1 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-alpha,
2 and the previous version, bash-3.1-release.
6 a. Fixed a source bug that caused the minimal configuration to not compile.
8 b. Fixed memory leaks in error handling for the `read' builtin.
10 c. Changed the [[ and (( compound commands to set PIPESTATUS with their exit
13 d. Fixed some parsing problems with compound array assignments.
15 e. Added additional configuration changes for: NetBSD (incomplete multibyte
18 f. Fixed two bugs with local array variable creation when shadowing a variable
19 of the same name from a previous context.
21 g. Fixed the `read' builtin to restore the correct set of completion functions
24 h. Added code to defer the initialization of HISTSIZE (and its stifling of the
25 history list) until the history file is loaded, allowing a startup file to
26 override the default value.
28 i. Tightened up the arithmetic expression parsing to produce better error
29 messages when presented with invalid operators.
31 j. Fixed the cross-compilation support to build the signal list at shell
32 invocation rather than compile time if cross-compiling.
34 k. Fixed multibyte support for non-gcc compilers (or compilers that do not
35 allow automatic array variable sizing based on a non-constant value).
37 l. Several fixes to the code that manages the list of terminated jobs and
38 their exit statuses, and the list of active and recently-terminated jobs
39 to avoid pid aliasing/wraparound and allocation errors.
41 m. Fixed a problem that allowed scripts to die due to SIGINT while waiting
42 for children, even when started in the background or otherwise ignoring
45 n. Fixed a bug that caused shells invoked as -/bin/bash from not being
46 recognized as login shells.
48 o. Fixed a problem that caused shells in the background to give the terminal
49 to a process group other than the foreground shell process group.
51 p. Fixed a problem with extracting the `varname' in ${#varname}.
53 q. Fixed the code that handles SIGQUIT to not exit immediately -- thereby
54 calling functions that may not be called in a signal handler context --
55 but set a flag and exit afterward (like SIGINT).
57 r. Changed the brace expansion code to skip over braces that don't begin a
58 valid matched brace expansion construct.
60 s. Fixed `typeset' and `declare' to not require that their shell function
61 operands to be valid shell identifiers.
63 t. Changed `test' to use access(2) with a temporary uid/euid swap when testing
64 file attributes and running setuid, and access(2) in most other cases.
66 u. Changed completion code to not attempt command name completion on a line
67 consisting solely of whitespace when no_empty_command_completion is set.
69 v. The `hash' builtin now prints nothing in posix mode when the hash table is
70 empty, and prints a message to that effect to stdout instead of stderr
71 when not in posix mode.
73 w. Fixed a bug in the extended pattern matching code that caused it to fail to
74 match periods with certain patterns.
76 x. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing filename
77 generation in directories with thousands of files.
79 y. Returned to the original Bourne shell rules for parsing ``: no recursive
80 parsing of embedded quoted strings or ${...} constructs.
82 z. The inheritence of the DEBUG, RETURN, and ERR traps is now dependent only
83 on the settings of the `functrace' and `errtrace' shell options, rather
84 than whether or not the shell is in debugging mode.
86 aa. Fixed a problem with $HOME being converted to ~ in the expansion of
87 members of the DIRSTACK array.
89 bb. Fixed a problem with quoted arguments to arithmetic expansions in certain
92 cc. The command word completion code now no longer returns matching directories
93 while searching $PATH.
95 dd. Fixed a bug with zero-padding and precision handling in snprintf()
98 ee. Fixed a bug that caused the command substitution code not to take embedded
99 shell comments into account.
101 ff. Fixed a bug that caused $((...);(...)) to be misinterpreted as an
102 arithmetic substitution.
104 gg. Fixed a bug in the prompt expansion code that inappropriately added a
105 \001 before a \002 under certain circumstances.
107 hh. Fixed a bug that caused `unset LANG' to not properly reset the locale
108 (previous versions would set the locale back to what it was when bash
109 was started rather than the system's "native" locale).
111 ii. Fixed a bug that could cause file descriptors > 10 to not be closed even
112 when closed explicitly by a script.
114 jj. Fixed a bug that caused single quotes to be stripped from ANSI-C quoting
115 inside double-quoted command substitutions.
117 kk. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when `return' was executed as the
118 last element of a pipeline inside a shell function.
120 ll. Fixed a bug that caused DEBUG trap strings to overwrite commands stored in
123 2. Changes to Readline
125 a. Fixed a problem that caused segmentation faults when using readline in
126 callback mode and typing consecutive DEL characters on an empty line.
128 b. Fixed several redisplay problems with multibyte characters, all having to
129 do with the different code paths and variable meanings between single-byte
130 and multibyte character redisplay.
132 c. Fixed a problem with key sequence translation when presented with the
135 d. Fixed a problem that prevented the `a' command in vi mode from being
136 undone and redone properly.
138 e. Fixed a problem that prevented empty inserts in vi mode from being undone
141 f. Fixed a problem that caused readline to initialize with an incorrect idea
142 of whether or not the terminal can autowrap.
144 g. Fixed output of key bindings (like bash `bind -p') to honor the setting of
145 convert-meta and use \e where appropriate.
147 h. Changed the default filename completion function to call the filename
148 dequoting function if the directory completion hook isn't set. This means
149 that any directory completion hooks need to dequote the directory name,
150 since application-specific hooks need to know how the word was quoted,
151 even if no other changes are made.
153 i. Fixed a bug with creating the prompt for a non-interactive search string
154 when there are non-printing characters in the primary prompt.
156 j. Fixed a bug that caused prompts with invisible characters to be redrawn
157 multiple times in a multibyte locale.
159 k. Fixed a bug that could cause the key sequence scanning code to return the
162 l. Fixed a problem with the callback interface that caused it to fail when
163 using multi-character keyboard macros.
165 m. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when an edited history entry was
166 re-executed under certain conditions.
168 n. Fixed a bug that caused readline to reference freed memory when attmpting
169 to display a portion of the prompt.
171 3. New Features in Bash
173 a. Changed the parameter pattern replacement functions to not anchor the
174 pattern at the beginning of the string if doing global replacement - that
175 combination doesn't make any sense.
177 b. When running in `word expansion only' mode (--wordexp option), inhibit
178 process substitution.
180 c. Loadable builtins now work on MacOS X 10.[34].
182 d. Shells running in posix mode no longer set $HOME, as POSIX requires.
184 e. The code that checks for binary files being executed as shell scripts now
185 checks only for NUL rather than any non-printing character.
187 f. Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's =~ operator now forces
188 string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators.
190 4. New Features in Readline
192 a. Calling applications can now set the keyboard timeout to 0, allowing
195 b. The value of SYS_INPUTRC (configurable at compilation time) is now used as
196 the default last-ditch startup file.
198 c. The history file reading functions now allow windows-like \r\n line
201 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
202 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-release,
203 and the previous version, bash-3.1-rc2.
205 1. Changes to Readline
207 a. Several changes to the multibyte redisplay code to fix problems with
208 prompts containing invisible characters.
210 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
211 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-rc2,
212 and the previous version, bash-3.1-rc1.
216 a. Fixed a bug that caused a DEBUG trap to overwrite a command string that's
217 eventually attached to a background job.
219 b. Changed some code so that filenames with leading tildes with spaces in the
220 name aren't tilde-expanded by the bash completion code.
222 c. Fixed a bug that caused the pushd builtin to fail to change to
223 directories with leading `-'.
225 d. Fixed a small memory leak in the programmable completion code.
227 2. Changes to Readline
229 a. Fixed a redisplay bug caused by moving the cursor vertically to a line
230 with invisible characters in the prompt in a multibyte locale.
232 b. Fixed a bug that could cause the terminal special chars to be bound in the
233 wrong keymap in vi mode.
235 3. New Features in Bash
237 a. If compiled for strict POSIX conformance, LINES and COLUMNS may now
238 override the true terminal size.
240 4. New Features in Readline
242 a. A new external application-controllable variable that allows the LINES
243 and COLUMNS environment variables to set the window size regardless of
244 what the kernel returns.
246 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
247 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-rc1,
248 and the previous version, bash-3.1-beta1.
252 a. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps due to accessing the current
253 pipeline while in the middle of modifying it.
255 b. Fixed a bug that caused pathnames with backslashes still quoting characters
256 to be passed to opendir().
258 c. Command word completion now obeys the setting of completion-ignore-case.
260 d. Fixed a problem with redirection that caused file descriptors greater than
261 2 to be inappropriately marked as close-on-exec.
263 e. In Posix mode, after `wait' is called to wait for a particular process
264 explicitly, that process is removed from the list of processes known to
265 the shell, and subsequent attempts to wait for it return errors.
267 f. Fixed a bug that caused extended pattern matching to incorrectly scan
268 backslash-escaped pattern characters.
270 g. Fixed a synchronization problem that could cause core dumps when handling
273 h. Fixed a bug that caused an unmatched backquote to be accepted without an
274 error when processing here documents.
276 i. Fixed a small memory leak in the `cd' builtin.
278 j. Fix for MacOS X so it gets the values for the HOSTTYPE, MACHTYPE, and
279 OSTYPE variables at build time, to support universal binaries.
281 k. Fixed a bug that could cause an exit trap to return the exit status of
282 the trap command rather than the status as it was before the trap was
283 run as the shell's exit status.
285 2. New Features in Bash
287 3. Changes to Readline
289 a. Fixed a bug that caused reversing the incremental search direction to
292 b. Fixed the vi-mode `U' command to only undo up to the first time insert mode
293 was entered, as Posix specifies.
295 c. Fixed a bug in the vi-mode `r' command that left the cursor in the wrong
298 4. New Features in Readline
300 a. New application-callable auxiliary function, rl_variable_value, returns
301 a string corresponding to a readline variable's value.
303 b. When parsing inputrc files and variable binding commands, the parser
304 strips trailing whitespace from values assigned to boolean variables
305 before checking them.
308 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
309 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-beta1,
310 and the previous version, bash-3.1-alpha1.
314 a. Added some system-specific signal names.
316 b. Fixed a typo in the ulimit builtin to make `x' the right option to
317 maniuplate the limit on file locks.
319 c. Fixed a problem with using += to append to index 0 of an array variable
320 when not using subscript syntax.
322 d. A few changes to configure.in to remove calls to obsolete or outdated
325 e. Make sure changes to variables bash handles specially (e.g., LC_ALL) are
326 made when the variable is set in the temporary environment to a command.
328 f. Make sure changes to variables bash handles specially (e.g., LC_ALL) are
329 made when the variable is modified using `printf -v'.
331 g. The export environment is now remade on cygwin when HOME is changed, so
332 DLLs bash is linked against pick up the new value. This fixes problems
333 with tilde expansion when linking against and already-installed readline.
335 h. Small fix to the logic for performing tilde expansion in posix mode, so
336 expansion on the right-hand side of an assignment statement takes place.
338 i. Fixed a bug that prevented redirections associated with a shell function
339 from being executed when in a subshell.
341 j. Fixed `source' and `.' builtins to not require an executable file when
342 searching $PATH for a file to source.
344 k. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect word splitting in a function when IFS
345 was declared local, then unset.
347 l. Fixed a problem with the `kill' builtin that prevented sending signals
348 to a process group under certain circumstances when providing a pid < 0.
350 m. When in POSIX mode, `pwd' now checks that the value it prints is the same
351 directory as `.', even when displaying $PWD.
353 n. Fixed a problem with the `read' builtin when reading a script from standard
354 input and reading data from the same file.
356 o. Fixed a problem with the `type' and `command' builtins that caused absolute
357 pathnames to be displayed incorrectly.
359 p. Some changes to the `bg' builtin for POSIX conformance.
361 q. The `fc' builtin now removes the `fc' command that caused it to invoke an
362 editor on specified history entries from the history entirely, rather than
365 r. When in POSIX mode, the `v' command in vi editing mode simply invokes vi
366 on the current command, rather than checking $FCEDIT and $EDITOR.
368 s. Fixed a small memory leak in the pathname canonicalization code.
370 t. Fixed a bug that caused the expanded value of a $'...' string to be
371 incorrectly re-quoted if it occurred within a double-quoted ${...}
374 u. Restored default emacs-mode key binding of M-TAB to dynamic-complete-history.
376 v. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when interrupting loops running builtins
379 w. Make sure that some of the functions bash provides replacements for are
382 x. The code that scans embedded commands for the parser (`...` and $(...)) is
383 now more aware of embedded comments and their effect on quoted strings.
385 y. Changed the `-n' option to the `history' builtin to not reset the number of
386 history lines read in the current session after reading the new lines from
387 the history file if the history is being appended when it is written to
388 the file, since the appending takes care of the problem that the adjustment
389 was intended to solve.
391 z. Improved the error message displayed when a shell script fails to execute
392 because the environment and size of command line arguments are too large.
394 aa. A small fix to make sure that $HISTCMD is evaluated whenever the shell is
395 saving commands to the history list, not just when HISTSIZE is defined.
397 2. Changes to Readline
399 a. The `change-case' command now correctly changes the case of multibyte
402 b. Changes to the shared library construction scripts to deal with Windows
403 DLL naming conventions for Cygwin.
405 c. Fixed the redisplay code to avoid core dumps resulting from a poorly-timed
408 d. Fixed the non-incremental search code in vi mode to dispose of any current
409 undo list when copying a line from the history into the current editing
412 e. The variable assignment code now ignores whitespace at the end of lines
413 when assigning to boolean variables.
415 f. The `C-w' binding in incremental search now understands multibyte
418 3. New Features in Bash
420 a. A new configuration option, `--enable-strict-posix-default', which will
421 build bash to be POSIX conforming by default.
423 4. New Features in Readline
425 a. If the rl_completion_query_items is set to a value < 0, readline never
426 asks the user whether or not to view the possible completions.
428 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
429 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-alpha1,
430 and the previous version, bash-3.0-release.
434 a. Fixed a bug that caused bash to crash if referencing an unset local array.
436 b. Fixed a problem that caused tilde expansion to not be performed before
437 attempting globbing word completion.
439 c. Fixed an incompatibility so that a first argument to trap that's a valid
440 signal number will be trated as a signal rather than a command to execute.
442 d. Fixed ${#word} expansion to correctly compute the length of a string
443 containing multibyte characters.
445 e. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not pass the correct flags for signal
446 disposition to child processes.
448 f. Fixed a bug that caused `fc -l' to list one too many history entries.
450 g. Some fixes to `fc' for POSIX conformance.
452 h. Some fixes to job status display for POSIX conformance.
454 i. Fixed a bug that caused `command -v' to display output if a command was not
455 found -- it should be silent.
457 j. In POSIX mode, `type' and `command -[vV]' do not report non-executable
458 files, even if the shell will attempt to execute them.
460 k. Fixed a bug that caused the `==' operator to the [[ command to not attempt
461 extended pattern matching.
463 l. Fixed the brace expansion code to handle characters whose value exceeds 128.
465 m. Fixed `printf' to handle strings with a leading `\0' whose length is
468 n. Fixed a couple of problems with brace expansion where `${' was handled
471 o. Fixed off-by-one error when calculating the upper bound of `offset' when
472 processing the ${array[@]:offset:length} expansion.
474 p. System-specific configuration changes for: FreeBSD 5.x, Interix, MacOS X
475 10.4, Linux 2.4+ kernels, Linux 3.x kernels, Dragonfly BSD, QNX 6.x,
478 q. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to ignore the status of the rightmost
479 command in a pipeline when the `pipefail' option was enabled.
481 r. Fixed a completion bug that caused core dumps when expanding a directory
484 s. Fixed a bug that prevented `hash -d' from removing commands from the hash
487 t. Fixed word splitting to avoid really bad quadratic performance when
488 expanding long lists.
490 u. Fixed a bug that caused negative offsets in substring expansion to use the
493 v. Fixed a bug in printf that caused it to not return failure on write errors.
495 w. Fixed a bug that caused commands in subshells to not be properly timed.
497 x. The shell parser no longer attempts to parse a compound assignment specially
498 unless in a position where an assignment statement is acceptable or parsing
499 arguments to a builtin that accepts assignment statements.
501 y. Fixed a problem that caused a `case' statement to be added to the history
502 incorrectly as a single command if the `case word' was on one line and the
505 z. Fixed a problem that caused internal shell quoting characters to be
506 incorrectly quoted with backslashes under some circumstances.
508 aa. The shell now performs correct word splitting when IFS contains multibyte
511 bb. The mail checking code now resets the cached file information if the size
512 drops to 0, even if the times don't change.
514 cc. A completed command name that is found in $PATH as well as the name of a
515 directory in the current directory no longer has a slash appended in certain
516 circumstances: a single instance found in $PATH when `.' is not in $PATH,
517 and multiple instances found in $PATH, even when `.' is in $PATH.
519 dd. Incorporated tilde expansion into the word expansion code rather than as a
520 separately-called function, fixing some cases where it was performed
521 inappropriately (e.g., after the second `=' in an assignment statement or
522 in a double-quoted parameter expansion).
524 ee. Fixed several bugs encountered when parsing compound assignment statements,
525 so that compound assignments appearing as arguments to builtins are no
526 longer double-expanded.
528 ff. Fixed a bug in the command execution code that caused asynchronous commands
529 containing command substitutions to not put the terminal in the wrong
532 gg. Bash now handles the case where the WCONTINUED flag causes waitpid() to
533 return -1/EINVAL at runtime as well as configuration time.
535 hh. Fixed parser to generate an error when the pipeline `argument' to `!' or
538 ii. The shell now takes a little more care when manipulating file descriptors
539 greater than 9 with the `exec' builtin.
541 jj. Fixed a bug that caused variable assignments preceding the `command' builtin
542 preceding a special builtin to be preserved after the command completed in
545 kk. Fixed a bug that allowed variables beginning with a digit to be created.
547 ll. Fixed a bug that caused a \<newline> to be removed when parsing a $'...'
550 mm. A shell whose name begins with `-' will now be a restricted shell if the
551 remainder of the name indicates it should be restricted.
553 nn. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if FUNCNAME were changed or unset
554 during a function's execution.
556 oo. Fixed a bug that caused executing a `return' in a function to not execute
557 a RETURN trap. The RETURN trap is inherited by shell functions only if
558 function tracing is globally enabled or has been enabled for that function.
560 pp. Fixed cases where var[@] was not handled exactly like var, when var is a
563 qq. Fixed a bug that caused the first character after a SIGINT to be discarded
564 under certain circumstances.
566 rr. Fixed exit status code so that a suspended job returns 128+signal as its
567 exit status (preventing commands after it in `&&' lists from being
570 ss. Fixed a bug that caused the shell parser state to be changed by executing
571 a shell function as a result of word completion.
573 tt. Fixed a long-standing bug that caused '\177' characters in variable
574 values to be discarded when expanded in double-quoted strings.
576 uu. Fixed a bug that caused $RANDOM to be re-seeded multiple times in a
577 subshell environment.
579 vv. Extensive changes to the job management code to avoid the pid-reuse and
580 pid-aliasing problems caused by retaining the exit status of too many jobs,
581 but still retain as many background job statuses as POSIX requires.
583 ww. Fixed a parser bug in processing \<newline> that caused things like
588 to not work correctly.
590 xx. `pwd -P' now sets $PWD to a directory name containing no symbolic links
591 when in posix mode, as POSIX requires.
593 yy. In posix mode, bash no longer sets $PWD to a name containing no symbolic
594 links if a directory is chosen from $CDPATH.
596 zz. The word splitting code now treats an IFS character that is not space,
597 tab, or newline and any adjacent IFS white space as a single delimiter, as
600 aaa. The `read' builtin now checks whether or not the number of fields read is
601 exactly the same as the number of variables instead of just assigning the
602 rest of the line (minus any trailing IFS white space) to the last
603 variable. This is what POSIX/SUS/XPG all require.
605 bbb. Fixed a bug that caused `read' to always check whether or not fd 0 was a
606 pipe, even when reading from another file descriptor.
608 ccc. Fixed a bug that caused short-circuiting of execution even if the return
609 value was being inverted.
611 ddd. Fixed a bug that caused a core dump while decoding \W escapes in PS1 if
614 eee. Fixed a bug in `read' that counted internal quoting characters for the
615 purposes of `read -n'.
617 fff. Fixed a bug so that a function definition in a pipeline causes a child
618 process to be forked at the right time.
620 ggg. Bash will not attempt to link against a readline library that doesn't
621 have rl_gnu_readline_p == 1.
623 hhh. Fixed a bug that caused `read' to consume one too many characters when
624 reading a fixed number of characters and the Nth character is a backslash.
626 iii. Fixed a bug that caused `unset' on variables in the temporary environment
627 to leave them set when `unset' completed.
629 jjj. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close fd 2 if an `exec' failed and the
632 kkk. The completion code is more careful to not turn `/' or `///' into `//',
633 for those systems on which `//' has special meaning.
635 lll. Fixed a bug that caused command substitution in asynchronous commands to
636 close the wrong file descriptors.
638 mmm. The shell no longer prints status messages about terminated background
639 processes unless job control is active.
641 nnn. Fixed a bug that prevented multiple consecutive invocations of `history -s'
642 from adding all the commands to the history list.
644 ooo. Added a couple of changes to make arithmetic expansion more consistent in
645 all its contexts (still not perfect).
647 ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the parser to occasionally not find the right
648 terminating "`" in an old-style command substitution.
650 qqq. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when the shell was reading its non-
651 interactive input from fd 0 and fd 0 was duplicated and restored using a
652 combination of `exec' (to save) and redirection (to restore).
654 rrr. Fixed a problem that caused loops in sourced scripts to not be cleaned
655 up properly when a `return' is executed.
657 sss. Change internal command substitution completion function to append a slash
658 to directory names in the command.
660 2. Changes to Readline
662 a. Fixed a bug that caused multiliine prompts to be wrapped and displayed
665 b. Fixed a bug that caused ^P/^N in emacs mode to fail to display the current
668 c. Fixed a problem in computing the number of invisible characters on the first
669 line of a prompt whose length exceeds the screen width.
671 d. Fixed vi-mode searching so that failure preserves the current line rather
672 than the last line in the history list.
674 e. Fixed the vi-mode `~' command (change-case) to have the correct behavior at
675 end-of-line when manipulating multibyte characters.
677 f. Fixed the vi-mode `r' command (change-char) to have the correct behavior at
678 end-of-line when manipulating multibyte characters.
680 g. Fixed multiple bugs in the redisplay of multibyte characters: displaying
681 prompts longer than the screen width containing multibyte characters,
683 h. Fix the calculation of the number of physical characters in the prompt
684 string when it contains multibyte characters.
686 i. A non-zero value for the `rl_complete_suppress_append' variable now causes
687 no `/' to be appended to a directory name.
689 j. Fixed forward-word and backward-word to work when words contained
690 multibyte characters.
692 k. Fixed a bug in finding the delimiter of a `?' substring when performing
693 history expansion in a locale that supports multibyte characters.
695 l. Fixed a memory leak caused by not freeing the timestamp in a history entry.
697 m. Fixed a bug that caused "\M-x" style key bindings to not obey the setting
698 of the `convert-meta' variable.
700 n. Fixed saving and restoring primary prompt when prompting for incremental
701 and non-incremental searches; search prompts now display multibyte
702 characters correctly.
