bash-4.4 rc1 release

[thirdparty/bash.git] / doc / builtins.ps

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-.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 192 S 2.5(yt).1 G
(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad53>144 204 Q F0
(Display)180 204 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys)
-.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G
(utput.)-2.5 E F1<ad76>144 216 Q F0(Display)180 216 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G
(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E
(alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G
(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad56>144 228 Q F0(List current)180 228 Q F1
-.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E
(alues.)-.25 E F1<ad66>144 240 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 252 Q
.3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
<ad71>144 264 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 276 Q -.15
(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H(he named).1
E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 288 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0
(Unbind all k)180 300 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G(ound to the named)
-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad72>144 312 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)
-.2 E F0(Remo)180 324 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15(ny c).15 H
(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(.)A F1<ad78>144
336 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)
180 348 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G
(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)
4.325 E(mand)180 360 Q F0 1.764(is e)4.264 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765
(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE)
4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765(riable to the contents of the).25 F F1
-.18(re)180 372 S(adline).18 E F0 1.353(line b)3.853 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353
(fer and the)-.25 F F3(READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353
(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.011(insertion point.)180
384 R 2.011(If the e)7.011 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011
(cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F3
(READLINE_LINE)4.512 E F0(or)4.262 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 396 Q/F4 9
/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G
(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F1<ad58>144 408
Q F0 .83(List all k)180 408 R 1.13 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829
(equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for)
.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 420 Q(The return v)
144 436.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5
E F1(br)108 453.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .054
(Exit from within a)144 465.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1
(while)2.554 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1
(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055
(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.415 E F0 .055(must be)2.795 F/F5 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.555
E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 477.6 Q F2(n)3.075 E F0 .215(is greater than the\
 number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.955 F 2.714
(xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144
489.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2
(bu)108 506.4 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E
F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 518.4 Q .792
(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .792(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2
(ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293
F .793(xit status.)-.15 F .793(This is useful)5.793 F .616
(when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144
530.4 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144
542.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0
-.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E
5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 554.4 Q(alse if)-.1
E F2(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E
(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 571.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr)
.2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 583.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F
2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254
(ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F1(sour)144 595.2 Q
(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.824 G 2.824(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2
(ex)2.824 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.824 E F0 .324
(displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F
.254(subroutine call.)144 607.2 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15
G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15
F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .253
(displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\
tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\
ent e)144 619.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001
(This e)144 631.2 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001
(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E
3.019(0. The)144 643.2 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519
(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52
(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52
(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 655.2 Q
(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 672 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
<ad4c>A F0(|[)A F1<ad50>A F0([)2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F2
(dir)A F0(])A .322(Change the current directory to)144 684 R F2(dir)
2.822 E F0 5.322(.i)C(f)-5.322 E F2(dir)2.822 E F0 .321
(is not supplied, the v)2.822 F .321(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HOME)2.821 E
F0 .321(shell v)2.571 F .321(ariable is)-.25 F 1.035(the def)144 696 R
3.535(ault. An)-.1 F 3.535(ya)-.15 G 1.035(dditional ar)-3.535 F 1.035
(guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F2(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.)
3.535 F 1.036(The v)6.035 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(CDP)3.536 E -.855(AT)-.666
G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.286 E .85
(the search path for the directory containing)144 708 R F2(dir)3.35 E F0
3.35(:e).73 G .849(ach directory name in)-3.35 F F3(CDP)3.349 E -.855
(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .849(is searched for)3.099 F F2(dir)144 720 Q F0
5.664(.A)C(lternati)-5.664 E .964 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665
(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0
.665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .665
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1.662(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F1(CDP)144 96 Q -.855(AT)
-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .19(is not used.)2.44 F(The)5.191 E F2<ad50>2.691 E
F0 .191(option causes)2.691 F F2(cd)2.691 E F0 .191(to use the ph)2.691
F .191(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F 1.12
(symbolic links while tra)144 108 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F3(dir)
3.62 E F0 1.12(and before processing instances of)3.62 F F3(..)3.62 E F0
(in)3.62 E F3(dir)3.62 E F0 1.12(\(see also the)3.62 F F2<ad50>3.62 E F0
.395(option to the)144 120 R F2(set)2.895 E F0 -.2(bu)2.895 G .395
(iltin command\); the).2 F F2<ad4c>2.895 E F0 .395
(option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.895 F .395(wed by resolv-)
-.25 F .444(ing the link after processing instances of)144 132 R F3(..)
2.943 E F0(in)2.943 E F3(dir)2.943 E F0 5.443(.I)C(f)-5.443 E F3(..)
2.943 E F0 .443(appears in)2.943 F F3(dir)2.943 E F0 2.943(,i)C 2.943
(ti)-2.943 G 2.943(sp)-2.943 G .443(rocessed by remo)-2.943 F(ving)-.15
E .744(the immediately pre)144 144 R .744(vious pathname component from)
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F .744(ginning of)-.15 F F3(dir)3.244 E F0(.)A 1.466(If the)144 156 R F2
<ad65>3.966 E F0 1.466(option is supplied with)3.966 F F2<ad50>3.965 E
F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.465
(orking directory cannot be successfully)-.1 F .467
(determined after a successful directory change,)144 168 R F2(cd)2.968 E
F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .468(On systems)
5.468 F .337(that support it, the)144 180 R F2<ad40>2.837 E F0 .336
(option presents the e)2.836 F .336(xtended attrib)-.15 F .336
(utes associated with a \214le as a directory)-.2 F(.)-.65 E .71(An ar)
144 192 R .71(gument of)-.18 F F2<ad>3.21 E F0 .71(is con)3.21 F -.15
(ve)-.4 G .71(rted to).15 F F1($OLDPWD)3.21 E F0 .71
(before the directory change is attempted.)2.96 F .71(If a non-)5.71 F
.107(empty directory name from)144 204 R F1(CDP)2.607 E -.855(AT)-.666 G
(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.357 F F2<ad>2.607 E F0 .106
(is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .106(gument, and the directory change)-.18 F
.038(is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 216 R 2.538(ww)
-.25 G .038(orking directory is written to the standard output.)-2.638 F
(The return v)144 228 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E
(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F2(command)108
244.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255pVv)A F0(])A F3(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3
(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 256.8 Q F3(command)2.765 E F0(with)
3.335 E F3(ar)2.895 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065
(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.835 F .064(Only b)5.064
F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 268.8 R
F1 -.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F2<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi)
3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F3(command)3.202 E
F0(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 280.8 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4
(alue for)-.25 F F1 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399
(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If)
5.399 E .174(either the)144 292.8 R F2<ad56>2.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F2
<ad76>2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F3
(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F2<ad76>2.675 E
F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 304.8 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F
.817(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)
-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087
F F2<ad56>144 316.8 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249
(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F2<ad56>2.749 E F0(or)
2.749 E F2<ad76>2.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25
(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 328.8 R F3(command)3.705 E F0 -.1
(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004
(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F3
(command)144.2 340.8 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599
(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599
(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 352.8 S
(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F3(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F2
(compgen)108 369.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(wor)-2.5 E(d)
-.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 381.6 R
F3(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F3(option)2.513
E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981
(accepted by the)144 393.6 R F2(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981
(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F2<ad70>3.481 E F0(and)
3.481 E F2<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the)
-3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 405.6 R .131(When using the)5.131 F
F2<ad46>2.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F2<ad43>2.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)
2.631 F .13(arious shell v)-.25 F .13(ariables set by the program-)-.25
F(mable completion f)144 417.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G
(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25
E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 441.6 R .352
(ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\
em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144
453.6 R(If)5.02 E F3(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only)
2.52 F(those completions matching)144 465.6 Q F3(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0
(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 489.6 Q
(alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F2
(complete)108 506.4 Q F0([)3.728 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.728(][)C
F2<ad6f>-3.728 E F3(comp-option)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2(\255DE)-3.728 E
F0 3.728(][)C F2<ad41>-3.728 E F3(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2<ad47>
-3.728 E F3(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.729(][)C F2<ad57>-3.729 E F3(wor)3.729
E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.729(][)C F2<ad46>-3.729 E F3(func-)3.729 E(tion)108
518.4 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F3(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 530.4 Q
F2<ad58>A F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad50>-2.5 E F3(pr)2.5 E
(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad53>-2.5 E F3(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])
A F3(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(name ...)A F0(])A F2(complete \255pr)108
542.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E
.634(Specify ho)144 554.4 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634
(uments to each).18 F F3(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134
F .633(If the)5.634 F F2<ad70>3.133 E F0 .633
(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e)144
566.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15
F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)
144 578.4 R(The)5.31 E F2<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F3
(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E
F3(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.346
(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 590.4 R(The)6.347 E
F2<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.347(option indicates that the remaining options)
3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 602.4 R(`def)-.74 E
(ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5
(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144
614.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955
(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F2<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955
(option indicates that)3.455 F .065
(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 626.4 R
(`empty')-.74 E 2.564('c)-.74 G .064
(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.564 F
(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 638.4 Q 1.437
(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144
662.4 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144
674.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E
(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556
(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 698.4 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555
(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555
(guments to the)-.18 F F2<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F2<ad57>3.055 E F0 3.055
(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F2<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary)
144 710.4 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F2<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E
F2<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723
(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E
(sion before the)144 722.4 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q
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E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6f>144 84 Q/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 96 Q F2(comp-option)
2.791 E F0 .291(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291
(ral aspects of the compspec').15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291
(vior be)-.2 F .291(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)
184 108 Q F2(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184
120 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 132 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)
2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F
(matches.)224 144 Q F1(default)184 156 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 156
R 5.376(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875
(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.)
