]> git.ipfire.org Git - thirdparty/cups.git/blobdiff - scheduler/main.c
Merge pull request #5621 from zdohnal/cgigetarray-sigsegv
[thirdparty/cups.git] / scheduler / main.c
index 4f4eef8bb801ff5cd0a7e5e23105e80e9eaf2185..d5fdf971a8acee0ac51bf9e5f353828c4ae3f2bc 100644 (file)
@@ -1,42 +1,11 @@
 /*
- * "$Id: main.c 7925 2008-09-10 17:47:26Z mike $"
+ * Main loop for the CUPS scheduler.
  *
- *   Main loop for the CUPS scheduler.
+ * Copyright © 2007-2019 by Apple Inc.
+ * Copyright © 1997-2007 by Easy Software Products, all rights reserved.
  *
- *   Copyright 2007-2011 by Apple Inc.
- *   Copyright 1997-2007 by Easy Software Products, all rights reserved.
- *
- *   These coded instructions, statements, and computer programs are the
- *   property of Apple Inc. and are protected by Federal copyright
- *   law.  Distribution and use rights are outlined in the file "LICENSE.txt"
- *   "LICENSE" which should have been included with this file.  If this
- *   file is missing or damaged, see the license at "http://www.cups.org/".
- *
- * Contents:
- *
- *   main()                - Main entry for the CUPS scheduler.
- *   cupsdAddString()      - Copy and add a string to an array.
- *   cupsdCheckProcess()   - Tell the main loop to check for dead children.
- *   cupsdClearString()    - Clear a string.
- *   cupsdClosePipe()      - Close a pipe as necessary.
- *   cupsdFreeStrings()    - Free an array of strings.
- *   cupsdHoldSignals()    - Hold child and termination signals.
- *   cupsdOpenPipe()       - Create a pipe which is closed on exec.
- *   cupsdReleaseSignals() - Release signals for delivery.
- *   cupsdSetString()      - Set a string value.
- *   cupsdSetStringf()     - Set a formatted string value.
- *   cupsd_clean_files()   - Clean out old files.
- *   launchd_checkin()     - Check-in with launchd and collect the listening
- *                           fds.
- *   launchd_checkout()    - Update the launchd KeepAlive file as needed.
- *   parent_handler()      - Catch USR1/CHLD signals...
- *   process_children()    - Process all dead children...
- *   select_timeout()      - Calculate the select timeout value.
- *   sigchld_handler()     - Handle 'child' signals from old processes.
- *   sighup_handler()      - Handle 'hangup' signals to reconfigure the
- *                           scheduler.
- *   sigterm_handler()     - Handle 'terminate' signals that stop the scheduler.
- *   usage()               - Show scheduler usage.
+ * Licensed under Apache License v2.0.  See the file "LICENSE" for more
+ * information.
  */
 
 /*
 #define _MAIN_C_
 #include "cupsd.h"
 #include <sys/resource.h>
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#  include <xpc/xpc.h>
+#  include <pthread/qos.h>
+#endif /* __APPLE__ */
+#ifdef HAVE_ASL_H
+#  include <asl.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_SYSTEMD_SD_JOURNAL_H)
+#  define SD_JOURNAL_SUPPRESS_LOCATION
+#  include <systemd/sd-journal.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_ASL_H */
 #include <syslog.h>
 #include <grp.h>
-#include <cups/dir.h>
-#include <fnmatch.h>
 
 #ifdef HAVE_LAUNCH_H
 #  include <launch.h>
-#  include <libgen.h>
-#  define CUPS_KEEPALIVE CUPS_CACHEDIR "/org.cups.cupsd"
-                                       /* Name of the launchd KeepAlive file */
-#  ifndef LAUNCH_JOBKEY_KEEPALIVE
-#    define LAUNCH_JOBKEY_KEEPALIVE "KeepAlive"
-#  endif /* !LAUNCH_JOBKEY_KEEPALIVE */
-#  ifndef LAUNCH_JOBKEY_PATHSTATE
-#    define LAUNCH_JOBKEY_PATHSTATE "PathState"
-#  endif /* !LAUNCH_JOBKEY_PATHSTATE */
-#  ifndef LAUNCH_JOBKEY_SERVICEIPC
-#    define LAUNCH_JOBKEY_SERVICEIPC "ServiceIPC"
-#  endif /* !LAUNCH_JOBKEY_SERVICEIPC */
 #endif /* HAVE_LAUNCH_H */
 
+#ifdef HAVE_SYSTEMD
+#  include <systemd/sd-daemon.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_SYSTEMD */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_ONDEMAND
+#  define CUPS_KEEPALIVE CUPS_CACHEDIR "/org.cups.cupsd"
+                                       /* Name of the KeepAlive file */
+#endif /* HAVE_ONDEMAND */
+
 #if defined(HAVE_MALLOC_H) && defined(HAVE_MALLINFO)
 #  include <malloc.h>
 #endif /* HAVE_MALLOC_H && HAVE_MALLINFO */
+
 #ifdef HAVE_NOTIFY_H
 #  include <notify.h>
 #endif /* HAVE_NOTIFY_H */
 
+#ifdef HAVE_DBUS
+#  include <dbus/dbus.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_DBUS */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H
+#  include <sys/param.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H */
+
 
 /*
  * Local functions...
  */
 
-static void            cupsd_clean_files(const char *path,
-                                         const char *pattern);
-#ifdef HAVE_LAUNCHD
-static void            launchd_checkin(void);
-static void            launchd_checkout(void);
-#endif /* HAVE_LAUNCHD */
 static void            parent_handler(int sig);
 static void            process_children(void);
 static void            sigchld_handler(int sig);
 static void            sighup_handler(int sig);
 static void            sigterm_handler(int sig);
 static long            select_timeout(int fds);
-static void            usage(int status);
+static void            service_checkin(void);
+static void            service_checkout(int shutdown);
+static void            usage(int status) _CUPS_NORETURN;
 
 
 /*
@@ -108,6 +87,8 @@ static int           dead_children = 0;
                                        /* Dead children? */
 static int             stop_scheduler = 0;
                                        /* Should the scheduler stop? */
+static time_t           local_timeout = 0;
+                                        /* Next local printer timeout */
 
 
 /*
@@ -120,14 +101,19 @@ main(int  argc,                           /* I - Number of command-line args */
 {
   int                  i;              /* Looping var */
   char                 *opt;           /* Option character */
-  int                  fg;             /* Run in the foreground */
+  int                  close_all = 1,  /* Close all file descriptors? */
+                       disconnect = 1, /* Disconnect from controlling terminal? */
+                       fg = 0,         /* Run in foreground? */
+                       run_as_child = 0,
+                                       /* Running as child process? */
+                       print_profile = 0;
+                                       /* Print the sandbox profile to stdout? */
   int                  fds;            /* Number of ready descriptors */
   cupsd_client_t       *con;           /* Current client */
   cupsd_job_t          *job;           /* Current job */
   cupsd_listener_t     *lis;           /* Current listener */
   time_t               current_time,   /* Current time */
                        activity,       /* Client activity timer */
-                       browse_time,    /* Next browse send time */
                        senddoc_time,   /* Send-Document time */
                        expire_time,    /* Subscription expire time */
                        report_time,    /* Malloc/client/job report time */
@@ -137,22 +123,15 @@ main(int  argc,                           /* I - Number of command-line args */
 #if defined(HAVE_SIGACTION) && !defined(HAVE_SIGSET)
   struct sigaction     action;         /* Actions for POSIX signals */
 #endif /* HAVE_SIGACTION && !HAVE_SIGSET */
-#ifdef __sgi
-  cups_file_t          *fp;            /* Fake lpsched lock file */
-  struct stat          statbuf;        /* Needed for checking lpsched FIFO */
-#endif /* __sgi */
-  int                  run_as_child = 0;
-                                       /* Needed for background fork/exec */
 #ifdef __APPLE__
-  int                  use_sysman = !getuid();
-                                       /* Use system management functions? */
+  int                  use_sysman = 1; /* Use system management functions? */
 #else
   time_t               netif_time = 0; /* Time since last network update */
 #endif /* __APPLE__ */
-#if HAVE_LAUNCHD
-  int                  launchd_idle_exit;
+#if defined(HAVE_ONDEMAND)
+  int                  service_idle_exit = 0;
                                        /* Idle exit on select timeout? */
-#endif /* HAVE_LAUNCHD */
+#endif /* HAVE_ONDEMAND */
 
 
 #ifdef HAVE_GETEUID
@@ -162,7 +141,7 @@ main(int  argc,                             /* I - Number of command-line args */
 
   if (getuid() != geteuid())
   {
-    fputs("cupsd: Cannot run as a setuid program\n", stderr);
+    fputs("cupsd: Cannot run as a setuid program.\n", stderr);
     return (1);
   }
 #endif /* HAVE_GETEUID */
@@ -173,22 +152,20 @@ main(int  argc,                           /* I - Number of command-line args */
 
   fg = 0;
 