704 o. Fixed a bug that caused keys originally bound to self-insert but shadowed
705 by a multi-character key sequence to not be inserted.
707 p. Fixed code so rl_prep_term_function and rl_deprep_term_function aren't
708 dereferenced if NULL (matching the documentation).
710 q. Extensive changes to readline to add enough state so that commands
711 requiring additional characters (searches, multi-key sequences, numeric
712 arguments, commands requiring an additional specifier character like
713 vi-mode change-char, etc.) work without synchronously waiting for
716 r. Lots of changes so readline builds and runs on MinGW.
718 s. Readline no longer tries to modify the terminal settings when running in
721 t. The Readline display code no longer sets the location of the last invisible
722 character in the prompt if the \[\] sequence is empty.
724 3. New Features in Bash
726 a. Bash now understands LC_TIME as a special variable so that time display
727 tracks the current locale.
729 b. BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, BASH_SOURCE, and BASH_LINENO are no longer created
730 as `invisible' variables and may not be unset.
732 c. In POSIX mode, if `xpg_echo' option is enabled, the `echo' builtin doesn't
733 try to interpret any options at all, as POSIX requires.
735 d. The `bg' builtin now accepts multiple arguments, as POSIX seems to specify.
737 e. Fixed vi-mode word completion and glob expansion to perform tilde
740 f. The `**' mathematic exponentiation operator is now right-associative.
742 g. The `ulimit' builtin has new options: -i (max number of pending signals),
743 -q (max size of POSIX message queues), and -x (max number of file locks).
745 h. A bare `%' once again expands to the current job when used as a job
748 i. The `+=' assignment operator (append to the value of a string or array) is
749 now supported for assignment statements and arguments to builtin commands
750 that accept assignment statements.
752 j. BASH_COMMAND now preserves its value when a DEBUG trap is executed.
754 k. The `gnu_errfmt' option is enabled automatically if the shell is running
755 in an emacs terminal window.
757 l. New configuration option: --single-help-strings. Causes long help text
758 to be written as a single string; intended to ease translation.
760 m. The COMP_WORDBREAKS variable now causes the list of word break characters
761 to be emptied when the variable is unset.
763 n. An unquoted expansion of $* when $IFS is empty now causes the positional
764 parameters to be concatenated if the expansion doesn't undergo word
767 o. Bash now inherits $_ from the environment if it appears there at startup.
769 p. New shell option: nocasematch. If non-zero, shell pattern matching ignores
770 case when used by `case' and `[[' commands.
772 q. The `printf' builtin takes a new option: -v var. That causes the output
773 to be placed into var instead of on stdout.
775 r. By default, the shell no longer reports processes dying from SIGPIPE.
777 s. Bash now sets the extern variable `environ' to the export environment it
778 creates, so C library functions that call getenv() (and can't use the
779 shell-provided replacement) get current values of environment variables.
781 4. New Features in Readline
783 a. The key sequence sent by the keypad `delete' key is now automatically
784 bound to delete-char.
786 b. A negative argument to menu-complete now cycles backward through the
789 c. A new bindable readline variable: bind-tty-special-chars. If non-zero,
790 readline will bind the terminal special characters to their readline
791 equivalents when it's called (on by default).
793 d. New bindable command: vi-rubout. Saves deleted text for possible
794 reinsertion, as with any vi-mode `text modification' command; `X' is bound
795 to this in vi command mode.
797 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
798 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-release,
799 and the previous version, bash-3.0-rc1.
803 a. Fixed a boundary overrun that could cause segmentation faults when the
804 completion code hands an incomplete construct to the word expansion
807 b. Changed posix mode behavior so that an error in a variable assignment
808 preceding a special builtin causes a non-interactive shell to exit.
810 c. Change the directory expansion portion of the completion code to not
811 expand embedded command substitutions if the directory name appears in
814 d. Fixed a problem that caused `bash -r' to turn on restrictions before
815 reading the startup files.
817 e. Fixed a problem with the default operation of the `umask' builtin.
819 2. Changes to Readline
821 a. Fixed a problem with readline saving the contents of the current line
822 before beginning a non-interactive search.
824 b. Fixed a problem with EOF detection when using rl_event_hook.
826 c. Fixed a problem with the vi mode `p' and `P' commands ignoring numeric
829 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
830 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-rc1,
831 and the previous version, bash-3.0-beta1.
835 a. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect behavior when referecing element 0 of
836 an array using $array, element 0 was unset, and `set -u' was enabled.
838 b. System-specific changes for: SCO Unix 3.2, Tandem.
840 c. Fixed a bug that caused inappropriate word splitting when a variable was
841 expanded within a double-quoted string that also included $@.
843 d. Fixed a bug that caused `pwd' to not display anything in physical mode
844 when the file system had changed underneath the shell.
846 e. Fixed a bug in the pre- and post- increment and decrement parsing in the
847 expression evaluator that caused errors when the operands and corresponding
848 operators were separated by whitespace.
850 f. Fixed a bug that caused `history -p' to add an entry to the history list,
851 counter to the documentation. (Keeps the history expansions invoked by
852 emacs-mode command line editing from doing that as well.)
854 g. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if `cd' is asked to print out a
855 pathname longer than PATH_MAX characters.
857 h. Fixed a bug that caused jobs to be put into the wrong process group under
858 some circumstances after enabling job control with `set -m'.
860 i. `unalias' now returns failure if no alias name arguments are supplied.
862 j. Documented the characters not allowed to appear in an alias name.
864 k. $* is no longer expanded as if in double quotes when it appears in the
865 body of a here document, as the SUS seems to require.
867 l. The `bashbug' script now uses a directory in $TMPDIR for exclusive
868 access rather than trying to guess how the underlying OS provides for
869 secure temporary file creation.
871 m. Fixed a few problems with `cd' and `pwd' when asked to operate on pathnames
872 longer than PATH_MAX characters.
874 n. Fixed a memory leak caused when creating multiple local array variables
875 with identical names.
877 o. Fixed a problem with calls to getcwd() so that bash now operates better
878 when the full pathname to the current directory is longer than PATH_MAX
881 p. The `trap' builtin now reports an error if a single non-signal argument
884 q. Fixed a bug that caused `umask' to not work correctly when presented
885 with a mask of all 0s.
887 r. When `getopts' reaches the end of options, OPTARG is unset, as POSIX
890 s. Interactive mode now depends on whether or not stdin and stderr are
891 connected to a tty; formerly it was stdin and stdout. POSIX requires
894 t. Fixed vi-mode completion to work more as POSIX specifies (e.g., doing the
895 right kind of filename generation).
897 2. Changes to Readline
899 a. Fixed a problem that could cause readline to refer to freed memory when
900 moving between history lines while doing searches.
902 b. Improvements to the code that expands and displays prompt strings
903 containing multibyte characters.
905 c. Fixed a problem with vi-mode not correctly remembering the numeric argument
906 to the last `c'hange command for later use with `.'.
908 d. Fixed a bug in vi-mode that caused multi-digit count arguments to work
911 e. Fixed a problem in vi-mode that caused the last text modification command
912 to not be remembered across different command lines.
914 f. Fixed problems with changing characters and changing case at the end of
917 3. New Features in Bash
919 a. The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation
920 even if job control is not enabled.
922 b. The historical behavior of `trap' that allows a missing `action' argument
923 to cause each specified signal's handling to be reset to its default is
924 now only supported when `trap' is given a single non-option argument.
926 4. New Features in Readline
928 a. When listing completions, directories have a `/' appended if the
929 `mark-directories' option has been enabled.
931 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
932 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-beta1,
933 and the previous version, bash-3.0-alpha.
937 a. Fixes to build correctly when arrays are not compiled into the shell.
939 b. Fixed command substitution to run any exit trap defined in the command
940 substitution before returning; the exit trap is not inherited from the
943 c. Fixes to process group synchronization code so that every child process
944 attempts to set the terminal's process group; fixes some synchronization
945 problems on Linux kernels that schedule the child to always run before
948 d. Fixed processing of octal and hex constants in printf builtin for POSIX.2
951 e. Fixed a couple of core dumps in the pattern removal code.
953 f. Fixes to the array subrange extraction code to deal better with sparse
956 g. Parser errors and other errors that result in the shell exiting now cause
957 the exit trap to be run.
959 h. Change the command substitution completion functions to not append any
960 closing quote, because it would be inserted a closing "`" or ")".
962 i. Fix history initialization so assignments to $histchars made in startup
965 j. If an exit trap does not contain a call to `exit', the shell now uses
966 the exit status of the last command executed before the trap as the exit
969 k. The parser now prompts with $PS2 if it reads a newline while parsing a
970 compound array assignment statement.
972 l. When performing a compound array assignment, the parser doesn't treat
973 words of the form [index]=value as assignments if they're the result of
976 m. Fixed a bug that caused `return' executed in a trap command to make the
977 shell think it was still running the trap.
979 n. Fixed the value of errno set by the pathname canonicalization functions.
981 o. Changed the grammar so that `time' alone on a line times a null command
982 rather than being a syntax error.
984 p. The pattern substitution code no longer performs quote removal on the
985 pattern before trying to match it, as the pattern removal functions do.
987 q. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when checking whether a quoted
988 command name was being completed.
990 r. Fixes to the pattern removal and pattern replacement expansions to deal
991 with multibyte characters better (and faster).
993 s. Fix to the substring expansion (${param:off[:len]}) to deal with (possibly
994 multibyte) characters instead of raw bytes.
996 t. Fixed a bug that caused some key bindings set in an inputrc to be ignored
999 u. Fixed a bug that caused unsetting a local variable within a function to
1002 v. Fixed a bug that caused invalid variables to be created when using
1005 w. Fixed a bug that caused "$@" to expand incorrectly when used as the right
1006 hand side of a parameter expansion such as ${word:="$@"} if the first
1007 character of $IFS was not a space.
1009 x. Fixed a slight cosmetic problem when printing commands containing a
1010 `>&word' redirection.
1012 y. Fixed a problem that could cause here documents to not be created correctly
1013 if the system temporary directory did not allow writing.
1015 2. Changes to Readline
1017 a. Change to history expansion functions to treat `^' as equivalent to word
1018 one, as the documention states.
1020 b. Some changes to the display code to improve display and redisplay of
1021 multibyte characters.
1023 c. Changes to speed up the multibyte character redisplay code.
1025 d. Fixed a bug in the vi-mode `E' command that caused it to skip over the
1026 last character of a word if invoked while point was on the word's
1027 next-to-last character.
1029 e. Fixed a bug that could cause incorrect filename quoting when
1030 case-insensitive completion was enabled and the word being completed
1031 contained backslashes quoting word break characters.
1033 f. Fixed a bug in redisplay triggered when the prompt string contains
1034 invisible characters.
1036 g. Fixed some display (and other) bugs encountered in multibyte locales
1037 when a non-ascii character was the last character on a line.
1039 h. Fixed some display bugs caused by multibyte characters in prompt strings.
1041 i. Fixed a problem with history expansion caused by non-whitespace characters
1042 used as history word delimiters.
1044 3. New Features in Bash
1046 a. printf builtin understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?.
1048 b. `echo -e' understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?.
1050 c. The GNU `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated; the shell's
1051 messages can be translated into different languages.
1053 d. The `\W' prompt expansion now abbreviates $HOME as `~', like `\w'.
1055 e. The error message printed when bash cannot open a shell script supplied
1056 as argument 1 now includes the name of the shell, to better identify
1057 the error as coming from bash.
1059 4. New Features in Readline
1061 a. New application variable, rl_completion_quote_character, set to any
1062 quote character readline finds before it calls the application completion
1065 b. New application variable, rl_completion_suppress_quote, settable by an
1066 application completion function. If set to non-zero, readline does not
1067 attempt to append a closing quote to a completed word.
1069 c. New application variable, rl_completion_found_quote, set to a non-zero
1070 value if readline determines that the word to be completed is quoted.
1071 Set before readline calls any application completion function.
1073 d. New function hook, rl_completion_word_break_hook, called when readline
1074 needs to break a line into words when completion is attempted. Allows
1075 the word break characters to vary based on position in the line.
1077 e. New bindable command: unix-filename-rubout. Does the same thing as
1078 unix-word-rubout, but adds `/' to the set of word delimiters.
1080 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1081 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-alpha,
1082 and the previous version, bash-2.05b-release.
1086 a. Fixes so that the shell will compile without some of the default options
1089 b. Fixed an error message that did not pass enough arguments to printf.
1091 c. Fixed a bug that caused input redirection to a builtin inside a script
1092 being read from standard input to result in the rest of the already-
1093 read and buffered script to be discarded.
1095 d. Fixed a bug that caused subshell initialization to close the file
1096 descriptor from which the shell was reading a script under certain
1099 e. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not advance a string pointer over
1100 a null wide character when doing string operations.
1102 f. Fixed the internal logout code so that shells that time out waiting for
1103 input (using $TMOUT) run ~/.bash_logout.
1105 g. Portability and configuration changes for: cygwin, HP/UX, GNU/FreeBSD.
1107 h. The parser no longer adds implicit double quotes to ((...)) arithmetic
1110 i. The ((...)) arithmetic command evaluation code was fixed to not dump core
1111 when the expanded string is null.
1113 j. The ((...)) arithmetic command evaluation code was fixed to not perform
1114 variable assignments while expanding the expression.
1116 k. Fixed a bug that caused word splitting to be performed incorrectly when
1117 IFS is set, but null.
1119 l. Fixed a bug in brace expansion that caused a quoted `$' preceding an
1120 open brace to inhibit brace expansion.
1122 m. Fixed a bug that caused a leading `-' in the shell's name to cause it to
1123 not be recognized as a restricted shell.
1125 n. Fixed a bug in the arithmetic evaluation code that could cause longjmps
1126 to an invalid location and result in a core dump.
1128 o. Fixed a bug in the calculation of how many history lines are new in a
1129 single shell session when reading new history lines from a file with
1132 p. Fixed a bug in pathname canonicalization that caused the shell to dump
1133 core when presented with a pathname longer than PATH_MAX.
1135 q. Fixed the parser so that it doesn't try to compare a char variable to
1136 EOF, which fails when chars are unsigned.
1138 r. Fixed a bug in the simple command execution code that caused occasional
1141 s. The shell does a better job of saving any partial parsing state during
1142 operations which cause a command to be executed while a line is being
1145 t. The completion code now splits words more like the expansion code when
1146 $IFS is used to split.
1148 u. The locale code does a better job of recomputing the various locale
1149 variable values when LC_ALL is unset.
1151 v. The programmable completion code does a better job of dequoting expanded
1152 word lists before comparing them against the word to be matched.
1154 w. The shell no longer seg faults if the expanded value of $PS4 is null
1155 and `set -x' is enabled.
1157 x. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when a here string expanded to NULL.
1159 y. The mail checking code now makes sure the mailbox is bigger before
1160 reporting the existence of new mail.
1162 z. The parser does not try to expand $'...' and $"..." when the appear
1163 within double quotes unless the `extquote' option has been enabled with
1164 `shopt'. For backwards compatibility, it is enabled by default.
1166 aa. Fixed a bug that caused `for x; do ...' and `select x; do ... to use
1167 $@ instead of "$@" for the implicit list of arguments.
1169 bb. Fixed a bug that caused a subshell of a restricted shell (e.g., one
1170 spawned to execute a pipeline) to not exit immediately if attempting
1171 to use a command containing a slash.
1173 cc. Fixed a problem with empty replacements for a pattern that doesn't match
1174 when performing ${param/word/} expansion.
1176 dd. Word expansions performed while expanding redirections no longer search
1177 a command's temporary environment to expand variable values.
1179 ee. Improvements to the alias expansion code when expanding subsequent words
1180 because an aliase's value ends with a space.
1182 ff. `cd -' now prints the current working directory after a successful chdir
1183 even when the shell is not interactive, as the standard requires.
1185 gg. The shell does a better job of ensuring a child process dies of SIGINT
1186 before resending SIGINT to itself.
1188 hh. The arithmetic expansion variable assignment code now does the right
1189 thing when assigning to `special' variables like OPTIND.
1191 ii. When history expansion verification is enabled, the bash readline helper
1192 functions that do history expansion on the current line don't print
1195 jj. Fixed bugs with multiple consecutive alias expansion when one of the
1196 expansions ends with a space.
1198 kk. Fixed a problem in the programmable completion code that could cause core
1199 dumps when trying to initialize a set of possible completions from a
1202 ll. The \[ and \] escape characters are now ignored when decoding the prompt
1203 string if the shell is started with editing disabled.
1205 mm. Fixed a bug that could leave extra characters in a string when doing
1206 quoted null character removal.
1208 nn. Command substitution and other subshell operations no longer reset the
1209 line number (aids the bash debugger).
1211 oo. Better line number management when executing simple commands, conditional
1212 commands, for commands, and select commands.
1214 pp. The globbing code now uses malloc, with its better failure properties,
1215 rather than alloca().
1217 qq. Fixed a bug that caused expansions like #{a[2]:=value} to create the
1218 appropriate array element instead of a variable named `a[2]'.
1220 rr. Fixed a bug in the handling of a `?(...)' pattern immediately following
1221 a `*' when extglob is enabled.
1223 ss. Fixed a bug that caused a `return' invoked in an exit trap when exit is
1224 invoked in a function to misbehave.
1226 tt. Fixed a bug that caused CTLESC and CTLNUL characters to not be escaped
1227 by the internal shell string quoting functions.
1229 uu. Fixed a bug that caused quoted null characters in an expanded word list
1230 to be inappropriately assigned to an array variable when using `read -a'.
1232 vv. Fixed a bug that caused redirections accompanying a null command to persist
1233 in the current shell.
1235 ww. Fixed a bug that caused the prompt to be printed when the shell was
1236 expanding a multiline alias.
1238 xx. Fixed a bug that resulted in core dumps when the completion for a command
1239 changed the compspec.
1241 yy. Fixed a bug that caused evaluation of programmable completions to print
1242 notifications of completed jobs.
1244 zz. Bash now disables line editing when $EMACS == `t' and $TERM == `dumb'
1245 (which is what emacs shell windows do).
1247 aaa. In posix mode, `kill -l' causes signal names to be displayed without
1250 bbb. Clear error flag on standard output so it doesn't persist across multiple
1253 ccc. In posix mode, `alias' displays alias values without the leading `alias',
1254 so the output cannot be used as subsequent input.
1256 ddd. In posix mode, the `trap' builtin doesn't check whether or not its
1257 first argument is a signal specification and revert the signal handling
1258 to its original disposition if it is.
1260 eee. Fixed several bugs in the handling of "$*" and "${array[*]}" by the
1261 pattern substitution and removal expansions.
1263 fff. Fixed several problems with the handling of ${array[@]}, ${array[*]},
1264 $@, and $* by the indirect variable expansion code.
1266 ggg. Fixed a bug that did not allow `time' to be aliased.
1268 hhh. Improved the mail checking code so it won't check (and possibly cause an
1269 NFS file system mount) until MAILPATH or MAIL is given a value -- there
1270 is no default if DEFAULT_MAIL_DIRECTORY is not defined at compile time.
1271 (It is computed by configure, but can be #undef'd in config-bot.h.)
1273 iii. If the `chkwinsize' option is enabled, the shell checks for window size
1274 changes if a child process exits due to a signal.
1276 jjj. Removed the attempts to avoid adding a slash at the end of a completed
1277 executable name if there was a directory with the same name in the
1280 kkk. Fixed PATH lookup code so it treats the permission bits separately for
1281 owner, group, and other, rather than checking them all.
1283 lll. Fixed the locale code to reset the parser's idea of the character class
1284 <blank>, which controls how it splits tokens, when the locale changes.
1286 mmm. The shell now binds its special readline functions and key bindings only
1287 if the user's inputrc file has not already bound them.
1289 nnn. The shell now reports on processes that dump core due to signals when
1290 invoked as `-c command'.
1292 2. Changes to Readline
1294 a. Fixes to avoid core dumps because of null pointer references in the
1295 multibyte character code.
1297 b. Fix to avoid infinite recursion caused by certain key combinations.
1299 c. Fixed a bug that caused the vi-mode `last command' to be set incorrectly.
1301 d. Readline no longer tries to read ahead more than one line of input, even
1302 when more is available.
1304 e. Fixed the code that adjusts the point to not mishandle null wide
1307 f. Fixed a bug in the history expansion `g' modifier that caused it to skip
1310 g. Fixed a bug that caused the prompt to overwrite previous output when the
1311 output doesn't contain a newline and the locale supports multibyte
1312 characters. This same change fixes the problem of readline redisplay
1313 slowing down dramatically as the line gets longer in multibyte locales.
1315 h. History traversal with arrow keys in vi insertion mode causes the cursor
1316 to be placed at the end of the new line, like in emacs mode.
1318 i. The locale initialization code does a better job of using the right
1319 precedence and defaulting when checking the appropriate environment
1322 j. Fixed the history word tokenizer to handle <( and >( better when used as
1325 k. The overwrite mode code received several bug fixes to improve undo.
1327 l. Many speedups to the multibyte character redisplay code.
1329 m. The callback character reading interface should not hang waiting to read
1332 n. Fixed a bug with redoing vi-mode `s' command.
1334 o. The code that initializes the terminal tracks changes made to the terminal
1335 special characters with stty(1) (or equivalent), so that these changes
1336 are reflected in the readline bindings. New application-callable function
1337 to make it work: rl_tty_unset_default_bindings().
1339 p. Fixed a bug that could cause garbage to be inserted in the buffer when
1340 changing character case in vi mode when using a multibyte locale.
1342 q. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code that caused problems on systems
1343 supporting multibyte characters when moving between history lines when the
1344 new line has more glyphs but fewer bytes.
1346 r. Undo and redo now work better after exiting vi insertion mode.
1348 s. Make sure system calls are restarted after a SIGWINCH is received using
1351 t. Improvements to the code that displays possible completions when using
1352 multibyte characters.
1354 u. Fixed a problem when parsing nested if statements in inputrc files.
1356 v. The completer now takes multibyte characters into account when looking for
1357 quoted substrings on which to perform completion.
1359 w. The history search functions now perform better bounds checking on the
1362 3. New Features in Bash
1364 a. ANSI string expansion now implements the \x{hexdigits} escape.
1366 b. There is a new loadable `strftime' builtin.
1368 c. New variable, COMP_WORDBREAKS, which controls the readline completer's
1369 idea of word break characters.
1371 d. The `type' builtin no longer reports on aliases unless alias expansion
1372 will actually be performed.
1374 e. HISTCONTROL is now a colon-separated list of values, which permits
1375 more extensibility and backwards compatibility.
1377 f. HISTCONTROL may now include the `erasedups' option, which causes all lines
1378 matching a line being added to be removed from the history list.
1380 g. `configure' has a new `--enable-multibyte' argument that permits multibyte
1381 character support to be disabled even on systems that support it.
1383 h. New variables to support the bash debugger: BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV,
1384 BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO, BASH_SUBSHELL, BASH_EXECUTION_STRING,
1387 i. FUNCNAME has been changed to support the debugger: it's now an array
1390 j. for, case, select, arithmetic commands now keep line number information
1393 k. There is a new `RETURN' trap executed when a function or sourced script
1394 returns (not inherited child processes; inherited by command substitution
1395 if function tracing is enabled and the debugger is active).