224 168 Q F1(dir)184 180 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\
etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 192 Q F1(\214lenames)184
204 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 216 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \
\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E
.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 228 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134
(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45
(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 240 R .45
(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 252 Q F1(noquote)
184 264 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 264 S .814
(ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F
3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F
(\214lenames is the def)224 276 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 288 Q F0
-.7(Te)224 288 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\
ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 300 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 300 S
.22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1
F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 312 Q F1
(plusdirs)184 324 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 324 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985
(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F
.583(completion is attempted and an)224 336 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584
(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 348
Q F1<ad41>144 360 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 372 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0
(may be one of the follo)2.5 E
(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184
384 Q F0(Alias names.)224 384 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>
2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 396 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 408 Q
(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 420 Q(Readline)224 420 Q F0 -.1
(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 432 S(iltin)
.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 432 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E
(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 444
Q F0(Command names.)224 456 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5
E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 468 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 480 Q
(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 492
Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 504 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184
516 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 516 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184
528 Q F0(Names of e)224 528 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May)
-.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184
540 Q F0(File names.)224 540 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>
2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 552 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 564
Q F1(gr)184 576 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 576 Q
(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184
588 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 600 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2
(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 612 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 624
Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 636 Q F0
(Job names, if job control is acti)224 636 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G
(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 648 S
(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 660 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May)
-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184
672 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 672 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 684 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 684
Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 696
Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 696 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5
E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1
(shopt)184 708 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 708 Q F1
(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q
(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(4)203.725 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(signal)184 84 Q F0
(Signal names.)224 84 Q F1(stopped)184 96 Q F0
(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
(.).15 E F1(user)184 108 Q F0(User names.)224 108 Q
(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 120 S
(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 120 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F
(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 132 Q/F2
10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 144 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556
F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056
(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.)
184 156 Q F1<ad46>144 168 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .113
(The shell function)184 180 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614
(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 192 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1
($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816
(he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407
(are being completed, the second ar)184 204 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1
($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407
(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 216 R .104
(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w)
-2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103
(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 228 R
.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the)
-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 240 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25
E(ariable.)-.25 E F1<ad47>144 252 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008
(The pathname e)184 264 R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507
E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)
-.15 F(tions.)184 276 Q F1<ad50>144 288 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)
184 300 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534
(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F
-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 312 Q F1<ad53>144 324 Q F2(suf)2.5 E
<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 324 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0
(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5
E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 336 Q F2(wor)2.5 E
(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 348 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139
(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.007
(each resultant w)184 360 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507(xpanded. The)-.15
F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the)4.507 F
(resultant list which match the w)184 372 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E
F1<ad58>144 384 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 396 Q F0 .456
(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F
.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596
(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 408 R 1.596
(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 420 Q F2(\214lterpat)
3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704
(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0
(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704
(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 432 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E
-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 448.8 R .466
(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466
(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0
(or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362
(plied without a)144 460.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361
(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H
1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 472.8 Q F0
(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E
(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E
F1(compopt)108 489.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 501.6 R
F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0
.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726
(completion if no)144 513.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726
(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725
(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 525.6 Q F2(name)
3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v)
5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 537.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
2.798 G .298(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he)
-5.297 E F1<ad44>2.797 E F0 .297
(option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F
1.227(the `)144 549.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\
mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \
no)-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 561.6 R 2.178
(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.178 E F1<ad45>4.678 E F0 2.177
(option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F(should apply to `)
144 573.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G
(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5
E 1.387(The return v)144 597.6 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F
-.25(va)-.4 G 1.388
(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F
(options for a)144 609.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0
(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E
(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 626.4 Q F0([)
2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 638.4 R 1.754
(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A
F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1
(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 1.753
(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 650.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0
1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F4 10
/Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209
(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514
(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 662.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513
(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.013 E F0(is)
3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 674.4 Q F1(declar)108 691.2
Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E
F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1
(typeset)108 703.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 715.2 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F
1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)
3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25
G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F
-.25(va)144 727.2 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983
(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982
(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1
<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)
148.735 E(5)203.725 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(with)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)
2.774 E F0(ar)2.774 E .274(guments, additional options, other than)-.18
F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad66>2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F2<ad46>2.775 E F0
2.775(,a)C .275(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.275 E F2<ad70>2.775 E F0
.275(is supplied)2.775 F(without)144 96 Q F1(name)4.814 E F0(ar)4.814 E
2.314(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F
2.313(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.313(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.313(ving the)-.2
F(attrib)144 108 Q 1.181(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2
F 1.182(If no other options are supplied with)6.181 F F2<ad70>3.682 E F0
(,)A F2(declar)3.682 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 120 R
.62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12(ariables. The)
-.25 F F2<ad66>3.12 E F0 .62(option will restrict the display)3.12 F
1.29(to shell functions.)144 132 R(The)6.29 E F2<ad46>3.79 E F0 1.291(o\
ption inhibits the display of function de\214nitions; only the function)
3.791 F .948(name and attrib)144 144 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948
(If the)5.948 F F2(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948
(shell option is enabled using)3.448 F F2(shopt)3.448 E F0 3.448(,t)C
.948(he source)-3.448 F 1.69(\214le name and line number where each)144
156 R F1(name)4.19 E F0 1.69(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 F
(The)6.69 E F2<ad46>4.19 E F0(option)4.19 E(implies)144 168 Q F2<ad66>
3.892 E F0 6.392(.T)C(he)-6.392 E F2<ad67>3.892 E F0 1.391
(option forces v)3.892 F 1.391
(ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 180 Q F2(declar)4.382 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.882
(is e)4.382 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.882(cuted in a shell function.).15 F
1.883(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.882 F 1.883(The follo)6.883 F
(wing)-.25 E .794(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 192 R
.794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .793(ute or to gi)-.2 F
1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 204 Q(utes:)-.2 E F2
<ad61>144 216 Q F0(Each)180 216 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15
(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5
E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2<ad41>144 228 Q F0(Each)180
228 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v)
.15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
(\).).15 E F2<ad66>144 240 Q F0(Use function names only)180 240 Q(.)-.65
E F2<ad69>144 252 Q F0 .557(The v)180 252 R .558
(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25
(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558
(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 264 Q F0(abo)2.25
E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v)-2.5 E
(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F2<ad6c>144 276 Q F0 .91
(When the v)180 276 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909
(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4
G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 288 R
(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2<ad6e>144 300 Q
F0(Gi)180 300 Q 1.619 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F1(name)3.819 E F0(the)
3.819 E F1(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319
(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E
1.519(That other v)180 312 R 1.519(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F
1.518(alue of)-.25 F F1(name)4.018 E F0 6.518(.A)C 1.518
(ll references, assignments, and)-6.518 F(attrib)180 324 Q .27
(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F1(name)2.77 E F0 2.77(,e)C .27
(xcept for changing the)-2.92 F F2<ad6e>2.77 E F0(attrib)2.77 E .27
(ute itself, are performed)-.2 F .895(on the v)180 336 R .895
(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F1(name)3.395 E F0 1.995 -.55('s v)D 3.395
(alue. The).3 F .894(nameref attrib)3.395 F .894
(ute cannot be applied to)-.2 F(array v)180 348 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F2
<ad72>144 360 Q F0(Mak)180 360 Q(e)-.1 E F1(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C
(eadonly)-5.046 E 7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546
(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F 2.547
(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 372 Q F2
<ad74>144 384 Q F0(Gi)180 384 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F1(name)
2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F1(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929
(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F2(DEB)2.929 E(UG)
-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F2(RETURN)2.929 E F0(traps from the calling shell.)