-#ifdef HAVE_LAUNCHD
-  if (getenv("CUPSD_LAUNCHD"))
-  {
-    Launchd = 1;
-    fg      = 1;
-  }
-#endif /* HAVE_LAUNCHD */
-
   for (i = 1; i < argc; i ++)
-    if (argv[i][0] == '-')
+  {
+    if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--help"))
+      usage(0);
+    else if (argv[i][0] == '-')
+    {
       for (opt = argv[i] + 1; *opt != '\0'; opt ++)
+      {
         switch (*opt)
        {
          case 'C' : /* Run as child with config file */
               run_as_child = 1;
-             fg           = -1;
+             fg           = 1;
+             close_all    = 0;
 
          case 'c' : /* Configuration file */
              i ++;
@@ -215,7 +192,6 @@ main(int  argc,                             /* I - Number of command-line args */
 
                 char *current;         /* Current directory */
 
-
               /*
                * Allocate a buffer for the current working directory to
                * reduce run-time stack usage; this approximates the
@@ -244,26 +220,33 @@ main(int  argc,                           /* I - Number of command-line args */
              break;
 
           case 'f' : /* Run in foreground... */
-             fg = 1;
+             fg         = 1;
+             disconnect = 0;
+             close_all  = 0;
              break;
 
           case 'F' : /* Run in foreground, but disconnect from terminal... */
-             fg = -1;
+             fg        = 1;
+             close_all = 0;
              break;
 
           case 'h' : /* Show usage/help */
              usage(0);
              break;
 
-          case 'l' : /* Started by launchd... */
-#ifdef HAVE_LAUNCHD
-             Launchd = 1;
-             fg      = 1;
+          case 'l' : /* Started by launchd/systemd/upstart... */
+#ifdef HAVE_ONDEMAND
+             OnDemand   = 1;
+             fg         = 1;
+             close_all  = 0;
+             disconnect = 0;
 #else
-             _cupsLangPuts(stderr, _("cupsd: launchd(8) support not compiled "
+             _cupsLangPuts(stderr, _("cupsd: On-demand support not compiled "
                                      "in, running in normal mode."));
-              fg = 0;
-#endif /* HAVE_LAUNCHD */
+              fg         = 0;
+             disconnect = 1;
+             close_all  = 1;
+#endif /* HAVE_ONDEMAND */
              break;
 
           case 'p' : /* Stop immediately for profiling */
@@ -271,12 +254,36 @@ main(int  argc,                           /* I - Number of command-line args */
                     "use only!\n", stderr);
              stop_scheduler = 1;
              fg             = 1;
+             disconnect     = 0;
+             close_all      = 0;
              break;
 
           case 'P' : /* Disable security profiles */
-              fputs("cupsd: -P (disable security profiles) is for internal "
-                    "testing use only!\n", stderr);
-             UseProfiles = 0;
+              fputs("cupsd: -P (disable sandboxing) is for internal testing use only.\n", stderr);
+             UseSandboxing = 0;
+             break;
+
+          case 's' : /* Set cups-files.conf location */
+              i ++;
+             if (i >= argc)
+             {
+               _cupsLangPuts(stderr, _("cupsd: Expected cups-files.conf "
+                                       "filename after \"-s\" option."));
+               usage(1);
+             }
+
+              if (argv[i][0] != '/')
+             {
+              /*
+               * Relative filename not allowed...
+               */
+
+               _cupsLangPuts(stderr, _("cupsd: Relative cups-files.conf "
+                                       "filename not allowed."));
+               usage(1);
+              }
+
+             cupsdSetString(&CupsFilesFile, argv[i]);
              break;
 
 #ifdef __APPLE__
@@ -290,26 +297,119 @@ main(int  argc,                          /* I - Number of command-line args */
           case 't' : /* Test the cupsd.conf file... */
              TestConfigFile = 1;
              fg             = 1;
+             disconnect     = 0;
+             close_all      = 0;
              break;
 
+          case 'T' : /* Print security profile */
+              print_profile = 1;
+              fg            = 1;
+              disconnect    = 0;
+              close_all     = 0;
+              break;
+
          default : /* Unknown option */
               _cupsLangPrintf(stderr, _("cupsd: Unknown option \"%c\" - "
                                        "aborting."), *opt);
              usage(1);
              break;
        }
+      }
+    }
     else
     {
       _cupsLangPrintf(stderr, _("cupsd: Unknown argument \"%s\" - aborting."),
                       argv[i]);
       usage(1);
     }
+  }
 
   if (!ConfigurationFile)
     cupsdSetString(&ConfigurationFile, CUPS_SERVERROOT "/cupsd.conf");
 
+  if (!CupsFilesFile)
+  {
+    char       *filename,              /* Copy of cupsd.conf filename */
+               *slash;                 /* Final slash in cupsd.conf filename */
+    size_t     len;                    /* Size of buffer */
+
+    len = strlen(ConfigurationFile) + 15;
+    if ((filename = malloc(len)) == NULL)
+    {
+      _cupsLangPrintf(stderr,
+                     _("cupsd: Unable to get path to "
+                       "cups-files.conf file."));
+      return (1);
+    }
+
+    strlcpy(filename, ConfigurationFile, len);
+    if ((slash = strrchr(filename, '/')) == NULL)
+    {
+      free(filename);
+      _cupsLangPrintf(stderr,
+                     _("cupsd: Unable to get path to "
+                       "cups-files.conf file."));
+      return (1);
+    }
+
+    strlcpy(slash, "/cups-files.conf", len - (size_t)(slash - filename));
+    cupsdSetString(&CupsFilesFile, filename);
+    free(filename);
+  }
+
+  if (disconnect)
+  {
+   /*
+    * Make sure we aren't tying up any filesystems...
+    */
+
+    chdir("/");
+
+   /*
+    * Disconnect from the controlling terminal...
+    */
+
+    setsid();
+  }
+
+  if (close_all)
+  {
+   /*
+    * Close all open files...
+    */
+
+    getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &limit);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < (int)limit.rlim_cur && i < 1024; i ++)
+      close(i);
+
+   /*
+    * Redirect stdin/out/err to /dev/null...
+    */
+
+    if ((i = open("/dev/null", O_RDONLY)) != 0)
+    {
+      dup2(i, 0);
+      close(i);
+    }
+
+    if ((i = open("/dev/null", O_WRONLY)) != 1)
+    {
+      dup2(i, 1);
+      close(i);
+    }
+
+    if ((i = open("/dev/null", O_WRONLY)) != 2)
+    {
+      dup2(i, 2);
+      close(i);
+    }
+  }
+  else
+    LogStderr = cupsFileStderr();
+
  /*
-  * If the user hasn't specified "-f", run in the background...
+  * Run in the background as needed...
   */
 
   if (!fg)
@@ -373,84 +473,33 @@ main(int  argc,                           /* I - Number of command-line args */
       }
     }
 
-#ifdef __OpenBSD__
+#if defined(__OpenBSD__) && OpenBSD < 201211
    /*
     * Call _thread_sys_closefrom() so the child process doesn't reset the
     * parent's file descriptors to be blocking.  This is a workaround for a
-    * limitation of userland libpthread on OpenBSD.
+    * limitation of userland libpthread on older versions of OpenBSD.
     */
 
     _thread_sys_closefrom(0);
-#endif /* __OpenBSD__ */
+#endif /* __OpenBSD__ && OpenBSD < 201211 */
 
    /*
-    * Since CoreFoundation and DBUS both create fork-unsafe data on execution of
-    * a program, and since this kind of really unfriendly behavior seems to be
-    * more common these days in system libraries, we need to re-execute the
-    * background cupsd with the "-C" option to avoid problems.  Unfortunately,
-    * we also have to assume that argv[0] contains the name of the cupsd
-    * executable - there is no portable way to get the real pathname...
+    * Since many system libraries create fork-unsafe data on execution of a
+    * program, we need to re-execute the background cupsd with the "-C" and "-s"
+    * options to avoid problems.  Unfortunately, we also have to assume that
+    * argv[0] contains the name of the cupsd executable - there is no portable
+    * way to get the real pathname...
     */
 
-    execlp(argv[0], argv[0], "-C", ConfigurationFile, (char *)0);
+    execlp(argv[0], argv[0], "-C", ConfigurationFile, "-s", CupsFilesFile, (char *)0);
     exit(errno);
   }
 
