9 dracut.cmdline - dracut kernel command line options
13 The root device used by the kernel is specified in the boot configuration
14 file on the kernel command line, as always.
16 The traditional _root=/dev/sda1_ style device specification is allowed, but not
17 encouraged. The root device should better be identified by LABEL or UUID. If a
18 label is used, as in _root=LABEL=<label_of_root>_ the initramfs will search all
19 available devices for a filesystem with the appropriate label, and mount that
20 device as the root filesystem. _root=UUID=<uuidnumber>_ will mount the partition
21 with that UUID as the root filesystem.
23 In the following all kernel command line parameters, which are processed by
24 dracut, are described.
26 "rd.*" parameters mentioned without "=" are boolean parameters. They can be
27 turned on/off by setting them to {0|1}. If the assignment with "=" is missing
28 "=1" is implied. For example _rd.info_ can be turned off with _rd.info=0_ or
29 turned on with _rd.info=1_ or _rd.info_. The last value in the kernel command
30 line is the value, which is honored.
34 **init=**_<path to real init>_::
35 specify the path to the init programm to be started after the initramfs has
38 **root=**_<path to blockdevice>_::
39 specify the block device to use as the root filesystem.
45 root=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1
46 root=/dev/disk/by-label/Root
48 root=/dev/disk/by-uuid/3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7
49 root=UUID=3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7
50 root=PARTUUID=3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7
53 **rootfstype=**_<filesystem type>_:: "auto" if not specified, e.g.:
59 **rootflags=**_<mount options>_::
60 specify additional mount options for the root filesystem. If not set,
61 _/etc/fstab_ of the real root will be parsed for special mount options and
65 do not honor special mount options for the root filesystem found in
66 _/etc/fstab_ of the real root.
68 **resume=**_<path to resume partition>_
73 resume=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1
74 resume=/dev/disk/by-uuid/3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7
75 resume=UUID=3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7
79 skip fsck for rootfs and _/usr_. If you're mounting _/usr_ read-only and
80 the init system performs fsck before remount, you might want to use this
81 option to avoid duplication.
84 force mounting _/usr_ read-only. Use this option if your init system
85 performs remount of _/usr_ the same as it does with rootfs.
90 **rd.driver.blacklist=**_<drivername>[,<drivername>,...]_::
91 do not load kernel module <drivername>. This parameter can be specified
94 **rd.driver.pre=**_<drivername>[,<drivername>,...]_::
95 force loading kernel module <drivername>. This parameter can be specified
98 **rd.driver.post=**_<drivername>[,<drivername>,...]_::
99 force loading kernel module <drivername> after all automatic loading modules
100 have been loaded. This parameter can be specified multiple times.
102 [[dracutkerneldebug]]
106 print informational output though "quiet" is set
109 allow dropping to a shell, if root mounting fails
112 set -x for the dracut shell and logs to dmesg, console and
113 _/run/initramfs/init.log_
116 drop to a shell at the end
118 **rd.break=**_{cmdline|pre-udev|pre-trigger|initqueue|pre-mount|mount|pre-pivot|cleanup}_::
119 drop to a shell on defined breakpoint
122 set udev to loglevel info
125 set udev to loglevel debug
129 **vconsole.keymap=**_<keymap base file name>_::
130 keyboard translation table loaded by loadkeys; taken from keymaps directory;
131 will be written as KEYMAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs, e.g.:
134 vconsole.keymap=de-latin1-nodeadkeys
137 **vconsole.keymap.ext=**_<list of keymap base file names>_::
138 list of extra keymaps to bo loaded (sep. by space); will be written as
139 EXT_KEYMAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs
141 **vconsole.unicode**[=_{0|1}_]::
142 boolean, indicating UTF-8 mode; will be written as UNICODE to
143 _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs
145 **vconsole.font=**_<font base file name>_::
146 console font; taken from consolefonts directory; will be written as FONT to
147 _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs; e.g.:
150 vconsole.font=LatArCyrHeb-16
153 **vconsole.font.map=**_<console map base file name>_::
154 see description of '-m' parameter in setfont manual; taken from consoletrans
155 directory; will be written as FONT_MAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the
158 **vconsole.font.unimap=**_<unicode table base file name>_::
159 see description of '-u' parameter in setfont manual; taken from unimaps
160 directory; will be written as FONT_UNIMAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the
163 **locale.LANG=**_<locale>_::
164 taken from the environment; if no UNICODE is defined we set its value in
165 basis of LANG value (whether it ends with ".utf8" (or similar) or not); will
166 be written as LANG to _/etc/locale.conf_ in the initramfs; e.g.:
169 locale.LANG=pl_PL.utf8
172 **locale.LC_ALL=**_<locale>_::
173 taken from the environment; will be written as LC_ALL to _/etc/locale.conf_
179 disable LVM detection
181 **rd.lvm.vg=**_<volume group name>_::
182 only activate the volume groups with the given name. rd.lvm.vg can be
183 specified multiple times on the kernel command line.