1397 l. New invocation option: --debugger. Enables debugging and turns on new
1398 `extdebug' shell option.
1400 m. New `functrace' and `errtrace' options to `set -o' cause DEBUG and ERR
1401 traps, respectively, to be inherited by shell functions. Equivalent to
1402 `set -T' and `set -E' respectively. The `functrace' option also controls
1403 whether or not the DEBUG trap is inherited by sourced scripts.
1405 n. The DEBUG trap is run before binding the variable and running the action
1406 list in a `for' command, binding the selection variable and running the
1407 query in a `select' command, and before attempting a match in a `case'
1410 o. New `--enable-debugger' option to `configure' to compile in the debugger
1413 p. `declare -F' now prints out extra line number and source file information
1414 if the `extdebug' option is set.
1416 q. If `extdebug' is enabled, a non-zero return value from a DEBUG trap causes
1417 the next command to be skipped, and a return value of 2 while in a
1418 function or sourced script forces a `return'.
1420 r. New `caller' builtin to provide a call stack for the bash debugger.
1422 s. The DEBUG trap is run just before the first command in a function body is
1423 executed, for the debugger.
1425 t. `for', `select', and `case' command heads are printed when `set -x' is
1428 u. There is a new {x..y} brace expansion, which is shorthand for {x.x+1,
1429 x+2,...,y}. x and y can be integers or single characters; the sequence
1430 may ascend or descend; the increment is always 1.
1432 v. New ksh93-like ${!array[@]} expansion, expands to all the keys (indices)
1435 w. New `force_fignore' shopt option; if enabled, suffixes specified by
1436 FIGNORE cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even
1437 if they're the only possibilities.
1439 x. New `gnu_errfmt' shopt option; if enabled, error messages follow the `gnu
1440 style' (filename:lineno:message) format.
1442 y. New `-o bashdefault' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes the
1443 whole set of bash completions to be performed if the compspec doesn't
1446 z. New `-o plusdirs' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes directory
1447 name completion to be performed and the results added to the rest of the
1448 possible completions.
1450 aa. `kill' is available as a builtin even when the shell is built without
1453 bb. New HISTTIMEFORMAT variable; value is a format string to pass to
1454 strftime(3). If set and not null, the `history' builtin prints out
1455 timestamp information according to the specified format when displaying
1456 history entries. If set, bash tells the history library to write out
1457 timestamp information when the history file is written.
1459 cc. The [[ ... ]] command has a new binary `=~' operator that performs
1460 extended regular expression (egrep-like) matching.
1462 dd. `configure' has a new `--enable-cond-regexp' option (enabled by default)
1463 to enable the =~ operator and regexp matching in [[ ... ]].
1465 ee. Subexpressions matched by the =~ operator are placed in the new
1466 BASH_REMATCH array variable.
1468 ff. New `failglob' option that causes an expansion error when pathname
1469 expansion fails to produce a match.
1471 gg. New `set -o pipefail' option that causes a pipeline to return a failure
1472 status if any of the processes in the pipeline fail, not just the last
1475 4. New Features in Readline
1477 a. History expansion has a new `a' modifier equivalent to the `g' modifier
1478 for compatibility with the BSD csh.
1480 b. History expansion has a new `G' modifier equivalent to the BSD csh `g'
1481 modifier, which performs a substitution once per word.
1483 c. All non-incremental search operations may now undo the operation of
1484 replacing the current line with the history line.
1486 d. The text inserted by an `a' command in vi mode can be reinserted with
1489 e. New bindable variable, `show-all-if-unmodified'. If set, the readline
1490 completer will list possible completions immediately if there is more
1491 than one completion and partial completion cannot be performed.
1493 f. There is a new application-callable `free_history_entry()' function.
1495 g. History list entries now contain timestamp information; the history file
1496 functions know how to read and write timestamp information associated
1499 h. Four new key binding functions have been added:
1501 rl_bind_key_if_unbound()
1502 rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map()
1503 rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound()
1504 rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map()
1506 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1507 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-release,
1508 and the previous version, bash-2.05b-beta2.
1512 a. Fixed an off-by-one error in the function that translates job
1515 b. Note that we're running under Emacs and disable line editing if
1518 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1519 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-beta2,
1520 and the previous version, bash-2.05b-beta1.
1524 a. Fixed the /= and %= arithmetic operators to catch division by zero.
1526 b. Added putenv, setenv, unsetenv to getenv replacement for completeness.
1528 c. Fixed a bug that could cause the -O expand_aliases invocation option
1531 d. Fixed a problem with process substitution that resulted in incorrect
1532 behavior when the number of process substitutions in an individual
1533 command approached 64.
1535 2. Changes to Readline
1537 a. Fixed a problem with backward-char-search when on a system with support
1538 for multibyte characters when running in a locale without any multibyte
1541 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1542 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-beta1,
1543 and the previous version, bash-2.05b-alpha1.
1547 a. Fixed a problem when parsing a POSIX.2 character class name while
1548 evaluating a bracket expression containing multibyte characters.
1550 b. Changed the help text for `bind' to make it clear that any command
1551 that may be placed in ~/.inputrc is a valid argument to `bind'.
1553 c. Added `help' builtin entries for `((', `[[', and arithmetic for.
1555 d. malloc updated again:
1556 o slightly better overflow and underflow detection by putting the
1557 chunk size at the beginning and end of the chunk and making
1558 sure they match in free/realloc
1559 o partial page allocated to make things page-aligned no longer
1561 o block coalescing now enabled by default
1562 o splitting and coalescing enabled for 32-byte chunks, the most
1563 common size requested
1564 o fixed a problem that resulted in spurious underflow messages and
1566 o bin sizes are precomputed and stored in an array rather than
1567 being computed at run time
1568 o malloc will return memory blocks back to the system if the block
1569 being freed is at the top of the heap and of sufficient size to
1571 o malloc/free/realloc now inline memset instead of calling the
1572 libc function; uses Duff's device for good performance
1574 e. Check for getservent(); make the service name completion code dependent
1577 f. Changed the readline callback that executes a command bound to a key
1578 sequence to not save the executed command on the history list and to
1579 save and restore the parsing state.
1581 g. Changes to lib/sh/snprintf.c: fixed some bugs in the `g' and `G'
1582 floating point format display; implemented the "'" flag character
1583 that turns on thousands' grouping; fixed behavior on systems where
1584 MB_CUR_MAX does not evaluate to a constant.
1586 h. The `unset' builtin no longer returns a failure status when asked to
1587 unset a previously-unset variable or function.
1589 i. Changes to the build system to make it easier to cross-compile bash
1590 for different systems.
1592 j. Added `,' to the characters that are backslash-escaped during filename
1593 completion, to avoid problems with complete-into-braces and RCS filenames
1596 k. Some changes to the multibyte character support code to avoid many calls
1599 l. Bash now correctly honors setting LANG to some value when LC_ALL does not
1600 already have a value.
1602 m. Fixed a bug that could cause SIGSEGV when processing nested traps with
1605 n. The `source/.' builtin now restores the positional parameters when it
1606 returns unless they were changed using the `set' builtin during the file's
1609 o. Fixed a bug that caused a syntax error when a command was terminated by
1612 2. New Features in Bash
1614 a. There is now support for placing the long help text into separate files
1615 installed into ${datadir}/bash. Not enabled by default; can be turned
1616 on with `--enable-separate-helpfiles' option to configure.
1618 b. All builtins that take operands accept a `--' pseudo-option, except
1621 c. The `echo' builtin now accepts \0xxx (zero to three octal digits following
1622 the `0') in addition to \xxx (one to three octal digits) for SUSv3/XPG6/
1623 POSIX.1-2001 compliance.
1625 3. Changes to Readline
1627 a. Fixed a small problem in _rl_insert_char with multibyte characters.
1629 b. Fixes from IBM for line wrapping problems when using multibyte characters.
1631 c. Fixed a problem which caused the display to be messed up when the last
1632 line of a multi-line prompt (possibly containing invisible characters)
1633 was longer than the screen width.
1635 d. Fixed a problem with the vi-mode `r' command that ocurred on systems with
1636 support for multibyte characters when running in a locale without any
1637 multibyte characters.
1639 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1640 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-alpha1,
1641 and the previous version, bash-2.05a-release.
1645 a. Some changes to work around inlining differences between compilers.
1647 b. Added more prototypes for internal shell typedefs, to catch argument
1648 passing errors when using pointers to functions.
1650 c. The `cd' builtin now fails in posix mode when a valid directory cannot be
1651 constructed from a relative pathname argument and the $PWD using pathname
1652 canonicalization, and the -P option has not been supplied. Previously,
1653 the shell would attempt to use what the user typed, leading to weird
1654 values for $PWD and discrepancies between the value of $PWD and the
1655 actual working directory.
1657 d. The `cd' builtin now resets $PWD when canonicalization fails but a chdir
1658 to the pathname passed as an argument succeeds (when not in posix mode).
1660 e. The `fc' builtin has been fixed, as POSIX requires, to use the closest
1661 history position in range when given an out-of-range argument.
1663 f. The history file loading code was changed to allow lines to be saved in
1664 the history list from the shell startup files.
1666 g. `history -s args' now works better in compound commands.
1668 h. The tilde expansion code was fixed to better recognize when it's being
1669 invoked in an assignment context, which enables expansion after `='
1672 i. Fixed the command name completion code so a slash is no longer appended
1673 to a single match if there happens to be a directory with that name in
1676 j. Fixed compound array assignment to no longer perform alias expansion, to
1677 allow reserved words as array members, and to not produce extra output
1678 when the `-v' option had been enabled.
1680 k. Fixed the programmable completion code to better handle newlines in lists
1681 of possible completions (e.g., `complete -W').
1683 l. Removed the reserved words from the `bash-builtins' manual page.
1685 m. Parser error reporting now attempts to do a better job of identifying the
1686 token in error rather than doing straight textual analysis.
1688 n. Fixes for Inf/NaN, locales, wide/multibyte characters and zero-length
1689 arguments in the library snprintf(3) replacement.
1691 o. `read -e' no longer does command name completion on the first word on
1692 the line being read.
1694 p. `select' now returns failure if the read of the user's selection fails.
1696 q. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when setting $PIPESTATUS.
1698 r. Fixes to not allocate so many job slots when the shell is running a loop
1699 with job control enabled in a subshell of an interactive shell.
1701 s. Fixed a bug in the trap code that caused traps to be inherited by
1702 command substitutions in some cases.
1704 t. Fixed a bug that could cause alias expansion to inappropriately expand
1705 the word following the alias.
1707 u. Fixed a bug in the `kill' builtin that mishandled negative pid arguments.
1709 v. The parser is less lenient when parsing assignment statements where the
1710 characters before the `=' don't comprise a valid identifier.
1712 w. The arithmetic expression evaluation code now honors the setting of the
1713 `-u' option when expanding variable names.
1715 x. Fixed the arithmetic evaluation code to allow array subscripts to be
1716 assigned (`let b[7]=42') and auto-incremented and auto-decremented
1719 y. Reimplemented the existing prompt string date and time expansions using
1720 strftime(3), which changed the output of \@ in some locales.
1722 z. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when a special shell variable
1723 (like RANDOM) was converted to an array with a variable assignment.
1725 aa. Fixed a bug that would reset the handler for a signal the user had
1726 trapped to a function that would exit the shell when setting the exit
1727 trap in a non-interactive shell.
1729 bb. Changed the execve(2) wrapper code to check whether or not a failing
1730 command is a directory before looking at whether a `#!' interpreter
1731 failed for some reason.
1733 cc. Fixed a bug in the command printing code so it no longer inserts a `;'
1734 after a newline, which produces a syntax error when reused as input.
1736 dd. The code that expands $PS4 no longer inherits the `-x' flag.
1738 ee. The bash-specific completion functions may now take advantage of the
1739 double-TAB and M-? features of the standard readline completion
1742 ff. The mail checking code no longer prints a message if the checked file's
1743 size has not increased, even if the access time is less than the modification time.
1745 gg. Rewrote the variable symbol table code: there is now a stack of
1746 contexts, each possibly including a separate symbol table; there can
1747 be more than one temporary environment supplied to nested invocations
1748 of `./source'; the temporary environments no longer require so much
1749 special-case code; shell functions now handle the temporary environment
1750 and local variables more consistently; function scope exit is faster now
1751 that the entire symbol table does not have to be traversed to dispose of
1752 local variables; it is now easier to push vars from the temporary
1753 environment to the shell's variable table in posix mode; some duplicated
1754 code has been removed.
1756 hh. Regularized the error message printing code; builtin_error is now called
1757 more consistently, and common error message strings are handled by small
1758 functions. This should make eventual message translation easier.
1760 ii. Error messages now include the line number in a script when the shell
1763 jj. Array subscript expansion now takes place even when the array variable is
1764 unset, so side effects will take place.
1766 kk. Fixed a bug in the SICGHLD child-reaping code so that it won't find
1767 jobs already marked as terminated if the OS reuses pids quickly enough.
1769 ll. Fixed a bug that could cause a signal to not interrupt the `wait'
1770 builtin while it was waiting for a background process to terminate.
1772 mm. A couple of changes to make it easier for multiple shells to share history
1773 files using `history -n', `history -r', and `history -w'.
1775 nn. The `getopts' builtin always increments OPTIND to point to the next
1776 option to be handled when an option is returned, whether it's valid
1777 or not, as POSIX 1003.x-2001 requires.
1779 oo. Changed some parts of the expansion code to avoid allocating and
1780 immediately freeing memory without using the results for anything.
1782 pp. The shell now keeps track of $IFS internally, updating its internal map
1783 each time the variable is assigned a new value (or at local scope exit).
1784 This saves thousands of hash lookups for IFS, which, while individually
1787 qq. Rewrote the hash table code: searching and insertion are much faster now,
1788 and it uses a better string hashing function; augmented the function
1789 interface to simplify other parts of the code and remove duplicated code
1791 rr. The shell now uses a simple, generic `object cache' for allocating and
1792 caching words and word lists, which were the major users of
1795 ss. Fixed the assignment statement parsing code to allow whitespace and
1796 newlines in subscripts when performing array element assignment.
1798 tt. The shell now issues many fewer calls to sigprocmask and other signal
1799 masking system calls.
1801 uu. Fixed the `test' and conditional command file comparison operators to
1802 work right when one file has a non-positive timestamp and the other
1805 vv. Fixed some cases where the special characters '\001' and '\177' in the
1806 values of variables or positional parameters caused incorrect expansion
1809 2. Changes to Readline
1811 a. Fixed output of comment-begin character when listing variable values.
1813 b. Added some default key bindings for common escape sequences produced by
1816 c. Fixed the mark handling code to be more emacs-compatible.
1818 d. A bug was fixed in the code that prints possible completions to keep it
1819 from printing empty strings in certain circumstances.
1821 e. Change the key sequence printing code to print ESC as M\- if ESC is a
1822 meta-prefix character -- it's easier for users to understand than \e.
1824 f. Fixed unstifle_history() to return values that match the documentation.
1826 g. Fixed the event loop (rl_event_hook) to handle the case where the input
1827 file descriptor is invalidated.
1829 h. Fixed the prompt display code to work better when the application has a
1830 custom redisplay function.
1832 i. Changes to make reading and writing the history file a little faster, and
1833 to cope with huge history files without calling abort(3) from xmalloc.
1835 j. The vi-mode `S' and `s' commands are now undone correctly.
1837 3. New Features in Bash
1839 a. If set, TMOUT is the default timeout for the `read' builtin.
1841 b. `type' has two new options: `-f' suppresses shell function lookup, and
1842 `-P' forces a $PATH search.
1844 c. New code to handle multibyte characters.
1846 d. `select' was changed to be more ksh-compatible, in that the menu is
1847 reprinted each time through the loop only if REPLY is set to NULL.
1848 The previous behavior is available as a compile-time option.
1850 e. `complete -d' and `complete -o dirnames' now force a slash to be
1851 appended to names which are symlinks to directories.
1853 f. There is now a bindable edit-and-execute-command readline command,
1854 like the vi-mode `v' command, bound to C-xC-e in emacs mode.
1856 g. Added support for ksh93-like [:word:] character class in pattern matching.
1858 h. The $'...' quoting construct now expands \cX to Control-X.
1860 i. A new \D{...} prompt expansion; passes the `...' to strftime and inserts
1861 the result into the expanded prompt.
1863 j. The shell now performs arithmetic in the largest integer size the
1864 machine supports (intmax_t), instead of long.
1866 k. If a numeric argument is supplied to one of the bash globbing completion
1867 functions, a `*' is appended to the word before expansion is attempted.
1869 l. The bash globbing completion functions now allow completions to be listed
1870 with double tabs or if `show-all-if-ambiguous' is set.
1872 m. New `-o nospace' option for `complete' and `compgen' builtins; suppresses
1873 readline's appending a space to the completed word.
1875 n. New `here-string' redirection operator: <<< word.
1877 o. When displaying variables, function attributes and definitions are shown
1878 separately, allowing them to be re-used as input (attempting to re-use
1879 the old output would result in syntax errors).
1881 p. There is a new configuration option `--enable-mem-scramble', controls
1882 bash malloc behavior of writing garbage characters into memory at
1883 allocation and free time.
1885 q. The `complete' and `compgen' builtins now have a new `-s/-A service'
1886 option to complete on names from /etc/services.
1888 r. `read' has a new `-u fd' option to read from a specified file descriptor.
1890 s. Fix the completion code so that expansion errors in a directory name
1891 don't cause a longjmp back to the command loop.
1893 t. Fixed word completion inside command substitution to work a little more
1896 u. The `printf' %q format specifier now uses $'...' quoting to print the
1897 argument if it contains non-printing characters.
1899 v. The `declare' and `typeset' builtins have a new `-t' option. When applied
1900 to functions, it causes the DEBUG trap to be inherited by the named
1901 function. Currently has no effect on variables.
1903 w. The DEBUG trap is now run *before* simple commands, ((...)) commands,
1904 [[...]] conditional commands, and for ((...)) loops.
1906 x. The expansion of $LINENO inside a shell function is only relative to the
1907 function start if the shell is interactive -- if the shell is running a
1908 script, $LINENO expands to the line number in the script. This is as
1909 POSIX-2001 requires.
1911 y. The bash debugger in examples/bashdb has been modified to work with the
1912 new DEBUG trap semantics, the command set has been made more gdb-like,
1913 and the changes to $LINENO make debugging functions work better. Code
1916 z. New [n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections from ksh93 -- move fds (dup
1919 aa. There is a new `-l' invocation option, equivalent to `--login'.
1921 bb. The `hash' builtin has a new `-l' option to list contents in a reusable
1922 format, and a `-d' option to remove a name from the hash table.
1924 4. New Features in Readline
1926 a. Support for key `subsequences': allows, e.g., ESC and ESC-a to both
1927 be bound to readline functions. Now the arrow keys may be used in vi
1930 b. When listing completions, and the number of lines displayed is more than
1931 the screen length, readline uses an internal pager to display the results.
1932 This is controlled by the `page-completions' variable (default on).
1934 c. New code to handle editing and displaying multibyte characters.
1936 d. The behavior introduced in bash-2.05a of deciding whether or not to
1937 append a slash to a completed name that is a symlink to a directory has
1938 been made optional, controlled by the `mark-symlinked-directories'
1939 variable (default is the 2.05a behavior).
1941 e. The `insert-comment' command now acts as a toggle if given a numeric
1942 argument: if the first characters on the line don't specify a
1943 comment, insert one; if they do, delete the comment text
1945 f. New application-settable completion variable:
1946 rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs, allows an application's completion
1947 function to temporarily override the user's preference for appending
1948 slashes to names which are symlinks to directories.
1950 g. New function available to application completion functions:
1951 rl_completion_mode, to tell how the completion function was invoked
1952 and decide which argument to supply to rl_complete_internal (to list
1955 h. Readline now has an overwrite mode, toggled by the `overwrite-mode'
1956 bindable command, which could be bound to `Insert'.
1958 i. New application-settable completion variable:
1959 rl_completion_suppress_append, inhibits appending of
1960 rl_completion_append_character to completed words.
1962 j. New key bindings when reading an incremental search string: ^W yanks
1963 the currently-matched word out of the current line into the search
1964 string; ^Y yanks the rest of the current line into the search string,
1965 DEL or ^H deletes characters from the search string.
1967 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1968 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-release,
1969 and the previous version, bash-2.05a-rc1.
1973 a. Fixed the `printf' builtin so that the variable name supplied as an
1974 argument to a %n conversion must be a valid shell identifier.
1976 b. Improved the random number generator slightly.
1978 c. Changes to configuration to not put -I/usr/include into $CFLAGS, since
1979 it messes up some includes.
1981 d. Corrected description of POSIXLY_CORRECT in man page and info manual.
1983 e. Fixed a couple of cases of incorrect function prototypes that sneaked
1984 through and caused compilation problems.
1986 f. A few changes to avoid potential core dumps in the programmable completion
1989 g. Fixed a configure problem that could cause a non-existent file to show
1992 h. Fixed a configure problem that could cause siglist.o to not be built when
1995 i. Changes to the strtoimax and strtoumax replacement functions to work
1996 around buggy compilers.
1998 j. Fixed a problem with the snprintf replacement function that could
1999 potentially cause a core dump.
2001 2. Changes to Readline
2003 a. Fixed a locale-specific problem in the vi-mode `goto mark' command.
2005 b. Fixed Makefile to not put -I/usr/include into CFLAGS, since it can cause
2006 include file problems.
2008 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2009 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-rc1,
2010 and the previous version, bash-2.05a-beta1.
2014 a. Fixed the snprintf replacement to correctly implement the `alternate form'
2015 of the %g and %G conversions.
2017 b. Fixed snprintf to correctly handle the optional precision with the %g and
2020 c. Fixed the arithmetic evaluation code to correct the values of `@' and `_'
2021 when translating base-64 constants (they were backwards).
2023 d. New library functions for formatting long and long long ints.
2025 e. Fixed a few places where negative array subscripts could have occurred,
2026 mostly as the result of systems using signed characters.
2028 f. Fixed a few places that assumed a pid_t was no wider than an int.
2030 g. Fixed the `maildir' mail checking code to work on systems where a
2031 `struct stat' doesn't include an `st_blocks' member.
2033 h. Fixed snprintf to make `unsigned long long' conversion formats (%llu)
2036 i. Fixed snprintf to not print a sign when asked to do an unsigned conversion.
2038 j. Made configure changes to avoid compiling empty source files in lib/sh.
2040 k. New replacement functions (if necessary) for strtoull, strtoll, strtoimax,
2043 l. The `printf' builtin now handles the `ll' and `j' length modifiers
2044 directly, since they can affect the type and width of the argument
2045 passed to printf(3).
2047 m. Renamed a number of the bash-specific autoconf macros in aclocal.m4 to
2048 have more sytematic naming, with accompanying changes to configure.in.
2050 n. Fixed snprintf to handle long doubles and the %a/%A conversions by
2051 falling back to sprintf, as long as sprintf supports them.