-  if (fg < 1)
-  {
-   /*
-    * Make sure we aren't tying up any filesystems...
-    */
-
-    chdir("/");
-
-#ifndef DEBUG
-   /*
-    * Disable core dumps...
-    */
-
-    getrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &limit);
-    limit.rlim_cur = 0;
-    setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &limit);
-
-   /*
-    * Disconnect from the controlling terminal...
-    */
-
-    setsid();
-
-   /*
-    * Close all open files...
-    */
-
-    getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &limit);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < limit.rlim_cur && i < 1024; i ++)
-      close(i);
-
-   /*
-    * Redirect stdin/out/err to /dev/null...
-    */
-
-    if ((i = open("/dev/null", O_RDONLY)) != 0)
-    {
-      dup2(i, 0);
-      close(i);
-    }
-
-    if ((i = open("/dev/null", O_WRONLY)) != 1)
-    {
-      dup2(i, 1);
-      close(i);
-    }
+ /*
+  * Let the system know we are busy while we bring up cupsd...
+  */
 
-    if ((i = open("/dev/null", O_WRONLY)) != 2)
-    {
-      dup2(i, 2);
-      close(i);
-    }
-#endif /* DEBUG */
-  }
+  cupsdSetBusyState(1);
 
  /*
   * Set the timezone info...
@@ -462,6 +511,14 @@ main(int  argc,                            /* I - Number of command-line args */
   setlocale(LC_TIME, "");
 #endif /* LC_TIME */
 
+#ifdef HAVE_DBUS_THREADS_INIT
+ /*
+  * Enable threading support for D-BUS...
+  */
+
+  dbus_threads_init_default();
+#endif /* HAVE_DBUS_THREADS_INIT */
+
  /*
   * Set the maximum number of files...
   */
@@ -480,7 +537,7 @@ main(int  argc,                             /* I - Number of command-line args */
 #endif /* RLIM_INFINITY */
     MaxFDs = limit.rlim_max;
 
-  limit.rlim_cur = MaxFDs;
+  limit.rlim_cur = (rlim_t)MaxFDs;
 
   setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &limit);
 
@@ -491,17 +548,32 @@ main(int  argc,                           /* I - Number of command-line args */
   */
 
   if (!cupsdReadConfiguration())
-  {
-    if (TestConfigFile)
-      printf("%s contains errors\n", ConfigurationFile);
-    else
-      syslog(LOG_LPR, "Unable to read configuration file \'%s\' - exiting!",
-            ConfigurationFile);
     return (1);
-  }
   else if (TestConfigFile)
   {
-    printf("%s is OK\n", ConfigurationFile);
+    printf("\"%s\" is OK.\n", CupsFilesFile);
+    printf("\"%s\" is OK.\n", ConfigurationFile);
+    return (0);
+  }
+  else if (print_profile)
+  {
+    cups_file_t        *fp;                    /* File pointer */
+    const char *profile = cupsdCreateProfile(42, 0);
+                                       /* Profile */
+    char       line[1024];             /* Line from file */
+
+
+    if ((fp = cupsFileOpen(profile, "r")) == NULL)
+    {
+      printf("Unable to open profile file \"%s\": %s\n", profile ? profile : "(null)", strerror(errno));
+      return (1);
+    }
+
+    while (cupsFileGets(fp, line, sizeof(line)))
+      puts(line);
+
+    cupsFileClose(fp);
+
     return (0);
   }
 
@@ -510,21 +582,17 @@ main(int  argc,                           /* I - Number of command-line args */
   */
 
   if (!strncmp(TempDir, RequestRoot, strlen(RequestRoot)))
-    cupsd_clean_files(TempDir, NULL);
+    cupsdCleanFiles(TempDir, NULL);
 
-  cupsd_clean_files(CacheDir, "*.ipp");
+  cupsdCleanFiles(CacheDir, "*.ipp");
 
-#if HAVE_LAUNCHD
-  if (Launchd)
-  {
-   /*
-    * If we were started by launchd get the listen sockets file descriptors...
-    */
+ /*
+  * If we were started on demand by launchd or systemd get the listen sockets
+  * file descriptors...
+  */
 
-    launchd_checkin();
-    launchd_checkout();
-  }
-#endif /* HAVE_LAUNCHD */
+  service_checkin();
+  service_checkout(0);
 
  /*
   * Startup the server...
@@ -573,28 +641,6 @@ main(int  argc,                            /* I - Number of command-line args */
   signal(SIGTERM, sigterm_handler);
 #endif /* HAVE_SIGSET */
 
-#ifdef __sgi
- /*
-  * Try to create a fake lpsched lock file if one is not already there.
-  * Some Adobe applications need it under IRIX in order to enable
-  * printing...
-  */
-
-  if ((fp = cupsFileOpen("/var/spool/lp/SCHEDLOCK", "w")) == NULL)
-  {
-    syslog(LOG_LPR, "Unable to create fake lpsched lock file "
-                    "\"/var/spool/lp/SCHEDLOCK\"\' - %s!",
-           strerror(errno));
-  }
-  else
-  {
-    fchmod(cupsFileNumber(fp), 0644);
-    fchown(cupsFileNumber(fp), User, Group);
-
-    cupsFileClose(fp);
-  }
-#endif /* __sgi */
-
  /*
   * Initialize authentication certificates...
   */
@@ -633,18 +679,17 @@ main(int  argc,                           /* I - Number of command-line args */
   * Send server-started event...
   */
 
-#ifdef HAVE_LAUNCHD
-  if (Launchd)
-    cupsdAddEvent(CUPSD_EVENT_SERVER_STARTED, NULL, NULL,
-                  "Scheduler started via launchd.");
+#ifdef HAVE_ONDEMAND
+  if (OnDemand)
+    cupsdAddEvent(CUPSD_EVENT_SERVER_STARTED, NULL, NULL, "Scheduler started on demand.");
   else
-#endif /* HAVE_LAUNCHD */
+#endif /* HAVE_ONDEMAND */
   if (fg)
-    cupsdAddEvent(CUPSD_EVENT_SERVER_STARTED, NULL, NULL,
-                  "Scheduler started in foreground.");
+    cupsdAddEvent(CUPSD_EVENT_SERVER_STARTED, NULL, NULL, "Scheduler started in foreground.");
   else
-    cupsdAddEvent(CUPSD_EVENT_SERVER_STARTED, NULL, NULL,
-                  "Scheduler started in background.");
+    cupsdAddEvent(CUPSD_EVENT_SERVER_STARTED, NULL, NULL, "Scheduler started in background.");
+
+  cupsdSetBusyState(0);
 
  /*
   * Start any pending print jobs...
@@ -657,9 +702,9 @@ main(int  argc,                             /* I - Number of command-line args */
   */
 
   current_time  = time(NULL);
-  browse_time   = current_time;
   event_time    = current_time;
   expire_time   = current_time;
+  local_timeout = 0;
   fds           = 1;
   report_time   = 0;
   senddoc_time  = current_time;
@@ -688,10 +733,10 @@ main(int  argc,                           /* I - Number of command-line args */
        for (con = (cupsd_client_t *)cupsArrayFirst(Clients);
             con;
             con = (cupsd_client_t *)cupsArrayNext(Clients))
-         if (con->http.state == HTTP_WAITING)
+         if (httpGetState(con->http) == HTTP_WAITING)
            cupsdCloseClient(con);
          else
-           con->http.keep_alive = HTTP_KEEPALIVE_OFF;
+           con->http->keep_alive = HTTP_KEEPALIVE_OFF;
 
         cupsdPauseListening();
       }
@@ -709,6 +754,16 @@ main(int  argc,                            /* I - Number of command-line args */
        * Shutdown the server...
        */
 
+#ifdef HAVE_ONDEMAND
+       if (OnDemand)
+       {
+#  ifndef HAVE_SYSTEMD /* Issue #5640: systemd doesn't actually support launch-on-demand services, need to fake it */
+         stop_scheduler = 1;
+#  endif /* HAVE_SYSTEMD */
+         break;
+       }
+#endif /* HAVE_ONDEMAND */
+
         DoingShutdown = 1;
 
        cupsdStopServer();
@@ -719,23 +774,14 @@ main(int  argc,                           /* I - Number of command-line args */
 
         if (!cupsdReadConfiguration())
         {
-          syslog(LOG_LPR, "Unable to read configuration file \'%s\' - exiting!",
-                ConfigurationFile);
-          break;
-       }
-
-#if HAVE_LAUNCHD
-       if (Launchd)
-       {
-        /*
-         * If we were started by launchd, get the listen socket file
-         * descriptors...
-         */
+#ifdef HAVE_SYSTEMD_SD_JOURNAL_H
+         sd_journal_print(LOG_ERR, "Unable to read configuration file \"%s\" - exiting.", ConfigurationFile);
+#else
+          syslog(LOG_LPR, "Unable to read configuration file \'%s\' - exiting.", ConfigurationFile);
+#endif /* HAVE_SYSTEMD_SD_JOURNAL_H */
 
-         launchd_checkin();
-         launchd_checkout();
+          break;
        }
-#endif /* HAVE_LAUNCHD */
 
        /*
         * Startup the server...
@@ -766,25 +812,37 @@ main(int  argc,                           /* I - Number of command-line args */
     if ((timeout = select_timeout(fds)) > 1 && LastEvent)
       timeout = 1;
 
