed a bug that caused `!' to occasionally not be honored when in
5126 r. Bash no longer assumes that getcwd() will return any useful error message
5127 in the buffer passed as an argument if the call fails.
5129 s. The `source', `.', and `fc' builtins no longer check whether a file is
5130 binary before reading commands from it.
5132 t. Subshells no longer turn off job control when they exit, since that
5133 sometimes resulted in the terminal being reset to the wrong process
5136 u. The history code no longer tries to save the second and subsequent lines
5137 of a multi-line command if the first line was not saved.
5139 v. The history saving code now does a better job of saving blank lines in a
5142 w. Removed a `feature' that made `ulimit' silently translate `unlimited' to
5143 the current hard limit, which obscured some kernel error returns.
5145 x. Fixed the grammar so that `}' is recognized as a reserved word after
5146 another reserved word, rather than requiring a `;' or newline. This
5147 means that constructs like
5149 { { echo a b c ; } }
5153 y. Conditional commands ([[...]]) now perform tilde expansion on their
5156 z. Noted in the documentation that `set -a' will cause functions to be
5157 exported if they are defined after `set -a' is executed.
5159 aa. When an interactive login shell starts, if $PWD and $HOME refer to the
5160 same directory but are not the same string, $PWD is set to $HOME.
5162 bb. Fixed `printf' to handle invalid floating point numbers better.
5164 cc. Temporary files are now created with random filenames, to improve security.
5166 dd. The readline initialization code now binds the custom bash functions and
5167 key bindings after the readline defaults are set up.
5169 ee. Fixed the `source' builtin to no longer overwrite a shell function's
5170 argument list, even if the sourced file changes the positional parameters.
5172 ff. A bug fix was made in the expansion of `$*' in contexts where it should
5173 not be split, like assignment statements.
5175 gg. Fixed a bug in the parameter substring expansion to handle conditional
5176 arithmetic expressions ( exp ? val1 : val2 ) without cutting the expression
5177 off at the wrong `:'.
5179 hh. The `<>' redirection is no longer subject to the current setting of
5180 `noclobber', as POSIX.2 specifies.
5182 ii. Fixed a bug in the conditional command parsing code that caused expressions
5183 in parentheses to occasionally be parsed incorrectly.
5185 jj. Fixed a bug in the ((...)) arithmetic command to allow do...done or
5186 {...} to follow the )) without an intervening list terminator.
5188 kk. `printf' now treats `\E' the same as `\e' when performing backslash escape
5189 expansion for the `%b' format specifier.
5191 ll. When in POSIX mode, the shell no longer searches the current directory for
5192 a file to be sourced with `.' or `source' if `.' is not in $PATH.
5194 mm. Interactive comments are no longer turned off when POSIX mode is disabled.
5196 nn. The UID, EUID, HOSTNAME variables are not set if they are in the shell's
5197 environment when it starts up.
5199 oo. Fixed a bug in the `command' builtin so the effect of a command like
5200 `command exec 4<file' is as if the `command' had been omitted.
5202 pp. ${foo[@]} and ${foo[*]} now work as in ksh93 if `foo' is not an array
5205 qq. ${#foo[X]}, where X is 0, @, or *, now work as in ksh93 if `foo' is not
5208 rr. The shell's idea of an absolute pathname now takes into account a
5209 possible drive specification on Cygwin and other Windows systems.
5211 ss. Fixed a bug which caused incorrect parsing of some multi-character
5212 constructs if they were split across input lines with backslash-newline
5215 tt. Fixed a bug that caused restricted shell mode to be set inappropriately
5216 when trying to execute a shell script without a leading `#!'.
5218 uu. Shell function definitions no longer require that the body be a group
5219 command ( {...} ), as POSIX.2 requires.
5221 vv. The `cd' and `pwd' builtins now process symlinks in pathnames internally
5222 and should require many fewer calls to getcwd().
5224 ww. Fixed a bug that caused a pipeline's process group to be set incorrectly
5225 if one of the pipeline elements contained a command substitution.
5227 xx. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when expanding the value of HISTIGNORE.
5229 yy. The output of `set' is now quoted using $'...' so invisible characters are
5230 displayed as escape sequences.
5232 zz. Fixed the help text for `unset', since PATH and IFS may both be unset.
5234 aaa. The shell no longer puts directory names into the command hash table.
5236 bbb. Fixed a bug in `read' that caused it to occasionally free memory twice if
5237 it was interrupted after reading a large amount of data.
5239 ccc. Assignment statements that attempt to assign values to readonly variables
5240 now cause the command to return an error status.
5242 ddd. Fixed a bug that could cause incorrect output if a $(<file) construct was
5245 eee. GROUPS and FUNCNAME now return an error status when assignment is
5246 attempted, but may be unset (in which case they lose their special
5247 properties). In all respects except unsetting, they are readonly.
5249 fff. The string-to-integer conversion code now ignores trailing whitespace in
5250 the string, even if strtol(3) does not.
5252 ggg. The tcsh magic-space function now does a better job of inserting the
5253 space close to where the point was before the history expansion, rather
5254 than just appending it.
5256 hhh. Fixed a bug which caused a file sourced from an interactive shell to
5257 fill up the jobs table if it ran lots of jobs.
5259 iii. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code to avoid infinite
5260 recursion on zero-length matches.
5262 2. Changes to Readline
5264 a. When setting the terminal attributes on systems using `struct termio',
5265 readline waits for output to drain before changing the attributes.
5267 b. A fix was made to the history word tokenization code to avoid attempts to
5268 dereference a null pointer.
5270 c. Readline now defaults rl_terminal_name to $TERM if the calling application
5271 has left it unset, and tries to initialize with the resultant value.
5273 d. Instead of calling (*rl_getc_function)() directly to get input in certain
5274 places, readline now calls rl_read_key() consistently.
5276 e. Fixed a bug in the completion code that allowed a backslash to quote a
5277 single quote inside a single-quoted string.
5279 f. rl_prompt is no longer assigned directly from the argument to readline(),
5280 but uses memory allocated by readline. This allows constant strings to
5281 be passed to readline without problems arising when the prompt processing
5282 code wants to modify the string.
5284 g. Fixed a bug that caused non-interactive history searches to return the
5285 wrong line when performing multiple searches backward for the same string.
5287 h. Many variables, function arguments, and function return values are now
5288 declared `const' where appropriate, to improve behavior when linking with
5291 i. The control character detection code now works better on systems where
5292 `char' is unsigned by default.
5294 j. The vi-mode numeric argument is now capped at 999999, just like emacs mode.
5296 k. The Function, CPFunction, CPPFunction, and VFunction typedefs have been
5297 replaced with a set of specific prototyped typedefs, though they are
5298 still in the readline header files for backwards compatibility.
5300 m. Nearly all of the (undocumented) internal global variables in the library
5301 now have an _rl_ prefix -- there were a number that did not, like
5302 screenheight, screenwidth, alphabetic, etc.
5304 n. The ding() convenience function has been renamed to rl_ding(), though the
5305 old function is still defined for backwards compatibility.
5307 o. The completion convenience functions filename_completion_function,
5308 username_completion_function, and completion_matches now have an rl_
5309 prefix, though the old names are still defined for backwards compatibility.
5311 p. The functions shared by readline and bash (linkage is satisfied from bash
5312 when compiling with bash, and internally otherwise) now have an sh_ prefix.
5314 q. Changed the shared library creation procedure on Linux and BSD/OS 4.x so
5315 that the `soname' contains only the major version number rather than the
5316 major and minor numbers.
5318 r. Fixed a redisplay bug that occurred when the prompt spanned more than one
5319 physical line and contained invisible characters.
5321 3. New Features in Bash
5323 a. Added a new `--init-file' invocation argument as a synonym for `--rcfile',
5324 per the new GNU coding standards.
5326 b. The /dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections now accept service names as well as
5329 c. `complete' and `compgen' now take a `-o value' option, which controls some
5330 of the aspects of that compspec. Valid values are:
5332 default - perform bash default completion if programmable
5333 completion produces no matches
5334 dirnames - perform directory name completion if programmable
5335 completion produces no matches
5336 filenames - tell readline that the compspec produces filenames,
5337 so it can do things like append slashes to
5338 directory names and suppress trailing spaces
5340 4. New Features in Readline
5342 a. The blink timeout for paren matching is now settable by applications.
5344 b. _rl_executing_macro has been renamed to rl_executing_macro, which means
5345 it's now part of the public interface.
5347 c. Readline has a new variable, rl_readline_state, which is a bitmap that
5348 encapsulates the current state of the library; intended for use by
5349 callbacks and hook functions.
5351 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5352 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-release,
5353 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta5.
5357 a. Better compile-time and configure-time checks for the necessity of
5360 b. A bug was fixed in the expansion of "${@:-}" when there are positional
5363 c. A typo was fixed in the output of `complete'.
5365 d. The matches generated for a word by the `-W' argument to complete and
5366 compgen are now matched against the word being completed, and only
5367 matches are returned as the result.
5369 e. Some fixes were made for systems which do not restart read(2) when a
5370 signal caught by bash is received.
5372 f. A bug was fixed which caused the umask to be set to 0 when an invalid
5373 symbolic mode mask was parsed.
5375 g. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if a SIGCHLD was received while
5376 performing an assignment statement using command substitution.
5378 h. Changed the word splitting function for programmable completion so cases
5379 in which the cursor is between words are handled a bit better.
5381 2. Changes to Readline
5383 a. rl_funmap_names() is now documented.
5385 3. New Features in Bash
5387 a. The LC_NUMERIC variable is now treated specially, and used to set the
5388 LC_NUMERIC locale category for number formatting, e.g., when `printf'
5389 displays floating-point numbers.
5391 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5392 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta5,
5393 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta4.
5397 a. A couple of changes were made to the Makefiles for easier building on
5400 b. Fixed a bug where the current prompt would be set to $PS2 at startup.
5402 c. The shell script that tests an already-installed version was changed to
5403 remove the directory it created its test programs in at exit.
5405 d. Several changes were made to the code that tokenizes an input line for
5406 the programmable completion code. Shell metacharacters will now appear
5407 as individual words in the word list passed to the completion functions.
5408 Some of the example completion shell functions were changed to understand
5409 redirection operators.
5411 e. A bug was fixed that, under obscure circumstances, could confuse the
5412 parser when a shell function was run by the programmable completion code.
5414 f. A bug was fixed in the ulimit builtin for systems not using getrlimit().
5416 g. The execution code now propagates the correct exit status back to the rest
5417 of the code if the return value of a subshell command was being inverted.
5418 Some new test cases for inverting return values with the `!' reserved
5419 word have been added.
5421 h. Negative exponents in the arithmetic evaluation of v**e now return an
5424 i. A bug that caused bash to check the wrong process in a pipeline for
5425 abnormal termination (and consequently resetting the terminal attributes)
5428 j. Fixed a bug that caused $PS2 to be displayed after PROMPT_COMMAND was
5431 2. Changes to Readline
5433 1. Fixed a bug in a C preprocessor define that caused the keypad control
5434 functions to be compiled out for all platforms except DJGPP.
5436 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5437 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta4,
5438 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta3.
5442 a. A couple of changes were made to the redirection to attempt to avoid
5443 race conditions and malicious file replacement.
