timezone/antarctica

   1 # @(#)antarctica        8.1
   2 # <pre>
   3
   4 # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
   5 # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
   6 # <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/">
   7 # COMNAP - Stations and Bases
   8 # </a>
   9 # and
  10 # <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm">
  11 # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
  12 # </a>
  13 # for information.
  14 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
  15 #
  16 # Except for the French entries,
  17 # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
  18 # FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
  19
  20 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
  21 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
  22 Rule    RussAQ  1981    1984    -       Apr      1       0:00   1:00    S
  23 Rule    RussAQ  1981    1983    -       Oct      1       0:00   0       -
  24 Rule    RussAQ  1984    1991    -       Sep     lastSun  2:00s  0       -
  25 Rule    RussAQ  1985    1991    -       Mar     lastSun  2:00s  1:00    S
  26 Rule    RussAQ  1992    only    -       Mar     lastSat  23:00  1:00    S
  27 Rule    RussAQ  1992    only    -       Sep     lastSat  23:00  0       -
  28 Rule    RussAQ  1993    max     -       Mar     lastSun  2:00s  1:00    S
  29 Rule    RussAQ  1993    1995    -       Sep     lastSun  2:00s  0       -
  30 Rule    RussAQ  1996    max     -       Oct     lastSun  2:00s  0       -
  31
  32 # These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
  33 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
  34 Rule    ArgAQ   1964    1966    -       Mar      1      0:00    0       -
  35 Rule    ArgAQ   1964    1966    -       Oct     15      0:00    1:00    S
  36 Rule    ArgAQ   1967    only    -       Apr      1      0:00    0       -
  37 Rule    ArgAQ   1967    1968    -       Oct     Sun<=7  0:00    1:00    S
  38 Rule    ArgAQ   1968    1969    -       Apr     Sun<=7  0:00    0       -
  39 Rule    ArgAQ   1974    only    -       Jan     23      0:00    1:00    S
  40 Rule    ArgAQ   1974    only    -       May      1      0:00    0       -
  41 Rule    ArgAQ   1974    1976    -       Oct     Sun<=7  0:00    1:00    S
  42 Rule    ArgAQ   1975    1977    -       Apr     Sun<=7  0:00    0       -
  43 Rule    ChileAQ 1966    1997    -       Oct     Sun>=9  0:00    1:00    S
  44 Rule    ChileAQ 1967    1998    -       Mar     Sun>=9  0:00    0       -
  45 Rule    ChileAQ 1998    only    -       Sep     27      0:00    1:00    S
  46 Rule    ChileAQ 1999    only    -       Apr      4      0:00    0       -
  47 Rule    ChileAQ 1999    max     -       Oct     Sun>=9  0:00    1:00    S
  48 Rule    ChileAQ 2000    max     -       Mar     Sun>=9  0:00    0       -
  49
  50
  51 # Argentina - year-round bases
  52 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
  53 # Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
  54 # Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
  55 # Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
  56 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
  57 # San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21
  58 #       (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
  59
  60 # Australia - territories
  61 # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
  62 #       previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
  63 #       <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
  64 #       Margaret Turner reports
  65 #       </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
  66 #       presumably this is when they have visitors.
  67 #
  68 # year-round bases
  69 # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
  70 # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
  71 #       (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
  72 # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
  73 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
  74 Zone Antarctica/Casey   0       -       zzz     1969
  75                         8:00    -       WST     # Western (Aus) Standard Time
  76 Zone Antarctica/Davis   0       -       zzz     1957 Jan 13
  77                         7:00    -       DAVT    1964 Nov # Davis Time
  78                         0       -       zzz     1969 Feb
  79                         7:00    -       DAVT
  80 Zone Antarctica/Mawson  0       -       zzz     1954 Feb 13
  81                         6:00    -       MAWT    # Mawson Time
  82 # References:
  83 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html">
  84 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
  85 # </a>
  86 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html">
  87 # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
  88 # </a>
  89 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html">
  90 # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
  91 # </a>
  92
  93 # Brazil - year-round base
  94 # Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
  95
  96 # Chile - year-round bases and towns
  97 # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
  98 # Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
  99 # General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
 100 # Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941
 101 # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
 102 # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
 103
 104 # China - year-round bases
 105 # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
 106 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
 107
 108 # France - year-round bases
 109 #
 110 # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
 111 # Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
 112 # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
 113 # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases
 114 # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came
 115 # from Tasmania.