-#if HAVE_LAUNCHD
+#ifdef HAVE_ONDEMAND
    /*
-    * If no other work is scheduled and we're being controlled by
-    * launchd then timeout after 'LaunchdTimeout' seconds of
+    * If no other work is scheduled and we're being controlled by launchd,
+    * systemd, etc. then timeout after 'IdleExitTimeout' seconds of
     * inactivity...
     */
 
-    if (timeout == 86400 && Launchd && LaunchdTimeout && !NumPolled &&
-        !cupsArrayCount(ActiveJobs) &&
-       (!Browsing ||
-        (!BrowseRemoteProtocols &&
-         (!BrowseLocalProtocols || !cupsArrayCount(Printers)))))
+    if (timeout == 86400 && OnDemand && IdleExitTimeout &&
+#  ifdef HAVE_SYSTEMD
+        !WebInterface &&
+#  endif /* HAVE_SYSTEMD */
+        !cupsArrayCount(ActiveJobs))
     {
-      timeout          = LaunchdTimeout;
-      launchd_idle_exit = 1;
+      cupsd_printer_t *p = NULL;       /* Current printer */
+
+      if (Browsing && BrowseLocalProtocols)
+      {
+        for (p = (cupsd_printer_t *)cupsArrayFirst(Printers); p; p = (cupsd_printer_t *)cupsArrayNext(Printers))
+          if (p->shared)
+            break;
+      }
+
+      if (!p)
+      {
+       timeout           = IdleExitTimeout;
+       service_idle_exit = 1;
+      }
     }
     else
-      launchd_idle_exit = 0;
-#endif /* HAVE_LAUNCHD */
+      service_idle_exit = 0;
+#endif /* HAVE_ONDEMAND */
 
     if ((fds = cupsdDoSelect(timeout)) < 0)
     {
@@ -792,10 +850,9 @@ main(int  argc,                            /* I - Number of command-line args */
       * Got an error from select!
       */
 
-#ifdef HAVE_DNSSD
+#if defined(HAVE_DNSSD) || defined(HAVE_AVAHI)
       cupsd_printer_t  *p;             /* Current printer */
-#endif /* HAVE_DNSSD */
-
+#endif /* HAVE_DNSSD || HAVE_AVAHI */
 
       if (errno == EINTR)              /* Just interrupted by a signal */
         continue;
@@ -812,15 +869,13 @@ main(int  argc,                           /* I - Number of command-line args */
           i ++, con = (cupsd_client_t *)cupsArrayNext(Clients))
         cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_EMERG,
                        "Clients[%d] = %d, file = %d, state = %d",
-                       i, con->http.fd, con->file, con->http.state);
+                       i, con->number, con->file, httpGetState(con->http));
 
       for (i = 0, lis = (cupsd_listener_t *)cupsArrayFirst(Listeners);
            lis;
           i ++, lis = (cupsd_listener_t *)cupsArrayNext(Listeners))
         cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_EMERG, "Listeners[%d] = %d", i, lis->fd);
 
-      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_EMERG, "BrowseSocket = %d", BrowseSocket);
-
       cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_EMERG, "CGIPipes[0] = %d", CGIPipes[0]);
 
 #ifdef __APPLE__
@@ -837,13 +892,13 @@ main(int  argc,                           /* I - Number of command-line args */
                        job->print_pipes[0], job->print_pipes[1],
                        job->back_pipes[0], job->back_pipes[1]);
 
-#ifdef HAVE_DNSSD
+#if defined(HAVE_DNSSD) || defined(HAVE_AVAHI)
       for (p = (cupsd_printer_t *)cupsArrayFirst(Printers);
           p;
           p = (cupsd_printer_t *)cupsArrayNext(Printers))
         cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_EMERG, "printer[%s] reg_name=\"%s\"", p->name,
                        p->reg_name ? p->reg_name : "(null)");
-#endif /* HAVE_DNSSD */
+#endif /* HAVE_DNSSD || HAVE_AVAHI */
 
       break;
     }
@@ -883,13 +938,14 @@ main(int  argc,                           /* I - Number of command-line args */
     }
 #endif /* !__APPLE__ */
 
-#if HAVE_LAUNCHD
+#ifdef HAVE_ONDEMAND
    /*
-    * If no other work was scheduled and we're being controlled by launchd
-    * then timeout after 'LaunchdTimeout' seconds of inactivity...
+    * If no other work was scheduled and we're being controlled by launchd,
+    * systemd, or upstart then timeout after 'LaunchdTimeout' seconds of
+    * inactivity...
     */
 
-    if (!fds && launchd_idle_exit)
+    if (!fds && service_idle_exit)
     {
       cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_INFO,
                       "Printer sharing is off and there are no jobs pending, "
@@ -897,7 +953,7 @@ main(int  argc,                             /* I - Number of command-line args */
       stop_scheduler = 1;
       break;
     }
-#endif /* HAVE_LAUNCHD */
+#endif /* HAVE_ONDEMAND */
 
    /*
     * Resume listening for new connections as needed...
@@ -913,8 +969,7 @@ main(int  argc,                             /* I - Number of command-line args */
 
     if (current_time > expire_time)
     {
-      if (cupsArrayCount(Subscriptions) > 0)
-        cupsdExpireSubscriptions(NULL, NULL);
+      cupsdExpireSubscriptions(NULL, NULL);
 
       cupsdUnloadCompletedJobs();
 
@@ -922,28 +977,13 @@ main(int  argc,                           /* I - Number of command-line args */
     }
 
    /*
-    * Update the browse list as needed...
+    * Delete stale local printers...
     */
 
-    if (Browsing)
-    {
-#ifdef HAVE_LIBSLP
-      if ((BrowseRemoteProtocols & BROWSE_SLP) &&
-          BrowseSLPRefresh <= current_time)
-        cupsdUpdateSLPBrowse();
-#endif /* HAVE_LIBSLP */
-
-#ifdef HAVE_LDAP
-      if ((BrowseRemoteProtocols & BROWSE_LDAP) &&
-          BrowseLDAPRefresh <= current_time)
-        cupsdUpdateLDAPBrowse();
-#endif /* HAVE_LDAP */
-    }
-
-    if (Browsing && current_time > browse_time)
+    if (current_time >= local_timeout)
     {
-      cupsdSendBrowseList();
-      browse_time = current_time;
+      cupsdDeleteTemporaryPrinters(0);
+      local_timeout = 0;
     }
 
 #ifndef HAVE_AUTHORIZATION_H
@@ -960,10 +1000,27 @@ main(int  argc,                          /* I - Number of command-line args */
       */
 
       cupsdDeleteCert(0);
-      cupsdAddCert(0, "root", NULL);
+      cupsdAddCert(0, "root", cupsdDefaultAuthType());
     }
 #endif /* !HAVE_AUTHORIZATION_H */
 
+   /*
+    * Clean job history...
+    */
+
+    if (JobHistoryUpdate && current_time >= JobHistoryUpdate)
+      cupsdCleanJobs();
+
+   /*
+    * Update any pending multi-file documents...
+    */
+
+    if ((current_time - senddoc_time) >= 10)
+    {
+      cupsdCheckJobs();
+      senddoc_time = current_time;
+    }
+
    /*
     * Check for new data on the client sockets...
     */
@@ -976,7 +1033,7 @@ main(int  argc,                            /* I - Number of command-line args */
       * Process pending data in the input buffer...
       */
 
-      if (con->http.used)
+      if (httpGetReady(con->http))
       {
         cupsdReadClient(con);
        continue;
@@ -987,28 +1044,15 @@ main(int  argc,                          /* I - Number of command-line args */
       */
 
       activity = current_time - Timeout;
-      if (con->http.activity < activity && !con->pipe_pid)
+      if (httpGetActivity(con->http) < activity && !con->pipe_pid)
       {
-        cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG,
-                       "Closing client %d after %d seconds of inactivity...",
-                       con->http.fd, Timeout);
+        cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Closing client %d after %d seconds of inactivity.", con->number, Timeout);
 
         cupsdCloseClient(con);
         continue;
       }
     }
 
-   /*
-    * Update any pending multi-file documents...
-    */
-
-    if ((current_time - senddoc_time) >= 10)
-    {
-      cupsdCheckJobs();
-      cupsdCleanJobs();
-      senddoc_time = current_time;
-    }
-
    /*
     * Log statistics at most once a minute when in debug mode...
     */
@@ -1038,8 +1082,6 @@ main(int  argc,                           /* I - Number of command-line args */
                       cupsArrayCount(ActiveJobs));
       cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Report: printers=%d",
                       cupsArrayCount(Printers));
-      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Report: printers-implicit=%d",
-                      cupsArrayCount(ImplicitPrinters));
 
       string_count = _cupsStrStatistics(&alloc_bytes, &total_bytes);
       cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG,
@@ -1124,14 +1166,11 @@ main(int  argc,                         /* I - Number of command-line args */
 
   cupsdStopServer();
 