5445 2. A change was made to the string evaluation code (used for command
5446 substitution, `eval', and the `.' builtin) to fix an obscure core
5447 dump on alpha machines.
5449 3. A bug that caused $LINENO to be wrong when executing arithmetic for
5452 4. A couple of memory leaks in the programmable completion code were fixed.
5454 5. A bug that could cause a core dump by freeing memory twice during a call
5455 to `eval' if `set -u' had been enabled and an undefined variable was
5456 referenced was fixed.
5458 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5459 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta3,
5460 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta2.
5464 a. Bash should run the appropriate startup files when invoked by ssh2.
5466 b. Fixed a bug in the parsing of conditional commands that could cause a
5469 c. Fixed a bug in parsing job specifications that occasionally caused
5470 core dumps when an out-of-range job was referenced.
5472 d. Fixed the `type' and `command' builtins to do better reporting of
5473 commands that are not found in $PATH or the hash table.
5475 e. Fixed a POSIX.2 compliance problem in the command builtin -- commands
5476 are supposed to be reported as full pathnames.
5478 f. The `echo' builtin now returns failure if a write error occurs.
5480 g. Fixed a bug which caused the locale to not be reset correctly when
5483 h. Changed description of `getopts' in man page and reference manual to make
5484 it clear that option characters may be characters other than letters.
5486 i. If the shell exits while in a function, make sure that any trap on EXIT
5487 doesn't think the function is still executing.
5489 j. Bashbug now tries harder to find a usable editor if $EDITOR is not set,
5490 rather than simply defaulting to `emacs'.
5492 k. Changes to the scripts that guess and canonicalize the system type, from
5493 the latest `automake' distribution via Debian.
5495 l. When using named pipes for process substitution, make sure the file
5496 descriptors opened for reading are set to non-blocking mode.
5498 m. Fixed a bug that caused termination of pipelines that are killed by a
5499 signal to not be reported in some cases.
5501 n. When not in literal-history mode, shell comment lines are not added to
5504 o. When running in POSIX.2 mode, bash no longer performs word splitting on
5505 the expanded value of the word supplied as the filename argument to
5506 redirection operators.
5508 p. The prompt string decoding code now backslash-quotes only characters that
5509 are special within double quotes when expanding the \w and \W escape
5512 q. Fixed a bug in the prompt decoding code that could cause a non-interactive
5513 shell to seg fault if `\u' was used in PS4 and the shell was in xtrace
5516 r. Fixed a bug that caused function definitions to be printed with any
5517 redirections that should be attached to the entire function before the
5520 s. Changed the tilde expansion code for Cygwin systems to avoid creating
5521 pathnames beginning with `//' if $HOME == `/'.
5523 t. Fixed a couple of autoconf tests to avoid creating files with fixed names
5526 u. The `trap' and `kill' builtins now know the names of the POSIX.1b real-
5527 time signals on systems which support them.
5529 2. Changes to Readline
5531 a. Fixed a problem with the single-quote quoting function that could cause
5534 b. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect `stat characters' to be printed if
5535 the files being completed were in the root directory and visible-stats
5538 3. New Features in Bash
5540 a. There is a new `rbash.1' manual page, from the Debian release.
5542 b. The `--enable-usg-echo-default' option to `configure' has been renamed to
5543 `--enable-xpg-echo-default'. The old option is still there for backwards
5546 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5547 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta2,
5548 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta1.
5552 a. Fixed a bug that could cause pipes to be closed inappropriately in
5555 b. Fixed a bug that caused creation of the exported environment to clobber
5556 the current command string if there were any exported shell functions.
5558 c. Some changes were made to reduce bash's memory usage.
5560 d. Fixed a problem with programmable completion and filenames to be
5561 completed containing quote characters.
5563 e. Changed the code the removes named pipes created for the <(...) and >(...)
5564 expansions to defer removal until after any current shell function has
5567 f. Fixed a bug in `select' which caused it to not handle the `continue'
5570 g. Autoconf tests added for cygwin32 and mingw32.
5572 2. New Features in Bash
5574 a. The `--with-bash-malloc' configure option replaces `--with-gnu-malloc'
5575 (which is still there for backwards compatibility).
5577 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5578 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta1,
5579 and the previous version, bash-2.04-alpha1.
5583 a. Fixed a bug in the programmable completion code that occurred when
5584 trying to complete command lines containing a `;' or `@'.
5586 b. The file descriptor from which the shell is reading a script is now
5587 moved to a file descriptor above the user-addressible range.
5589 c. Changes to `printf' so that it can handle integers beginning with 0
5590 or 0x as octal and hex, respectively.
5592 d. Fixes to the programmable completion code so it handles nonsense like
5593 `compgen -C xyz' gracefully.
5595 e. The shell no longer modifies the signal handler for SIGPROF, allowing
5596 profiling again on certain systems.
5598 f. The shell checks for a new window size, if the user has requested it,
5599 after a process exits due to a signal.
5601 g. Fixed a bug with variables with null values in a program's temporary
5602 environment and the bash getenv() replacement.
5604 h. `declare' and the other builtins that take variable assignments as
5605 arguments now honor `set -a' and mark modified variables for export.
5607 i. Some changes were made for --dump-po-strings mode when writing strings
5608 with embedded newlines.
5610 j. The code that caches export strings from the initial environment now
5611 duplicates the string rather than just pointing into the environment.
5613 k. The filename completion quoting code now uses single quotes by default
5614 if the filename being completed contains newlines, since \<newline>
5615 has a special meaning to the parser.
5617 l. Bash now uses typedefs bits32_t and u_bits32_t instead of int32_t and
5618 u_int32_t, respectively to avoid conflicts on certain Unix versions.
5620 m. Configuration changes were made for: Rhapsody, Mac OS, FreeBSD-3.x.
5622 n. Fixed a problem with hostname-to-ip-address translation in the
5623 /dev/(tcp|udp)/hostname/port redirection code.
5625 o. The texinfo manual has been reorganized slightly.
5627 p. Filename generation (globbing) range comparisons in bracket expressions
5628 no longer use strcoll(3) even if it is available, since it has unwanted
5629 effects in certain locales.
5631 q. Fixed a cosmetic problem in the source that caused the shell to not
5632 compile if DPAREN_ARITHMETIC was not defined but ARITH_FOR_COMMAND was.
5634 r. Fixed a bug in the here-document code tripped when the file descriptor
5635 opened to the file containing the text of the here document was the
5636 same as a redirector specified by the user.
5638 s. Fixed a bug where the INVERT_RETURN flag was not being set for `pipeline'
5639 in `time ! pipeline'.
5641 t. Fixed a bug with the `wait' builtin which manifested itself when an
5642 interrupt was received while the shell was waiting for asynchronous
5643 processes in a shell script.
5645 u. Fixed the DEBUG trap code so that it has the correct value of $?.
5647 v. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code that could cause
5648 the shell to attempt to free unallocated memory if the pattern started
5649 with `/' and an expansion error occurs.
5651 w. Fixed a bug in the positional parameter substring code that could
5652 cause the shell to loop freeing freed memory.
5654 x. Fixed a bug in the positional parameter pattern substitution code so
5655 that it correctly handles null replacement strings with a pattern
5656 string prefixed with `%' or `#'.
5658 y. The shell no longer attempts to import functions from the environment if
5661 z. Fixed a bug that caused `return' in a command substitution executed in
5662 a shell function to return from the function in a subshell and continue
5665 aa. `hash -p /pathname/with/slashes name' is no longer allowed when the shell
5668 bb. The wait* job control functions now behave better if called when there
5669 are no unwaited-for children.
5671 cc. Command substitution no longer unconditionally disables job control in
5672 the subshell started to run the command.
5674 dd. A bug was fixed that occasionally caused traps to mess up the parser
5677 ee. `bashbug' now honors user headers in the mail message it sends.
5679 ff. A bug was fixed that caused the `:p' history modifier to not print the
5680 history expansion if the `histverify' option was set.
5682 2. Changes to Readline
5684 a. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code for lines with more than 256 line
5687 b. A bug was fixed which caused invisible character markers to not be
5688 stripped from the prompt string if the terminal was in no-echo mode.
5690 c. Readline no longer tries to get the variables it needs for redisplay
5691 from the termcap entry if the calling application has specified its
5692 own redisplay function. Readline treats the terminal as `dumb' in
5695 d. Fixes to the SIGWINCH code so that a multiple-line prompt with escape
5696 sequences is redrawn correctly.
5698 3. New Features in Bash
5700 a. `bashbug' now accepts `--help' and `--version' options.
5702 b. There is a new `xpg_echo' option to `shopt' that controls the behavior
5703 of echo with respect to backslash-escaped characters at runtime.
5705 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5706 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-alpha1,
5707 and the previous version, bash-2.04-devel.
5711 a. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when performing substring
5714 b. Shared object configuration changes for: Solaris, OSF/1
5716 c. The POSIX_GLOB_LIBRARY code that uses the POSIX.2 globbing facilities
5717 for pathname expansion now understands GLOBIGNORE.
5719 d. The code that implements `eval' was changed to save the value of the
5720 current prompt, so an eval in a shell function called by the programmable
5721 completion code will not change the prompt to $PS2.
5723 e. Restored the undocumented NON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS #define to
5724 config-top.h. If this is defined, all login shells will read the
5725 startup files, not just interactive and non-interactive started with
5726 the `--login' option.
5728 f. Fixed a bug that caused the expansion code to occasionally dump core if
5729 IFS contained characters > 128.
5731 g. Fixed a problem with the grammar so that a newline is not required
5732 after the `))' in the new-style arithmetic for statement; a semicolon
5733 may be used as expected.
5735 h. Variable indirection may now reference the shell's special variables.
5737 i. The $'...' and $"..." constructs are now added to the history correctly
5738 if they contain newlines and command-oriented history is enabled.
5740 j. It is now an error to try to assign a value to a function-local copy
5741 of a readonly shell variable (declared with the `local' builtin).
5743 2. Changes to Readline
5745 a. The history file code now uses O_BINARY mode when reading and writing
5746 the history file on cygwin32.
5748 3. New Features in Bash
5750 a. A new programmable completion facility, with two new builtin commands:
5751 complete and compgen.
5753 b. configure has a new option, `--enable-progcomp', to compile in the
5754 programmable completion features (enabled by default).
5756 c. `shopt' has a new option, `progcomp', to enable and disable programmable
5757 completion at runtime.
5759 d. Unsetting HOSTFILE now clears the list of hostnames used for completion.
5761 4. New Features in Readline
5763 a. A new variable, rl_gnu_readline_p, always 1. The intent is that an
5764 application can verify whether or not it is linked with the `real'
5765 readline library or some substitute.
5767 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5768 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-devel,
5769 and the previous version, bash-2.03-release.
5773 a. System-specific configuration and source changes for: Interix, Rhapsody
5775 b. Fixed a bug in execute_cmd.c that resulted in a compile-time error if
5776 JOB_CONTROL was not defined.
5778 c. An obscure race condition in the trap code was fixed.
5780 d. The string resulting from $'...' is now requoted to avoid any further
5783 e. The $'...' quoting syntax now allows backslash to escape a single quote,
5784 for ksh-93 compatibility.