185 **rd.lvm.lv=**_<logical volume name>_::
186 only activate the logical volumes with the given name. rd.lvm.lv can be
187 specified multiple times on the kernel command line.
190 remove any _/etc/lvm/lvm.conf_, which may exist in the initramfs
195 disable crypto LUKS detection
197 **rd.luks.uuid=**_<luks uuid>_::
198 only activate the LUKS partitions with the given UUID. Any "luks-" of the
199 LUKS UUID is removed before comparing to _<luks uuid>_.
200 The comparisons also matches, if _<luks uuid>_ is only the beginning of the
201 LUKS UUID, so you don't have to specify the full UUID.
202 This parameter can be specified multiple times.
204 **rd.luks.allow-discards=**_<luks uuid>_::
205 Allow using of discards (TRIM) requests for LUKS partitions with the given UUID.
206 Any "luks-" of the LUKS UUID is removed before comparing to _<luks uuid>_.
207 The comparisons also matches, if _<luks uuid>_ is only the beginning of the
208 LUKS UUID, so you don't have to specify the full UUID.
209 This parameter can be specified multiple times.
211 **rd.luks.allow-discards::
212 Allow using of discards (TRIM) requests on all LUKS partitions.
214 **rd.luks.crypttab=0**::
215 do not check, if LUKS partition is in _/etc/crypttab_
217 crypto LUKS - key on removable device support
218 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
219 **rd.luks.key=**_<keypath>:<keydev>:<luksdev>_::
220 _keypath_ is a path to key file to look for. It's REQUIRED. When _keypath_ ends with '.gpg' it's considered to be key encrypted symmetrically with GPG. You will be prompted for password on boot. GPG support comes with 'crypt-gpg' module which needs to be added explicitly.
222 _keydev_ is a device on which key file resides. It might be kernel name of devices (should start with "/dev/"), UUID (prefixed with "UUID=") or label (prefix with "LABEL="). You don't have to specify full UUID. Just its beginning will suffice, even if its ambiguous. All matching devices will be probed. This parameter is recommended, but not required. If not present, all block devices will be probed, which may significantly increase boot time.
224 If _luksdev_ is given, the specified key will only be applied for that LUKS device. Possible values are the same as for _keydev_. Unless you have several LUKS devices, you don't have to specify this parameter. The simplest usage is:
227 rd.luks.key=/foo/bar.key
230 As you see, you can skip colons in such a case.
235 disable MD RAID detection
238 disable MD RAID for imsm/isw raids, use DM RAID instead
241 disable MD RAID for SNIA ddf raids, use DM RAID instead
244 ignore mdadm.conf included in initramfs
246 **rd.md.waitclean=1**::
247 wait for any resync, recovery, or reshape activity to finish before continuing
249 **rd.md.uuid=**_<md raid uuid>_::
250 only activate the raid sets with the given UUID. This parameter can be
251 specified multiple times.
256 disable DM RAID detection
258 **rd.dm.uuid=**_<dm raid uuid>_::
259 only activate the raid sets with the given UUID. This parameter can be
260 specified multiple times.
267 **boot=**_<boot device>_::
268 specify the device, where /boot is located. e.g.
272 boot=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1
277 **rd.fips.skipkernel**::
278 skip checksum check of the kernel image. Useful, if the kernel image is not
279 in a separate boot partition.