-#ifdef HAVE_LAUNCHD
  /*
-  * Update the launchd KeepAlive file as needed...
+  * Update the KeepAlive/PID file as needed...
   */
 
-  if (Launchd)
-    launchd_checkout();
-#endif /* HAVE_LAUNCHD */
+  service_checkout(1);
 
  /*
   * Stop all jobs...
@@ -1139,6 +1178,12 @@ main(int  argc,                          /* I - Number of command-line args */
 
   cupsdFreeAllJobs();
 
+ /*
+  * Delete all temporary printers...
+  */
+
+  cupsdDeleteTemporaryPrinters(1);
+
 #ifdef __APPLE__
  /*
   * Stop monitoring system event monitoring...
@@ -1148,39 +1193,10 @@ main(int  argc,                         /* I - Number of command-line args */
     cupsdStopSystemMonitor();
 #endif /* __APPLE__ */
 
-#ifdef HAVE_GSSAPI
- /*
-  * Free the scheduler's Kerberos context...
-  */
+  cupsdStopSelect();
 
-#  ifdef __APPLE__
- /*
-  * If the weak-linked GSSAPI/Kerberos library is not present, don't try
-  * to use it...
-  */
-
-  if (krb5_init_context != NULL)
-#  endif /* __APPLE__ */
-  if (KerberosContext)
-    krb5_free_context(KerberosContext);
-#endif /* HAVE_GSSAPI */
-
-#ifdef __sgi
- /*
-  * Remove the fake IRIX lpsched lock file, but only if the existing
-  * file is not a FIFO which indicates that the real IRIX lpsched is
-  * running...
-  */
-
-  if (!stat("/var/spool/lp/FIFO", &statbuf))
-    if (!S_ISFIFO(statbuf.st_mode))
-      unlink("/var/spool/lp/SCHEDLOCK");
-#endif /* __sgi */
-
-  cupsdStopSelect();
-
-  return (!stop_scheduler);
-}
+  return (!stop_scheduler);
+}
 
 
 /*
@@ -1194,8 +1210,8 @@ cupsdAddString(cups_array_t **a,  /* IO - String array */
   if (!*a)
     *a = cupsArrayNew3((cups_array_func_t)strcmp, NULL,
                       (cups_ahash_func_t)NULL, 0,
-                      (cups_acopy_func_t)_cupsStrAlloc,
-                      (cups_afree_func_t)_cupsStrFree);
+                      (cups_acopy_func_t)strdup,
+                      (cups_afree_func_t)free);
 
   return (cupsArrayAdd(*a, (char *)s));
 }
@@ -1225,37 +1241,12 @@ cupsdClearString(char **s)              /* O - String value */
 {
   if (s && *s)
   {
-    _cupsStrFree(*s);
+    free(*s);
     *s = NULL;
   }
 }
 
 
-/*
- * 'cupsdClosePipe()' - Close a pipe as necessary.
- */
-
-void
-cupsdClosePipe(int *fds)               /* I - Pipe file descriptors (2) */
-{
- /*
-  * Close file descriptors as needed...
-  */
-
-  if (fds[0] >= 0)
-  {
-    close(fds[0]);
-    fds[0] = -1;
-  }
-
-  if (fds[1] >= 0)
-  {
-    close(fds[1]);
-    fds[1] = -1;
-  }
-}
-
-
 /*
  * 'cupsdFreeStrings()' - Free an array of strings.
  */
@@ -1299,59 +1290,6 @@ cupsdHoldSignals(void)
 }
 
 
-/*
- * 'cupsdOpenPipe()' - Create a pipe which is closed on exec.
- */
-
-int                                    /* O - 0 on success, -1 on error */
-cupsdOpenPipe(int *fds)                        /* O - Pipe file descriptors (2) */
-{
- /*
-  * Create the pipe...
-  */
-
-  if (pipe(fds))
-  {
-    fds[0] = -1;
-    fds[1] = -1;
-
-    return (-1);
-  }
-
- /*
-  * Set the "close on exec" flag on each end of the pipe...
-  */
-
-  if (fcntl(fds[0], F_SETFD, fcntl(fds[0], F_GETFD) | FD_CLOEXEC))
-  {
-    close(fds[0]);
-    close(fds[1]);
-
-    fds[0] = -1;
-    fds[1] = -1;
-
-    return (-1);
-  }
-
-  if (fcntl(fds[1], F_SETFD, fcntl(fds[1], F_GETFD) | FD_CLOEXEC))
-  {
-    close(fds[0]);
-    close(fds[1]);
-
-    fds[0] = -1;
-    fds[1] = -1;
-
-    return (-1);
-  }
-
- /*
-  * Return 0 indicating success...
-  */
-
-  return (0);
-}
-
-
 /*
  * 'cupsdReleaseSignals()' - Release signals for delivery.
  */
@@ -1384,10 +1322,10 @@ cupsdSetString(char       **s,          /* O - New string */
     return;
 
   if (*s)
-    _cupsStrFree(*s);
+    free(*s);
 
   if (v)
-    *s = _cupsStrAlloc(v);
+    *s = strdup(v);
   else
     *s = NULL;
 }
@@ -1402,7 +1340,7 @@ cupsdSetStringf(char       **s,           /* O - New string */
                 const char *f,         /* I - Printf-style format string */
                ...)                    /* I - Additional args as needed */
 {
-  char         v[4096];                /* Formatting string value */
+  char         v[65536 + 64];          /* Formatting string value */
   va_list      ap;                     /* Argument pointer */
   char         *olds;                  /* Old string */
 
@@ -1418,263 +1356,16 @@ cupsdSetStringf(char       **s,                /* O - New string */
     vsnprintf(v, sizeof(v), f, ap);
     va_end(ap);
 
-    *s = _cupsStrAlloc(v);
+    *s = strdup(v);
   }
   else
     *s = NULL;
 