5786 f. The $"..." quoting syntax now escapes backslashes and double quotes in
5787 the translated string when displaying them with the --dump-po-strings
5790 g. `echo -e' no longer converts \' to '.
5792 h. Fixes were made to the extended globbing code to handle embedded (...)
5795 i. Some improvements were made to the code that unsets `nodelay' mode on
5796 the file descriptor from which bash is reading input.
5798 j. Some changes were made to the replacement termcap library for better
5799 operation on MS-DOS.
5801 k. Some changes were made to the tilde expansion code to handle backslash
5802 as a pathname separator on MS-DOS.
5804 l. The source has been reorganized a little bit -- there is now an `include'
5805 subdirectory, and lib/posixheaders has been removed.
5807 m. Improvements were made to the `read' builtin so that it makes many
5808 fewer read(2) system calls.
5810 n. The expansion of $- will include `c' and `s' when those options are
5811 supplied at shell invocation.
5813 o. Several improvments were made to the completion code: variable completion
5814 now works better when there are unterminated expansions, command
5815 completion understands quotes better, and completion now works in certain
5816 unclosed $(... constructs.
5818 p. The arithmetic expansion code was fixed to not need the value of a
5819 variable being assigned a value (fixes the "ss=09; let ss=10" bug).
5821 q. Some changes were made to make exported environment creation faster.
5823 r. The html documentation will be installed into $(htmldir) if that variable
5824 has a value when `make install' is run.
5826 s. Fixed a bug that would cause the bashrc file to be sourced inappropriately
5827 when bash is started by sshd.
5829 t. The SSH_CLIENT environment variable is no longer auto-exported.
5831 u. A bug that caused redirections with (...) subshells to be performed in
5832 the wrong order was fixed.
5834 v. A bug that occasionally caused inappropriate expansion of assignment
5835 statements in compound array assignments was fixed.
5837 w. The code that parses the words in a compound array assignment was
5838 simplified considerably and should work better now.
5840 x. Fixes to the non-job-control code in nojobs.c to make it POSIX.2-compliant
5841 when a user attempts to retrieve the status of a terminated background
5844 y. Fixes to the `printf' builtin so that it doesn't try to expand all
5845 backslash escape sequences in the format string before parsing it for
5846 % format specifiers.
5848 2. Changes to Readline
5850 a. The history library tries to truncate the history file only if it is a
5853 b. A bug that caused _rl_dispatch to address negative array indices on
5854 systems with signed chars was fixed.
5856 c. rl-yank-nth-arg now leaves the history position the same as when it was
5859 d. Changes to the completion code to handle MS-DOS drive-letter:pathname
5862 e. Completion is now case-insensitive by default on MS-DOS.
5864 f. Fixes to the history file manipulation code for MS-DOS.
5866 g. Readline attempts to bind the arrow keys to appropriate defaults on MS-DOS.
5868 h. Some fixes were made to the redisplay code for better operation on MS-DOS.
5870 i. The quoted-insert code will now insert tty special chars like ^C.
5872 j. A bug was fixed that caused the display code to reference memory before
5873 the start of the prompt string.
5875 k. More support for __EMX__ (OS/2).
5877 l. A bug was fixed in readline's signal handling that could cause infinite
5878 recursion in signal handlers.
5880 m. A bug was fixed that caused the point to be less than zero when rl_forward
5881 was given a very large numeric argument.
5883 n. The vi-mode code now gets characters via the application-settable value
5884 of rl_getc_function rather than calling rl_getc directly.
5886 3. New Features in Bash
5888 a. The history builtin has a `-d offset' option to delete the history entry
5889 at position `offset'.
5891 b. The prompt expansion code has two new escape sequences: \j, the number of
5892 active jobs; and \l, the basename of the shell's tty device name.
5894 c. The `bind' builtin has a new `-x' option to bind key sequences to shell
5897 d. There is a new shell option, no_empty_command_completion, which, when
5898 enabled, disables command completion when TAB is typed on an empty line.
5900 e. The `help' builtin has a `-s' option to just print a builtin's usage
5903 f. There are several new arithmetic operators: id++, id-- (variable
5904 post-increment/decrement), ++id, --id (variabl pre-increment/decrement),
5905 expr1 , expr2 (comma operator).
5907 g. There is a new ksh-93 style arithmetic for command:
5908 for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done
5910 h. The `read' builtin has a number of new options:
5911 -t timeout only wait timeout seconds for input
5912 -n nchars only read nchars from input instead of a full line
5913 -d delim read until delim rather than newline
5914 -s don't echo input chars as they are read
5916 i. The redirection code now handles several filenames specially:
5917 /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, and /dev/stderr, whether or
5918 not they are present in the file system.
5920 j. The redirection code now recognizes pathnames of the form
5921 /dev/tcp/host/port and /dev/udp/host/port, and tries to open a socket
5922 of the appropriate type to the specified port on the specified host.
5924 k. The ksh-93 ${!prefix*} expansion, which expands to the names of all
5925 shell variables whose names start with prefix, has been implemented.
5927 l. There is a new dynamic variable, FUNCNAME, which expands to the name of
5928 a currently-executing function. Assignments to FUNCNAME have no effect.
5930 m. The GROUPS variable is no longer readonly; assignments to it are silently
5931 discarded. This means it can be unset.
5933 4. New Features in Readline
5935 a. Parentheses matching is now always compiled into readline, and enabled
5936 or disabled when the value of the `blink-matching-paren' variable is
5939 b. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_inputrc as the last-ditch inputrc filename.
5941 c. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_history as the default history file.
5943 d. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the point at the end of the
5944 line when the string to search for is empty, like
5945 {reverse,forward}-search-history.
5947 e. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the last history line found
5948 in the readline buffer if the second or subsequent search fails.
5950 f. New function for use by applications: rl_on_new_line_with_prompt, used
5951 when an application displays the prompt itself before calling readline().
5953 g. New variable for use by applications: rl_already_prompted. An application
5954 that displays the prompt itself before calling readline() must set this to
5957 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5958 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-release,
5959 and the previous version, bash-2.03-beta2.
5963 a. A file descriptor leak in the `fc' builtin was fixed.
5965 b. A bug was fixed in the `read' builtin that caused occasional spurious
5966 failures when using `read -e'.
5968 c. The version code needed to use the value of the cpp variable
5969 CONF_MACHTYPE rather than MACHTYPE.
5971 d. A new test was added to exercise the command printing and copying code.
5973 e. A bug was fixed that caused `time' to be recognized as a reserved word
5974 if it was the first pattern in a `case' statement pattern list.
5976 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5977 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-beta2,
5978 and the previous version, bash-2.03-beta1.
5982 a. Slight additions to support/shobj-conf, mostly for the benefit of AIX 4.2.
5984 b. config.{guess,sub} support added for the NEC SX4.
5986 c. Changed some of the cross-compiling sections of the configure macros in
5987 aclocal.m4 so that configure won't abort.
5989 d. Slight changes to how the HTML versions of the bash and readline manuals
5992 e. Fixed conditional command printing to avoid interpreting printf `%'-escapes
5995 f. Don't include the bash malloc on all variants of the alpha processor.
5997 g. Changes to configure to make --enable-profiling work on Solaris 2.x.
5999 h. Fixed a bug that manifested itself when shell functions were called
6000 between calls to `getopts'.
6002 i. Fixed pattern substitution so that a bare `#'as a pattern causes the
6003 replacement string to be prefixed to the search string, and a bare
6004 `%' causes the replacement string to be appended to the search string.
6006 j. Fixed a bug in the command execution code that caused child processes
6007 to occasionally have the wrong value for $!.
6009 2. Changes to Readline
6011 a. Added code to the history library to catch history substitutions using
6012 `&' without a previous history substitution or search having been
6015 3. New Features in Bash
6017 4. New Features in Readline
6019 a. New bindable variable: `isearch-terminators'.
6021 b. New bindable function: `forward-backward-delete-char' (unbound by default).
6023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6024 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-beta1,
6025 and the previous version, bash-2.03-alpha.
6029 a. A change was made to the help text for `{...}' to make it clear that a
6030 semicolon is required before the closing brace.
6032 b. A fix was made to the `test' builtin so that syntax errors cause test
6033 to return an exit status > 1.
6035 c. Globbing is no longer performed on assignment statements that appear as
6036 arguments to `assignment builtins' such as `export'.
6038 d. System-specific configuration changes were made for: Rhapsody,
6039 AIX 4.2/gcc, BSD/OS 4.0.
6041 e. New loadable builtins: ln, unlink.
6043 f. Some fixes were made to the globbing code to handle extended glob patterns
6044 which immediately follow a `*'.
6046 g. A fix was made to the command printing code to ensure that redirections
6047 following compound commands have a space separating them from the rest
6050 h. The pathname canonicalization code was changed to produce fewer leading
6051 `//' sequences, since those are interpreted as network file system
6052 pathnames on some systems.
6054 i. A fix was made so that loops containing `eval' commands in commands passed
6055 to `bash -c' would not exit prematurely.
6057 j. Some changes were made to the job reaping code when the shell is not
6058 interactive, so the shell will retain exit statuses longer for examination
6061 k. A fix was made so that `jobs | command' works again.
6063 l. The erroneous compound array assignment var=((...)) is now a syntax error.
6065 m. A change was made to the dynamic loading code in `enable' to support
6068 n. A fix was made to the globbing code so that extended globbing patterns
6069 will correctly match `.' in a bracket expression.
6071 2. Changes to Readline
6073 a. A fix was made to the completion code in which a typo caused the wrong
6074 value to be passed to the function that computed the longest common
6075 prefix of the list of matches.
6077 b. The completion code now checks the value of rl_filename_completion_desired,
6078 which is set by application-supplied completion functions to indicate
6079 that filename completion is being performed, to decide whether or not to
6080 call an application-supplied `ignore completions' function.
6082 3. New Features in Bash
6084 a. A change was made to the startup file code so that any shell begun with
6085 the `--login' option, even non-interactive shells, will source the login
6086 shell startup files.
6088 4. New Features in Readline
6090 a. A new variable, rl_erase_empty_line, which, if set by an application using
6091 readline, will cause readline to erase, prompt and all, lines on which the
6092 only thing typed was a newline.
6094 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6095 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-alpha,
6096 and the previous version, bash-2.02.1-release.
6100 a. System-specific configuration changes were made for: Irix 6.x, Unixware 7.
6102 b. The texi2dvi and texi2html scripts were updated to the latest versions
6105 c. The configure tests that determine which native type is 32 bits were
6106 changed to not require a compiled program.
6108 d. Fixed a bug in shell_execve that could cause memory to be freed twice
6109 after a failed exec.
6111 e. The `printf' test uses `diff -a' if it's available to prevent confusion
6112 due to the non-ascii output.
6114 f. Shared object configuration is now performed by a shell script,
6115 support/shobj-conf, which generates values to be substituted into
6116 makefiles by configure.
6118 g. Some changes were made to `ulimit' to avoid the use of RLIM_INVALID as a
6121 h. Changes were made to `ulimit' to work around HPUX 9.x's peculiar
6122 handling of RLIMIT_FILESIZE.
6124 i. Some new loadable builtins were added: id, printenv, sync, whoami, push,
6125 mkdir. `pushd', `popd', and `dirs' can now be built as regular or
6126 loadable builtins from the same source file.
