timezone/antarctica

   1 # <pre>
   2 # @(#)antarctica        8.5
   3 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
   4 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
   5
   6 # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
   7 # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
   8 # <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/">
   9 # COMNAP - Stations and Bases
  10 # </a>
  11 # and
  12 # <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm">
  13 # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
  14 # </a>
  15 # for information.
  16 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
  17 #
  18 # Except for the French entries,
  19 # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
  20 # FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
  21
  22 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
  23 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
  24 Rule    RussAQ  1981    1984    -       Apr      1       0:00   1:00    S
  25 Rule    RussAQ  1981    1983    -       Oct      1       0:00   0       -
  26 Rule    RussAQ  1984    1991    -       Sep     lastSun  2:00s  0       -
  27 Rule    RussAQ  1985    1991    -       Mar     lastSun  2:00s  1:00    S
  28 Rule    RussAQ  1992    only    -       Mar     lastSat  23:00  1:00    S
  29 Rule    RussAQ  1992    only    -       Sep     lastSat  23:00  0       -
  30 Rule    RussAQ  1993    max     -       Mar     lastSun  2:00s  1:00    S
  31 Rule    RussAQ  1993    1995    -       Sep     lastSun  2:00s  0       -
  32 Rule    RussAQ  1996    max     -       Oct     lastSun  2:00s  0       -
  33
  34 # These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
  35 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
  36 Rule    ArgAQ   1964    1966    -       Mar      1      0:00    0       -
  37 Rule    ArgAQ   1964    1966    -       Oct     15      0:00    1:00    S
  38 Rule    ArgAQ   1967    only    -       Apr      2      0:00    0       -
  39 Rule    ArgAQ   1967    1968    -       Oct     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    S
  40 Rule    ArgAQ   1968    1969    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:00    0       -
  41 Rule    ArgAQ   1974    only    -       Jan     23      0:00    1:00    S
  42 Rule    ArgAQ   1974    only    -       May      1      0:00    0       -
  43 Rule    ChileAQ 1972    1986    -       Mar     Sun>=9  3:00u   0       -
  44 Rule    ChileAQ 1974    1987    -       Oct     Sun>=9  4:00u   1:00    S
  45 Rule    ChileAQ 1987    only    -       Apr     12      3:00u   0       -
  46 Rule    ChileAQ 1988    1989    -       Mar     Sun>=9  3:00u   0       -
  47 Rule    ChileAQ 1988    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1  4:00u   1:00    S
  48 Rule    ChileAQ 1989    only    -       Oct     Sun>=9  4:00u   1:00    S
  49 Rule    ChileAQ 1990    only    -       Mar     18      3:00u   0       -
  50 Rule    ChileAQ 1990    only    -       Sep     16      4:00u   1:00    S
  51 Rule    ChileAQ 1991    1996    -       Mar     Sun>=9  3:00u   0       -
  52 Rule    ChileAQ 1991    1997    -       Oct     Sun>=9  4:00u   1:00    S
  53 Rule    ChileAQ 1997    only    -       Mar     30      3:00u   0       -
  54 Rule    ChileAQ 1998    only    -       Mar     Sun>=9  3:00u   0       -
  55 Rule    ChileAQ 1998    only    -       Sep     27      4:00u   1:00    S
  56 Rule    ChileAQ 1999    only    -       Apr      4      3:00u   0       -
  57 Rule    ChileAQ 1999    max     -       Oct     Sun>=9  4:00u   1:00    S
  58 Rule    ChileAQ 2000    max     -       Mar     Sun>=9  3:00u   0       -
  59
  60
  61 # Argentina - year-round bases
  62 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
  63 # Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
  64 # Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
  65 # Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
  66 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
  67 # San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21
  68 #       (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
  69
  70 # Australia - territories
  71 # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
  72 #       previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
  73 #       <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
  74 #       Margaret Turner reports
  75 #       </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
  76 #       presumably this is when they have visitors.
  77 #
  78 # year-round bases
  79 # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
  80 # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
  81 #       (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
  82 # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
  83 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
  84 Zone Antarctica/Casey   0       -       zzz     1969
  85                         8:00    -       WST     # Western (Aus) Standard Time
  86 Zone Antarctica/Davis   0       -       zzz     1957 Jan 13
  87                         7:00    -       DAVT    1964 Nov # Davis Time
  88                         0       -       zzz     1969 Feb
  89                         7:00    -       DAVT
  90 Zone Antarctica/Mawson  0       -       zzz     1954 Feb 13
  91                         6:00    -       MAWT    # Mawson Time
  92 # References:
  93 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html">
  94 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
  95 # </a>
  96 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html">
  97 # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
  98 # </a>
  99 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html">
 100 # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
 101 # </a>
 102
 103 # Brazil - year-round base
 104 # Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
 105
 106 # Chile - year-round bases and towns
 107 # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
 108 # Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
 109 # General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
 110 # Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941
 111 # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
 112 # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
 113
 114 # China - year-round bases
 115 # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
 116 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
 117
 118 # France - year-round bases
 119 #
 120 # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
 121 # Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
 122 # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
 123 # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases
 124 # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came
 125 # from Tasmania.