180 396 Q(The trace attrib)5 E(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E
(ariables.)-.25 E F2<ad75>144 408 Q F0 .909(When the v)180 408 R .909
(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909
(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)
-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 420 R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E
(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2<ad78>144 432 Q F0(Mark)180 432 Q F1(name)2.5
E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E
(vironment.)-.4 E .121(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 448.8 R
2.621(ft)-.25 G .121(he attrib)-2.621 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2
F .12(xceptions that)-.15 F F2(+a)2.62 E F0 .12(may not be used)2.62 F
.644(to destro)144 460.8 R 3.144(ya)-.1 G 3.144(na)-3.144 G .644(rray v)
-3.144 F .644(ariable and)-.25 F F2(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo)
3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.145
(ute. When)-.2 F .645(used in a func-)3.145 F(tion,)144 472.8 Q F2
(declar)2.835 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.835 E F2(typeset)2.835 E F0(mak)2.835
E 2.835(ee)-.1 G(ach)-2.835 E F1(name)2.835 E F0 .335
(local, as with the)2.835 F F2(local)2.835 E F0 .335
(command, unless the)2.835 F F2<ad67>2.835 E F0(option)2.835 E 1.282
(is supplied.)144 484.8 R 1.282(If a v)6.282 F 1.283
(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.283(wed by =)-.25 F F1(value)A F0 3.783
(,t)C 1.283(he v)-3.783 F 1.283(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.283
(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(value)3.783 E F0(.)A .927(When using)144
496.8 R F2<ad61>3.427 E F0(or)3.427 E F2<ad41>3.427 E F0 .926
(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)3.427 F .926
(ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 508.8 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2
F 3.092(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.092 G .592
(ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .592(The return v)5.592 F .592
(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .429
(option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using)
144 520.8 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .428(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.928(,a)C
2.928(na)-2.928 G .428(ttempt is)-2.928 F .062(made to assign a v)144
532.8 R .062(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .063
(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .063
(alue to an array v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .102
(able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 544.8 R F2
(Arrays)2.602 E F0(abo)2.602 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .102(\), one of the).15 F
F1(names)2.602 E F0 .101(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 556.8 S .171
(lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25
F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .172
(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 568.8 R 3.46(fa)
-.25 G .96(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96
(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 580.8 Q
(xistent function with)-.15 E F2<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F2
(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 597.6 Q F1(n)A F2 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F2
(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 609.6 S .328
(thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.)
.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238
(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 621.6 R 1.238
(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F2(pushd)144 633.6 Q
F0 2.003(command; the)4.503 F F2(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo)
4.503 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.503(se).15 G 2.003(ntries from the list.)-4.503
F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 645.6 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G
(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F2<ad63>144 657.6 Q F0
(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 657.6 Q
F2<ad6c>144 669.6 Q F0 .882
(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 669.6 R .881
(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180
681.6 Q(.)-.65 E F2<ad70>144 693.6 Q F0
(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 693.6 Q F2<ad76>
144 705.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \
pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 705.6 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773
(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 717.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q
(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(6)203.725 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(+)144 84 Q/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 1.565(Displays the)180 84 R F2(n)4.065 E F0
1.565(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25
F F1(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1
E(without options, starting with zero.)180 96 Q F1<ad>144 108 Q F2(n)A
F0 1.194(Displays the)180 108 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194
(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F
F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E
(without options, starting with zero.)180 120 Q .258(The return v)144
136.8 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258
(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe)
-.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-)
.15 F(tory stack.)144 148.8 Q F1(diso)108 165.6 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1
(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0
(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 177.6 S .121
(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec)
4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H
2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932
F .096(neither the)144 189.6 R F1<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F
F1<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E
.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1
<ad68>2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each)
.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 201.6 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15
G 3.085(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F
.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586
(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 213.6 R -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962
(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1
<ad61>3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15
H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 225.6 R F1
<ad72>3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0
(ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F
1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 237.6 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2
(jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E
F1(echo)108 254.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)
-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 266.4 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E
F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924
(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307
(error occurs.)144 278.4 R(If)5.307 E F1<ad6e>2.807 E F0 .307
(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25
F .308(If the)5.308 F F1<ad65>2.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.349(pretation of the follo)144
290.4 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)
6.348 E F1<ad45>3.848 E F0 1.348(option disables the)3.848 F 1.054
(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 302.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.555
(ya)-.15 G 1.055(re interpreted by def)-3.555 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144
314.4 Q F1(xpg_echo)3.459 E F0 .959
(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.459
F F1(echo)3.458 E F0 -.15(ex)3.458 G(pands).15 E .715
(these escape characters by def)144 326.4 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.715 E
F0 .716(does not interpret)3.215 F F1<adad>3.216 E F0 .716
(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F1(echo)5.716 E F0
(interprets the follo)144 338.4 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a)
144 350.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 350.4 Q F1(\\b)144 362.4 Q F0
(backspace)180 362.4 Q F1(\\c)144 374.4 Q F0(suppress further output)180
374.4 Q F1(\\e)144 386.4 Q(\\E)144 398.4 Q F0(an escape character)180
398.4 Q F1(\\f)144 410.4 Q F0(form feed)180 410.4 Q F1(\\n)144 422.4 Q
F0(ne)180 422.4 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 434.4 Q F0
(carriage return)180 434.4 Q F1(\\t)144 446.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)180
446.4 Q F1(\\v)144 458.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 458.4 S(rtical tab).15 E F1
(\\\\)144 470.4 Q F0(backslash)180 470.4 Q F1(\\0)144 482.4 Q F2(nnn)A
F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 482.4 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25
E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1
(\\x)144 494.4 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 494.4 Q
(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0
(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1
(\\u)144 506.4 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.507
(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 518.4 R 1.506
(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH)
4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 530.4 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1
(\\U)144 542.4 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547
(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 554.4 R .547
(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-)
3.048 E(HHH)180 566.4 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G
(igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 583.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C
F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5
(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 595.2 R
.278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278
(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833
(the same name as a shell b)144 607.2 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99
(the shell normally searches for b)144 619.2 R .989
(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .989
(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581
(abled; otherwise,)144 631.2 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.)
4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F
F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.082
G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 643.2 R .081(uiltin v)
-.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test)
2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F1<ad66>2.58 E F0 .08
(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 655.2 S 1.524
(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F
F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524
(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 667.2 Q F1<ad64>
2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F
.367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn)
-5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi)
-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 679.2 R F1<ad70>
2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399
(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4
F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144
691.2 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098
(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F
(If)5.098 E F1<ad61>2.598 E F0 1.916
(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 703.2 R 1.916
(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879
(enabled. If)144 715.2 R F1<ad73>2.879 E F0 .379
(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F2(special)
2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F
(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 727.2 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994
(is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne)
-.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72
768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(7)203.725 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(object.)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -2.3
-.15(ev a)108 100.8 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)
-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 112.8 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)
C .671(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F
.67(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 124.8 R -.15(xe)-.15
G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495
(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15
(ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no)
-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 136.8 Q
(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1
(exec)108 153.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2
(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)
-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 165.6 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306
(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805
(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E
(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 177.6 R .176
(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G
(he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176
(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177
(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 189.6 R .5(gument passed to)-.18
F F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999
E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F1<ad63>2.999 E F0
.499(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 201.6 Q F0 .638
(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138
(vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638
(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the)
3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 213.6 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0
1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a)
.15 F(non-interacti)144 225.6 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F
.576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577
(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577
F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505(ure. An)144 237.6 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s)
-.25 H .005(hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)
-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005
(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 249.6 Q 3.036(yr)-.15 G .536
(edirections tak)-3.036 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536
(ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536
(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 261.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G
(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 278.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 278.4 R .096(xit with a status of)
-.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095
(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command)
-.15 F -.15(exe)144 290.4 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9
/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 307.2 Q F0([)2.5
E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E
F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 319.2 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 331.2 R
F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F
.257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 343.2 R(the)2.627 E F1
<ad66>2.627 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the)
.15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)
5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126
(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>144 355.2 Q F0 .048
(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F .048(xported v)
-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1<ad6e>2.548 E F0
.048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 367.2 S 1.447
(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447
(rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G
1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)
-.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 379.2 S .741(lue of the v)
.25 F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1
(export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742
(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is)
.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 391.2 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032
(is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25
F F1<ad66>2.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0
(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 403.2 Q F1(fc)108 420 Q F0([)2.5 E
F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108
432 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431
(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 444 R F2<8c72>
4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432
(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144
456 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs)
.45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141
(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be)
144 468 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 F
2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga)
-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .315(is used as an of)
144 480 R .315(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.315 E
F2(last)2.904 E F0 .314(is not speci\214ed it is set to the cur)3.494 F
(-)-.2 E .948(rent command for listing \(so that)144 492 R/F4 10
/Courier@0 SF .948(fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948
(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)3.448 F F2<8c72>5.359 E(st)-.1 E
F0(other)4.129 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If)144 504 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E
F0(is not speci\214ed it is set to the pre)3.18 E
(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 528 Q
F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022
(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E
F1<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022
(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 540 R .438(If the)5.438
F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438
(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E
.335(the editor gi)144 552 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E F2
(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do)
.1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F
(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 564 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0
-.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 F
F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 .631
(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .951(ther v)144 576 R .951
(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.117 E F0 .951(is used.)5.117 F .95
(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.951 F
-.15(exe)144 588 S(cuted.).15 E .788(In the second form,)144 612 R F2
(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788
(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788
(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.789
E(mand)144 624 Q F0 .347(is intepreted the same as)2.847 F F2<8c72>2.847
E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.847 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.347(.A).15 G .347
(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F4 .346(r='fc \255s')2.847 F F0
2.846(,s)C 2.846(ot)-2.846 G(hat)-2.846 E(typing)144 636 Q F4 7.165(rc)
3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166
(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F4(r)
3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F
(mand.)144 648 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 672
R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142
(lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322
E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 684 R
.454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454
(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455
(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788
(cuted or f).15 F .787
(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F
.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135
(second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144
708 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136
(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 720 Q
(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E
(ailure.)-.1 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(8)203.725 E 0
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(fg)108 84 Q F0([)2.5
E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)144 96 Q F2(jobspec)
5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913
(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G
(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F
(shell')144 108 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G .616(otion of the)-3.116 F F2(curr)
3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)
5.617 F .617(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144
120 Q .363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363
(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362
(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 132 Q
F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0
(speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E
F1(getopts)108 148.8 Q F2(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs)
-.37 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 160.8 Q F0 .793
(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F2
(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15
(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 172.8 R .149
(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449
-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 184.8 Q .578
(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579
(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665
(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 196.8 R 1.665
(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts)
4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .796
(option in the shell v)144 208.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.296 E F0
3.296(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F2(name)3.657 E F0 .797
(if it does not e)3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G
3.297(ft)-3.297 G .797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 220.8 Q .085
(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9
/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND)
4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845
(or a shell script is in)144 232.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345
(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F1
(getopts)3.346 E F0 .846(places that ar)3.346 F(gument)-.18 E .804
(into the v)144 244.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A
F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803
(automatically; it must be manually)3.053 F .293
(reset between multiple calls to)144 256.8 R F1(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293
(within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F
2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 268.8
Q 2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 292.8 R F1(getopts)
4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043
(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 304.8 Q F0
(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G
(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0
(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 328.8 Q F0 2.392
(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392
(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893
(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F2(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F1(getopts)144
340.8 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 364.8 Q F0 1.166
(can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F
1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F2(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165
(is a colon,)3.885 F F2(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.07
(reporting is used.)144 376.8 R 1.071
(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.07 F
-.25(va)-.4 G 1.071(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144
388.8 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F
(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394
(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 400.8 Q
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E
F2(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 424.8 R
-.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F1(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667
(places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E F0 .667
(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4(and unsets)144
436.8 R F3(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F1(getopts)2.899 E
F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3
(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F
(diagnostic message is printed.)144 448.8 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144
472.8 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F1(getopts)3.741 E F0
1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1(?).833 E F0 3.742
(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F F2(name)144 484.8
Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.735 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234
(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If)5.234 E F1
(getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F1(:).833 E
F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 496.8 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3
(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F1
(getopts)144 520.8 Q F0 .902
(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.)