6128 j. Changes were made to `printf' to handle NUL bytes in the expanded format
6131 k. The various `make clean' Makefile targets now descend into lib/sh.
6133 l. The `type' builtin was changed to use the internal `getopt' so that things
6134 like `type -ap' work as expected.
6136 m. There is a new configuration option, --with-installed-readline, to link
6137 bash with a locally-installed version of readline. Only readline version
6138 4.0 and later releases can support this. Shared and static libraries
6139 are supported. The installed include files are used.
6141 n. There is a new autoconf macro used to find which basic type is 64 bits.
6143 o. Dynamic linking and loadable builtins should now work on SCO 3.2v5*,
6144 AIX 4.2 with gcc, Unixware 7, and many other systems using gcc, where
6145 the `-shared' options works correctly.
6147 p. A bug was fixed in the bash filename completion code that caused memory to
6148 be freed twice if a directory name containing an unset variable was
6149 completed and the -u option was set.
6151 q. The prompt expansion code now quotes the `$' in the `\$' expansion so it
6152 is not processed by subsequent parameter expansion.
6154 r. Fixed a parsing bug that caused a single or double quote after a `$$' to
6155 trigger ANSI C expansion or locale translation.
6157 s. Fixed a bug in the globbing code that caused quoted filenames containing
6158 no globbing characters to sometimes be incorrectly expanded.
6160 t. Changes to the default prompt strings if prompt string decoding is not
6161 compiled into the shell.
6163 u. Added `do', `then', `else', `{', and `(' to the list of keywords that may
6164 precede the `time' reserved word.
6166 v. The shell may now be cross-built for BeOS as well as cygwin32.
6168 w. The conditional command execution code now treats `=' the same as `=='
6169 for deciding when to perform pattern matching.
6171 x. The `-e' option no longer causes the shell to exit if a command exits
6172 with a non-zero status while running the startup files.
6174 y. The `printf' builtin no longer dumps core if a modifier is supplied in
6175 the format string without a conversion character (e.g. `%h').
6177 z. Array assignments of the form a=(...) no longer show up in the history
6180 aa. The parser was fixed to obey the POSIX.2 rules for finding the closing
6181 `}' in a ${...} expression.
6183 bb. The history file is now opened with mode 0600 rather than 0666, so bash
6184 no longer relies on the user's umask being set appropriately.
6186 cc. Setting LANG no longer causes LC_ALL to be assigned a value; bash now
6187 relies on proper behavior from the C library.
6189 dd. Minor changes were made to allow quoted variable expansions using
6190 ${...} to be completed correctly if there is no closing `"'.
6192 ee. Changes were made to builtins/Makefile.in so that configuring the shell
6193 with `--enable-profiling' works right and builtins/mkbuiltins is
6196 2. Changes to Readline
6198 a. The version number is now 4.0.
6200 b. There is no longer any #ifdef SHELL code in the source files.
6202 c. Some changes were made to the key binding code to fix memory leaks and
6203 better support Win32 systems.
6205 d. Fixed a silly typo in the paren matching code -- it's microseconds, not
6208 e. The readline library should be compilable by C++ compilers.
6210 f. The readline.h public header file now includes function prototypes for
6211 all readline functions, and some changes were made to fix errors in the
6212 source files uncovered by the use of prototypes.
6214 g. The maximum numeric argument is now clamped at 1000000.
6216 h. Fixes to rl_yank_last_arg to make it behave better.
6218 i. Fixed a bug in the display code that caused core dumps if the prompt
6219 string length exceeded 1024 characters.
6221 j. The menu completion code was fixed to properly insert a single completion
6222 if there is only one match.
6224 k. A bug was fixed that caused the display code to improperly display tabs
6227 3. New Features in Bash
6229 a. New `shopt' option, `restricted_shell', indicating whether or not the
6230 shell was started in restricted mode, for use in startup files.
6232 b. Filename generation is now performed on the words between ( and ) in
6233 array assignments (which it probably should have done all along).
6235 c. OLDPWD is now auto-exported, as POSIX.2 seems to require.
6237 d. ENV and BASH_ENV are read-only variables in a restricted shell.
6239 4. New Features in Readline
6241 a. Many changes to the signal handling:
6242 o Readline now catches SIGQUIT and cleans up the tty before returning;
6243 o A new variable, rl_catch_signals, is available to application writers
6244 to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its own
6245 signal handlers for SIGINT, SIGTERM, SIGQUIT, SIGALRM, SIGTSTP,
6246 SIGTTIN, and SIGTTOU;
6247 o A new variable, rl_catch_sigwinch, is available to application
6248 writers to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its
6249 own signal handler for SIGWINCH, which will chain to the calling
6250 applications's SIGWINCH handler, if one is installed;
6251 o There is a new function, rl_free_line_state, for application signal
6252 handlers to call to free up the state associated with the current
6253 line after receiving a signal;
6254 o There is a new function, rl_cleanup_after_signal, to clean up the
6255 display and terminal state after receiving a signal;
6256 o There is a new function, rl_reset_after_signal, to reinitialize the
6257 terminal and display state after an application signal handler
6258 returns and readline continues
6260 b. There is a new function, rl_resize_terminal, to reset readline's idea of
6261 the screen size after a SIGWINCH.
6263 c. New public functions: rl_save_prompt and rl_restore_prompt. These were
6264 previously private functions with a `_' prefix.
6266 d. New function hook: rl_pre_input_hook, called just before readline starts
6267 reading input, after initialization.
6269 e. New function hook: rl_display_matches_hook, called when readline would
6270 display the list of completion matches. The new function
6271 rl_display_match_list is what readline uses internally, and is available
6272 for use by application functions called via this hook.
6274 f. New bindable function, delete-char-or-list, like tcsh.
6276 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6277 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02.1-release,
6278 and the previous version, bash-2.02-release.
6282 a. A bug that caused the bash readline support to not compile unless aliases
6283 and csh-style history were configured into the shell was fixed.
6285 b. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when here documents contained
6286 more than 1000 characters.
6288 c. Fixed a bug that caused a CDPATH entry of "" to not be treated the same
6289 as the current directory when in POSIX mode.
6291 d. Fixed an alignment problem with the memory returned by the bash malloc,
6292 so returned memory is now 64-bit aligned.
6294 e. Fixed a bug that caused command substitutions executed within pipelines
6295 to put the terminal in the wrong process group.
6297 f. Fixes to support/config.sub for: alphas, SCO Open Server and Open Desktop,
6298 Unixware 2, and Unixware 7.
6300 g. Fixes to the pattern matching code to make it work correctly for eight-bit
6303 h. Fixed a problem that occasionally caused the shell to display the wrong
6304 value for the new working directory when changing to a directory found
6305 in $CDPATH when in physical mode.
6307 i. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when using conditional commands in
6310 j. Fixed a bug that caused the printf builtin to loop forever if the format
6311 string did not consume any of the arguments.
6313 k. Fixed a bug in the parameter expansion code that caused "$@" to be
6314 incorrectly split if $IFS did not contain a space character.
6316 l. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when completing hostnames if
6317 the number of matching hostnames was an exact multiple of 16.
6319 m. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to fork too early when a command
6320 such as `%2 &' was given.
6322 2. Changes to Readline
6324 a. Fixed a problem with redisplay that showed up when the prompt string was
6325 longer than the screen width and the prompt contained invisible characters.
6327 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6328 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-release,
6329 and the previous version, bash-2.02-beta2.
6333 a. A bug was fixed that caused the terminal process group to be set
6334 incorrectly when performing command substitution of builtins in a
6337 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6338 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-beta2,
6339 and the previous version, bash-2.02-beta1.
6343 a. Attempting to `wait' for stopped jobs now generates a warning message.
6345 b. Pipelines which exit due to SIGPIPE in non-interactive shells are now
6346 not reported if the shell is compiled -DDONT_REPORT_SIGPIPE.
6348 c. Some changes were made to builtins/psize.sh and support/bashbug.sh to
6349 attempt to avoid some /tmp file races and surreptitious file
6352 d. Fixed a bug that caused the shell not to compile if configured with
6353 dparen arithmetic but without aliases.
6355 e. Fixed a bug that caused the input stream to be switched when assigning
6356 empty arrays with `bash -c'.
6358 f. A bug was fixed in the readline expansion glue code that caused bash to
6359 dump core when expanding lines with an unclosed single quote.
6361 g. A fix was made to the `cd' builtin so that using a non-empty directory
6362 from $CDPATH results in an absolute pathname of the new current working
6363 directory to be displayed after the current directory is changed.
6365 h. Fixed a bug in the variable assignment code that caused the shell to
6366 dump core when referencing an unset variable with `set -u' enabled in
6367 an assignment statement preceding a command.
6369 i. Fixed a bug in the exit trap code that caused reserved words to not be
6370 recognized under certain circumstances.
6372 j. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code so that quote
6373 removal is performed.
6375 k. The shell should now configure correctly on Apple Rhapsody systems.
6377 l. The `kill' builtin now prints a usage message if it is not passed any
6380 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6381 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-beta1,
6382 and the previous version, bash-2.02-alpha1.
6386 a. A few compilation bugs were fixed in the new extended globbing code.
6388 b. Executing arithmetic commands now sets the command name to `((' so
6389 error messages look right.
6391 c. Fixed some build problems with various configuration options.
6393 d. The `printf' builtin now aborts immediately if an illegal format
6394 character is encountered.
6396 e. The code that creates here-documents now behaves better if the file it's
6397 trying to create already exists for some reason.
6399 f. Fixed a problem with the extended globbing code that made patterns like
6400 `x+*' expand incorrectly.
6402 g. The prompt string expansion code no longer quotes tildes with backslashes.
6404 h. The bash getcwd() implementation in lib/sh/getcwd.c now behaves better in
6405 the presence of lstat(2) failures.
6407 i. Fixed a bug with strsub() that caused core dumps when executing `fc -s'.
6409 j. The mail checking code now ensures that it has a valid default mailpath.
6411 k. A bug was fixed that caused local variables to be unset inappropriately
6412 when sourcing a script from within another sourced script.
6414 l. A bug was fixed in the history saving code so that functions are saved
6415 in the history list correctly if `cmdhist' is enabled, but `lithist'
6418 m. A bug was fixed that caused printf overflows when displaying error
6421 n. It should be easier to build the loadble builtins in examples/loadables,
6422 though some manual editing of the generated Makefile is still required.
6424 o. The user's primary group is now always ${GROUPS[0]}.
6426 p. Some updates were made to support/config.guess from the GNU master copy.
6428 q. Some changes were made to the autoconf support for Solaris 2.6 large
6431 r. The `command' builtins now does the right thing when confstr(3) cannot
6432 find a value for _CS_PATH.
6434 s. Extended globbing expressions like `*.!(c)' are not history expanded if
6435 `extglob' is enabled.
6437 t. Using the `-P' option to `cd' will force the value that is assigned to
6438 PWD to not contain any symbolic links.
6440 2. Changes to Readline
6442 a. The code that prints completion listings now behaves better if one or
6443 more of the filenames contains non-printable characters.
6445 b. The time delay when showing matching parentheses is now 0.5 seconds.
6447 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6448 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-alpha1,
6449 and the previous version, bash-2.01.1-release.