 126 #
 127 # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
 128 #
 129 # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
 130 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
 131 # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
 132 #       whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
 133 #
 134 # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
 135 #       fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
 136 #
 137 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 138 Zone Indian/Kerguelen   0       -       zzz     1950    # Port-aux-Francais
 139                         5:00    -       TFT     # ISO code TF Time
 140 #
 141 # year-round base in the main continent
 142 # Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
 143 #
 144 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
 145 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
 146 #
 147 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 148 Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -      zzz     1947
 149                         10:00   -       PMT     1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
 150                         0       -       zzz     1956 Nov
 151                         10:00   -       DDUT    # Dumont-d'Urville Time
 152 # Reference:
 153 # <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station">
 154 # Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05)
 155 # </a>
 156
 157 # Germany - year-round base
 158 # Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815
 159
 160 # India - year-round base
 161 # Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200
 162
 163 # Japan - year-round bases
 164 # Dome Fuji, -7719+03942
 165 # Syowa, -690022+0393524
 166 #
 167 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
 168 # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
 169 #
 170 # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
 171 # was established on 1957-01-29.  Since Syowa station is still the main
 172 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
 173 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 174 Zone Antarctica/Syowa   0       -       zzz     1957 Jan 29
 175                         3:00    -       SYOT    # Syowa Time
 176 # See:
 177 # <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html">
 178 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
 179 # </a>
 180
 181 # S Korea - year-round base
 182 # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
 183
 184 # New Zealand - claims
 185 # Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
 186 # Scott Island (never inhabited)
 187 #
 188 # year-round base
 189 # Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo.
 190 #
 191 # These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file.
 192 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 193 Rule    NZAQ    1974    only    -       Nov      3      2:00s   1:00    D
 194 Rule    NZAQ    1975    1988    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00s   1:00    D
 195 Rule    NZAQ    1989    only    -       Oct      8      2:00s   1:00    D
 196 Rule    NZAQ    1990    2006    -       Oct     Sun>=1  2:00s   1:00    D
 197 Rule    NZAQ    1975    only    -       Feb     23      2:00s   0       S
 198 Rule    NZAQ    1976    1989    -       Mar     Sun>=1  2:00s   0       S
 199 Rule    NZAQ    1990    2007    -       Mar     Sun>=15 2:00s   0       S
 200 Rule    NZAQ    2007    max     -       Sep     lastSun 2:00s   1:00    D
 201 Rule    NZAQ    2008    max     -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00s   0       S
 202
 203 # Norway - territories
 204 # Bouvet (never inhabited)
 205 #
 206 # claims
 207 # Peter I Island (never inhabited)
 208
 209 # Poland - year-round base
 210 # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
 211
 212 # Russia - year-round bases
 213 # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
 214 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
 215 # Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551,
 216 #       year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01
 217 # Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150,
 218 #       year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
 219
 220 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
 221 # <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP">
 222 # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>:
 223 # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
 224 # time as Moscow, Russia.
 225 #
 226 # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
 227 # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
 228 # what they had to say about time there:
 229 # ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
 230 # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
 231 # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
 232 # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
 233 # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.''
 234 #
 235 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
 236 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
 237 # in person.  He said that some Antartic locations set their local
 238 # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
 239 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
 240 # solar noon.  So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
 241 # happened to be during their visit.  So we still don't really know what time
 242 # it is at Vostok.  But we'll guess UTC+6.
 243 #
 244 Zone Antarctica/Vostok  0       -       zzz     1957 Dec 16
 245                         6:00    -       VOST    # Vostok time
 246
 247 # S Africa - year-round bases
 248 # Marion Island, -4653+03752
 249 # Sanae, -7141-00250
 250
 251 # UK
 252 #
 253 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
 254 # South Orkney Islands
 255 #       scientific station from 1903
 256 #       whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
 257 # South Shetland Islands
 258 #
 259 # year-round bases
 260 # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
 261 # Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931,
 262 #       scientific station 1943/1967,
 263 #       previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
 264 #       and a garrison was deployed briefly
 265 # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06
 266 #       Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated
 267 #       so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
 268 # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
 269 #
 270 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)
 271 # <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year.
 272 #
 273 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 274 Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0       -       zzz     1976 Dec  1
 275                         -3:00   -       ROTT    # Rothera time
 276
 277 # Uruguay - year round base
 278 # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
 279
 280 # USA - year-round bases
 281 #
 282 # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
 283 #
 284 # From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06):
 285 # It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
 286 # and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
 287 # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
 288 # Palmer has followed Chile.  Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
 289 # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
 290 #
 291 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 292 Zone Antarctica/Palmer  0       -       zzz     1965
 293                         -4:00   ArgAQ   AR%sT   1969 Oct 5
 294                         -3:00   ArgAQ   AR%sT   1982 May
 295                         -4:00   ChileAQ CL%sT
 296 #
 297 #
 298 # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
 299 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 300 Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0       -       zzz     1956
 301                         12:00   NZAQ    NZ%sT
 302 #
 303 # Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
 304 #
 305 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
 306 # Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the
 307 # larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit.
 308 #
 309 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
 310 # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
 311 # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
 312 # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
 313 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
 314 # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
 315 # at that time (1957).  (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)
 316 #
 317 # From Susan Smith
 318 # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
 319 # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):
 320 # We use the same time as McMurdo does.
 321 # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
 322 # One last quirk about South Pole time.
 323 # All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
 324 # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
 325 # makes all of the clocks run fast.  So every couple of days,
 326 # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
 327 # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
 328 #
 329 Link    Antarctica/McMurdo      Antarctica/South_Pole