2053 o. Fixed return value from vsnprintf/snprintf to be the number of characters
2054 that would have been printed, even if that number exceeds the buffer
2055 size passed as an argument.
2057 p. Bash no longer attempts to define its own versions of some ctype macros
2058 if they are implemented as functions in libc but not as macros in
2061 q. Changed the variable printing code (used by `set', `export', etc.) to
2062 not use the $'...' syntax when in posix mode, since that caused
2063 interoperability problems with other shells (most notably with autoconf).
2064 When not in posix mode, it uses $'...' if the string to be printed
2065 contains non-printing characters and regular single quotes otherwise.
2067 r. snprintf now recognizes the %F conversion.
2069 s. Fixed a bug that could cause the wrong status to be returned by a shell
2070 function when the shell is compiled without job control and a null
2071 command containing a command substutition was executed in the function.
2073 t. When in posix mode, the default value for MAILCHECK is 600.
2075 u. Bash only initializes FUNCNAME, GROUPS, and DIRSTACK as special variables
2076 if they're not in the initial environment.
2078 v. If SECONDS appears in the initial environment with a valid integer value,
2079 bash uses that as the starting value, as if an assignment had been
2082 w. Bash no longer auto-exports HOME, PATH, SHELL, or TERM, even though it
2083 gives them default values if they don't appear in the initial environment.
2085 x. Bash no longer auto-exports HOSTNAME, HOSTTYPE, MACHTYPE, or OSTYPE,
2086 even if it assigns them default values.
2088 y. Bash no longer removes the export attribute from SSH_CLIENT or SSH2_CLIENT
2089 if they appear in the initial environment.
2091 z. Bash no longer attempts to discover if it's being run by sshd in order to
2092 run the startup files. If the SSH_SOURCE_BASHRC is uncommented in
2093 config-top.h it will attempt to do so as previously, but that's commented
2094 out in the distributed version.
2096 aa. Fixed a typo in the code that tests for LC_NUMERIC.
2098 bb. The POSIXLY_CORRECT shell variable and its effects are now documented.
2100 cc. Some changes to several of the support shell scripts included in the
2101 definitions to try to avoid race conditions and attacks.
2103 dd. Several changes to avoid warnings from `gcc -Wall'.
2105 ee. Fixed a problem with the `unset' builtin that could cause incorrect
2106 results if asked to unset a variable and an array subscript in the
2109 ff. A few changes to the shell's temporary file creation code to avoid
2110 potential file descriptor leaks and to prefer the system's idea of
2111 the temporary directory to use.
2113 gg. Fixes to build with the C alloca in lib/malloc/alloca.c if the system
2114 requires it but the shell has been configured --without-bash-malloc.
2116 hh. Updated the documentation to note that only interactive shells resend
2117 SIGHUP to all jobs before exiting.
2119 ii. Fixes to only pass unquoted tilde words to tilde_expand, rather than
2120 rely on tilde_expand or getpwnam(3) to handle the quotes (MacOS 10.x
2121 will remove backslashes in any login name passed to getpwnam(3)).
2123 jj. Small change from Paul Eggert to make LINENO right in commands run with
2126 2. New Features in Bash
2128 a. The `printf' builtin now handles the %a and %A conversions if they're
2129 implemented by printf(3).
2131 b. The `printf' builtin now handles the %F conversion (just about like %f).
2133 c. The `printf' builtin now handles the %n conversion like printf(3). The
2134 corresponding argument is the name of a shell variable to which the
2137 3. Changes to Readline
2139 a. Fixed a few places where negative array subscripts could have occurred.
2141 b. Fixed the vi-mode code to use a better method to determine the bounds of
2142 the array used to hold the marks.
2144 c. Fixed the defines in chardefs.h to work better when chars are signed.
2146 d. Fixed configure.in to use the new names for bash autoconf macros.
2148 e. Readline no longer attempts to define its own versions of some ctype
2149 macros if they are implemented as functions in libc but not as macros in
2152 f. Fixed a problem where rl_backward could possibly set point to before
2153 the beginning of the line.
2155 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2156 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-beta1,
2157 and the previous version, bash-2.05a-alpha1.
2161 a. Fixed a bug in the evalution of arithmetic `for' statements when the
2162 expanded expression is NULL.
2164 b. Fixed an unassigned variable problem in the redirection printing code.
2166 c. Added more prototypes to extern function declarations in the header
2167 files and to static function declarations in C source files.
2169 d. Make sure called functions have a prototype in scope, to get the arguments
2170 and return values right instead of casting. Removed extern function
2171 declarations from C source files that were already included in header
2174 e. Changed some function arguments to use function typedefs in general.h so
2175 the prototypes can be checked. The only use of Function and VFunction
2176 now is for unwind-protects.
2178 f. More const changes to function arguments and appropriate variables.
2180 g. Changed the mail checking support to handle `maildir'-style mail
2183 h. Augmented the bash malloc to pass in the file and line number information
2184 for each malloc, realloc, and free. This should result in better error
2187 i. The `old' gnu malloc is no longer a configuration option.
2189 j. Augmented the bash malloc with optional tracing and registering allocated
2192 k. Prompt string decoding now saves and restores the value of $? when it
2193 expands the prompt string, so command substitutions don't change $?.
2195 i. Array indices are now `long', since shell arithmetic is performed as long,
2196 and the internal arrayind_t type is used consistently.
2198 j. Some more `unsigned char *' fixes from Paul Eggert.
2200 k. Fixed a bad call to builtin_error that could cause core dumps when making
2203 l. `return' may no longer be used to terminate a `select' command, for
2204 compatibility with ksh.
2206 m. Changed code that reads octal numbers to do a better job of detecting
2209 n. The time formatting code no longer uses absolute indices into a buffer,
2210 because the buffer size changes depending on the size of a `time_t'.
2212 o. `umask' now prints four digits when printing in octal mode, for
2213 compatibility with other shells.
2215 p. Lots of changes to the `printf' builtin from Paul Eggert: it handles `L'
2216 formats and long doubles better, and internal functions have been
2217 simpified where appropriate.
2219 q. Some `time_t' fixes for machines were a time_t is bigger than a long.
2221 r. Replaced some bash-specific autoconf macros with standard equivalents.
2223 s. Improvmed the code that constructs temporary filenames to make the
2224 generated names a bit more random.
2226 t. Added code that checks for ascii before calling any of the is* ctype
2229 u. Changed some places where a `char' was used as an array subscript to use
2230 `unsigned char', since a `char' can be negative if it's signed by default.
2232 v. Lots of changes to the `ulimit' builtin from Paul Eggert to add support
2233 for the new POSIX-200x RLIM_SAVED_CUR and RLIM_SAVED_MAX values and
2236 w. `ulimit' now prints the description of a resource in any error message
2237 relating to fetching or setting that resource's limits.
2239 x. The `snprintf' replacement now computes maximum values at compile
2240 time rather than using huge constants for things like long long.
2242 y. Interactive shells now ignore `set -n'.
2244 z. Changed the malloc bookkeeping information so that it's now 8 bytes
2245 instead of 12 on most 32-bit machines (saving 4 bytes per allocation),
2246 restoring 8-byte alignment.
2248 aa. The malloc error reporting code now attempts to print the file and line
2249 number of the call that caused the error.
2251 bb. Changed the redirection error reporting code to catch EBADF errors and
2252 report the file descriptor number rather than the file being redirected
2253 to or from (e.g., things like `exec 4242<x' where 4242 is an out-of-range
2256 cc. `printf', `echo -e', and the $'...' code now process only two hex digits
2257 after a `\x' escape sequence for compatibility with other shells, and
2258 the documentation was changed to note that the octal and hex escape
2259 sequences result in an eight-bit value rather than strict ASCII.
2261 2. Changes to Readline
2263 a. The completion code now attempts to do a better job of preserving the
2264 case of the word the user typed if ignoring case in completions.
2266 b. Readline defaults to not echoing the input and lets the terminal
2267 initialization code enable echoing if there is a controlling terminal.
2269 c. The key binding code now processes only two hex digits after a `\x'
2270 escape sequence, and the documentation was changed to note that the
2271 octal and hex escape sequences result in an eight-bit value rather
2274 3. New Features in Bash
2276 a. The builtin `ulimit' now takes two new non-numeric arguments: `hard',
2277 meaning the current hard limit, and `soft', meaning the current soft
2278 limit, in addition to `unlimited'
2280 b. `ulimit' now prints the option letter associated with a particular
2281 resource when printing more than one limit.
2283 c. `ulimit' prints `hard' or `soft' when a value is not `unlimited' but is
2284 one of RLIM_SAVED_MAX or RLIM_SAVED_CUR, respectively.
2286 4. New Features in Readline
2288 a. New bindable variable `history-preserve-point'. If set, the history
2289 code attempts to place the user at the same location on each history
2290 line retrived with previous-history or next-history.
2292 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2293 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-alpha1,
2294 and the previous version, bash-2.05-release.
2298 a. Better checks in the redirection code for write errors.
2300 b. bashbug now uses $TMPDIR, defaulting to /tmp, and uses mktemp(1) more
2303 c. System-specific configuration changes for: Interix, OpenBSD, FreeBSD,
2306 d. Some more `const' cleanups through the code.
2308 e. Fixed a typo in the /dev/fd redirection code, better checks for valid
2309 numeric fds in /dev/fd.
2311 f. Fixed many parts of the shell to handle integer overflow more gracefully
2312 and to do more stringent checks for valid numbers.
2314 g. Fixed mksignames to include config.h.
2316 h. Fixed an uninitialized variable problem that could cause the shell to core
2317 dump when replacing characters in a string.
2319 i. New mechanism for updating the patch level when official patches are
2320 released (patchlevel.h).
2322 j. configure.in changed to no longer require external files _distribution and
2325 k. Fixed non-interactive shell initialization problem when bash started as
2328 l. Fixed printf builtin conversion error handling to be POSIX.2-conformant.
2330 m. autoconf-2.52 is now used to build configure; autoconf-2.50 or newer is
2331 required. Some of the bash-specific macros were removed, since they are
2334 n. Startup files and files read with source or `.' are no longer required to
2337 o. Fixed core dump in builtin printf when user-supplied precision or field
2340 p. Fixed builtin printf to treat a negative field width as a positive field
2341 width with left-justification.
2343 r. New unwind-protect implementation from Paul Eggert.
2345 s. Fixed an inadvertently-unclosed comment in the bash completion code that
2346 caused programmable completions to not add trailing slashes or spaces to
2349 t. Fixed the process substitution code to cope better when stdin is closed.
2351 v. Fixes, mostly from Paul Eggert, for a few possible buffer overflows in
2354 w. Fixes from Paul Eggert to avoid most of the type casts in the shell code,
2355 and use more appropriate types for a number of variables.
2357 x. Command substition no longer inherits the DEBUG trap.
2359 y. Some fixes to the process substition code on machines without /dev/fd so
2360 that named pipes are not removed inappropriately.
2362 z. The loadable `getconf' builtin is now much more complete, and will become
2363 part of the shell in the future.
2365 aa. The select command no longer terminates on a `return', so it can be used
2366 to return from an enclosing function (as ksh does it).
2368 bb. Fixed the extended pattern matching code to behave better when presented
2369 with incorrectly-formed patterns.
2371 cc. Some changes were made with the intent of making cross-compilation easier.
2373 dd. The network code (/dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections) uses getaddrinfo(3)
2374 if it's available, which adds support for IPv6.
2376 ee. Subshells of login shells no longer source ~/.bash_logout when they exit.
2378 ff. Fixes so that subshells don't exit inappropriately if the -e option has
2381 gg. Restricted shells no longer allow functions to be exported.
2383 hh. Changes to the pattern matching code so extended pattern matching works
2384 on systems with deficient shared library implementations, like MacOS X.
2386 ii. Better error messages when a script with a leading `#!interp' fails
2387 to execute because of problems with `interp'.
2389 jj. Fixed `compgen' to handle the `-o default' option better.
2391 kk. Fixed the job control code to force an asynchronous process's standard
2392 input to /dev/null only if job control is not active.
2394 ll. Fixed a possible infinite recursion problem when `fc ""=abc' (a null
2395 pattern) is used to re-execute a previous command.
2397 mm. Fixed `declare [-a] var=value' to assign VALUE to element 0 if VAR is an
2398 array variable. Similarly for `declare [-a] var[N]=value'. This is like
2401 nn. Fixed a bug that caused `read -a aname' to work even if ANAME had been
2404 oo. Fixed a possible integer overflow problem when constructing names for
2407 2. New Features in Bash
2409 a. Added support for DESTDIR installation root prefix, so you can do a
2410 `make install DESTDIR=bash-root' and do easier binary packaging.
2412 b. Added support for builtin printf "'" flag character as per latest POSIX
2415 c. Support for POSIX.2 printf(1) length specifiers `j', `t', and `z' (from
2418 d. New autoconf macro, RL_LIB_READLINE_VERSION, for use by other applications
2419 (bash doesn't use very much of what it returns).
2421 e. `set [-+]o nolog' is recognized as required by the latest POSIX drafts,
2424 f. New read-only `shopt' option: login_shell. Set to non-zero value if the
2425 shell is a login shell.
2427 g. New `\A' prompt string escape sequence; expands to time in 24 HH:MM format.
2429 h. New `-A group/-g' option to complete and compgen; does group name
2432 i. New `-t' option to `hash' to list hash values for each filename argument.
2434 j. New [-+]O invocation option to set and unset `shopt' options at startup.
2436 k. configure's `--with-installed-readline' option now takes an optional
2437 `=PATH' suffix to set the root of the tree where readline is installed
2440 l. The ksh-like `ERR' trap has been added. The `ERR' trap will be run
2441 whenever the shell would have exited if the -e option were enabled.
2442 It is not inherited by shell functions.
2444 m. `readonly', `export', and `declare' now print variables which have been
2445 given attributes but not set by assigning a value as just a command and
2446 a variable name (like `export foo') when listing, as the latest POSIX
2449 n. `bashbug' now requires that the subject be changed from the default.
2451 o. configure has a new `--enable-largefile' option, like other GNU utilities.
2453 p. `for' loops now allow empty word lists after `in', like the latest POSIX
2456 3. Changes to Readline
2458 a. More `const' and type casting fixes.
2460 b. Changed rl_message() to use vsnprintf(3) (if available) to fix buffer
2463 c. The completion code no longer appends a `/' or ` ' to a match when
2464 completing a symbolic link that resolves to a directory name, unless
2465 the match does not add anything to the word being completed. This
2466 means that a tab will complete the word up to the full name, but not
2467 add anything, and a subsequent tab will add a slash.
2469 d. Fixed a trivial typo that made the vi-mode `dT' command not work.
2471 e. Fixed the tty code so that ^S and ^Q can be inserted with rl_quoted_insert.
2473 f. Fixed the tty code so that ^V works more than once.
2475 g. Changed the use of __P((...)) for function prototypes to PARAMS((...))
2476 because the use of __P in typedefs conflicted g++ and glibc.
2478 4. New Features in Readline
2480 a. Added extern declaration for rl_get_termcap to readline.h, making it a
2481 public function (it was always there, just not in readline.h).
2483 b. New #defines in readline.h: RL_READLINE_VERSION, currently 0x0402,
2484 RL_VERSION_MAJOR, currently 4, and RL_VERSION_MINOR, currently 2.
2486 c. New readline variable: rl_readline_version, mirrors RL_READLINE_VERSION.
2488 d. New bindable boolean readline variable: match-hidden-files. Controls
2489 completion of files beginning with a `.' (on Unix). Enabled by default.
2491 e. The history expansion code now allows any character to terminate a
2492 `:first-' modifier, like csh.
2494 f. The incremental search code remembers the last search string and uses
2495 it if ^R^R is typed without a search string.
2497 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2498 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-release,
2499 and the previous version, bash-2.05-beta2.
2503 a. Make sure we note that the first line of a multi-line command was not
2504 saved in the history if the tests for HISTCONTROL succeed, but the
2505 HISTIGNORE check fails.
2507 b. Fixed a bug in the pattern matching code that caused `[' to be treated
2508 as a special character inside a `[...]' bracket expression.
2510 c. Fixed a bug in the pattern matching code that caused `]' to terminate
2511 a bracket expression even if it was the first character after the `['
2512 (or a leading `!' or `^').
2514 d. Made a small change to report a more user-friendly error message if
2515 execve(2) fails because of an error with the interpreter in a script
2516 with a leading `#! interpreter'.
2518 e. If the OS does not support an exec(2) magic number of `#!', make sure we
2519 have a non-null interpreter name before attempting to execute it.
2521 f. Fixed a bug that caused the shell process to end up in a different
2522 process group than the controlling terminal if a job-control shell was
2523 run with `exec' in the startup files.
2525 g. When started in POSIX mode, either by `bash --posix', `bash -o posix', or
2526 `sh', $SHELLOPTS includes `posix' and POSIXLY_CORRECT is set.
2528 h. Fixed a problem that caused the `\W' prompt string escape sequence to
2529 expand to nothing when $PWD was `//'.
2531 i. The `bashbug' shell script no longer uses $(...) command substitution.
2533 j. When `set' is invoked without options in POSIX mode, it no longer prints
2534 the names and definitions of shell functions.
2536 2. Changes to Readline
2538 a. rl_set_paren_blink_timeout() is now documented.
2540 b. Corrected history.3 man page: `$' is not in the default value of
2541 history_word_delimiters.
2543 c. If a hook function assigned to rl_event_hook sets rl_done to a non-zero
2544 value, rl_read_key() now immediately returns '\n' (which is assumed to
2545 be bound to accept-line).
2547 3. New Features in Bash
2549 a. The `>&word' redirection now works in POSIX mode as it does by default,
2550 since POSIX.2 leaves it unspecified.
2552 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2553 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-beta2,
2554 and the previous version, bash-2.05-beta1.
2558 a. Fixed a bug in the arithmetic evaluation code so that a^=b is supported.
2560 b. Fixed startup so posixly_correct is retained across subshells begun to
2561 execute scripts without a leading `#!'.
2563 c. Fixed a bug that caused $(< file) to not work in a (...) subshell.
2565 d. Added config support for Linux running on the IBM S390.
2567 e. Fixed a bug that caused bash to get its input pointer out of sync when
2568 reading commands through a pipe and running a command with standard
2569 input redirected from a file.
2571 f. Made a change so that command completion now makes about half as many
2572 stat(2) calls when searching the $PATH.
2574 g. Fixed a bug that caused variable assignments preceding `return' to not
2575 be propagated to the shell environment in POSIX mode.
2577 h. Fixed a bug with ${parameter[:]?word} -- tilde expansion was not performed
2580 i. In POSIX mode, `break' and `continue' do not complain and return success
2581 if called when the shell is not executing a loop.
2583 j. Fixed `bash -o posix' to work the same as `bash --posix'.
2585 k. Fixed a bug where variable assignments preceding `eval' or `source/.'
2586 would not show up in the environment exported to subshells run by the
2589 l. In POSIX mode, shells started to execute command substitutions inherit
2590 the value of the `-e' option from their parent shell.
2592 m. In POSIX mode, aliases are expanded even in non-interactive shells.
2594 n. Changed some of the job control messages to display the text required by
2595 POSIX.2 when the shell is in POSIX mode.
2597 o. Fixed a bug in `test' that caused it to occasionally return incorrect
2598 results when non-numeric arguments were supplied to `-t'.
2600 2. Changes to Readline
2602 a. Some changes were made to avoid gcc warnings with -Wall.
2604 b. rl_get_keymap_by_name now finds keymaps case-insensitively, so
2605 `set keymap EMACS' works.
2607 c. The history file writing and truncation functions now return a useful
2610 d. Fixed a bug that could cause applications to dereference a NULL pointer
2611 if a NULL second argument was passed to history_expand().
2613 3. New Features in Bash
2615 a. doc/readline.3 has been moved to the readline distribution.
2617 4. New Features in Readline
2619 a. New function, rl_get_screen_size (int *rows, int *columns), returns
2620 readline's idea of the screen dimensions.
2622 b. The timeout in rl_gather_tyi (readline keyboard input polling function)
2623 is now settable via a function (rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout()).
2625 c. Renamed the max_input_history variable to history_max_entries; the old
2626 variable is maintained for backwards compatibility.
2628 d. The list of characters that separate words for the history tokenizer is
2629 now settable with a variable: history_word_delimiters. The default
2632 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2633 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-beta1,
2634 and the previous version, bash-2.05-alpha1.
2638 a. Changes to allow shared library and object building on the GNU Hurd.
2640 b. Fixes to the way exported functions are placed into the environment and
2643 c. The globbing library once again respects locales when processing ranges
2644 in bracket expressions while doing pattern matching.
2646 d. System-specific configuration changes for: Tru 64, Interix
2648 e. Bashbug now uses /usr/bin/editor as one of the editing alternatives, and
2649 will use mktemp(1) or tempfile(1), if present, for temporary file creation.
2651 f. Bash no longer performs a binary file check on a script argument that's
2652 really a tty (like /dev/fd/0 or /dev/stdin).
2654 g. Fixed a bug in the execution of shell scripts that caused the effects of
2655 $BASH_ENV to be undone in some cases.
2657 h. Fixed several bugs that made `bash [-i] /dev/stdin' not work correctly.
2659 i. Several changes to the job control code to avoid some signal state
2662 j. The Bash malloc no longer blocks signals as often, which should make it
2665 k. Fixed a parsing bug that did not allow backslash to escape a single quote
2666 inside a $'...' construct.
2668 l. Fixed a bug that caused things like ${var:=$'value'} to be parsed
2669 incorrectly. This showed up in newer versions of autoconf.
2671 m. Fixed a bug in the bash-specific readline initialization that caused
2672 key bindings to bash-specific function names appearing in .inputrc to
2675 n. Bash now sets the file descriptor it uses to save the file descriptor
2676 opened on a shell script to close on exec.
2678 o. Fixed a bug in the prompt string decoding that caused it to misbehave
2679 when presented an octal sequence of fewer than three characters.
2681 p. Fixed the `test' builtin to return an error if `[' is supplied a single
2682 argument that is not `]'.
2684 q. Fixed a bug that caused subshells started to run executable shell scripts
2685 without a leading `#!' to incorrectly inherit an argument list preceding
2686 a shell builtin (like such a script called from a script sourced with `.',
2687 where there were variable assignments preceding the `.' command)
2689 r. Fixed a bug that caused changes to variables supplied in an assignment
2690 statement preceding a shell builtin to not be honored (like a script
2693 s. HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, and MACHTYPE are set only if they do not have values
2694 when the shell is started.
2696 t. Fixed a bug that caused SIGINT to kill shell scripts after the script
2699 u. The `fc' builtin now tries to create its temporary files in the directory
2702 v. Bash no longer calls any Readline functions or uses any Readline variables
2703 not declared in readline.h.
2705 w. Fixed a bug that caused some substitutions involving $@ to not be split
2706 correctly, especially expansions of the form ${paramterOPword}.
2708 x. SSH2_CLIENT is now treated like SSH_CLIENT and not auto-exported if it
2709 appears in the initial environment.
2711 y. Fixed a couple of problems with shell scripts without a leading `#!'
2712 being executed out of shell functions that could cause core dumps if
2713 such a script attempted to execute `return'.