6453 a. OS-specific configuration changes for: BSD/OS 3.x, Minix 2.x,
6454 Solaris 2.6, SINIX SVR4.
6456 b. Changes were made to the generated `info' files so that `install-info'
6459 c. PWD is now auto-exported.
6461 d. A fix was made to the pipeline code to make sure that the shell forks
6462 to execute simple commands consisting solely of assignment statements.
6464 e. Changes to the test suite for systems with 14-character filenames.
6466 f. The default sizes of some internal hash tables have been made smaller
6467 to reduce the shell's memory footprint.
6469 g. The `((...))' arithmetic command is now executed directly instead of
6470 being translated into `let "..."'.
6472 h. Fixes were made to the expansion code so that "$*", "$@", "${array[@]}",
6473 and "${array[@]}" expand correctly when IFS does not contain a space
6474 character, is unset, or is set to NULL.
6476 i. The indirect expansion code (${!var}) was changed so that the only
6477 valid values of `var' are variable names, positional parameters, `#',
6480 j. An arithmetic expression error in a $((...)) expansion now causes a
6481 non-interactive shell running in posix mode to exit.
6483 k. Compound array assignment now splits the words within the parentheses
6484 on shell metacharacters like the parser would before expansing them
6485 and performing the assignment. This is for compatibility with ksh-93.
6487 l. The internal shell backslash-quoting code (used in the output of `set'
6488 and completion) now quotes tildes if they appear at the start of the
6489 string or after a `=' or `:'.
6491 m. A couple of bugs with `shopt -o' were fixed.
6493 n. `bash +o' now displays the same output as `set +o' before starting an
6496 o. A bug that caused command substitution and the `eval' builtin to
6497 occasionally free memory twice when an error was encountered was fixed.
6499 p. The filename globbing code no longer requires read permission for a
6500 directory when the filename to be matched does not contain any globbing
6501 characters, as POSIX.2 specifies.
6503 q. A bug was fixed so that the job containing the last asynchronous
6504 process is not removed from the job table until a `wait' is executed
6505 for that process or another asynchronous process is started. This
6506 satisfies a POSIX.2 requirement.
6508 r. A `select' bug was fixed so that a non-numeric user response is treated
6509 the same as a numeric response that is out of range.
6511 s. The shell no longer parses the value of SHELLOPTS from the environment
6512 if it is restricted, running setuid, or running in `privileged mode'.
6514 t. Fixes were made to enable large file support on systems such as
6515 Solaris 2.6, where the size of a file may be larger than can be held
6518 u. The filename hashing code was fixed to not add `./' to the beginning of
6519 filenames which already begin with `./'.
6521 v. The configure script was changed so that the GNU termcap library is not
6522 compiled in if `prefer-curses' has been specified.
6524 w. HISTCONTROL and HISTIGNORE are no longer applied to the second and
6525 subsequent lines of a multi-line command.
6527 x. A fix was made to `disown' so that it does a better job of catching
6530 y. Non-interactive shells no longer report the status of processes terminated
6531 due to SIGINT, even if the standard output is a terminal.
6533 z. A bug that caused the output of `jobs' to have extra carriage returns
6536 aa. A bug that caused PIPESTATUS to not be set when builtins or shell
6537 functions were executed in the foreground was fixed.
6539 bb. Bash now attempts to detect when it is being run by sshd, and treats
6540 that case identically to being run by rshd.
6542 cc. A bug that caused `set -a' to export SHELLOPTS when one of the shell
6543 options was changed was fixed.
6545 dd. The `kill' builtin now disallows empty or missing process id arguments
6546 instead of treating them as identical to `0', which means the current
6549 ee. `var=value declare -x var' now behaves identically to
6550 `var=value export var'. Similarly for `var=value declare -r var' and
6551 `var=value readonly var'.
6553 ff. A few memory leaks were fixed.
6555 gg. `alias' and `unalias' now print error messages when passed an argument
6556 that is not an alias for printing or deletion, even when the shell is
6557 not interactive, as POSIX.2 specifies.
6559 hh. `alias' and `alias -p' now return a status of 0 when no aliases are
6560 defined, as POSIX.2 specifes.
6562 ii. `cd -' now prints the pathname of the new working directory if the shell
6565 jj. A fix was made so that the code that binds $PWD now copes with getcwd()
6568 kk. `unset' now checks whether or not a function name it's trying to unset
6569 is a valid shell identifier only when the shell is running in posix mode.
6571 ll. A change was made to the code that generates filenames for here documents
6572 to make them less prone to name collisions.
6574 mm. The parser was changed so that `time' is recognized as a reserved word
6575 only at the beginning of a pipeline.
6577 nn. The pathname canonicalization code was changed so that `//' is converted
6578 into `/', but all other pathnames beginning with `//' are left alone, as
6581 oo. The `logout' builtin will no longer exit a non-interactive non-login
6584 2. Changes to Readline
6586 a. Fixed a problem in the readline test program rltest.c that caused a core
6589 b. The code that handles parser directives in inputrc files now displays
6590 more error messages.
6592 c. The history expansion code was fixed so that the appearance of the
6593 history comment character at the beginning of a word inhibits history
6594 expansion for that word and the rest of the input line.
6596 3. New Features in Bash
6598 a. A new version of malloc, based on the older GNU malloc, that has many
6599 changes, is more page-based, is more conservative with memory usage,
6600 and does not `orphan' large blocks when they are freed.
6602 b. A new version of gmalloc, based on the old GLIBC malloc, with many
6603 changes and range checking included by default.
6605 c. A new implementation of fnmatch(3) that includes full POSIX.2 Basic
6606 Regular Expression matching, including character classes, collating
6607 symbols, equivalence classes, and support for case-insensitive pattern
6610 d. ksh-88 egrep-style extended pattern matching ([@+*?!](patlist)) has been
6611 implemented, controlled by a new `shopt' option, `extglob'.
6613 e. There is a new ksh-like `[[' compound command, which implements
6614 extended `test' functionality.
6616 f. There is a new `printf' builtin, implemented according to the POSIX.2
6619 g. There is a new feature for command substitution: $(< filename) now expands
6620 to the contents of `filename', with any trailing newlines removed
6621 (equivalent to $(cat filename)).
6623 h. There are new tilde prefixes which expand to directories from the
6626 i. There is a new `**' arithmetic operator to do exponentiation.
6628 j. There are new configuration options to control how bash is linked:
6629 `--enable-profiling', to allow bash to be profiled with gprof, and
6630 `--enable-static-link', to allow bash to be linked statically.
6632 k. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-cond-command', which
6633 controls whether or not the `[[' command is included. It is on by
6636 l. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-extended-glob', which
6637 controls whether or not the ksh extended globbing feature is included.
6638 It is enabled by default.
6640 m. There is a new configuration #define in config.h.top that, when enabled,
6641 will cause all login shells to source /etc/profile and one of the user-
6642 specific login shell startup files, whether or not the shell is
6645 n. There is a new invocation option, `--dump-po-strings', to dump
6646 a shell script's translatable strings ($"...") in GNU `po' format.
6648 o. There is a new `shopt' option, `nocaseglob', to enable case-insensitive
6649 pattern matching when globbing filenames and using the `case' construct.
6651 p. There is a new `shopt' option, `huponexit', which, when enabled, causes
6652 the shell to send SIGHUP to all jobs when an interactive login shell
6655 q. `bind' has a new `-u' option, which takes a readline function name as an
6656 argument and unbinds all key sequences bound to that function in a
6659 r. `disown' now has `-a' and `-r' options, to limit operation to all jobs
6660 and running jobs, respectively.
6662 s. The `shopt' `-p' option now causes output to be displayed in a reusable
6665 t. `test' has a new `-N' option, which returns true if the filename argument
6666 has been modified since it was last accessed.
6668 u. `umask' now has a `-p' option to print output in a reusable format.
6670 v. A new escape sequence, `\xNNN', has been added to the `echo -e' and $'...'
6671 translation code. It expands to the character whose ascii code is NNN
6674 w. The prompt string expansion code has a new `\r' escape sequence.
6676 x. The shell may now be cross-compiled for the CYGWIN32 environment on
6679 4. New Features in Readline
6681 a. There is now an option for `iterative' yank-last-arg handline, so a user
6682 can keep entering `M-.', yanking the last argument of successive history
6685 b. New variable, `print-completions-horizontally', which causes completion
6686 matches to be displayed across the screen (like `ls -x') rather than up
6687 and down the screen (like `ls').
6689 c. New variable, `completion-ignore-case', which causes filename completion
6690 and matching to be performed case-insensitively.
6692 d. There is a new bindable command, `magic-space', which causes history
6693 expansion to be performed on the current readline buffer and a space to
6694 be inserted into the result.
6696 e. There is a new bindable command, `menu-complete', which enables tcsh-like
6697 menu completion (successive executions of menu-complete insert a single
6698 completion match, cycling through the list of possible completions).
6700 f. There is a new bindable command, `paste-from-clipboard', for use on Win32
6701 systems, to insert the text from the Win32 clipboard into the editing
6704 g. The key sequence translation code now understands printf-style backslash
6705 escape sequences, including \NNN octal escapes. These escape sequences
6706 may be used in key sequence definitions or macro values.
6708 h. An `$include' inputrc file parser directive has been added.
6710 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6711 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01.1-release,
6712 and the previous version, bash-2.01-release.
6716 a. The select command was fixed to check the validity of the user's
6717 input more strenuously.
6719 b. A bug was fixed that prevented `time' from timing commands correctly
6720 when supplied as an argument to `bash -c'.
6722 c. A fix was made to the mail checking code to keep from adding the same
6723 mail file to the list of files to check multiple times when parsing
6726 d. Fixed an off-by-one error in the tilde expansion library.
6728 e. When using the compound array assignment syntax, the old value of
6729 the array is cleared before assigning the new value.
6731 f. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when a trap handler was reset
6732 to the default in the trap command associated with that signal.
6734 g. Fixed a bug in the locale code that occurred when assigning a value
6737 h. A change was made to the parser so that words of the form xxx=(...)
6738 are not considered compound assignment statements unless there are
6739 characters before the `='.
6741 i. A fix was made to the command tracing code to correctly quote each
6744 j. Some changes were made to the bash-specific autoconf tests to make them
6747 k. Completion of words with globbing characters now correctly quotes the
6750 l. The directory /var/spool/mail is now preferred to /usr/spool/mail when
6751 configure is deciding on the default mail directory.
6753 m. The brace completion code was fixed to not quote the `{' and `}'.
6755 n. Some fixes were made to make $RANDOM more random in subshells.
6757 o. System-specific changes were made to configure for: SVR4.2
6759 p. Changes were made so that completion of words containing globbing chars
6760 substitutes the result only if a single filename was matched.
6762 q. The window size is now recomputed after a job is stopped with SIGTSTP if
6763 the user has set `checkwinsize' with `shopt'.
6765 r. When doing substring expansion, out-of-range substring specifiers now
6766 cause nothing to be substituted rather than an expansion error.
6768 s. A fix was made so that you can no longer trap `SIGEXIT' or `SIGDEBUG' --
6769 only `EXIT' and `DEBUG' are accepted.
6771 t. The display of trapped signals now uses the signal number if signals
6772 for which bash does not know the name are trapped.