3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F
(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 532.8 Q F1(hash)108
549.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)
2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A
.858(Each time)144 561.6 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)
-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name)
3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956
(the directories in)144 573.6 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0
.956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956
(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 585.6
R F1<ad70>2.743 E F0 .243
(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F2
(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.711
(of the command.)144 597.6 R(The)6.711 E F1<ad72>4.211 E F0 1.711
(option causes the shell to for)4.211 F 1.712
(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.712 E F1<ad64>4.212 E F0
.833(option causes the shell to for)144 609.6 R .833
(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I)
C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F1<ad74>3.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-)
3.333 F .703(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 621.6 R F2(name)
3.204 E F0 .704(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .704(If multiple)5.704 F
F2(name)3.204 E F0(ar)3.204 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144
633.6 R F1<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F2(name)3.295 E F0
.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F1
<ad6c>3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934
(output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144
645.6 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .935(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.935(n, or if).15 F(only)144 657.6 Q F1<ad6c>2.822 E F0 .322
(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.822 F
.321(The return status is true)5.321 F(unless a)144 669.6 Q F2(name)2.86
E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.)
.25 E F1(help)108 686.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2
(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144
698.4 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0
.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25
G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .307(help on all commands matching)144
710.4 R F2(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307
(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306
(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 722.4 Q
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad64>144 84 Q F0
(Display a short description of each)180 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 96 Q F0(Display the description of each)180
96 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G(ormat)-2.5
E F1<ad73>144 108 Q F0(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180
108 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0
(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 124.8 Q F2
(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 141.6 Q F2(n)A F1(])A
(history \255c)108 153.6 Q(history \255d)108 165.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)
-.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A
F1(history \255p)108 189.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5
(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 201.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)
-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144
213.6 S .752
(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F
.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2
G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 225.6 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18
F F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88
(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9
/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.88 E(MA)144 237.6 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264
(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F2
(strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02
(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 249.6 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G
3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019
(ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176
(time stamp and the history line.)144 261.6 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename)
2.676 E F0 .176
(is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F
(not, the v)144 273.6 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.)
2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 285.6 Q F0
(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 285.6 Q F1
<ad64>144 297.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0
(Delete the history entry at position)180 309.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18
E F0(.)A F1<ad61>144 321.6 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 321.6 R(`ne)-.74 E
(w')-.25 E 3.065('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)
-3.065 F .564(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180
333.6 Q(ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E
(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 345.6
Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\
le into the current history list.)180 345.6 R .773
(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 357.6 R
.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E
(sion.)180 369.6 Q F1<ad72>144 381.6 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\
ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 381.6 Q F1
<ad77>144 393.6 Q F0
(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 393.6 Q
-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G
(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 405.6 Q F0 .625
(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 405.6 R(wing)-.25 E F2
(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard)
3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 417.6 R .475
(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar)
2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F
(normal history e)180 429.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 441.6 Q F0
.362(Store the)180 441.6 R F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363
(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363
(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 453.6 Q -.15
(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0
(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 470.4 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)
-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145
(riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history)
.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 482.4 R .669
(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669
(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 494.4 R .956
(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955
(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.795
(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 506.4 R 1.795
(wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F
1.796(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 518.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \
option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the his\
tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 530.4 Q(fset)
-.18 E F0 1.031(is supplied as an ar)3.531 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1
<ad64>3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531
F 1.031(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.032(gument to)-.18 F F1
<ad70>3.532 E F0 -.1(fa)144 542.4 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 559.2 Q F0([)
2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1
(jobs \255x)108 571.2 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37
E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 583.2 Q .3 -.15
(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 595.2 Q F0
(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 595.2 Q F1
<ad6e>144 607.2 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha)
180 607.2 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15
F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 619.2 Q F1<ad70>
144 631.2 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 631.2 Q 2.5(sp)
-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 643.2 Q F0
(Display only running jobs.)180 643.2 Q F1<ad73>144 655.2 Q F0
(Display only stopped jobs.)180 655.2 Q(If)144 672 Q F2(jobspec)4.553 E
F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313
(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T)
-.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 684 Q -.25
(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25
E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 700.8 R F1
<ad78>2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0
.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in)
3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394
(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 712.8 Q
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar)
2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E
(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(10)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(kill)108 84 Q F0([)
2.5 E F1<ad73>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1
<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5
(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1
(kill \255l)108 96 Q F0(|)A F1<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E
F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119(Send the signal named by)144
108 R F2(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E F2(signum)2.959 E F0 .119
(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.87 E F0(or)3.39 E F2
(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 E .319
(either a case-insensiti)144 120 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319
(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318
(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318
(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 132 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0
1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec)
4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0
1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 144 Q .523(gument of)-.18 F
F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523
F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F
F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names)
.15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 156 R .28
(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F2
-.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 168 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F F1
<ad6c>2.878 E F0 .378
(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377
(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 180 R
(The)5.962 E F1<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25
G .962(lent to).25 F F1<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962
(returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E
(successfully sent, or f)144 192 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1
E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 208.8 Q F2
(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144
220.8 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197
(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .196(luated \(see).25 F F3 .196
(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)
2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 232.8 Q F2(ar)
2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0
(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5
E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 261.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F
.06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0
.06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he)
-5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 273.6 Q 3.153(yo)
-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar)
3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652
(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144
285.6 Q F2(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H
.422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F
(If)5.422 E F2(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F 1.461
(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 297.6 R F1
(local)3.961 E F0 1.461(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.461
(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.562(using the)144 309.6 R F1(set)4.062
E F0 -.2(bu)4.062 G 1.563
(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.563
(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.744(returns. W)144 321.6 R 1.244
(ith no operands,)-.4 F F1(local)3.744 E F0 1.244
(writes a list of local v)3.744 F 1.243
(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.243(It is an)6.243 F .42
(error to use)144 333.6 R F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42
(when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless)
5.42 F F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in)
144 345.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or)
2.68 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout)
108 362.4 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 362.4 Q F1(map\214le)108 379.2 Q
F0([)2.5 E F1<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count)
2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>
-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>
-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E
F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E
(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 391.2 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1
<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5
(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2
(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2
(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)
C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
(])A .351(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 403.2 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F2
(arr)2.85 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.85(,o).32 G 2.85(rf)-2.85 G .35
(rom \214le descriptor)-2.85 F F2(fd)2.85 E F0 1.248(if the)144 415.2 R
F1<ad75>3.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F
(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1
E F2(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,)
-6.249 F(ha)144 427.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 439.2 Q F0(The \214rst character of)
180 439.2 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25
E F1<ad6e>144 451.2 Q F0(Cop)180 451.2 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)
-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)2.5 E F0
(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 463.2 Q F0(Be)180 463.2 Q
(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x)
-.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi)
-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 475.2 Q F0
(Discard the \214rst)180 475.2 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1
<ad74>144 487.2 Q F0(Remo)180 487.2 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15
E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E
(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 499.2 Q F0
(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 499.2 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 511.2 Q F0(Ev)180
511.2 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2
(quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0
(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 523.2
Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 523.2 Q
F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 540 Q F1<ad43>2.968 E F0 .467
(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467
(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2
(callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467
(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 552 R 2.761(xo)-.15 G
2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be assig\
ned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275
(as additional ar)144 564 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E
F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274
(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274
(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 576 Q
(If not supplied with an e)144 592.8 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1
(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 609.6 Q F0 1.905
(returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905
(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr)
4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 621.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
(is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E
F1(popd)108 638.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0
2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 650.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se)
.15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299
(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G