2715 z. Fixed a problem with the `-nt' and `-ot' binary operators for the
2716 `test/[' builtin and the `[[' conditional command that caused wrong
2717 return values if one of the file arguments did not exist.
2719 aa. Fixed a bug that caused non-interactive shells which had previously
2720 executed `shopt -s expand_aliases' to fail to expand aliases in a
2721 command like `(command) &'.
2723 2. Changes to Readline
2725 a. Changes to make most (but not yet all -- there is still crlf()) of the
2726 exported readline functions declared in readline.h have an rl_ prefix.
2728 b. More `const' changes in function arguments, mostly for completion
2731 c. Fixed a bug in rl_forward that could cause the point to be set to before
2732 the beginning of the line in vi mode.
2734 d. Fixed a bug in the callback read-char interface to make it work when a
2735 readline function pushes some input onto the input stream with
2736 rl_execute_next (like the incremental search functions).
2738 e. Fixed a file descriptor leak in the history file manipulation code that
2739 was tripped when attempting to truncate a non-regular file (like
2742 f. Some existing variables are now documented and part of the public
2743 interface (declared in readline.h): rl_explict_arg, rl_numeric_arg,
2744 rl_editing_mode, rl_last_func.
2746 g. Renamed rltty_set_default_bindings to rl_tty_set_default_bindings and
2747 crlf to rl_crlf, so there are no public functions declared in readline.h
2748 without an `rl_' prefix. The old functions still exist for backwards
2751 3. New Features in Bash
2753 a. A new loadable builtin, realpath, which canonicalizes and expands symlinks
2754 in pathname arguments.
2756 b. When `set' is called without options, it prints function defintions in a
2757 way that allows them to be reused as input. This affects `declare' and
2758 `declare -p' as well.
2760 4. New Features in Readline
2762 a. New application-callable function rl_set_prompt(const char *prompt):
2763 expands its prompt string argument and sets rl_prompt to the result.
2765 b. New application-callable function rl_set_screen_size(int rows, int cols):
2766 public method for applications to set readline's idea of the screen
2769 c. The history example program (examples/histexamp.c) is now built as one
2772 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2773 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-alpha1,
2774 and the previous version, bash-2.04-release.
2778 a. A fix was made to allow newlines in compond array assignments.
2780 b. configure now checks for real-time signals with unusable values.
2782 c. Interactive shells no longer exit if a substitution fails because of an
2783 unset variable within a sourced file.
2785 d. Fixed a problem with incorrect matching of extended glob patterns when
2786 doing pattern substitution.
2788 e. `{' is now quoted by the completion code when it appears in a filename.
2790 f. Fixed an error in pattern matching that caused the matcher to not
2791 correctly skip the rest of a bracket expression after a character
2794 g. Fixed a bug in the IFS word splitting code to make a non-whitespace IFS
2795 character preceded by IFS whitespace part of the current delimiter rather
2796 than generating a separate field.
2798 h. The {!prefix@} expansion now generates separate words, analogous to $@,
2801 i. Command substitution now ignores NUL bytes in the command output, and the
2802 parser ignores them on input.
2804 j. A fix was made to the job control code to prevent hanging processes when
2805 the shell thinks background processes are running but the kernel returns
2806 -1/ECHILD from waitpid().
2808 k. `pwd' now prints an error message if the write fails when displaying the
2811 l. When in POSIX mode, the shell prints trap dispostions without a leading
2812 `SIG' in the signal specification.
2814 m. Fixed a parser bug that caused the current command's line count to be
2815 messed up by a compound array assignment.
2817 n. Fixed a bug in the unwind-protect code that caused bad behavior on machines
2818 where ints and pointers are not the same size.
2820 o. System-specific configure changes for: MacOS X.
2822 p. Changes for Cygwin to translate \r\n and \r to \n and to set file
2823 descriptors used for reading input to text mode in various places.
2825 q. Fixed a bug that caused `!' to occasionally not be honored when in
2828 r. Bash no longer assumes that getcwd() will return any useful error message
2829 in the buffer passed as an argument if the call fails.
2831 s. The `source', `.', and `fc' builtins no longer check whether a file is
2832 binary before reading commands from it.
2834 t. Subshells no longer turn off job control when they exit, since that
2835 sometimes resulted in the terminal being reset to the wrong process
2838 u. The history code no longer tries to save the second and subsequent lines
2839 of a multi-line command if the first line was not saved.
2841 v. The history saving code now does a better job of saving blank lines in a
2844 w. Removed a `feature' that made `ulimit' silently translate `unlimited' to
2845 the current hard limit, which obscured some kernel error returns.
2847 x. Fixed the grammar so that `}' is recognized as a reserved word after
2848 another reserved word, rather than requiring a `;' or newline. This
2849 means that constructs like
2851 { { echo a b c ; } }
2855 y. Conditional commands ([[...]]) now perform tilde expansion on their
2858 z. Noted in the documentation that `set -a' will cause functions to be
2859 exported if they are defined after `set -a' is executed.
2861 aa. When an interactive login shell starts, if $PWD and $HOME refer to the
2862 same directory but are not the same string, $PWD is set to $HOME.
2864 bb. Fixed `printf' to handle invalid floating point numbers better.
2866 cc. Temporary files are now created with random filenames, to improve security.
2868 dd. The readline initialization code now binds the custom bash functions and
2869 key bindings after the readline defaults are set up.
2871 ee. Fixed the `source' builtin to no longer overwrite a shell function's
2872 argument list, even if the sourced file changes the positional parameters.
2874 ff. A bug fix was made in the expansion of `$*' in contexts where it should
2875 not be split, like assignment statements.
2877 gg. Fixed a bug in the parameter substring expansion to handle conditional
2878 arithmetic expressions ( exp ? val1 : val2 ) without cutting the expression
2879 off at the wrong `:'.
2881 hh. The `<>' redirection is no longer subject to the current setting of
2882 `noclobber', as POSIX.2 specifies.
2884 ii. Fixed a bug in the conditional command parsing code that caused expressions
2885 in parentheses to occasionally be parsed incorrectly.
2887 jj. Fixed a bug in the ((...)) arithmetic command to allow do...done or
2888 {...} to follow the )) without an intervening list terminator.
2890 kk. `printf' now treats `\E' the same as `\e' when performing backslash escape
2891 expansion for the `%b' format specifier.
2893 ll. When in POSIX mode, the shell no longer searches the current directory for
2894 a file to be sourced with `.' or `source' if `.' is not in $PATH.
2896 mm. Interactive comments are no longer turned off when POSIX mode is disabled.
2898 nn. The UID, EUID, HOSTNAME variables are not set if they are in the shell's
2899 environment when it starts up.
2901 oo. Fixed a bug in the `command' builtin so the effect of a command like
2902 `command exec 4<file' is as if the `command' had been omitted.
2904 pp. ${foo[@]} and ${foo[*]} now work as in ksh93 if `foo' is not an array
2907 qq. ${#foo[X]}, where X is 0, @, or *, now work as in ksh93 if `foo' is not
2910 rr. The shell's idea of an absolute pathname now takes into account a
2911 possible drive specification on Cygwin and other Windows systems.
2913 ss. Fixed a bug which caused incorrect parsing of some multi-character
2914 constructs if they were split across input lines with backslash-newline
2917 tt. Fixed a bug that caused restricted shell mode to be set inappropriately
2918 when trying to execute a shell script without a leading `#!'.
2920 uu. Shell function definitions no longer require that the body be a group
2921 command ( {...} ), as POSIX.2 requires.
2923 vv. The `cd' and `pwd' builtins now process symlinks in pathnames internally
2924 and should require many fewer calls to getcwd().
2926 ww. Fixed a bug that caused a pipeline's process group to be set incorrectly
2927 if one of the pipeline elements contained a command substitution.
2929 xx. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when expanding the value of HISTIGNORE.
2931 yy. The output of `set' is now quoted using $'...' so invisible characters are
2932 displayed as escape sequences.
2934 zz. Fixed the help text for `unset', since PATH and IFS may both be unset.
2936 aaa. The shell no longer puts directory names into the command hash table.
2938 bbb. Fixed a bug in `read' that caused it to occasionally free memory twice if
2939 it was interrupted after reading a large amount of data.
2941 ccc. Assignment statements that attempt to assign values to readonly variables
2942 now cause the command to return an error status.
2944 ddd. Fixed a bug that could cause incorrect output if a $(<file) construct was
2947 eee. GROUPS and FUNCNAME now return an error status when assignment is
2948 attempted, but may be unset (in which case they lose their special
2949 properties). In all respects except unsetting, they are readonly.
2951 fff. The string-to-integer conversion code now ignores trailing whitespace in
2952 the string, even if strtol(3) does not.
2954 ggg. The tcsh magic-space function now does a better job of inserting the
2955 space close to where the point was before the history expansion, rather
2956 than just appending it.
2958 hhh. Fixed a bug which caused a file sourced from an interactive shell to
2959 fill up the jobs table if it ran lots of jobs.
2961 iii. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code to avoid infinite
2962 recursion on zero-length matches.
2964 2. Changes to Readline
2966 a. When setting the terminal attributes on systems using `struct termio',
2967 readline waits for output to drain before changing the attributes.
2969 b. A fix was made to the history word tokenization code to avoid attempts to
2970 dereference a null pointer.
2972 c. Readline now defaults rl_terminal_name to $TERM if the calling application
2973 has left it unset, and tries to initialize with the resultant value.
2975 d. Instead of calling (*rl_getc_function)() directly to get input in certain
2976 places, readline now calls rl_read_key() consistently.
2978 e. Fixed a bug in the completion code that allowed a backslash to quote a
2979 single quote inside a single-quoted string.
2981 f. rl_prompt is no longer assigned directly from the argument to readline(),
2982 but uses memory allocated by readline. This allows constant strings to
2983 be passed to readline without problems arising when the prompt processing
2984 code wants to modify the string.
2986 g. Fixed a bug that caused non-interactive history searches to return the
2987 wrong line when performing multiple searches backward for the same string.
2989 h. Many variables, function arguments, and function return values are now
2990 declared `const' where appropriate, to improve behavior when linking with
2993 i. The control character detection code now works better on systems where
2994 `char' is unsigned by default.
2996 j. The vi-mode numeric argument is now capped at 999999, just like emacs mode.
2998 k. The Function, CPFunction, CPPFunction, and VFunction typedefs have been
2999 replaced with a set of specific prototyped typedefs, though they are
3000 still in the readline header files for backwards compatibility.
3002 m. Nearly all of the (undocumented) internal global variables in the library
3003 now have an _rl_ prefix -- there were a number that did not, like
3004 screenheight, screenwidth, alphabetic, etc.
3006 n. The ding() convenience function has been renamed to rl_ding(), though the
3007 old function is still defined for backwards compatibility.
3009 o. The completion convenience functions filename_completion_function,
3010 username_completion_function, and completion_matches now have an rl_
3011 prefix, though the old names are still defined for backwards compatibility.
3013 p. The functions shared by readline and bash (linkage is satisfied from bash
3014 when compiling with bash, and internally otherwise) now have an sh_ prefix.
3016 q. Changed the shared library creation procedure on Linux and BSD/OS 4.x so
3017 that the `soname' contains only the major version number rather than the
3018 major and minor numbers.
3020 r. Fixed a redisplay bug that occurred when the prompt spanned more than one
3021 physical line and contained invisible characters.
3023 3. New Features in Bash
3025 a. Added a new `--init-file' invocation argument as a synonym for `--rcfile',
3026 per the new GNU coding standards.
3028 b. The /dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections now accept service names as well as
3031 c. `complete' and `compgen' now take a `-o value' option, which controls some
3032 of the aspects of that compspec. Valid values are:
3034 default - perform bash default completion if programmable
3035 completion produces no matches
3036 dirnames - perform directory name completion if programmable
3037 completion produces no matches
3038 filenames - tell readline that the compspec produces filenames,
3039 so it can do things like append slashes to
3040 directory names and suppress trailing spaces
3042 4. New Features in Readline
3044 a. The blink timeout for paren matching is now settable by applications.
3046 b. _rl_executing_macro has been renamed to rl_executing_macro, which means
3047 it's now part of the public interface.
3049 c. Readline has a new variable, rl_readline_state, which is a bitmap that
3050 encapsulates the current state of the library; intended for use by
3051 callbacks and hook functions.
3053 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3054 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-release,
3055 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta5.
3059 a. Better compile-time and configure-time checks for the necessity of
3062 b. A bug was fixed in the expansion of "${@:-}" when there are positional
3065 c. A typo was fixed in the output of `complete'.
3067 d. The matches generated for a word by the `-W' argument to complete and
3068 compgen are now matched against the word being completed, and only
3069 matches are returned as the result.
3071 e. Some fixes were made for systems which do not restart read(2) when a
3072 signal caught by bash is received.
3074 f. A bug was fixed which caused the umask to be set to 0 when an invalid
3075 symbolic mode mask was parsed.
3077 g. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if a SIGCHLD was received while
3078 performing an assignment statement using command substitution.
3080 h. Changed the word splitting function for programmable completion so cases
3081 in which the cursor is between words are handled a bit better.
3083 2. Changes to Readline
3085 a. rl_funmap_names() is now documented.
3087 3. New Features in Bash
3089 a. The LC_NUMERIC variable is now treated specially, and used to set the
3090 LC_NUMERIC locale category for number formatting, e.g., when `printf'
3091 displays floating-point numbers.
3093 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3094 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta5,
3095 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta4.
3099 a. A couple of changes were made to the Makefiles for easier building on
3102 b. Fixed a bug where the current prompt would be set to $PS2 at startup.
3104 c. The shell script that tests an already-installed version was changed to
3105 remove the directory it created its test programs in at exit.
3107 d. Several changes were made to the code that tokenizes an input line for
3108 the programmable completion code. Shell metacharacters will now appear
3109 as individual words in the word list passed to the completion functions.
3110 Some of the example completion shell functions were changed to understand
3111 redirection operators.
3113 e. A bug was fixed that, under obscure circumstances, could confuse the
3114 parser when a shell function was run by the programmable completion code.
3116 f. A bug was fixed in the ulimit builtin for systems not using getrlimit().
3118 g. The execution code now propagates the correct exit status back to the rest
3119 of the code if the return value of a subshell command was being inverted.
3120 Some new test cases for inverting return values with the `!' reserved
3121 word have been added.
3123 h. Negative exponents in the arithmetic evaluation of v**e now return an
3126 i. A bug that caused bash to check the wrong process in a pipeline for
3127 abnormal termination (and consequently resetting the terminal attributes)
3130 j. Fixed a bug that caused $PS2 to be displayed after PROMPT_COMMAND was
3133 2. Changes to Readline
3135 1. Fixed a bug in a C preprocessor define that caused the keypad control
3136 functions to be compiled out for all platforms except DJGPP.
3138 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3139 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta4,
3140 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta3.
3144 a. A couple of changes were made to the redirection to attempt to avoid
3145 race conditions and malicious file replacement.
3147 2. A change was made to the string evaluation code (used for command
3148 substitution, `eval', and the `.' builtin) to fix an obscure core
3149 dump on alpha machines.
3151 3. A bug that caused $LINENO to be wrong when executing arithmetic for
3154 4. A couple of memory leaks in the programmable completion code were fixed.
3156 5. A bug that could cause a core dump by freeing memory twice during a call
3157 to `eval' if `set -u' had been enabled and an undefined variable was
3158 referenced was fixed.
3160 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3161 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta3,
3162 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta2.
3166 a. Bash should run the appropriate startup files when invoked by ssh2.
3168 b. Fixed a bug in the parsing of conditional commands that could cause a
3171 c. Fixed a bug in parsing job specifications that occasionally caused
3172 core dumps when an out-of-range job was referenced.
3174 d. Fixed the `type' and `command' builtins to do better reporting of
3175 commands that are not found in $PATH or the hash table.
3177 e. Fixed a POSIX.2 compliance problem in the command builtin -- commands
3178 are supposed to be reported as full pathnames.
3180 f. The `echo' builtin now returns failure if a write error occurs.
3182 g. Fixed a bug which caused the locale to not be reset correctly when
3185 h. Changed description of `getopts' in man page and reference manual to make
3186 it clear that option characters may be characters other than letters.
3188 i. If the shell exits while in a function, make sure that any trap on EXIT
3189 doesn't think the function is still executing.
3191 j. Bashbug now tries harder to find a usable editor if $EDITOR is not set,
3192 rather than simply defaulting to `emacs'.
3194 k. Changes to the scripts that guess and canonicalize the system type, from
3195 the latest `automake' distribution via Debian.
3197 l. When using named pipes for process substitution, make sure the file
3198 descriptors opened for reading are set to non-blocking mode.
3200 m. Fixed a bug that caused termination of pipelines that are killed by a
3201 signal to not be reported in some cases.
3203 n. When not in literal-history mode, shell comment lines are not added to
3206 o. When running in POSIX.2 mode, bash no longer performs word splitting on
3207 the expanded value of the word supplied as the filename argument to
3208 redirection operators.
3210 p. The prompt string decoding code now backslash-quotes only characters that
3211 are special within double quotes when expanding the \w and \W escape
3214 q. Fixed a bug in the prompt decoding code that could cause a non-interactive
3215 shell to seg fault if `\u' was used in PS4 and the shell was in xtrace
3218 r. Fixed a bug that caused function definitions to be printed with any
3219 redirections that should be attached to the entire function before the
3222 s. Changed the tilde expansion code for Cygwin systems to avoid creating
3223 pathnames beginning with `//' if $HOME == `/'.
3225 t. Fixed a couple of autoconf tests to avoid creating files with fixed names
3228 u. The `trap' and `kill' builtins now know the names of the POSIX.1b real-
3229 time signals on systems which support them.
3231 2. Changes to Readline
3233 a. Fixed a problem with the single-quote quoting function that could cause
3236 b. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect `stat characters' to be printed if
3237 the files being completed were in the root directory and visible-stats
3240 3. New Features in Bash
3242 a. There is a new `rbash.1' manual page, from the Debian release.
3244 b. The `--enable-usg-echo-default' option to `configure' has been renamed to
3245 `--enable-xpg-echo-default'. The old option is still there for backwards
3248 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3249 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta2,
3250 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta1.
3254 a. Fixed a bug that could cause pipes to be closed inappropriately in
3257 b. Fixed a bug that caused creation of the exported environment to clobber
3258 the current command string if there were any exported shell functions.
3260 c. Some changes were made to reduce bash's memory usage.
3262 d. Fixed a problem with programmable completion and filenames to be
3263 completed containing quote characters.
3265 e. Changed the code the removes named pipes created for the <(...) and >(...)
3266 expansions to defer removal until after any current shell function has
3269 f. Fixed a bug in `select' which caused it to not handle the `continue'
3272 g. Autoconf tests added for cygwin32 and mingw32.
3274 2. New Features in Bash
3276 a. The `--with-bash-malloc' configure option replaces `--with-gnu-malloc'
3277 (which is still there for backwards compatibility).
3279 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3280 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta1,
3281 and the previous version, bash-2.04-alpha1.
3285 a. Fixed a bug in the programmable completion code that occurred when
3286 trying to complete command lines containing a `;' or `@'.
3288 b. The file descriptor from which the shell is reading a script is now
3289 moved to a file descriptor above the user-addressible range.
3291 c. Changes to `printf' so that it can handle integers beginning with 0
3292 or 0x as octal and hex, respectively.
3294 d. Fixes to the programmable completion code so it handles nonsense like
3295 `compgen -C xyz' gracefully.
3297 e. The shell no longer modifies the signal handler for SIGPROF, allowing
3298 profiling again on certain systems.
3300 f. The shell checks for a new window size, if the user has requested it,
3301 after a process exits due to a signal.
3303 g. Fixed a bug with variables with null values in a program's temporary
3304 environment and the bash getenv() replacement.
3306 h. `declare' and the other builtins that take variable assignments as
3307 arguments now honor `set -a' and mark modified variables for export.
3309 i. Some changes were made for --dump-po-strings mode when writing strings
3310 with embedded newlines.
3312 j. The code that caches export strings from the initial environment now
3313 duplicates the string rather than just pointing into the environment.
3315 k. The filename completion quoting code now uses single quotes by default
3316 if the filename being completed contains newlines, since \<newline>
3317 has a special meaning to the parser.
3319 l. Bash now uses typedefs bits32_t and u_bits32_t instead of int32_t and
3320 u_int32_t, respectively to avoid conflicts on certain Unix versions.
3322 m. Configuration changes were made for: Rhapsody, Mac OS, FreeBSD-3.x.
3324 n. Fixed a problem with hostname-to-ip-address translation in the
3325 /dev/(tcp|udp)/hostname/port redirection code.
3327 o. The texinfo manual has been reorganized slightly.
3329 p. Filename generation (globbing) range comparisons in bracket expressions
3330 no longer use strcoll(3) even if it is available, since it has unwanted
3331 effects in certain locales.
3333 q. Fixed a cosmetic problem in the source that caused the shell to not
3334 compile if DPAREN_ARITHMETIC was not defined but ARITH_FOR_COMMAND was.
3336 r. Fixed a bug in the here-document code tripped when the file descriptor
3337 opened to the file containing the text of the here document was the
3338 same as a redirector specified by the user.
3340 s. Fixed a bug where the INVERT_RETURN flag was not being set for `pipeline'
3341 in `time ! pipeline'.
3343 t. Fixed a bug with the `wait' builtin which manifested itself when an
3344 interrupt was received while the shell was waiting for asynchronous
3345 processes in a shell script.
3347 u. Fixed the DEBUG trap code so that it has the correct value of $?.
3349 v. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code that could cause
3350 the shell to attempt to free unallocated memory if the pattern started
3351 with `/' and an expansion error occurs.
3353 w. Fixed a bug in the positional parameter substring code that could
3354 cause the shell to loop freeing freed memory.
3356 x. Fixed a bug in the positional parameter pattern substitution code so
3357 that it correctly handles null replacement strings with a pattern
3358 string prefixed with `%' or `#'.
3360 y. The shell no longer attempts to import functions from the environment if
3363 z. Fixed a bug that caused `return' in a command substitution executed in
3364 a shell function to return from the function in a subshell and continue
3367 aa. `hash -p /pathname/with/slashes name' is no longer allowed when the shell
3370 bb. The wait* job control functions now behave better if called when there
3371 are no unwaited-for children.
3373 cc. Command substitution no longer unconditionally disables job control in
3374 the subshell started to run the command.
3376 dd. A bug was fixed that occasionally caused traps to mess up the parser
3379 ee. `bashbug' now honors user headers in the mail message it sends.
3381 ff. A bug was fixed that caused the `:p' history modifier to not print the
3382 history expansion if the `histverify' option was set.
3384 2. Changes to Readline
3386 a. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code for lines with more than 256 line
3389 b. A bug was fixed which caused invisible character markers to not be
3390 stripped from the prompt string if the terminal was in no-echo mode.
3392 c. Readline no longer tries to get the variables it needs for redisplay
3393 from the termcap entry if the calling application has specified its
3394 own redisplay function. Readline treats the terminal as `dumb' in
3397 d. Fixes to the SIGWINCH code so that a multiple-line prompt with escape
3398 sequences is redrawn correctly.