6774 u. A fix was made so that `bash -r' does not turn on restricted mode until
6775 after the startup files are executed.
6777 v. A bug was fixed that occasionally caused a core dump when a variable
6778 found in the temporary environment of export/declare/readonly had a
6781 w. A bug that occasionally caused unallocated memory to be passed to free()
6782 when doing arithmetic substitution was fixed.
6784 x. A bug that caused a buffer overrun when expanding a prompt string
6785 containing `\w' and ${#PWD} exceeded PATH_MAX was fixed.
6787 y. A problem with the completion code that occasionally caused it to
6788 refer to a character before the beginning of the readline line buffer
6791 z. A bug was fixed so that the `read' builtin restarts reads when
6792 interrupted by signals other than SIGINT.
6794 aa. Fixed a bug that caused a command to be freed twice when there was
6795 an evaluation error in the `eval' command.
6797 2. Changes to Readline
6799 a. Added a missing `extern' to a declaration in readline.h that kept
6800 readline from compiling cleanly on some systems.
6802 b. The history file is now opened with mode 0600 when it is written for
6805 c. Changes were made to the SIGWINCH handling code so that prompt redisplay
6808 d. ^G now interrupts incremental searches correctly.
6810 e. A bug that caused a core dump when the set of characters to be quoted
6811 when completing words was empty was fixed.
6813 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6814 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-release,
6815 and the previous version, bash-2.01-beta2.
6819 a. The `distclean' target should remove the `printenv' executable if it
6822 b. The test suite was changed slightly to ensure that the error messages
6823 are printed in English.
6825 c. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when a filename containing a
6826 `/' was passed to `hash' was fixed.
6828 d. Pathname canonicalization now leaves a leading `//' intact, as POSIX.1
6831 e. A memory leak when completing commands was fixed.
6833 f. A memory leak that occurred when checking the hash table for commands
6834 with relative paths was fixed.
6836 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6837 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-beta2,
6838 and the previous version, bash-2.01-beta1.
6842 a. The `ulimit' builtin translates RLIM_INFINITY to the hard limit only if
6843 the current (soft) limit is less than or equal to the hard limit.
6845 b. Fixed a bug that caused the bash emulation of strcasecmp to produce
6848 c. A bug that caused memory to be freed twice when a trap handler resets
6849 the trap more than once was fixed.
6851 d. A bug that caused machines where sizeof (pointer) > sizeof (int) to
6852 fail (and possibly dump core) when trying to unwind-protect a null
6855 e. The startup files should not be run with job control enabled. This fix
6856 allows SIGINT to once again interrupt startup file execution.
6858 f. Bash should not change the SIGPROF handler if it is set to something
6861 g. The completion code that provides bash-specific completions for readline
6862 now quotes characters that the readline code would treat as word break
6863 characters if they appear in a file name.
6865 h. The completion code now correctly quotes filenames containing a `!',
6866 even if the user attempted to use double quotes when attempting
6869 i. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when `disown' was called without
6870 arguments and there was no current job was fixed.
6872 j. A construct like $((foo);bar) is now processed as a command substitution
6873 rather than as a bad arithmetic substitution.
6875 k. A couple of bugs that caused `fc' to not obey the `cmdhist' and `lithist'
6876 shell options when editing and re-executing a series of commands were
6879 l. A fix was made to the grammar -- the list of commands between `do' and
6880 `done' in the body of a `for' command should be treated the same as a
6883 2. Changes to Readline
6885 a. A couple of bugs that caused the history search functions to attempt to
6886 free a NULL pointer were fixed.
6888 b. If the C library provides setlocale(3), readline does not need to look
6889 at various environment variables to decide whether or not to go into
6890 eight-bit mode automatically -- just check whether the current locale
6891 is not `C' or `POSIX'.
6893 c. If the filename completion function finds that a directory was not closed
6894 by a previous (interrupted) completion, it closes the directory with
6897 3. New Features in Bash
6899 a. New bindable readline commands: history-and-alias-expand-line and
6900 alias-expand-line. The code was always in there, there was just no
6903 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6904 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-beta1,
6905 and the previous version, bash-2.01-alpha1.
6909 a. Fixed a problem that could cause file descriptors used for process
6910 substitution to conflict with those used explicitly in redirections.
6912 b. Made it easier to regenerate configure if the user changes configure.in.
6914 c. ${GROUPS[0]} should always be the primary group, even on systems without
6917 d. Spelling correction is no longer enabled by default.
6919 e. Fixes to quoting problems in `bashbug'.
6921 f. OS-specific configuration changes were made for: Irix 6.
6923 g. OS-specific code changes were made for: QNX.
6925 h. A more meaningful message is now printed when the file in /tmp for a
6926 here document cannot be created.
6928 i. Many changes to the shell's variable initialization code to speed
6929 non-interactive startup.
6931 j. Changes to the non-job-control code so that it does not try to open
6934 k. The output of `set' and `export' is once again sorted, as POSIX wants.
6936 l. Fixed a problem caused by a recursive call reparsing the value of
6939 m. The tilde code no longer calls getenv() when it's compiled as part of
6940 the shell, which should eliminate problems on systems that cannot
6941 redefine getenv(), like the NeXT OS.
6943 n. Fixed a problem that caused `bash -o' or `bash +o' to not list all
6946 o. Fixed `ulimit' to convert RLIM_INFINITY to the appropriate hard limit
6947 only if the hard limit is greater than the current (soft) limit.
6949 p. Fixed a problem that arose when building bash in a different directory
6950 than the source and y.tab.[ch] were remade with something other than
6951 bison. This came up most often on NetBSD.
6953 q. Fixed a problem with completion -- it thought that `pwd`/[TAB] indicated
6954 an unfinished command completion (`/), which generated errors.
6956 r. The bash special tilde expansions (~-, ~+) are now attempted before
6957 calling the standard tilde expansion code, which should eliminate the
6958 problems people have been seeing with this on Solaris 2.5.1.
6960 s. Added support for <stdarg.h> to places where it was missing.
6962 t. Changed the code that reads the output of a command substitution to not
6963 go through stdio. This reduces the memory requirements and is faster.
6965 u. A number of changes to speed up export environment creation were made.
6967 v. A number of memory leaks were fixed as the result of running the test
6968 scripts through Purify.
6970 w. Fixed a bug that caused subshells forked to interpret executable
6971 scripts without a leading `#!' to not reinitialize the values of
6974 2. Changes to Readline
6976 a. History library has less `#ifdef SHELL' code -- abstracted stuff out
6977 into application-specific function hooks.
6979 b. Readline no longer calls getenv() if it's compiled as part of the shell,
6980 which should eliminate problems on systems that cannot redefine getenv(),
6983 c. Fixed translation of ESC when `untranslating' macro values.
6985 d. The region kill operation now fixes the mark if it ends up beyond the
6986 boundaries of the line after the region is deleted.
6988 3. New Features in Bash
6990 a. New argument for `configure': `--with-curses'. This can be used to
6991 override the selection of the termcap library on systems where it is
6994 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6995 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-alpha1,
6996 and the previous version, bash-2.0-release.
7000 a. System-specific configuration changes for: FreeBSD, SunOS4, Irix,
7001 MachTen, QNX 4.2, Harris Night Hawk, SunOS5.
7003 b. System-specific code changes were made for: Linux, 4.4 BSD, QNX 4.2,
7006 c. A bug that caused the exec builtin to fail because the full pathname of
7007 the command could not be found was fixed.
7009 d. The code that performs output redirections is now more resistant to
7010 race conditions and possible security exploits.
7012 e. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing pattern
7013 substitutions on variable values was fixed.
7015 f. More hosts are now recognized by the auto-configuration mechanism
7016 (OpenBSD, QNX, others).
7018 g. Assignments to read-only variables that attempt to convert them to
7019 arrays are now errors.
7021 h. A bug that caused shell scripts using array assignments in POSIX mode
7022 to exit after the assignment was performed was fixed.
7024 i. The substring expansion code is now more careful about running off the
7025 ends of the expanded variable value.
7027 j. A bug that caused completion to fail if a backquoted command substitution
7028 appeared anywhere on the line was fixed.
7030 k. The `source' builtin no longer turns off history if it has been enabled
7031 in a non-interactive shell.
7033 l. A bug that caused the shell to crash when `disown' was given a pid
7034 instead of a job number was fixed.
7036 m. The `cd' spelling correction code will not try to change to `.' if no
7037 directory entries match a single-character argument.
7039 n. A bad variable name supplied to `declare', `export', or `readonly' no
7040 longer causes a non-interactive shell in POSIX mode to exit.
7042 o. Some fixes were made to the test suite to handle peculiarities of
7043 various Unix versions.
7045 p. The bash completion code now quotes characters that readline would
7046 treat as word breaks for completion but are not shell metacharacters.
7048 q. Bad options supplied at invocation now cause a usage message to be
7051 r. Fixes were made to the code that handles DEBUG traps so that the trap
7052 string is not freed inappropriately.
7054 s. Some changes were made to the bash debugger in examples/bashdb -- it
7055 should be closer to working now.
7057 t. A problem that caused the default filename used for mail checking to be
7060 u. A fix was made to the `echo' builtin so that NUL characters printed with
7061 `echo -e' do not cause the output to be truncated.
7063 v. A fix was made to the job control code so that the shell behaves better
7064 when monitor mode is enabled in a non-interactive shell.
7066 w. Bash no longer catches all of the terminating signals in a non-
7067 interactive shell until a trap is set on EXIT, which should result in
7070 x. A fix was made to the command timing code so that `time' can be used in
7073 y. A fix was made to the parser so that `((cmd); cmd2)' is now parsed as
7074 a nested subshell rather than strictly as an (erroneous) arithmetic
7077 z. A fix was made to the globbing code so that it correctly matches quoted
7078 filenames beginning with a `.'.
7080 aa. A bug in `fc' that caused some multi-line commands to not be stored as
7081 one command in the history when they were re-executed after editing
7082 (with `fc -e') was fixed.
7084 bb. The `ulimit' builtin now attempts to catch some classes of integer
7087 cc. The command-oriented-history code no longer attempts to add `;'
7088 inappropriately when a newline appears while reading a $(...) command
7091 dd. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when `help --' was executed
7094 ee. A bug that caused the shell to crash when an unset variable appeared
7095 in the body of a here document after `set -u' had been executed was
7098 ff. Implicit input redirections from /dev/null for asynchronous commands
7099 are now handled better.
7101 gg. A bug that caused the shell to fail to compile when configured with
7102 `--disable-readline' was fixed.
7104 hh. The globbing code should now be interruptible.
7106 ii. Bash now notices when the `kill' builtin is used to send SIGCONT to a
7107 stopped job and adjusts the data structures accordingly, as if `bg' had
7108 been executed instead.
7110 jj. A bug that caused the shell to crash when mixing calls to `getopts'
7111 and `shift' on the same set of positional parameters was fixed.
7113 kk. The command printing code now preserves the `-p' flag to `time'.
7115 ll. The command printing code now handles here documents better when there
7116 are other redirections associated with the command.
7118 mm. The special glibc environment variable (NNN_GNU_nonoption_argv_flags_)
7119 is no longer placed into the environment of executed commands -- users
7120 of glibc had too many problems with it.