283 **ip=**_{dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6|ibft}_::
284 dhcp|on|any::: get ip from dhcp server from all interfaces. If root=dhcp, loop
285 sequentially through all interfaces (eth0, eth1, ...) and use the first with
286 a valid DHCP root-path.
288 auto6::: IPv6 autoconfiguration
292 ibft::: iBFT autoconfiguration
294 **ip=**_<interface>_:_{dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6}_[:[_<mtu>_][:_<macaddr>_]]::
295 This parameter can be specified multiple times.
297 dhcp|on|any|dhcp6::: get ip from dhcp server on a specific interface
298 auto6::: do IPv6 autoconfiguration
299 <macaddr>::: optionally set <macaddr> on the <interface>
301 **ip=**_<client-IP>_:_<server-IP>_:_<gateway-IP>_:_<netmask>_:_<client_hostname>_:_<interface>_:_{none|off|dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6|ibft}_[:[_<mtu>_][:_<macaddr>_]]::
302 explicit network configuration. If you want do define a IPv6 address, put it
303 in brackets (e.g. [2001:DB8::1]). This parameter can be specified multiple
306 <macaddr>::: optionally set <macaddr> on the <interface>
308 **ifname=**_<interface>_:_<MAC>_::
309 Assign network device name <interface> (ie eth0) to the NIC with MAC <MAC>.
310 Note: If you use this option you _must_ specify an ifname= argument for all
311 interfaces used in ip= or fcoe= arguments. However, if the interface in
312 ip= or fcoe= is a bridge, bonding or vlan interface, you should specify
313 an ifname= for _each_ of its underlying interfaces. This parameter can be
314 specified multiple times.
316 **bootdev=**_<interface>_::
317 specify network interface to use routing and netroot information from.
318 Required if multiple ip= lines are used.
320 **nameserver=**__<IP>__ [**nameserver=**__<IP>__ ...]::
321 specify nameserver(s) to use
324 boolean, turn off biosdevname network interface renaming
326 **vlan=_<vlanname>_:_<phydevice>_**::
327 Setup vlan device named <vlanname> on <phydeivce>.
328 We support the four styles of vlan names: VLAN_PLUS_VID (vlan0005), VLAN_PLUS_VID_NO_PAD (vlan5),
329 DEV_PLUS_VID (eth0.0005), DEV_PLUS_VID_NO_PAD (eth0.5)
331 **bond=_<bondname>_[:_<bondslaves>_:[:_<options>_]]**::
332 Setup bonding device <bondname> on top of <bondslaves>.
333 <bondslaves> is a comma-separated list of physical (ethernet) interfaces.
334 <options> is a comma-separated list on bonding options (modinfo bonding for details)
335 in format compatible with initscripts. If <options> includes multi-valued arp_ip_target option,
336 then its values should be separated by semicolon.
337 Bond without parameters assumes bond=bond0:eth0,eth1:mode=balance-rr
339 **bridge=_<bridgename>_:_<ethnames>_**::
340 Setup bridge <bridgename> with <ethnames>. <ethnames> is a comma-separated
341 list of physical (ethernet) interfaces. Bridge without parameters assumes bridge=br0:eth0
346 **root=**[_<server-ip>_:]_<root-dir>_[:_<nfs-options>_]::
347 mount nfs share from <server-ip>:/<root-dir>, if no server-ip is given, use
348 dhcp next_server. if server-ip is an IPv6 address it has to be put in
349 brackets, e.g. [2001:DB8::1]. NFS options can be appended with the prefix
350 ":" or "," and are seperated by ",".
352 **root=**nfs:[_<server-ip>_:]_<root-dir>_[:_<nfs-options>_], **root=**nfs4:[_<server-ip>_:]_<root-dir>_[:_<nfs-options>_], **root=**_{dhcp|dhcp6}_::
353 root=dhcp alone directs initrd to look at the DHCP root-path where NFS
354 options can be specified.
357 root-path=<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
358 root-path=nfs:<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
359 root-path=nfs4:<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
362 **root=**_/dev/nfs_ nfsroot=[_<server-ip>_:]_<root-dir>_[:_<nfs-options>_]::
363 _Deprecated!_ kernel Documentation_/filesystems/nfsroot.txt_ defines this
364 method. This is supported by dracut, but not recommended.