3400 3. New Features in Bash
3402 a. `bashbug' now accepts `--help' and `--version' options.
3404 b. There is a new `xpg_echo' option to `shopt' that controls the behavior
3405 of echo with respect to backslash-escaped characters at runtime.
3407 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3408 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-alpha1,
3409 and the previous version, bash-2.04-devel.
3413 a. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when performing substring
3416 b. Shared object configuration changes for: Solaris, OSF/1
3418 c. The POSIX_GLOB_LIBRARY code that uses the POSIX.2 globbing facilities
3419 for pathname expansion now understands GLOBIGNORE.
3421 d. The code that implements `eval' was changed to save the value of the
3422 current prompt, so an eval in a shell function called by the programmable
3423 completion code will not change the prompt to $PS2.
3425 e. Restored the undocumented NON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS #define to
3426 config-top.h. If this is defined, all login shells will read the
3427 startup files, not just interactive and non-interactive started with
3428 the `--login' option.
3430 f. Fixed a bug that caused the expansion code to occasionally dump core if
3431 IFS contained characters > 128.
3433 g. Fixed a problem with the grammar so that a newline is not required
3434 after the `))' in the new-style arithmetic for statement; a semicolon
3435 may be used as expected.
3437 h. Variable indirection may now reference the shell's special variables.
3439 i. The $'...' and $"..." constructs are now added to the history correctly
3440 if they contain newlines and command-oriented history is enabled.
3442 j. It is now an error to try to assign a value to a function-local copy
3443 of a readonly shell variable (declared with the `local' builtin).
3445 2. Changes to Readline
3447 a. The history file code now uses O_BINARY mode when reading and writing
3448 the history file on cygwin32.
3450 3. New Features in Bash
3452 a. A new programmable completion facility, with two new builtin commands:
3453 complete and compgen.
3455 b. configure has a new option, `--enable-progcomp', to compile in the
3456 programmable completion features (enabled by default).
3458 c. `shopt' has a new option, `progcomp', to enable and disable programmable
3459 completion at runtime.
3461 d. Unsetting HOSTFILE now clears the list of hostnames used for completion.
3463 4. New Features in Readline
3465 a. A new variable, rl_gnu_readline_p, always 1. The intent is that an
3466 application can verify whether or not it is linked with the `real'
3467 readline library or some substitute.
3469 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3470 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-devel,
3471 and the previous version, bash-2.03-release.
3475 a. System-specific configuration and source changes for: Interix, Rhapsody
3477 b. Fixed a bug in execute_cmd.c that resulted in a compile-time error if
3478 JOB_CONTROL was not defined.
3480 c. An obscure race condition in the trap code was fixed.
3482 d. The string resulting from $'...' is now requoted to avoid any further
3485 e. The $'...' quoting syntax now allows backslash to escape a single quote,
3486 for ksh-93 compatibility.
3488 f. The $"..." quoting syntax now escapes backslashes and double quotes in
3489 the translated string when displaying them with the --dump-po-strings
3492 g. `echo -e' no longer converts \' to '.
3494 h. Fixes were made to the extended globbing code to handle embedded (...)
3497 i. Some improvements were made to the code that unsets `nodelay' mode on
3498 the file descriptor from which bash is reading input.
3500 j. Some changes were made to the replacement termcap library for better
3501 operation on MS-DOS.
3503 k. Some changes were made to the tilde expansion code to handle backslash
3504 as a pathname separator on MS-DOS.
3506 l. The source has been reorganized a little bit -- there is now an `include'
3507 subdirectory, and lib/posixheaders has been removed.
3509 m. Improvements were made to the `read' builtin so that it makes many
3510 fewer read(2) system calls.
3512 n. The expansion of $- will include `c' and `s' when those options are
3513 supplied at shell invocation.
3515 o. Several improvments were made to the completion code: variable completion
3516 now works better when there are unterminated expansions, command
3517 completion understands quotes better, and completion now works in certain
3518 unclosed $(... constructs.
3520 p. The arithmetic expansion code was fixed to not need the value of a
3521 variable being assigned a value (fixes the "ss=09; let ss=10" bug).
3523 q. Some changes were made to make exported environment creation faster.
3525 r. The html documentation will be installed into $(htmldir) if that variable
3526 has a value when `make install' is run.
3528 s. Fixed a bug that would cause the bashrc file to be sourced inappropriately
3529 when bash is started by sshd.
3531 t. The SSH_CLIENT environment variable is no longer auto-exported.
3533 u. A bug that caused redirections with (...) subshells to be performed in
3534 the wrong order was fixed.
3536 v. A bug that occasionally caused inappropriate expansion of assignment
3537 statements in compound array assignments was fixed.
3539 w. The code that parses the words in a compound array assignment was
3540 simplified considerably and should work better now.
3542 x. Fixes to the non-job-control code in nojobs.c to make it POSIX.2-compliant
3543 when a user attempts to retrieve the status of a terminated background
3546 y. Fixes to the `printf' builtin so that it doesn't try to expand all
3547 backslash escape sequences in the format string before parsing it for
3548 % format specifiers.
3550 2. Changes to Readline
3552 a. The history library tries to truncate the history file only if it is a
3555 b. A bug that caused _rl_dispatch to address negative array indices on
3556 systems with signed chars was fixed.
3558 c. rl-yank-nth-arg now leaves the history position the same as when it was
3561 d. Changes to the completion code to handle MS-DOS drive-letter:pathname
3564 e. Completion is now case-insensitive by default on MS-DOS.
3566 f. Fixes to the history file manipulation code for MS-DOS.
3568 g. Readline attempts to bind the arrow keys to appropriate defaults on MS-DOS.
3570 h. Some fixes were made to the redisplay code for better operation on MS-DOS.
3572 i. The quoted-insert code will now insert tty special chars like ^C.
3574 j. A bug was fixed that caused the display code to reference memory before
3575 the start of the prompt string.
3577 k. More support for __EMX__ (OS/2).
3579 l. A bug was fixed in readline's signal handling that could cause infinite
3580 recursion in signal handlers.
3582 m. A bug was fixed that caused the point to be less than zero when rl_forward
3583 was given a very large numeric argument.
3585 n. The vi-mode code now gets characters via the application-settable value
3586 of rl_getc_function rather than calling rl_getc directly.
3588 3. New Features in Bash
3590 a. The history builtin has a `-d offset' option to delete the history entry
3591 at position `offset'.
3593 b. The prompt expansion code has two new escape sequences: \j, the number of
3594 active jobs; and \l, the basename of the shell's tty device name.
3596 c. The `bind' builtin has a new `-x' option to bind key sequences to shell
3599 d. There is a new shell option, no_empty_command_completion, which, when
3600 enabled, disables command completion when TAB is typed on an empty line.
3602 e. The `help' builtin has a `-s' option to just print a builtin's usage
3605 f. There are several new arithmetic operators: id++, id-- (variable
3606 post-increment/decrement), ++id, --id (variabl pre-increment/decrement),
3607 expr1 , expr2 (comma operator).
3609 g. There is a new ksh-93 style arithmetic for command:
3610 for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done
3612 h. The `read' builtin has a number of new options:
3613 -t timeout only wait timeout seconds for input
3614 -n nchars only read nchars from input instead of a full line
3615 -d delim read until delim rather than newline
3616 -s don't echo input chars as they are read
3618 i. The redirection code now handles several filenames specially:
3619 /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, and /dev/stderr, whether or
3620 not they are present in the file system.
3622 j. The redirection code now recognizes pathnames of the form
3623 /dev/tcp/host/port and /dev/udp/host/port, and tries to open a socket
3624 of the appropriate type to the specified port on the specified host.
3626 k. The ksh-93 ${!prefix*} expansion, which expands to the names of all
3627 shell variables whose names start with prefix, has been implemented.
3629 l. There is a new dynamic variable, FUNCNAME, which expands to the name of
3630 a currently-executing function. Assignments to FUNCNAME have no effect.
3632 m. The GROUPS variable is no longer readonly; assignments to it are silently
3633 discarded. This means it can be unset.
3635 4. New Features in Readline
3637 a. Parentheses matching is now always compiled into readline, and enabled
3638 or disabled when the value of the `blink-matching-paren' variable is
3641 b. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_inputrc as the last-ditch inputrc filename.
3643 c. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_history as the default history file.
3645 d. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the point at the end of the
3646 line when the string to search for is empty, like
3647 {reverse,forward}-search-history.
3649 e. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the last history line found
3650 in the readline buffer if the second or subsequent search fails.
3652 f. New function for use by applications: rl_on_new_line_with_prompt, used
3653 when an application displays the prompt itself before calling readline().
3655 g. New variable for use by applications: rl_already_prompted. An application
3656 that displays the prompt itself before calling readline() must set this to
3659 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3660 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-release,
3661 and the previous version, bash-2.03-beta2.
3665 a. A file descriptor leak in the `fc' builtin was fixed.
3667 b. A bug was fixed in the `read' builtin that caused occasional spurious
3668 failures when using `read -e'.
3670 c. The version code needed to use the value of the cpp variable
3671 CONF_MACHTYPE rather than MACHTYPE.
3673 d. A new test was added to exercise the command printing and copying code.
3675 e. A bug was fixed that caused `time' to be recognized as a reserved word
3676 if it was the first pattern in a `case' statement pattern list.
3678 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3679 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-beta2,
3680 and the previous version, bash-2.03-beta1.
3684 a. Slight additions to support/shobj-conf, mostly for the benefit of AIX 4.2.
3686 b. config.{guess,sub} support added for the NEC SX4.
3688 c. Changed some of the cross-compiling sections of the configure macros in
3689 aclocal.m4 so that configure won't abort.
3691 d. Slight changes to how the HTML versions of the bash and readline manuals
3694 e. Fixed conditional command printing to avoid interpreting printf `%'-escapes
3697 f. Don't include the bash malloc on all variants of the alpha processor.
3699 g. Changes to configure to make --enable-profiling work on Solaris 2.x.
3701 h. Fixed a bug that manifested itself when shell functions were called
3702 between calls to `getopts'.
3704 i. Fixed pattern substitution so that a bare `#'as a pattern causes the
3705 replacement string to be prefixed to the search string, and a bare
3706 `%' causes the replacement string to be appended to the search string.
3708 j. Fixed a bug in the command execution code that caused child processes
3709 to occasionally have the wrong value for $!.
3711 2. Changes to Readline
3713 a. Added code to the history library to catch history substitutions using
3714 `&' without a previous history substitution or search having been
3717 3. New Features in Bash
3719 4. New Features in Readline
3721 a. New bindable variable: `isearch-terminators'.
3723 b. New bindable function: `forward-backward-delete-char' (unbound by default).
3725 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3726 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-beta1,
3727 and the previous version, bash-2.03-alpha.
3731 a. A change was made to the help text for `{...}' to make it clear that a
3732 semicolon is required before the closing brace.
3734 b. A fix was made to the `test' builtin so that syntax errors cause test
3735 to return an exit status > 1.
3737 c. Globbing is no longer performed on assignment statements that appear as
3738 arguments to `assignment builtins' such as `export'.
3740 d. System-specific configuration changes were made for: Rhapsody,
3741 AIX 4.2/gcc, BSD/OS 4.0.
3743 e. New loadable builtins: ln, unlink.
3745 f. Some fixes were made to the globbing code to handle extended glob patterns
3746 which immediately follow a `*'.
3748 g. A fix was made to the command printing code to ensure that redirections
3749 following compound commands have a space separating them from the rest
3752 h. The pathname canonicalization code was changed to produce fewer leading
3753 `//' sequences, since those are interpreted as network file system
3754 pathnames on some systems.
3756 i. A fix was made so that loops containing `eval' commands in commands passed
3757 to `bash -c' would not exit prematurely.
3759 j. Some changes were made to the job reaping code when the shell is not
3760 interactive, so the shell will retain exit statuses longer for examination
3763 k. A fix was made so that `jobs | command' works again.
3765 l. The erroneous compound array assignment var=((...)) is now a syntax error.
3767 m. A change was made to the dynamic loading code in `enable' to support
3770 n. A fix was made to the globbing code so that extended globbing patterns
3771 will correctly match `.' in a bracket expression.
3773 2. Changes to Readline
3775 a. A fix was made to the completion code in which a typo caused the wrong
3776 value to be passed to the function that computed the longest common
3777 prefix of the list of matches.
3779 b. The completion code now checks the value of rl_filename_completion_desired,
3780 which is set by application-supplied completion functions to indicate
3781 that filename completion is being performed, to decide whether or not to
3782 call an application-supplied `ignore completions' function.
3784 3. New Features in Bash
3786 a. A change was made to the startup file code so that any shell begun with
3787 the `--login' option, even non-interactive shells, will source the login
3788 shell startup files.
3790 4. New Features in Readline
3792 a. A new variable, rl_erase_empty_line, which, if set by an application using
3793 readline, will cause readline to erase, prompt and all, lines on which the
3794 only thing typed was a newline.
3796 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3797 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-alpha,
3798 and the previous version, bash-2.02.1-release.
3802 a. System-specific configuration changes were made for: Irix 6.x, Unixware 7.
3804 b. The texi2dvi and texi2html scripts were updated to the latest versions
3807 c. The configure tests that determine which native type is 32 bits were
3808 changed to not require a compiled program.
3810 d. Fixed a bug in shell_execve that could cause memory to be freed twice
3811 after a failed exec.
3813 e. The `printf' test uses `diff -a' if it's available to prevent confusion
3814 due to the non-ascii output.
3816 f. Shared object configuration is now performed by a shell script,
3817 support/shobj-conf, which generates values to be substituted into
3818 makefiles by configure.
3820 g. Some changes were made to `ulimit' to avoid the use of RLIM_INVALID as a
3823 h. Changes were made to `ulimit' to work around HPUX 9.x's peculiar
3824 handling of RLIMIT_FILESIZE.
3826 i. Some new loadable builtins were added: id, printenv, sync, whoami, push,
3827 mkdir. `pushd', `popd', and `dirs' can now be built as regular or
3828 loadable builtins from the same source file.
3830 j. Changes were made to `printf' to handle NUL bytes in the expanded format
3833 k. The various `make clean' Makefile targets now descend into lib/sh.
3835 l. The `type' builtin was changed to use the internal `getopt' so that things
3836 like `type -ap' work as expected.
3838 m. There is a new configuration option, --with-installed-readline, to link
3839 bash with a locally-installed version of readline. Only readline version
3840 4.0 and later releases can support this. Shared and static libraries
3841 are supported. The installed include files are used.
3843 n. There is a new autoconf macro used to find which basic type is 64 bits.
3845 o. Dynamic linking and loadable builtins should now work on SCO 3.2v5*,
3846 AIX 4.2 with gcc, Unixware 7, and many other systems using gcc, where
3847 the `-shared' options works correctly.
3849 p. A bug was fixed in the bash filename completion code that caused memory to
3850 be freed twice if a directory name containing an unset variable was
3851 completed and the -u option was set.
3853 q. The prompt expansion code now quotes the `$' in the `\$' expansion so it
3854 is not processed by subsequent parameter expansion.
3856 r. Fixed a parsing bug that caused a single or double quote after a `$$' to
3857 trigger ANSI C expansion or locale translation.
3859 s. Fixed a bug in the globbing code that caused quoted filenames containing
3860 no globbing characters to sometimes be incorrectly expanded.
3862 t. Changes to the default prompt strings if prompt string decoding is not
3863 compiled into the shell.
3865 u. Added `do', `then', `else', `{', and `(' to the list of keywords that may
3866 precede the `time' reserved word.
3868 v. The shell may now be cross-built for BeOS as well as cygwin32.
3870 w. The conditional command execution code now treats `=' the same as `=='
3871 for deciding when to perform pattern matching.
3873 x. The `-e' option no longer causes the shell to exit if a command exits
3874 with a non-zero status while running the startup files.
3876 y. The `printf' builtin no longer dumps core if a modifier is supplied in
3877 the format string without a conversion character (e.g. `%h').
3879 z. Array assignments of the form a=(...) no longer show up in the history
3882 aa. The parser was fixed to obey the POSIX.2 rules for finding the closing
3883 `}' in a ${...} expression.
3885 bb. The history file is now opened with mode 0600 rather than 0666, so bash
3886 no longer relies on the user's umask being set appropriately.
3888 cc. Setting LANG no longer causes LC_ALL to be assigned a value; bash now
3889 relies on proper behavior from the C library.
3891 dd. Minor changes were made to allow quoted variable expansions using
3892 ${...} to be completed correctly if there is no closing `"'.
3894 ee. Changes were made to builtins/Makefile.in so that configuring the shell
3895 with `--enable-profiling' works right and builtins/mkbuiltins is
3898 2. Changes to Readline
3900 a. The version number is now 4.0.
3902 b. There is no longer any #ifdef SHELL code in the source files.
3904 c. Some changes were made to the key binding code to fix memory leaks and
3905 better support Win32 systems.
3907 d. Fixed a silly typo in the paren matching code -- it's microseconds, not
3910 e. The readline library should be compilable by C++ compilers.
3912 f. The readline.h public header file now includes function prototypes for
3913 all readline functions, and some changes were made to fix errors in the
3914 source files uncovered by the use of prototypes.
3916 g. The maximum numeric argument is now clamped at 1000000.
3918 h. Fixes to rl_yank_last_arg to make it behave better.
3920 i. Fixed a bug in the display code that caused core dumps if the prompt
3921 string length exceeded 1024 characters.
3923 j. The menu completion code was fixed to properly insert a single completion
3924 if there is only one match.
3926 k. A bug was fixed that caused the display code to improperly display tabs
3929 3. New Features in Bash
3931 a. New `shopt' option, `restricted_shell', indicating whether or not the
3932 shell was started in restricted mode, for use in startup files.
3934 b. Filename generation is now performed on the words between ( and ) in
3935 array assignments (which it probably should have done all along).
3937 c. OLDPWD is now auto-exported, as POSIX.2 seems to require.
3939 d. ENV and BASH_ENV are read-only variables in a restricted shell.
3941 4. New Features in Readline
3943 a. Many changes to the signal handling:
3944 o Readline now catches SIGQUIT and cleans up the tty before returning;
3945 o A new variable, rl_catch_signals, is available to application writers
3946 to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its own
3947 signal handlers for SIGINT, SIGTERM, SIGQUIT, SIGALRM, SIGTSTP,
3948 SIGTTIN, and SIGTTOU;
3949 o A new variable, rl_catch_sigwinch, is available to application
3950 writers to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its
3951 own signal handler for SIGWINCH, which will chain to the calling
3952 applications's SIGWINCH handler, if one is installed;
3953 o There is a new function, rl_free_line_state, for application signal
3954 handlers to call to free up the state associated with the current
3955 line after receiving a signal;
3956 o There is a new function, rl_cleanup_after_signal, to clean up the
3957 display and terminal state after receiving a signal;
3958 o There is a new function, rl_reset_after_signal, to reinitialize the
3959 terminal and display state after an application signal handler
3960 returns and readline continues
3962 b. There is a new function, rl_resize_terminal, to reset readline's idea of
3963 the screen size after a SIGWINCH.
3965 c. New public functions: rl_save_prompt and rl_restore_prompt. These were
3966 previously private functions with a `_' prefix.
3968 d. New function hook: rl_pre_input_hook, called just before readline starts
3969 reading input, after initialization.
3971 e. New function hook: rl_display_matches_hook, called when readline would
3972 display the list of completion matches. The new function
3973 rl_display_match_list is what readline uses internally, and is available
3974 for use by application functions called via this hook.
3976 f. New bindable function, delete-char-or-list, like tcsh.
3978 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3979 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02.1-release,
3980 and the previous version, bash-2.02-release.
3984 a. A bug that caused the bash readline support to not compile unless aliases
3985 and csh-style history were configured into the shell was fixed.
3987 b. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when here documents contained
3988 more than 1000 characters.
3990 c. Fixed a bug that caused a CDPATH entry of "" to not be treated the same
3991 as the current directory when in POSIX mode.
3993 d. Fixed an alignment problem with the memory returned by the bash malloc,
3994 so returned memory is now 64-bit aligned.
3996 e. Fixed a bug that caused command substitutions executed within pipelines
3997 to put the terminal in the wrong process group.
3999 f. Fixes to support/config.sub for: alphas, SCO Open Server and Open Desktop,
4000 Unixware 2, and Unixware 7.
4002 g. Fixes to the pattern matching code to make it work correctly for eight-bit
4005 h. Fixed a problem that occasionally caused the shell to display the wrong
4006 value for the new working directory when changing to a directory found
4007 in $CDPATH when in physical mode.
4009 i. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when using conditional commands in
4012 j. Fixed a bug that caused the printf builtin to loop forever if the format
4013 string did not consume any of the arguments.
4015 k. Fixed a bug in the parameter expansion code that caused "$@" to be
4016 incorrectly split if $IFS did not contain a space character.
4018 l. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when completing hostnames if
4019 the number of matching hostnames was an exact multiple of 16.
4021 m. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to fork too early when a command
4022 such as `%2 &' was given.
4024 2. Changes to Readline
4026 a. Fixed a problem with redisplay that showed up when the prompt string was
4027 longer than the screen width and the prompt contained invisible characters.
4029 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4030 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-release,
4031 and the previous version, bash-2.02-beta2.
4035 a. A bug was fixed that caused the terminal process group to be set
4036 incorrectly when performing command substitution of builtins in a
4039 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4040 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-beta2,
4041 and the previous version, bash-2.02-beta1.
4045 a. Attempting to `wait' for stopped jobs now generates a warning message.
4047 b. Pipelines which exit due to SIGPIPE in non-interactive shells are now
4048 not reported if the shell is compiled -DDONT_REPORT_SIGPIPE.
4050 c. Some changes were made to builtins/psize.sh and support/bashbug.sh to
4051 attempt to avoid some /tmp file races and surreptitious file
4054 d. Fixed a bug that caused the shell not to compile if configured with
4055 dparen arithmetic but without aliases.
4057 e. Fixed a bug that caused the input stream to be switched when assigning
4058 empty arrays with `bash -c'.
4060 f. A bug was fixed in the readline expansion glue code that caused bash to
4061 dump core when expanding lines with an unclosed single quote.
4063 g. A fix was made to the `cd' builtin so that using a non-empty directory
4064 from $CDPATH results in an absolute pathname of the new current working
4065 directory to be displayed after the current directory is changed.
4067 h. Fixed a bug in the variable assignment code that caused the shell to
4068 dump core when referencing an unset variable with `set -u' enabled in
4069 an assignment statement preceding a command.
4071 i. Fixed a bug in the exit trap code that caused reserved words to not be
4072 recognized under certain circumstances.
4074 j. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code so that quote
4075 removal is performed.
4077 k. The shell should now configure correctly on Apple Rhapsody systems.
4079 l. The `kill' builtin now prints a usage message if it is not passed any
4082 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4083 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-beta1,
4084 and the previous version, bash-2.02-alpha1.
4088 a. A few compilation bugs were fixed in the new extended globbing code.
4090 b. Executing arithmetic commands now sets the command name to `((' so
4091 error messages look right.
4093 c. Fixed some build problems with various configuration options.
4095 d. The `printf' builtin now aborts immediately if an illegal format
4096 character is encountered.