7122 nn. Reorganized the code that generates signames.h. The signal_names list
7123 is now more complete but may be slightly different (SIGABRT is favored
7124 over SIGIOT, for example). The preferred signal names are those
7125 listed in the POSIX.2 standard.
7127 oo. `bashbug' now uses a filename shorter than 14 characters for its
7128 temporary file, and asks for confirmation before sending the bug
7131 pp. A bug that caused TAB completion in vi editing mode to not be turned
7132 off when `set -o posix' was executed or back on when `set +o posix'
7133 was executed was fixed.
7135 qq. A bug in the brace expansion code that caused brace expansions appearing
7136 in new-style $(...) command substitutions to be inappropriately expanded
7139 rr. A bug in the readline hook shell-expand-line that could cause memory to
7140 be inappropriately freed was fixed.
7142 ss. A bug that caused some arithmetic expressions containing `&&' and `||'
7143 to be parsed with the wrong precedence has been fixed.
7145 tt. References to unbound variables after `set -u' has been executed now
7146 cause the shell to exit immediately, as they should.
7148 uu. A bug that caused the shell to exit inappropriately when `set -e' had
7149 been executed and a command's return status was being inverted with the
7150 `!' reserved word was fixed.
7152 vv. A bug that could occasionally cause the shell to crash with a
7153 divide-by-zero error when timing a command was fixed.
7155 ww. A bug that caused parameter pattern substitution to leave stray
7156 backslashes in the replacement string when the expression is in
7157 double quotes was fixed.
7159 xx. The `break' and `continue' builtins now break out of all loops when an
7160 invalid count argument is supplied.
7162 yy. Fixed a bug that caused PATH to be set to the empty string if
7163 `command -p' is executed with PATH unset.
7165 zz. Fixed `kill -l signum' to print the signal name without the `SIG' prefix,
7168 aaa. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash while setting $SHELLOPTS
7169 if there were no shell options set.
7171 bbb. Fixed `export -p' and `readonly -p' so that when the shell is in POSIX
7172 mode, their output is as POSIX.2 specifies.
7174 ccc. Fixed a bug in `readonly' so that `readonly -a avar=(...)' actually
7175 creates an array variable.
7177 ddd. Fixed a bug that prevented `time' from correctly timing background
7180 2. Changes to Readline
7182 a. A bug that caused an extra newline to be printed when the cursor was on
7183 an otherwise empty line was fixed.
7185 b. An instance of memory being used after it was freed was corrected.
7187 c. The redisplay code now works when the prompt is longer than the screen
7190 d. `dump-macros' is now a bindable name, as it should have been all along.
7192 e. Non-printable characters are now expanded when displaying macros and
7195 f. The `dump-variables' and `dump-macros' commands now output a leading
7196 newline if they're called as the result of a key sequence, rather
7197 than directly by an application.
7199 3. New Features in Bash
7201 a. There is a new builtin array variable: GROUPS, the set of groups to which
7202 the user belongs. This is used by the test suite.
7204 4. New Features in Readline
7206 a. If a key sequence bound to `universal-argument' is read while reading a
7207 numeric argument started with `universal-argument', it terminates the
7208 argument but is otherwise ignored. This provides a way to insert multiple
7209 instances of a digit string, and is how GNU emacs does it.
7211 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7212 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-release,
7213 and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta3.
7217 a. Fix to the `getopts' builtin so that it does the right thing when a
7218 required option argument is not present.
7220 b. The completion code now updates the common prefix of matched names
7221 after FIGNORE processing is done, since any names that were removed
7222 may have changed the common prefix.
7224 c. Fixed a bug that made messages in MAILPATH entries not work correctly.
7226 d. Fixed a serious documentation error in the description of the new
7227 ${parameter:offset[:length]} expansion.
7229 e. Fixes to make parameter substring expansion ({$param:offset[:length]})
7230 work when within double quotes.
7232 f. Fixes to make ^A (CTLESC) survive an unquoted expansion of positional
7235 g. Corrected a misspelling of `unlimited' in the output of `ulimit'.
7237 h. Fixed a bug that caused executable scripts without a leading `#!' to
7238 occasionally pick up the wrong set of positional parameters.
7240 i. Linux systems now have a working `ulimit -v', using RLIMIT_AS.
7242 j. Updated config.guess so that many more machine types are recognized.
7244 k. Fixed a bug with backslash-quoted slashes in the ${param/pat[/sub]}
7247 l. If the shell is named `-su', and `-c command' is supplied, read and
7248 execute the login shell startup files even though the shell is not
7249 interactive. This is to support the `-' option to `su'.
7251 m. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when the DEBUG trap was ignored
7252 with `trap "" DEBUG' and a shell function was subsequently executed.
7254 n. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps in the read builtin when IFS was
7255 set to the null string and the input had leading whitespace.
7257 2. Changes to Readline
7259 a. Fixed a bug that caused a numeric argument of 1024 to be ignored when
7262 b. Fixed the display code so that the numeric argument is displayed as it's
7265 c. Fixed the numeric argument reading code so that `M-- command' is
7266 equivalent to `M--1 command', as the prompt implies.
7268 3. New Features in Bash
7270 a. `ulimit' now sets both hard and soft limits and reports the soft limit
7271 by default (when neither -H nor -S is specified). This is compatible
7272 with versions of sh and ksh that implement `ulimit'.
7274 b. Integer constants have been extended to base 64.
7276 4. New Features in Readline
7278 a. The `home' and `end' keys are now bound to beginning-of-line and
7279 end-of-line, respectively, if the corresponding termcap capabilities
7282 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7283 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta3,
7284 and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta2.
7288 a. System-specific changes for: AIX 4.2, SCO 3.2v[45], HP-UX.
7290 b. When in POSIX mode, variable assignments preceding a special builtin
7291 persist in the shell environment after the builtin completes.
7293 c. Changed all calls to getwd() to getcwd(). Improved check for systems
7294 where the libc getcwd() calls popen(), since that breaks on some
7295 systems when job control is being used.
7297 d. Fixed a bug that caused seg faults when executing scripts with the
7298 execute bit set but without a leading `#!'.
7300 e. The environment passed to executed commands is never sorted.
7302 f. A bug was fixed in the code that expands ${name[@]} to the number of
7303 elements in an array variable.
7305 g. A bug was fixed in the array compound assignment code ( A=( ... ) ).
7307 h. Window size changes now correctly propagate down to readline if
7308 the shopt `checkwinsize' option is enabled.
7310 i. A fix was made in the code that expands to the length of a variable
7313 j. A fix was made to the command builtin so that it did not turn on the
7314 `no fork' flag inappropriately.
7316 k. A fix was made to make `set -n' work more reliably.
7318 l. A fix was made to the job control initialization code so that the
7319 terminal process group is set to the shell's process group if the
7320 shell changes its own process group.
7322 2. Changes to Readline
7324 a. System-specific changes for: SCO 3.2v[45].
7326 b. The behavior of the vi-mode `.' when redoing an `i' command was changed
7327 to insert the text previously inserted by the `i' command rather than
7328 simply entering insert mode.
7330 3. New features in Bash
7332 a. There is a new version of the autoload function package, in
7333 examples/functions/autoload.v2, that uses arrays and provides more
7336 b. Support for LC_COLLATE and locale-specific sorting of the results of
7337 pathname expansion if strcoll() is available.
7339 4. New Features in Readline
7341 a. Support for locale-specific sorting of completion possibilities if
7342 strcoll() is available.
7344 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7345 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta2,
7346 and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta1.
7350 a. `pushd -' is once again equivalent to `pushd $OLDPWD'.
7352 b. OS-specific changes for: SCO 3.2v[45].
7354 c. A change was made to the fix for the recently-reported security hole
7355 when reading characters with octal value 255 to make it work better on
7356 systems with restartable system calls when not using readline.
7358 d. Some changes were made to the test suite so that it works if you
7359 configure bash with --enable-usg-echo-default.
7361 e. A fix was made to the parsing of conditional arithmetic expressions.
7363 f. Illegal arithmetic bases now cause an arithmetic evaluation error rather
7364 than being silently reset.
7366 g. Multiple arithmetic bases now cause an arithmetic evaluation error
7367 instead of being ignored.
7369 h. A fix was made to the evaluation of ${param?word} to conform to POSIX.2.
7371 i. A bug that sometimes caused array indices to be evaluated twice (which
7372 would cause errors when they contained assignment statements) was fixed.
7374 j. `ulimit' was rewritten to avoid problems with getrlimit(2) returning
7375 unsigned values and to simplify the code.
7377 k. A bug in the command-oriented-history code that caused it to sometimes
7378 put semicolons after right parens inappropriately was fixed.
7380 l. The values inserted into the prompt by the \w and \W escape sequences
7381 are now quoted to prevent further expansion.
7383 m. An interactive shell invoked as `sh' now reads and executes commands
7384 from the file named by $ENV when it starts up. If it's a login shell,
7385 it does this after reading /etc/profile and ~/.profile.
7387 n. The file named by $ENV is never read by non-interactive shells.
7389 2. Changes to Readline
7391 a. A few changes were made to hide some macros and functions that should not
7394 b. An off-by-one error that caused seg faults in the history expansion code
7397 3. New Features in Bash
7399 a. The ksh-style ((...)) arithmetic command was implemented. It is exactly
7400 identical to let "...". This is controlled by a new option to configure,
7401 `--enable-dparen-arithmetic', which is on by default.
7403 b. There is a new #define available in config.h.top: SYS_BASH_LOGOUT. If
7404 defined to a filename, bash reads and executes commands from that file
7405 when a login shell exits. It's commented out by default.
7407 c. `ulimit' has a `-l' option that reports the maximum amount of data that
7408 may be locked into memory on 4.4BSD-based systems.
7410 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7411 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta1,
7412 and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha4.
7416 a. A bug that sometimes caused traps to be ignored on signals the
7417 shell treats specially was fixed.
7419 b. The internationalization code was changed to track the values of
7420 LC_* variables and call setlocale() as appropriate. The TEXTDOMAIN
7421 and TEXTDOMAINDIR variables are also tracked; changes cause calls
7422 to textdomain() and bindtextdomain(), if available.
7424 c. A bug was fixed that sometimes caused double-quoted strings to be
7427 d. Changes were made so that the siglist code compiles correctly on
7430 e. Added `:' to the set of characters that cause word breaks for the
7431 completion code so that pathnames in assignments to $PATH can be
7434 f. The `select' command was fixed to print $PS3 to stderr.
7436 g. Fixed an error in the manual page section describing the effect that
7437 setting and unsetting GLOBIGNORE has on the setting of the `dotglob'
7440 h. The time conversion code now uses CLK_TCK rather than CLOCKS_PER_SEC
7441 on systems without gettimeofday() and resources.
7443 i. The getopt static variables are now initialized each time a subshell
7444 is started, so subshells using `getopts' work right.
7446 j. A sign-extension bug that caused a possible security hole was fixed.
7448 k. The parser now reads characters between backquotes within a double-
7449 quoted string as a single word, so double quotes in the backquoted
7450 string don't terminate the enclosing double-quoted string.
7452 l. A bug that caused `^O' to work incorrectly when typed as the first
7453 thing to an interactive shell was fixed.