   if (olds)
-    _cupsStrFree(olds);
-}
-
-
-/*
- * 'cupsd_clean_files()' - Clean out old files.
- */
-static void
-cupsd_clean_files(const char *path,    /* I - Directory to clean */
-                  const char *pattern) /* I - Filename pattern or NULL */
-{
-  cups_dir_t   *dir;                   /* Directory */
-  cups_dentry_t        *dent;                  /* Directory entry */
-  char         filename[1024];         /* Filename */
-  int          status;                 /* Status from unlink/rmdir */
-
-
-  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG,
-                  "cupsd_clean_files(path=\"%s\", pattern=\"%s\")", path,
-                 pattern ? pattern : "(null)");
-
-  if ((dir = cupsDirOpen(path)) == NULL)
-  {
-    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to open directory \"%s\" - %s",
-                   path, strerror(errno));
-    return;
-  }
-
-  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_INFO, "Cleaning out old files in \"%s\"...", path);
-
-  while ((dent = cupsDirRead(dir)) != NULL)
-  {
-    if (pattern && fnmatch(pattern, dent->filename, 0))
-      continue;
-
-    snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/%s", path, dent->filename);
-
-    if (S_ISDIR(dent->fileinfo.st_mode))
-    {
-      cupsd_clean_files(filename, pattern);
-
-      status = rmdir(filename);
-    }
-    else
-      status = unlink(filename);
-
-    if (status)
-      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to remove \"%s\" - %s", filename,
-                     strerror(errno));
-    else
-      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Removed \"%s\"...", filename);
-  }
-
-  cupsDirClose(dir);
-}
-
-
-#ifdef HAVE_LAUNCHD
-/*
- * 'launchd_checkin()' - Check-in with launchd and collect the listening fds.
- */
-
-static void
-launchd_checkin(void)
-{
-  size_t               i,              /* Looping var */
-                       count;          /* Number of listeners */
-  launch_data_t                ld_msg,         /* Launch data message */
-                       ld_resp,        /* Launch data response */
-                       ld_array,       /* Launch data array */
-                       ld_sockets,     /* Launch data sockets dictionary */
-                       tmp;            /* Launch data */
-  cupsd_listener_t     *lis;           /* Listeners array */
-  http_addr_t          addr;           /* Address variable */
-  socklen_t            addrlen;        /* Length of address */
-  int                  fd;             /* File descriptor */
-  char                 s[256];         /* String addresss */
-
-
-  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "launchd_checkin: pid=%d", (int)getpid());
-
- /*
-  * Check-in with launchd...
-  */
-
-  ld_msg = launch_data_new_string(LAUNCH_KEY_CHECKIN);
-  if ((ld_resp = launch_msg(ld_msg)) == NULL)
-  {
-    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR,
-                   "launchd_checkin: launch_msg(\"" LAUNCH_KEY_CHECKIN
-                   "\") IPC failure");
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-    return; /* anti-compiler-warning */
-  }
-
-  if (launch_data_get_type(ld_resp) == LAUNCH_DATA_ERRNO)
-  {
-    errno = launch_data_get_errno(ld_resp);
-    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "launchd_checkin: Check-in failed: %s",
-                    strerror(errno));
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-    return; /* anti-compiler-warning */
-  }
-
- /*
-  * Get the sockets dictionary...
-  */
-
-  if ((ld_sockets = launch_data_dict_lookup(ld_resp, LAUNCH_JOBKEY_SOCKETS))
-          == NULL)
-  {
-    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR,
-                    "launchd_checkin: No sockets found to answer requests on!");
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-    return; /* anti-compiler-warning */
-  }
-
- /*
-  * Get the array of listener sockets...
-  */
-
-  if ((ld_array = launch_data_dict_lookup(ld_sockets, "Listeners")) == NULL)
-  {
-    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR,
-                    "launchd_checkin: No sockets found to answer requests on!");
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-    return; /* anti-compiler-warning */
-  }
-
- /*
-  * Add listening fd(s) to the Listener array...
-  */
-
-  if (launch_data_get_type(ld_array) == LAUNCH_DATA_ARRAY)
-  {
-    count = launch_data_array_get_count(ld_array);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < count; i ++)
-    {
-     /*
-      * Get the launchd file descriptor and address...
-      */
-
-      if ((tmp = launch_data_array_get_index(ld_array, i)) != NULL)
-      {
-       fd      = launch_data_get_fd(tmp);
-       addrlen = sizeof(addr);
-
-       if (getsockname(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, &addrlen))
-       {
-         cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR,
-                         "launchd_checkin: Unable to get local address - %s",
-                         strerror(errno));
-         continue;
-       }
-
-       /*
-       * Try to match the launchd socket address to one of the listeners...
-       */
-
-       for (lis = (cupsd_listener_t *)cupsArrayFirst(Listeners);
-            lis;
-            lis = (cupsd_listener_t *)cupsArrayNext(Listeners))
-         if (httpAddrEqual(&lis->address, &addr))
-           break;
-
-       /*
-       * Add a new listener If there's no match...
-       */
-
-       if (lis)
-       {
-         cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG,
-                 "launchd_checkin: Matched existing listener %s with fd %d...",
-                 httpAddrString(&(lis->address), s, sizeof(s)), fd);
-       }
-       else
-       {
-         cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG,
-                 "launchd_checkin: Adding new listener %s with fd %d...",
-                 httpAddrString(&addr, s, sizeof(s)), fd);
-
-         if ((lis = calloc(1, sizeof(cupsd_listener_t))) == NULL)
-         {
-           cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR,
-                           "launchd_checkin: Unable to allocate listener - "
-                           "%s.", strerror(errno));
-           exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-         }
-
-         cupsArrayAdd(Listeners, lis);
-
-         memcpy(&lis->address, &addr, sizeof(lis->address));
-       }
-
-       lis->fd = fd;
-
-#  ifdef HAVE_SSL
-       if (_httpAddrPort(&(lis->address)) == 443)
-         lis->encryption = HTTP_ENCRYPT_ALWAYS;
-#  endif /* HAVE_SSL */
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  launch_data_free(ld_msg);
-  launch_data_free(ld_resp);
+    free(olds);
 }
 
 
-/*
- * 'launchd_checkout()' - Update the launchd KeepAlive file as needed.
- */
-
-static void
-launchd_checkout(void)
-{
-  int  fd;                             /* File descriptor */
-
-
- /*
-  * Create or remove the launchd KeepAlive file based on whether
-  * there are active jobs, polling, browsing for remote printers or
-  * shared printers to advertise...
-  */
-
-  if (cupsArrayCount(ActiveJobs) || NumPolled ||
-      (Browsing &&
-       (BrowseRemoteProtocols || 
-        (BrowseLocalProtocols && cupsArrayCount(Printers)))))
-  {
-    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG,
-                    "Creating launchd keepalive file \"" CUPS_KEEPALIVE
-                    "\"...");
-
-    if ((fd = open(CUPS_KEEPALIVE, O_RDONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, S_IRUSR)) >= 0)
-      close(fd);
-  }
-  else
-  {
-    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG,
-                    "Removing launchd keepalive file \"" CUPS_KEEPALIVE
-                    "\"...");
-
-    unlink(CUPS_KEEPALIVE);
-  }
-}
-#endif /* HAVE_LAUNCHD */
-
-
 /*
  * 'parent_handler()' - Catch USR1/CHLD signals...
  */
@@ -1703,6 +1394,7 @@ process_children(void)
   cupsd_job_t  *job;                   /* Current job */
   int          i;                      /* Looping var */
   char         name[1024];             /* Process name */
+  const char   *type;                  /* Type of program */
 
 
   cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "process_children()");
@@ -1742,7 +1434,12 @@ process_children(void)
     * Handle completed job filters...
     */
 
-    if (job_id > 0 && (job = cupsdFindJob(job_id)) != NULL)
+    if (job_id > 0)
+      job = cupsdFindJob(job_id);
+    else
+      job  = NULL;
+
+    if (job)
     {
       for (i = 0; job->filters[i]; i ++)
        if (job->filters[i] == pid)
@@ -1755,12 +1452,18 @@ process_children(void)
        */
 
        if (job->filters[i])
+       {
          job->filters[i] = -pid;
+         type            = "Filter";
+       }
        else
+       {
          job->backend = -pid;
+         type         = "Backend";
+       }
 
        if (status && status != SIGTERM && status != SIGKILL &&
-           status != SIGPIPE && job->status >= 0)
+           status != SIGPIPE)
        {
         /*
          * An error occurred; save the exit status so we know to stop
@@ -1768,22 +1471,42 @@ process_children(void)
          *
          * A negative status indicates that the backend failed and the
          * printer needs to be stopped.
+         *
+         * In order to preserve the most serious status, we always log
+         * when a process dies due to a signal (e.g. SIGABRT, SIGSEGV,
+         * and SIGBUS) and prefer to log the backend exit status over a
+         * filter's.
          */
 
-         if (job->filters[i])
-           job->status = status;       /* Filter failed */
-         else
-           job->status = -status;      /* Backend failed */
+         int old_status = abs(job->status);
+
+          if (WIFSIGNALED(status) ||   /* This process crashed, or */
+              !job->status ||          /* No process had a status, or */
+              (!job->filters[i] && WIFEXITED(old_status)))
+          {                            /* Backend and filter didn't crash */
+           if (job->filters[i])
+           {
+             job->status = status;     /* Filter failed */
+           }
+           else
+           {
+             job->status = -status;    /* Backend failed */
+
+             if (job->current_file < job->num_files)
+               cupsdSetJobState(job, IPP_JOB_ABORTED, CUPSD_JOB_FORCE, "Canceling multi-file job due to backend failure.");
+           }
+          }
 
          if (job->state_value == IPP_JOB_PROCESSING &&
-             job->status_level > CUPSD_LOG_ERROR)
+             job->status_level > CUPSD_LOG_ERROR &&
+             (job->filters[i] || !WIFEXITED(status)))
          {
            char        message[1024];  /* New printer-state-message */
 
 
            job->status_level = CUPSD_LOG_ERROR;
 
-           snprintf(message, sizeof(message), "%s failed", name);
+           snprintf(message, sizeof(message), "%s failed", type);
 
             if (job->printer)
            {
@@ -1806,8 +1529,7 @@ process_children(void)
            }
 
            if (job->printer_message)
-             cupsdSetString(&(job->printer_message->values[0].string.text),
-                            message);
+             ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->printer_message, 0, message);
          }
        }
 
@@ -1816,7 +1538,19 @@ process_children(void)
        * filters are done, and if so move to the next file.
        */
 
-       if (job->current_file < job->num_files && job->printer)
+       if (job->state_value >= IPP_JOB_CANCELED)
+       {
+        /*
+         * Remove the job from the active list if there are no processes still
+         * running for it...
+         */
+
+         for (i = 0; job->filters[i] < 0; i++);
+
+         if (!job->filters[i] && job->backend <= 0)
+           cupsArrayRemove(ActiveJobs, job);
+       }
+       else if (job->current_file < job->num_files && job->printer)
        {
          for (i = 0; job->filters[i] < 0; i ++);
 
@@ -1831,18 +1565,6 @@ process_children(void)
            cupsdContinueJob(job);
          }
        }
-       else if (job->state_value >= IPP_JOB_CANCELED)
-       {
-        /*
-         * Remove the job from the active list if there are no processes still
-         * running for it...
-         */
-
-         for (i = 0; job->filters[i] < 0; i++);
-
-         if (!job->filters[i] && job->backend <= 0)
-           cupsArrayRemove(ActiveJobs, job);
-       }
       }
     }
 