366 **rd.nfs.domain=**_<NFSv4 domain name>_::
367 Set the NFSv4 domain name. Will overwrite the settings in _/etc/idmap.conf_.
371 **root=**iscsi:[_<username>_:_<password>_[:_<reverse>_:_<password>_]@][_<servername>_]:[_<protocol>_]:[_<port>_][:[_<iscsi_iface_name>_]:[_<netdev_name>_]]:[_<LUN>_]:_<targetname>_::
372 protocol defaults to "6", LUN defaults to "0". If the "servername" field is
373 provided by BOOTP or DHCP, then that field is used in conjunction with other
374 associated fields to contact the boot server in the Boot stage. However, if
375 the "servername" field is not provided, then the "targetname" field is then
376 used in the Discovery Service stage in conjunction with other associated
378 link:$$http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4173#section-5$$[rfc4173].
382 root=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0
385 If servername is an IPv6 address, it has to be put in brackets. e.g.:
388 root=iscsi:[2001:DB8::1]::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0
391 **root=**_???_ **netroot=**iscsi:[_<username>_:_<password>_[:_<reverse>_:_<password>_]@][_<servername>_]:[_<protocol>_]:[_<port>_][:[_<iscsi_iface_name>_]:[_<netdev_name>_]]:[_<LUN>_]:_<targetname>_ ...::
392 multiple netroot options allow setting up multiple iscsi disks. e.g.:
396 netroot=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0
397 netroot=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target1
400 If servername is an IPv6 address, it has to be put in brackets. e.g.:
403 netroot=iscsi:[2001:DB8::1]::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0
406 **root=**_???_ **rd.iscsi.initiator=**_<initiator>_ **rd.iscsi.target.name=**_<target name>_ **rd.iscsi.target.ip=**_<target ip>_ **rd.iscsi.target.port=**_<target port>_ **rd.iscsi.target.group=**_<target group>_ **rd.iscsi.username=**_<username>_ **rd.iscsi.password=**_<password>_ **rd.iscsi.in.username=**_<in username>_ **rd.iscsi.in.password=**_<in password>_::
407 manually specify all iscsistart parameter (see **+iscsistartĀ --help+**)
409 **root=**_???_ **netroot=**iscsi **rd.iscsi.firmware=1**::
410 will read the iscsi parameter from the BIOS firmware
412 **rd.iscsi.param=**_<param>_::
413 <param> will be passed as "--param <param>" to iscsistart.
414 This parameter can be specified multiple times.
418 "netroot=iscsi iscsi_firmware rd.iscsi.param=node.session.timeo.replacement_timeout=30"
424 iscsistart -b --param node.session.timeo.replacement_timeout=30
429 **fcoe=**_<edd|interface|MAC>_:_{dcb|nodcb}_::
430 Try to connect to a FCoE SAN through the NIC specified by _<interface>_ or
431 _<MAC>_ or EDD settings. For the second argument, currently only nodcb is
432 supported. This parameter can be specified multiple times. Note: letters in
433 the MAC-address must be lowercase!
437 **root=**??? **netroot=**nbd:_<server>_:_<port>_[:_<fstype>_[:_<mountopts>_[:_<nbdopts>_]]]::
438 mount nbd share from <server>
440 **root=dhcp** with **dhcp** **root-path=**nbd:_<server>_:_<port>_[:_<fstype>_[:_<mountopts>_[:_<nbdopts>_]]]::
441 root=dhcp alone directs initrd to look at the DHCP root-path where NBD
442 options can be specified. This syntax is only usable in cases where you are
443 directly mounting the volume as the rootfs.
448 same syntax as the kernel module parameter (s390 only)
452 **rd.zfcp=**_<zfcp adaptor device bus ID>_,_<WWPN>_,_<FCPLUN>_::
453 rd.zfcp can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. e.g.:
456 rd.zfcp=0.0.4000,0x5005076300C213e9,0x5022000000000000
460 ignore zfcp.conf included in the initramfs
464 **rd.znet=**_<nettype>_,_<subchannels>_,_<options>_::
465 rd.znet can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. e.g.:
468 rd.znet=qeth,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,0.0.0602,layer2=1,portname=foo
469 rd.znet=ctc,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,0.0.0602,protocol=bar
474 **plymouth.enable=0**::
475 disable the plymouth bootsplash completly.