.299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144
662.4 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479
(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479
(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15
F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 674.4 Q F1<ad6e>144 686.4 Q F0 .551
(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 686.4 R .551
(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F
(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 698.4 Q F1(+)144 710.4 Q F2(n)A
F0(Remo)180 710.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E
F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25
F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180
722.4 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0
(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,)
-.65 E F4(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q
(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(11)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad>144 84 Q/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(Remo)180 84 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)
-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 1.259
(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by)-.25 F
F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5(zero. F)
180 96 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd -0)2.5 E F0
(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65
E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144
112.8 R F1(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1
(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)
3.143 F F1(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 124.8 R .416
(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415
(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915
(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F
(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 136.8 Q
(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 153.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0
(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.436
(Write the formatted)144 165.6 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437
(to the standard output under the control of the)3.936 F F2(format)3.937
E F0 6.437(.T)C(he)-6.437 E F1<ad76>3.937 E F0 .126
(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 177.6 R(ariable)
-.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard)
2.626 F(output.)144 189.6 Q(The)144 213.6 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\
s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\
cters, which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\
er escape sequences, which are con)144 225.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703
(rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\
\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 237.6 R .037
(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 249.6 Q(gument)-.37 E F0
5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2
(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031
E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 261.6 Q
(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 273.6 Q F0(causes)180 273.6 Q F1(printf)
2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096
(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar)
2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 285.6 Q(ay as)
-.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 297.6 Q F0(causes)180 297.6 Q
F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E
(gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F
(input.)180 309.6 Q F1(%\()144 321.6 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes)
180 333.6 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904
(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt)
4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 345.6 R F2
(strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar)
2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381
(ger representing the number)-.15 F .457(of seconds since the epoch.)180
357.6 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F
.458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F .848
(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 369.6 R .847
(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.347(d. If).1 F .847(no ar)3.347
F .847(gument is speci-)-.18 F .354(\214ed, con)180 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.4
G .354(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.854(sa).15 G 2.854(si)-2.854 G
2.854(f-)-2.854 G 2.854(1h)-2.854 G .354(ad been gi)-2.854 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.854(n. This).15 F .355(is an e)2.854 F .355
(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1(printf)2.855 E F0(beha)180 393.6 Q
(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 410.4 Q .464(guments to non-string format s\
peci\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .463
(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258(minus sign is allo)144 422.4
R 1.259
(wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v)
-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 434.4 Q(alue of the follo)
-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 451.2 Q F2(format)3.424 E
F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423
E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format)
3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F2(ar)144 463.2 Q(guments)-.37 E
F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033
(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si)
.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,)
-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 475.2 Q(The return v)5 E
(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd)
108 492 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C
<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 504 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5
(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the direc\
tory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 516 R 3.139(wt)-.25
G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .416(stack the current w)144 528 R .416
(orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F
(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416
(changes the top tw).15 F 2.917(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.917 E 1.625
(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 540 R 6.625(.A)
-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 -.15
(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 552 Q F1
<ad6e>144 564 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when\
 rotating or adding directories to the)180 564 R
(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 576 Q F1(+)144 588 Q
F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 588 R F2(n)3.768 E F0
1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267
(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 600 Q F0 2.5(,s)C
(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 612 Q F2(n)A F0 .92
(Rotates the stack so that the)180 612 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92
(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25
F F1(dirs)180 624 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5
E F2(dir)144.35 636 Q F0(Adds)180 636 Q F2(dir)3.138 E F0 .288
(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.518 F 2.787(wc)
-.25 G .287(urrent w)-2.787 F .287(orking directory as)-.1 F
(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 648 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(cd)
2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 664.8 R F1(pushd)2.988
E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488
(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F
F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 676.8 R F2(dir)
3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4
F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846
(stack is empty)144 688.8 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\
 directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)
-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 700.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5
E(ails.)-.1 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(12)198.725 E 0
Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pwd)108 84 Q F0([)2.5
E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)
144 96 R .845(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844
(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144
108 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181
(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1(set)
2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264(enabled. If)
144 120 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763
(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264
F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
 reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 132 R -.25(va)
-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 144 Q F1 -.18(re)108 160.8 S(ad)
.18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817 E/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad64>-3.817 E F2
(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad69>-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0
3.817(][)C F1<ad6e>-3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816
(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1
<ad70>-3.816 E F2(pr)3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad74>-3.816 E
F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad75>-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A
([)108 172.8 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\
tandard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 184.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E
F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 196.8 Q
F1<ad75>3.848 E F0 1.348(option, split into w)3.848 F 1.348
(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.647 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75
(Wo)3.847 G 1.347(rd Splitting).75 F F0 3.847(,a)C 1.347
(nd the \214rst w)-3.847 F 1.347(ord is)-.1 F 1.465
(assigned to the \214rst)144 208.8 R F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G
1.465(he second w)-3.965 F 1.465(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.965 E
F0 3.965(,a).18 G 1.465(nd so on.)-3.965 F 1.465(If there are more)6.465
F -.1(wo)144 220.8 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112
(ords and their interv)-.1 F 1.112
(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)144 232.8 Q F0
5.722(.I).18 G 3.222(ft)-5.722 G .722(here are fe)-3.222 F .722(wer w)
-.25 F .723
(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1
F .532(assigned empty v)144 244.8 R 3.032(alues. The)-.25 F .532
(characters in)3.032 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.032 E F0 .531
(are used to split the line into w)2.782 F .531(ords using the same)-.1
F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 256.8 R .197
(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .497 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1
-.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .197
(backslash charac-)2.697 F .157(ter \()144 268.8 R F1(\\)A F0 2.657(\)m)
C .157(ay be used to remo)-2.657 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s)
.15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .156
(xt character read and for line continu-)-.15 F 2.5(ation. Options,)144
280.8 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 292.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049
(The w)180 304.8 R 1.049
(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable)
-.25 E F2(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F2
(aname)180.33 316.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25
(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5
E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 328.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
(The \214rst character of)180 340.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E
F1<ad65>144 352.8 Q F0 .373
(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 352.8 R F1 -.18
(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo)
2.622 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E
.218(to obtain the line.)180 364.8 R .218
(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218
(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E
(acti)180 376.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E
F1<ad69>144 388.8 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)180 388.8 Q F1 -.18(re)
2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F2
(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2
E .215(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 400.8 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>
144 412.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 424.8 S(ad).18
E F0 1.394(returns after reading)3.894 F F2(nc)3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1
E F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.894 F 1.395
(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 436.8 Q
(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15
E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1
<ad4e>144 448.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 460.8 S
(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)
3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F
1.269(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274
(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 472.8 R F1 -.18(re)
2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275
(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.275 F 1.003
(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 484.8
R F1 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F2(nc)
3.502 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .608(characters are read.)180 496.8 R .608
(The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0
3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 508.8 S .67
(riable is assigned e).25 F .669
(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .669
(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 520.8 Q F0
(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 532.8 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45
E F0(Display)180 544.8 Q F2(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161
(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)
-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 556.8 Q
2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
<ad72>144 568.8 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
180 568.8 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543
(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F(the line.)180 580.8 Q
(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E
(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)-.25 E F1<ad73>144
592.8 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 592.8 Q
(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
<ad74>144 604.8 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 616.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928
G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428
(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561
(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 628.8 R F2(timeout)3.061 E
F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number)
3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 640.8 Q
(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E
.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\
g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180
652.8 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 664.8 R .589
(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589
(times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)
-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59
(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 676.8 S
(riable).25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0
.27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)
2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15
G(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 688.8 R 1.12
(xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12
(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12
(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 700.8 R -.15(ex)2.5 G
(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e).15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E
F1<ad75>144 712.8 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)180
712.8 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .477(If no)144 729.6 R F2(names)3.337 E F0
.477(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.247 F(ariable)
-.25 E F3(REPL)2.976 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .476
(The e)4.976 F .476(xit status is zero,)-.15 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q
(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(13)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .772(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)
144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)3.272 G(ad).18 E F0 .773
(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.272 F
-.25(va)144 96 S 2.004
(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.004
(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.004(lid \214le).25 F