 116 #
 117 # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
 118 #
 119 # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
 120 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
 121 # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
 122 #       whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
 123 #
 124 # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
 125 #       fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
 126 #
 127 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 128 Zone Indian/Kerguelen   0       -       zzz     1950    # Port-aux-Francais
 129                         5:00    -       TFT     # ISO code TF Time
 130 #
 131 # year-round base in the main continent
 132 # Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
 133 #
 134 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
 135 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
 136 #
 137 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 138 Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -      zzz     1947
 139                         10:00   -       PMT     1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
 140                         0       -       zzz     1956 Nov
 141                         10:00   -       DDUT    # Dumont-d'Urville Time
 142 # Reference:
 143 # <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station">
 144 # Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05)
 145 # </a>
 146
 147 # Germany - year-round base
 148 # Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815
 149
 150 # India - year-round base
 151 # Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200
 152
 153 # Japan - year-round bases
 154 # Dome Fuji, -7719+03942
 155 # Syowa, -690022+0393524
 156 #
 157 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
 158 # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
 159 #
 160 # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
 161 # was established on 1957-01-29.  Since Syowa station is still the main
 162 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
 163 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 164 Zone Antarctica/Syowa   0       -       zzz     1957 Jan 29
 165                         3:00    -       SYOT    # Syowa Time
 166 # See:
 167 # <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html">
 168 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
 169 # </a>
 170
 171 # S Korea - year-round base
 172 # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
 173
 174 # New Zealand - claims
 175 # Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
 176 # Scott Island (never inhabited)
 177 #
 178 # year-round base
 179 # Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo.
 180 #
 181 # These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file.
 182 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 183 Rule    NZAQ    1974    only    -       Nov      3      2:00s   1:00    D
 184 Rule    NZAQ    1975    1988    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00s   1:00    D
 185 Rule    NZAQ    1989    only    -       Oct      8      2:00s   1:00    D
 186 Rule    NZAQ    1990    max     -       Oct     Sun>=1  2:00s   1:00    D
 187 Rule    NZAQ    1975    only    -       Feb     23      2:00s   0       S
 188 Rule    NZAQ    1976    1989    -       Mar     Sun>=1  2:00s   0       S
 189 Rule    NZAQ    1990    max     -       Mar     Sun>=15 2:00s   0       S
 190
 191 # Norway - territories
 192 # Bouvet (never inhabited)
 193 #
 194 # claims
 195 # Peter I Island (never inhabited)
 196
 197 # Poland - year-round base
 198 # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
 199
 200 # Russia - year-round bases
 201 # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
 202 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
 203 # Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551,
 204 #       year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01
 205 # Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150,
 206 #       year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
 207
 208 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
 209 # <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP">
 210 # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>:
 211 # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
 212 # time as Moscow, Russia.
 213 #
 214 # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
 215 # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
 216 # what they had to say about time there:
 217 # ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
 218 # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
 219 # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
 220 # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
 221 # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.''
 222 #
 223 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
 224 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
 225 # in person.  He said that some Antartic locations set their local
 226 # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
 227 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
 228 # solar noon.  So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
 229 # happened to be during their visit.  So we still don't really know what time
 230 # it is at Vostok.  But we'll guess UTC+6.
 231 #
 232 Zone Antarctica/Vostok  0       -       zzz     1957 Dec 16
 233                         6:00    -       VOST    # Vostok time
 234
 235 # S Africa - year-round bases
 236 # Marion Island, -4653+03752
 237 # Sanae, -7141-00250
 238
 239 # UK
 240 #
 241 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
 242 # South Orkney Islands
 243 #       scientific station from 1903
 244 #       whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
 245 # South Shetland Islands
 246 #
 247 # year-round bases
 248 # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
 249 # Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931,
 250 #       scientific station 1943/1967,
 251 #       previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
 252 #       and a garrison was deployed briefly
 253 # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06
 254 #       Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated
 255 #       so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
 256 # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
 257 #
 258 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)
 259 # <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year.
 260 #
 261 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 262 Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0       -       zzz     1976 Dec  1
 263                         -3:00   -       ROTT    # Rothera time
 264
 265 # Uruguay - year round base
 266 # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
 267
 268 # USA - year-round bases
 269 #
 270 # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
 271 #
 272 # From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06):
 273 # It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
 274 # and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
 275 # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
 276 # Palmer has followed Chile.  Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
 277 # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
 278 #
 279 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 280 Zone Antarctica/Palmer  0       -       zzz     1965
 281                         -4:00   ArgAQ   AR%sT   1969 Oct 5
 282                         -3:00   ArgAQ   AR%sT   1982 May
 283                         -4:00   ChileAQ CL%sT
 284 #
 285 #
 286 # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
 287 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 288 Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0       -       zzz     1956
 289                         12:00   NZAQ    NZ%sT
 290 #
 291 # Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
 292 #
 293 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
 294 # Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the
 295 # larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit.
 296 #
 297 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
 298 # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
 299 # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
 300 # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
 301 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
 302 # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
 303 # at that time (1957).  (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)
 304 #
 305 # From Susan Smith
 306 # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
 307 # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):
 308 # We use the same time as McMurdo does.
 309 # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
 310 # One last quirk about South Pole time.
 311 # All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
 312 # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
 313 # makes all of the clocks run fast.  So every couple of days,
 314 # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
 315 # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
 316 #
 317 Link    Antarctica/McMurdo      Antarctica/South_Pole