478 disable the plymouth bootsplash only for the initramfs.
482 **masterkey=**_<kernel master key path name>_::
483 Set the path name of the kernel master key. e.g.:
486 masterkey=/etc/keys/kmk-trusted.blob
489 **masterkeytype=**_<kernel master key type>_::
490 Set the type of the kernel master key. e.g.:
493 masterkeytype=trusted
496 **evmkey=**_<EVM key path name>_::
497 Set the path name of the EVM key. e.g.:
500 evmkey=/etc/keys/evm-trusted.blob
503 **ecryptfskey=**_<eCryptfs key path name>_::
504 Set the path name of the eCryptfs key. e.g.:
507 ecryptfskey=/etc/keys/ecryptfs-trusted.blob
510 Deprecated, renamed Options
511 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
512 Here is a list of options, which were used in dracut prior to version 008, and their new replacement.
518 rd_DASD_MOD:: rd.dasd
522 rdinitdebug rdnetdebug:: rd.debug
526 rd_DM_UUID:: rd.dm.uuid
528 rdblacklist:: rd.driver.blacklist
530 rdinsmodpost:: rd.driver.post
532 rdloaddriver:: rd.driver.pre
534 rd_NO_FSTAB:: rd.fstab=0
538 check:: rd.live.check
540 rdlivedebug:: rd.live.debug
542 live_dir:: rd.live.dir
544 liveimg:: rd.live.image
546 overlay:: rd.live.overlay
548 readonly_overlay:: rd.live.overlay.readonly
550 reset_overlay:: rd.live.overlay.reset
552 live_ram:: rd.live.ram
554 rd_NO_CRYPTTAB:: rd.luks.crypttab=0
556 rd_LUKS_KEYDEV_UUID:: rd.luks.keydev.uuid
558 rd_LUKS_KEYPATH:: rd.luks.keypath
560 rd_NO_LUKS:: rd.luks=0
562 rd_LUKS_UUID:: rd.luks.uuid
564 rd_NO_LVMCONF:: rd.lvm.conf
566 rd_LVM_LV:: rd.lvm.lv
570 rd_LVM_SNAPSHOT:: rd.lvm.snapshot
572 rd_LVM_SNAPSIZE:: rd.lvm.snapsize
574 rd_LVM_VG:: rd.lvm.vg
576 rd_NO_MDADMCONF:: rd.md.conf=0
578 rd_NO_MDIMSM:: rd.md.imsm=0
582 rd_MD_UUID:: rd.md.uuid
584 rd_NFS_DOMAIN:: rd.nfs.domain
586 iscsi_initiator:: rd.iscsi.initiator
588 iscsi_target_name:: rd.iscsi.target.name
590 iscsi_target_ip:: rd.iscsi.target.ip
592 iscsi_target_port:: rd.iscsi.target.port
594 iscsi_target_group:: rd.iscsi.target.group
596 iscsi_username:: rd.iscsi.username
598 iscsi_password:: rd.iscsi.password
600 iscsi_in_username:: rd.iscsi.in.username
602 iscsi_in_password:: rd.iscsi.in.password
604 iscsi_firmware:: rd.iscsi.firmware=0
606 rd_NO_PLYMOUTH:: rd.plymouth=0
612 rd_NO_SPLASH:: rd.splash
614 rdudevdebug:: rd.udev.debug
616 rdudevinfo:: rd.udev.info
618 rd_NO_ZFCPCONF:: rd.zfcp.conf=0
624 KEYMAP:: vconsole.keymap
626 KEYTABLE:: vconsole.keymap
628 SYSFONT:: vconsole.font
630 CONTRANS:: vconsole.font.map
632 UNIMAP:: vconsole.font.unimap
634 UNICODE:: vconsole.unicode
636 EXT_KEYMAP:: vconsole.keymap.ext
638 Configuration in the Initramfs
639 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
641 Any files found in _/etc/conf.d/_ will be sourced in the initramfs to
642 set initial values. Command line options will override these values
643 set in the configuration files.
646 Can contain additional command line options.
648 _/etc/cmdline.d/*.conf_::
649 Can contain additional command line options.
657 *dracut*(8) *dracut.conf*(5)