(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 108 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75>2.5
E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 124.8 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0
2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E
F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 136.8 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77
(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0
.77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144
148.8 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0 1.097
(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2
(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 160.8 Q 3.334(ed. The)
-.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
-3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
-.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 172.8 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277
(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F1<ad41>3.277 E
F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name)
3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 184.8 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521
(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F
.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 196.8 R(The)5.295 E F1
<ad70>2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786
(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)
144 208.8 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
220.8 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
-3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)
3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in)
-5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the)
144 232.8 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26
(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 244.8 Q F0
(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 261.6 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 273.6 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02
(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596
(the return status is that of the last command e)144 285.6 R -.15(xe)
-.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E
F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15
G(cuted).15 E 1.239(by a trap handler)144 297.6 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238
(he last command used to determine the status is the last command e)
-3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.066(before the trap handler)144
309.6 R 6.067(.i)-.55 G(f)-6.067 E F1 -.18(re)3.567 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E
F0 1.067(is e)3.567 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.067(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)
3.567 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.067(trap, the last command used to)3.567 F .39
(determine the status is the last command e)144 321.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
.389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.889 G(tur).18 E
(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.889 G 2.889(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.889 H -.1(ke)
.4 G(d.).1 E(If)144 333.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.583 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0
.084(is used outside a function, b)2.583 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084
E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.584(\)c)C .084(ommand, it)-2.584 F .589
(causes the shell to stop e)144 345.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589
(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588
(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e)
144 357.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326
(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445
(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 369.6 R .444
(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E
(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381
(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 381.6 R -.15
(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E
F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15
E .75(mand associated with the)144 393.6 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15
G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 405.6 Q F1
(set)108 422.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C
F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E
F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 434.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0
2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E
(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 446.4 S .835
(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F
.836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784
(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 458.4
R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783
(riables cannot be).25 F 2.911(reset. In)144 470.4 R F2(posix)2.911 E F0
.412(mode, only shell v)2.912 F .412(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .412
(The output is sorted according to the current)5.412 F 3.531
(locale. When)144 482.4 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F
3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An)
-.2 F 3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F 1.623
(after option processing are treated as v)144 494.4 R 1.624
(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order)
144 506.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A
F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3
-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 518.4 Q
F0 1.378(Each v)184 518.4 R 1.377
(ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.377(xport attrib)-.15 F
1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 530.4 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15
E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 542.4 Q F0 .131
(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 542.4 R
2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E
(primary prompt.)184 554.4 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)
-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 566.4 Q F0
.088(Exit immediately if a)184 566.4 R F2(pipeline)2.588 E F0 .087
(\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F2 .087(simple command)2.587 F
F0 .087(\), a)B F2(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 578.4 Q
F2 1.52(compound command)4.02 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e)
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(The shell does not e)184 590.4 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F
.079(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 602.4
Q 1.654(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(until)4.154 E F0
-.1(ke)4.154 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.655
(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(elif)4.155 E F0(reserv)
4.155 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 614.4 S .582(rds, part of an).1 F 3.082(yc)
-.15 G .582(ommand e)-3.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1
(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .581(list e)3.081 F .581
(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 626.4 R
F1(&&)3.417 E F0(or)3.417 E F1(||)3.417 E F0 3.417(,a)C 1.217 -.15(ny c)
-3.417 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .918
(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.418(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.418 E
-.25(va)184 638.4 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661
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(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.112
(non-zero status because a command f)184 650.4 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F
F1<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.113
(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .178(not e)184 662.4 R 2.678
(xit. A)-.15 F .178(trap on)2.678 F F1(ERR)2.678 E F0 2.678(,i)C 2.678
(fs)-2.678 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178
(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.677(xits. This)-.15 F .177
(option applies to)2.677 F .617(the shell en)184 674.4 R .617
(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see)
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-.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643
(\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G .642(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 698.4
Q 2.042(If a compound command or shell function e)184 716.4 R -.15(xe)
-.15 G 2.042(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F F1<ad65>4.542
E F0 2.043(is being)4.543 F 1.436(ignored, none of the commands e)184
728.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.435
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3.39(status. If)184 96 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89
(ompound command or shell function sets)-3.39 F F1<ad65>3.39 E F0 .89
(while e)3.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .89(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)-.15 E
(where)184 108 Q F1<ad65>3.153 E F0 .653
(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.153 F .954 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .954
-.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .654(ect until the compound command).25 F
(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 120 Q F1
<ad66>144 132 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 132 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1
<ad68>144 144 Q F0 2.239(Remember the location of commands as the)184
144 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.238(re look)-4.738 F 2.238(ed up for e)-.1 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G 4.738(cution. This).15 F(is)4.738 E(enabled by def)184
156 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad6b>144 168 Q F0 .513(All ar)184 168 R .514
(guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18
F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F
(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 180 Q F1
<ad6d>144 192 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)184 192 R .149
(Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F
.148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .65
(on systems that support it \(see)184 204 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .651
(JOB CONTR)3.151 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151
(\). All).15 F .651(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .679
(process group.)184 216 R .678(When a background job completes, the she\
ll prints a line containing its)5.679 F -.15(ex)184 228 S(it status.).15
E F1<ad6e>144 240 Q F0 .652(Read commands b)184 240 R .652(ut do not e)
-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .652(cute them.).15 F .653
(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.652 F(syntax errors.)184
252 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
F1<ad6f>144 264 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)
184 276 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E
(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 288 Q F0(Same as)224 300 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E
F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 312 Q F0(Same as)224 324 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)
A F1(emacs)184 336 Q F0 .089
(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 336 R 2.589
(ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95
(when the shell is interacti)224 348 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95
(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E
F0 2.5(option. This)224 360 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf)
-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err)
184 372 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 372 Q F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
(errtrace)184 384 Q F0(Same as)224 384 Q F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
(functrace)184 396 Q F0(Same as)224 408 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
(hashall)184 420 Q F0(Same as)224 420 Q F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
(histexpand)184 432 Q F0(Same as)224 444 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
(history)184 456 Q F0 .587(Enable command history)224 456 R 3.087(,a)
-.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15
H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF
(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 468 Q
(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184
480 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 492 R 1.656
(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10)
4.157 E F0 1.657(had been e)4.157 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224
504 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).)
.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 516 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 528 Q F1
<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 540 Q F0(Same as)224 540 Q F1<ad6d>2.5
E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 552 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 564 Q F1<ad43>2.5
E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 576 Q F0(Same as)224 576 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A
F1(noglob)184 588 Q F0(Same as)224 588 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)
184 600 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 600 Q F1(notify)184 612 Q F0
(Same as)224 612 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 624 Q F0(Same as)
224 624 Q F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 636 Q F0(Same as)224 636 Q
F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 648 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 648 Q
F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 660 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v)
224 660 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029
(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 672 R
1.136
(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline)
-.15 F -.15(ex)224 684 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G
(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 696 Q F0
2.091(Change the beha)224 696 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0
2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091
(fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224
708 R F3 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B F2 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F
F0(belo)3.463 E(w)-.25 E 2.307
(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 720 R 4.806(wp)-.25 G
2.306(osix mode af)-4.806 F 2.306(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E
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/Times-Bold@0 SF(pri)184 96 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 108 Q F1
<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 120 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 120 Q
F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 132 Q F0 1.465
(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 132 R 3.966(ace. This)
-.1 F 1.466(also af)3.966 F 1.466(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224
144 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1
(xtrace)184 156 Q F0(Same as)224 156 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 174 Q
F1<ad6f>3.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0
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186 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F2(option\255name)3.571 E F0
3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072
(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F
(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 198 Q F1<ad70>
144 210 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 210 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.822 E -.1
(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F
/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)
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(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 222 R 1.501
(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A
F3 -.27(BA)184 234 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G
(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.775 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G
.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F
(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 246 R .379
(If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15
(ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462
(user \(group\) id, and the)184 258 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461
(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 270 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394
(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70>
2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25
E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 282 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G
.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886
F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F
(set to the real user and group ids.)184 294 Q F1<ad74>144 306 Q F0
(Exit after reading and e)184 306 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.)