4098 e. The code that creates here-documents now behaves better if the file it's
4099 trying to create already exists for some reason.
4101 f. Fixed a problem with the extended globbing code that made patterns like
4102 `x+*' expand incorrectly.
4104 g. The prompt string expansion code no longer quotes tildes with backslashes.
4106 h. The bash getcwd() implementation in lib/sh/getcwd.c now behaves better in
4107 the presence of lstat(2) failures.
4109 i. Fixed a bug with strsub() that caused core dumps when executing `fc -s'.
4111 j. The mail checking code now ensures that it has a valid default mailpath.
4113 k. A bug was fixed that caused local variables to be unset inappropriately
4114 when sourcing a script from within another sourced script.
4116 l. A bug was fixed in the history saving code so that functions are saved
4117 in the history list correctly if `cmdhist' is enabled, but `lithist'
4120 m. A bug was fixed that caused printf overflows when displaying error
4123 n. It should be easier to build the loadble builtins in examples/loadables,
4124 though some manual editing of the generated Makefile is still required.
4126 o. The user's primary group is now always ${GROUPS[0]}.
4128 p. Some updates were made to support/config.guess from the GNU master copy.
4130 q. Some changes were made to the autoconf support for Solaris 2.6 large
4133 r. The `command' builtins now does the right thing when confstr(3) cannot
4134 find a value for _CS_PATH.
4136 s. Extended globbing expressions like `*.!(c)' are not history expanded if
4137 `extglob' is enabled.
4139 t. Using the `-P' option to `cd' will force the value that is assigned to
4140 PWD to not contain any symbolic links.
4142 2. Changes to Readline
4144 a. The code that prints completion listings now behaves better if one or
4145 more of the filenames contains non-printable characters.
4147 b. The time delay when showing matching parentheses is now 0.5 seconds.
4149 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4150 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-alpha1,
4151 and the previous version, bash-2.01.1-release.
4155 a. OS-specific configuration changes for: BSD/OS 3.x, Minix 2.x,
4156 Solaris 2.6, SINIX SVR4.
4158 b. Changes were made to the generated `info' files so that `install-info'
4161 c. PWD is now auto-exported.
4163 d. A fix was made to the pipeline code to make sure that the shell forks
4164 to execute simple commands consisting solely of assignment statements.
4166 e. Changes to the test suite for systems with 14-character filenames.
4168 f. The default sizes of some internal hash tables have been made smaller
4169 to reduce the shell's memory footprint.
4171 g. The `((...))' arithmetic command is now executed directly instead of
4172 being translated into `let "..."'.
4174 h. Fixes were made to the expansion code so that "$*", "$@", "${array[@]}",
4175 and "${array[@]}" expand correctly when IFS does not contain a space
4176 character, is unset, or is set to NULL.
4178 i. The indirect expansion code (${!var}) was changed so that the only
4179 valid values of `var' are variable names, positional parameters, `#',
4182 j. An arithmetic expression error in a $((...)) expansion now causes a
4183 non-interactive shell running in posix mode to exit.
4185 k. Compound array assignment now splits the words within the parentheses
4186 on shell metacharacters like the parser would before expansing them
4187 and performing the assignment. This is for compatibility with ksh-93.
4189 l. The internal shell backslash-quoting code (used in the output of `set'
4190 and completion) now quotes tildes if they appear at the start of the
4191 string or after a `=' or `:'.
4193 m. A couple of bugs with `shopt -o' were fixed.
4195 n. `bash +o' now displays the same output as `set +o' before starting an
4198 o. A bug that caused command substitution and the `eval' builtin to
4199 occasionally free memory twice when an error was encountered was fixed.
4201 p. The filename globbing code no longer requires read permission for a
4202 directory when the filename to be matched does not contain any globbing
4203 characters, as POSIX.2 specifies.
4205 q. A bug was fixed so that the job containing the last asynchronous
4206 process is not removed from the job table until a `wait' is executed
4207 for that process or another asynchronous process is started. This
4208 satisfies a POSIX.2 requirement.
4210 r. A `select' bug was fixed so that a non-numeric user response is treated
4211 the same as a numeric response that is out of range.
4213 s. The shell no longer parses the value of SHELLOPTS from the environment
4214 if it is restricted, running setuid, or running in `privileged mode'.
4216 t. Fixes were made to enable large file support on systems such as
4217 Solaris 2.6, where the size of a file may be larger than can be held
4220 u. The filename hashing code was fixed to not add `./' to the beginning of
4221 filenames which already begin with `./'.
4223 v. The configure script was changed so that the GNU termcap library is not
4224 compiled in if `prefer-curses' has been specified.
4226 w. HISTCONTROL and HISTIGNORE are no longer applied to the second and
4227 subsequent lines of a multi-line command.
4229 x. A fix was made to `disown' so that it does a better job of catching
4232 y. Non-interactive shells no longer report the status of processes terminated
4233 due to SIGINT, even if the standard output is a terminal.
4235 z. A bug that caused the output of `jobs' to have extra carriage returns
4238 aa. A bug that caused PIPESTATUS to not be set when builtins or shell
4239 functions were executed in the foreground was fixed.
4241 bb. Bash now attempts to detect when it is being run by sshd, and treats
4242 that case identically to being run by rshd.
4244 cc. A bug that caused `set -a' to export SHELLOPTS when one of the shell
4245 options was changed was fixed.
4247 dd. The `kill' builtin now disallows empty or missing process id arguments
4248 instead of treating them as identical to `0', which means the current
4251 ee. `var=value declare -x var' now behaves identically to
4252 `var=value export var'. Similarly for `var=value declare -r var' and
4253 `var=value readonly var'.
4255 ff. A few memory leaks were fixed.
4257 gg. `alias' and `unalias' now print error messages when passed an argument
4258 that is not an alias for printing or deletion, even when the shell is
4259 not interactive, as POSIX.2 specifies.
4261 hh. `alias' and `alias -p' now return a status of 0 when no aliases are
4262 defined, as POSIX.2 specifes.
4264 ii. `cd -' now prints the pathname of the new working directory if the shell
4267 jj. A fix was made so that the code that binds $PWD now copes with getcwd()
4270 kk. `unset' now checks whether or not a function name it's trying to unset
4271 is a valid shell identifier only when the shell is running in posix mode.
4273 ll. A change was made to the code that generates filenames for here documents
4274 to make them less prone to name collisions.
4276 mm. The parser was changed so that `time' is recognized as a reserved word
4277 only at the beginning of a pipeline.
4279 nn. The pathname canonicalization code was changed so that `//' is converted
4280 into `/', but all other pathnames beginning with `//' are left alone, as
4283 oo. The `logout' builtin will no longer exit a non-interactive non-login
4286 2. Changes to Readline
4288 a. Fixed a problem in the readline test program rltest.c that caused a core
4291 b. The code that handles parser directives in inputrc files now displays
4292 more error messages.
4294 c. The history expansion code was fixed so that the appearance of the
4295 history comment character at the beginning of a word inhibits history
4296 expansion for that word and the rest of the input line.
4298 3. New Features in Bash
4300 a. A new version of malloc, based on the older GNU malloc, that has many
4301 changes, is more page-based, is more conservative with memory usage,
4302 and does not `orphan' large blocks when they are freed.
4304 b. A new version of gmalloc, based on the old GLIBC malloc, with many
4305 changes and range checking included by default.
4307 c. A new implementation of fnmatch(3) that includes full POSIX.2 Basic
4308 Regular Expression matching, including character classes, collating
4309 symbols, equivalence classes, and support for case-insensitive pattern
4312 d. ksh-88 egrep-style extended pattern matching ([@+*?!](patlist)) has been
4313 implemented, controlled by a new `shopt' option, `extglob'.
4315 e. There is a new ksh-like `[[' compound command, which implements
4316 extended `test' functionality.
4318 f. There is a new `printf' builtin, implemented according to the POSIX.2
4321 g. There is a new feature for command substitution: $(< filename) now expands
4322 to the contents of `filename', with any trailing newlines removed
4323 (equivalent to $(cat filename)).
4325 h. There are new tilde prefixes which expand to directories from the
4328 i. There is a new `**' arithmetic operator to do exponentiation.
4330 j. There are new configuration options to control how bash is linked:
4331 `--enable-profiling', to allow bash to be profiled with gprof, and
4332 `--enable-static-link', to allow bash to be linked statically.
4334 k. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-cond-command', which
4335 controls whether or not the `[[' command is included. It is on by
4338 l. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-extended-glob', which
4339 controls whether or not the ksh extended globbing feature is included.
4340 It is enabled by default.
4342 m. There is a new configuration #define in config.h.top that, when enabled,
4343 will cause all login shells to source /etc/profile and one of the user-
4344 specific login shell startup files, whether or not the shell is
4347 n. There is a new invocation option, `--dump-po-strings', to dump
4348 a shell script's translatable strings ($"...") in GNU `po' format.
4350 o. There is a new `shopt' option, `nocaseglob', to enable case-insensitive
4351 pattern matching when globbing filenames and using the `case' construct.
4353 p. There is a new `shopt' option, `huponexit', which, when enabled, causes
4354 the shell to send SIGHUP to all jobs when an interactive login shell
4357 q. `bind' has a new `-u' option, which takes a readline function name as an
4358 argument and unbinds all key sequences bound to that function in a
4361 r. `disown' now has `-a' and `-r' options, to limit operation to all jobs
4362 and running jobs, respectively.
4364 s. The `shopt' `-p' option now causes output to be displayed in a reusable
4367 t. `test' has a new `-N' option, which returns true if the filename argument
4368 has been modified since it was last accessed.
4370 u. `umask' now has a `-p' option to print output in a reusable format.
4372 v. A new escape sequence, `\xNNN', has been added to the `echo -e' and $'...'
4373 translation code. It expands to the character whose ascii code is NNN
4376 w. The prompt string expansion code has a new `\r' escape sequence.
4378 x. The shell may now be cross-compiled for the CYGWIN32 environment on
4381 4. New Features in Readline
4383 a. There is now an option for `iterative' yank-last-arg handline, so a user
4384 can keep entering `M-.', yanking the last argument of successive history
4387 b. New variable, `print-completions-horizontally', which causes completion
4388 matches to be displayed across the screen (like `ls -x') rather than up
4389 and down the screen (like `ls').
4391 c. New variable, `completion-ignore-case', which causes filename completion
4392 and matching to be performed case-insensitively.
4394 d. There is a new bindable command, `magic-space', which causes history
4395 expansion to be performed on the current readline buffer and a space to
4396 be inserted into the result.
4398 e. There is a new bindable command, `menu-complete', which enables tcsh-like
4399 menu completion (successive executions of menu-complete insert a single
4400 completion match, cycling through the list of possible completions).
4402 f. There is a new bindable command, `paste-from-clipboard', for use on Win32
4403 systems, to insert the text from the Win32 clipboard into the editing
4406 g. The key sequence translation code now understands printf-style backslash
4407 escape sequences, including \NNN octal escapes. These escape sequences
4408 may be used in key sequence definitions or macro values.
4410 h. An `$include' inputrc file parser directive has been added.
4412 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4413 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01.1-release,
4414 and the previous version, bash-2.01-release.
4418 a. The select command was fixed to check the validity of the user's
4419 input more strenuously.
4421 b. A bug was fixed that prevented `time' from timing commands correctly
4422 when supplied as an argument to `bash -c'.
4424 c. A fix was made to the mail checking code to keep from adding the same
4425 mail file to the list of files to check multiple times when parsing
4428 d. Fixed an off-by-one error in the tilde expansion library.
4430 e. When using the compound array assignment syntax, the old value of
4431 the array is cleared before assigning the new value.
4433 f. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when a trap handler was reset
4434 to the default in the trap command associated with that signal.
4436 g. Fixed a bug in the locale code that occurred when assigning a value
4439 h. A change was made to the parser so that words of the form xxx=(...)
4440 are not considered compound assignment statements unless there are
4441 characters before the `='.
4443 i. A fix was made to the command tracing code to correctly quote each
4446 j. Some changes were made to the bash-specific autoconf tests to make them
4449 k. Completion of words with globbing characters now correctly quotes the
4452 l. The directory /var/spool/mail is now preferred to /usr/spool/mail when
4453 configure is deciding on the default mail directory.
4455 m. The brace completion code was fixed to not quote the `{' and `}'.
4457 n. Some fixes were made to make $RANDOM more random in subshells.
4459 o. System-specific changes were made to configure for: SVR4.2
4461 p. Changes were made so that completion of words containing globbing chars
4462 substitutes the result only if a single filename was matched.
4464 q. The window size is now recomputed after a job is stopped with SIGTSTP if
4465 the user has set `checkwinsize' with `shopt'.
4467 r. When doing substring expansion, out-of-range substring specifiers now
4468 cause nothing to be substituted rather than an expansion error.
4470 s. A fix was made so that you can no longer trap `SIGEXIT' or `SIGDEBUG' --
4471 only `EXIT' and `DEBUG' are accepted.
4473 t. The display of trapped signals now uses the signal number if signals
4474 for which bash does not know the name are trapped.
4476 u. A fix was made so that `bash -r' does not turn on restricted mode until
4477 after the startup files are executed.
4479 v. A bug was fixed that occasionally caused a core dump when a variable
4480 found in the temporary environment of export/declare/readonly had a
4483 w. A bug that occasionally caused unallocated memory to be passed to free()
4484 when doing arithmetic substitution was fixed.
4486 x. A bug that caused a buffer overrun when expanding a prompt string
4487 containing `\w' and ${#PWD} exceeded PATH_MAX was fixed.
4489 y. A problem with the completion code that occasionally caused it to
4490 refer to a character before the beginning of the readline line buffer
4493 z. A bug was fixed so that the `read' builtin restarts reads when
4494 interrupted by signals other than SIGINT.
4496 aa. Fixed a bug that caused a command to be freed twice when there was
4497 an evaluation error in the `eval' command.
4499 2. Changes to Readline
4501 a. Added a missing `extern' to a declaration in readline.h that kept
4502 readline from compiling cleanly on some systems.
4504 b. The history file is now opened with mode 0600 when it is written for
4507 c. Changes were made to the SIGWINCH handling code so that prompt redisplay
4510 d. ^G now interrupts incremental searches correctly.
4512 e. A bug that caused a core dump when the set of characters to be quoted
4513 when completing words was empty was fixed.
4515 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4516 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-release,
4517 and the previous version, bash-2.01-beta2.
4521 a. The `distclean' target should remove the `printenv' executable if it
4524 b. The test suite was changed slightly to ensure that the error messages
4525 are printed in English.
4527 c. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when a filename containing a
4528 `/' was passed to `hash' was fixed.
4530 d. Pathname canonicalization now leaves a leading `//' intact, as POSIX.1
4533 e. A memory leak when completing commands was fixed.
4535 f. A memory leak that occurred when checking the hash table for commands
4536 with relative paths was fixed.
4538 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4539 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-beta2,
4540 and the previous version, bash-2.01-beta1.
4544 a. The `ulimit' builtin translates RLIM_INFINITY to the hard limit only if
4545 the current (soft) limit is less than or equal to the hard limit.
4547 b. Fixed a bug that caused the bash emulation of strcasecmp to produce
4550 c. A bug that caused memory to be freed twice when a trap handler resets
4551 the trap more than once was fixed.
4553 d. A bug that caused machines where sizeof (pointer) > sizeof (int) to
4554 fail (and possibly dump core) when trying to unwind-protect a null
4557 e. The startup files should not be run with job control enabled. This fix
4558 allows SIGINT to once again interrupt startup file execution.
4560 f. Bash should not change the SIGPROF handler if it is set to something
4563 g. The completion code that provides bash-specific completions for readline
4564 now quotes characters that the readline code would treat as word break
4565 characters if they appear in a file name.
4567 h. The completion code now correctly quotes filenames containing a `!',
4568 even if the user attempted to use double quotes when attempting
4571 i. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when `disown' was called without
4572 arguments and there was no current job was fixed.
4574 j. A construct like $((foo);bar) is now processed as a command substitution
4575 rather than as a bad arithmetic substitution.
4577 k. A couple of bugs that caused `fc' to not obey the `cmdhist' and `lithist'
4578 shell options when editing and re-executing a series of commands were
4581 l. A fix was made to the grammar -- the list of commands between `do' and
4582 `done' in the body of a `for' command should be treated the same as a
4585 2. Changes to Readline
4587 a. A couple of bugs that caused the history search functions to attempt to
4588 free a NULL pointer were fixed.
4590 b. If the C library provides setlocale(3), readline does not need to look
4591 at various environment variables to decide whether or not to go into
4592 eight-bit mode automatically -- just check whether the current locale
4593 is not `C' or `POSIX'.
4595 c. If the filename completion function finds that a directory was not closed
4596 by a previous (interrupted) completion, it closes the directory with
4599 3. New Features in Bash
4601 a. New bindable readline commands: history-and-alias-expand-line and
4602 alias-expand-line. The code was always in there, there was just no
4605 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4606 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-beta1,
4607 and the previous version, bash-2.01-alpha1.
4611 a. Fixed a problem that could cause file descriptors used for process
4612 substitution to conflict with those used explicitly in redirections.
4614 b. Made it easier to regenerate configure if the user changes configure.in.
4616 c. ${GROUPS[0]} should always be the primary group, even on systems without
4619 d. Spelling correction is no longer enabled by default.
4621 e. Fixes to quoting problems in `bashbug'.
4623 f. OS-specific configuration changes were made for: Irix 6.
4625 g. OS-specific code changes were made for: QNX.
4627 h. A more meaningful message is now printed when the file in /tmp for a
4628 here document cannot be created.
4630 i. Many changes to the shell's variable initialization code to speed
4631 non-interactive startup.
4633 j. Changes to the non-job-control code so that it does not try to open
4636 k. The output of `set' and `export' is once again sorted, as POSIX wants.
4638 l. Fixed a problem caused by a recursive call reparsing the value of
4641 m. The tilde code no longer calls getenv() when it's compiled as part of
4642 the shell, which should eliminate problems on systems that cannot
4643 redefine getenv(), like the NeXT OS.
4645 n. Fixed a problem that caused `bash -o' or `bash +o' to not list all
4648 o. Fixed `ulimit' to convert RLIM_INFINITY to the appropriate hard limit
4649 only if the hard limit is greater than the current (soft) limit.
4651 p. Fixed a problem that arose when building bash in a different directory
4652 than the source and y.tab.[ch] were remade with something other than
4653 bison. This came up most often on NetBSD.
4655 q. Fixed a problem with completion -- it thought that `pwd`/[TAB] indicated
4656 an unfinished command completion (`/), which generated errors.
4658 r. The bash special tilde expansions (~-, ~+) are now attempted before
4659 calling the standard tilde expansion code, which should eliminate the
4660 problems people have been seeing with this on Solaris 2.5.1.
4662 s. Added support for <stdarg.h> to places where it was missing.
4664 t. Changed the code that reads the output of a command substitution to not
4665 go through stdio. This reduces the memory requirements and is faster.
4667 u. A number of changes to speed up export environment creation were made.
4669 v. A number of memory leaks were fixed as the result of running the test
4670 scripts through Purify.
4672 w. Fixed a bug that caused subshells forked to interpret executable
4673 scripts without a leading `#!' to not reinitialize the values of
4676 2. Changes to Readline
4678 a. History library has less `#ifdef SHELL' code -- abstracted stuff out
4679 into application-specific function hooks.
4681 b. Readline no longer calls getenv() if it's compiled as part of the shell,
4682 which should eliminate problems on systems that cannot redefine getenv(),
4685 c. Fixed translation of ESC when `untranslating' macro values.
4687 d. The region kill operation now fixes the mark if it ends up beyond the
4688 boundaries of the line after the region is deleted.
4690 3. New Features in Bash
4692 a. New argument for `configure': `--with-curses'. This can be used to
4693 override the selection of the termcap library on systems where it is
4696 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4697 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-alpha1,
4698 and the previous version, bash-2.0-release.
4702 a. System-specific configuration changes for: FreeBSD, SunOS4, Irix,
4703 MachTen, QNX 4.2, Harris Night Hawk, SunOS5.
4705 b. System-specific code changes were made for: Linux, 4.4 BSD, QNX 4.2,
4708 c. A bug that caused the exec builtin to fail because the full pathname of
4709 the command could not be found was fixed.
4711 d. The code that performs output redirections is now more resistant to
4712 race conditions and possible security exploits.
4714 e. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing pattern
4715 substitutions on variable values was fixed.
4717 f. More hosts are now recognized by the auto-configuration mechanism
4718 (OpenBSD, QNX, others).
4720 g. Assignments to read-only variables that attempt to convert them to
4721 arrays are now errors.
4723 h. A bug that caused shell scripts using array assignments in POSIX mode
4724 to exit after the assignment was performed was fixed.
4726 i. The substring expansion code is now more careful about running off the
4727 ends of the expanded variable value.
4729 j. A bug that caused completion to fail if a backquoted command substitution
4730 appeared anywhere on the line was fixed.
4732 k. The `source' builtin no longer turns off history if it has been enabled
4733 in a non-interactive shell.
4735 l. A bug that caused the shell to crash when `disown' was given a pid
4736 instead of a job number was fixed.
4738 m. The `cd' spelling correction code will not try to change to `.' if no
4739 directory entries match a single-character argument.
4741 n. A bad variable name supplied to `declare', `export', or `readonly' no
4742 longer causes a non-interactive shell in POSIX mode to exit.
4744 o. Some fixes were made to the test suite to handle peculiarities of
4745 various Unix versions.
4747 p. The bash completion code now quotes characters that readline would
4748 treat as word breaks for completion but are not shell metacharacters.
4750 q. Bad options supplied at invocation now cause a usage message to be
4753 r. Fixes were made to the code that handles DEBUG traps so that the trap
4754 string is not freed inappropriately.
4756 s. Some changes were made to the bash debugger in examples/bashdb -- it
4757 should be closer to working now.
4759 t. A problem that caused the default filename used for mail checking to be
4762 u. A fix was made to the `echo' builtin so that NUL characters printed with
4763 `echo -e' do not cause the output to be truncated.
4765 v. A fix was made to the job control code so that the shell behaves better
4766 when monitor mode is enabled in a non-interactive shell.
4768 w. Bash no longer catches all of the terminating signals in a non-
4769 interactive shell until a trap is set on EXIT, which should result in
4772 x. A fix was made to the command timing code so that `time' can be used in
4775 y. A fix was made to the parser so that `((cmd); cmd2)' is now parsed as
4776 a nested subshell rather than strictly as an (erroneous) arithmetic
4779 z. A fix was made to the globbing code so that it correctly matches quoted
4780 filenames beginning with a `.'.
4782 aa. A bug in `fc' that caused some multi-line commands to not be stored as
4783 one command in the history when they were re-executed after editing
4784 (with `fc -e') was fixed.
4786 bb. The `ulimit' builtin now attempts to catch some classes of integer
4789 cc. The command-oriented-history code no longer attempts to add `;'
4790 inappropriately when a newline appears while reading a $(...) command
4793 dd. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when `help --' was executed
4796 ee. A bug that caused the shell to crash when an unset variable appeared
4797 in the body of a here document after `set -u' had been executed was
4800 ff. Implicit input redirections from /dev/null for asynchronous commands
4801 are now handled better.