@@ -1853,33 +1575,42 @@ process_children(void)
 
     if (status == SIGTERM || status == SIGKILL)
     {
-      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG,
-                      "PID %d (%s) was terminated normally with signal %d.",
-                      pid, name, status);
+      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG,
+                 "PID %d (%s) was terminated normally with signal %d.", pid,
+                 name, status);
     }
     else if (status == SIGPIPE)
     {
-      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG,
-                      "PID %d (%s) did not catch or ignore signal %d.",
-                      pid, name, status);
+      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG,
+                 "PID %d (%s) did not catch or ignore signal %d.", pid, name,
+                 status);
     }
     else if (status)
     {
       if (WIFEXITED(status))
-       cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "PID %d (%s) stopped with status %d!",
-                       pid, name, WEXITSTATUS(status));
+      {
+        int code = WEXITSTATUS(status);        /* Exit code */
+
+        if (code > 100)
+         cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG,
+                     "PID %d (%s) stopped with status %d (%s)", pid, name,
+                     code, strerror(code - 100));
+       else
+         cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG,
+                     "PID %d (%s) stopped with status %d.", pid, name, code);
+      }
       else
-       cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "PID %d (%s) crashed on signal %d!",
-                       pid, name, WTERMSIG(status));
+       cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "PID %d (%s) crashed on signal %d.",
+                   pid, name, WTERMSIG(status));
 
       if (LogLevel < CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG)
-        cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_INFO,
-                       "Hint: Try setting the LogLevel to \"debug\" to find "
-                       "out more.");
+        cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_INFO,
+                   "Hint: Try setting the LogLevel to \"debug\" to find out "
+                   "more.");
     }
     else
-      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "PID %d (%s) exited with no errors.",
-                      pid, name);
+      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "PID %d (%s) exited with no errors.",
+                 pid, name);
   }
 
  /*
@@ -1902,12 +1633,13 @@ select_timeout(int fds)                 /* I - Number of descriptors returned */
   long                 timeout;        /* Timeout for select */
   time_t               now;            /* Current time */
   cupsd_client_t       *con;           /* Client information */
-  cupsd_printer_t      *p;             /* Printer information */
   cupsd_job_t          *job;           /* Job information */
-  cupsd_subscription_t *sub;           /* Subscription information */
   const char           *why;           /* Debugging aid */
 
 
+  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "select_timeout: JobHistoryUpdate=%ld",
+                 (long)JobHistoryUpdate);
+
  /*
   * Check to see if any of the clients have pending data to be
   * processed; if so, the timeout should be 0...
@@ -1916,7 +1648,7 @@ select_timeout(int fds)                   /* I - Number of descriptors returned */
   for (con = (cupsd_client_t *)cupsArrayFirst(Clients);
        con;
        con = (cupsd_client_t *)cupsArrayNext(Clients))
-    if (con->http.used > 0)
+    if (httpGetReady(con->http))
       return (0);
 
  /*
@@ -1938,13 +1670,13 @@ select_timeout(int fds)                 /* I - Number of descriptors returned */
 
 #ifdef __APPLE__
  /*
-  * When going to sleep, wake up to cancel jobs that don't complete in time.
+  * When going to sleep, wake up to abort jobs that don't complete in time.
   */
 
   if (SleepJobs > 0 && SleepJobs < timeout)
   {
     timeout = SleepJobs;
-    why     = "cancel jobs before sleeping";
+    why     = "abort jobs before sleeping";
   }
 #endif /* __APPLE__ */
 
@@ -1970,60 +1702,12 @@ select_timeout(int fds)                 /* I - Number of descriptors returned */
   for (con = (cupsd_client_t *)cupsArrayFirst(Clients);
        con;
        con = (cupsd_client_t *)cupsArrayNext(Clients))
-    if ((con->http.activity + Timeout) < timeout)
+    if ((httpGetActivity(con->http) + Timeout) < timeout)
     {
-      timeout = con->http.activity + Timeout;
+      timeout = httpGetActivity(con->http) + Timeout;
       why     = "timeout a client connection";
     }
 
- /*
-  * Update the browse list as needed...
-  */
-
-  if (Browsing && BrowseLocalProtocols)
-  {
-#ifdef HAVE_LIBSLP
-    if ((BrowseLocalProtocols & BROWSE_SLP) && (BrowseSLPRefresh < timeout))
-    {
-      timeout = BrowseSLPRefresh;
-      why     = "update SLP browsing";
-    }
-#endif /* HAVE_LIBSLP */
-
-#ifdef HAVE_LDAP
-    if ((BrowseLocalProtocols & BROWSE_LDAP) && (BrowseLDAPRefresh < timeout))
-    {
-      timeout = BrowseLDAPRefresh;
-      why     = "update LDAP browsing";
-    }
-#endif /* HAVE_LDAP */
-
-    if ((BrowseLocalProtocols & BROWSE_CUPS) && NumBrowsers)
-    {
-      for (p = (cupsd_printer_t *)cupsArrayFirst(Printers);
-           p;
-          p = (cupsd_printer_t *)cupsArrayNext(Printers))
-      {
-       if (p->type & CUPS_PRINTER_REMOTE)
-       {
-         if ((p->browse_time + BrowseTimeout) < timeout)
-         {
-           timeout = p->browse_time + BrowseTimeout;
-           why     = "browse timeout a printer";
-         }
-       }
-       else if (p->shared && !(p->type & CUPS_PRINTER_IMPLICIT))
-       {
-         if (BrowseInterval && (p->browse_time + BrowseInterval) < timeout)
-         {
-           timeout = p->browse_time + BrowseInterval;
-           why     = "send browse update";
-         }
-       }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
  /*
   * Write out changes to configuration and state files...
   */
@@ -2035,13 +1719,19 @@ select_timeout(int fds)                 /* I - Number of descriptors returned */
   }
 
  /*
-  * Check for any active jobs...
+  * Check for any job activity...
   */
 
   for (job = (cupsd_job_t *)cupsArrayFirst(ActiveJobs);
        job;
        job = (cupsd_job_t *)cupsArrayNext(ActiveJobs))
   {
+    if (job->cancel_time && job->cancel_time < timeout)
+    {
+      timeout = job->cancel_time;
+      why     = "cancel stuck jobs";
+    }
+
     if (job->kill_time && job->kill_time < timeout)
     {
       timeout = job->kill_time;
@@ -2053,7 +1743,8 @@ select_timeout(int fds)                   /* I - Number of descriptors returned */
       timeout = job->hold_until;
       why     = "release held jobs";
     }
-    else if (job->state_value == IPP_JOB_PENDING && timeout > (now + 10))
+
+    if (job->state_value == IPP_JOB_PENDING && timeout > (now + 10))
     {
       timeout = now + 10;
       why     = "start pending jobs";
@@ -2061,37 +1752,10 @@ select_timeout(int fds)                 /* I - Number of descriptors returned */
     }
   }
 
-#ifdef HAVE_MALLINFO
  /*
-  * Log memory usage every minute...
-  */
-
-  if (LogLevel >= CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG && (mallinfo_time + 60) < timeout)
-  {
-    timeout = mallinfo_time + 60;
-    why     = "display memory usage";
-  }
-#endif /* HAVE_MALLINFO */
-
- /*
-  * Expire subscriptions as needed...
-  */
-
-  for (sub = (cupsd_subscription_t *)cupsArrayFirst(Subscriptions);
-       sub;
-       sub = (cupsd_subscription_t *)cupsArrayNext(Subscriptions))
-    if (!sub->job && sub->expire && sub->expire < timeout)
-    {
-      timeout = sub->expire;
-      why     = "expire subscription";
-    }
-
- /*
-  * Adjust from absolute to relative time.  If p->browse_time above
-  * was 0 then we can end up with a negative value here, so check.
-  * We add 1 second to the timeout since events occur after the
-  * timeout expires, and limit the timeout to 86400 seconds (1 day)
-  * to avoid select() timeout limits present on some operating
+  * Adjust from absolute to relative time.  We add 1 second to the timeout since
+  * events occur after the timeout expires, and limit the timeout to 86400
+  * seconds (1 day) to avoid select() timeout limits present on some operating
   * systems...
   */
 
@@ -2173,6 +1837,290 @@ sigterm_handler(int sig)                /* I - Signal number */
 }
 