7455 m. A rarely-exercised off-by-one error in the code that quotes variable
7458 n. Some memory and file descriptor leaks encountered when running a
7459 shell script that is executable but does not have a leading `#!'
7462 2. Changes to Readline
7464 a. A bug that sometimes caused incorrect results when trying to read
7465 typeahead on systems without FIONREAD was fixed.
7467 3. New Features in Bash
7469 a. The command timing code now uses the value of the TIMEFORMAT variable
7470 to format and display timing statistics.
7472 b. The `time' reserved word now accepts a `-p' option to force the
7473 POSIX.2 output format.
7475 c. There are a couple of new and updated scripts to convert csh startup
7476 files to bash format.
7478 d. There is a new builtin array variable: BASH_VERSINFO. The various
7479 members hold the parts of the version information in BASH_VERSION,
7480 plus the value of MACHTYPE.
7482 4. New Features in Readline
7484 a. Setting LANG to `en_US.ISO8859-1' now causes readline to enter
7487 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7488 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha4,
7489 and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha3.
7493 a. There is better detection of rsh connections on Solaris 2.
7495 b. Assignments to read-only variables preceding a command name are now
7496 variable assignment errors. Variable assignment errors cause
7497 non-interactive shells running in posix mode to exit.
7499 c. The word tokenizer was rewritten to handle nested quotes and pairs
7500 ('', "", ``, ${...}, $(...), $[...], $'...', $"...", <(...), >(...))
7501 correctly. Some of the parameter expansion code was updated as a
7504 d. A fix was made to `test' when given three arguments so that a binary
7505 operator is checked for first, before checking that the first argument
7508 e. 2''>/dev/null is no longer equivalent to 2>/dev/null.
7510 f. Parser error messages were regularized, and in most cases the name of
7511 the shell script being read by a non-interactive shell is not printed
7514 g. A fix was made to the completion code so that it no longer removes the
7515 text the user typed in some cases.
7517 h. The special glibc `getopt' environment variable is no longer put into
7518 the environment on machines with small values of ARG_MAX.
7520 i. The expansion of ${...} now follows the POSIX.2 rules for finding the
7523 j. The shell no longer displays spurious status messages for background
7524 jobs in shell scripts that complete successfully when the script is
7525 run from a terminal.
7527 k. `shopt -o' now correctly updates $SHELLOPTS.
7529 l. A bug that caused the $PATH searching code to return a non-executable
7530 file even when an executable file with the same name appeared later in
7533 m. The shell now does tilde expansions on unquoted `:~' in assignment
7534 statements when not in posix mode.
7536 n. Variable assignment errors when a command consists only of assignments
7537 now cause non-interactive shells to exit when in posix mode.
7539 o. If the variable in a `for' or `select' command is read-only, or not a
7540 legal shell identifier, a variable assignment error occurs.
7542 p. `test' now handles `-a' and `-o' as binary operators when three arguments
7543 are supplied, and correctly parses `( word )' as equivalent to `word'.
7545 q. `test' was fixed so that file names of the form /dev/fd/NN mean the same
7546 thing on all systems, even Linux.
7548 r. Fixed a bug in the globbing code that caused patterns with multiple
7549 consecutive `*'s to not be matched correctly.
7551 s. Fixed a bug that caused $PS2 to not be printed when an interactive shell
7552 not using readline is reading a here document.
7554 t. Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to be performed inappropriately
7555 when a single-quoted string spanned more than one line.
7557 u. `getopts' now checks that the variable name passed by the user as the
7558 second argument is a legal shell identifier and that the variable is
7561 v. Fixed `getopts' to obey POSIX.2 rules for setting $OPTIND when it
7562 encounters an error.
7564 w. Fixed `set' to display variable values in a form that can be re-read.
7566 x. Fixed a bug in the code that keeps track of whether or not local variables
7567 have been declared at the current level of function nesting.
7569 y. Non-interactive shells in posix mode now exit if the name in a function
7570 declaration is not a legal identifier.
7572 z. The job control code now ignores stopped children when the shell is not
7575 aa. The `cd' builtin no longer attempts spelling correction on the directory
7576 name if the shell is not interactive, regardless of the setting of the
7579 bb. Some OS-specific changes were made for SCO 3.2v[45] and AIX 4.2.
7581 cc. `time' now prints its output to stderr, as POSIX.2 specifies.
7583 2. Fixes to Readline
7585 a. After printing possible completions, all lines of a multi-line prompt
7588 b. Some changes were made to the terminal handling code in rltty.c to
7589 work around AIX 4.2 bugs.
7591 3. New Features in Bash
7593 a. There is a new loadable builtin: sprintf, with calling syntax
7594 sprintf var format [args]
7595 This provides an easy way to simulate ksh left- and right-justified
7598 b. The expansions of \h and \H in prompt strings were swapped. \h now
7599 expands to the hostname up to the first `.', as in bash-1.14.
7601 4. New Features in Readline
7603 a. The bash-1.14 behavior when ^M is typed while doing an incremental
7604 search was restored. ^J may now be used to terminate the search without
7607 b. There is a new bindable variable: disable-completion. This inhibits
7608 word completion and causes the completion character to be inserted as
7609 if it had been bound to self-insert.
7611 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7612 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha3,
7613 and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha2.
7615 There is now a file `COMPAT' included in the distribution that lists the
7616 user-visible incompatibilities between 1.14 and 2.0.
7620 a. Some work was done so that word splitting of the rhs of assignment
7621 statements conforms more closely to historical practice.
7623 b. A couple of errant memory frees were fixed.
7625 c. A fix was made to the test builtin so it recognizes `<' and `>' as
7628 d. The GNU malloc in lib/malloc/malloc.c now scrambles memory as it's
7629 allocated and freed. This is to catch callers that refer to freed
7630 memory or assume something about newly-allocated memory.
7632 e. Fixed a problem with conversion to 12-hour time in the prompt
7635 f. Fixed a problem with configure's argument parsing order. Now you can
7636 correctly turn on specific options after using --enable-minimal-config.
7638 g. The configure script now automatically disables the use of GNU malloc
7639 on systems where it's appropriate (better than having people read the
7640 NOTES file and do it manually).
7642 h. There are new prompt expansions (\v and \V) to insert version information
7643 into the prompt strings.
7645 i. The default prompt string now includes the version number.
7647 j. Most of the builtins that take no options were changed to use the
7648 internal getopt so they can produce proper error messages for -?
7649 and incorrect options.
7651 k. Some system-specific changes were made for SVR4.2 and Solaris 2.5.
7653 l. Bash now uses PATH_MAX instead of MAXPATHLEN and NAME_MAX instead of
7656 m. A couple of problems caused by uninitialized variables were fixed.
7658 n. There are a number of new loadable builtin examples: logname, basename,
7659 dirname, tty, pathchk, tee, head, and rmdir. All of these conform to
7662 o. Bash now notices changes in TZ and calls tzset() if present, so
7663 changing TZ will alter the time printed by prompt expansions.
7665 p. The source was reorganized a bit so I don't have to wait so long for
7666 some files to compile, and to facilitate the creation of a `shell
7667 library' at some future point.
7669 q. Bash no longer turns off job control if called as `sh', since the
7670 POSIX.2 spec includes job control as a standard feature.
7672 r. `bash -o posix' now works as intended.
7674 s. Fixed a problem with the completion code: when completing a filename
7675 that contained globbing characters, if show-all-if-ambiguous was set,
7676 the completion code would remove the user's text.
7678 t. Fixed ulimit so that (hopefully) the full range of limits is available
7681 u. A new `shopt' option (`hostcomplete') enables and disables hostname
7684 v. The shell no longer attempts to save the history on an abort(),
7685 which is usually called by programming_error().
7687 w. The `-s' option to `fc' was changed to echo the command to be executed
7688 to stderr instead of stdout.
7690 x. If the editor invoked by `fc -e' exits with a non-zero status, no
7691 commands are executed.
7693 y. Fixed a bug that made the shopt `histverify' option work incorrectly.
7695 z. There is a new variable `MACHTYPE' whose value is the GNU-style
7696 `cpu-company-system' system description as set by configure. (The
7697 values of MACHTYPE and HOSTTYPE should really be swapped.)
7699 aa. The `ulimit' builtin now allows the maximum virtual memory size to be
7700 set via setrlimit(2) if RLIMIT_VMEM is defined.
7702 bb. `bash -nc 'command'' no longer runs `command'.
7704 2. Changes to Readline
7706 a. Fixed a typo in the code that checked for FIONREAD in input.c.
7708 b. Fixed a bug in the code that outputs keybindings, so things like C-\
7709 are quoted properly.
7711 c. Fixed a bug in the inputrc file parsing code to handle the problems
7712 caused by inputrc files created from the output of `bind -p' in
7713 previous versions of bash. The problem was due to the bug fixed
7716 d. Readline no longer turns off the terminal's meta key, and turns it on
7717 once the first time it's called.
7719 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7720 This file documents the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha2,
7721 and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha.
7725 a. The shell no longer thinks directories are executable.
7727 b. `disown' has a new option, `h', which inhibits the resending of SIGHUP
7728 but does not remove the job from the jobs table.
7730 c. The varargs functions in error.c now use ANSI-C `stdarg' if available.
7732 d. The build process now treats the `build version' in .build as local to
7733 the build directory, so different versions built from the same source
7734 tree have different `build versions'.
7736 e. Some problems with the grammar have been fixed. (It used `list' in a few
7737 productions where `compound_list' was needed. A `list' must be terminated
7738 with a newline or semicolon; a `compound_list' need not be.)
7740 f. A fix was made to keep `wait' from hanging when waiting for all background
7743 g. `bash --help' now writes its output to stdout, like the GNU Coding Standards
7744 specify, and includes the machine type (the value of MACHTYPE).
7746 h. `bash --version' now prints more information and exits successfully, like
7747 the GNU Coding Standards specify.
7749 i. The output of `time' and `times' now prints fractional seconds with three
7750 places after the decimal point.
7752 j. A bug that caused process substitutions to screw up the pipeline printed
7753 by `jobs' was fixed.
7755 k. Fixes were made to the code that implements $'...' and $"..." so they
7758 l. The process substitution code now opens named pipes for reading with
7759 O_NONBLOCK to avoid hanging.
7761 m. Fixes were made to the trap code so the shell cleans up correctly if the
7762 trap command contains a `return' and we're executing a function or
7763 sourcing a script with `.'.
7765 n. Fixes to doc/Makefile.in so that it doesn't try to remake all of the
7766 documentation (ps, dvi, etc.) on a `make install'.
7768 o. Fixed an auto-increment error that caused bash -c args to sometimes dump
7771 p. Fixed a bug that caused $HISTIGNORE to fail when the history line
7772 contained globbing characters.
7774 2. Changes to Readline
7776 a. There is a new string variable, rl_library_version, available for use by
7777 applications. The current value is "2.1".
7779 b. A bug encountered when expand-tilde was enabled and file completion was
7780 attempted on a word beginning with `~/' was fixed.
7782 c. A slight change was made to the incremental search termination behavior.
7783 ESC still terminates the search, but if input is pending or arrives
7784 within 0.1 seconds (on systems with select(2)), it is used as a prefix
7785 character. This is intented to allow users to terminate searches with
7786 the arrow keys and get the behavior they expect.