.15 E F1<ad75>144 318 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 318 S .043(eat unset v).35 F .044
(ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \
as an)-.25 F .183(error when performing parameter e)184 330 R 2.683
(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.683 G .182
(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746
(able or parameter)184 342 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746
(he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184
354 Q F1<ad76>144 366 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 366 Q 2.5
(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 378 Q F0 .315(After e)184 378 R
.315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25
(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)
2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184
390 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F
1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0
(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 402 Q
(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1
<ad42>144 414 Q F0 2.579(The shell performs brace e)184 414 R 2.578
(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E
-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078(\). This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 F(def)184 426 Q
(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 438 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 438 R F1(bash)2.713 E
F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214
(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0
2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F
3.054(tors. This)184 450 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
.15 F(tor)184 462 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
<ad45>144 474 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 474 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103
(rap on)-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104
(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603
F .839(mands e)184 486 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15
F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838
(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 498 Q F1
<ad48>144 510 Q F0(Enable)184 510 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531
(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531
F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 522 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 534 Q F0 .96
(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 534 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959
(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 2.821
(that change the current w)184 546 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822
(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 558 R(def)2.686
E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186
(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
(mands which change the current directory)184 570 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
582 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 582 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89
(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
(substitutions, and commands e)184 594 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 606 Q F0
(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 618 Q
F0 .4(If no ar)184 618 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 630 Q
F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144
642 Q F0 1.945(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 642 R
F2(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G
1.944(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 654 R
F1<ad78>3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F1<ad76>3.445 E F0 .945
(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no)
3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B
(parameters remain unchanged.)184 666 Q .425(The options are of)144
682.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177
(to be turned of)144 694.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178
(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066
(current set of options may be found in)144 706.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F
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(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G .429
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(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 120 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06
(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F(If)
5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56(,t)
C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 132 R .144
(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 .143
(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0
(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 144 Q F1(shopt)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5
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F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 172.8 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639
(alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E
5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375
(listed belo)144 184.8 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H
2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375
(option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25
F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2
(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 3.325(mand. W)144 196.8 R .825
(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>3.325 E F0 .826
(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.325 F
.945(indication of whether or not each is set.)144 208.8 R(The)5.945 E
F1<ad70>3.445 E F0 .945(option causes output to be displayed in a form)
3.445 F(that may be reused as input.)144 220.8 Q(Other options ha)5 E .3
-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 232.8 Q
F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 232.8 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144
244.8 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)180 244.8 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
<ad71>144 256.8 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the \
return status indicates whether the)180 256.8 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0
(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 268.8 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2
(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255
(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 280.8 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
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(Restricts the v)180 292.8 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5
E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 309.6 R F1
<ad73>3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)
3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124
E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.234
(set or unset, respecti)144 321.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U)
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2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 333.6 Q(ault.)
-.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144
350.4 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
4.045 F .696
(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
144 362.4 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695
(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 374.4 Q(The list of)144 391.2 Q F1(shopt)
2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 409.2 Q F0 .199
(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 409.2 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
(ment to the)184 421.2 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
F1(cdable_v)144 433.2 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 445.2 R .156
(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155
(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F
(name of a v)184 457.2 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 469.2 Q F0
1.055
(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184
469.2 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988
(corrected. The)184 481.2 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487
(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a)
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(orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F
(the command proceeds.)184 505.2 Q
(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
.15 E F1(checkhash)144 517.2 Q F0 .737(If set,)184 529.2 R F1(bash)3.237
E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736
(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184
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(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 553.2
Q F0 .448(If set,)184 565.2 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448
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(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15
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(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184
661.2 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E
(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 673.2
Q F0 .42(If set,)184 685.2 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92
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(ollation)-3.321 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(17)
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144 96 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 108 R F2(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41
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(vious item\) and the ef)184 132 R .481
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(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 288 Q F2(compat42)144 300 Q
F0 1.796(If set,)184 312 R F2(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796
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(ev e)184 492 T 1.923 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.423 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123
(ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F
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(only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184
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(If set,)184 540 R F2(bash)2.987 E F0 .486
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(ord completion if)-.1 F
(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 588 Q(xist.)-.15 E
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(xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u)
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F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 240 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 252 R
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(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 276 Q F0
1.425(If set, patterns which f)184 276 R 1.425
(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424
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(pletions. See)184 336 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0
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(ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1
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(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 420 Q(.)-.55 E
F1(globstar)144 432 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 432 R F1(**)3.019
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(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431
(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 444 R .431
(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0
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456 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 468 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\
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492 Q F0 .676
(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184
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(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576
(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F
(tory substitution.)184 552 Q F1(histv)144 564 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403
(If set, and)184 576 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403
(is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately)
2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 588 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662
(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162
G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 600 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E
2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1
(hostcomplete)144 612 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 624 R F1 -.18(re)3.682
G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181
(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184
636 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381
(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E
F2(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 648 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F
(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 660 Q F0(If set,)
184 672 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0
(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e)
.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 684 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22
(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 696 R .219(alue of the)
-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219(option, instead of unsetting)
2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 708 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F
(option is enabled when)2.5 E F3(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
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E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(interacti)144 84 Q
-.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 96 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G
.33(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33
(to cause that w)2.83 F .33(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F
.967(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 108 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)
-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0
(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F
(enabled by def)184 120 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 132 Q F0 .066
(If set, and job control is not acti)184 132 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t)
.15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en)
184 144 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 156 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)
184 156 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654
(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F
(with embedded ne)184 168 Q
(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1
(login_shell)144 180 Q F0 .486
(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184
192 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve)
-.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 204 S(lue may not be changed.).25
E F1(mailwar)144 216 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that)184
228 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814
(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F
-.1(wa)184 240 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E
(`The mail in)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0
(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1
(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 252 Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 264 R F1 -.18
(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E
F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH)
-.189 E F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F
(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 276 Q F1
(nocaseglob)144 288 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 300 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436
(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25
H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 312 S
(pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E
-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 324 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184
336 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)
3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05
F .551(while e)184 348 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0
(or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551
(conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F -.1
(wo)184 360 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\
le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 372 Q F1
(nullglob)144 384 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 396 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo)
3.355 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)
3.354 G .854(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354
(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 408 S
(pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144
420 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f)184
432 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677
(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E
(are enabled.)184 444 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1
(pr)144 456 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448
(If set, prompt strings under)184 468 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F
1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 480
S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17
(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F F2(PR)2.671 E
(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E
(This option is enabled by def)184 492 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 504
S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069
(The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see)
184 516 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 528 Q 2.86
(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36
(This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 540 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E
-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E
F1(shift_v)144 552 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 564 R F1
(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501
(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501
(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 576 Q F1(sour)
144 588 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 600 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce)
-.18 E F0(\()3.27 E F1(.)A F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F
.771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771
(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F
(\214le supplied as an ar)184 612 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F
(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 624 Q F0
(If set, the)184 636 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E
(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)
108 652.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 664.8 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001
(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 676.8 R F1<ad66>
2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022
(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is)
5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 688.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E
F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5
E F1(test)108 705.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 717.6 Q F3 -.2
(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878
(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 717.6 R .877
(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877
(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 729.6
S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53
(ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03
(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F(GNU Bash-4.2)
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 3.08(primaries described abo)144 84 R 3.38
-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)5.58 E 3.079
(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
(test)7.579 E F0 3.079(does not accept an)5.579 F(y)-.15 E
(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 96 Q(gument of)-.18 E
F3<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .785
(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 114 R .786
(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412
(dence. The)144 126 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912
(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F
4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F
(used when there are \214v)144 138 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)
-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F3(!)144 150 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5
G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 150 S(ue if).35 E F4 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0
(is f)3.23 E(alse.)-.1 E F3(\()144 162 Q F4 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F3(\))
2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v)180 162 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F4 -.2(ex)2.76 G
(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
.26(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 174 Q F4 -.2
(ex)144 186 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F3(a)A F4 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0
-.35(Tr)180 198 S(ue if both).35 E F4 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E
F4 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F4 -.2(ex)144 210 S(pr1).2
E F0<ad>2.5 E F3(o)A F4 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 222 S
(ue if either).35 E F4 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F4 -.2(ex)2.5 G
(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F3(test)144 238.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F3([)2.5 E
F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E
(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E
(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 256.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)
180 268.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 280.8 S -.18
(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 292.8 Q
(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18
E 2.5(2a)144 304.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)
180 316.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F3(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87
F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37
(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 328.8 R .38
(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68
-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 340.8 Q .553
(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F2(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552
(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552
(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 352.8 Q
(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E
(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 364.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 376.8 R .236
(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236
(If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855
(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 388.8 R 1.155 -.15
(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F
F2(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 400.8 R .578(xpression i\
s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F
(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 412.8 R(The)6.333 E F3<ad61>3.833
E F0(and)3.833 E F3<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.332
(operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558
(three ar)180 424.8 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058
F .558(gument is)-.18 F F3(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F
.558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F
(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180
436.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52
(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F3(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02
F(ar)180 448.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F3(\))2.985 E F0
2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485
(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E
(wise, the e)180 460.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144
472.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 484.8 R
.385(gument is)-.18 F F3(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385
(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384(tion of the three-ar)
.05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647
(posed of the remaining ar)180 496.8 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F
1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25
G(luated).25 E(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180
508.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 520.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)
-2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 532.8 R 1.635
(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635
(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180
544.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 562.8 Q F3(test)2.5 E
F0(or)2.5 E F3([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F3(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F3
(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E
(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F3(times)108 579.6 Q F0
1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\
 processes run from the shell.)144 579.6 R(The return status is 0.)144
591.6 Q F3(trap)108 608.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E
F4(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F4(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .703(The command)
144 620.4 R F4(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703(is to be read and e)3.423 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .702(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.202(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F4(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G
(f)-5.702 E F4(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608
(absent \(and there is a single)144 632.4 R F4(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108
(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F3<ad>3.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608
(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F
.659(\(the v)144 644.4 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)
-.25 F(If)5.658 E F4(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658
(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F4(sigspec)
144.34 656.4 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)
3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F4(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E
F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F3<ad70>3.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215
(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 668.4 R
F4(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214
F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 680.4 R F3<ad70>3.36
E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F3(trap)3.36 E F0 .86
(prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83
(signal. The)144 692.4 R F3<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \
to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31
(bers. Each)144 704.4 R F4(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811
(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F4(signal.h)A F0 1.811
(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E
(names are case insensiti)144 716.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E
F1(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q
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E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 1.649(If a)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)4.149 E F0
1.649(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F1(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)
4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.)