4803 gg. A bug that caused the shell to fail to compile when configured with
4804 `--disable-readline' was fixed.
4806 hh. The globbing code should now be interruptible.
4808 ii. Bash now notices when the `kill' builtin is used to send SIGCONT to a
4809 stopped job and adjusts the data structures accordingly, as if `bg' had
4810 been executed instead.
4812 jj. A bug that caused the shell to crash when mixing calls to `getopts'
4813 and `shift' on the same set of positional parameters was fixed.
4815 kk. The command printing code now preserves the `-p' flag to `time'.
4817 ll. The command printing code now handles here documents better when there
4818 are other redirections associated with the command.
4820 mm. The special glibc environment variable (NNN_GNU_nonoption_argv_flags_)
4821 is no longer placed into the environment of executed commands -- users
4822 of glibc had too many problems with it.
4824 nn. Reorganized the code that generates signames.h. The signal_names list
4825 is now more complete but may be slightly different (SIGABRT is favored
4826 over SIGIOT, for example). The preferred signal names are those
4827 listed in the POSIX.2 standard.
4829 oo. `bashbug' now uses a filename shorter than 14 characters for its
4830 temporary file, and asks for confirmation before sending the bug
4833 pp. A bug that caused TAB completion in vi editing mode to not be turned
4834 off when `set -o posix' was executed or back on when `set +o posix'
4835 was executed was fixed.
4837 qq. A bug in the brace expansion code that caused brace expansions appearing
4838 in new-style $(...) command substitutions to be inappropriately expanded
4841 rr. A bug in the readline hook shell-expand-line that could cause memory to
4842 be inappropriately freed was fixed.
4844 ss. A bug that caused some arithmetic expressions containing `&&' and `||'
4845 to be parsed with the wrong precedence has been fixed.
4847 tt. References to unbound variables after `set -u' has been executed now
4848 cause the shell to exit immediately, as they should.
4850 uu. A bug that caused the shell to exit inappropriately when `set -e' had
4851 been executed and a command's return status was being inverted with the
4852 `!' reserved word was fixed.
4854 vv. A bug that could occasionally cause the shell to crash with a
4855 divide-by-zero error when timing a command was fixed.
4857 ww. A bug that caused parameter pattern substitution to leave stray
4858 backslashes in the replacement string when the expression is in
4859 double quotes was fixed.
4861 xx. The `break' and `continue' builtins now break out of all loops when an
4862 invalid count argument is supplied.
4864 yy. Fixed a bug that caused PATH to be set to the empty string if
4865 `command -p' is executed with PATH unset.
4867 zz. Fixed `kill -l signum' to print the signal name without the `SIG' prefix,
4870 aaa. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash while setting $SHELLOPTS
4871 if there were no shell options set.
4873 bbb. Fixed `export -p' and `readonly -p' so that when the shell is in POSIX
4874 mode, their output is as POSIX.2 specifies.
4876 ccc. Fixed a bug in `readonly' so that `readonly -a avar=(...)' actually
4877 creates an array variable.
4879 ddd. Fixed a bug that prevented `time' from correctly timing background
4882 2. Changes to Readline
4884 a. A bug that caused an extra newline to be printed when the cursor was on
4885 an otherwise empty line was fixed.
4887 b. An instance of memory being used after it was freed was corrected.
4889 c. The redisplay code now works when the prompt is longer than the screen
4892 d. `dump-macros' is now a bindable name, as it should have been all along.
4894 e. Non-printable characters are now expanded when displaying macros and
4897 f. The `dump-variables' and `dump-macros' commands now output a leading
4898 newline if they're called as the result of a key sequence, rather
4899 than directly by an application.
4901 3. New Features in Bash
4903 a. There is a new builtin array variable: GROUPS, the set of groups to which
4904 the user belongs. This is used by the test suite.
4906 4. New Features in Readline
4908 a. If a key sequence bound to `universal-argument' is read while reading a
4909 numeric argument started with `universal-argument', it terminates the
4910 argument but is otherwise ignored. This provides a way to insert multiple
4911 instances of a digit string, and is how GNU emacs does it.
4913 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4914 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-release,
4915 and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta3.
4919 a. Fix to the `getopts' builtin so that it does the right thing when a
4920 required option argument is not present.
4922 b. The completion code now updates the common prefix of matched names
4923 after FIGNORE processing is done, since any names that were removed
4924 may have changed the common prefix.
4926 c. Fixed a bug that made messages in MAILPATH entries not work correctly.
4928 d. Fixed a serious documentation error in the description of the new
4929 ${parameter:offset[:length]} expansion.
4931 e. Fixes to make parameter substring expansion ({$param:offset[:length]})
4932 work when within double quotes.
4934 f. Fixes to make ^A (CTLESC) survive an unquoted expansion of positional
4937 g. Corrected a misspelling of `unlimited' in the output of `ulimit'.
4939 h. Fixed a bug that caused executable scripts without a leading `#!' to
4940 occasionally pick up the wrong set of positional parameters.
4942 i. Linux systems now have a working `ulimit -v', using RLIMIT_AS.
4944 j. Updated config.guess so that many more machine types are recognized.
4946 k. Fixed a bug with backslash-quoted slashes in the ${param/pat[/sub]}
4949 l. If the shell is named `-su', and `-c command' is supplied, read and
4950 execute the login shell startup files even though the shell is not
4951 interactive. This is to support the `-' option to `su'.
4953 m. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when the DEBUG trap was ignored
4954 with `trap "" DEBUG' and a shell function was subsequently executed.
4956 n. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps in the read builtin when IFS was
4957 set to the null string and the input had leading whitespace.
4959 2. Changes to Readline
4961 a. Fixed a bug that caused a numeric argument of 1024 to be ignored when
4964 b. Fixed the display code so that the numeric argument is displayed as it's
4967 c. Fixed the numeric argument reading code so that `M-- command' is
4968 equivalent to `M--1 command', as the prompt implies.
4970 3. New Features in Bash
4972 a. `ulimit' now sets both hard and soft limits and reports the soft limit
4973 by default (when neither -H nor -S is specified). This is compatible
4974 with versions of sh and ksh that implement `ulimit'.
4976 b. Integer constants have been extended to base 64.
4978 4. New Features in Readline
4980 a. The `home' and `end' keys are now bound to beginning-of-line and
4981 end-of-line, respectively, if the corresponding termcap capabilities
4984 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4985 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta3,
4986 and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta2.
4990 a. System-specific changes for: AIX 4.2, SCO 3.2v[45], HP-UX.
4992 b. When in POSIX mode, variable assignments preceding a special builtin
4993 persist in the shell environment after the builtin completes.
4995 c. Changed all calls to getwd() to getcwd(). Improved check for systems
4996 where the libc getcwd() calls popen(), since that breaks on some
4997 systems when job control is being used.
4999 d. Fixed a bug that caused seg faults when executing scripts with the
5000 execute bit set but without a leading `#!'.
5002 e. The environment passed to executed commands is never sorted.
5004 f. A bug was fixed in the code that expands ${name[@]} to the number of
5005 elements in an array variable.
5007 g. A bug was fixed in the array compound assignment code ( A=( ... ) ).
5009 h. Window size changes now correctly propagate down to readline if
5010 the shopt `checkwinsize' option is enabled.
5012 i. A fix was made in the code that expands to the length of a variable
5015 j. A fix was made to the command builtin so that it did not turn on the
5016 `no fork' flag inappropriately.
5018 k. A fix was made to make `set -n' work more reliably.
5020 l. A fix was made to the job control initialization code so that the
5021 terminal process group is set to the shell's process group if the
5022 shell changes its own process group.
5024 2. Changes to Readline
5026 a. System-specific changes for: SCO 3.2v[45].
5028 b. The behavior of the vi-mode `.' when redoing an `i' command was changed
5029 to insert the text previously inserted by the `i' command rather than
5030 simply entering insert mode.
5032 3. New features in Bash
5034 a. There is a new version of the autoload function package, in
5035 examples/functions/autoload.v2, that uses arrays and provides more
5038 b. Support for LC_COLLATE and locale-specific sorting of the results of
5039 pathname expansion if strcoll() is available.
5041 4. New Features in Readline
5043 a. Support for locale-specific sorting of completion possibilities if
5044 strcoll() is available.
5046 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5047 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta2,
5048 and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta1.
5052 a. `pushd -' is once again equivalent to `pushd $OLDPWD'.
5054 b. OS-specific changes for: SCO 3.2v[45].
5056 c. A change was made to the fix for the recently-reported security hole
5057 when reading characters with octal value 255 to make it work better on
5058 systems with restartable system calls when not using readline.
5060 d. Some changes were made to the test suite so that it works if you
5061 configure bash with --enable-usg-echo-default.
5063 e. A fix was made to the parsing of conditional arithmetic expressions.
5065 f. Illegal arithmetic bases now cause an arithmetic evaluation error rather
5066 than being silently reset.
5068 g. Multiple arithmetic bases now cause an arithmetic evaluation error
5069 instead of being ignored.
5071 h. A fix was made to the evaluation of ${param?word} to conform to POSIX.2.
5073 i. A bug that sometimes caused array indices to be evaluated twice (which
5074 would cause errors when they contained assignment statements) was fixed.
5076 j. `ulimit' was rewritten to avoid problems with getrlimit(2) returning
5077 unsigned values and to simplify the code.
5079 k. A bug in the command-oriented-history code that caused it to sometimes
5080 put semicolons after right parens inappropriately was fixed.
5082 l. The values inserted into the prompt by the \w and \W escape sequences
5083 are now quoted to prevent further expansion.
5085 m. An interactive shell invoked as `sh' now reads and executes commands
5086 from the file named by $ENV when it starts up. If it's a login shell,
5087 it does this after reading /etc/profile and ~/.profile.
5089 n. The file named by $ENV is never read by non-interactive shells.
5091 2. Changes to Readline
5093 a. A few changes were made to hide some macros and functions that should not
5096 b. An off-by-one error that caused seg faults in the history expansion code
5099 3. New Features in Bash
5101 a. The ksh-style ((...)) arithmetic command was implemented. It is exactly
5102 identical to let "...". This is controlled by a new option to configure,
5103 `--enable-dparen-arithmetic', which is on by default.
5105 b. There is a new #define available in config.h.top: SYS_BASH_LOGOUT. If
5106 defined to a filename, bash reads and executes commands from that file
5107 when a login shell exits. It's commented out by default.
5109 c. `ulimit' has a `-l' option that reports the maximum amount of data that
5110 may be locked into memory on 4.4BSD-based systems.
5112 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5113 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta1,
5114 and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha4.
5118 a. A bug that sometimes caused traps to be ignored on signals the
5119 shell treats specially was fixed.
5121 b. The internationalization code was changed to track the values of
5122 LC_* variables and call setlocale() as appropriate. The TEXTDOMAIN
5123 and TEXTDOMAINDIR variables are also tracked; changes cause calls
5124 to textdomain() and bindtextdomain(), if available.
5126 c. A bug was fixed that sometimes caused double-quoted strings to be
5129 d. Changes were made so that the siglist code compiles correctly on
5132 e. Added `:' to the set of characters that cause word breaks for the
5133 completion code so that pathnames in assignments to $PATH can be
5136 f. The `select' command was fixed to print $PS3 to stderr.
5138 g. Fixed an error in the manual page section describing the effect that
5139 setting and unsetting GLOBIGNORE has on the setting of the `dotglob'
5142 h. The time conversion code now uses CLK_TCK rather than CLOCKS_PER_SEC
5143 on systems without gettimeofday() and resources.
5145 i. The getopt static variables are now initialized each time a subshell
5146 is started, so subshells using `getopts' work right.
5148 j. A sign-extension bug that caused a possible security hole was fixed.
5150 k. The parser now reads characters between backquotes within a double-
5151 quoted string as a single word, so double quotes in the backquoted
5152 string don't terminate the enclosing double-quoted string.
5154 l. A bug that caused `^O' to work incorrectly when typed as the first
5155 thing to an interactive shell was fixed.
5157 m. A rarely-exercised off-by-one error in the code that quotes variable
5160 n. Some memory and file descriptor leaks encountered when running a
5161 shell script that is executable but does not have a leading `#!'
5164 2. Changes to Readline
5166 a. A bug that sometimes caused incorrect results when trying to read
5167 typeahead on systems without FIONREAD was fixed.
5169 3. New Features in Bash
5171 a. The command timing code now uses the value of the TIMEFORMAT variable
5172 to format and display timing statistics.
5174 b. The `time' reserved word now accepts a `-p' option to force the
5175 POSIX.2 output format.
5177 c. There are a couple of new and updated scripts to convert csh startup
5178 files to bash format.
5180 d. There is a new builtin array variable: BASH_VERSINFO. The various
5181 members hold the parts of the version information in BASH_VERSION,
5182 plus the value of MACHTYPE.
5184 4. New Features in Readline
5186 a. Setting LANG to `en_US.ISO8859-1' now causes readline to enter
5189 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5190 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha4,
5191 and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha3.
5195 a. There is better detection of rsh connections on Solaris 2.
5197 b. Assignments to read-only variables preceding a command name are now
5198 variable assignment errors. Variable assignment errors cause
5199 non-interactive shells running in posix mode to exit.
5201 c. The word tokenizer was rewritten to handle nested quotes and pairs
5202 ('', "", ``, ${...}, $(...), $[...], $'...', $"...", <(...), >(...))
5203 correctly. Some of the parameter expansion code was updated as a
5206 d. A fix was made to `test' when given three arguments so that a binary
5207 operator is checked for first, before checking that the first argument
5210 e. 2''>/dev/null is no longer equivalent to 2>/dev/null.
5212 f. Parser error messages were regularized, and in most cases the name of
5213 the shell script being read by a non-interactive shell is not printed
5216 g. A fix was made to the completion code so that it no longer removes the
5217 text the user typed in some cases.
5219 h. The special glibc `getopt' environment variable is no longer put into
5220 the environment on machines with small values of ARG_MAX.
5222 i. The expansion of ${...} now follows the POSIX.2 rules for finding the
5225 j. The shell no longer displays spurious status messages for background
5226 jobs in shell scripts that complete successfully when the script is
5227 run from a terminal.
5229 k. `shopt -o' now correctly updates $SHELLOPTS.
5231 l. A bug that caused the $PATH searching code to return a non-executable
5232 file even when an executable file with the same name appeared later in
5235 m. The shell now does tilde expansions on unquoted `:~' in assignment
5236 statements when not in posix mode.
5238 n. Variable assignment errors when a command consists only of assignments
5239 now cause non-interactive shells to exit when in posix mode.
5241 o. If the variable in a `for' or `select' command is read-only, or not a
5242 legal shell identifier, a variable assignment error occurs.
5244 p. `test' now handles `-a' and `-o' as binary operators when three arguments
5245 are supplied, and correctly parses `( word )' as equivalent to `word'.
5247 q. `test' was fixed so that file names of the form /dev/fd/NN mean the same
5248 thing on all systems, even Linux.
5250 r. Fixed a bug in the globbing code that caused patterns with multiple
5251 consecutive `*'s to not be matched correctly.
5253 s. Fixed a bug that caused $PS2 to not be printed when an interactive shell
5254 not using readline is reading a here document.
5256 t. Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to be performed inappropriately
5257 when a single-quoted string spanned more than one line.
5259 u. `getopts' now checks that the variable name passed by the user as the
5260 second argument is a legal shell identifier and that the variable is
5263 v. Fixed `getopts' to obey POSIX.2 rules for setting $OPTIND when it
5264 encounters an error.
5266 w. Fixed `set' to display variable values in a form that can be re-read.
5268 x. Fixed a bug in the code that keeps track of whether or not local variables
5269 have been declared at the current level of function nesting.
5271 y. Non-interactive shells in posix mode now exit if the name in a function
5272 declaration is not a legal identifier.
5274 z. The job control code now ignores stopped children when the shell is not
5277 aa. The `cd' builtin no longer attempts spelling correction on the directory
5278 name if the shell is not interactive, regardless of the setting of the
5281 bb. Some OS-specific changes were made for SCO 3.2v[45] and AIX 4.2.
5283 cc. `time' now prints its output to stderr, as POSIX.2 specifies.
5285 2. Fixes to Readline
5287 a. After printing possible completions, all lines of a multi-line prompt
5290 b. Some changes were made to the terminal handling code in rltty.c to
5291 work around AIX 4.2 bugs.
5293 3. New Features in Bash
5295 a. There is a new loadable builtin: sprintf, with calling syntax
5296 sprintf var format [args]
5297 This provides an easy way to simulate ksh left- and right-justified
5300 b. The expansions of \h and \H in prompt strings were swapped. \h now
5301 expands to the hostname up to the first `.', as in bash-1.14.
5303 4. New Features in Readline
5305 a. The bash-1.14 behavior when ^M is typed while doing an incremental
5306 search was restored. ^J may now be used to terminate the search without
5309 b. There is a new bindable variable: disable-completion. This inhibits
5310 word completion and causes the completion character to be inserted as
5311 if it had been bound to self-insert.
5313 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5314 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha3,
5315 and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha2.
5317 There is now a file `COMPAT' included in the distribution that lists the
5318 user-visible incompatibilities between 1.14 and 2.0.
5322 a. Some work was done so that word splitting of the rhs of assignment
5323 statements conforms more closely to historical practice.
5325 b. A couple of errant memory frees were fixed.
5327 c. A fix was made to the test builtin so it recognizes `<' and `>' as
5330 d. The GNU malloc in lib/malloc/malloc.c now scrambles memory as it's
5331 allocated and freed. This is to catch callers that refer to freed
5332 memory or assume something about newly-allocated memory.
5334 e. Fixed a problem with conversion to 12-hour time in the prompt
5337 f. Fixed a problem with configure's argument parsing order. Now you can
5338 correctly turn on specific options after using --enable-minimal-config.
5340 g. The configure script now automatically disables the use of GNU malloc
5341 on systems where it's appropriate (better than having people read the
5342 NOTES file and do it manually).
5344 h. There are new prompt expansions (\v and \V) to insert version information
5345 into the prompt strings.
5347 i. The default prompt string now includes the version number.
5349 j. Most of the builtins that take no options were changed to use the
5350 internal getopt so they can produce proper error messages for -?
5351 and incorrect options.
5353 k. Some system-specific changes were made for SVR4.2 and Solaris 2.5.
5355 l. Bash now uses PATH_MAX instead of MAXPATHLEN and NAME_MAX instead of
5358 m. A couple of problems caused by uninitialized variables were fixed.
5360 n. There are a number of new loadable builtin examples: logname, basename,
5361 dirname, tty, pathchk, tee, head, and rmdir. All of these conform to
5364 o. Bash now notices changes in TZ and calls tzset() if present, so
5365 changing TZ will alter the time printed by prompt expansions.
5367 p. The source was reorganized a bit so I don't have to wait so long for
5368 some files to compile, and to facilitate the creation of a `shell
5369 library' at some future point.
5371 q. Bash no longer turns off job control if called as `sh', since the
5372 POSIX.2 spec includes job control as a standard feature.
5374 r. `bash -o posix' now works as intended.
5376 s. Fixed a problem with the completion code: when completing a filename
5377 that contained globbing characters, if show-all-if-ambiguous was set,
5378 the completion code would remove the user's text.
5380 t. Fixed ulimit so that (hopefully) the full range of limits is available
5383 u. A new `shopt' option (`hostcomplete') enables and disables hostname
5386 v. The shell no longer attempts to save the history on an abort(),
5387 which is usually called by programming_error().
5389 w. The `-s' option to `fc' was changed to echo the command to be executed
5390 to stderr instead of stdout.
5392 x. If the editor invoked by `fc -e' exits with a non-zero status, no
5393 commands are executed.
5395 y. Fixed a bug that made the shopt `histverify' option work incorrectly.
5397 z. There is a new variable `MACHTYPE' whose value is the GNU-style
5398 `cpu-company-system' system description as set by configure. (The
5399 values of MACHTYPE and HOSTTYPE should really be swapped.)
5401 aa. The `ulimit' builtin now allows the maximum virtual memory size to be
5402 set via setrlimit(2) if RLIMIT_VMEM is defined.
5404 bb. `bash -nc 'command'' no longer runs `command'.
5406 2. Changes to Readline
5408 a. Fixed a typo in the code that checked for FIONREAD in input.c.
5410 b. Fixed a bug in the code that outputs keybindings, so things like C-\
5411 are quoted properly.
5413 c. Fixed a bug in the inputrc file parsing code to handle the problems
5414 caused by inputrc files created from the output of `bind -p' in
5415 previous versions of bash. The problem was due to the bug fixed
5418 d. Readline no longer turns off the terminal's meta key, and turns it on
5419 once the first time it's called.
5421 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5422 This file documents the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha2,
5423 and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha.
5427 a. The shell no longer thinks directories are executable.
5429 b. `disown' has a new option, `h', which inhibits the resending of SIGHUP
5430 but does not remove the job from the jobs table.
5432 c. The varargs functions in error.c now use ANSI-C `stdarg' if available.
5434 d. The build process now treats the `build version' in .build as local to
5435 the build directory, so different versions built from the same source
5436 tree have different `build versions'.
5438 e. Some problems with the grammar have been fixed. (It used `list' in a few
5439 productions where `compound_list' was needed. A `list' must be terminated
5440 with a newline or semicolon; a `compound_list' need not be.)
5442 f. A fix was made to keep `wait' from hanging when waiting for all background
5445 g. `bash --help' now writes its output to stdout, like the GNU Coding Standards
5446 specify, and includes the machine type (the value of MACHTYPE).
5448 h. `bash --version' now prints more information and exits successfully, like
5449 the GNU Coding Standards specify.
5451 i. The output of `time' and `times' now prints fractional seconds with three
5452 places after the decimal point.
5454 j. A bug that caused process substitutions to screw up the pipeline printed
5455 by `jobs' was fixed.
5457 k. Fixes were made to the code that implements $'...' and $"..." so they
5460 l. The process substitution code now opens named pipes for reading with
5461 O_NONBLOCK to avoid hanging.
5463 m. Fixes were made to the trap code so the shell cleans up correctly if the
5464 trap command contains a `return' and we're executing a function or
5465 sourcing a script with `.'.
5467 n. Fixes to doc/Makefile.in so that it doesn't try to remake all of the
5468 documentation (ps, dvi, etc.) on a `make install'.
5470 o. Fixed an auto-increment error that caused bash -c args to sometimes dump
5473 p. Fixed a bug that caused $HISTIGNORE to fail when the history line
5474 contained globbing characters.
5476 2. Changes to Readline
5478 a. There is a new string variable, rl_library_version, available for use by
5479 applications. The current value is "2.1".
5481 b. A bug encountered when expand-tilde was enabled and file completion was
5482 attempted on a word beginning with `~/' was fixed.
5484 c. A slight change was made to the incremental search termination behavior.
5485 ESC still terminates the search, but if input is pending or arrives
5486 within 0.1 seconds (on systems with select(2)), it is used as a prefix
5487 character. This is intented to allow users to terminate searches with
5488 the arrow keys and get the behavior they expect.