 
+#ifdef HAVE_ONDEMAND
+/*
+ * 'service_add_listener()' - Bind an open fd as a Listener.
+ */
+
+static void
+service_add_listener(int fd,           /* I - Socket file descriptor */
+                     int idx)          /* I - Listener number, for logging */
+{
+  cupsd_listener_t     *lis;           /* Listeners array */
+  http_addr_t          addr;           /* Address variable */
+  socklen_t            addrlen;        /* Length of address */
+  char                 s[256];         /* String addresss */
+
+
+  addrlen = sizeof(addr);
+
+  if (getsockname(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, &addrlen))
+  {
+    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "service_add_listener: Unable to get local address for listener #%d: %s", idx + 1, strerror(errno));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "service_add_listener: Listener #%d at fd %d, \"%s\".", idx + 1, fd, httpAddrString(&addr, s, sizeof(s)));
+
+ /*
+  * Try to match the on-demand socket address to one of the listeners...
+  */
+
+  for (lis = (cupsd_listener_t *)cupsArrayFirst(Listeners);
+       lis;
+       lis = (cupsd_listener_t *)cupsArrayNext(Listeners))
+    if (httpAddrEqual(&lis->address, &addr))
+      break;
+
+  /*
+   * Add a new listener If there's no match...
+   */
+
+  if (lis)
+  {
+    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "service_add_listener: Matched existing listener #%d to %s.", idx + 1, httpAddrString(&(lis->address), s, sizeof(s)));
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "service_add_listener: Adding new listener #%d for %s.", idx + 1, httpAddrString(&addr, s, sizeof(s)));
+
+    if ((lis = calloc(1, sizeof(cupsd_listener_t))) == NULL)
+    {
+      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "service_add_listener: Unable to allocate listener: %s.", strerror(errno));
+      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    cupsArrayAdd(Listeners, lis);
+
+    memcpy(&lis->address, &addr, sizeof(lis->address));
+  }
+
+  lis->fd        = fd;
+  lis->on_demand = 1;
+
+#  ifdef HAVE_SSL
+  if (httpAddrPort(&(lis->address)) == 443)
+    lis->encryption = HTTP_ENCRYPT_ALWAYS;
+#  endif /* HAVE_SSL */
+}
+#endif /* HAVE_ONDEMAND */
+
+
+/*
+ * 'service_checkin()' - Check-in with launchd and collect the listening fds.
+ */
+
+static void
+service_checkin(void)
+{
+  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "service_checkin: pid=%d", (int)getpid());
+
+#ifdef HAVE_LAUNCHD
+  if (OnDemand)
+  {
+    int       error;                        /* Check-in error, if any */
+    size_t    i,                            /* Looping var */
+              count;                        /* Number of listeners */
+    int       *ld_sockets;                  /* Listener sockets */
+
+#  ifdef __APPLE__
+   /*
+    * Force "user initiated" priority for the main thread...
+    */
+
+    pthread_set_qos_class_self_np(QOS_CLASS_USER_INITIATED, 0);
+#  endif /* __APPLE__ */
+
+   /*
+    * Check-in with launchd...
+    */
+
+    if ((error = launch_activate_socket("Listeners", &ld_sockets, &count)) != 0)
+    {
+      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "service_checkin: Unable to get listener sockets: %s", strerror(error));
+      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+      return; /* anti-compiler-warning */
+    }
+
+   /*
+    * Try to match the launchd sockets to the cupsd listeners...
+    */
+
+    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "service_checkin: %d listeners.", (int)count);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < count; i ++)
+      service_add_listener(ld_sockets[i], (int)i);
+
+    free(ld_sockets);
+
+#  ifdef __APPLE__
+    xpc_transaction_begin();
+#  endif /* __APPLE__ */
+  }
+
+#elif defined(HAVE_SYSTEMD)
+  if (OnDemand)
+  {
+    int         i,                      /* Looping var */
+                count;                  /* Number of listeners */
+
+   /*
+    * Check-in with systemd...
+    */
+
+    if ((count = sd_listen_fds(0)) < 0)
+    {
+      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "service_checkin: Unable to get listener sockets: %s", strerror(-count));
+      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+      return; /* anti-compiler-warning */
+    }
+
+   /*
+    * Try to match the systemd sockets to the cupsd listeners...
+    */
+
+    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "service_checkin: %d listeners.", count);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < count; i ++)
+      service_add_listener(SD_LISTEN_FDS_START + i, i);
+  }
+
+#elif defined(HAVE_UPSTART)
+  if (OnDemand)
+  {
+    const char    *e;                   /* Environment var */
+    int           fd;                   /* File descriptor */
+
+
+    if (!(e = getenv("UPSTART_EVENTS")))
+    {
+      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "service_checkin: We did not get started via Upstart.");
+      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (strcasecmp(e, "socket"))
+    {
+      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "service_checkin: We did not get triggered via an Upstart socket event.");
+      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if ((e = getenv("UPSTART_FDS")) == NULL)
+    {
+      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "service_checkin: Unable to get listener sockets from UPSTART_FDS.");
+      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "service_checkin: UPSTART_FDS=%s", e);
+
+    fd = (int)strtol(e, NULL, 10);
+    if (fd < 0)
+    {
+      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "service_checkin: Could not parse UPSTART_FDS: %s", strerror(errno));
+      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+      return;
+    }
+
+   /*
+    * Upstart only supportst a single on-demand socket file descriptor...
+    */
+
+    service_add_listener(fd, 0);
+  }
+#endif /* HAVE_LAUNCHD */
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * 'service_checkout()' - Update the KeepAlive/PID file as needed.
+ */
+
+static void
+service_checkout(int shutdown)          /* I - Shutting down? */
+{
+  cups_file_t   *fp;                   /* File */
+  char          pidfile[1024];          /* PID/KeepAlive file */
+
+
+ /*
+  * When running on-demand, use the KeepAlive file, otherwise write a PID file
+  * to StateDir...
+  */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_ONDEMAND
+  if (OnDemand)
+  {
+    int shared_printers = 0;           /* Do we have shared printers? */
+
+    strlcpy(pidfile, CUPS_KEEPALIVE, sizeof(pidfile));
+
+   /*
+    * If printer sharing is on see if there are any actual shared printers...
+    */
+
+    if (Browsing && BrowseLocalProtocols)
+    {
+      cupsd_printer_t *p = NULL;       /* Current printer */
+
+      for (p = (cupsd_printer_t *)cupsArrayFirst(Printers); p; p = (cupsd_printer_t *)cupsArrayNext(Printers))
+      {
+        if (p->shared)
+          break;
+      }
+
+      shared_printers = (p != NULL);
+    }
+
+    if (cupsArrayCount(ActiveJobs) ||  /* Active jobs */
+        WebInterface ||                        /* Web interface enabled */
+        NeedReload ||                  /* Doing a reload */
+        shared_printers)                /* Printers being shared */
+    {
+     /*
+      * Create or remove the "keep-alive" file based on whether there are active
+      * jobs or shared printers to advertise...
+      */
+
+      shutdown = 0;
+    }
+  }
+  else
+#endif /* HAVE_ONDEMAND */
+  snprintf(pidfile, sizeof(pidfile), "%s/cupsd.pid", StateDir);
+
+  if (shutdown)
+  {
+    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Removing KeepAlive/PID file \"%s\".", pidfile);
+
+    unlink(pidfile);
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Creating KeepAlive/PID file \"%s\".", pidfile);
+
+    if ((fp = cupsFileOpen(pidfile, "w")) != NULL)
+    {
+     /*
+      * Save the PID in the file...
+      */
+
+      cupsFilePrintf(fp, "%d\n", (int)getpid());
+      cupsFileClose(fp);
+    }
+    else
+      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to create KeepAlive/PID file \"%s\": %s", pidfile, strerror(errno));
+  }
+
+#  ifdef __APPLE__
+  if (OnDemand && shutdown)
+    xpc_transaction_end();
+#  endif /* __APPLE__ */
+}
+
+
 /*
  * 'usage()' - Show scheduler usage.
  */
@@ -2185,20 +2133,15 @@ usage(int status)                       /* O - Exit status */
 
   _cupsLangPuts(fp, _("Usage: cupsd [options]"));
   _cupsLangPuts(fp, _("Options:"));
-  _cupsLangPuts(fp, _("  -c config-file          Load alternate configuration "
-                      "file."));
-  _cupsLangPuts(fp, _("  -f                      Run in the foreground."));
-  _cupsLangPuts(fp, _("  -F                      Run in the foreground but "
-                      "detach from console."));
-  _cupsLangPuts(fp, _("  -h                      Show this usage message."));
-  _cupsLangPuts(fp, _("  -l                      Run cupsd from launchd(8)."));
-  _cupsLangPuts(fp, _("  -t                      Test the configuration "
-                      "file."));
+  _cupsLangPuts(fp, _("-c cupsd.conf           Set cupsd.conf file to use."));
+  _cupsLangPuts(fp, _("-f                      Run in the foreground."));
+  _cupsLangPuts(fp, _("-F                      Run in the foreground but detach from console."));
+  _cupsLangPuts(fp, _("-h                      Show this usage message."));
+#ifdef HAVE_ONDEMAND
+  _cupsLangPuts(fp, _("-l                      Run cupsd on demand."));
+#endif /* HAVE_ONDEMAND */
+  _cupsLangPuts(fp, _("-s cups-files.conf      Set cups-files.conf file to use."));
+  _cupsLangPuts(fp, _("-t                      Test the configuration file."));
 
   exit(status);
 }
-
-
-/*
- * End of "$Id: main.c 7925 2008-09-10 17:47:26Z mike $".
- */