.PP
The numeric-valued options below (bytes and blocks) can be followed
by a multiplier: `k'=1024, `b'=512, `w'=2, `c'=1
-(`w' and `c' are GNU extensions; `w' should never be used -
+(`w' and `c' are GNU extensions; `w' should never be used \-
it means 2 in System V and 4 in 4.2BSD).
Two or more of such numeric expressions can be multiplied
by putting `x' in between.
.BR dircolors / color-ls
package distributed with Slackware Linux. Notably, specific support
for the Z shell and Korn shell is not present. Users of these shells
-should use the Bourne shell (-b) mode.
+should use the Bourne shell (\-b) mode.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR ls (1),
.BR dir_colors (5)
.BI "% " ls
bin tel
-.BI "% " "ls -l"
+.BI "% " "ls \-l"
total 2
drwxrwxr-x 2 aeb 1024 Aug 6 23:51 bin
-rw-rw-r-- 1 aeb 37 Aug 6 23:52 tel
maja 0501-1136285
peter 0136-7399214
.BI "% " "cp tel tel2"
-.BI "% " "ls -l"
+.BI "% " "ls \-l"
total 3
drwxr-xr-x 2 aeb 1024 Aug 6 23:51 bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 aeb 37 Aug 6 23:52 tel
-rw-r--r-- 1 aeb 37 Aug 6 23:53 tel2
.BI "% " "mv tel tel1"
-.BI "% " "ls -l"
+.BI "% " "ls \-l"
total 3
drwxr-xr-x 2 aeb 1024 Aug 6 23:51 bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 aeb 37 Aug 6 23:52 tel1
files with indices/version numbers in their names. For example:
.nf
- > ls -1 > ls -1v
- foo.zml-1.gz foo.zml-1.gz
- foo.zml-100.gz foo.zml-12.gz
- foo.zml-12.gz foo.zml-25.gz
- foo.zml-25.gz foo.zml-100.gz
+ > ls \-1 > ls \-1v
+ foo.zml\-1.gz foo.zml\-1.gz
+ foo.zml\-100.gz foo.zml\-12.gz
+ foo.zml\-12.gz foo.zml\-25.gz
+ foo.zml\-25.gz foo.zml\-100.gz
.fi
Note also that numeric parts with leading zeroes are considered as
fractional:
.nf
- > ls -1 > ls -1v
- abc-1.007.tgz abc-1.007.tgz
- abc-1.012b.tgz abc-1.01a.tgz
- abc-1.01a.tgz abc-1.012b.tgz
+ > ls \-1 > ls \-1v
+ abc\-1.007.tgz abc\-1.007.tgz
+ abc\-1.012b.tgz abc\-1.01a.tgz
+ abc\-1.01a.tgz abc\-1.012b.tgz
.fi
-(New in file\%utils-4.0.)
+(New in file\%utils\-4.0.)
.TP
.BI "\-w, \-\-width " cols
Assume the screen is
This is done to assure the
system is not brought down accidentally.
.LP
-POSIX 1003.1-2001 requires that \fIkill(-1,sig)\fP send \fIsig\fP
+POSIX 1003.1-2001 requires that \fIkill(\-1,sig)\fP send \fIsig\fP
to all processes that the current process may send signals to,
except possibly for some implementation-defined system processes.
Linux allows a process to signal itself, but on Linux the call
-\fIkill(-1,sig)\fP does not signal the current process.
+\fIkill(-\1,sig)\fP does not signal the current process.
.LP
POSIX 1003.1-2003 requires that if a process sends a signal to itself,
and that process does not have the signal blocked, and no other thread
The lookup of the final component of the pathname goes just like
that of all other components, as described in the previous step,
with two differences: (i) the final component need not be a
-directory (at least as far as the path resolution process is concerned -
+directory (at least as far as the path resolution process is concerned \-
it may have to be a directory, or a non-directory, because of
the requirements of the specific system call), and (ii) it
-is not necessarily an error if the component is not found -
+is not necessarily an error if the component is not found \-
maybe we are just creating it. The details on the treatment
of the final entry are described in the manual pages of the specific
system calls.
retval = select(1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &tv);
/* Don't rely on the value of tv now! */
- if (retval == -1)
+ if (retval == \-1)
perror("select()");
else if (retval)
printf("Data is available now.\\n");
signal (SIGCHLD, child_sig_handler);
for (;;) { /* main loop */
- for (; child_events > 0; child_events--) {
+ for (; child_events > 0; child_events\-\-) {
/* do event work here */
}
r = pselect (nfds, &rd, &wr, &er, 0, &orig_sigmask);
retval = select(1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &tv);
/* Don't rely on the value of tv now! */
- if (retval == -1)
+ if (retval == \-1)
perror("select()");
else if (retval)
printf("Data is available now.\\n");
int yes;
if ((s = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
perror ("socket");
- return -1;
+ return \-1;
}
yes = 1;
if (setsockopt
(char *) &yes, sizeof (yes)) < 0) {
perror ("setsockopt");
close (s);
- return -1;
+ return \-1;
}
memset (&a, 0, sizeof (a));
a.sin_port = htons (listen_port);
(s, (struct sockaddr *) &a, sizeof (a)) < 0) {
perror ("bind");
close (s);
- return -1;
+ return \-1;
}
printf ("accepting connections on port %d\\n",
(int) listen_port);
if ((s = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
perror ("socket");
close (s);
- return -1;
+ return \-1;
}
memset (&a, 0, sizeof (a));
(struct in_addr *) &a.sin_addr.s_addr)) {
perror ("bad IP address format");
close (s);
- return -1;
+ return \-1;
}
if (connect
perror ("connect()");
shutdown (s, SHUT_RDWR);
close (s);
- return -1;
+ return \-1;
}
return s;
}
if (fd1 >= 0) { \\
shutdown (fd1, SHUT_RDWR); \\
close (fd1); \\
- fd1 = -1; \\
+ fd1 = \-1; \\
} \\
}
if (fd2 >= 0) { \\
shutdown (fd2, SHUT_RDWR); \\
close (fd2); \\
- fd2 = -1; \\
+ fd2 = \-1; \\
} \\
}
int main (int argc, char **argv) {
int h;
- int fd1 = -1, fd2 = -1;
+ int fd1 = \-1, fd2 = \-1;
char buf1[BUF_SIZE], buf2[BUF_SIZE];
int buf1_avail, buf1_written;
int buf2_avail, buf2_written;
nfds = max (nfds, fd2);
}
if (fd1 > 0
- && buf2_avail - buf2_written > 0) {
+ && buf2_avail \- buf2_written > 0) {
FD_SET (fd1, &wr);
nfds = max (nfds, fd1);
}
if (fd2 > 0
- && buf1_avail - buf1_written > 0) {
+ && buf1_avail \- buf1_written > 0) {
FD_SET (fd2, &wr);
nfds = max (nfds, fd2);
}
r = select (nfds + 1, &rd, &wr, &er, NULL);
- if (r == -1 && errno == EINTR)
+ if (r == \-1 && errno == EINTR)
continue;
if (r < 0) {
perror ("select()");
if (FD_ISSET (fd1, &rd)) {
r =
read (fd1, buf1 + buf1_avail,
- BUF_SIZE - buf1_avail);
+ BUF_SIZE \- buf1_avail);
if (r < 1) {
SHUT_FD1;
} else
if (FD_ISSET (fd2, &rd)) {
r =
read (fd2, buf2 + buf2_avail,
- BUF_SIZE - buf2_avail);
+ BUF_SIZE \- buf2_avail);
if (r < 1) {
SHUT_FD2;
} else
r =
write (fd1,
buf2 + buf2_written,
- buf2_avail -
+ buf2_avail \-
buf2_written);
if (r < 1) {
SHUT_FD1;
r =
write (fd2,
buf1 + buf1_written,
- buf1_avail -
+ buf1_avail \-
buf1_written);
if (r < 1) {
SHUT_FD2;
/* one side has closed the connection, keep
writing to the other side until empty */
if (fd1 < 0
- && buf1_avail - buf1_written == 0) {
+ && buf1_avail \- buf1_written == 0) {
SHUT_FD2;
}
if (fd2 < 0
- && buf2_avail - buf2_written == 0) {
+ && buf2_avail \- buf2_written == 0) {
SHUT_FD1;
}
}
The program does not handle more than one simultaneous connection at a
time, although it could easily be extended to do this with a linked list
-of buffers - one for each connection. At the moment, new
+of buffers \(em one for each connection. At the moment, new
connections cause the current connection to be dropped.
.SH SELECT LAW
Under libc4, libc5 and glibc2.0
.BI seteuid( euid )
is equivalent to
-.BI setreuid(-1, " euid" )
+.BI setreuid(\-1, " euid" )
and hence may change the saved user ID.
Under glibc2.1 it is equivalent to
-.BI setresuid(-1, " euid" ,-1)
+.BI setresuid(\-1, " euid" ,\-1)
and hence does not change the saved user ID.
Similar remarks hold for
.BR setegid .
/* Handle error */;
ss.ss_size = SIGSTKSZ;
ss.ss_flags = 0;
-if (sigaltstack(&ss, NULL) == -1)
+if (sigaltstack(&ss, NULL) == \-1)
/* Handle error */;
.fi
.RE
/*
* Commands to sys_syslog:
*
- * 0 -- Close the log. Currently a NOP.
- * 1 -- Open the log. Currently a NOP.
- * 2 -- Read from the log.
- * 3 -- Read up to the last 4k of messages in the ring buffer.
- * 4 -- Read and clear last 4k of messages in the ring buffer
- * 5 -- Clear ring buffer.
- * 6 -- Disable printk's to console
- * 7 -- Enable printk's to console
- * 8 -- Set level of messages printed to console
- * 9 -- Return number of unread characters in the log buffer
+ * 0 \-\- Close the log. Currently a NOP.
+ * 1 \-\- Open the log. Currently a NOP.
+ * 2 \-\- Read from the log.
+ * 3 \-\- Read up to the last 4k of messages in the ring buffer.
+ * 4 \-\- Read and clear last 4k of messages in the ring buffer
+ * 5 \-\- Clear ring buffer.
+ * 6 \-\- Disable printk's to console
+ * 7 \-\- Enable printk's to console
+ * 8 \-\- Set level of messages printed to console
+ * 9 \-\- Return number of unread characters in the log buffer
*/
.fi
is equivalent to:
.nf
- waitpid(-1, &status, 0);
+ waitpid(\-1, &status, 0);
.fi
The
is equivalent to:
.nf
- waitpid(-1, status, options);
+ waitpid(\-1, status, options);
.fi
Similarly, the following
.sp
Link with \-lm.
.SH DESCRIPTION
-The complex cosine function ccos(z) is defined as (exp(i*z)+exp(-i*z))/2.
+The complex cosine function ccos(z) is defined as (exp(i*z)+exp(\-i*z))/2.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
C99
.SH "SEE ALSO"
Link with \-lm.
.SH DESCRIPTION
The complex hyperbolic cosine function ccosh(z) is defined as
-(exp(z)+exp(-z))/2.
+(exp(z)+exp(\-z))/2.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
C99
.SH "SEE ALSO"
Link with \-lm.
.SH DESCRIPTION
The function cerf() is the complex version of the error function.
-erf(z) = 2/sqrt(pi) * integral from 0 to z of exp(-t*t) dt.
+erf(z) = 2/sqrt(pi) * integral from 0 to z of exp(\-t*t) dt.
The function cerfc() is defined as cerfc(z) = 1-cerf(z).
.\" must check 1/sqrt(2*pi) ?
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
Link with \-lm.
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBcosh()\fP function returns the hyperbolic cosine of \fIx\fP, which
-is defined mathematically as (exp(x) + exp(-x)) / 2.
+is defined mathematically as (exp(x) + exp(\-x)) / 2.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899 (C99).
The float and the long double variants are C99 requirements.
.sp
Link with \-lm.
.SH DESCRIPTION
-The complex sine function csin(z) is defined as (exp(i*z)-exp(-i*z))/(2*i).
+The complex sine function csin(z) is defined as (exp(i*z)\-exp(\-i*z))/(2*i).
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
C99
.SH "SEE ALSO"
Link with \-lm.
.SH DESCRIPTION
The complex hyperbolic sine function sinh(z) is defined as
-(exp(z)-exp(-z))/2.
+(exp(z)-exp(\-z))/2.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
C99
.SH "SEE ALSO"
Calculate the square root of a given complex number,
with nonnegative real part, and
with a branch cut along the negative real axis.
-(That means that csqrt(-1+eps*I) will be close to I while
-csqrt(-1-eps*I) will be close to \-I, if eps is a small positive
+(That means that csqrt(\-1+eps*I) will be close to I while
+csqrt(\-1\-eps*I) will be close to \-I, if eps is a small positive
real number.)
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
C99
define
.RS
.nf
-#define difftime(t1,t0) (double)(t1 - t0)
+#define difftime(t1,t0) (double)(t1 \- t0)
.fi
.RE
when the possible overflow in the subtraction is not a concern.
.SH EXAMPLE
After
.nf
- div_t q = div(-5, 3);
+ div_t q = div(\-5, 3);
.fi
the values \fIq.quot\fP and \fIq.rem\fP are \-1 and \-2, respectively.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
opened with the
.B RTLD_GLOBAL
flag.
-If the executable was linked with the flag "-rdynamic"
-(or, synonymously, "--export-dynamic"),
+If the executable was linked with the flag "\-rdynamic"
+(or, synonymously, "\-\-export\-dynamic"),
then the global symbols in the executable will also be used
to resolve references in a dynamically loaded library.
.PP
.BR _fini ,
then that routine is called just before the library is unloaded.
In case you need to avoid linking against the system startup files,
-this can be done by giving gcc the "-nostartfiles" parameter on
+this can be done by giving gcc the "\-nostartfiles" parameter on
the command line.
.LP
Using these routines, or the gcc
The \fBerf()\fP function returns the error function of \fIx\fP; defined
as
.TP
-erf(x) = 2/sqrt(pi)* integral from 0 to x of exp(-t*t) dt
+erf(x) = 2/sqrt(pi)* integral from 0 to x of exp(\-t*t) dt
.PP
The \fBerfc()\fP function returns the complementary error function of
\fIx\fP, that is 1.0 \- erf(x).
.Bd -literal -offset indent
if ((p = malloc(size)) == NULL)
err(1, NULL);
-if ((fd = open(file_name, O_RDONLY, 0)) == -1)
+if ((fd = open(file_name, O_RDONLY, 0)) == \-1)
err(1, "%s", file_name);
.Ed
.Pp
.Pp
Warn of an error:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
-if ((fd = open(raw_device, O_RDONLY, 0)) == -1)
+if ((fd = open(raw_device, O_RDONLY, 0)) == \-1)
warnx("%s: %s: trying the block device",
raw_device, strerror(errno));
-if ((fd = open(block_device, O_RDONLY, 0)) == -1)
+if ((fd = open(block_device, O_RDONLY, 0)) == \-1)
err(1, "%s", block_device);
.Ed
.Sh SEE ALSO
.RS
.nf
-if (somecall() == -1) {
+if (somecall() == \-1) {
printf("somecall() failed\en");
if (errno == ...) { ... }
}
.RS
.nf
-if (somecall() == -1) {
+if (somecall() == \-1) {
int errsv = errno;
printf("somecall() failed\en");
if (errsv == ...) { ... }
.BI expm1( x )
returns a value equivalent to `exp (\fIx\fP) \- 1'. It is
computed in a way that is accurate even if the value of \fIx\fP is near
-zero--a case where `exp (\fIx\fP) \- 1' would be inaccurate due to
+zero\(ema case where `exp (\fIx\fP) \- 1' would be inaccurate due to
subtraction of two numbers that are nearly equal.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
BSD, C99.
It may occur whenever Overflow or Underflow occurs.
.LP
The Invalid exception occurs when there is no well-defined result
-for an operation, as for 0/0 or infinity \- infinity or sqrt(-1).
+for an operation, as for 0/0 or infinity \- infinity or sqrt(\-1).
.SS "Exception handling"
Exceptions are represented in two ways: as a single bit
(exception present/absent), and these bits correspond in some
fp = fopen("/etc/motd", "r");
if (fp == NULL)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- while ((read = getline(&line, &len, fp)) != -1) {
+ while ((read = getline(&line, &len, fp)) != \-1) {
printf("Retrieved line of length %zu :\en", read);
printf("%s", line);
}
show that two are not in the table */
e.key = data[i];
ep = hsearch(e, FIND);
- printf("%9.9s -> %9.9s:%d\\n", e.key,
- ep ? ep->key : "NULL",
+ printf("%9.9s \-> %9.9s:%d\\n", e.key,
+ ep ? ep\->key : "NULL",
ep ? (int)(ep->data) : 0);
}
return 0;
The conversion can stop for four reasons:
.PP
1. An invalid multibyte sequence is encountered in the input. In this case
-it sets \fBerrno\fP to \fBEILSEQ\fP and returns (size_t)(-1). \fI*inbuf\fP
+it sets \fBerrno\fP to \fBEILSEQ\fP and returns (size_t)(\-1). \fI*inbuf\fP
is left pointing to the beginning of the invalid multibyte sequence.
.PP
2. The input byte sequence has been entirely converted, i.e. \fI*inbytesleft\fP
.PP
3. An incomplete multibyte sequence is encountered in the input, and the
input byte sequence terminates after it. In this case it sets \fBerrno\fP to
-\fBEINVAL\fP and returns (size_t)(-1). \fI*inbuf\fP is left pointing to the
+\fBEINVAL\fP and returns (size_t)(\-1). \fI*inbuf\fP is left pointing to the
beginning of the incomplete multibyte sequence.
.PP
4. The output buffer has no more room for the next converted character. In
-this case it sets \fBerrno\fP to \fBE2BIG\fP and returns (size_t)(-1).
+this case it sets \fBerrno\fP to \fBE2BIG\fP and returns (size_t)(\-1).
.PP
A different case is when \fIinbuf\fP is NULL or \fI*inbuf\fP is NULL, but
\fIoutbuf\fP is not NULL and \fI*outbuf\fP is not NULL. In this case, the
initial state and store a corresponding shift sequence at \fI*outbuf\fP.
At most \fI*outbytesleft\fP bytes, starting at \fI*outbuf\fP, will be written.
If the output buffer has no more room for this reset sequence, it sets
-\fBerrno\fP to \fBE2BIG\fP and returns (size_t)(-1). Otherwise it increments
+\fBerrno\fP to \fBE2BIG\fP and returns (size_t)(\-1). Otherwise it increments
\fI*outbuf\fP and decrements \fI*outbytesleft\fP by the number of bytes
written.
.PP
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The \fBiconv\fP function returns the number of characters converted in a
non-reversible way during this call; reversible conversions are not counted.
-In case of error, it sets \fBerrno\fP and returns (size_t)(-1).
+In case of error, it sets \fBerrno\fP and returns (size_t)(\-1).
.SH ERRORS
The following errors can occur, among others:
.TP
argument.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The \fBiconv_open\fP function returns a freshly allocated conversion
-descriptor. In case of error, it sets \fBerrno\fP and returns (iconv_t)(-1).
+descriptor. In case of error, it sets \fBerrno\fP and returns (iconv_t)(\-1).
.SH ERRORS
The following error can occur, among others:
.TP
.BI "(isupper(" c ") || islower(" c "))" \fR.
In some locales, there may be additional characters for which
.B isalpha()
-is true--letters which are neither upper case nor lower
+is true\(emletters which are neither upper case nor lower
case.
.TP
.B "isascii()"
is greater than 1, it is equivalent to
.nf
.sp
-.BI kill(- pgrp , signal );
+.BI kill(\-pgrp , signal );
.fi
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The value returned is \-1 on error, or 0 for success.
shift state \fI*ps\fP to the initial state and returns 0.
.PP
If the \fIn\fP bytes starting at \fIs\fP do not contain a complete multibyte
-character, \fBmbrlen\fP returns \fI(size_t)(-2)\fP. This can happen even if
+character, \fBmbrlen\fP returns \fI(size_t)(\-2)\fP. This can happen even if
\fIn\fP >= \fIMB_CUR_MAX\fP, if the multibyte string contains redundant shift
sequences.
.PP
If the multibyte string starting at \fIs\fP contains an invalid multibyte
sequence before the next complete character, \fBmbrlen\fP returns
-\fI(size_t)(-1)\fP and sets \fBerrno\fP to \fBEILSEQ\fP. In this case,
+\fI(size_t)(\-1)\fP and sets \fBerrno\fP to \fBEILSEQ\fP. In this case,
the effects on \fI*ps\fP are undefined.
.PP
If \fIps\fP is a NULL pointer, a static anonymous state only known to the
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The \fBmbrlen\fP function returns the number of bytes parsed from the multibyte
sequence starting at \fIs\fP, if a non-null wide character was recognized.
-It returns 0, if a null wide character was recognized. It returns (size_t)(-1)
+It returns 0, if a null wide character was recognized. It returns (size_t)(\-1)
and sets \fBerrno\fP to \fBEILSEQ\fP, if an invalid multibyte sequence was
-encountered. It returns (size_t)(-2) if it couldn't parse a complete multibyte
+encountered. It returns (size_t)(\-2) if it couldn't parse a complete multibyte
character, meaning that \fIn\fP should be increased.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
ISO/ANSI C, UNIX98
state \fI*ps\fP to the initial state and returns 0.
.PP
If the \fIn\fP bytes starting at \fIs\fP do not contain a complete multibyte
-character, \fBmbrtowc\fP returns \fI(size_t)(-2)\fP. This can happen even if
+character, \fBmbrtowc\fP returns \fI(size_t)(\-2)\fP. This can happen even if
\fIn\fP >= \fIMB_CUR_MAX\fP, if the multibyte string contains redundant shift
sequences.
.PP
If the multibyte string starting at \fIs\fP contains an invalid multibyte
sequence before the next complete character, \fBmbrtowc\fP returns
-\fI(size_t)(-1)\fP and sets \fBerrno\fP to \fBEILSEQ\fP. In this case,
+\fI(size_t)(\-1)\fP and sets \fBerrno\fP to \fBEILSEQ\fP. In this case,
the effects on \fI*ps\fP are undefined.
.PP
A different case is when \fIs\fP is not NULL but \fIpwc\fP is NULL. In this
A third case is when \fIs\fP is NULL. In this case, \fIpwc\fP and \fIn\fP are
ignored. If the conversion state represented by \fI*ps\fP denotes an
incomplete multibyte character conversion, the \fBmbrtowc\fP function
-returns \fI(size_t)(-1)\fP, sets \fBerrno\fP to \fBEILSEQ\fP, and
+returns \fI(size_t)(\-1)\fP, sets \fBerrno\fP to \fBEILSEQ\fP, and
leaves \fI*ps\fP in an undefined state. Otherwise, the \fBmbrtowc\fP function
puts \fI*ps\fP in the initial state and returns 0.
.PP
The \fBmbrtowc\fP function returns the number of bytes parsed from the
multibyte sequence starting at \fIs\fP, if a non-L'\\0' wide character
was recognized.
-It returns 0, if a L'\\0' wide character was recognized. It returns (size_t)(-1)
+It returns 0, if a L'\\0' wide character was recognized.
+It returns (size_t)(\-1)
and sets \fBerrno\fP to \fBEILSEQ\fP, if an invalid multibyte sequence was
-encountered. It returns (size_t)(-2) if it couldn't parse a complete multibyte
+encountered. It returns (size_t)(\-2) if it couldn't parse a complete multibyte
character, meaning that \fIn\fP should be increased.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
ISO/ANSI C, UNIX98
conversion can stop for three reasons:
.PP
1. An invalid multibyte sequence has been encountered. In this case \fI*src\fP
-is left pointing to the invalid multibyte sequence, (size_t)(-1) is returned,
+is left pointing to the invalid multibyte sequence, (size_t)(\-1) is returned,
and \fBerrno\fP is set to \fBEILSEQ\fP.
.PP
2. The \fInms\fP limit forces a stop, or \fIlen\fP non-L'\\0' wide characters
The \fBmbsnrtowcs\fP function returns the number of wide characters that make
up the converted part of the wide character string, not including the
terminating null wide character. If an invalid multibyte sequence was
-encountered, (size_t)(-1) is returned, and \fBerrno\fP set to \fBEILSEQ\fP.
+encountered, (size_t)(\-1) is returned, and \fBerrno\fP set to \fBEILSEQ\fP.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
This function is a GNU extension.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
conversion can stop for three reasons:
.PP
1. An invalid multibyte sequence has been encountered. In this case \fI*src\fP
-is left pointing to the invalid multibyte sequence, (size_t)(-1) is returned,
+is left pointing to the invalid multibyte sequence, (size_t)(\-1) is returned,
and \fBerrno\fP is set to \fBEILSEQ\fP.
.PP
2. \fIlen\fP non-L'\\0' wide characters have been stored at \fIdest\fP. In this
The \fBmbsrtowcs\fP function returns the number of wide characters that make
up the converted part of the wide character string, not including the
terminating null wide character. If an invalid multibyte sequence was
-encountered, (size_t)(-1) is returned, and \fBerrno\fP set to \fBEILSEQ\fP.
+encountered, (size_t)(\-1) is returned, and \fBerrno\fP set to \fBEILSEQ\fP.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
ISO/ANSI C, UNIX98
.SH "SEE ALSO"
in the initial state. The conversion can stop for three reasons:
.PP
1. An invalid multibyte sequence has been encountered. In this case
-(size_t)(-1) is returned.
+(size_t)(\-1) is returned.
.PP
2. \fIn\fP non-L'\\0' wide characters have been stored at \fIdest\fP. In this
case the number of wide characters written to \fIdest\fP is returned, but the
The \fBmbstowcs\fP function returns the number of wide characters that make
up the converted part of the wide character string, not including the
terminating null wide character. If an invalid multibyte sequence was
-encountered, (size_t)(-1) is returned.
+encountered, (size_t)(\-1) is returned.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
ISO/ANSI C, UNIX98
.SH "SEE ALSO"
n = vsnprintf (p, size, fmt, ap);
va_end(ap);
/* If that worked, return the string. */
- if (n > -1 && n < size)
+ if (n > \-1 && n < size)
return p;
/* Else try again with more space. */
- if (n > -1) /* glibc 2.1 */
+ if (n > \-1) /* glibc 2.1 */
size = n+1; /* precisely what is needed */
else /* glibc 2.0 */
size *= 2; /* twice the old size */
if (n < 0)
perror("scandir");
else {
- while(n--) {
- printf("%s\en", namelist[n]->d_name);
+ while(n\-\-) {
+ printf("%s\en", namelist[n]\->d_name);
free(namelist[n]);
}
free(namelist);
bit set.
.PP
This is not the same as `x < 0.0', because IEEE 754 floating point
-allows zero to be signed. The comparison `-0.0 < 0.0' is false,
-but `signbit (-0.0)' will return a non-zero value.
+allows zero to be signed. The comparison `\-0.0 < 0.0' is false,
+but `signbit (\-0.0)' will return a non-zero value.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
This function is defined in IEC 559 (and the appendix with
recommended functions in IEEE 754/IEEE 854).
Link with \-lm.
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBsinh()\fP function returns the hyperbolic sine of \fIx\fP, which
-is defined mathematically as (exp(x) \- exp(-x)) / 2.
+is defined mathematically as (exp(x) \- exp(\-x)) / 2.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899 (C99).
The float and the long double variants are C99 requirements.
}
int compare(const void *pa, const void *pb) {
- if (*(int *)pa < *(int *)pb) return -1;
+ if (*(int *)pa < *(int *)pb) return \-1;
if (*(int *)pa > *(int *)pb) return 1;
return 0;
}
The \fBwcrtomb\fP function returns the number of bytes that have been or would
have been written to the byte array at \fIs\fP. If \fIwc\fP can not be
represented as a multibyte sequence (according to the current locale),
-(size_t)(-1) is returned, and \fBerrno\fP set to \fBEILSEQ\fP.
+(size_t)(\-1) is returned, and \fBerrno\fP set to \fBEILSEQ\fP.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
ISO/ANSI C, UNIX98
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.PP
1. A wide character has been encountered that can not be represented as a
multibyte sequence (according to the current locale). In this case \fI*src\fP
-is left pointing to the invalid wide character, (size_t)(-1) is returned,
+is left pointing to the invalid wide character, (size_t)(\-1) is returned,
and \fBerrno\fP is set to \fBEILSEQ\fP.
.PP
2. \fInwc\fP wide characters have been converted without encountering a L'\\0',
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The \fBwcsnrtombs\fP function returns the number of bytes that make up the
converted part of multibyte sequence, not including the terminating null byte.
-If a wide character was encountered which could not be converted, (size_t)(-1)
+If a wide character was encountered which could not be converted, (size_t)(\-1)
is returned, and \fBerrno\fP set to \fBEILSEQ\fP.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
This function is a GNU extension.
.PP
1. A wide character has been encountered that can not be represented as a
multibyte sequence (according to the current locale). In this case \fI*src\fP
-is left pointing to the invalid wide character, (size_t)(-1) is returned,
+is left pointing to the invalid wide character, (size_t)(\-1) is returned,
and
.I errno
is set to \fBEILSEQ\fP.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The \fBwcsrtombs\fP function returns the number of bytes that make up the
converted part of multibyte sequence, not including the terminating null byte.
-If a wide character was encountered which could not be converted, (size_t)(-1)
+If a wide character was encountered which could not be converted, (size_t)(\-1)
is returned, and
.I errno
set to \fBEILSEQ\fP.
.PP
1. A wide character has been encountered that can not be represented as a
multibyte sequence (according to the current locale). In this case
-(size_t)(-1) is returned.
+(size_t)(\-1) is returned.
.PP
2. The length limit forces a stop. In this case the number of bytes written to
\fIdest\fP is returned, but the shift state at this point is lost.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The \fBwcstombs\fP function returns the number of bytes that make up the
converted part of multibyte sequence, not including the terminating null byte.
-If a wide character was encountered which could not be converted, (size_t)(-1)
+If a wide character was encountered which could not be converted, (size_t)(\-1)
is returned.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
ISO/ANSI C, UNIX98
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwctrans_t\fP type represents a mapping which can map a wide character to
another wide character. Its nature is implementation dependent, but the special
-value \fI(wctrans_t)0\fP denotes an invalid mapping. Nonzero \fBwctrans_t\fP
+value \fI(wctrans_t)\ 0\fP denotes an invalid mapping. Nonzero \fBwctrans_t\fP
values can be passed to the \fBtowctrans\fP function to actually perform
the wide character mapping.
.PP
valid names depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the current locale, but the
following names are valid in all locales.
.nf
- "tolower" - realizes the \fBtolower\fP(3) mapping
- "toupper" - realizes the \fBtoupper\fP(3) mapping
+ "tolower" \- realizes the \fBtolower\fP(3) mapping
+ "toupper" \- realizes the \fBtoupper\fP(3) mapping
.fi
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The \fBwctrans\fP function returns a mapping descriptor if the \fIname\fP
valid names depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the current locale, but the
following names are valid in all locales.
.nf
- "alnum" - realizes the \fBisalnum\fP classification function
- "alpha" - realizes the \fBisalpha\fP classification function
- "blank" - realizes the \fBisblank\fP classification function
- "cntrl" - realizes the \fBiscntrl\fP classification function
- "digit" - realizes the \fBisdigit\fP classification function
- "graph" - realizes the \fBisgraph\fP classification function
- "lower" - realizes the \fBislower\fP classification function
- "print" - realizes the \fBisprint\fP classification function
- "punct" - realizes the \fBispunct\fP classification function
- "space" - realizes the \fBisspace\fP classification function
- "upper" - realizes the \fBisupper\fP classification function
- "xdigit" - realizes the \fBisxdigit\fP classification function
+ "alnum" \- realizes the \fBisalnum\fP classification function
+ "alpha" \- realizes the \fBisalpha\fP classification function
+ "blank" \- realizes the \fBisblank\fP classification function
+ "cntrl" \- realizes the \fBiscntrl\fP classification function
+ "digit" \- realizes the \fBisdigit\fP classification function
+ "graph" \- realizes the \fBisgraph\fP classification function
+ "lower" \- realizes the \fBislower\fP classification function
+ "print" \- realizes the \fBisprint\fP classification function
+ "punct" \- realizes the \fBispunct\fP classification function
+ "space" \- realizes the \fBisspace\fP classification function
+ "upper" \- realizes the \fBisupper\fP classification function
+ "xdigit" \- realizes the \fBisxdigit\fP classification function
.fi
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The \fBwctype\fP function returns a property descriptor if the \fIname\fP is
ESC % @ \0\0\0Select default (ISO 646 / ISO 8859-1)
ESC % G \0\0\0Select UTF-8
ESC % 8 \0\0\0Select UTF-8 (obsolete)
-ESC # 8 DECALN DEC screen alignment test - fill screen with E's.
+ESC # 8 DECALN DEC screen alignment test \- fill screen with E's.
ESC ( Start sequence defining G0 character set
ESC ( B \0\0\0Select default (ISO 8859-1 mapping)
ESC ( 0 \0\0\0Select vt100 graphics mapping
-ESC ( U \0\0\0Select null mapping - straight to character ROM
-ESC ( K \0\0\0Select user mapping - the map that is loaded by
+ESC ( U \0\0\0Select null mapping \- straight to character ROM
+ESC ( K \0\0\0Select user mapping \- the map that is loaded by
\0\0\0the utility \fBmapscrn\fP(8).
ESC ) Start sequence defining G1
(followed by one of B, 0, U, K, as above).
struct epoll_event ev, *events;
for(;;) {
- nfds = epoll_wait(kdpfd, events, maxevents, -1);
+ nfds = epoll_wait(kdpfd, events, maxevents, \-1);
for(n = 0; n < nfds; ++n) {
if(events[n].data.fd == listener) {
if (epoll_ctl(kdpfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, client, &ev) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "epoll set insertion error: fd=%d\n",
client);
- return -1;
+ return \-1;
}
}
else
can be created with the following commands:
.nf
- mknod -m 666 /dev/full c 1 7
+ mknod \-m 666 /dev/full c 1 7
chown root:root /dev/full
.fi
already created, it can be created with the following commands:
.nf
\fB
- mknod -m 400 /dev/initrd b 1 250
+ mknod \-m 400 /dev/initrd b 1 250
chown root:disk /dev/initrd
\fP
.fi
can be created with the following commands:
.nf
- mknod -m 644 /dev/random c 1 8
- mknod -m 644 /dev/urandom c 1 9
+ mknod \-m 644 /dev/random c 1 8
+ mknod \-m 644 /dev/urandom c 1 9
chown root:root /dev/random /dev/urandom
.fi
random_seed=/var/run/random-seed
# Carry a random seed from start-up to start-up
# Load and then save the whole entropy pool
- if [ -f $random_seed ]; then
+ if [ \-f $random_seed ]; then
cat $random_seed >/dev/urandom
else
touch $random_seed
fi
chmod 600 $random_seed
poolfile=/proc/sys/kernel/random/poolsize
- [ -r $poolfile ] && bytes=`cat $poolfile` || bytes=512
+ [ \-r $poolfile ] && bytes=`cat $poolfile` || bytes=512
dd if=/dev/urandom of=$random_seed count=1 bs=$bytes
.fi
touch $random_seed
chmod 600 $random_seed
poolfile=/proc/sys/kernel/random/poolsize
- [ -r $poolfile ] && bytes=`cat $poolfile` || bytes=512
+ [ \-r $poolfile ] && bytes=`cat $poolfile` || bytes=512
dd if=/dev/urandom of=$random_seed count=1 bs=$bytes
.fi
.SH "PROC INTERFACE"
Devices are typically created by:
.RS
.nf
-mknod -m 666 /dev/st0 c 9 0
-mknod -m 666 /dev/st0l c 9 32
-mknod -m 666 /dev/st0m c 9 64
-mknod -m 666 /dev/st0a c 9 96
-mknod -m 666 /dev/nst0 c 9 128
-mknod -m 666 /dev/nst0l c 9 160
-mknod -m 666 /dev/nst0m c 9 192
-mknod -m 666 /dev/nst0a c 9 224
+mknod \-m 666 /dev/st0 c 9 0
+mknod \-m 666 /dev/st0l c 9 32
+mknod \-m 666 /dev/st0m c 9 64
+mknod \-m 666 /dev/st0a c 9 96
+mknod \-m 666 /dev/nst0 c 9 128
+mknod \-m 666 /dev/nst0l c 9 160
+mknod \-m 666 /dev/nst0m c 9 192
+mknod \-m 666 /dev/nst0a c 9 224
.fi
.RE
.PP
.BR "(struct mtget *)" .
.PP
.nf
-/* structure for \s-1MTIOCGET\s+1 - mag tape get status command */
+/* structure for \s-1MTIOCGET\s+1 \- mag tape get status command */
struct mtget {
long mt_type;
long mt_resid;
Viper, Wangtek, ... ).
.PP
.nf
-/* structure for \s-1MTIOCPOS\s+1 - mag tape get position command */
+/* structure for \s-1MTIOCPOS\s+1 \- mag tape get position command */
struct mtpos {
long mt_blkno; /* current block number */
};
.nf
for x in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8; do
- mknod -m 644 /dev/vcs$x c 7 $x;
- mknod -m 644 /dev/vcsa$x c 7 $[$x+128];
+ mknod \-m 644 /dev/vcs$x c 7 $x;
+ mknod \-m 644 /dev/vcsa$x c 7 $[$x+128];
done
chown root:tty /dev/vcs*
.fi
(void)read(fd, &attrib, 1);
printf("ch='%c' attrib=0x%02x\\n", ch, attrib);
attrib ^= 0x10;
- (void)lseek(fd, -1, 1);
+ (void)lseek(fd, \-1, 1);
(void)write(fd, &attrib, 1);
return 0;
}
Link with \-lm. The imaginary unit is represented by I.
.sp
.nf
-/* check that exp(i*pi) == -1 */
+/* check that exp(i*pi) == \-1 */
#include <math.h> /* for atan */
#include <complex.h>
main() {
.I user
.RS
If this option is set, nscd will run as this user and not as root.
-If a separate cache for every user is used (-S parameter), this
+If a separate cache for every user is used (\-S parameter), this
option is ignored.
.RE
.br
.nf
-\f(CWfoobar -i /proc/self/fd/0 -o /proc/self/fd/1 ...\fR
+\f(CWfoobar \-i /proc/self/fd/0 \-o /proc/self/fd/1 ...\fR
.fi
.br
chargen 19/tcp ttytst source
chargen 19/udp ttytst source
ftp 21/tcp
-# 22 - unassigned
+# 22 \- unassigned
telnet 23/tcp
.sp
.fi
.RS
.nf
% cat /proc/slabinfo
-slabinfo - version: 1.1
+slabinfo \- version: 1.1
kmem_cache 60 78 100 2 2 1
blkdev_requests 5120 5120 96 128 128 1
mnt_cache 20 40 96 1 1 1
2: " 2 B R b r 2: * 4 > H R \e f p z
3: # 3 C S c s 3: ! + 5 ? I S ] g q {
4: $ 4 D T d t 4: " , 6 @ J T ^ h r |
-5: % 5 E U e u 5: # - 7 A K U _ i s }
+5: % 5 E U e u 5: # \- 7 A K U _ i s }
6: & 6 F V f v 6: $ . 8 B L V ` j t ~
7: ' 7 G W g w 7: % / 9 C M W a k u DEL
8: ( 8 H X h x 8: & 0 : D N X b l v
A: * : J Z j z
B: + ; K [ k {
C: , < L \e l |
-D: - = M ] m }
+D: \- = M ] m }
E: . > N ^ n ~
F: / ? O _ o DEL
.fi
an empty list, as in
.br
.nf
- xv -wait 0 *.gif *.jpg
+ xv \-wait 0 *.gif *.jpg
.fi
where perhaps no *.gif files are present (and this is not
an error).
(Similar problems occur elsewhere. E.g., where old scripts have
.br
.nf
- rm `find . -name "*~"`
+ rm `find . \-name "*~"`
.fi
new scripts require
.br
.nf
- rm -f nosuchfile `find . -name "*~"`
+ rm \-f nosuchfile `find . \-name "*~"`
.fi
to avoid error messages from
.I rm
.It Li \&Op Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Option (also .Oo and .Oc)."
.It Li \&Ot Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Old style function type (Fortran only)."
.It Li \&Pa Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Pathname or file name."
-.It Li \&St Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Standards (-p1003.2, -p1003.1 or -ansiC)"
+.It Li \&St Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Standards (\-p1003.2, \-p1003.1 or \-ansiC)"
.It Li \&Va Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Variable name."
.It Li \&Vt Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Variable type (Fortran only)."
.It Li \&Xr Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Manual Page Cross Reference."
.in +4
bash$ $( ldd /bin/ls | grep libc.so | awk '{print $3}' ) | \\
- egrep -i 'threads|ntpl'
+ egrep \-i 'threads|ntpl'
Native POSIX Threads Library by Ulrich Drepper et al
.in -4
.fi
.in +4
bash$ $( LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.2.5 ldd /bin/ls | grep libc.so | \\
- awk '{print $3}' ) | egrep -i 'threads|ntpl'
+ awk '{print $3}' ) | egrep \-i 'threads|ntpl'
linuxthreads-0.10 by Xavier Leroy
.in -4
.fi
.TP
.BR tcp_adv_win_scale " (integer; default: 2)"
Count buffering overhead as bytes/2^tcp_adv_win_scale
-(if tcp_adv_win_scale > 0) or bytes-bytes/2^(-tcp_adv_win_scale),
+(if tcp_adv_win_scale > 0) or bytes-bytes/2^(\-tcp_adv_win_scale),
if it is <= 0.
The socket receive buffer space is shared between the
projects / thirdparty / man-pages.git / commitdiff