-.15 F 1.648(If a)6.648 F F1(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F2(DEB)144 96
Q(UG)-.09 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F F1
(ar)3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.167(is e)3.887 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167
(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 1.168(simple command)
3.667 F F0(,)A F1(for)3.668 E F0(command,)3.668 E F1(case)3.668 E F0
(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 108 Q F1(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e)2.647
F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147(ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)2.647 E F0 .146
(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146
(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 120 R F2 .145
(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15
F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extdeb)
2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 132 Q F4(shopt)3.201
E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)
-.25 F F4(DEB)3.2 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F1(sigspec)
3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F2(RETURN)3.2 E F3(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)
144 144 Q F1(ar)3.473 E(g)-.37 E F0 .643(is e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
.643(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
.644(cuted with the).15 F F4(.)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F4(sour)3.144 E(ce)
-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 156 Q -.15(xe)-.15
G(cuting.).15 E .961(If a)144 174 R F1(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is)3.771 E F2
(ERR)3.461 E F3(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F1(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E
F0 .961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25
G 3.461(ra).15 G .96(pipeline \(which may consist of a)-.001 F .185(sin\
gle simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255ze\
ro e)144 186 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452(the follo)144 198
R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F2(ERR)2.952 E F0 .451
(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .451
(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387
(mand list immediately follo)144 210 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F4(while)2.887
E F0(or)2.887 E F4(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388
(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)2.898 E F0 .388
(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 222 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
.778(cuted in a).15 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.278 E F0 .778
(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778
(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.277 E F0
3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 234 R 1.28
(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78
F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F4(!)
3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 246 Q(yed by the)
-.15 E F4(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F4<ad65>A F0 2.5(\)o)C
(ption.)-2.5 E 1.095
(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144
264 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662
(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 276 R .662
(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is)
-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 288 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1
E(y)-.15 E F1(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid; otherwise).25 E F4(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F4(type)108
304.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F4(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1
(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 316.8 S .174
(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F1(name)
3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173
(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F
F4<ad74>144 328.8 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F4(type)3.342 E F0
.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F1(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E
F1 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)3.343 E F0
(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F1
(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F1(name)144.36 340.8 Q F0 .087
(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087
(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F1
(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118
(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 352.8 R .118
(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F
F4<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F4(type)2.619 E F0 .855
(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 364.8 R .855
(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0
.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144
376.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641
(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F4
<ad50>3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F2 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH)
-.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 388.8 R F1(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e)
C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613
F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113
(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F4<ad70>
2.612 E F0(and)144 400.8 Q F4<ad50>3.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23
F .731
(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25
F F2 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F3(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F4<ad61>
144 412.8 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F4(type)4.248 E F0 1.748
(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748
(cutable named).15 F F1(name)4.248 E F0 6.748(.T).18 G(his)-6.748 E .744
(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 424.8 R F4<ad70>
3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .744
(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using)
144 436.8 R F4<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F4<ad66>3.723 E F0
1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the)
144 448.8 R F4(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F4(type)
5.325 E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326
(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326
(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 460.8 Q F4(ulimit)108 477.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F4
(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F1(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144
489.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244
(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
.943(that allo)144 501.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F
(The)5.943 E F4<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F4<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
144 513.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 525.6 R .425
(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F4<ad48>2.926 E
F0(nor)2.926 E F4<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426
(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
537.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
.741(of the special v)144 549.6 R(alues)-.25 E F4(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F4
(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F4(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78
(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 561.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
(is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25
F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 573.6 R F4<ad48>2.999 E F0
.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499
(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F
(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 585.6 Q 2.5
(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F4
<ad61>144 597.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 597.6 Q F4
<ad62>144 609.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 609.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E
(fer size)-.25 E F4<ad63>144 621.6 Q F0
(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 621.6 Q F4<ad64>144 633.6
Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 633.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)
-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F4<ad65>144 645.6 Q F0
(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 645.6 Q F4<ad66>144
657.6 Q F0
(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180
657.6 Q F4<ad69>144 669.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180
669.6 Q F4<ad6b>144 681.6 Q F0
(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 681.6 Q F4
<ad6c>144 693.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 693.6 Q
(ed into memory)-.1 E F4<ad6d>144 705.6 Q F0
(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 705.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F4<ad6e>144 717.6 Q F0 .791(Th\
e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
180 717.6 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F
(be set\))180 729.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(22)
198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>144 84 Q F0
(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 84 Q F1
<ad71>144 96 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)
180 96 Q F1<ad72>144 108 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)
180 108 Q F1<ad73>144 120 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 120 Q F1<ad74>
144 132 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 132 Q F1
<ad75>144 144 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 144 Q -.25(va)
-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 156 Q F0 .47
(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 156 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 168
Q F1<ad78>144 180 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 180 Q F1
<ad50>144 192 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 192 Q F1
<ad54>144 204 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 204 Q(If)144 220.8
Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468
(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F
2.968(wv)-.25 G .468(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468
E .044(no option is gi)144 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1
<ad66>2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1
<ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F 1.589(in seconds;)144
244.8 R F1<ad70>4.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589
(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F1<ad50>4.089 E F0(,)A F1
<ad54>4.089 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>4.089 E F0(,)A F1<ad6b>4.089 E F0(,)A F1
<ad6e>4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F1<ad75>4.089 E F0 4.088(,w)C
1.588(hich are)-4.088 F 1.438(unscaled v)144 256.8 R 1.438
(alues; and, when in Posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.939 E F0(and)3.939 E
F1<ad66>3.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.439(hich are in 512-byte increments.)
-3.939 F(The)6.439 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 268.8 R
-.25(va)-.4 G .404(lid option or ar).25 F .404
(gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144
280.8 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E
F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A
.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 309.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
pted by)144 321.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
333.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 345.6 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
(mode)144.38 357.6 Q F0 .551
(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 369.6 Q
(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
(unalias)108 386.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 398.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E
F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155
F(remo)144 410.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 427.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])
2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 439.2 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F2(name)3.827 E F0
3.827(,r).18 G(emo)-3.827 E 1.627 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.327
(he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327
(If the)6.327 F F1<ad76>3.828 E F0 1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 451.2 Q F0 1.551
(refers to a shell v)4.231 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551
(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.05(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)
4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F 4.641(unset. If)144 463.2 R F1
<ad66>4.641 E F0 2.141(is speci\214ed, each)4.641 F F2(name)5.001 E F0
2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821
F(remo)144 475.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1<ad6e>
2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F2(name)2.537 E F0 .037
(is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E
F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.537 E .492
(be unset rather than the v)144 487.2 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25
F F1<ad6e>5.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1
<ad66>2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .493(If no)5.493 F
.221(options are supplied, each)144 499.2 R F2(name)2.721 E F0 .221
(refers to a v)2.721 F .22(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .22
(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.72(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.72 E 1.188
(tion with that name is unset.)144 511.2 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F
1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(df).15 G
1.189(rom the en)-3.689 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.206
(passed to subsequent commands.)144 523.2 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706
(yo)-.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09
E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.455 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.455 E
F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 535.2 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)
4.347 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.347 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E
F3(DIRST)4.598 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 2.098(are unset, the)4.348
F 4.598(yl)-.15 G 2.098(ose their special)-4.598 F(properties, e)144
547.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15
G(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a)
-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 564 Q
F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C F2 2.5(n.)-2.5 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8
(Wa)144 576 S .027(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its\
 termination status.).8 F(Each)5.026 E F2(n)2.886 E F0 .026
(may be a process ID)2.766 F .256
(or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 588 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
.256(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G .256
(ipeline are w)-2.756 F .256(aited for)-.1 F 5.256(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.256 E
F2(n)3.116 E F0 .318(is not gi)144 600 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .318
(n, all currently acti).15 F .618 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .318
(hild processes are w).15 F .318(aited for)-.1 F 2.818(,a)-.4 G .318
(nd the return status is zero.)-2.818 F .317(If the)5.317 F F1<ad6e>144
612 Q F0 .361(option is supplied,)2.861 F F1(wait)2.861 E F0 -.1(wa)
2.861 G .361(its for an).1 F 2.862(yj)-.15 G .362
(ob to terminate and returns its e)-2.862 F .362(xit status.)-.15 F(If)
5.362 E F2(n)3.222 E F0(speci\214es)3.102 E 2.596(an)144 624 S(on-e)
-2.596 E .096(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F
.095(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.095 F .095(xit status)-.15
F(of the last process or job w)144 636 Q(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E/F5
10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 652.8 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108
664.8 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(23)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF