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Commit | Line | Data |
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d657c51f | 1 | systemd System and Service Manager |
220a21d3 | 2 | |
b62a309a ZJS |
3 | CHANGES WITH 217: |
4 | ||
78b6b7ce LP |
5 | * journalctl gained the new options -t/--identifier= to match |
6 | on the syslog identifier (aka "tag"), as well as --utc to | |
7 | show log timestamps in the UTC timezone. journalctl now also | |
8 | accepts -n/--lines=all to disable line capping in a pager. | |
b62a309a ZJS |
9 | |
10 | * Services can notify the manager before they start a reload | |
11 | (by sending RELOADING=1) or shutdown (by sending | |
4bdc60cb LP |
12 | STOPPING=1). This allows the manager to track and show the |
13 | internal state of daemons and closes a race condition when | |
78b6b7ce | 14 | the process is still running but has closed its D-Bus |
4bdc60cb | 15 | connection. |
b62a309a | 16 | |
78b6b7ce LP |
17 | * Services with Type=oneshot do not have to have any ExecStart |
18 | commands anymore. | |
b62a309a ZJS |
19 | |
20 | * User units are now loaded also from | |
21 | $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/systemd/user/. This is similar to the | |
22 | /run/systemd/user directory that was already previously | |
23 | supported, but is under the control of the user. | |
24 | ||
b62a309a ZJS |
25 | * systemd-logind can be configured to also handle lid switch |
26 | events even when the machine is docked or multiple displays | |
27 | are attached (HandleLidSwitchDocked= option). | |
28 | ||
29 | * A helper binary and a service have been added which can be | |
30 | used to resume from hibernation in the initramfs. A | |
31 | generator will parse the resume= option on the kernel | |
32 | command-line to trigger resume. | |
33 | ||
78b6b7ce LP |
34 | * A user console daemon systemd-consoled has been |
35 | added. Currently, it is a preview, and will so far open a | |
36 | single terminal on each session of the user marked as | |
37 | Desktop=SYSTEMD-CONSOLE. | |
b62a309a ZJS |
38 | |
39 | * Route metrics can be specified for DHCP routes added by | |
40 | systemd-networkd. | |
41 | ||
78b6b7ce LP |
42 | * The SELinux context of socket-actived services can be set |
43 | from the information provided by the networking stack | |
b62a309a ZJS |
44 | (SELinuxContextFromNet= option). |
45 | ||
46 | * Userspace firmware loading support has been removed and | |
47 | the minimum supported kernel version is thus bumped to 3.7. | |
48 | ||
49 | * Timeout for udev workers has been increased from 1 to 3 | |
50 | minutes, but a warning will be printed after 1 minute to | |
51 | help diagnose kernel modules that take a long time to load. | |
52 | ||
78b6b7ce | 53 | * Udev rules can now remove tags on devices with TAG-="foobar". |
b62a309a | 54 | |
4bdc60cb | 55 | * systemd's readahead implementation has been removed. In many |
b62a309a ZJS |
56 | circumstatances it didn't give expected benefits even for |
57 | rotational disk drives and was becoming less relevant in the | |
78b6b7ce LP |
58 | age of SSDs. As none of the developers has been using |
59 | rotating media anymore, and nobody stepped up to actively | |
60 | maintain this component of systemd it has now been removed. | |
b62a309a ZJS |
61 | |
62 | * Swap units can use Discard= to specify discard options. | |
63 | Discard options specified for swaps in /etc/fstab are now | |
64 | respected. | |
65 | ||
66 | * Docker containers are now detected as a separate type of | |
67 | virtualization. | |
68 | ||
69 | * The Password Agent protocol gained support for queries where | |
70 | the user input is shown, useful e.g. for usernames. | |
78b6b7ce LP |
71 | systemd-ask-password gained a new --echo option to turn that |
72 | on. | |
b62a309a | 73 | |
e6c253e3 MS |
74 | * The default sysctl.d/ snippets will now set: |
75 | ||
76 | net.core.default_qdisc = fq_codel | |
77 | ||
78 | This selects Fair Queueing Controlled Delay as the default | |
79 | queueing discipline for network interfaces. fq_codel helps | |
80 | fight the network bufferbloat problem. It is believed to be | |
81 | a good default with no tuning required for most workloads. | |
82 | Downstream distributions may override this choice. On 10Gbit | |
83 | servers that do not do forwarding, "fq" may perform better. | |
84 | Systems without a good clocksource should use "pfifo_fast". | |
85 | ||
4bdc60cb LP |
86 | * If kdbus is enabled during build a new option BusPolicy= is |
87 | available for service units, that allows locking all service | |
88 | processes into a stricter bus policy, in order to limit | |
89 | access to various bus services, or even hide most of them | |
90 | from the service's view entirely. | |
91 | ||
92 | * networkctl will now show the .network and .link file | |
93 | networkd has applied to a specific interface. | |
94 | ||
95 | * sd-login gained a new API call sd_session_get_desktop() to | |
96 | query which desktop environment has been selected for a | |
97 | session. | |
98 | ||
99 | * UNIX utmp support is now compile-time optional to support | |
100 | legacy-free systems. | |
101 | ||
78b6b7ce LP |
102 | * systemctl gained two new commands "add-wants" and |
103 | "add-requires" for pulling in units from specific targets | |
104 | easily. | |
105 | ||
106 | * If the word "rescue" is specified on the kernel command line | |
107 | the system will now boot into rescue mode (aka | |
108 | rescue.target), which was previously available only by | |
109 | specifying "1" or "systemd.unit=rescue.target" on the kernel | |
110 | command line. This new kernel command line option nicely | |
111 | mirrors the already existing "emergency" kernel command line | |
112 | option. | |
113 | ||
114 | * New kernel command line options mount.usr=, mount.usrflags=, | |
115 | usrfstype= have been added that match root=, rootflags=, | |
116 | rootfstype= but allow mounting a specific file system to | |
117 | /usr. | |
118 | ||
119 | * The $NOTIFY_SOCKET is now also passed to control processesof | |
120 | services, not only the main process. | |
121 | ||
122 | * This version reenables support for fsck's -l switch. This | |
123 | means at least version v2.25 of util-linux is required for | |
124 | operation, otherwise dead-locks on device nodes may | |
125 | occur. Again: you need to update util-linux to at least | |
126 | v2.25 when updating systemd to v217. | |
127 | ||
b72ddf0f | 128 | CHANGES WITH 216: |
b2ca0d63 LP |
129 | |
130 | * timedated no longer reads NTP implementation unit names from | |
b72ddf0f | 131 | /usr/lib/systemd/ntp-units.d/*.list. Alternative NTP |
b2ca0d63 LP |
132 | implementations should add a |
133 | ||
b72ddf0f | 134 | Conflicts=systemd-timesyncd.service |
b2ca0d63 LP |
135 | |
136 | to their unit files to take over and replace systemd's NTP | |
137 | default functionality. | |
138 | ||
139 | * systemd-sysusers gained a new line type "r" for configuring | |
140 | which UID/GID ranges to allocate system users/groups | |
141 | from. Lines of type "u" may now add an additional column | |
142 | that specifies the home directory for the system user to be | |
143 | created. Also, systemd-sysusers may now optionally read user | |
144 | information from STDIN instead of a file. This is useful for | |
145 | invoking it from RPM preinst scriptlets that need to create | |
146 | users before the first RPM file is installed since these | |
147 | files might need to be owned by them. A new | |
148 | %sysusers_create_inline RPM macro has been introduced to do | |
149 | just that. systemd-sysusers now updates the shadow files as | |
150 | well as the user/group databases, which should enhance | |
151 | compatibility with certain tools like grpck. | |
152 | ||
153 | * A number of bus APIs of PID 1 now optionally consult | |
5f02e26c | 154 | PolicyKit to permit access for otherwise unprivileged |
b2ca0d63 LP |
155 | clients under certain conditions. Note that this currently |
156 | doesn't support interactive authentication yet, but this is | |
157 | expected to be added eventually, too. | |
158 | ||
159 | * /etc/machine-info now has new fields for configuring the | |
160 | deployment environment of the machine, as well as the | |
161 | location of the machine. hostnamectl has been updated with | |
162 | new command to update these fields. | |
163 | ||
164 | * systemd-timesyncd has been updated to automatically acquire | |
165 | NTP server information from systemd-networkd, which might | |
166 | have been discovered via DHCP. | |
167 | ||
168 | * systemd-resolved now includes a caching DNS stub resolver | |
169 | and a complete LLMNR name resolution implementation. A new | |
daa05349 AB |
170 | NSS module "nss-resolve" has been added which can be used |
171 | instead of glibc's own "nss-dns" to resolve hostnames via | |
b2ca0d63 LP |
172 | systemd-resolved. Hostnames, addresses and arbitrary RRs may |
173 | be resolved via systemd-resolved D-Bus APIs. In contrast to | |
174 | the glibc internal resolver systemd-resolved is aware of | |
175 | multi-homed system, and keeps DNS server and caches separate | |
5f02e26c | 176 | and per-interface. Queries are sent simultaneously on all |
b2ca0d63 LP |
177 | interfaces that have DNS servers configured, in order to |
178 | properly handle VPNs and local LANs which might resolve | |
179 | separate sets of domain names. systemd-resolved may acquire | |
a1a4a25e | 180 | DNS server information from systemd-networkd automatically, |
b2ca0d63 LP |
181 | which in turn might have discovered them via DHCP. A tool |
182 | "systemd-resolve-host" has been added that may be used to | |
183 | query the DNS logic in resolved. systemd-resolved implements | |
184 | IDNA and automatically uses IDNA or UTF-8 encoding depending | |
185 | on whether classic DNS or LLMNR is used as transport. In the | |
186 | next releases we intend to add a DNSSEC and mDNS/DNS-SD | |
187 | implementation to systemd-resolved. | |
188 | ||
189 | * A new NSS module nss-mymachines has been added, that | |
190 | automatically resolves the names of all local registered | |
191 | containers to their respective IP addresses. | |
192 | ||
193 | * A new client tool "networkctl" for systemd-networkd has been | |
194 | added. It currently is entirely passive and will query | |
195 | networking configuration from udev, rtnetlink and networkd, | |
5f02e26c | 196 | and present it to the user in a very friendly |
b2ca0d63 LP |
197 | way. Eventually, we hope to extend it to become a full |
198 | control utility for networkd. | |
199 | ||
200 | * .socket units gained a new DeferAcceptSec= setting that | |
201 | controls the kernels' TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT sockopt for | |
202 | TCP. Similar, support for controlling TCP keep-alive | |
203 | settings has been added (KeepAliveTimeSec=, | |
204 | KeepAliveIntervalSec=, KeepAliveProbes=). Also, support for | |
205 | turning off Nagle's algorithm on TCP has been added | |
206 | (NoDelay=). | |
207 | ||
a1a4a25e | 208 | * logind learned a new session type "web", for use in projects |
b2ca0d63 LP |
209 | like Cockpit which register web clients as PAM sessions. |
210 | ||
211 | * timer units with at least one OnCalendar= setting will now | |
212 | be started only after timer-sync.target has been | |
213 | reached. This way they will not elapse before the system | |
214 | clock has been corrected by a local NTP client or | |
215 | similar. This is particular useful on RTC-less embedded | |
216 | machines, that come up with an invalid system clock. | |
217 | ||
218 | * systemd-nspawn's --network-veth= switch should now result in | |
219 | stable MAC addresses for both the outer and the inner side | |
220 | of the link. | |
221 | ||
222 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --volatile= switch for running | |
223 | container instances with /etc or /var unpopulated. | |
224 | ||
225 | * The kdbus client code has been updated to use the new Linux | |
226 | 3.17 memfd subsystem instead of the old kdbus-specific one. | |
227 | ||
228 | * systemd-networkd's DHCP client and server now support | |
01da80b1 LP |
229 | FORCERENEW. There are also new configuration options to |
230 | configure the vendor client identifier and broadcast mode | |
231 | for DHCP. | |
b2ca0d63 LP |
232 | |
233 | * systemd will no longer inform the kernel about the current | |
234 | timezone, as this is necessarily incorrect and racy as the | |
235 | kernel has no understanding of DST and similar | |
236 | concepts. This hence means FAT timestamps will be always | |
237 | considered UTC, similar to what Android is already | |
238 | doing. Also, when the RTC is configured to the local time | |
239 | (rather than UTC) systemd will never synchronize back to it, | |
240 | as this might confuse Windows at a later boot. | |
241 | ||
242 | * systemd-analyze gained a new command "verify" for offline | |
243 | validation of unit files. | |
244 | ||
245 | * systemd-networkd gained support for a couple of additional | |
246 | settings for bonding networking setups. Also, the metric for | |
247 | statically configured routes may now be configured. For | |
248 | network interfaces where this is appropriate the peer IP | |
249 | address may now be configured. | |
250 | ||
26568403 TG |
251 | * systemd-networkd's DHCP client will no longer request |
252 | broadcasting by default, as this tripped up some networks. | |
253 | For hardware where broadcast is required the feature should | |
254 | be switched back on using RequestBroadcast=yes. | |
255 | ||
256 | * systemd-networkd will now set up IPv4LL addresses (when | |
257 | enabled) even if DHCP is configured successfully. | |
258 | ||
259 | * udev will now default to respect network device names given | |
260 | by the kernel when the kernel indicates that these are | |
261 | predictable. This behavior can be tweaked by changing | |
262 | NamePolicy= in the relevant .link file. | |
263 | ||
b2ca0d63 LP |
264 | * A new library systemd-terminal has been added that |
265 | implements full TTY stream parsing and rendering. This | |
266 | library is supposed to be used later on for implementing a | |
267 | full userspace VT subsystem, replacing the current kernel | |
268 | implementation. | |
269 | ||
270 | * A new tool systemd-journal-upload has been added to push | |
271 | journal data to a remote system running | |
272 | systemd-journal-remote. | |
273 | ||
274 | * journald will no longer forward all local data to another | |
275 | running syslog daemon. This change has been made because | |
276 | rsyslog (which appears to be the most commonly used syslog | |
277 | implementation these days) no longer makes use of this, and | |
278 | instead pulls the data out of the journal on its own. Since | |
5f02e26c | 279 | forwarding the messages to a non-existent syslog server is |
b2ca0d63 LP |
280 | more expensive than we assumed we have now turned this |
281 | off. If you run a syslog server that is not a recent rsyslog | |
282 | version, you have to turn this option on again | |
283 | (ForwardToSyslog= in journald.conf). | |
284 | ||
285 | * journald now optionally supports the LZ4 compressor for | |
286 | larger journal fields. This compressor should perform much | |
287 | better than XZ which was the previous default. | |
288 | ||
289 | * machinectl now shows the IP addresses of local containers, | |
290 | if it knows them, plus the interface name of the container. | |
291 | ||
292 | * A new tool "systemd-escape" has been added that makes it | |
293 | easy to escape strings to build unit names and similar. | |
294 | ||
295 | * sd_notify() messages may now include a new ERRNO= field | |
296 | which is parsed and collected by systemd and shown among the | |
297 | "systemctl status" output for a service. | |
298 | ||
299 | * A new component "systemd-firstboot" has been added that | |
300 | queries the most basic systemd information (timezone, | |
a1a4a25e | 301 | hostname, root password) interactively on first |
b2ca0d63 LP |
302 | boot. Alternatively it may also be used to provision these |
303 | things offline on OS images installed into directories. | |
304 | ||
01da80b1 LP |
305 | * The default sysctl.d/ snippets will now set |
306 | ||
307 | net.ipv4.conf.default.promote_secondaries=1 | |
308 | ||
309 | This has the benefit of no flushing secondary IP addresses | |
310 | when primary addresses are removed. | |
311 | ||
b2ca0d63 LP |
312 | Contributions from: Ansgar Burchardt, Bastien Nocera, Colin |
313 | Walters, Dan Dedrick, Daniel Buch, Daniel Korostil, Daniel | |
314 | Mack, Dan Williams, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Denis | |
315 | Kenzior, Eelco Dolstra, Eric Cook, Hannes Reinecke, Harald | |
316 | Hoyer, Hong Shick Pak, Hui Wang, Jean-André Santoni, Jóhann | |
317 | B. Guðmundsson, Jon Severinsson, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, Kevin | |
318 | Wells, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
319 | Marc-Antoine Perennou, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael | |
320 | Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, | |
321 | Miguel Angel Ajo, Mike Gilbert, Olivier Brunel, Robert | |
322 | Schiele, Ronny Chevalier, Simon McVittie, Sjoerd Simons, Stef | |
323 | Walter, Steven Noonan, Susant Sahani, Tanu Kaskinen, Thomas | |
324 | Blume, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Timofey Titovets, | |
325 | Tobias Geerinckx-Rice, Tomasz Torcz, Tom Gundersen, Umut | |
326 | Tezduyar Lindskog, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
327 | ||
328 | -- Berlin, 2014-08-19 | |
b72ddf0f | 329 | |
3dff3e00 | 330 | CHANGES WITH 215: |
24a2bf4c LP |
331 | |
332 | * A new tool systemd-sysusers has been added. This tool | |
333 | creates system users and groups in /etc/passwd and | |
334 | /etc/group, based on static declarative system user/group | |
335 | definitions in /usr/lib/sysusers.d/. This is useful to | |
336 | enable factory resets and volatile systems that boot up with | |
337 | an empty /etc directory, and thus need system users and | |
338 | groups created during early boot. systemd now also ships | |
339 | with two default sysusers.d/ files for the most basic | |
340 | users and groups systemd and the core operating system | |
341 | require. | |
342 | ||
343 | * A new tmpfiles snippet has been added that rebuilds the | |
344 | essential files in /etc on boot, should they be missing. | |
345 | ||
346 | * A directive for ensuring automatic clean-up of | |
347 | /var/cache/man/ has been removed from the default | |
348 | configuration. This line should now be shipped by the man | |
349 | implementation. The necessary change has been made to the | |
350 | man-db implementation. Note that you need to update your man | |
351 | implementation to one that ships this line, otherwise no | |
352 | automatic clean-up of /var/cache/man will take place. | |
353 | ||
354 | * A new condition ConditionNeedsUpdate= has been added that | |
355 | may conditionalize services to only run when /etc or /var | |
356 | are "older" than the vendor operating system resources in | |
357 | /usr. This is useful for reconstructing or updating /etc | |
358 | after an offline update of /usr or a factory reset, on the | |
359 | next reboot. Services that want to run once after such an | |
360 | update or reset should use this condition and order | |
361 | themselves before the new systemd-update-done.service, which | |
362 | will mark the two directories as fully updated. A number of | |
363 | service files have been added making use of this, to rebuild | |
364 | the udev hardware database, the journald message catalog and | |
365 | dynamic loader cache (ldconfig). The systemd-sysusers tool | |
366 | described above also makes use of this now. With this in | |
367 | place it is now possible to start up a minimal operating | |
ce1dde29 | 368 | system with /etc empty cleanly. For more information on the |
24a2bf4c LP |
369 | concepts involved see this recent blog story: |
370 | ||
371 | http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/stateless.html | |
372 | ||
373 | * A new system group "input" has been introduced, and all | |
374 | input device nodes get this group assigned. This is useful | |
375 | for system-level software to get access to input devices. It | |
3dff3e00 KS |
376 | complements what is already done for "audio" and "video". |
377 | ||
24a2bf4c LP |
378 | * systemd-networkd learnt minimal DHCPv4 server support in |
379 | addition to the existing DHCPv4 client support. It also | |
380 | learnt DHCPv6 client and IPv6 Router Solicitation client | |
381 | support. The DHCPv4 client gained support for static routes | |
382 | passed in from the server. Note that the [DHCPv4] section | |
383 | known in older systemd-networkd versions has been renamed to | |
384 | [DHCP] and is now also used by the DHCPv6 client. Existing | |
c7435cc9 LP |
385 | .network files using settings of this section should be |
386 | updated, though compatibility is maintained. Optionally, the | |
387 | client hostname may now be sent to the DHCP server. | |
24a2bf4c | 388 | |
c7435cc9 LP |
389 | * networkd gained support for vxlan virtual networks as well |
390 | as tun/tap and dummy devices. | |
24a2bf4c LP |
391 | |
392 | * networkd gained support for automatic allocation of address | |
393 | ranges for interfaces from a system-wide pool of | |
394 | addresses. This is useful for dynamically managing a large | |
395 | number of interfaces with a single network configuration | |
396 | file. In particular this is useful to easily assign | |
397 | appropriate IP addresses to the veth links of a large number | |
398 | of nspawn instances. | |
399 | ||
400 | * RPM macros for processing sysusers, sysctl and binfmt | |
401 | drop-in snippets at package installation time have been | |
402 | added. | |
403 | ||
404 | * The /etc/os-release file should now be placed in | |
405 | /usr/lib/os-release. The old location is automatically | |
406 | created as symlink. /usr/lib is the more appropriate | |
407 | location of this file, since it shall actually describe the | |
408 | vendor operating system shipped in /usr, and not the | |
409 | configuration stored in /etc. | |
410 | ||
411 | * .mount units gained a new boolean SloppyOptions= setting | |
412 | that maps to mount(8)'s -s option which enables permissive | |
413 | parsing of unknown mount options. | |
414 | ||
415 | * tmpfiles learnt a new "L+" directive which creates a symlink | |
416 | but (unlike "L") deletes a pre-existing file first, should | |
417 | it already exist and not already be the correct | |
418 | symlink. Similar, "b+", "c+" and "p+" directives have been | |
419 | added as well, which create block and character devices, as | |
420 | well as fifos in the filesystem, possibly removing any | |
421 | pre-existing files of different types. | |
422 | ||
423 | * For tmpfiles' "L", "L+", "C" and "C+" directives the final | |
424 | 'argument' field (which so far specified the source to | |
ce1dde29 | 425 | symlink/copy the files from) is now optional. If omitted the |
24a2bf4c LP |
426 | same file os copied from /usr/share/factory/ suffixed by the |
427 | full destination path. This is useful for populating /etc | |
428 | with essential files, by copying them from vendor defaults | |
429 | shipped in /usr/share/factory/etc. | |
430 | ||
431 | * A new command "systemctl preset-all" has been added that | |
432 | applies the service preset settings to all installed unit | |
433 | files. A new switch --preset-mode= has been added that | |
434 | controls whether only enable or only disable operations | |
435 | shall be executed. | |
436 | ||
437 | * A new command "systemctl is-system-running" has been added | |
438 | that allows checking the overall state of the system, for | |
ce1dde29 | 439 | example whether it is fully up and running. |
24a2bf4c LP |
440 | |
441 | * When the system boots up with an empty /etc, the equivalent | |
442 | to "systemctl preset-all" is executed during early boot, to | |
443 | make sure all default services are enabled after a factory | |
444 | reset. | |
445 | ||
446 | * systemd now contains a minimal preset file that enables the | |
447 | most basic services systemd ships by default. | |
448 | ||
449 | * Unit files' [Install] section gained a new DefaultInstance= | |
450 | field for defining the default instance to create if a | |
451 | template unit is enabled with no instance specified. | |
452 | ||
453 | * A new passive target cryptsetup-pre.target has been added | |
454 | that may be used by services that need to make they run and | |
455 | finish before the first LUKS cryptographic device is set up. | |
456 | ||
457 | * The /dev/loop-control and /dev/btrfs-control device nodes | |
458 | are now owned by the "disk" group by default, opening up | |
459 | access to this group. | |
460 | ||
461 | * systemd-coredump will now automatically generate a | |
462 | stack trace of all core dumps taking place on the system, | |
463 | based on elfutils' libdw library. This stack trace is logged | |
464 | to the journal. | |
465 | ||
466 | * systemd-coredump may now optionally store coredumps directly | |
467 | on disk (in /var/lib/systemd/coredump, possibly compressed), | |
468 | instead of storing them unconditionally in the journal. This | |
469 | mode is the new default. A new configuration file | |
470 | /etc/systemd/coredump.conf has been added to configure this | |
471 | and other parameters of systemd-coredump. | |
472 | ||
473 | * coredumpctl gained a new "info" verb to show details about a | |
474 | specific coredump. A new switch "-1" has also been added | |
475 | that makes sure to only show information about the most | |
476 | recent entry instead of all entries. Also, as the tool is | |
477 | generally useful now the "systemd-" prefix of the binary | |
478 | name has been removed. Distributions that want to maintain | |
479 | compatibility with the old name should add a symlink from | |
480 | the old name to the new name. | |
481 | ||
482 | * journald's SplitMode= now defaults to "uid". This makes sure | |
ce1dde29 | 483 | that unprivileged users can access their own coredumps with |
24a2bf4c LP |
484 | coredumpctl without restrictions. |
485 | ||
486 | * New kernel command line options "systemd.wants=" (for | |
487 | pulling an additional unit during boot), "systemd.mask=" | |
488 | (for masking a specific unit for the boot), and | |
489 | "systemd.debug-shell" (for enabling the debug shell on tty9) | |
490 | have been added. This is implemented in the new generator | |
491 | "systemd-debug-generator". | |
492 | ||
493 | * systemd-nspawn will now by default filter a couple of | |
494 | syscalls for containers, among them those required for | |
495 | kernel module loading, direct x86 IO port access, swap | |
496 | management, and kexec. Most importantly though | |
497 | open_by_handle_at() is now prohibited for containers, | |
498 | closing a hole similar to a recently discussed vulnerability | |
499 | in docker regarding access to files on file hierarchies the | |
500 | container should normally not have access to. Note that for | |
501 | nspawn we generally make no security claims anyway (and | |
502 | this is explicitly documented in the man page), so this is | |
503 | just a fix for one of the most obvious problems. | |
504 | ||
505 | * A new man page file-hierarchy(7) has been added that | |
506 | contains a minimized, modernized version of the file system | |
507 | layout systemd expects, similar in style to the FHS | |
c7435cc9 LP |
508 | specification or hier(5). A new tool systemd-path(1) has |
509 | been added to query many of these paths for the local | |
510 | machine and user. | |
24a2bf4c LP |
511 | |
512 | * Automatic time-based clean-up of $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is no | |
513 | longer done. Since the directory now has a per-user size | |
514 | limit, and is cleaned on logout this appears unnecessary, | |
515 | in particular since this now brings the lifecycle of this | |
516 | directory closer in line with how IPC objects are handled. | |
517 | ||
518 | * systemd.pc now exports a number of additional directories, | |
519 | including $libdir (which is useful to identify the library | |
520 | path for the primary architecture of the system), and a | |
521 | couple of drop-in directories. | |
522 | ||
3058e017 TLSC |
523 | * udev's predictable network interface names now use the dev_port |
524 | sysfs attribute, introduced in linux 3.15 instead of dev_id to | |
525 | distinguish between ports of the same PCI function. dev_id should | |
526 | only be used for ports using the same HW address, hence the need | |
527 | for dev_port. | |
528 | ||
c7435cc9 LP |
529 | * machined has been updated to export the OS version of a |
530 | container (read from /etc/os-release and | |
531 | /usr/lib/os-release) on the bus. This is now shown in | |
532 | "machinectl status" for a machine. | |
533 | ||
534 | * A new service setting RestartForceExitStatus= has been | |
535 | added. If configured to a set of exit signals or process | |
536 | return values, the service will be restarted when the main | |
537 | daemon process exits with any of them, regardless of the | |
538 | Restart= setting. | |
539 | ||
540 | * systemctl's -H switch for connecting to remote systemd | |
541 | machines has been extended so that it may be used to | |
542 | directly connect to a specific container on the | |
543 | host. "systemctl -H root@foobar:waldi" will now connect as | |
544 | user "root" to host "foobar", and then proceed directly to | |
545 | the container named "waldi". Note that currently you have to | |
546 | authenticate as user "root" for this to work, as entering | |
547 | containers is a privileged operation. | |
548 | ||
549 | Contributions from: Andreas Henriksson, Benjamin Steinwender, | |
550 | Carl Schaefer, Christian Hesse, Colin Ian King, Cristian | |
551 | Rodríguez, Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Eugene | |
552 | Yakubovich, Filipe Brandenburger, Frederic Crozat, Hristo | |
553 | Venev, Jan Engelhardt, Jonathan Boulle, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
554 | Poettering, Luke Shumaker, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc-Antoine | |
555 | Perennou, Marcel Holtmann, Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, | |
556 | Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Michal Sekletar, Patrik Flykt, Ronan Le | |
557 | Martret, Ronny Chevalier, Ruediger Oertel, Steven Noonan, | |
558 | Susant Sahani, Thadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo, Thomas Hindoe | |
559 | Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Tom Hirst, Umut Tezduyar | |
560 | Lindskog, Uoti Urpala, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
561 | ||
562 | -- Berlin, 2014-07-03 | |
563 | ||
4196a3ea KS |
564 | CHANGES WITH 214: |
565 | ||
566 | * As an experimental feature, udev now tries to lock the | |
567 | disk device node (flock(LOCK_SH|LOCK_NB)) while it | |
568 | executes events for the disk or any of its partitions. | |
569 | Applications like partitioning programs can lock the | |
570 | disk device node (flock(LOCK_EX)) and claim temporary | |
571 | device ownership that way; udev will entirely skip all event | |
572 | handling for this disk and its partitions. If the disk | |
573 | was opened for writing, the close will trigger a partition | |
574 | table rescan in udev's "watch" facility, and if needed | |
71449caf | 575 | synthesize "change" events for the disk and all its partitions. |
8d0e0ddd | 576 | This is now unconditionally enabled, and if it turns out to |
4196a3ea | 577 | cause major problems, we might turn it on only for specific |
45df8656 | 578 | devices, or might need to disable it entirely. Device Mapper |
4196a3ea KS |
579 | devices are excluded from this logic. |
580 | ||
04e91da2 LP |
581 | * We temporarily dropped the "-l" switch for fsck invocations, |
582 | since they collide with the flock() logic above. util-linux | |
583 | upstream has been changed already to avoid this conflict, | |
584 | and we will readd "-l" as soon as util-linux with this | |
585 | change has been released. | |
586 | ||
587 | * The dependency on libattr has been removed. Since a long | |
8d0e0ddd | 588 | time, the extended attribute calls have moved to glibc, and |
04e91da2 LP |
589 | libattr is thus unnecessary. |
590 | ||
591 | * Virtualization detection works without priviliges now. This | |
592 | means the systemd-detect-virt binary no longer requires | |
593 | CAP_SYS_PTRACE file capabilities, and our daemons can run | |
71449caf | 594 | with fewer privileges. |
04e91da2 LP |
595 | |
596 | * systemd-networkd now runs under its own "systemd-network" | |
597 | user. It retains the CAP_NET_ADMIN, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, | |
598 | CAP_NET_BROADCAST, CAP_NET_RAW capabilities though, but | |
599 | loses the ability to write to files owned by root this way. | |
600 | ||
601 | * Similar, systemd-resolved now runs under its own | |
602 | "systemd-resolve" user with no capabilities remaining. | |
603 | ||
604 | * Similar, systemd-bus-proxyd now runs under its own | |
605 | "systemd-bus-proxy" user with only CAP_IPC_OWNER remaining. | |
606 | ||
607 | * systemd-networkd gained support for setting up "veth" | |
608 | virtual ethernet devices for container connectivity, as well | |
609 | as GRE and VTI tunnels. | |
610 | ||
611 | * systemd-networkd will no longer automatically attempt to | |
612 | manually load kernel modules necessary for certain tunnel | |
8d0e0ddd | 613 | transports. Instead, it is assumed the kernel loads them |
04e91da2 LP |
614 | automatically when required. This only works correctly on |
615 | very new kernels. On older kernels, please consider adding | |
c54bed5d | 616 | the kernel modules to /etc/modules-load.d/ as a work-around. |
04e91da2 | 617 | |
cd14eda3 | 618 | * The resolv.conf file systemd-resolved generates has been |
8d0e0ddd JE |
619 | moved to /run/systemd/resolve/. If you have a symlink from |
620 | /etc/resolv.conf, it might be necessary to correct it. | |
cd14eda3 | 621 | |
ef392da6 | 622 | * Two new service settings, ProtectHome= and ProtectSystem=, |
8d0e0ddd | 623 | have been added. When enabled, they will make the user data |
04e91da2 LP |
624 | (such as /home) inaccessible or read-only and the system |
625 | (such as /usr) read-only, for specific services. This allows | |
626 | very light-weight per-service sandboxing to avoid | |
627 | modifications of user data or system files from | |
628 | services. These two new switches have been enabled for all | |
629 | of systemd's long-running services, where appropriate. | |
630 | ||
631 | * Socket units gained new SocketUser= and SocketGroup= | |
632 | settings to set the owner user and group of AF_UNIX sockets | |
633 | and FIFOs in the file system. | |
634 | ||
8d0e0ddd | 635 | * Socket units gained a new RemoveOnStop= setting. If enabled, |
04e91da2 LP |
636 | all FIFOS and sockets in the file system will be removed |
637 | when the specific socket unit is stopped. | |
638 | ||
639 | * Socket units gained a new Symlinks= setting. It takes a list | |
640 | of symlinks to create to file system sockets or FIFOs | |
45df8656 | 641 | created by the specific Unix sockets. This is useful to |
71449caf | 642 | manage symlinks to socket nodes with the same life-cycle as |
04e91da2 LP |
643 | the socket itself. |
644 | ||
645 | * The /dev/log socket and /dev/initctl FIFO have been moved to | |
646 | /run, and have been replaced by symlinks. This allows | |
647 | connecting to these facilities even if PrivateDevices=yes is | |
648 | used for a service (which makes /dev/log itself unavailable, | |
649 | but /run is left). This also has the benefit of ensuring | |
650 | that /dev only contains device nodes, directories and | |
651 | symlinks, and nothing else. | |
652 | ||
653 | * sd-daemon gained two new calls sd_pid_notify() and | |
654 | sd_pid_notifyf(). They are similar to sd_notify() and | |
655 | sd_notifyf(), but allow overriding of the source PID of | |
656 | notification messages if permissions permit this. This is | |
657 | useful to send notify messages on behalf of a different | |
658 | process (for example, the parent process). The | |
659 | systemd-notify tool has been updated to make use of this | |
660 | when sending messages (so that notification messages now | |
661 | originate from the shell script invoking systemd-notify and | |
662 | not the systemd-notify process itself. This should minimize | |
663 | a race where systemd fails to associate notification | |
664 | messages to services when the originating process already | |
665 | vanished. | |
666 | ||
667 | * A new "on-abnormal" setting for Restart= has been added. If | |
8d0e0ddd | 668 | set, it will result in automatic restarts on all "abnormal" |
04e91da2 LP |
669 | reasons for a process to exit, which includes unclean |
670 | signals, core dumps, timeouts and watchdog timeouts, but | |
671 | does not include clean and unclean exit codes or clean | |
672 | signals. Restart=on-abnormal is an alternative for | |
673 | Restart=on-failure for services that shall be able to | |
674 | terminate and avoid restarts on certain errors, by | |
675 | indicating so with an unclean exit code. Restart=on-failure | |
676 | or Restart=on-abnormal is now the recommended setting for | |
677 | all long-running services. | |
678 | ||
679 | * If the InaccessibleDirectories= service setting points to a | |
680 | mount point (or if there are any submounts contained within | |
681 | it), it is now attempted to completely unmount it, to make | |
682 | the file systems truly unavailable for the respective | |
683 | service. | |
684 | ||
685 | * The ReadOnlyDirectories= service setting and | |
686 | systemd-nspawn's --read-only parameter are now recursively | |
687 | applied to all submounts, too. | |
688 | ||
689 | * Mount units may now be created transiently via the bus APIs. | |
690 | ||
691 | * The support for SysV and LSB init scripts has been removed | |
692 | from the systemd daemon itself. Instead, it is now | |
693 | implemented as a generator that creates native systemd units | |
694 | from these scripts when needed. This enables us to remove a | |
695 | substantial amount of legacy code from PID 1, following the | |
696 | fact that many distributions only ship a very small number | |
697 | of LSB/SysV init scripts nowadays. | |
698 | ||
699 | * Priviliged Xen (dom0) domains are not considered | |
700 | virtualization anymore by the virtualization detection | |
701 | logic. After all, they generally have unrestricted access to | |
71449caf | 702 | the hardware and usually are used to manage the unprivileged |
04e91da2 LP |
703 | (domU) domains. |
704 | ||
705 | * systemd-tmpfiles gained a new "C" line type, for copying | |
706 | files or entire directories. | |
707 | ||
708 | * systemd-tmpfiles "m" lines are now fully equivalent to "z" | |
8d0e0ddd JE |
709 | lines. So far, they have been non-globbing versions of the |
710 | latter, and have thus been redundant. In future, it is | |
711 | recommended to only use "z". "m" has hence been removed | |
04e91da2 LP |
712 | from the documentation, even though it stays supported. |
713 | ||
714 | * A tmpfiles snippet to recreate the most basic structure in | |
715 | /var has been added. This is enough to create the /var/run → | |
716 | /run symlink and create a couple of structural | |
717 | directories. This allows systems to boot up with an empty or | |
8d0e0ddd JE |
718 | volatile /var. Of course, while with this change, the core OS |
719 | now is capable with dealing with a volatile /var, not all | |
04e91da2 | 720 | user services are ready for it. However, we hope that sooner |
8d0e0ddd | 721 | or later, many service daemons will be changed upstream so |
04e91da2 LP |
722 | that they are able to automatically create their necessary |
723 | directories in /var at boot, should they be missing. This is | |
724 | the first step to allow state-less systems that only require | |
725 | the vendor image for /usr to boot. | |
726 | ||
727 | * systemd-nspawn has gained a new --tmpfs= switch to mount an | |
728 | empty tmpfs instance to a specific directory. This is | |
729 | particularly useful for making use of the automatic | |
730 | reconstruction of /var (see above), by passing --tmpfs=/var. | |
731 | ||
732 | * Access modes specified in tmpfiles snippets may now be | |
733 | prefixed with "~", which indicates that they shall be masked | |
daa05349 | 734 | by whether the existing file or directory is currently |
8d0e0ddd | 735 | writable, readable or executable at all. Also, if specified, |
04e91da2 LP |
736 | the sgid/suid/sticky bits will be masked for all |
737 | non-directories. | |
738 | ||
739 | * A new passive target unit "network-pre.target" has been | |
740 | added which is useful for services that shall run before any | |
741 | network is configured, for example firewall scripts. | |
742 | ||
4c0d13bd LP |
743 | * The "floppy" group that previously owned the /dev/fd* |
744 | devices is no longer used. The "disk" group is now used | |
745 | instead. Distributions should probably deprecate usage of | |
746 | this group. | |
747 | ||
dc1d6c02 LP |
748 | Contributions from: Camilo Aguilar, Christian Hesse, Colin Ian |
749 | King, Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Dave Reisner, David | |
750 | Strauss, Denis Tikhomirov, John, Jonathan Liu, Kay Sievers, | |
751 | Lennart Poettering, Mantas Mikulėnas, Mark Eichin, Ronny | |
752 | Chevalier, Susant Sahani, Thomas Blume, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel | |
753 | Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Zbigniew | |
754 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
755 | ||
756 | -- Berlin, 2014-06-11 | |
757 | ||
6936cd89 LP |
758 | CHANGES WITH 213: |
759 | ||
760 | * A new "systemd-timesyncd" daemon has been added for | |
69beda1f | 761 | synchronizing the system clock across the network. It |
6936cd89 | 762 | implements an SNTP client. In contrast to NTP |
8d0e0ddd | 763 | implementations such as chrony or the NTP reference server, |
6936cd89 | 764 | this only implements a client side, and does not bother with |
c9679c65 LP |
765 | the full NTP complexity, focusing only on querying time from |
766 | one remote server and synchronizing the local clock to | |
6936cd89 | 767 | it. Unless you intend to serve NTP to networked clients or |
8d0e0ddd | 768 | want to connect to local hardware clocks, this simple NTP |
6936cd89 LP |
769 | client should be more than appropriate for most |
770 | installations. The daemon runs with minimal privileges, and | |
771 | has been hooked up with networkd to only operate when | |
772 | network connectivity is available. The daemon saves the | |
773 | current clock to disk every time a new NTP sync has been | |
774 | acquired, and uses this to possibly correct the system clock | |
69beda1f | 775 | early at bootup, in order to accommodate for systems that |
6936cd89 | 776 | lack an RTC such as the Raspberry Pi and embedded devices, |
8d0e0ddd | 777 | and to make sure that time monotonically progresses on these |
c9679c65 | 778 | systems, even if it is not always correct. To make use of |
8d0e0ddd | 779 | this daemon, a new system user and group "systemd-timesync" |
c9679c65 | 780 | needs to be created on installation of systemd. |
6936cd89 | 781 | |
69beda1f KS |
782 | * The queue "seqnum" interface of libudev has been disabled, as |
783 | it was generally incompatible with device namespacing as | |
6936cd89 LP |
784 | sequence numbers of devices go "missing" if the devices are |
785 | part of a different namespace. | |
786 | ||
787 | * "systemctl list-timers" and "systemctl list-sockets" gained | |
788 | a --recursive switch for showing units of these types also | |
499b604b ZJS |
789 | for all local containers, similar in style to the already |
790 | supported --recursive switch for "systemctl list-units". | |
6936cd89 LP |
791 | |
792 | * A new RebootArgument= setting has been added for service | |
793 | units, which may be used to specify a kernel reboot argument | |
499b604b | 794 | to use when triggering reboots with StartLimitAction=. |
6936cd89 LP |
795 | |
796 | * A new FailureAction= setting has been added for service | |
797 | units which may be used to specify an operation to trigger | |
499b604b | 798 | when a service fails. This works similarly to |
8d0e0ddd | 799 | StartLimitAction=, but unlike it, controls what is done |
6936cd89 LP |
800 | immediately rather than only after several attempts to |
801 | restart the service in question. | |
802 | ||
803 | * hostnamed got updated to also expose the kernel name, | |
499b604b ZJS |
804 | release, and version on the bus. This is useful for |
805 | executing commands like hostnamectl with the -H switch. | |
806 | systemd-analyze makes use of this to properly display | |
807 | details when running non-locally. | |
6936cd89 LP |
808 | |
809 | * The bootchart tool can now show cgroup information in the | |
810 | graphs it generates. | |
811 | ||
812 | * The CFS CPU quota cgroup attribute is now exposed for | |
813 | services. The new CPUQuota= switch has been added for this | |
814 | which takes a percentage value. Setting this will have the | |
815 | result that a service may never get more CPU time than the | |
816 | specified percentage, even if the machine is otherwise idle. | |
817 | ||
818 | * systemd-networkd learned IPIP and SIT tunnel support. | |
819 | ||
820 | * LSB init scripts exposing a dependency on $network will now | |
821 | get a dependency on network-online.target rather than simply | |
822 | network.target. This should bring LSB handling closer to | |
823 | what it was on SysV systems. | |
824 | ||
825 | * A new fsck.repair= kernel option has been added to control | |
826 | how fsck shall deal with unclean file systems at boot. | |
827 | ||
828 | * The (.ini) configuration file parser will now silently | |
829 | ignore sections whose name begins with "X-". This may be | |
830 | used to maintain application-specific extension sections in unit | |
831 | files. | |
832 | ||
833 | * machined gained a new API to query the IP addresses of | |
834 | registered containers. "machinectl status" has been updated | |
835 | to show these addresses in its output. | |
836 | ||
837 | * A new call sd_uid_get_display() has been added to the | |
838 | sd-login APIs for querying the "primary" session of a | |
839 | user. The "primary" session of the user is elected from the | |
840 | user's sessions and generally a graphical session is | |
841 | preferred over a text one. | |
842 | ||
843 | * A minimal systemd-resolved daemon has been added. It | |
844 | currently simply acts as a companion to systemd-networkd and | |
845 | manages resolv.conf based on per-interface DNS | |
846 | configuration, possibly supplied via DHCP. In the long run | |
847 | we hope to extend this into a local DNSSEC enabled DNS and | |
848 | mDNS cache. | |
849 | ||
68dd0956 TG |
850 | * The systemd-networkd-wait-online tool is now enabled by |
851 | default. It will delay network-online.target until a network | |
852 | connection has been configured. The tool primarily integrates | |
853 | with networkd, but will also make a best effort to make sense | |
854 | of network configuration performed in some other way. | |
855 | ||
6936cd89 | 856 | * Two new service options StartupCPUShares= and |
499b604b | 857 | StartupBlockIOWeight= have been added that work similarly to |
6936cd89 | 858 | CPUShares= and BlockIOWeight= however only apply during |
69beda1f | 859 | system startup. This is useful to prioritize certain services |
6936cd89 LP |
860 | differently during bootup than during normal runtime. |
861 | ||
8e7acf67 LP |
862 | * hostnamed has been changed to prefer the statically |
863 | configured hostname in /etc/hostname (unless set to | |
864 | 'localhost' or empty) over any dynamic one supplied by | |
8d0e0ddd | 865 | dhcp. With this change, the rules for picking the hostname |
8e7acf67 LP |
866 | match more closely the rules of other configuration settings |
867 | where the local administrator's configuration in /etc always | |
868 | overrides any other settings. | |
869 | ||
870 | Contributions fron: Ali H. Caliskan, Alison Chaiken, Bas van | |
6936cd89 LP |
871 | den Berg, Brandon Philips, Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, |
872 | Dan Kilman, Dave Reisner, David Härdeman, David Herrmann, | |
873 | David Strauss, Dimitris Spingos, Djalal Harouni, Eelco | |
874 | Dolstra, Evan Nemerson, Florian Albrechtskirchinger, Greg | |
875 | Kroah-Hartman, Harald Hoyer, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Jan | |
876 | Engelhardt, Jani Nikula, Jason St. John, Jeffrey Clark, | |
877 | Jonathan Boulle, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas | |
878 | Nykryn, Lukasz Skalski, Łukasz Stelmach, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
8e7acf67 LP |
879 | Marcel Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Michael |
880 | Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Michal Sekletar, Mike Gilbert, Nis | |
881 | Martensen, Patrik Flykt, Philip Lorenz, poma, Ray Strode, | |
882 | Reyad Attiyat, Robert Milasan, Scott Thrasher, Stef Walter, | |
883 | Steven Siloti, Susant Sahani, Tanu Kaskinen, Thomas Bächler, | |
884 | Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar | |
885 | Lindskog, WaLyong Cho, Will Woods, Zbigniew | |
6936cd89 LP |
886 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek |
887 | ||
8e7acf67 | 888 | -- Beijing, 2014-05-28 |
6936cd89 | 889 | |
51c61cda LP |
890 | CHANGES WITH 212: |
891 | ||
892 | * When restoring the screen brightness at boot, stay away from | |
893 | the darkest setting or from the lowest 5% of the available | |
894 | range, depending on which is the larger value of both. This | |
895 | should effectively protect the user from rebooting into a | |
896 | black screen, should the brightness have been set to minimum | |
897 | by accident. | |
898 | ||
899 | * sd-login gained a new sd_machine_get_class() call to | |
900 | determine the class ("vm" or "container") of a machine | |
901 | registered with machined. | |
902 | ||
903 | * sd-login gained new calls | |
904 | sd_peer_get_{session,owner_uid,unit,user_unit,slice,machine_name}(), | |
905 | to query the identity of the peer of a local AF_UNIX | |
499b604b | 906 | connection. They operate similarly to their sd_pid_get_xyz() |
51c61cda LP |
907 | counterparts. |
908 | ||
909 | * PID 1 will now maintain a system-wide system state engine | |
910 | with the states "starting", "running", "degraded", | |
911 | "maintenance", "stopping". These states are bound to system | |
912 | startup, normal runtime, runtime with at least one failed | |
913 | service, rescue/emergency mode and system shutdown. This | |
914 | state is shown in the "systemctl status" output when no unit | |
915 | name is passed. It is useful to determine system state, in | |
916 | particularly when doing so for many systems or containers at | |
917 | once. | |
918 | ||
919 | * A new command "list-machines" has been added to "systemctl" | |
920 | that lists all local OS containers and shows their system | |
921 | state (see above), if systemd runs inside of them. | |
922 | ||
923 | * systemctl gained a new "-r" switch to recursively enumerate | |
924 | units on all local containers, when used with the | |
925 | "list-unit" command (which is the default one that is | |
926 | executed when no parameters are specified). | |
927 | ||
928 | * The GPT automatic partition discovery logic will now honour | |
929 | two GPT partition flags: one may be set on a partition to | |
930 | cause it to be mounted read-only, and the other may be set | |
931 | on a partition to ignore it during automatic discovery. | |
932 | ||
933 | * Two new GPT type UUIDs have been added for automatic root | |
70a44afe | 934 | partition discovery, for 32-bit and 64-bit ARM. This is not |
51c61cda LP |
935 | particularly useful for discovering the root directory on |
936 | these architectures during bare-metal boots (since UEFI is | |
937 | not common there), but still very useful to allow booting of | |
938 | ARM disk images in nspawn with the -i option. | |
939 | ||
940 | * MAC addresses of interfaces created with nspawn's | |
941 | --network-interface= switch will now be generated from the | |
942 | machine name, and thus be stable between multiple invocations | |
943 | of the container. | |
944 | ||
945 | * logind will now automatically remove all IPC objects owned | |
946 | by a user if she or he fully logs out. This makes sure that | |
947 | users who are logged out cannot continue to consume IPC | |
948 | resources. This covers SysV memory, semaphores and message | |
949 | queues as well as POSIX shared memory and message | |
b8bde116 JE |
950 | queues. Traditionally, SysV and POSIX IPC had no life-cycle |
951 | limits. With this functionality, that is corrected. This may | |
952 | be turned off by using the RemoveIPC= switch of logind.conf. | |
51c61cda LP |
953 | |
954 | * The systemd-machine-id-setup and tmpfiles tools gained a | |
955 | --root= switch to operate on a specific root directory, | |
956 | instead of /. | |
957 | ||
958 | * journald can now forward logged messages to the TTYs of all | |
959 | logged in users ("wall"). This is the default for all | |
960 | emergency messages now. | |
961 | ||
962 | * A new tool systemd-journal-remote has been added to stream | |
963 | journal log messages across the network. | |
964 | ||
965 | * /sys/fs/cgroup/ is now mounted read-only after all cgroup | |
966 | controller trees are mounted into it. Note that the | |
967 | directories mounted beneath it are not read-only. This is a | |
968 | security measure and is particularly useful because glibc | |
969 | actually includes a search logic to pick any tmpfs it can | |
970 | find to implement shm_open() if /dev/shm is not available | |
971 | (which it might very well be in namespaced setups). | |
972 | ||
973 | * machinectl gained a new "poweroff" command to cleanly power | |
974 | down a local OS container. | |
975 | ||
976 | * The PrivateDevices= unit file setting will now also drop the | |
977 | CAP_MKNOD capability from the capability bound set, and | |
978 | imply DevicePolicy=closed. | |
979 | ||
980 | * PrivateDevices=, PrivateNetwork= and PrivateTmp= is now used | |
981 | comprehensively on all long-running systemd services where | |
982 | this is appropriate. | |
983 | ||
984 | * systemd-udevd will now run in a disassociated mount | |
b8bde116 | 985 | namespace. To mount directories from udev rules, make sure to |
51c61cda LP |
986 | pull in mount units via SYSTEMD_WANTS properties. |
987 | ||
988 | * The kdbus support gained support for uploading policy into | |
989 | the kernel. sd-bus gained support for creating "monitoring" | |
990 | connections that can eavesdrop into all bus communication | |
991 | for debugging purposes. | |
992 | ||
993 | * Timestamps may now be specified in seconds since the UNIX | |
994 | epoch Jan 1st, 1970 by specifying "@" followed by the value | |
995 | in seconds. | |
996 | ||
997 | * Native tcpwrap support in systemd has been removed. tcpwrap | |
998 | is old code, not really maintained anymore and has serious | |
999 | shortcomings, and better options such as firewalls | |
1000 | exist. For setups that require tcpwrap usage, please | |
1001 | consider invoking your socket-activated service via tcpd, | |
1002 | like on traditional inetd. | |
1003 | ||
1004 | * A new system.conf configuration option | |
1005 | DefaultTimerAccuracySec= has been added that controls the | |
1006 | default AccuracySec= setting of .timer units. | |
1007 | ||
b8bde116 | 1008 | * Timer units gained a new WakeSystem= switch. If enabled, |
51c61cda LP |
1009 | timers configured this way will cause the system to resume |
1010 | from system suspend (if the system supports that, which most | |
1011 | do these days). | |
1012 | ||
b8bde116 | 1013 | * Timer units gained a new Persistent= switch. If enabled, |
51c61cda LP |
1014 | timers configured this way will save to disk when they have |
1015 | been last triggered. This information is then used on next | |
1016 | reboot to possible execute overdue timer events, that | |
d28315e4 JE |
1017 | could not take place because the system was powered off. |
1018 | This enables simple anacron-like behaviour for timer units. | |
51c61cda LP |
1019 | |
1020 | * systemctl's "list-timers" will now also list the time a | |
1021 | timer unit was last triggered in addition to the next time | |
1022 | it will be triggered. | |
1023 | ||
1024 | * systemd-networkd will now assign predictable IPv4LL | |
1025 | addresses to its local interfaces. | |
1026 | ||
1027 | Contributions from: Brandon Philips, Daniel Buch, Daniel Mack, | |
1028 | Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Gerd Hoffmann, Greg | |
1029 | Kroah-Hartman, Hendrik Brueckner, Jason St. John, Josh | |
1030 | Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Marc-Antoine | |
1031 | Perennou, Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Miklos Vajna, | |
1032 | Patrik Flykt, poma, Sebastian Thorarensen, Thomas Bächler, | |
1033 | Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tomasz Torcz, Tom Gundersen, | |
1034 | Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Wieland Hoffmann, Zbigniew | |
1035 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
1036 | ||
1037 | -- Berlin, 2014-03-25 | |
1038 | ||
699b6b34 LP |
1039 | CHANGES WITH 211: |
1040 | ||
1041 | * A new unit file setting RestrictAddressFamilies= has been | |
1042 | added to restrict which socket address families unit | |
1043 | processes gain access to. This takes address family names | |
1044 | like "AF_INET" or "AF_UNIX", and is useful to minimize the | |
1045 | attack surface of services via exotic protocol stacks. This | |
1046 | is built on seccomp system call filters. | |
1047 | ||
1048 | * Two new unit file settings RuntimeDirectory= and | |
1049 | RuntimeDirectoryMode= have been added that may be used to | |
1050 | manage a per-daemon runtime directories below /run. This is | |
1051 | an alternative for setting up directory permissions with | |
1052 | tmpfiles snippets, and has the advantage that the runtime | |
1053 | directory's lifetime is bound to the daemon runtime and that | |
1054 | the daemon starts up with an empty directory each time. This | |
1055 | is particularly useful when writing services that drop | |
f1721625 | 1056 | privileges using the User= or Group= setting. |
699b6b34 LP |
1057 | |
1058 | * The DeviceAllow= unit setting now supports globbing for | |
1059 | matching against device group names. | |
1060 | ||
1061 | * The systemd configuration file system.conf gained new | |
1062 | settings DefaultCPUAccounting=, DefaultBlockIOAccounting=, | |
1063 | DefaultMemoryAccounting= to globally turn on/off accounting | |
1064 | for specific resources (cgroups) for all units. These | |
22e7062d | 1065 | settings may still be overridden individually in each unit |
699b6b34 LP |
1066 | though. |
1067 | ||
1068 | * systemd-gpt-auto-generator is now able to discover /srv and | |
1069 | root partitions in addition to /home and swap partitions. It | |
1070 | also supports LUKS-encrypted partitions now. With this in | |
b8bde116 | 1071 | place, automatic discovery of partitions to mount following |
699b6b34 LP |
1072 | the Discoverable Partitions Specification |
1073 | (http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/DiscoverablePartitionsSpec) | |
1074 | is now a lot more complete. This allows booting without | |
1075 | /etc/fstab and without root= on the kernel command line on | |
b8bde116 | 1076 | systems prepared appropriately. |
699b6b34 LP |
1077 | |
1078 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --image= switch which allows | |
1079 | booting up disk images and Linux installations on any block | |
1080 | device that follow the Discoverable Partitions Specification | |
1081 | (see above). This means that installations made with | |
1082 | appropriately updated installers may now be started and | |
1083 | deployed using container managers, completely | |
1084 | unmodified. (We hope that libvirt-lxc will add support for | |
1085 | this feature soon, too.) | |
1086 | ||
1087 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --network-macvlan= setting to | |
1088 | set up a private macvlan interface for the | |
499b604b | 1089 | container. Similarly, systemd-networkd gained a new |
699b6b34 LP |
1090 | Kind=macvlan setting in .netdev files. |
1091 | ||
1092 | * systemd-networkd now supports configuring local addresses | |
1093 | using IPv4LL. | |
1094 | ||
1095 | * A new tool systemd-network-wait-online has been added to | |
1096 | synchronously wait for network connectivity using | |
1097 | systemd-networkd. | |
1098 | ||
1099 | * The sd-bus.h bus API gained a new sd_bus_track object for | |
1100 | tracking the life-cycle of bus peers. Note that sd-bus.h is | |
1101 | still not a public API though (unless you specify | |
1102 | --enable-kdbus on the configure command line, which however | |
1103 | voids your warranty and you get no API stability guarantee). | |
1104 | ||
1105 | * The $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR runtime directories for each user are | |
1106 | now individual tmpfs instances, which has the benefit of | |
1107 | introducing separate pools for each user, with individual | |
4ef6e535 | 1108 | size limits, and thus making sure that unprivileged clients |
699b6b34 LP |
1109 | can no longer negatively impact the system or other users by |
1110 | filling up their $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR. A new logind.conf setting | |
1111 | RuntimeDirectorySize= has been introduced that allows | |
1112 | controlling the default size limit for all users. It | |
1113 | defaults to 10% of the available physical memory. This is no | |
1114 | replacement for quotas on tmpfs though (which the kernel | |
1115 | still does not support), as /dev/shm and /tmp are still | |
4ef6e535 | 1116 | shared resources used by both the system and unprivileged |
699b6b34 LP |
1117 | users. |
1118 | ||
1119 | * logind will now automatically turn off automatic suspending | |
1120 | on laptop lid close when more than one display is | |
1121 | connected. This was previously expected to be implemented | |
1122 | individually in desktop environments (such as GNOME), | |
1123 | however has been added to logind now, in order to fix a | |
1124 | boot-time race where a desktop environment might not have | |
1125 | been started yet and thus not been able to take an inhibitor | |
1126 | lock at the time where logind already suspends the system | |
1127 | due to a closed lid. | |
1128 | ||
1129 | * logind will now wait at least 30s after each system | |
1130 | suspend/resume cycle, and 3min after system boot before | |
1131 | suspending the system due to a closed laptop lid. This | |
1132 | should give USB docking stations and similar enough time to | |
4ef6e535 | 1133 | be probed and configured after system resume and boot in |
699b6b34 LP |
1134 | order to then act as suspend blocker. |
1135 | ||
1136 | * systemd-run gained a new --property= setting which allows | |
1137 | initialization of resource control properties (and others) | |
1138 | for the created scope or service unit. Example: "systemd-run | |
1139 | --property=BlockIOWeight=10 updatedb" may be used to run | |
1140 | updatedb at a low block IO scheduling weight. | |
1141 | ||
1142 | * systemd-run's --uid=, --gid=, --setenv=, --setenv= switches | |
1143 | now also work in --scope mode. | |
1144 | ||
1145 | * When systemd is compiled with kdbus support, basic support | |
1146 | for enforced policies is now in place. (Note that enabling | |
1147 | kdbus still voids your warranty and no API compatibility | |
1148 | promises are made.) | |
1149 | ||
1150 | Contributions from: Andrey Borzenkov, Ansgar Burchardt, Armin | |
1151 | K., Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Djalal Harouni, | |
1152 | Harald Hoyer, Henrik Grindal Bakken, Jasper St. Pierre, Kay | |
1153 | Sievers, Kieran Clancy, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, | |
1154 | Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel Holtmann, Mark Oteiza, Martin Pitt, | |
1155 | Mike Gilbert, Peter Rajnoha, poma, Samuli Suominen, Stef | |
1156 | Walter, Susant Sahani, Tero Roponen, Thomas Andersen, Thomas | |
1157 | Bächler, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tomasz Torcz, Tom | |
1158 | Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Uoti Urpala, Zachary Cook, | |
1159 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
1160 | ||
13b28d82 | 1161 | -- Berlin, 2014-03-12 |
699b6b34 | 1162 | |
43c71255 LP |
1163 | CHANGES WITH 210: |
1164 | ||
1165 | * systemd will now relabel /dev after loading the SMACK policy | |
1166 | according to SMACK rules. | |
1167 | ||
67dd87c5 | 1168 | * A new unit file option AppArmorProfile= has been added to |
43c71255 LP |
1169 | set the AppArmor profile for the processes of a unit. |
1170 | ||
1171 | * A new condition check ConditionArchitecture= has been added | |
1172 | to conditionalize units based on the system architecture, as | |
1173 | reported by uname()'s "machine" field. | |
1174 | ||
1175 | * systemd-networkd now supports matching on the system | |
1176 | virtualization, architecture, kernel command line, host name | |
1177 | and machine ID. | |
1178 | ||
ed28905e | 1179 | * logind is now a lot more aggressive when suspending the |
43c71255 | 1180 | machine due to a closed laptop lid. Instead of acting only |
b8bde116 | 1181 | on the lid close action, it will continuously watch the lid |
43c71255 LP |
1182 | status and act on it. This is useful for laptops where the |
1183 | power button is on the outside of the chassis so that it can | |
ed28905e | 1184 | be reached without opening the lid (such as the Lenovo |
b8bde116 | 1185 | Yoga). On those machines, logind will now immediately |
ed28905e | 1186 | re-suspend the machine if the power button has been |
43c71255 LP |
1187 | accidentally pressed while the laptop was suspended and in a |
1188 | backpack or similar. | |
1189 | ||
1190 | * logind will now watch SW_DOCK switches and inhibit reaction | |
1191 | to the lid switch if it is pressed. This means that logind | |
d27893ef | 1192 | will not suspend the machine anymore if the lid is closed |
949138cc | 1193 | and the system is docked, if the laptop supports SW_DOCK |
43c71255 LP |
1194 | notifications via the input layer. Note that ACPI docking |
1195 | stations do not generate this currently. Also note that this | |
1196 | logic is usually not fully sufficient and Desktop | |
1197 | Environments should take a lid switch inhibitor lock when an | |
1198 | external display is connected, as systemd will not watch | |
1199 | this on its own. | |
1200 | ||
1201 | * nspawn will now make use of the devices cgroup controller by | |
1202 | default, and only permit creation of and access to the usual | |
1203 | API device nodes like /dev/null or /dev/random, as well as | |
1204 | access to (but not creation of) the pty devices. | |
1205 | ||
1206 | * We will now ship a default .network file for | |
1207 | systemd-networkd that automatically configures DHCP for | |
1208 | network interfaces created by nspawn's --network-veth or | |
1209 | --network-bridge= switches. | |
1210 | ||
1211 | * systemd will now understand the usual M, K, G, T suffixes | |
1212 | according to SI conventions (i.e. to the base 1000) when | |
1213 | referring to throughput and hardware metrics. It will stay | |
1214 | with IEC conventions (i.e. to the base 1024) for software | |
1215 | metrics, according to what is customary according to | |
1216 | Wikipedia. We explicitly document which base applies for | |
1217 | each configuration option. | |
1218 | ||
1219 | * The DeviceAllow= setting in unit files now supports a syntax | |
ed28905e | 1220 | to whitelist an entire group of devices node majors at once, |
43c71255 | 1221 | based on the /proc/devices listing. For example, with the |
b8bde116 | 1222 | string "char-pts", it is now possible to whitelist all |
43c71255 LP |
1223 | current and future pseudo-TTYs at once. |
1224 | ||
1225 | * sd-event learned a new "post" event source. Event sources of | |
1226 | this type are triggered by the dispatching of any event | |
1227 | source of a type that is not "post". This is useful for | |
1228 | implementing clean-up and check event sources that are | |
1229 | triggered by other work being done in the program. | |
1230 | ||
1231 | * systemd-networkd is no longer statically enabled, but uses | |
1232 | the usual [Install] sections so that it can be | |
1233 | enabled/disabled using systemctl. It still is enabled by | |
1234 | default however. | |
1235 | ||
b8bde116 | 1236 | * When creating a veth interface pair with systemd-nspawn, the |
43c71255 LP |
1237 | host side will now be prefixed with "vb-" if |
1238 | --network-bridge= is used, and with "ve-" if --network-veth | |
b8bde116 | 1239 | is used. This way, it is easy to distinguish these cases on |
43c71255 LP |
1240 | the host, for example to apply different configuration to |
1241 | them with systemd-networkd. | |
1242 | ||
d27893ef LP |
1243 | * The compatibility libraries for libsystemd-journal.so, |
1244 | libsystem-id128.so, libsystemd-login.so and | |
1245 | libsystemd-daemon.so do not make use of IFUNC | |
b8bde116 | 1246 | anymore. Instead, we now build libsystemd.so multiple times |
d27893ef LP |
1247 | under these alternative names. This means that the footprint |
1248 | is drastically increased, but given that these are | |
b8bde116 | 1249 | transitional compatibility libraries, this should not matter |
d27893ef LP |
1250 | much. This change has been made necessary to support the ARM |
1251 | platform for these compatibility libraries, as the ARM | |
d28315e4 | 1252 | toolchain is not really at the same level as the toolchain |
ed28905e | 1253 | for other architectures like x86 and does not support |
d27893ef LP |
1254 | IFUNC. Please make sure to use --enable-compat-libs only |
1255 | during a transitional period! | |
1256 | ||
13b28d82 | 1257 | Contributions from: Andreas Fuchs, Armin K., Colin Walters, |
43c71255 LP |
1258 | Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Djalal Harouni, |
1259 | Holger Schurig, Jason A. Donenfeld, Jason St. John, Jasper | |
1260 | St. Pierre, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Łukasz Stelmach, | |
1261 | Marcel Holtmann, Michael Scherer, Michal Sekletar, Mike | |
1262 | Gilbert, Samuli Suominen, Thomas Bächler, Thomas Hindoe | |
1263 | Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, | |
1264 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
1265 | ||
1266 | -- Berlin, 2014-02-24 | |
1267 | ||
e49b5aad LP |
1268 | CHANGES WITH 209: |
1269 | ||
1270 | * A new component "systemd-networkd" has been added that can | |
1271 | be used to configure local network interfaces statically or | |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
1272 | via DHCP. It is capable of bringing up bridges, VLANs, and |
1273 | bonding. Currently, no hook-ups for interactive network | |
4670e9d5 | 1274 | configuration are provided. Use this for your initrd, |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
1275 | container, embedded, or server setup if you need a simple, |
1276 | yet powerful, network configuration solution. This | |
4670e9d5 | 1277 | configuration subsystem is quite nifty, as it allows wildcard |
1e190502 | 1278 | hotplug matching in interfaces. For example, with a single |
4670e9d5 | 1279 | configuration snippet, you can configure that all Ethernet |
1e190502 ZJS |
1280 | interfaces showing up are automatically added to a bridge, |
1281 | or similar. It supports link-sensing and more. | |
e49b5aad LP |
1282 | |
1283 | * A new tool "systemd-socket-proxyd" has been added which can | |
4c2413bf | 1284 | act as a bidirectional proxy for TCP sockets. This is |
e49b5aad LP |
1285 | useful for adding socket activation support to services that |
1286 | do not actually support socket activation, including virtual | |
4c2413bf | 1287 | machines and the like. |
e49b5aad LP |
1288 | |
1289 | * Add a new tool to save/restore rfkill state on | |
1290 | shutdown/boot. | |
1291 | ||
8b7d0494 JSJ |
1292 | * Save/restore state of keyboard backlights in addition to |
1293 | display backlights on shutdown/boot. | |
e49b5aad LP |
1294 | |
1295 | * udev learned a new SECLABEL{} construct to label device | |
1296 | nodes with a specific security label when they appear. For | |
4c2413bf | 1297 | now, only SECLABEL{selinux} is supported, but the syntax is |
e49b5aad LP |
1298 | prepared for additional security frameworks. |
1299 | ||
1300 | * udev gained a new scheme to configure link-level attributes | |
1301 | from files in /etc/systemd/network/*.link. These files can | |
8b7d0494 | 1302 | match against MAC address, device path, driver name and type, |
4c2413bf | 1303 | and will apply attributes like the naming policy, link speed, |
8b7d0494 | 1304 | MTU, duplex settings, Wake-on-LAN settings, MAC address, MAC |
e49b5aad LP |
1305 | address assignment policy (randomized, ...). |
1306 | ||
dfb08b05 ZJS |
1307 | * The configuration of network interface naming rules for |
1308 | "permanent interface names" has changed: a new NamePolicy= | |
1309 | setting in the [Link] section of .link files determines the | |
1310 | priority of possible naming schemes (onboard, slot, mac, | |
1311 | path). The default value of this setting is determined by | |
1312 | /usr/lib/net/links/99-default.link. Old | |
1313 | 80-net-name-slot.rules udev configuration file has been | |
1314 | removed, so local configuration overriding this file should | |
1315 | be adapated to override 99-default.link instead. | |
1316 | ||
e49b5aad | 1317 | * When the User= switch is used in a unit file, also |
4c2413bf | 1318 | initialize $SHELL= based on the user database entry. |
e49b5aad LP |
1319 | |
1320 | * systemd no longer depends on libdbus. All communication is | |
1321 | now done with sd-bus, systemd's low-level bus library | |
1322 | implementation. | |
1323 | ||
1324 | * kdbus support has been added to PID 1 itself. When kdbus is | |
4c2413bf | 1325 | enabled, this causes PID 1 to set up the system bus and |
e49b5aad LP |
1326 | enable support for a new ".busname" unit type that |
1327 | encapsulates bus name activation on kdbus. It works a little | |
1328 | bit like ".socket" units, except for bus names. A new | |
1329 | generator has been added that converts classic dbus1 service | |
1330 | activation files automatically into native systemd .busname | |
1331 | and .service units. | |
1332 | ||
1333 | * sd-bus: add a light-weight vtable implementation that allows | |
1334 | defining objects on the bus with a simple static const | |
1335 | vtable array of its methods, signals and properties. | |
1336 | ||
8b7d0494 | 1337 | * systemd will not generate or install static dbus |
e49b5aad | 1338 | introspection data anymore to /usr/share/dbus-1/interfaces, |
1e190502 | 1339 | as the precise format of these files is unclear, and |
e49b5aad LP |
1340 | nothing makes use of it. |
1341 | ||
1342 | * A proxy daemon is now provided to proxy clients connecting | |
1343 | via classic D-Bus AF_UNIX sockets to kdbus, to provide full | |
1344 | compatibility with classic D-Bus. | |
1345 | ||
1346 | * A bus driver implementation has been added that supports the | |
1347 | classic D-Bus bus driver calls on kdbus, also for | |
1348 | compatibility purposes. | |
1349 | ||
1350 | * A new API "sd-event.h" has been added that implements a | |
1351 | minimal event loop API built around epoll. It provides a | |
1352 | couple of features that direct epoll usage is lacking: | |
b9761003 | 1353 | prioritization of events, scales to large numbers of timer |
e49b5aad LP |
1354 | events, per-event timer slack (accuracy), system-wide |
1355 | coalescing of timer events, exit handlers, watchdog | |
1356 | supervision support using systemd's sd_notify() API, child | |
1357 | process handling. | |
1358 | ||
1359 | * A new API "sd-rntl.h" has been added that provides an API | |
1360 | around the route netlink interface of the kernel, similar in | |
1361 | style to "sd-bus.h". | |
1362 | ||
7e95eda5 PF |
1363 | * A new API "sd-dhcp-client.h" has been added that provides a |
1364 | small DHCPv4 client-side implementation. This is used by | |
e49b5aad LP |
1365 | "systemd-networkd". |
1366 | ||
4c2413bf | 1367 | * There is a new kernel command line option |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
1368 | "systemd.restore_state=0|1". When set to "0", none of the |
1369 | systemd tools will restore saved runtime state to hardware | |
1370 | devices. More specifically, the rfkill and backlight states | |
1371 | are not restored. | |
e49b5aad LP |
1372 | |
1373 | * The FsckPassNo= compatibility option in mount/service units | |
1374 | has been removed. The fstab generator will now add the | |
1375 | necessary dependencies automatically, and does not require | |
1376 | PID1's support for that anymore. | |
1377 | ||
8b7d0494 | 1378 | * journalctl gained a new switch, --list-boots, that lists |
e49b5aad LP |
1379 | recent boots with their times and boot IDs. |
1380 | ||
1381 | * The various tools like systemctl, loginctl, timedatectl, | |
1382 | busctl, systemd-run, ... have gained a new switch "-M" to | |
1383 | connect to a specific, local OS container (as direct | |
1384 | connection, without requiring SSH). This works on any | |
1385 | container that is registered with machined, such as those | |
1386 | created by libvirt-lxc or nspawn. | |
1387 | ||
1388 | * systemd-run and systemd-analyze also gained support for "-H" | |
4c2413bf | 1389 | to connect to remote hosts via SSH. This is particularly |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
1390 | useful for systemd-run because it enables queuing of jobs |
1391 | onto remote systems. | |
e49b5aad LP |
1392 | |
1393 | * machinectl gained a new command "login" to open a getty | |
1394 | login in any local container. This works with any container | |
1395 | that is registered with machined (such as those created by | |
8e420494 | 1396 | libvirt-lxc or nspawn), and which runs systemd inside. |
e49b5aad LP |
1397 | |
1398 | * machinectl gained a new "reboot" command that may be used to | |
1399 | trigger a reboot on a specific container that is registered | |
1400 | with machined. This works on any container that runs an init | |
1401 | system of some kind. | |
1402 | ||
1403 | * systemctl gained a new "list-timers" command to print a nice | |
1404 | listing of installed timer units with the times they elapse | |
1405 | next. | |
1406 | ||
1407 | * Alternative reboot() parameters may now be specified on the | |
1408 | "systemctl reboot" command line and are passed to the | |
1409 | reboot() system call. | |
1410 | ||
1411 | * systemctl gained a new --job-mode= switch to configure the | |
1412 | mode to queue a job with. This is a more generic version of | |
8b7d0494 | 1413 | --fail, --irreversible, and --ignore-dependencies, which are |
e49b5aad LP |
1414 | still available but not advertised anymore. |
1415 | ||
e49b5aad LP |
1416 | * /etc/systemd/system.conf gained new settings to configure |
1417 | various default timeouts of units, as well as the default | |
b9761003 | 1418 | start limit interval and burst. These may still be overridden |
e49b5aad LP |
1419 | within each Unit. |
1420 | ||
270f1624 LP |
1421 | * PID1 will now export on the bus profile data of the security |
1422 | policy upload process (such as the SELinux policy upload to | |
8e420494 | 1423 | the kernel). |
e49b5aad | 1424 | |
4670e9d5 | 1425 | * journald: when forwarding logs to the console, include |
1e190502 ZJS |
1426 | timestamps (following the setting in |
1427 | /sys/module/printk/parameters/time). | |
e49b5aad LP |
1428 | |
1429 | * OnCalendar= in timer units now understands the special | |
1430 | strings "yearly" and "annually". (Both are equivalent) | |
1431 | ||
1432 | * The accuracy of timer units is now configurable with the new | |
1433 | AccuracySec= setting. It defaults to 1min. | |
1434 | ||
1435 | * A new dependency type JoinsNamespaceOf= has been added that | |
1436 | allows running two services within the same /tmp and network | |
1437 | namespace, if PrivateNetwork= or PrivateTmp= are used. | |
1438 | ||
1439 | * A new command "cat" has been added to systemctl. It outputs | |
1440 | the original unit file of a unit, and concatenates the | |
1e190502 ZJS |
1441 | contents of additional "drop-in" unit file snippets, so that |
1442 | the full configuration is shown. | |
e49b5aad LP |
1443 | |
1444 | * systemctl now supports globbing on the various "list-xyz" | |
1445 | commands, like "list-units" or "list-sockets", as well as on | |
1e190502 ZJS |
1446 | those commands which take multiple unit names. |
1447 | ||
1448 | * journalctl's --unit= switch gained support for globbing. | |
e49b5aad LP |
1449 | |
1450 | * All systemd daemons now make use of the watchdog logic so | |
1451 | that systemd automatically notices when they hang. | |
1452 | ||
4c2413bf | 1453 | * If the $container_ttys environment variable is set, |
e49b5aad LP |
1454 | getty-generator will automatically spawn a getty for each |
1455 | listed tty. This is useful for container managers to request | |
1456 | login gettys to be spawned on as many ttys as needed. | |
1457 | ||
1458 | * %h, %s, %U specifier support is not available anymore when | |
1459 | used in unit files for PID 1. This is because NSS calls are | |
1460 | not safe from PID 1. They stay available for --user | |
1461 | instances of systemd, and as special case for the root user. | |
1462 | ||
e49b5aad LP |
1463 | * loginctl gained a new "--no-legend" switch to turn off output |
1464 | of the legend text. | |
1465 | ||
1466 | * The "sd-login.h" API gained three new calls: | |
1467 | sd_session_is_remote(), sd_session_get_remote_user(), | |
1468 | sd_session_get_remote_host() to query information about | |
1469 | remote sessions. | |
1470 | ||
8e420494 LP |
1471 | * The udev hardware database now also carries vendor/product |
1472 | information of SDIO devices. | |
e49b5aad LP |
1473 | |
1474 | * The "sd-daemon.h" API gained a new sd_watchdog_enabled() to | |
1475 | determine whether watchdog notifications are requested by | |
1476 | the system manager. | |
1477 | ||
1e190502 | 1478 | * Socket-activated per-connection services now include a |
e49b5aad LP |
1479 | short description of the connection parameters in the |
1480 | description. | |
1481 | ||
4c2413bf | 1482 | * tmpfiles gained a new "--boot" option. When this is not used, |
e49b5aad | 1483 | only lines where the command character is not suffixed with |
4670e9d5 | 1484 | "!" are executed. When this option is specified, those |
1e190502 ZJS |
1485 | options are executed too. This partitions tmpfiles |
1486 | directives into those that can be safely executed at any | |
1487 | time, and those which should be run only at boot (for | |
1488 | example, a line that creates /run/nologin). | |
e49b5aad | 1489 | |
c0c5af00 | 1490 | * A new API "sd-resolve.h" has been added which provides a simple |
4c2413bf | 1491 | asynchronous wrapper around glibc NSS host name resolution |
e49b5aad | 1492 | calls, such as getaddrinfo(). In contrast to glibc's |
4c2413bf JE |
1493 | getaddrinfo_a(), it does not use signals. In contrast to most |
1494 | other asynchronous name resolution libraries, this one does | |
1495 | not reimplement DNS, but reuses NSS, so that alternate | |
e49b5aad | 1496 | host name resolution systems continue to work, such as mDNS, |
8b7d0494 | 1497 | LDAP, etc. This API is based on libasyncns, but it has been |
e49b5aad LP |
1498 | cleaned up for inclusion in systemd. |
1499 | ||
6300b3ec LP |
1500 | * The APIs "sd-journal.h", "sd-login.h", "sd-id128.h", |
1501 | "sd-daemon.h" are no longer found in individual libraries | |
1502 | libsystemd-journal.so, libsystemd-login.so, | |
1503 | libsystemd-id128.so, libsystemd-daemon.so. Instead, we have | |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
1504 | merged them into a single library, libsystemd.so, which |
1505 | provides all symbols. The reason for this is cyclic | |
e49b5aad | 1506 | dependencies, as these libraries tend to use each other's |
d28315e4 | 1507 | symbols. So far, we have managed to workaround that by linking |
6300b3ec LP |
1508 | a copy of a good part of our code into each of these |
1509 | libraries again and again, which, however, makes certain | |
1510 | things hard to do, like sharing static variables. Also, it | |
1511 | substantially increases footprint. With this change, there | |
1512 | is only one library for the basic APIs systemd | |
1513 | provides. Also, "sd-bus.h", "sd-memfd.h", "sd-event.h", | |
1514 | "sd-rtnl.h", "sd-resolve.h", "sd-utf8.h" are found in this | |
1515 | library as well, however are subject to the --enable-kdbus | |
1516 | switch (see below). Note that "sd-dhcp-client.h" is not part | |
1517 | of this library (this is because it only consumes, never | |
1518 | provides, services of/to other APIs). To make the transition | |
8b7d0494 | 1519 | easy from the separate libraries to the unified one, we |
4c2413bf | 1520 | provide the --enable-compat-libs compile-time switch which |
e49b5aad LP |
1521 | will generate stub libraries that are compatible with the |
1522 | old ones but redirect all calls to the new one. | |
1523 | ||
8b7d0494 | 1524 | * All of the kdbus logic and the new APIs "sd-bus.h", |
e49b5aad | 1525 | "sd-memfd.h", "sd-event.h", "sd-rtnl.h", "sd-resolve.h", |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
1526 | and "sd-utf8.h" are compile-time optional via the |
1527 | "--enable-kdbus" switch, and they are not compiled in by | |
1528 | default. To make use of kdbus, you have to explicitly enable | |
4c2413bf | 1529 | the switch. Note however, that neither the kernel nor the |
e49b5aad LP |
1530 | userspace API for all of this is considered stable yet. We |
1531 | want to maintain the freedom to still change the APIs for | |
4c2413bf | 1532 | now. By specifying this build-time switch, you acknowledge |
e49b5aad | 1533 | that you are aware of the instability of the current |
ad42cf73 KS |
1534 | APIs. |
1535 | ||
1536 | * Also, note that while kdbus is pretty much complete, | |
e49b5aad | 1537 | it lacks one thing: proper policy support. This means you |
8b7d0494 | 1538 | can build a fully working system with all features; however, |
4c2413bf JE |
1539 | it will be highly insecure. Policy support will be added in |
1540 | one of the next releases, at the same time that we will | |
1541 | declare the APIs stable. | |
e49b5aad | 1542 | |
8b7d0494 | 1543 | * When the kernel command-line argument "kdbus" is specified, |
ad42cf73 | 1544 | systemd will automatically load the kdbus.ko kernel module. At |
8b7d0494 | 1545 | this stage of development, it is only useful for testing kdbus |
ad42cf73 | 1546 | and should not be used in production. Note: if "--enable-kdbus" |
8b7d0494 | 1547 | is specified, and the kdbus.ko kernel module is available, and |
ad42cf73 KS |
1548 | "kdbus" is added to the kernel command line, the entire system |
1549 | runs with kdbus instead of dbus-daemon, with the above mentioned | |
1550 | problem of missing the system policy enforcement. Also a future | |
1551 | version of kdbus.ko or a newer systemd will not be compatible with | |
1552 | each other, and will unlikely be able to boot the machine if only | |
1553 | one of them is updated. | |
1554 | ||
e49b5aad | 1555 | * systemctl gained a new "import-environment" command which |
4c2413bf | 1556 | uploads the caller's environment (or parts thereof) into the |
e49b5aad LP |
1557 | service manager so that it is inherited by services started |
1558 | by the manager. This is useful to upload variables like | |
1559 | $DISPLAY into the user service manager. | |
1560 | ||
1561 | * A new PrivateDevices= switch has been added to service units | |
1562 | which allows running a service with a namespaced /dev | |
1563 | directory that does not contain any device nodes for | |
4c2413bf | 1564 | physical devices. More specifically, it only includes devices |
8b7d0494 | 1565 | such as /dev/null, /dev/urandom, and /dev/zero which are API |
e49b5aad LP |
1566 | entry points. |
1567 | ||
1568 | * logind has been extended to support behaviour like VT | |
1569 | switching on seats that do not support a VT. This makes | |
1570 | multi-session available on seats that are not the first seat | |
1571 | (seat0), and on systems where kernel support for VTs has | |
8b7d0494 | 1572 | been disabled at compile-time. |
e49b5aad LP |
1573 | |
1574 | * If a process holds a delay lock for system sleep or shutdown | |
1e190502 | 1575 | and fails to release it in time, we will now log its |
e49b5aad LP |
1576 | identity. This makes it easier to identify processes that |
1577 | cause slow suspends or power-offs. | |
1578 | ||
1e190502 ZJS |
1579 | * When parsing /etc/crypttab, support for a new key-slot= |
1580 | option as supported by Debian is added. It allows indicating | |
1581 | which LUKS slot to use on disk, speeding up key loading. | |
e49b5aad | 1582 | |
1e190502 ZJS |
1583 | * The sd_journald_sendv() API call has been checked and |
1584 | officially declared to be async-signal-safe so that it may | |
1585 | be invoked from signal handlers for logging purposes. | |
e49b5aad LP |
1586 | |
1587 | * Boot-time status output is now enabled automatically after a | |
1588 | short timeout if boot does not progress, in order to give | |
8e420494 | 1589 | the user an indication what she or he is waiting for. |
1e190502 ZJS |
1590 | |
1591 | * The boot-time output has been improved to show how much time | |
1592 | remains until jobs expire. | |
e49b5aad LP |
1593 | |
1594 | * The KillMode= switch in service units gained a new possible | |
8b7d0494 | 1595 | value "mixed". If set, and the unit is shut down, then the |
e49b5aad | 1596 | initial SIGTERM signal is sent only to the main daemon |
8e420494 | 1597 | process, while the following SIGKILL signal is sent to |
e49b5aad LP |
1598 | all remaining processes of the service. |
1599 | ||
4c2413bf JE |
1600 | * When a scope unit is registered, a new property "Controller" |
1601 | may be set. If set to a valid bus name, systemd will send a | |
e49b5aad LP |
1602 | RequestStop() signal to this name when it would like to shut |
1603 | down the scope. This may be used to hook manager logic into | |
1604 | the shutdown logic of scope units. Also, scope units may now | |
8b7d0494 | 1605 | be put in a special "abandoned" state, in which case the |
e49b5aad LP |
1606 | manager process which created them takes no further |
1607 | responsibilities for it. | |
1608 | ||
1e190502 | 1609 | * When reading unit files, systemd will now verify |
e49b5aad LP |
1610 | the access mode of these files, and warn about certain |
1611 | suspicious combinations. This has been added to make it | |
1612 | easier to track down packaging bugs where unit files are | |
1613 | marked executable or world-writable. | |
1614 | ||
1615 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new "--setenv=" switch to set | |
8b7d0494 | 1616 | container-wide environment variables. The similar option in |
1e190502 ZJS |
1617 | systemd-activate was renamed from "--environment=" to |
1618 | "--setenv=" for consistency. | |
e49b5aad LP |
1619 | |
1620 | * systemd-nspawn has been updated to create a new kdbus domain | |
1621 | for each container that is invoked, thus allowing each | |
b9761003 | 1622 | container to have its own set of system and user buses, |
8b7d0494 | 1623 | independent of the host. |
e49b5aad LP |
1624 | |
1625 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --drop-capability= switch to run | |
1626 | the container with less capabilities than the default. Both | |
b9761003 | 1627 | --drop-capability= and --capability= now take the special |
e49b5aad LP |
1628 | string "all" for dropping or keeping all capabilities. |
1629 | ||
1630 | * systemd-nspawn gained new switches for executing containers | |
1631 | with specific SELinux labels set. | |
1632 | ||
1633 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --quiet switch to not generate | |
1634 | any additional output but the container's own console | |
1635 | output. | |
1636 | ||
1637 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --share-system switch to run a | |
1638 | container without PID namespacing enabled. | |
1639 | ||
1640 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --register= switch to control | |
1e190502 | 1641 | whether the container is registered with systemd-machined or |
8e420494 | 1642 | not. This is useful for containers that do not run full |
e49b5aad LP |
1643 | OS images, but only specific apps. |
1644 | ||
1645 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --keep-unit which may be used | |
8b7d0494 | 1646 | when invoked as the only program from a service unit, and |
e49b5aad | 1647 | results in registration of the unit service itself in |
1e190502 | 1648 | systemd-machined, instead of a newly opened scope unit. |
e49b5aad LP |
1649 | |
1650 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --network-interface= switch for | |
1651 | moving arbitrary interfaces to the container. The new | |
4c2413bf | 1652 | --network-veth switch creates a virtual Ethernet connection |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
1653 | between host and container. The new --network-bridge= |
1654 | switch then allows assigning the host side of this virtual | |
1655 | Ethernet connection to a bridge device. | |
e49b5aad | 1656 | |
6afc95b7 LP |
1657 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --personality= switch for |
1658 | setting the kernel personality for the container. This is | |
70a44afe | 1659 | useful when running a 32-bit container on a 64-bit host. A |
b8bde116 JE |
1660 | similar option Personality= is now also available for service |
1661 | units to use. | |
6afc95b7 | 1662 | |
e49b5aad LP |
1663 | * logind will now also track a "Desktop" identifier for each |
1664 | session which encodes the desktop environment of it. This is | |
1665 | useful for desktop environments that want to identify | |
1666 | multiple running sessions of itself easily. | |
1667 | ||
1668 | * A new SELinuxContext= setting for service units has been | |
1669 | added that allows setting a specific SELinux execution | |
1670 | context for a service. | |
1671 | ||
1672 | * Most systemd client tools will now honour $SYSTEMD_LESS for | |
1673 | settings of the "less" pager. By default, these tools will | |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
1674 | override $LESS to allow certain operations to work, such as |
1675 | jump-to-the-end. With $SYSTEMD_LESS, it is possible to | |
e49b5aad LP |
1676 | influence this logic. |
1677 | ||
1678 | * systemd's "seccomp" hook-up has been changed to make use of | |
1679 | the libseccomp library instead of using its own | |
1680 | implementation. This has benefits for portability among | |
1681 | other things. | |
1682 | ||
4c2413bf | 1683 | * For usage together with SystemCallFilter=, a new |
8b7d0494 | 1684 | SystemCallErrorNumber= setting has been introduced that |
b8bde116 JE |
1685 | allows configuration of a system error number to be returned |
1686 | on filtered system calls, instead of immediately killing the | |
e49b5aad LP |
1687 | process. Also, SystemCallArchitectures= has been added to |
1688 | limit access to system calls of a particular architecture | |
1689 | (in order to turn off support for unused secondary | |
4c2413bf | 1690 | architectures). There is also a global |
8b7d0494 | 1691 | SystemCallArchitectures= setting in system.conf now to turn |
e49b5aad LP |
1692 | off support for non-native system calls system-wide. |
1693 | ||
210054d7 KS |
1694 | * systemd requires a kernel with a working name_to_handle_at(), |
1695 | please see the kernel config requirements in the README file. | |
1696 | ||
e49b5aad LP |
1697 | Contributions from: Adam Williamson, Alex Jia, Anatol Pomozov, |
1698 | Ansgar Burchardt, AppleBloom, Auke Kok, Bastien Nocera, | |
1699 | Chengwei Yang, Christian Seiler, Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters, | |
1700 | Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Daniele Medri, Daniel J | |
1701 | Walsh, Daniel Mack, Dan McGee, Dave Reisner, David Coppa, | |
1702 | David Herrmann, David Strauss, Djalal Harouni, Dmitry Pisklov, | |
1703 | Elia Pinto, Florian Weimer, George McCollister, Goffredo | |
1704 | Baroncelli, Greg Kroah-Hartman, Hendrik Brueckner, Igor | |
1705 | Zhbanov, Jan Engelhardt, Jan Janssen, Jason A. Donenfeld, | |
1706 | Jason St. John, Jasper St. Pierre, Jóhann B. Guðmundsson, Jose | |
1707 | Ignacio Naranjo, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, Kristian Høgsberg, | |
1708 | Lennart Poettering, Lubomir Rintel, Lukas Nykryn, Lukasz | |
1709 | Skalski, Łukasz Stelmach, Luke Shumaker, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
1710 | Marc-Antoine Perennou, Marcel Holtmann, Marcos Felipe Rasia de | |
1711 | Mello, Marko Myllynen, Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Michael | |
1712 | Marineau, Michael Scherer, Michał Górny, Michal Sekletar, | |
1713 | Michele Curti, Oleksii Shevchuk, Olivier Brunel, Patrik Flykt, | |
1714 | Pavel Holica, Raudi, Richard Marko, Ronny Chevalier, Sébastien | |
1715 | Luttringer, Sergey Ptashnick, Shawn Landden, Simon Peeters, | |
1716 | Stefan Beller, Susant Sahani, Sylvain Plantefeve, Sylvia Else, | |
1717 | Tero Roponen, Thomas Bächler, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, | |
1718 | Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Unai Uribarri, Václav | |
1719 | Pavlín, Vincent Batts, WaLyong Cho, William Giokas, Yang | |
1720 | Zhiyong, Yin Kangkai, Yuxuan Shui, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
1721 | ||
6300b3ec | 1722 | -- Berlin, 2014-02-20 |
e49b5aad | 1723 | |
cd4010b3 LP |
1724 | CHANGES WITH 208: |
1725 | ||
1726 | * logind has gained support for facilitating privileged input | |
1727 | and drm device access for unprivileged clients. This work is | |
1728 | useful to allow Wayland display servers (and similar | |
1729 | programs, such as kmscon) to run under the user's ID and | |
1730 | access input and drm devices which are normally | |
1731 | protected. When this is used (and the kernel is new enough) | |
1732 | logind will "mute" IO on the file descriptors passed to | |
1733 | Wayland as long as it is in the background and "unmute" it | |
1734 | if it returns into the foreground. This allows secure | |
1735 | session switching without allowing background sessions to | |
1736 | eavesdrop on input and display data. This also introduces | |
1737 | session switching support if VT support is turned off in the | |
1738 | kernel, and on seats that are not seat0. | |
1739 | ||
1740 | * A new kernel command line option luks.options= is understood | |
06b643e7 | 1741 | now which allows specifying LUKS options for usage for LUKS |
cd4010b3 LP |
1742 | encrypted partitions specified with luks.uuid=. |
1743 | ||
1744 | * tmpfiles.d(5) snippets may now use specifier expansion in | |
1745 | path names. More specifically %m, %b, %H, %v, are now | |
1746 | replaced by the local machine id, boot id, hostname, and | |
1747 | kernel version number. | |
1748 | ||
1749 | * A new tmpfiles.d(5) command "m" has been introduced which | |
1750 | may be used to change the owner/group/access mode of a file | |
d28315e4 | 1751 | or directory if it exists, but do nothing if it does not. |
cd4010b3 LP |
1752 | |
1753 | * This release removes high-level support for the | |
1754 | MemorySoftLimit= cgroup setting. The underlying kernel | |
1755 | cgroup attribute memory.soft_limit= is currently badly | |
1756 | designed and likely to be removed from the kernel API in its | |
d28315e4 | 1757 | current form, hence we should not expose it for now. |
cd4010b3 LP |
1758 | |
1759 | * The memory.use_hierarchy cgroup attribute is now enabled for | |
1760 | all cgroups systemd creates in the memory cgroup | |
1761 | hierarchy. This option is likely to be come the built-in | |
1762 | default in the kernel anyway, and the non-hierarchial mode | |
1763 | never made much sense in the intrinsically hierarchial | |
1764 | cgroup system. | |
1765 | ||
1766 | * A new field _SYSTEMD_SLICE= is logged along with all journal | |
1767 | messages containing the slice a message was generated | |
1768 | from. This is useful to allow easy per-customer filtering of | |
1769 | logs among other things. | |
1770 | ||
1771 | * systemd-journald will no longer adjust the group of journal | |
1772 | files it creates to the "systemd-journal" group. Instead we | |
1773 | rely on the journal directory to be owned by the | |
1774 | "systemd-journal" group, and its setgid bit set, so that the | |
1775 | kernel file system layer will automatically enforce that | |
1776 | journal files inherit this group assignment. The reason for | |
1777 | this change is that we cannot allow NSS look-ups from | |
1778 | journald which would be necessary to resolve | |
1779 | "systemd-journal" to a numeric GID, because this might | |
1780 | create deadlocks if NSS involves synchronous queries to | |
1781 | other daemons (such as nscd, or sssd) which in turn are | |
1782 | logging clients of journald and might block on it, which | |
1783 | would then dead lock. A tmpfiles.d(5) snippet included in | |
1784 | systemd will make sure the setgid bit and group are | |
1785 | properly set on the journal directory if it exists on every | |
1786 | boot. However, we recommend adjusting it manually after | |
1787 | upgrades too (or from RPM scriptlets), so that the change is | |
1788 | not delayed until next reboot. | |
1789 | ||
1790 | * Backlight and random seed files in /var/lib/ have moved into | |
1791 | the /var/lib/systemd/ directory, in order to centralize all | |
1792 | systemd generated files in one directory. | |
1793 | ||
1794 | * Boot time performance measurements (as displayed by | |
1795 | "systemd-analyze" for example) will now read ACPI 5.0 FPDT | |
1796 | performance information if that's available to determine how | |
1797 | much time BIOS and boot loader initialization required. With | |
1798 | a sufficiently new BIOS you hence no longer need to boot | |
1799 | with Gummiboot to get access to such information. | |
1800 | ||
1801 | Contributions from: Andrey Borzenkov, Chen Jie, Colin Walters, | |
1802 | Cristian Rodríguez, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, David | |
1803 | Mackey, David Strauss, Eelco Dolstra, Evan Callicoat, Gao | |
1804 | feng, Harald Hoyer, Jimmie Tauriainen, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
1805 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Martin Pitt, | |
1806 | Michael Scherer, Michał Górny, Mike Gilbert, Patrick McCarty, | |
1807 | Sebastian Ott, Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
1808 | ||
1809 | -- Berlin, 2013-10-02 | |
1810 | ||
4f0be680 LP |
1811 | CHANGES WITH 207: |
1812 | ||
1813 | * The Restart= option for services now understands a new | |
f3a165b0 | 1814 | on-watchdog setting, which will restart the service |
4f0be680 LP |
1815 | automatically if the service stops sending out watchdog keep |
1816 | alive messages (as configured with WatchdogSec=). | |
1817 | ||
1818 | * The getty generator (which is responsible for bringing up a | |
1819 | getty on configured serial consoles) will no longer only | |
1820 | start a getty on the primary kernel console but on all | |
1821 | others, too. This makes the order in which console= is | |
1822 | specified on the kernel command line less important. | |
1823 | ||
1824 | * libsystemd-logind gained a new sd_session_get_vt() call to | |
1825 | retrieve the VT number of a session. | |
1826 | ||
1827 | * If the option "tries=0" is set for an entry of /etc/crypttab | |
1828 | its passphrase is queried indefinitely instead of any | |
1829 | maximum number of tries. | |
1830 | ||
1831 | * If a service with a configure PID file terminates its PID | |
1832 | file will now be removed automatically if it still exists | |
1833 | afterwards. This should put an end to stale PID files. | |
1834 | ||
1835 | * systemd-run will now also take relative binary path names | |
1836 | for execution and no longer insists on absolute paths. | |
1837 | ||
1838 | * InaccessibleDirectories= and ReadOnlyDirectories= now take | |
1839 | paths that are optionally prefixed with "-" to indicate that | |
d28315e4 | 1840 | it should not be considered a failure if they do not exist. |
4f0be680 | 1841 | |
f3a165b0 KS |
1842 | * journalctl -o (and similar commands) now understands a new |
1843 | output mode "short-precise", it is similar to "short" but | |
4f0be680 LP |
1844 | shows timestamps with usec accuracy. |
1845 | ||
1846 | * The option "discard" (as known from Debian) is now | |
1847 | synonymous to "allow-discards" in /etc/crypttab. In fact, | |
387abf80 | 1848 | "discard" is preferred now (since it is easier to remember |
4f0be680 LP |
1849 | and type). |
1850 | ||
f3a165b0 | 1851 | * Some licensing clean-ups were made, so that more code is now |
4f0be680 LP |
1852 | LGPL-2.1 licensed than before. |
1853 | ||
1854 | * A minimal tool to save/restore the display backlight | |
1855 | brightness across reboots has been added. It will store the | |
f3a165b0 | 1856 | backlight setting as late as possible at shutdown, and |
4f0be680 LP |
1857 | restore it as early as possible during reboot. |
1858 | ||
1859 | * A logic to automatically discover and enable home and swap | |
1860 | partitions on GPT disks has been added. With this in place | |
1861 | /etc/fstab becomes optional for many setups as systemd can | |
1862 | discover certain partitions located on the root disk | |
1863 | automatically. Home partitions are recognized under their | |
1864 | GPT type ID 933ac7e12eb44f13b8440e14e2aef915. Swap | |
1865 | partitions are recognized under their GPT type ID | |
1866 | 0657fd6da4ab43c484e50933c84b4f4f. | |
1867 | ||
1868 | * systemd will no longer pass any environment from the kernel | |
1869 | or initrd to system services. If you want to set an | |
1870 | environment for all services, do so via the kernel command | |
1871 | line systemd.setenv= assignment. | |
1872 | ||
387abf80 LP |
1873 | * The systemd-sysctl tool no longer natively reads the file |
1874 | /etc/sysctl.conf. If desired, the file should be symlinked | |
1875 | from /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf. Apart from providing | |
1876 | legacy support by a symlink rather than built-in code, it | |
1877 | also makes the otherwise hidden order of application of the | |
1878 | different files visible. (Note that this partly reverts to a | |
1879 | pre-198 application order of sysctl knobs!) | |
04bf3c1a | 1880 | |
4f0be680 LP |
1881 | * The "systemctl set-log-level" and "systemctl dump" commands |
1882 | have been moved to systemd-analyze. | |
1883 | ||
1884 | * systemd-run learned the new --remain-after-exit switch, | |
1885 | which causes the scope unit not to be cleaned up | |
1886 | automatically after the process terminated. | |
1887 | ||
1888 | * tmpfiles learned a new --exclude-prefix= switch to exclude | |
1889 | certain paths from operation. | |
1890 | ||
1891 | * journald will now automatically flush all messages to disk | |
1892 | as soon as a message of the log priorities CRIT, ALERT or | |
1893 | EMERG is received. | |
1894 | ||
1895 | Contributions from: Andrew Cook, Brandon Philips, Christian | |
1896 | Hesse, Christoph Junghans, Colin Walters, Daniel Schaal, | |
1897 | Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Gao feng, George | |
1898 | McCollister, Giovanni Campagna, Hannes Reinecke, Harald Hoyer, | |
1899 | Herczeg Zsolt, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Jan Engelhardt, | |
1900 | Jesper Larsen, Kay Sievers, Khem Raj, Lennart Poettering, | |
1901 | Lukas Nykryn, Maciej Wereski, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel | |
1902 | Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Marineau, | |
1903 | Michael Scherer, Michael Stapelberg, Michal Sekletar, Michał | |
1904 | Górny, Olivier Brunel, Ondrej Balaz, Ronny Chevalier, Shawn | |
1905 | Landden, Steven Hiscocks, Thomas Bächler, Thomas Hindoe | |
1906 | Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, WANG Chao, | |
1907 | William Giokas, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
1908 | ||
1909 | -- Berlin, 2013-09-13 | |
1910 | ||
408f281b LP |
1911 | CHANGES WITH 206: |
1912 | ||
1913 | * The documentation has been updated to cover the various new | |
1914 | concepts introduced with 205. | |
1915 | ||
1916 | * Unit files now understand the new %v specifier which | |
1917 | resolves to the kernel version string as returned by "uname | |
1918 | -r". | |
1919 | ||
1920 | * systemctl now supports filtering the unit list output by | |
1921 | load state, active state and sub state, using the new | |
33b521be | 1922 | --state= parameter. |
408f281b LP |
1923 | |
1924 | * "systemctl status" will now show the results of the | |
1925 | condition checks (like ConditionPathExists= and similar) of | |
1926 | the last start attempts of the unit. They are also logged to | |
1927 | the journal. | |
1928 | ||
1929 | * "journalctl -b" may now be used to look for boot output of a | |
1930 | specific boot. Try "journalctl -b -1" for the previous boot, | |
1931 | but the syntax is substantially more powerful. | |
1932 | ||
1933 | * "journalctl --show-cursor" has been added which prints the | |
1934 | cursor string the last shown log line. This may then be used | |
1935 | with the new "journalctl --after-cursor=" switch to continue | |
1936 | browsing logs from that point on. | |
1937 | ||
1938 | * "journalctl --force" may now be used to force regeneration | |
1939 | of an FSS key. | |
1940 | ||
251cc819 LP |
1941 | * Creation of "dead" device nodes has been moved from udev |
1942 | into kmod and tmpfiles. Previously, udev would read the kmod | |
1943 | databases to pre-generate dead device nodes based on meta | |
1944 | information contained in kernel modules, so that these would | |
1945 | be auto-loaded on access rather then at boot. As this | |
d28315e4 | 1946 | does not really have much to do with the exposing actual |
251cc819 LP |
1947 | kernel devices to userspace this has always been slightly |
1948 | alien in the udev codebase. Following the new scheme kmod | |
1949 | will now generate a runtime snippet for tmpfiles from the | |
1950 | module meta information and it now is tmpfiles' job to the | |
1951 | create the nodes. This also allows overriding access and | |
1952 | other parameters for the nodes using the usual tmpfiles | |
1953 | facilities. As side effect this allows us to remove the | |
1954 | CAP_SYS_MKNOD capability bit from udevd entirely. | |
1955 | ||
1956 | * logind's device ACLs may now be applied to these "dead" | |
1957 | devices nodes too, thus finally allowing managed access to | |
1958 | devices such as /dev/snd/sequencer whithout loading the | |
1959 | backing module right-away. | |
408f281b LP |
1960 | |
1961 | * A new RPM macro has been added that may be used to apply | |
1962 | tmpfiles configuration during package installation. | |
1963 | ||
1964 | * systemd-detect-virt and ConditionVirtualization= now can | |
1965 | detect User-Mode-Linux machines (UML). | |
1966 | ||
251cc819 LP |
1967 | * journald will now implicitly log the effective capabilities |
1968 | set of processes in the message metadata. | |
408f281b LP |
1969 | |
1970 | * systemd-cryptsetup has gained support for TrueCrypt volumes. | |
1971 | ||
1972 | * The initrd interface has been simplified (more specifically, | |
1973 | support for passing performance data via environment | |
1974 | variables and fsck results via files in /run has been | |
1975 | removed). These features were non-essential, and are | |
1976 | nowadays available in a much nicer way by having systemd in | |
1977 | the initrd serialize its state and have the hosts systemd | |
1978 | deserialize it again. | |
1979 | ||
28f5c779 KS |
1980 | * The udev "keymap" data files and tools to apply keyboard |
1981 | specific mappings of scan to key codes, and force-release | |
1982 | scan code lists have been entirely replaced by a udev | |
1983 | "keyboard" builtin and a hwdb data file. | |
408f281b | 1984 | |
251cc819 LP |
1985 | * systemd will now honour the kernel's "quiet" command line |
1986 | argument also during late shutdown, resulting in a | |
1987 | completely silent shutdown when used. | |
1988 | ||
1989 | * There's now an option to control the SO_REUSEPORT socket | |
1990 | option in .socket units. | |
1991 | ||
1992 | * Instance units will now automatically get a per-template | |
1993 | subslice of system.slice unless something else is explicitly | |
1994 | configured. For example, instances of sshd@.service will now | |
1995 | implicitly be placed in system-sshd.slice rather than | |
1996 | system.slice as before. | |
1997 | ||
1998 | * Test coverage support may now be enabled at build time. | |
1999 | ||
2000 | Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Frederic Crozat, Harald | |
2001 | Hoyer, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Jan Engelhardt, Jan | |
2002 | Janssen, Jason St. John, Jesper Larsen, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
2003 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Maciej Wereski, Martin Pitt, Michael | |
2004 | Olbrich, Ramkumar Ramachandra, Ross Lagerwall, Shawn Landden, | |
2005 | Thomas H.P. Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Tomasz Torcz, William | |
2006 | Giokas, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
2007 | ||
4f0be680 LP |
2008 | -- Berlin, 2013-07-23 |
2009 | ||
00aa832b LP |
2010 | CHANGES WITH 205: |
2011 | ||
2012 | * Two new unit types have been introduced: | |
2013 | ||
2014 | Scope units are very similar to service units, however, are | |
2015 | created out of pre-existing processes -- instead of PID 1 | |
2016 | forking off the processes. By using scope units it is | |
2017 | possible for system services and applications to group their | |
2018 | own child processes (worker processes) in a powerful way | |
2019 | which then maybe used to organize them, or kill them | |
2020 | together, or apply resource limits on them. | |
2021 | ||
2022 | Slice units may be used to partition system resources in an | |
2023 | hierarchial fashion and then assign other units to them. By | |
2024 | default there are now three slices: system.slice (for all | |
2025 | system services), user.slice (for all user sessions), | |
2026 | machine.slice (for VMs and containers). | |
2027 | ||
2028 | Slices and scopes have been introduced primarily in | |
2029 | context of the work to move cgroup handling to a | |
2030 | single-writer scheme, where only PID 1 | |
2031 | creates/removes/manages cgroups. | |
2032 | ||
2033 | * There's a new concept of "transient" units. In contrast to | |
2034 | normal units these units are created via an API at runtime, | |
2035 | not from configuration from disk. More specifically this | |
2036 | means it is now possible to run arbitrary programs as | |
2037 | independent services, with all execution parameters passed | |
2038 | in via bus APIs rather than read from disk. Transient units | |
2039 | make systemd substantially more dynamic then it ever was, | |
2040 | and useful as a general batch manager. | |
2041 | ||
2042 | * logind has been updated to make use of scope and slice units | |
2043 | for managing user sessions. As a user logs in he will get | |
2044 | his own private slice unit, to which all sessions are added | |
2045 | as scope units. We also added support for automatically | |
2046 | adding an instance of user@.service for the user into the | |
2047 | slice. Effectively logind will no longer create cgroup | |
2048 | hierarchies on its own now, it will defer entirely to PID 1 | |
2049 | for this by means of scope, service and slice units. Since | |
2050 | user sessions this way become entities managed by PID 1 | |
2051 | the output of "systemctl" is now a lot more comprehensive. | |
2052 | ||
2053 | * A new mini-daemon "systemd-machined" has been added which | |
2054 | may be used by virtualization managers to register local | |
2055 | VMs/containers. nspawn has been updated accordingly, and | |
2056 | libvirt will be updated shortly. machined will collect a bit | |
2057 | of meta information about the VMs/containers, and assign | |
2058 | them their own scope unit (see above). The collected | |
2059 | meta-data is then made available via the "machinectl" tool, | |
2060 | and exposed in "ps" and similar tools. machined/machinectl | |
2061 | is compile-time optional. | |
2062 | ||
2063 | * As discussed earlier, the low-level cgroup configuration | |
2064 | options ControlGroup=, ControlGroupModify=, | |
2065 | ControlGroupPersistent=, ControlGroupAttribute= have been | |
2066 | removed. Please use high-level attribute settings instead as | |
2067 | well as slice units. | |
2068 | ||
2069 | * A new bus call SetUnitProperties() has been added to alter | |
2070 | various runtime parameters of a unit. This is primarily | |
2071 | useful to alter cgroup parameters dynamically in a nice way, | |
2072 | but will be extended later on to make more properties | |
2073 | modifiable at runtime. systemctl gained a new set-properties | |
2074 | command that wraps this call. | |
2075 | ||
2076 | * A new tool "systemd-run" has been added which can be used to | |
2077 | run arbitrary command lines as transient services or scopes, | |
2078 | while configuring a number of settings via the command | |
2079 | line. This tool is currently very basic, however already | |
2080 | very useful. We plan to extend this tool to even allow | |
2081 | queuing of execution jobs with time triggers from the | |
2082 | command line, similar in fashion to "at". | |
2083 | ||
2084 | * nspawn will now inform the user explicitly that kernels with | |
2085 | audit enabled break containers, and suggest the user to turn | |
2086 | off audit. | |
2087 | ||
2088 | * Support for detecting the IMA and AppArmor security | |
2089 | frameworks with ConditionSecurity= has been added. | |
2090 | ||
2091 | * journalctl gained a new "-k" switch for showing only kernel | |
1fda0ab5 ZJS |
2092 | messages, mimicking dmesg output; in addition to "--user" |
2093 | and "--system" switches for showing only user's own logs | |
2094 | and system logs. | |
00aa832b LP |
2095 | |
2096 | * systemd-delta can now show information about drop-in | |
2097 | snippets extending unit files. | |
2098 | ||
2099 | * libsystemd-bus has been substantially updated but is still | |
2100 | not available as public API. | |
2101 | ||
2102 | * systemd will now look for the "debug" argument on the kernel | |
499b604b | 2103 | command line and enable debug logging, similar to what |
00aa832b LP |
2104 | "systemd.log_level=debug" already did before. |
2105 | ||
2106 | * "systemctl set-default", "systemctl get-default" has been | |
2107 | added to configure the default.target symlink, which | |
2108 | controls what to boot into by default. | |
2109 | ||
1fda0ab5 ZJS |
2110 | * "systemctl set-log-level" has been added as a convenient |
2111 | way to raise and lower systemd logging threshold. | |
2112 | ||
00aa832b LP |
2113 | * "systemd-analyze plot" will now show the time the various |
2114 | generators needed for execution, as well as information | |
2115 | about the unit file loading. | |
2116 | ||
00aa832b LP |
2117 | * libsystemd-journal gained a new sd_journal_open_files() call |
2118 | for opening specific journal files. journactl also gained a | |
2119 | new switch to expose this new functionality. Previously we | |
2120 | only supported opening all files from a directory, or all | |
2121 | files from the system, as opening individual files only is | |
2122 | racy due to journal file rotation. | |
2123 | ||
2124 | * systemd gained the new DefaultEnvironment= setting in | |
2125 | /etc/systemd/system.conf to set environment variables for | |
2126 | all services. | |
2127 | ||
2128 | * If a privileged process logs a journal message with the | |
2129 | OBJECT_PID= field set, then journald will automatically | |
2130 | augment this with additional OBJECT_UID=, OBJECT_GID=, | |
2131 | OBJECT_COMM=, OBJECT_EXE=, ... fields. This is useful if | |
2132 | system services want to log events about specific client | |
2133 | processes. journactl/systemctl has been updated to make use | |
2134 | of this information if all log messages regarding a specific | |
2135 | unit is requested. | |
2136 | ||
2137 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Chengwei Yang, Colin Walters, | |
2138 | Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Albers, Daniel Wallace, Dave | |
2139 | Reisner, David Coppa, David King, David Strauss, Eelco | |
2140 | Dolstra, Gabriel de Perthuis, Harald Hoyer, Jan Alexander | |
2141 | Steffens, Jan Engelhardt, Jan Janssen, Jason St. John, Johan | |
2142 | Heikkilä, Karel Zak, Karol Lewandowski, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
2143 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marius Vollmer, | |
2144 | Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, Michael Tremer, | |
2145 | Michal Schmidt, Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Nirbheek Chauhan, | |
2146 | Pierre Neidhardt, Ross Burton, Ross Lagerwall, Sean McGovern, | |
2147 | Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, | |
2148 | Václav Pavlín, Zachary Cook, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, | |
2149 | Łukasz Stelmach, 장동준 | |
2150 | ||
606c24e3 LP |
2151 | CHANGES WITH 204: |
2152 | ||
2153 | * The Python bindings gained some minimal support for the APIs | |
2154 | exposed by libsystemd-logind. | |
2155 | ||
2156 | * ConditionSecurity= gained support for detecting SMACK. Since | |
2157 | this condition already supports SELinux and AppArmor we only | |
2158 | miss IMA for this. Patches welcome! | |
2159 | ||
2160 | Contributions from: Karol Lewandowski, Lennart Poettering, | |
2161 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
2162 | ||
2f3fcf85 LP |
2163 | CHANGES WITH 203: |
2164 | ||
2165 | * systemd-nspawn will now create /etc/resolv.conf if | |
2166 | necessary, before bind-mounting the host's file onto it. | |
2167 | ||
2168 | * systemd-nspawn will now store meta information about a | |
2169 | container on the container's cgroup as extended attribute | |
2170 | fields, including the root directory. | |
2171 | ||
2172 | * The cgroup hierarchy has been reworked in many ways. All | |
2173 | objects any of the components systemd creates in the cgroup | |
b82eed9a | 2174 | tree are now suffixed. More specifically, user sessions are |
2f3fcf85 LP |
2175 | now placed in cgroups suffixed with ".session", users in |
2176 | cgroups suffixed with ".user", and nspawn containers in | |
2177 | cgroups suffixed with ".nspawn". Furthermore, all cgroup | |
2178 | names are now escaped in a simple scheme to avoid collision | |
2179 | of userspace object names with kernel filenames. This work | |
2180 | is preparation for making these objects relocatable in the | |
2181 | cgroup tree, in order to allow easy resource partitioning of | |
2182 | these objects without causing naming conflicts. | |
2183 | ||
2184 | * systemctl list-dependencies gained the new switches | |
2185 | --plain, --reverse, --after and --before. | |
2186 | ||
2187 | * systemd-inhibit now shows the process name of processes that | |
2188 | have taken an inhibitor lock. | |
2189 | ||
2190 | * nss-myhostname will now also resolve "localhost" | |
2191 | implicitly. This makes /etc/hosts an optional file and | |
2192 | nicely handles that on IPv6 ::1 maps to both "localhost" and | |
2193 | the local hostname. | |
2194 | ||
2195 | * libsystemd-logind.so gained a new call | |
2196 | sd_get_machine_names() to enumerate running containers and | |
2197 | VMs (currently only supported by very new libvirt and | |
2198 | nspawn). sd_login_monitor can now be used to watch | |
2199 | VMs/containers coming and going. | |
2200 | ||
2201 | * .include is not allowed recursively anymore, and only in | |
2202 | unit files. Usually it is better to use drop-in snippets in | |
2203 | .d/*.conf anyway, as introduced with systemd 198. | |
2204 | ||
2205 | * systemd-analyze gained a new "critical-chain" command that | |
2206 | determines the slowest chain of units run during system | |
2207 | boot-up. It is very useful for tracking down where | |
2208 | optimizing boot time is the most beneficial. | |
2209 | ||
2210 | * systemd will no longer allow manipulating service paths in | |
2211 | the name=systemd:/system cgroup tree using ControlGroup= in | |
2212 | units. (But is still fine with it in all other dirs.) | |
2213 | ||
2214 | * There's a new systemd-nspawn@.service service file that may | |
2215 | be used to easily run nspawn containers as system | |
2216 | services. With the container's root directory in | |
2217 | /var/lib/container/foobar it is now sufficient to run | |
2218 | "systemctl start systemd-nspawn@foobar.service" to boot it. | |
2219 | ||
2220 | * systemd-cgls gained a new parameter "--machine" to list only | |
2221 | the processes within a certain container. | |
2222 | ||
2223 | * ConditionSecurity= now can check for "apparmor". We still | |
2224 | are lacking checks for SMACK and IMA for this condition | |
2225 | check though. Patches welcome! | |
2226 | ||
2227 | * A new configuration file /etc/systemd/sleep.conf has been | |
2228 | added that may be used to configure which kernel operation | |
2229 | systemd is supposed to execute when "suspend", "hibernate" | |
2230 | or "hybrid-sleep" is requested. This makes the new kernel | |
2231 | "freeze" state accessible to the user. | |
2232 | ||
2233 | * ENV{SYSTEMD_WANTS} in udev rules will now implicitly escape | |
2234 | the passed argument if applicable. | |
2235 | ||
2236 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters, | |
2237 | Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, | |
2238 | Evangelos Foutras, Greg Kroah-Hartman, Harald Hoyer, Josh | |
2239 | Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, | |
2240 | MUNEDA Takahiro, Mantas Mikulėnas, Mirco Tischler, Nathaniel | |
2241 | Chen, Nirbheek Chauhan, Ronny Chevalier, Ross Lagerwall, Tom | |
2242 | Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, Ville Skyttä, Zbigniew | |
2243 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
2244 | ||
ef3b5246 LP |
2245 | CHANGES WITH 202: |
2246 | ||
2247 | * The output of 'systemctl list-jobs' got some polishing. The | |
2248 | '--type=' argument may now be passed more than once. A new | |
2249 | command 'systemctl list-sockets' has been added which shows | |
2250 | a list of kernel sockets systemd is listening on with the | |
2251 | socket units they belong to, plus the units these socket | |
2252 | units activate. | |
2253 | ||
2254 | * The experimental libsystemd-bus library got substantial | |
2255 | updates to work in conjunction with the (also experimental) | |
2256 | kdbus kernel project. It works well enough to exchange | |
2257 | messages with some sophistication. Note that kdbus is not | |
2258 | ready yet, and the library is mostly an elaborate test case | |
2259 | for now, and not installable. | |
2260 | ||
2261 | * systemd gained a new unit 'systemd-static-nodes.service' | |
2262 | that generates static device nodes earlier during boot, and | |
2263 | can run in conjunction with udev. | |
2264 | ||
2265 | * libsystemd-login gained a new call sd_pid_get_user_unit() | |
2266 | to retrieve the user systemd unit a process is running | |
2267 | in. This is useful for systems where systemd is used as | |
2268 | session manager. | |
2269 | ||
2270 | * systemd-nspawn now places all containers in the new /machine | |
2271 | top-level cgroup directory in the name=systemd | |
2272 | hierarchy. libvirt will soon do the same, so that we get a | |
2273 | uniform separation of /system, /user and /machine for system | |
2274 | services, user processes and containers/virtual | |
2275 | machines. This new cgroup hierarchy is also useful to stick | |
2276 | stable names to specific container instances, which can be | |
7c04ad2d | 2277 | recognized later this way (this name may be controlled |
ef3b5246 LP |
2278 | via systemd-nspawn's new -M switch). libsystemd-login also |
2279 | gained a new call sd_pid_get_machine_name() to retrieve the | |
2280 | name of the container/VM a specific process belongs to. | |
2281 | ||
2282 | * bootchart can now store its data in the journal. | |
2283 | ||
2284 | * libsystemd-journal gained a new call | |
2285 | sd_journal_add_conjunction() for AND expressions to the | |
2286 | matching logic. This can be used to express more complex | |
2287 | logical expressions. | |
2288 | ||
2289 | * journactl can now take multiple --unit= and --user-unit= | |
2290 | switches. | |
2291 | ||
2292 | * The cryptsetup logic now understands the "luks.key=" kernel | |
2293 | command line switch for specifying a file to read the | |
7c04ad2d | 2294 | decryption key from. Also, if a configured key file is not |
ef3b5246 LP |
2295 | found the tool will now automatically fall back to prompting |
2296 | the user. | |
2297 | ||
cbeabcfb ZJS |
2298 | * Python systemd.journal module was updated to wrap recently |
2299 | added functions from libsystemd-journal. The interface was | |
2300 | changed to bring the low level interface in s.j._Reader | |
2301 | closer to the C API, and the high level interface in | |
2302 | s.j.Reader was updated to wrap and convert all data about | |
2303 | an entry. | |
2304 | ||
ef3b5246 LP |
2305 | Contributions from: Anatol Pomozov, Auke Kok, Harald Hoyer, |
2306 | Henrik Grindal Bakken, Josh Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
2307 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas Marius Vollmer, | |
2308 | Martin Jansa, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michal Schmidt, | |
2309 | Mirco Tischler, Pali Rohar, Simon Peeters, Steven Hiscocks, | |
2310 | Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
2311 | ||
d3a86981 LP |
2312 | CHANGES WITH 201: |
2313 | ||
2314 | * journalctl --update-catalog now understands a new --root= | |
2315 | option to operate on catalogs found in a different root | |
2316 | directory. | |
2317 | ||
2318 | * During shutdown after systemd has terminated all running | |
2319 | services a final killing loop kills all remaining left-over | |
2320 | processes. We will now print the name of these processes | |
2321 | when we send SIGKILL to them, since this usually indicates a | |
2322 | problem. | |
2323 | ||
2324 | * If /etc/crypttab refers to password files stored on | |
2325 | configured mount points automatic dependencies will now be | |
2326 | generated to ensure the specific mount is established first | |
2327 | before the key file is attempted to be read. | |
2328 | ||
2329 | * 'systemctl status' will now show information about the | |
2330 | network sockets a socket unit is listening on. | |
2331 | ||
2332 | * 'systemctl status' will also shown information about any | |
2333 | drop-in configuration file for units. (Drop-In configuration | |
2334 | files in this context are files such as | |
2335 | /etc/systemd/systemd/foobar.service.d/*.conf) | |
2336 | ||
2337 | * systemd-cgtop now optionally shows summed up CPU times of | |
2338 | cgroups. Press '%' while running cgtop to switch between | |
2339 | percentage and absolute mode. This is useful to determine | |
2340 | which cgroups use up the most CPU time over the entire | |
2341 | runtime of the system. systemd-cgtop has also been updated | |
2342 | to be 'pipeable' for processing with further shell tools. | |
2343 | ||
2344 | * 'hostnamectl set-hostname' will now allow setting of FQDN | |
2345 | hostnames. | |
2346 | ||
2347 | * The formatting and parsing of time span values has been | |
2348 | changed. The parser now understands fractional expressions | |
2349 | such as "5.5h". The formatter will now output fractional | |
2350 | expressions for all time spans under 1min, i.e. "5.123456s" | |
2351 | rather than "5s 123ms 456us". For time spans under 1s | |
2352 | millisecond values are shown, for those under 1ms | |
2353 | microsecond values are shown. This should greatly improve | |
2354 | all time-related output of systemd. | |
2355 | ||
2356 | * libsystemd-login and libsystemd-journal gained new | |
2357 | functions for querying the poll() events mask and poll() | |
2358 | timeout value for integration into arbitrary event | |
2359 | loops. | |
2360 | ||
2361 | * localectl gained the ability to list available X11 keymaps | |
2362 | (models, layouts, variants, options). | |
2363 | ||
2364 | * 'systemd-analyze dot' gained the ability to filter for | |
2365 | specific units via shell-style globs, to create smaller, | |
d28315e4 | 2366 | more useful graphs. I.e. it is now possible to create simple |
d3a86981 LP |
2367 | graphs of all the dependencies between only target units, or |
2368 | of all units that Avahi has dependencies with. | |
2369 | ||
2370 | Contributions from: Cristian Rodríguez, Dr. Tilmann Bubeck, | |
2371 | Harald Hoyer, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Kay Sievers, Kelly | |
2372 | Anderson, Koen Kooi, Lennart Poettering, Maksim Melnikau, | |
2373 | Marc-Antoine Perennou, Marius Vollmer, Martin Pitt, Michal | |
2374 | Schmidt, Oleksii Shevchuk, Ronny Chevalier, Simon McVittie, | |
2375 | Steven Hiscocks, Thomas Weißschuh, Umut Tezduyar, Václav | |
2376 | Pavlín, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Łukasz Stelmach | |
2377 | ||
9ca3c17f LP |
2378 | CHANGES WITH 200: |
2379 | ||
2380 | * The boot-time readahead implementation for rotating media | |
2381 | will now read the read-ahead data in multiple passes which | |
2382 | consist of all read requests made in equidistant time | |
2383 | intervals. This means instead of strictly reading read-ahead | |
2384 | data in its physical order on disk we now try to find a | |
2385 | middle ground between physical and access time order. | |
2386 | ||
2387 | * /etc/os-release files gained a new BUILD_ID= field for usage | |
2388 | on operating systems that provide continuous builds of OS | |
2389 | images. | |
2390 | ||
2391 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Eelco Dolstra, Kay Sievers, | |
2392 | Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Martin Pitt, Václav Pavlín | |
2393 | William Douglas, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
2394 | ||
35911459 LP |
2395 | CHANGES WITH 199: |
2396 | ||
2397 | * systemd-python gained an API exposing libsystemd-daemon. | |
2398 | ||
2399 | * The SMACK setup logic gained support for uploading CIPSO | |
2400 | security policy. | |
2401 | ||
2402 | * Behaviour of PrivateTmp=, ReadWriteDirectories=, | |
2403 | ReadOnlyDirectories= and InaccessibleDirectories= has | |
2404 | changed. The private /tmp and /var/tmp directories are now | |
2405 | shared by all processes of a service (which means | |
2406 | ExecStartPre= may now leave data in /tmp that ExecStart= of | |
2407 | the same service can still access). When a service is | |
2408 | stopped its temporary directories are immediately deleted | |
a87197f5 | 2409 | (normal clean-up with tmpfiles is still done in addition to |
35911459 LP |
2410 | this though). |
2411 | ||
2412 | * By default, systemd will now set a couple of sysctl | |
2413 | variables in the kernel: the safe sysrq options are turned | |
2414 | on, IP route verification is turned on, and source routing | |
2415 | disabled. The recently added hardlink and softlink | |
2416 | protection of the kernel is turned on. These settings should | |
2417 | be reasonably safe, and good defaults for all new systems. | |
2418 | ||
2419 | * The predictable network naming logic may now be turned off | |
a87197f5 | 2420 | with a new kernel command line switch: net.ifnames=0. |
35911459 LP |
2421 | |
2422 | * A new libsystemd-bus module has been added that implements a | |
2423 | pretty complete D-Bus client library. For details see: | |
2424 | ||
2425 | http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2013-March/009797.html | |
2426 | ||
c20d8298 | 2427 | * journald will now explicitly flush the journal files to disk |
a87197f5 ZJS |
2428 | at the latest 5min after each write. The file will then also |
2429 | be marked offline until the next write. This should increase | |
2430 | reliability in case of a crash. The synchronization delay | |
2431 | can be configured via SyncIntervalSec= in journald.conf. | |
35911459 LP |
2432 | |
2433 | * There's a new remote-fs-setup.target unit that can be used | |
2434 | to pull in specific services when at least one remote file | |
2435 | system is to be mounted. | |
2436 | ||
2437 | * There are new targets timers.target and paths.target as | |
2438 | canonical targets to pull user timer and path units in | |
2439 | from. This complements sockets.target with a similar | |
2440 | purpose for socket units. | |
2441 | ||
6a7d3d68 LP |
2442 | * libudev gained a new call udev_device_set_attribute_value() |
2443 | to set sysfs attributes of a device. | |
2444 | ||
a87197f5 ZJS |
2445 | * The udev daemon now sets the default number of worker |
2446 | processes executed in parallel based on the number of available | |
c20d8298 | 2447 | CPUs instead of the amount of available RAM. This is supposed |
ab06eef8 | 2448 | to provide a more reliable default and limit a too aggressive |
c20d8298 KS |
2449 | paralellism for setups with 1000s of devices connected. |
2450 | ||
35911459 LP |
2451 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Colin Walters, Cristian |
2452 | Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Dave Reisner, Frederic Crozat, Hannes | |
2453 | Reinecke, Harald Hoyer, Jan Alexander Steffens, Jan | |
2454 | Engelhardt, Josh Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, | |
2455 | Mantas Mikulėnas, Martin Pitt, Mathieu Bridon, Michael Biebl, | |
2456 | Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Miklos Vajna, Nathaniel Chen, | |
2457 | Oleksii Shevchuk, Ozan Çağlayan, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel | |
2458 | Andersen, Tollef Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, | |
2459 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
2460 | ||
85d68397 LP |
2461 | CHANGES WITH 198: |
2462 | ||
2463 | * Configuration of unit files may now be extended via drop-in | |
2464 | files without having to edit/override the unit files | |
2465 | themselves. More specifically, if the administrator wants to | |
2466 | change one value for a service file foobar.service he can | |
2467 | now do so by dropping in a configuration snippet into | |
ad88e758 | 2468 | /etc/systemd/system/foobar.service.d/*.conf. The unit logic |
85d68397 LP |
2469 | will load all these snippets and apply them on top of the |
2470 | main unit configuration file, possibly extending or | |
2471 | overriding its settings. Using these drop-in snippets is | |
40e21da8 KS |
2472 | generally nicer than the two earlier options for changing |
2473 | unit files locally: copying the files from | |
85d68397 LP |
2474 | /usr/lib/systemd/system/ to /etc/systemd/system/ and editing |
2475 | them there; or creating a new file in /etc/systemd/system/ | |
2476 | that incorporates the original one via ".include". Drop-in | |
2477 | snippets into these .d/ directories can be placed in any | |
fd868975 | 2478 | directory systemd looks for units in, and the usual |
85d68397 LP |
2479 | overriding semantics between /usr/lib, /etc and /run apply |
2480 | for them too. | |
2481 | ||
2482 | * Most unit file settings which take lists of items can now be | |
6aa8d43a | 2483 | reset by assigning the empty string to them. For example, |
85d68397 LP |
2484 | normally, settings such as Environment=FOO=BAR append a new |
2485 | environment variable assignment to the environment block, | |
2486 | each time they are used. By assigning Environment= the empty | |
2487 | string the environment block can be reset to empty. This is | |
2488 | particularly useful with the .d/*.conf drop-in snippets | |
156f7d09 KS |
2489 | mentioned above, since this adds the ability to reset list |
2490 | settings from vendor unit files via these drop-ins. | |
85d68397 LP |
2491 | |
2492 | * systemctl gained a new "list-dependencies" command for | |
2493 | listing the dependencies of a unit recursively. | |
2494 | ||
40e21da8 | 2495 | * Inhibitors are now honored and listed by "systemctl |
85d68397 LP |
2496 | suspend", "systemctl poweroff" (and similar) too, not only |
2497 | GNOME. These commands will also list active sessions by | |
2498 | other users. | |
2499 | ||
2500 | * Resource limits (as exposed by the various control group | |
2501 | controllers) can now be controlled dynamically at runtime | |
2502 | for all units. More specifically, you can now use a command | |
2503 | like "systemctl set-cgroup-attr foobar.service cpu.shares | |
2504 | 2000" to alter the CPU shares a specific service gets. These | |
6aa8d43a | 2505 | settings are stored persistently on disk, and thus allow the |
85d68397 LP |
2506 | administrator to easily adjust the resource usage of |
2507 | services with a few simple commands. This dynamic resource | |
6aa8d43a | 2508 | management logic is also available to other programs via the |
85d68397 LP |
2509 | bus. Almost any kernel cgroup attribute and controller is |
2510 | supported. | |
2511 | ||
2512 | * systemd-vconsole-setup will now copy all font settings to | |
6aa8d43a LP |
2513 | all allocated VTs, where it previously applied them only to |
2514 | the foreground VT. | |
85d68397 LP |
2515 | |
2516 | * libsystemd-login gained the new sd_session_get_tty() API | |
2517 | call. | |
2518 | ||
6aa8d43a LP |
2519 | * This release drops support for a few legacy or |
2520 | distribution-specific LSB facility names when parsing init | |
2521 | scripts: $x-display-manager, $mail-transfer-agent, | |
85d68397 LP |
2522 | $mail-transport-agent, $mail-transfer-agent, $smtp, |
2523 | $null. Also, the mail-transfer-agent.target unit backing | |
2524 | this has been removed. Distributions which want to retain | |
6aa8d43a LP |
2525 | compatibility with this should carry the burden for |
2526 | supporting this themselves and patch support for these back | |
2527 | in, if they really need to. Also, the facilities $syslog and | |
2528 | $local_fs are now ignored, since systemd does not support | |
2529 | early-boot LSB init scripts anymore, and these facilities | |
2530 | are implied anyway for normal services. syslog.target has | |
2531 | also been removed. | |
85d68397 | 2532 | |
40e21da8 | 2533 | * There are new bus calls on PID1's Manager object for |
6aa8d43a | 2534 | cancelling jobs, and removing snapshot units. Previously, |
85d68397 LP |
2535 | both calls were only available on the Job and Snapshot |
2536 | objects themselves. | |
2537 | ||
2538 | * systemd-journal-gatewayd gained SSL support. | |
2539 | ||
2540 | * The various "environment" files, such as /etc/locale.conf | |
2541 | now support continuation lines with a backslash ("\") as | |
499b604b | 2542 | last character in the line, similarly in style (but different) |
85d68397 LP |
2543 | to how this is supported in shells. |
2544 | ||
2545 | * For normal user processes the _SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT= field is | |
2546 | now implicitly appended to every log entry logged. systemctl | |
2547 | has been updated to filter by this field when operating on a | |
2548 | user systemd instance. | |
2549 | ||
2550 | * nspawn will now implicitly add the CAP_AUDIT_WRITE and | |
2551 | CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL capabilities to the capabilities set for | |
2552 | the container. This makes it easier to boot unmodified | |
2553 | Fedora systems in a container, which however still requires | |
2554 | audit=0 to be passed on the kernel command line. Auditing in | |
2555 | kernel and userspace is unfortunately still too broken in | |
2556 | context of containers, hence we recommend compiling it out | |
2557 | of the kernel or using audit=0. Hopefully this will be fixed | |
2558 | one day for good in the kernel. | |
2559 | ||
2560 | * nspawn gained the new --bind= and --bind-ro= parameters to | |
2561 | bind mount specific directories from the host into the | |
2562 | container. | |
2563 | ||
40e21da8 | 2564 | * nspawn will now mount its own devpts file system instance |
6aa8d43a | 2565 | into the container, in order not to leak pty devices from |
85d68397 LP |
2566 | the host into the container. |
2567 | ||
2568 | * systemd will now read the firmware boot time performance | |
6aa8d43a LP |
2569 | information from the EFI variables, if the used boot loader |
2570 | supports this, and takes it into account for boot performance | |
2571 | analysis via "systemd-analyze". This is currently supported | |
2572 | only in conjunction with Gummiboot, but could be supported | |
2573 | by other boot loaders too. For details see: | |
85d68397 LP |
2574 | |
2575 | http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/BootLoaderInterface | |
2576 | ||
2577 | * A new generator has been added that automatically mounts the | |
2578 | EFI System Partition (ESP) to /boot, if that directory | |
6aa8d43a LP |
2579 | exists, is empty, and no other file system has been |
2580 | configured to be mounted there. | |
85d68397 LP |
2581 | |
2582 | * logind will now send out PrepareForSleep(false) out | |
2583 | unconditionally, after coming back from suspend. This may be | |
2584 | used by applications as asynchronous notification for | |
2585 | system resume events. | |
2586 | ||
2587 | * "systemctl unlock-sessions" has been added, that allows | |
2588 | unlocking the screens of all user sessions at once, similar | |
499b604b | 2589 | to how "systemctl lock-sessions" already locked all users |
40e21da8 | 2590 | sessions. This is backed by a new D-Bus call UnlockSessions(). |
85d68397 LP |
2591 | |
2592 | * "loginctl seat-status" will now show the master device of a | |
2593 | seat. (i.e. the device of a seat that needs to be around for | |
2594 | the seat to be considered available, usually the graphics | |
2595 | card). | |
2596 | ||
2597 | * tmpfiles gained a new "X" line type, that allows | |
2598 | configuration of files and directories (with wildcards) that | |
2599 | shall be excluded from automatic cleanup ("aging"). | |
2600 | ||
bf933560 KS |
2601 | * udev default rules set the device node permissions now only |
2602 | at "add" events, and do not change them any longer with a | |
2603 | later "change" event. | |
85d68397 LP |
2604 | |
2605 | * The log messages for lid events and power/sleep keypresses | |
2606 | now carry a message ID. | |
2607 | ||
2608 | * We now have a substantially larger unit test suite, but this | |
2609 | continues to be work in progress. | |
2610 | ||
2611 | * udevadm hwdb gained a new --root= parameter to change the | |
2612 | root directory to operate relative to. | |
2613 | ||
40e21da8 KS |
2614 | * logind will now issue a background sync() request to the kernel |
2615 | early at shutdown, so that dirty buffers are flushed to disk early | |
85d68397 LP |
2616 | instead of at the last moment, in order to optimize shutdown |
2617 | times a little. | |
2618 | ||
2619 | * A new bootctl tool has been added that is an interface for | |
2620 | certain boot loader operations. This is currently a preview | |
2621 | and is likely to be extended into a small mechanism daemon | |
2622 | like timedated, localed, hostnamed, and can be used by | |
2623 | graphical UIs to enumerate available boot options, and | |
2624 | request boot into firmware operations. | |
2625 | ||
2626 | * systemd-bootchart has been relicensed to LGPLv2.1+ to match | |
2627 | the rest of the package. It also has been updated to work | |
2628 | correctly in initrds. | |
2629 | ||
2630 | * Policykit previously has been runtime optional, and is now | |
2631 | also compile time optional via a configure switch. | |
2632 | ||
2633 | * systemd-analyze has been reimplemented in C. Also "systemctl | |
2634 | dot" has moved into systemd-analyze. | |
2635 | ||
2636 | * "systemctl status" with no further parameters will now print | |
2637 | the status of all active or failed units. | |
2638 | ||
2639 | * Operations such as "systemctl start" can now be executed | |
2640 | with a new mode "--irreversible" which may be used to queue | |
2641 | operations that cannot accidentally be reversed by a later | |
6aa8d43a | 2642 | job queuing. This is by default used to make shutdown |
85d68397 LP |
2643 | requests more robust. |
2644 | ||
2645 | * The Python API of systemd now gained a new module for | |
2646 | reading journal files. | |
2647 | ||
2648 | * A new tool kernel-install has been added that can install | |
2649 | kernel images according to the Boot Loader Specification: | |
2650 | ||
2651 | http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/BootLoaderSpec | |
2652 | ||
2653 | * Boot time console output has been improved to provide | |
6aa8d43a | 2654 | animated boot time output for hanging jobs. |
85d68397 LP |
2655 | |
2656 | * A new tool systemd-activate has been added which can be used | |
2657 | to test socket activation with, directly from the command | |
2658 | line. This should make it much easier to test and debug | |
2659 | socket activation in daemons. | |
2660 | ||
2661 | * journalctl gained a new "--reverse" (or -r) option to show | |
2662 | journal output in reverse order (i.e. newest line first). | |
2663 | ||
43447fb7 LP |
2664 | * journalctl gained a new "--pager-end" (or -e) option to jump |
2665 | to immediately jump to the end of the journal in the | |
2666 | pager. This is only supported in conjunction with "less". | |
2667 | ||
85d68397 | 2668 | * journalctl gained a new "--user-unit=" option, that works |
499b604b | 2669 | similarly to "--unit=" but filters for user units rather than |
85d68397 LP |
2670 | system units. |
2671 | ||
2672 | * A number of unit files to ease adoption of systemd in | |
2673 | initrds has been added. This moves some minimal logic from | |
2674 | the various initrd implementations into systemd proper. | |
2675 | ||
2676 | * The journal files are now owned by a new group | |
2677 | "systemd-journal", which exists specifically to allow access | |
2678 | to the journal, and nothing else. Previously, we used the | |
6aa8d43a | 2679 | "adm" group for that, which however possibly covers more |
85d68397 LP |
2680 | than just journal/log file access. This new group is now |
2681 | already used by systemd-journal-gatewayd to ensure this | |
2682 | daemon gets access to the journal files and as little else | |
2683 | as possible. Note that "make install" will also set FS ACLs | |
2684 | up for /var/log/journal to give "adm" and "wheel" read | |
2685 | access to it, in addition to "systemd-journal" which owns | |
2686 | the journal files. We recommend that packaging scripts also | |
6aa8d43a | 2687 | add read access to "adm" + "wheel" to /var/log/journal, and |
85d68397 LP |
2688 | all existing/future journal files. To normal users and |
2689 | administrators little changes, however packagers need to | |
2690 | ensure to create the "systemd-journal" system group at | |
2691 | package installation time. | |
2692 | ||
2693 | * The systemd-journal-gatewayd now runs as unprivileged user | |
2694 | systemd-journal-gateway:systemd-journal-gateway. Packaging | |
2695 | scripts need to create these system user/group at | |
2696 | installation time. | |
2697 | ||
2698 | * timedated now exposes a new boolean property CanNTP that | |
2699 | indicates whether a local NTP service is available or not. | |
2700 | ||
2701 | * systemd-detect-virt will now also detect xen PVs | |
2702 | ||
40e21da8 KS |
2703 | * The pstore file system is now mounted by default, if it is |
2704 | available. | |
85d68397 | 2705 | |
1aed4590 LP |
2706 | * In addition to the SELinux and IMA policies we will now also |
2707 | load SMACK policies at early boot. | |
2708 | ||
85d68397 LP |
2709 | Contributions from: Adel Gadllah, Aleksander Morgado, Auke |
2710 | Kok, Ayan George, Bastien Nocera, Colin Walters, Daniel Buch, | |
2711 | Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, David Strauss, | |
2712 | Eelco Dolstra, Enrico Scholz, Frederic Crozat, Harald Hoyer, | |
2713 | Jan Janssen, Jonathan Callen, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, | |
2714 | Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc-Antoine Perennou, Martin | |
2715 | Pitt, Mauro Dreissig, Max F. Albrecht, Michael Biebl, Michael | |
2716 | Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Michal Vyskocil, | |
2717 | Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Mirco Tischler, Nathaniel Chen, Nestor | |
2718 | Ovroy, Oleksii Shevchuk, Paul W. Frields, Piotr Drąg, Rob | |
2719 | Clark, Ryan Lortie, Simon McVittie, Simon Peeters, Steven | |
2720 | Hiscocks, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tollef Fog Heen, Tom | |
2721 | Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, William Giokas, Zbigniew | |
2722 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Zeeshan Ali (Khattak) | |
2723 | ||
8ad26859 LP |
2724 | CHANGES WITH 197: |
2725 | ||
2726 | * Timer units now support calendar time events in addition to | |
2727 | monotonic time events. That means you can now trigger a unit | |
2728 | based on a calendar time specification such as "Thu,Fri | |
2729 | 2013-*-1,5 11:12:13" which refers to 11:12:13 of the first | |
2730 | or fifth day of any month of the year 2013, given that it is | |
2731 | a thursday or friday. This brings timer event support | |
2732 | considerably closer to cron's capabilities. For details on | |
2733 | the supported calendar time specification language see | |
2734 | systemd.time(7). | |
2735 | ||
2736 | * udev now supports a number of different naming policies for | |
2737 | network interfaces for predictable names, and a combination | |
2738 | of these policies is now the default. Please see this wiki | |
2739 | document for details: | |
2740 | ||
2741 | http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PredictableNetworkInterfaceNames | |
2742 | ||
2743 | * Auke Kok's bootchart implementation has been added to the | |
d28315e4 JE |
2744 | systemd tree. It is an optional component that can graph the |
2745 | boot in quite some detail. It is one of the best bootchart | |
8ad26859 LP |
2746 | implementations around and minimal in its code and |
2747 | dependencies. | |
2748 | ||
2749 | * nss-myhostname has been integrated into the systemd source | |
2750 | tree. nss-myhostname guarantees that the local hostname | |
2751 | always stays resolvable via NSS. It has been a weak | |
2752 | requirement of systemd-hostnamed since a long time, and | |
2753 | since its code is actually trivial we decided to just | |
2754 | include it in systemd's source tree. It can be turned off | |
2755 | with a configure switch. | |
2756 | ||
2757 | * The read-ahead logic is now capable of properly detecting | |
2758 | whether a btrfs file system is on SSD or rotating media, in | |
2759 | order to optimize the read-ahead scheme. Previously, it was | |
2760 | only capable of detecting this on traditional file systems | |
2761 | such as ext4. | |
2762 | ||
2763 | * In udev, additional device properties are now read from the | |
2764 | IAB in addition to the OUI database. Also, Bluetooth company | |
2765 | identities are attached to the devices as well. | |
2766 | ||
2767 | * In service files %U may be used as specifier that is | |
2768 | replaced by the configured user name of the service. | |
2769 | ||
2770 | * nspawn may now be invoked without a controlling TTY. This | |
2771 | makes it suitable for invocation as its own service. This | |
2772 | may be used to set up a simple containerized server system | |
2773 | using only core OS tools. | |
2774 | ||
2775 | * systemd and nspawn can now accept socket file descriptors | |
2776 | when they are started for socket activation. This enables | |
2777 | implementation of socket activated nspawn | |
2778 | containers. i.e. think about autospawning an entire OS image | |
2779 | when the first SSH or HTTP connection is received. We expect | |
2780 | that similar functionality will also be added to libvirt-lxc | |
2781 | eventually. | |
2782 | ||
2783 | * journalctl will now suppress ANSI color codes when | |
2784 | presenting log data. | |
2785 | ||
2786 | * systemctl will no longer show control group information for | |
2787 | a unit if a the control group is empty anyway. | |
2788 | ||
2789 | * logind can now automatically suspend/hibernate/shutdown the | |
2790 | system on idle. | |
2791 | ||
2792 | * /etc/machine-info and hostnamed now also expose the chassis | |
2793 | type of the system. This can be used to determine whether | |
2794 | the local system is a laptop, desktop, handset or | |
2795 | tablet. This information may either be configured by the | |
2796 | user/vendor or is automatically determined from ACPI and DMI | |
2797 | information if possible. | |
2798 | ||
2799 | * A number of PolicyKit actions are now bound together with | |
2800 | "imply" rules. This should simplify creating UIs because | |
2801 | many actions will now authenticate similar ones as well. | |
2802 | ||
2803 | * Unit files learnt a new condition ConditionACPower= which | |
2804 | may be used to conditionalize a unit depending on whether an | |
2805 | AC power source is connected or not, of whether the system | |
2806 | is running on battery power. | |
2807 | ||
2808 | * systemctl gained a new "is-failed" verb that may be used in | |
2809 | shell scripts and suchlike to check whether a specific unit | |
2810 | is in the "failed" state. | |
2811 | ||
2812 | * The EnvironmentFile= setting in unit files now supports file | |
2813 | globbing, and can hence be used to easily read a number of | |
2814 | environment files at once. | |
2815 | ||
2816 | * systemd will no longer detect and recognize specific | |
2817 | distributions. All distribution-specific #ifdeffery has been | |
2818 | removed, systemd is now fully generic and | |
2819 | distribution-agnostic. Effectively, not too much is lost as | |
2820 | a lot of the code is still accessible via explicit configure | |
2821 | switches. However, support for some distribution specific | |
2822 | legacy configuration file formats has been dropped. We | |
2823 | recommend distributions to simply adopt the configuration | |
2824 | files everybody else uses now and convert the old | |
2825 | configuration from packaging scripts. Most distributions | |
2826 | already did that. If that's not possible or desirable, | |
2827 | distributions are welcome to forward port the specific | |
2828 | pieces of code locally from the git history. | |
2829 | ||
2830 | * When logging a message about a unit systemd will now always | |
2831 | log the unit name in the message meta data. | |
2832 | ||
2833 | * localectl will now also discover system locale data that is | |
2834 | not stored in locale archives, but directly unpacked. | |
2835 | ||
2836 | * logind will no longer unconditionally use framebuffer | |
2837 | devices as seat masters, i.e. as devices that are required | |
2838 | to be existing before a seat is considered preset. Instead, | |
2839 | it will now look for all devices that are tagged as | |
2840 | "seat-master" in udev. By default framebuffer devices will | |
2841 | be marked as such, but depending on local systems other | |
2842 | devices might be marked as well. This may be used to | |
2843 | integrate graphics cards using closed source drivers (such | |
2844 | as NVidia ones) more nicely into logind. Note however, that | |
2845 | we recommend using the open source NVidia drivers instead, | |
2846 | and no udev rules for the closed-source drivers will be | |
2847 | shipped from us upstream. | |
2848 | ||
2849 | Contributions from: Adam Williamson, Alessandro Crismani, Auke | |
2850 | Kok, Colin Walters, Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, David | |
2851 | Herrmann, David Strauss, Dimitrios Apostolou, Eelco Dolstra, | |
2852 | Eric Benoit, Giovanni Campagna, Hannes Reinecke, Henrik | |
2853 | Grindal Bakken, Hermann Gausterer, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
2854 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel Holtmann, | |
2855 | Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Michael Biebl, Michael Terry, | |
2856 | Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Oleg | |
2857 | Samarin, Pekka Lundstrom, Philip Nilsson, Ramkumar | |
2858 | Ramachandra, Richard Yao, Robert Millan, Sami Kerola, Shawn | |
2859 | Landden, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Thomas Jarosch, | |
2860 | Tollef Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, Zbigniew | |
2861 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
2862 | ||
0428ddb7 LP |
2863 | CHANGES WITH 196: |
2864 | ||
2865 | * udev gained support for loading additional device properties | |
2866 | from an indexed database that is keyed by vendor/product IDs | |
2867 | and similar device identifiers. For the beginning this | |
2868 | "hwdb" is populated with data from the well-known PCI and | |
2869 | USB database, but also includes PNP, ACPI and OID data. In | |
2870 | the longer run this indexed database shall grow into | |
2871 | becoming the one central database for non-essential | |
2872 | userspace device metadata. Previously, data from the PCI/USB | |
96ec33c0 | 2873 | database was only attached to select devices, since the |
0428ddb7 | 2874 | lookup was a relatively expensive operation due to O(n) time |
96ec33c0 LP |
2875 | complexity (with n being the number of entries in the |
2876 | database). Since this is now O(1), we decided to add in this | |
2877 | data for all devices where this is available, by | |
0428ddb7 LP |
2878 | default. Note that the indexed database needs to be rebuilt |
2879 | when new data files are installed. To achieve this you need | |
2880 | to update your packaging scripts to invoke "udevadm hwdb | |
2881 | --update" after installation of hwdb data files. For | |
2882 | RPM-based distributions we introduced the new | |
2883 | %udev_hwdb_update macro for this purpose. | |
2884 | ||
2885 | * The Journal gained support for the "Message Catalog", an | |
2886 | indexed database to link up additional information with | |
2887 | journal entries. For further details please check: | |
2888 | ||
2889 | http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/catalog | |
2890 | ||
2891 | The indexed message catalog database also needs to be | |
2892 | rebuilt after installation of message catalog files. Use | |
2893 | "journalctl --update-catalog" for this. For RPM-based | |
2894 | distributions we introduced the %journal_catalog_update | |
2895 | macro for this purpose. | |
2896 | ||
2897 | * The Python Journal bindings gained support for the standard | |
2898 | Python logging framework. | |
2899 | ||
2900 | * The Journal API gained new functions for checking whether | |
2901 | the underlying file system of a journal file is capable of | |
2902 | properly reporting file change notifications, or whether | |
2903 | applications that want to reflect journal changes "live" | |
ab06eef8 | 2904 | need to recheck journal files continuously in appropriate |
0428ddb7 LP |
2905 | time intervals. |
2906 | ||
2907 | * It is now possible to set the "age" field for tmpfiles | |
2908 | entries to 0, indicating that files matching this entry | |
2909 | shall always be removed when the directories are cleaned up. | |
2910 | ||
2911 | * coredumpctl gained a new "gdb" verb which invokes gdb | |
2912 | right-away on the selected coredump. | |
2913 | ||
2914 | * There's now support for "hybrid sleep" on kernels that | |
2915 | support this, in addition to "suspend" and "hibernate". Use | |
2916 | "systemctl hybrid-sleep" to make use of this. | |
2917 | ||
2918 | * logind's HandleSuspendKey= setting (and related settings) | |
2919 | now gained support for a new "lock" setting to simply | |
2920 | request the screen lock on all local sessions, instead of | |
2921 | actually executing a suspend or hibernation. | |
2922 | ||
2923 | * systemd will now mount the EFI variables file system by | |
2924 | default. | |
2925 | ||
2926 | * Socket units now gained support for configuration of the | |
2927 | SMACK security label. | |
2928 | ||
2929 | * timedatectl will now output the time of the last and next | |
2930 | daylight saving change. | |
2931 | ||
2932 | * We dropped support for various legacy and distro-specific | |
2933 | concepts, such as insserv, early-boot SysV services | |
2934 | (i.e. those for non-standard runlevels such as 'b' or 'S') | |
2935 | or ArchLinux /etc/rc.conf support. We recommend the | |
2936 | distributions who still need support this to either continue | |
2937 | to maintain the necessary patches downstream, or find a | |
2938 | different solution. (Talk to us if you have questions!) | |
2939 | ||
2940 | * Various systemd components will now bypass PolicyKit checks | |
2941 | for root and otherwise handle properly if PolicyKit is not | |
2942 | found to be around. This should fix most issues for | |
2943 | PolicyKit-less systems. Quite frankly this should have been | |
2944 | this way since day one. It is absolutely our intention to | |
2945 | make systemd work fine on PolicyKit-less systems, and we | |
d28315e4 | 2946 | consider it a bug if something does not work as it should if |
0428ddb7 LP |
2947 | PolicyKit is not around. |
2948 | ||
2949 | * For embedded systems it is now possible to build udev and | |
2950 | systemd without blkid and/or kmod support. | |
2951 | ||
2952 | * "systemctl switch-root" is now capable of switching root | |
2953 | more than once. I.e. in addition to transitions from the | |
2954 | initrd to the host OS it is now possible to transition to | |
2955 | further OS images from the host. This is useful to implement | |
2956 | offline updating tools. | |
2957 | ||
2958 | * Various other additions have been made to the RPM macros | |
2959 | shipped with systemd. Use %udev_rules_update() after | |
2960 | installing new udev rules files. %_udevhwdbdir, | |
2961 | %_udevrulesdir, %_journalcatalogdir, %_tmpfilesdir, | |
2962 | %_sysctldir are now available which resolve to the right | |
2963 | directories for packages to place various data files in. | |
2964 | ||
2965 | * journalctl gained the new --full switch (in addition to | |
2966 | --all, to disable ellipsation for long messages. | |
2967 | ||
2968 | Contributions from: Anders Olofsson, Auke Kok, Ben Boeckel, | |
2969 | Colin Walters, Cosimo Cecchi, Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, | |
2970 | Eelco Dolstra, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Kay Sievers, | |
2971 | Chun-Yi Lee, Lekensteyn, Lennart Poettering, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
2972 | Marti Raudsepp, Martin Pitt, Mauro Dreissig, Michael Biebl, | |
2973 | Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Miklos Vajna, Nis Martensen, | |
2974 | Oleksii Shevchuk, Olivier Brunel, Ramkumar Ramachandra, Thomas | |
2975 | Bächler, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Tony | |
2976 | Camuso, Umut Tezduyar, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
2977 | ||
139ee8cc LP |
2978 | CHANGES WITH 195: |
2979 | ||
6827101a | 2980 | * journalctl gained new --since= and --until= switches to |
139ee8cc LP |
2981 | filter by time. It also now supports nice filtering for |
2982 | units via --unit=/-u. | |
2983 | ||
6827101a | 2984 | * Type=oneshot services may use ExecReload= and do the |
139ee8cc LP |
2985 | right thing. |
2986 | ||
2987 | * The journal daemon now supports time-based rotation and | |
2988 | vacuuming, in addition to the usual disk-space based | |
2989 | rotation. | |
2990 | ||
2991 | * The journal will now index the available field values for | |
2992 | each field name. This enables clients to show pretty drop | |
2993 | downs of available match values when filtering. The bash | |
2994 | completion of journalctl has been updated | |
2995 | accordingly. journalctl gained a new switch -F to list all | |
2996 | values a certain field takes in the journal database. | |
2997 | ||
2998 | * More service events are now written as structured messages | |
2999 | to the journal, and made recognizable via message IDs. | |
3000 | ||
3001 | * The timedated, localed and hostnamed mini-services which | |
3002 | previously only provided support for changing time, locale | |
3003 | and hostname settings from graphical DEs such as GNOME now | |
3004 | also have a minimal (but very useful) text-based client | |
3005 | utility each. This is probably the nicest way to changing | |
3006 | these settings from the command line now, especially since | |
3007 | it lists available options and is fully integrated with bash | |
3008 | completion. | |
3009 | ||
3010 | * There's now a new tool "systemd-coredumpctl" to list and | |
3011 | extract coredumps from the journal. | |
3012 | ||
3013 | * We now install a README each in /var/log/ and | |
3014 | /etc/rc.d/init.d explaining where the system logs and init | |
3015 | scripts went. This hopefully should help folks who go to | |
3016 | that dirs and look into the otherwise now empty void and | |
3017 | scratch their heads. | |
3018 | ||
3019 | * When user-services are invoked (by systemd --user) the | |
3020 | $MANAGERPID env var is set to the PID of systemd. | |
3021 | ||
3022 | * SIGRTMIN+24 when sent to a --user instance will now result | |
3023 | in immediate termination of systemd. | |
3024 | ||
3025 | * gatewayd received numerous feature additions such as a | |
3026 | "follow" mode, for live syncing and filtering. | |
3027 | ||
3028 | * browse.html now allows filtering and showing detailed | |
3029 | information on specific entries. Keyboard navigation and | |
3030 | mouse screen support has been added. | |
3031 | ||
3032 | * gatewayd/journalctl now supports HTML5/JSON | |
3033 | Server-Sent-Events as output. | |
3034 | ||
1cb88f2c | 3035 | * The SysV init script compatibility logic will now |
139ee8cc LP |
3036 | heuristically determine whether a script supports the |
3037 | "reload" verb, and only then make this available as | |
3038 | "systemctl reload". | |
3039 | ||
15f47220 | 3040 | * "systemctl status --follow" has been removed, use "journalctl |
139ee8cc LP |
3041 | -u" instead. |
3042 | ||
3043 | * journald.conf's RuntimeMinSize=, PersistentMinSize= settings | |
3044 | have been removed since they are hardly useful to be | |
3045 | configured. | |
3046 | ||
3047 | * And I'd like to take the opportunity to specifically mention | |
3048 | Zbigniew for his great contributions. Zbigniew, you rock! | |
3049 | ||
3050 | Contributions from: Andrew Eikum, Christian Hesse, Colin | |
3051 | Guthrie, Daniel J Walsh, Dave Reisner, Eelco Dolstra, Ferenc | |
4d92e078 LP |
3052 | Wágner, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas |
3053 | Mikulėnas, Martin Mikkelsen, Martin Pitt, Michael Olbrich, | |
3054 | Michael Stapelberg, Michal Schmidt, Sebastian Ott, Thomas | |
3055 | Bächler, Umut Tezduyar, Will Woods, Wulf C. Krueger, Zbigniew | |
3056 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Сковорода Никита Андреевич | |
139ee8cc | 3057 | |
f9b55720 LP |
3058 | CHANGES WITH 194: |
3059 | ||
3060 | * If /etc/vconsole.conf is non-existent or empty we will no | |
3061 | longer load any console font or key map at boot by | |
3062 | default. Instead the kernel defaults will be left | |
3063 | intact. This is definitely the right thing to do, as no | |
3064 | configuration should mean no configuration, and hard-coding | |
3065 | font names that are different on all archs is probably a bad | |
3066 | idea. Also, the kernel default key map and font should be | |
3067 | good enough for most cases anyway, and mostly identical to | |
3068 | the userspace fonts/key maps we previously overloaded them | |
3069 | with. If distributions want to continue to default to a | |
3070 | non-kernel font or key map they should ship a default | |
3071 | /etc/vconsole.conf with the appropriate contents. | |
3072 | ||
3073 | Contributions from: Colin Walters, Daniel J Walsh, Dave | |
3074 | Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Tollef | |
3075 | Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
3076 | ||
597c52cf LP |
3077 | CHANGES WITH 193: |
3078 | ||
3079 | * journalctl gained a new --cursor= switch to show entries | |
3080 | starting from the specified location in the journal. | |
3081 | ||
3082 | * We now enforce a size limit on journal entry fields exported | |
3083 | with "-o json" in journalctl. Fields larger than 4K will be | |
3084 | assigned null. This can be turned off with --all. | |
3085 | ||
3086 | * An (optional) journal gateway daemon is now available as | |
3087 | "systemd-journal-gatewayd.service". This service provides | |
3088 | access to the journal via HTTP and JSON. This functionality | |
3089 | will be used to implement live log synchronization in both | |
3090 | pull and push modes, but has various other users too, such | |
3091 | as easy log access for debugging of embedded devices. Right | |
3092 | now it is already useful to retrieve the journal via HTTP: | |
3093 | ||
3094 | # systemctl start systemd-journal-gatewayd.service | |
3095 | # wget http://localhost:19531/entries | |
3096 | ||
3097 | This will download the journal contents in a | |
3098 | /var/log/messages compatible format. The same as JSON: | |
3099 | ||
3100 | # curl -H"Accept: application/json" http://localhost:19531/entries | |
3101 | ||
3102 | This service is also accessible via a web browser where a | |
3103 | single static HTML5 app is served that uses the JSON logic | |
3104 | to enable the user to do some basic browsing of the | |
3105 | journal. This will be extended later on. Here's an example | |
3106 | screenshot of this app in its current state: | |
3107 | ||
3108 | http://0pointer.de/public/journal-gatewayd | |
3109 | ||
3110 | Contributions from: Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Robert | |
3111 | Milasan, Tom Gundersen | |
3112 | ||
075d4ecb LP |
3113 | CHANGES WITH 192: |
3114 | ||
3115 | * The bash completion logic is now available for journalctl | |
3116 | too. | |
3117 | ||
d28315e4 | 3118 | * We do not mount the "cpuset" controller anymore together with |
075d4ecb LP |
3119 | "cpu" and "cpuacct", as "cpuset" groups generally cannot be |
3120 | started if no parameters are assigned to it. "cpuset" hence | |
3121 | broke code that assumed it it could create "cpu" groups and | |
3122 | just start them. | |
3123 | ||
3124 | * journalctl -f will now subscribe to terminal size changes, | |
3125 | and line break accordingly. | |
3126 | ||
597c52cf LP |
3127 | Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lennart |
3128 | Poettering, Lukas Nykrynm, Mirco Tischler, Václav Pavlín | |
075d4ecb | 3129 | |
b6a86739 LP |
3130 | CHANGES WITH 191: |
3131 | ||
3132 | * nspawn will now create a symlink /etc/localtime in the | |
3133 | container environment, copying the host's timezone | |
3134 | setting. Previously this has been done via a bind mount, but | |
3135 | since symlinks cannot be bind mounted this has now been | |
3136 | changed to create/update the appropriate symlink. | |
3137 | ||
3138 | * journalctl -n's line number argument is now optional, and | |
3139 | will default to 10 if omitted. | |
3140 | ||
3141 | * journald will now log the maximum size the journal files may | |
3142 | take up on disk. This is particularly useful if the default | |
3143 | built-in logic of determining this parameter from the file | |
3144 | system size is used. Use "systemctl status | |
6563b535 | 3145 | systemd-journald.service" to see this information. |
b6a86739 LP |
3146 | |
3147 | * The multi-seat X wrapper tool has been stripped down. As X | |
3148 | is now capable of enumerating graphics devices via udev in a | |
3149 | seat-aware way the wrapper is not strictly necessary | |
3150 | anymore. A stripped down temporary stop-gap is still shipped | |
3151 | until the upstream display managers have been updated to | |
3152 | fully support the new X logic. Expect this wrapper to be | |
6563b535 | 3153 | removed entirely in one of the next releases. |
b6a86739 LP |
3154 | |
3155 | * HandleSleepKey= in logind.conf has been split up into | |
3156 | HandleSuspendKey= and HandleHibernateKey=. The old setting | |
6563b535 | 3157 | is not available anymore. X11 and the kernel are |
b6a86739 LP |
3158 | distuingishing between these keys and we should too. This |
3159 | also means the inhibition lock for these keys has been split | |
3160 | into two. | |
3161 | ||
597c52cf LP |
3162 | Contributions from: Dave Airlie, Eelco Dolstra, Lennart |
3163 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Václav Pavlín | |
b6a86739 | 3164 | |
0c11f949 LP |
3165 | CHANGES WITH 190: |
3166 | ||
d28315e4 | 3167 | * Whenever a unit changes state we will now log this to the |
0c11f949 LP |
3168 | journal and show along the unit's own log output in |
3169 | "systemctl status". | |
3170 | ||
3171 | * ConditionPathIsMountPoint= can now properly detect bind | |
3172 | mount points too. (Previously, a bind mount of one file | |
8d0256b7 | 3173 | system to another place in the same file system could not be |
0c11f949 LP |
3174 | detected as mount, since they shared struct stat's st_dev |
3175 | field.) | |
3176 | ||
3177 | * We will now mount the cgroup controllers cpu, cpuacct, | |
3178 | cpuset and the controllers net_cls, net_prio together by | |
3179 | default. | |
3180 | ||
3181 | * nspawn containers will now have a virtualized boot | |
3182 | ID. (i.e. /proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id is now mounted | |
3183 | over with a randomized ID at container initialization). This | |
3184 | has the effect of making "journalctl -b" do the right thing | |
3185 | in a container. | |
3186 | ||
3187 | * The JSON output journal serialization has been updated not | |
3188 | to generate "endless" list objects anymore, but rather one | |
3189 | JSON object per line. This is more in line how most JSON | |
3190 | parsers expect JSON objects. The new output mode | |
3191 | "json-pretty" has been added to provide similar output, but | |
3192 | neatly aligned for readability by humans. | |
3193 | ||
3194 | * We dropped all explicit sync() invocations in the shutdown | |
3195 | code. The kernel does this implicitly anyway in the kernel | |
3196 | reboot() syscall. halt(8)'s -n option is now a compatibility | |
3197 | no-op. | |
3198 | ||
3199 | * We now support virtualized reboot() in containers, as | |
3200 | supported by newer kernels. We will fall back to exit() if | |
3201 | CAP_SYS_REBOOT is not available to the container. Also, | |
3202 | nspawn makes use of this now and will actually reboot the | |
3203 | container if the containerized OS asks for that. | |
3204 | ||
3205 | * journalctl will only show local log output by default | |
3206 | now. Use --merge (-m) to show remote log output, too. | |
3207 | ||
3208 | * libsystemd-journal gained the new sd_journal_get_usage() | |
3209 | call to determine the current disk usage of all journal | |
3210 | files. This is exposed in the new "journalctl --disk-usage" | |
3211 | command. | |
3212 | ||
3213 | * journald gained a new configuration setting SplitMode= in | |
3214 | journald.conf which may be used to control how user journals | |
3215 | are split off. See journald.conf(5) for details. | |
3216 | ||
3217 | * A new condition type ConditionFileNotEmpty= has been added. | |
3218 | ||
3219 | * tmpfiles' "w" lines now support file globbing, to write | |
3220 | multiple files at once. | |
3221 | ||
3222 | * We added Python bindings for the journal submission | |
3223 | APIs. More Python APIs for a number of selected APIs will | |
3224 | likely follow. Note that we intend to add native bindings | |
3225 | only for the Python language, as we consider it common | |
3226 | enough to deserve bindings shipped within systemd. There are | |
3227 | various projects outside of systemd that provide bindings | |
3228 | for languages such as PHP or Lua. | |
3229 | ||
a98d5d64 LP |
3230 | * Many conditions will now resolve specifiers such as %i. In |
3231 | addition, PathChanged= and related directives of .path units | |
3232 | now support specifiers as well. | |
0c11f949 LP |
3233 | |
3234 | * There's now a new RPM macro definition for the system preset | |
3235 | dir: %_presetdir. | |
3236 | ||
d28315e4 | 3237 | * journald will now warn if it ca not forward a message to the |
dca348bc | 3238 | syslog daemon because its socket is full. |
0c11f949 LP |
3239 | |
3240 | * timedated will no longer write or process /etc/timezone, | |
3241 | except on Debian. As we do not support late mounted /usr | |
3242 | anymore /etc/localtime always being a symlink is now safe, | |
3243 | and hence the information in /etc/timezone is not necessary | |
3244 | anymore. | |
3245 | ||
aaccc32c | 3246 | * logind will now always reserve one VT for a text getty (VT6 |
0c11f949 LP |
3247 | by default). Previously if more than 6 X sessions where |
3248 | started they took up all the VTs with auto-spawned gettys, | |
3249 | so that no text gettys were available anymore. | |
3250 | ||
3251 | * udev will now automatically inform the btrfs kernel logic | |
3252 | about btrfs RAID components showing up. This should make | |
3253 | simple hotplug based btrfs RAID assembly work. | |
3254 | ||
3255 | * PID 1 will now increase its RLIMIT_NOFILE to 64K by default | |
3256 | (but not for its children which will stay at the kernel | |
3257 | default). This should allow setups with a lot more listening | |
3258 | sockets. | |
3259 | ||
3260 | * systemd will now always pass the configured timezone to the | |
3261 | kernel at boot. timedated will do the same when the timezone | |
3262 | is changed. | |
3263 | ||
3264 | * logind's inhibition logic has been updated. By default, | |
3265 | logind will now handle the lid switch, the power and sleep | |
3266 | keys all the time, even in graphical sessions. If DEs want | |
3267 | to handle these events on their own they should take the new | |
3268 | handle-power-key, handle-sleep-key and handle-lid-switch | |
3269 | inhibitors during their runtime. A simple way to achiveve | |
3270 | that is to invoke the DE wrapped in an invocation of: | |
3271 | ||
3272 | systemd-inhibit --what=handle-power-key:handle-sleep-key:handle-lid-switch ... | |
3273 | ||
3274 | * Access to unit operations is now checked via SELinux taking | |
3275 | the unit file label and client process label into account. | |
3276 | ||
aad803af LP |
3277 | * systemd will now notify the administrator in the journal |
3278 | when he over-mounts a non-empty directory. | |
3279 | ||
3280 | * There are new specifiers that are resolved in unit files, | |
3281 | for the host name (%H), the machine ID (%m) and the boot ID | |
3282 | (%b). | |
3283 | ||
b6a86739 | 3284 | Contributions from: Allin Cottrell, Auke Kok, Brandon Philips, |
0c11f949 LP |
3285 | Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters, Daniel J Walsh, Dave Reisner, |
3286 | Eelco Dolstra, Jan Engelhardt, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
3287 | Poettering, Lucas De Marchi, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
3288 | Martin Pitt, Matthias Clasen, Michael Olbrich, Pierre Schmitz, | |
3289 | Shawn Landden, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, | |
3290 | Václav Pavlín, Yin Kangkai, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
3291 | ||
38a60d71 LP |
3292 | CHANGES WITH 189: |
3293 | ||
3294 | * Support for reading structured kernel messages from | |
3295 | /dev/kmsg has now been added and is enabled by default. | |
3296 | ||
3297 | * Support for reading kernel messages from /proc/kmsg has now | |
3298 | been removed. If you want kernel messages in the journal | |
3299 | make sure to run a recent kernel (>= 3.5) that supports | |
3300 | reading structured messages from /dev/kmsg (see | |
3301 | above). /proc/kmsg is now exclusive property of classic | |
3302 | syslog daemons again. | |
3303 | ||
3304 | * The libudev API gained the new | |
3305 | udev_device_new_from_device_id() call. | |
3306 | ||
3307 | * The logic for file system namespace (ReadOnlyDirectory=, | |
3308 | ReadWriteDirectoy=, PrivateTmp=) has been reworked not to | |
3309 | require pivot_root() anymore. This means fewer temporary | |
3310 | directories are created below /tmp for this feature. | |
3311 | ||
3312 | * nspawn containers will now see and receive all submounts | |
3313 | made on the host OS below the root file system of the | |
3314 | container. | |
3315 | ||
3316 | * Forward Secure Sealing is now supported for Journal files, | |
3317 | which provide cryptographical sealing of journal files so | |
3318 | that attackers cannot alter log history anymore without this | |
3319 | being detectable. Lennart will soon post a blog story about | |
3320 | this explaining it in more detail. | |
3321 | ||
3322 | * There are two new service settings RestartPreventExitStatus= | |
3323 | and SuccessExitStatus= which allow configuration of exit | |
3324 | status (exit code or signal) which will be excepted from the | |
3325 | restart logic, resp. consider successful. | |
3326 | ||
3327 | * journalctl gained the new --verify switch that can be used | |
3328 | to check the integrity of the structure of journal files and | |
3329 | (if Forward Secure Sealing is enabled) the contents of | |
3330 | journal files. | |
3331 | ||
3332 | * nspawn containers will now be run with /dev/stdin, /dev/fd/ | |
3333 | and similar symlinks pre-created. This makes running shells | |
3334 | as container init process a lot more fun. | |
3335 | ||
3336 | * The fstab support can now handle PARTUUID= and PARTLABEL= | |
3337 | entries. | |
3338 | ||
3339 | * A new ConditionHost= condition has been added to match | |
3340 | against the hostname (with globs) and machine ID. This is | |
3341 | useful for clusters where a single OS image is used to | |
3342 | provision a large number of hosts which shall run slightly | |
3343 | different sets of services. | |
3344 | ||
3345 | * Services which hit the restart limit will now be placed in a | |
3346 | failure state. | |
3347 | ||
b6a86739 | 3348 | Contributions from: Bertram Poettering, Dave Reisner, Huang |
38a60d71 LP |
3349 | Hang, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Martin |
3350 | Pitt, Simon Peeters, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
3351 | ||
c269cec3 LP |
3352 | CHANGES WITH 188: |
3353 | ||
3354 | * When running in --user mode systemd will now become a | |
3355 | subreaper (PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER). This should make the ps | |
3356 | tree a lot more organized. | |
3357 | ||
3358 | * A new PartOf= unit dependency type has been introduced that | |
3359 | may be used to group services in a natural way. | |
3360 | ||
3361 | * "systemctl enable" may now be used to enable instances of | |
3362 | services. | |
3363 | ||
3364 | * journalctl now prints error log levels in red, and | |
3365 | warning/notice log levels in bright white. It also supports | |
3366 | filtering by log level now. | |
3367 | ||
3368 | * cgtop gained a new -n switch (similar to top), to configure | |
3369 | the maximum number of iterations to run for. It also gained | |
3370 | -b, to run in batch mode (accepting no input). | |
3371 | ||
ab06eef8 | 3372 | * The suffix ".service" may now be omitted on most systemctl |
c269cec3 LP |
3373 | command lines involving service unit names. |
3374 | ||
3375 | * There's a new bus call in logind to lock all sessions, as | |
3376 | well as a loginctl verb for it "lock-sessions". | |
3377 | ||
3378 | * libsystemd-logind.so gained a new call sd_journal_perror() | |
3379 | that works similar to libc perror() but logs to the journal | |
3380 | and encodes structured information about the error number. | |
3381 | ||
3382 | * /etc/crypttab entries now understand the new keyfile-size= | |
3383 | option. | |
3384 | ||
3385 | * shutdown(8) now can send a (configurable) wall message when | |
3386 | a shutdown is cancelled. | |
3387 | ||
3388 | * The mount propagation mode for the root file system will now | |
3389 | default to "shared", which is useful to make containers work | |
3390 | nicely out-of-the-box so that they receive new mounts from | |
3391 | the host. This can be undone locally by running "mount | |
3392 | --make-rprivate /" if needed. | |
3393 | ||
3394 | * The prefdm.service file has been removed. Distributions | |
3395 | should maintain this unit downstream if they intend to keep | |
3396 | it around. However, we recommend writing normal unit files | |
3397 | for display managers instead. | |
3398 | ||
3399 | * Since systemd is a crucial part of the OS we will now | |
3400 | default to a number of compiler switches that improve | |
3401 | security (hardening) such as read-only relocations, stack | |
3402 | protection, and suchlike. | |
3403 | ||
3404 | * The TimeoutSec= setting for services is now split into | |
3405 | TimeoutStartSec= and TimeoutStopSec= to allow configuration | |
3406 | of individual time outs for the start and the stop phase of | |
3407 | the service. | |
3408 | ||
3409 | Contributions from: Artur Zaprzala, Arvydas Sidorenko, Auke | |
3410 | Kok, Bryan Kadzban, Dave Reisner, David Strauss, Harald Hoyer, | |
3411 | Jim Meyering, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Mantas | |
3412 | Mikulėnas, Martin Pitt, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Peter | |
3413 | Alfredsen, Shawn Landden, Simon Peeters, Terence Honles, Tom | |
3414 | Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
3415 | ||
c4f1b862 LP |
3416 | CHANGES WITH 187: |
3417 | ||
3418 | * The journal and id128 C APIs are now fully documented as man | |
3419 | pages. | |
3420 | ||
3421 | * Extra safety checks have been added when transitioning from | |
3422 | the initial RAM disk to the main system to avoid accidental | |
3423 | data loss. | |
3424 | ||
c269cec3 | 3425 | * /etc/crypttab entries now understand the new keyfile-offset= |
c4f1b862 LP |
3426 | option. |
3427 | ||
3428 | * systemctl -t can now be used to filter by unit load state. | |
3429 | ||
3430 | * The journal C API gained the new sd_journal_wait() call to | |
3431 | make writing synchronous journal clients easier. | |
3432 | ||
3433 | * journalctl gained the new -D switch to show journals from a | |
3434 | specific directory. | |
3435 | ||
3436 | * journalctl now displays a special marker between log | |
3437 | messages of two different boots. | |
3438 | ||
3439 | * The journal is now explicitly flushed to /var via a service | |
3440 | systemd-journal-flush.service, rather than implicitly simply | |
3441 | by seeing /var/log/journal to be writable. | |
3442 | ||
3443 | * journalctl (and the journal C APIs) can now match for much | |
3444 | more complex expressions, with alternatives and | |
3445 | disjunctions. | |
3446 | ||
3447 | * When transitioning from the initial RAM disk to the main | |
3448 | system we will now kill all processes in a killing spree to | |
3449 | ensure no processes stay around by accident. | |
3450 | ||
3451 | * Three new specifiers may be used in unit files: %u, %h, %s | |
3452 | resolve to the user name, user home directory resp. user | |
3453 | shell. This is useful for running systemd user instances. | |
3454 | ||
3455 | * We now automatically rotate journal files if their data | |
3456 | object hash table gets a fill level > 75%. We also size the | |
3457 | hash table based on the configured maximum file size. This | |
3458 | together should lower hash collisions drastically and thus | |
3459 | speed things up a bit. | |
3460 | ||
3461 | * journalctl gained the new "--header" switch to introspect | |
3462 | header data of journal files. | |
3463 | ||
3464 | * A new setting SystemCallFilters= has been added to services | |
3465 | which may be used to apply blacklists or whitelists to | |
3466 | system calls. This is based on SECCOMP Mode 2 of Linux 3.5. | |
3467 | ||
3468 | * nspawn gained a new --link-journal= switch (and quicker: -j) | |
3469 | to link the container journal with the host. This makes it | |
3470 | very easy to centralize log viewing on the host for all | |
3471 | guests while still keeping the journal files separated. | |
3472 | ||
3473 | * Many bugfixes and optimizations | |
3474 | ||
3475 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Eelco Dolstra, Harald Hoyer, Kay | |
3476 | Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Malte Starostik, Paul Menzel, Rex | |
3477 | Tsai, Shawn Landden, Tom Gundersen, Ville Skyttä, Zbigniew | |
3478 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
3479 | ||
b5b4c94a LP |
3480 | CHANGES WITH 186: |
3481 | ||
3482 | * Several tools now understand kernel command line arguments, | |
3483 | which are only read when run in an initial RAM disk. They | |
3484 | usually follow closely their normal counterparts, but are | |
3485 | prefixed with rd. | |
3486 | ||
3487 | * There's a new tool to analyze the readahead files that are | |
3488 | automatically generated at boot. Use: | |
3489 | ||
3490 | /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-readahead analyze /.readahead | |
3491 | ||
3492 | * We now provide an early debug shell on tty9 if this enabled. Use: | |
3493 | ||
d1f9edaf | 3494 | systemctl enable debug-shell.service |
b5b4c94a LP |
3495 | |
3496 | * All plymouth related units have been moved into the Plymouth | |
3497 | package. Please make sure to upgrade your Plymouth version | |
3498 | as well. | |
3499 | ||
3500 | * systemd-tmpfiles now supports getting passed the basename of | |
3501 | a configuration file only, in which case it will look for it | |
3502 | in all appropriate directories automatically. | |
3503 | ||
3504 | * udevadm info now takes a /dev or /sys path as argument, and | |
3505 | does the right thing. Example: | |
3506 | ||
3507 | udevadm info /dev/sda | |
3508 | udevadm info /sys/class/block/sda | |
3509 | ||
3510 | * systemctl now prints a warning if a unit is stopped but a | |
3511 | unit that might trigger it continues to run. Example: a | |
3512 | service is stopped but the socket that activates it is left | |
3513 | running. | |
3514 | ||
3515 | * "systemctl status" will now mention if the log output was | |
3516 | shortened due to rotation since a service has been started. | |
3517 | ||
3518 | * The journal API now exposes functions to determine the | |
3519 | "cutoff" times due to rotation. | |
3520 | ||
3521 | * journald now understands SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2 for triggering | |
3522 | immediately flushing of runtime logs to /var if possible, | |
3523 | resp. for triggering immediate rotation of the journal | |
3524 | files. | |
3525 | ||
3526 | * It is now considered an error if a service is attempted to | |
3527 | be stopped that is not loaded. | |
3528 | ||
3529 | * XDG_RUNTIME_DIR now uses numeric UIDs instead of usernames. | |
3530 | ||
3531 | * systemd-analyze now supports Python 3 | |
3532 | ||
3533 | * tmpfiles now supports cleaning up directories via aging | |
3534 | where the first level dirs are always kept around but | |
3535 | directories beneath it automatically aged. This is enabled | |
3536 | by prefixing the age field with '~'. | |
3537 | ||
3538 | * Seat objects now expose CanGraphical, CanTTY properties | |
3539 | which is required to deal with very fast bootups where the | |
3540 | display manager might be running before the graphics drivers | |
3541 | completed initialization. | |
3542 | ||
3543 | * Seat objects now expose a State property. | |
3544 | ||
3545 | * We now include RPM macros for service enabling/disabling | |
3546 | based on the preset logic. We recommend RPM based | |
3547 | distributions to make use of these macros if possible. This | |
3548 | makes it simpler to reuse RPM spec files across | |
3549 | distributions. | |
3550 | ||
3551 | * We now make sure that the collected systemd unit name is | |
3552 | always valid when services log to the journal via | |
3553 | STDOUT/STDERR. | |
3554 | ||
3555 | * There's a new man page kernel-command-line(7) detailing all | |
3556 | command line options we understand. | |
3557 | ||
3558 | * The fstab generator may now be disabled at boot by passing | |
3559 | fstab=0 on the kernel command line. | |
3560 | ||
91ac7425 | 3561 | * A new kernel command line option modules-load= is now understood |
b5b4c94a LP |
3562 | to load a specific kernel module statically, early at boot. |
3563 | ||
3564 | * Unit names specified on the systemctl command line are now | |
3565 | automatically escaped as needed. Also, if file system or | |
3566 | device paths are specified they are automatically turned | |
3567 | into the appropriate mount or device unit names. Example: | |
3568 | ||
3569 | systemctl status /home | |
3570 | systemctl status /dev/sda | |
3571 | ||
3572 | * The SysVConsole= configuration option has been removed from | |
3573 | system.conf parsing. | |
3574 | ||
3575 | * The SysV search path is no longer exported on the D-Bus | |
3576 | Manager object. | |
3577 | ||
3578 | * The Names= option is been removed from unit file parsing. | |
3579 | ||
3580 | * There's a new man page bootup(7) detailing the boot process. | |
3581 | ||
3582 | * Every unit and every generator we ship with systemd now | |
3583 | comes with full documentation. The self-explanatory boot is | |
3584 | complete. | |
3585 | ||
3586 | * A couple of services gained "systemd-" prefixes in their | |
3587 | name if they wrap systemd code, rather than only external | |
3588 | code. Among them fsck@.service which is now | |
3589 | systemd-fsck@.service. | |
3590 | ||
3591 | * The HaveWatchdog property has been removed from the D-Bus | |
3592 | Manager object. | |
3593 | ||
3594 | * systemd.confirm_spawn= on the kernel command line should now | |
3595 | work sensibly. | |
3596 | ||
3597 | * There's a new man page crypttab(5) which details all options | |
3598 | we actually understand. | |
3599 | ||
3600 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --capability= switch to pass | |
3601 | additional capabilities to the container. | |
3602 | ||
3603 | * timedated will now read known NTP implementation unit names | |
5b00c016 | 3604 | from /usr/lib/systemd/ntp-units.d/*.list, |
b5b4c94a LP |
3605 | systemd-timedated-ntp.target has been removed. |
3606 | ||
3607 | * journalctl gained a new switch "-b" that lists log data of | |
3608 | the current boot only. | |
3609 | ||
3610 | * The notify socket is in the abstract namespace again, in | |
3611 | order to support daemons which chroot() at start-up. | |
3612 | ||
3613 | * There is a new Storage= configuration option for journald | |
3614 | which allows configuration of where log data should go. This | |
3615 | also provides a way to disable journal logging entirely, so | |
3616 | that data collected is only forwarded to the console, the | |
3617 | kernel log buffer or another syslog implementation. | |
3618 | ||
c4f1b862 | 3619 | * Many bugfixes and optimizations |
b5b4c94a | 3620 | |
2d938ac7 LP |
3621 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Colin Guthrie, Dave Reisner, |
3622 | David Strauss, Eelco Dolstra, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, | |
3623 | Lukas Nykryn, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Paul Menzel, | |
3624 | Shawn Landden, Tom Gundersen | |
b5b4c94a | 3625 | |
2d197285 | 3626 | CHANGES WITH 185: |
b6a86739 | 3627 | |
2d197285 KS |
3628 | * "systemctl help <unit>" now shows the man page if one is |
3629 | available. | |
3630 | ||
3631 | * Several new man pages have been added. | |
3632 | ||
b5b4c94a LP |
3633 | * MaxLevelStore=, MaxLevelSyslog=, MaxLevelKMsg=, |
3634 | MaxLevelConsole= can now be specified in | |
3635 | journald.conf. These options allow reducing the amount of | |
3636 | data stored on disk or forwarded by the log level. | |
2d197285 | 3637 | |
b5b4c94a LP |
3638 | * TimerSlackNSec= can now be specified in system.conf for |
3639 | PID1. This allows system-wide power savings. | |
2d197285 KS |
3640 | |
3641 | Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lauri Kasanen, | |
3642 | Lennart Poettering, Malte Starostik, Marc-Antoine Perennou, | |
3643 | Matthias Clasen | |
3644 | ||
4c8cd173 | 3645 | CHANGES WITH 184: |
b6a86739 | 3646 | |
4c8cd173 LP |
3647 | * logind is now capable of (optionally) handling power and |
3648 | sleep keys as well as the lid switch. | |
3649 | ||
3650 | * journalctl now understands the syntax "journalctl | |
3651 | /usr/bin/avahi-daemon" to get all log output of a specific | |
3652 | daemon. | |
3653 | ||
3654 | * CapabilityBoundingSet= in system.conf now also influences | |
3655 | the capability bound set of usermode helpers of the kernel. | |
3656 | ||
3657 | Contributions from: Daniel Drake, Daniel J. Walsh, Gert | |
3658 | Michael Kulyk, Harald Hoyer, Jean Delvare, Kay Sievers, | |
3659 | Lennart Poettering, Matthew Garrett, Matthias Clasen, Paul | |
3660 | Menzel, Shawn Landden, Tero Roponen, Tom Gundersen | |
3661 | ||
ea5943d3 | 3662 | CHANGES WITH 183: |
b6a86739 | 3663 | |
187076d4 LP |
3664 | * Note that we skipped 139 releases here in order to set the |
3665 | new version to something that is greater than both udev's | |
3666 | and systemd's most recent version number. | |
3667 | ||
194bbe33 KS |
3668 | * udev: all udev sources are merged into the systemd source tree now. |
3669 | All future udev development will happen in the systemd tree. It | |
3670 | is still fully supported to use the udev daemon and tools without | |
3671 | systemd running, like in initramfs or other init systems. Building | |
3672 | udev though, will require the *build* of the systemd tree, but | |
ea5943d3 | 3673 | udev can be properly *run* without systemd. |
07cd4fc1 | 3674 | |
91cf7e5c | 3675 | * udev: /lib/udev/devices/ are not read anymore; systemd-tmpfiles |
f13b388f KS |
3676 | should be used to create dead device nodes as workarounds for broken |
3677 | subsystems. | |
64661ee7 | 3678 | |
2d13da88 KS |
3679 | * udev: RUN+="socket:..." and udev_monitor_new_from_socket() is |
3680 | no longer supported. udev_monitor_new_from_netlink() needs to be | |
3681 | used to subscribe to events. | |
3682 | ||
194bbe33 KS |
3683 | * udev: when udevd is started by systemd, processes which are left |
3684 | behind by forking them off of udev rules, are unconditionally cleaned | |
3685 | up and killed now after the event handling has finished. Services or | |
3686 | daemons must be started as systemd services. Services can be | |
ea5943d3 | 3687 | pulled-in by udev to get started, but they can no longer be directly |
194bbe33 KS |
3688 | forked by udev rules. |
3689 | ||
f13b388f KS |
3690 | * udev: the daemon binary is called systemd-udevd now and installed |
3691 | in /usr/lib/systemd/. Standalone builds or non-systemd systems need | |
3692 | to adapt to that, create symlink, or rename the binary after building | |
3693 | it. | |
3694 | ||
ea5943d3 | 3695 | * libudev no longer provides these symbols: |
c1959569 KS |
3696 | udev_monitor_from_socket() |
3697 | udev_queue_get_failed_list_entry() | |
3698 | udev_get_{dev,sys,run}_path() | |
ea5943d3 | 3699 | The versions number was bumped and symbol versioning introduced. |
c1959569 | 3700 | |
ea5943d3 | 3701 | * systemd-loginctl and systemd-journalctl have been renamed |
9ae9afce | 3702 | to loginctl and journalctl to match systemctl. |
18b754d3 KS |
3703 | |
3704 | * The config files: /etc/systemd/systemd-logind.conf and | |
3705 | /etc/systemd/systemd-journald.conf have been renamed to | |
3706 | logind.conf and journald.conf. Package updates should rename | |
3707 | the files to the new names on upgrade. | |
3708 | ||
ea5943d3 LP |
3709 | * For almost all files the license is now LGPL2.1+, changed |
3710 | from the previous GPL2.0+. Exceptions are some minor stuff | |
3711 | of udev (which will be changed to LGPL2.1 eventually, too), | |
3712 | and the MIT licensed sd-daemon.[ch] library that is suitable | |
3713 | to be used as drop-in files. | |
3714 | ||
3715 | * systemd and logind now handle system sleep states, in | |
49f43d5f | 3716 | particular suspending and hibernating. |
ea5943d3 LP |
3717 | |
3718 | * logind now implements a sleep/shutdown/idle inhibiting logic | |
3719 | suitable for a variety of uses. Soonishly Lennart will blog | |
3720 | about this in more detail. | |
3721 | ||
3722 | * var-run.mount and var-lock.mount are no longer provided | |
3723 | (which prevously bind mounted these directories to their new | |
3724 | places). Distributions which have not converted these | |
3725 | directories to symlinks should consider stealing these files | |
3726 | from git history and add them downstream. | |
3727 | ||
3728 | * We introduced the Documentation= field for units and added | |
3729 | this to all our shipped units. This is useful to make it | |
3943231c | 3730 | easier to explore the boot and the purpose of the various |
ea5943d3 LP |
3731 | units. |
3732 | ||
3733 | * All smaller setup units (such as | |
3734 | systemd-vconsole-setup.service) now detect properly if they | |
3735 | are run in a container and are skipped when | |
3736 | appropriate. This guarantees an entirely noise-free boot in | |
3737 | Linux container environments such as systemd-nspawn. | |
3738 | ||
3739 | * A framework for implementing offline system updates is now | |
3740 | integrated, for details see: | |
3741 | http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/SystemUpdates | |
3742 | ||
3743 | * A new service type Type=idle is available now which helps us | |
3744 | avoiding ugly interleaving of getty output and boot status | |
3745 | messages. | |
3746 | ||
439d6dfd LP |
3747 | * There's now a system-wide CapabilityBoundingSet= option to |
3748 | globally reduce the set of capabilities for the | |
ea5943d3 LP |
3749 | system. This is useful to drop CAP_SYS_MKNOD, CAP_SYS_RAWIO, |
3750 | CAP_NET_RAW, CAP_SYS_MODULE, CAP_SYS_TIME, CAP_SYS_PTRACE or | |
3751 | even CAP_NET_ADMIN system-wide for secure systems. | |
3752 | ||
3753 | * There are now system-wide DefaultLimitXXX= options to | |
3754 | globally change the defaults of the various resource limits | |
3755 | for all units started by PID 1. | |
3756 | ||
3757 | * Harald Hoyer's systemd test suite has been integrated into | |
3758 | systemd which allows easy testing of systemd builds in qemu | |
3759 | and nspawn. (This is really awesome! Ask us for details!) | |
3760 | ||
3943231c LP |
3761 | * The fstab parser is now implemented as generator, not inside |
3762 | of PID 1 anymore. | |
ea5943d3 LP |
3763 | |
3764 | * systemctl will now warn you if .mount units generated from | |
3765 | /etc/fstab are out of date due to changes in fstab that | |
d28315e4 | 3766 | have not been read by systemd yet. |
ea5943d3 LP |
3767 | |
3768 | * systemd is now suitable for usage in initrds. Dracut has | |
3769 | already been updated to make use of this. With this in place | |
3770 | initrds get a slight bit faster but primarily are much | |
3771 | easier to introspect and debug since "systemctl status" in | |
3772 | the host system can be used to introspect initrd services, | |
3773 | and the journal from the initrd is kept around too. | |
3774 | ||
3775 | * systemd-delta has been added, a tool to explore differences | |
3776 | between user/admin configuration and vendor defaults. | |
3777 | ||
3778 | * PrivateTmp= now affects both /tmp and /var/tmp. | |
3779 | ||
3780 | * Boot time status messages are now much prettier and feature | |
3781 | proper english language. Booting up systemd has never been | |
3782 | so sexy. | |
3783 | ||
3784 | * Read-ahead pack files now include the inode number of all | |
3785 | files to pre-cache. When the inode changes the pre-caching | |
3786 | is not attempted. This should be nicer to deal with updated | |
3787 | packages which might result in changes of read-ahead | |
3788 | patterns. | |
3789 | ||
3790 | * We now temporaritly lower the kernel's read_ahead_kb variable | |
3791 | when collecting read-ahead data to ensure the kernel's | |
3792 | built-in read-ahead does not add noise to our measurements | |
3793 | of necessary blocks to pre-cache. | |
3794 | ||
3795 | * There's now RequiresMountsFor= to add automatic dependencies | |
3796 | for all mounts necessary for a specific file system path. | |
3797 | ||
3798 | * MountAuto= and SwapAuto= have been removed from | |
3799 | system.conf. Mounting file systems at boot has to take place | |
3800 | in systemd now. | |
3801 | ||
3802 | * nspawn now learned a new switch --uuid= to set the machine | |
3803 | ID on the command line. | |
3804 | ||
f8c0a2cb | 3805 | * nspawn now learned the -b switch to automatically search |
ea5943d3 LP |
3806 | for an init system. |
3807 | ||
3808 | * vt102 is now the default TERM for serial TTYs, upgraded from | |
3809 | vt100. | |
3810 | ||
3811 | * systemd-logind now works on VT-less systems. | |
3812 | ||
3813 | * The build tree has been reorganized. The individual | |
3943231c | 3814 | components now have directories of their own. |
ea5943d3 LP |
3815 | |
3816 | * A new condition type ConditionPathIsReadWrite= is now available. | |
3817 | ||
3818 | * nspawn learned the new -C switch to create cgroups for the | |
3819 | container in other hierarchies. | |
3820 | ||
3821 | * We now have support for hardware watchdogs, configurable in | |
3822 | system.conf. | |
3823 | ||
3824 | * The scheduled shutdown logic now has a public API. | |
3825 | ||
3826 | * We now mount /tmp as tmpfs by default, but this can be | |
3827 | masked and /etc/fstab can override it. | |
3828 | ||
d28315e4 | 3829 | * Since udisks does not make use of /media anymore we are not |
ea5943d3 LP |
3830 | mounting a tmpfs on it anymore. |
3831 | ||
3832 | * journalctl gained a new --local switch to only interleave | |
3833 | locally generated journal files. | |
3834 | ||
3835 | * We can now load the IMA policy at boot automatically. | |
3836 | ||
3837 | * The GTK tools have been split off into a systemd-ui. | |
3838 | ||
79849bf9 LP |
3839 | Contributions from: Andreas Schwab, Auke Kok, Ayan George, |
3840 | Colin Guthrie, Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Ward, Elan | |
3841 | Ruusamäe, Frederic Crozat, Gergely Nagy, Guillermo Vidal, | |
3842 | Hannes Reinecke, Harald Hoyer, Javier Jardón, Kay Sievers, | |
3843 | Lennart Poettering, Lucas De Marchi, Léo Gillot-Lamure, | |
3844 | Marc-Antoine Perennou, Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Maxim | |
3845 | A. Mikityanskiy, Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, Michal | |
3846 | Schmidt, Nis Martensen, Patrick McCarty, Roberto Sassu, Shawn | |
3847 | Landden, Sjoerd Simons, Sven Anders, Tollef Fog Heen, Tom | |
3848 | Gundersen | |
3849 | ||
16f1239e | 3850 | CHANGES WITH 44: |
b6a86739 | 3851 | |
16f1239e LP |
3852 | * This is mostly a bugfix release |
3853 | ||
3854 | * Support optional initialization of the machine ID from the | |
3855 | KVM or container configured UUID. | |
3856 | ||
3857 | * Support immediate reboots with "systemctl reboot -ff" | |
3858 | ||
3859 | * Show /etc/os-release data in systemd-analyze output | |
3860 | ||
ab06eef8 | 3861 | * Many bugfixes for the journal, including endianness fixes and |
16f1239e LP |
3862 | ensuring that disk space enforcement works |
3863 | ||
3864 | * sd-login.h is C++ comptaible again | |
3865 | ||
3866 | * Extend the /etc/os-release format on request of the Debian | |
3867 | folks | |
3868 | ||
3869 | * We now refuse non-UTF8 strings used in various configuration | |
d28315e4 | 3870 | and unit files. This is done to ensure we do not pass invalid |
16f1239e LP |
3871 | data over D-Bus or expose it elsewhere. |
3872 | ||
3873 | * Register Mimo USB Screens as suitable for automatic seat | |
3874 | configuration | |
3875 | ||
3876 | * Read SELinux client context from journal clients in a race | |
3877 | free fashion | |
3878 | ||
3879 | * Reorder configuration file lookup order. /etc now always | |
3880 | overrides /run in order to allow the administrator to always | |
3881 | and unconditionally override vendor supplied or | |
3882 | automatically generated data. | |
3883 | ||
3884 | * The various user visible bits of the journal now have man | |
3885 | pages. We still lack man pages for the journal API calls | |
3886 | however. | |
3887 | ||
3888 | * We now ship all man pages in HTML format again in the | |
3889 | tarball. | |
3890 | ||
3891 | Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Dirk Eibach, Frederic | |
3892 | Crozat, Harald Hoyer, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Marti | |
3893 | Raudsepp, Michal Schmidt, Shawn Landden, Tero Roponen, Thierry | |
3894 | Reding | |
3895 | ||
437b7dee | 3896 | CHANGES WITH 43: |
b6a86739 | 3897 | |
437b7dee LP |
3898 | * This is mostly a bugfix release |
3899 | ||
3900 | * systems lacking /etc/os-release are no longer supported. | |
3901 | ||
3902 | * Various functionality updates to libsystemd-login.so | |
3903 | ||
3904 | * Track class of PAM logins to distuingish greeters from | |
3905 | normal user logins. | |
3906 | ||
3907 | Contributions from: Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Michael | |
3908 | Biebl | |
3909 | ||
204fa33c | 3910 | CHANGES WITH 42: |
b6a86739 | 3911 | |
204fa33c LP |
3912 | * This is an important bugfix release for v41. |
3913 | ||
3914 | * Building man pages is now optional which should be useful | |
3915 | for those building systemd from git but unwilling to install | |
3916 | xsltproc. | |
3917 | ||
3918 | * Watchdog support for supervising services is now usable. In | |
3919 | a future release support for hardware watchdogs | |
3920 | (i.e. /dev/watchdog) will be added building on this. | |
3921 | ||
3922 | * Service start rate limiting is now configurable and can be | |
3923 | turned off per service. When a start rate limit is hit a | |
3924 | reboot can automatically be triggered. | |
3925 | ||
3926 | * New CanReboot(), CanPowerOff() bus calls in systemd-logind. | |
3927 | ||
3928 | Contributions from: Benjamin Franzke, Bill Nottingham, | |
3929 | Frederic Crozat, Lennart Poettering, Michael Olbrich, Michal | |
3930 | Schmidt, Michał Górny, Piotr Drąg | |
3931 | ||
e0d25329 | 3932 | CHANGES WITH 41: |
b6a86739 | 3933 | |
e0d25329 KS |
3934 | * The systemd binary is installed /usr/lib/systemd/systemd now; |
3935 | An existing /sbin/init symlink needs to be adapted with the | |
3936 | package update. | |
3937 | ||
b13df964 LP |
3938 | * The code that loads kernel modules has been ported to invoke |
3939 | libkmod directly, instead of modprobe. This means we do not | |
3940 | support systems with module-init-tools anymore. | |
3941 | ||
3942 | * Watchdog support is now already useful, but still not | |
3943 | complete. | |
3944 | ||
3945 | * A new kernel command line option systemd.setenv= is | |
3946 | understood to set system wide environment variables | |
3947 | dynamically at boot. | |
3948 | ||
e9c1ea9d | 3949 | * We now limit the set of capabilities of systemd-journald. |
ccd07a08 | 3950 | |
353e12c2 LP |
3951 | * We now set SIGPIPE to ignore by default, since it only is |
3952 | useful in shell pipelines, and has little use in general | |
3953 | code. This can be disabled with IgnoreSIPIPE=no in unit | |
3954 | files. | |
3955 | ||
b13df964 LP |
3956 | Contributions from: Benjamin Franzke, Kay Sievers, Lennart |
3957 | Poettering, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Tom Gundersen, | |
3958 | William Douglas | |
3959 | ||
d26e4270 | 3960 | CHANGES WITH 40: |
b6a86739 | 3961 | |
d26e4270 LP |
3962 | * This is mostly a bugfix release |
3963 | ||
3964 | * We now expose the reason why a service failed in the | |
3965 | "Result" D-Bus property. | |
3966 | ||
3967 | * Rudimentary service watchdog support (will be completed over | |
3968 | the next few releases.) | |
3969 | ||
3970 | * When systemd forks off in order execute some service we will | |
3971 | now immediately changes its argv[0] to reflect which process | |
3972 | it will execute. This is useful to minimize the time window | |
3973 | with a generic argv[0], which makes bootcharts more useful | |
3974 | ||
b13df964 LP |
3975 | Contributions from: Alvaro Soliverez, Chris Paulson-Ellis, Kay |
3976 | Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, | |
3977 | Mike Kazantsev, Ray Strode | |
3978 | ||
220a21d3 | 3979 | CHANGES WITH 39: |
b6a86739 | 3980 | |
220a21d3 LP |
3981 | * This is mostly a test release, but incorporates many |
3982 | bugfixes. | |
3983 | ||
3984 | * New systemd-cgtop tool to show control groups by their | |
3985 | resource usage. | |
3986 | ||
3987 | * Linking against libacl for ACLs is optional again. If | |
3988 | disabled, support tracking device access for active logins | |
3989 | goes becomes unavailable, and so does access to the user | |
3990 | journals by the respective users. | |
3991 | ||
3992 | * If a group "adm" exists, journal files are automatically | |
3993 | owned by them, thus allow members of this group full access | |
3994 | to the system journal as well as all user journals. | |
3995 | ||
3996 | * The journal now stores the SELinux context of the logging | |
3997 | client for all entries. | |
3998 | ||
3999 | * Add C++ inclusion guards to all public headers | |
4000 | ||
4001 | * New output mode "cat" in the journal to print only text | |
4002 | messages, without any meta data like date or time. | |
4003 | ||
4004 | * Include tiny X server wrapper as a temporary stop-gap to | |
4005 | teach XOrg udev display enumeration. This is used by display | |
4006 | managers such as gdm, and will go away as soon as XOrg | |
4007 | learned native udev hotplugging for display devices. | |
4008 | ||
4009 | * Add new systemd-cat tool for executing arbitrary programs | |
4010 | with STDERR/STDOUT connected to the journal. Can also act as | |
4011 | BSD logger replacement, and does so by default. | |
4012 | ||
4013 | * Optionally store all locally generated coredumps in the | |
4014 | journal along with meta data. | |
4015 | ||
4016 | * systemd-tmpfiles learnt four new commands: n, L, c, b, for | |
4017 | writing short strings to files (for usage for /sys), and for | |
4018 | creating symlinks, character and block device nodes. | |
4019 | ||
4020 | * New unit file option ControlGroupPersistent= to make cgroups | |
4021 | persistent, following the mechanisms outlined in | |
4022 | http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PaxControlGroups | |
4023 | ||
4024 | * Support multiple local RTCs in a sane way | |
4025 | ||
4026 | * No longer monopolize IO when replaying readahead data on | |
4027 | rotating disks, since we might starve non-file-system IO to | |
4028 | death, since fanotify() will not see accesses done by blkid, | |
4029 | or fsck. | |
4030 | ||
d28315e4 | 4031 | * Do not show kernel threads in systemd-cgls anymore, unless |
220a21d3 LP |
4032 | requested with new -k switch. |
4033 | ||
4034 | Contributions from: Dan Horák, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
4035 | Poettering, Michal Schmidt | |
4036 | ||
4037 | CHANGES WITH 38: | |
b6a86739 | 4038 | |
220a21d3 LP |
4039 | * This is mostly a test release, but incorporates many |
4040 | bugfixes. | |
4041 | ||
4042 | * The git repository moved to: | |
4043 | git://anongit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd | |
4044 | ssh://git.freedesktop.org/git/systemd/systemd | |
4045 | ||
4046 | * First release with the journal | |
4047 | http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/the-journal.html | |
4048 | ||
4049 | * The journal replaces both systemd-kmsg-syslogd and | |
4050 | systemd-stdout-bridge. | |
4051 | ||
4052 | * New sd_pid_get_unit() API call in libsystemd-logind | |
4053 | ||
4054 | * Many systemadm clean-ups | |
4055 | ||
4056 | * Introduce remote-fs-pre.target which is ordered before all | |
4057 | remote mounts and may be used to start services before all | |
4058 | remote mounts. | |
4059 | ||
4060 | * Added Mageia support | |
4061 | ||
4062 | * Add bash completion for systemd-loginctl | |
4063 | ||
4064 | * Actively monitor PID file creation for daemons which exit in | |
4065 | the parent process before having finished writing the PID | |
4066 | file in the daemon process. Daemons which do this need to be | |
4067 | fixed (i.e. PID file creation must have finished before the | |
4068 | parent exits), but we now react a bit more gracefully to them. | |
4069 | ||
4070 | * Add colourful boot output, mimicking the well-known output | |
4071 | of existing distributions. | |
4072 | ||
4073 | * New option PassCredentials= for socket units, for | |
4074 | compatibility with a recent kernel ABI breakage. | |
4075 | ||
4076 | * /etc/rc.local is now hooked in via a generator binary, and | |
4077 | thus will no longer act as synchronization point during | |
4078 | boot. | |
4079 | ||
4080 | * systemctl list-unit-files now supports --root=. | |
4081 | ||
4082 | * systemd-tmpfiles now understands two new commands: z, Z for | |
4083 | relabelling files according to the SELinux database. This is | |
4084 | useful to apply SELinux labels to specific files in /sys, | |
4085 | among other things. | |
4086 | ||
4087 | * Output of SysV services is now forwarded to both the console | |
4088 | and the journal by default, not only just the console. | |
4089 | ||
4090 | * New man pages for all APIs from libsystemd-login. | |
4091 | ||
4092 | * The build tree got reorganized and a the build system is a | |
4093 | lot more modular allowing embedded setups to specifically | |
4094 | select the components of systemd they are interested in. | |
4095 | ||
4096 | * Support for Linux systems lacking the kernel VT subsystem is | |
4097 | restored. | |
4098 | ||
4099 | * configure's --with-rootdir= got renamed to | |
4100 | --with-rootprefix= to follow the naming used by udev and | |
4101 | kmod | |
4102 | ||
d28315e4 | 4103 | * Unless specified otherwise we will now install to /usr instead |
220a21d3 LP |
4104 | of /usr/local by default. |
4105 | ||
4106 | * Processes with '@' in argv[0][0] are now excluded from the | |
4107 | final shut-down killing spree, following the logic explained | |
4108 | in: | |
4109 | http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/RootStorageDaemons | |
4110 | ||
4111 | * All processes remaining in a service cgroup when we enter | |
4112 | the START or START_PRE states are now killed with | |
4113 | SIGKILL. That means it is no longer possible to spawn | |
4114 | background processes from ExecStart= lines (which was never | |
4115 | supported anyway, and bad style). | |
4116 | ||
4117 | * New PropagateReloadTo=/PropagateReloadFrom= options to bind | |
4118 | reloading of units together. | |
4119 | ||
4c8cd173 | 4120 | Contributions from: Bill Nottingham, Daniel J. Walsh, Dave |
220a21d3 LP |
4121 | Reisner, Dexter Morgan, Gregs Gregs, Jonathan Nieder, Kay |
4122 | Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Michael Biebl, Michal Schmidt, | |
4123 | Michał Górny, Ran Benita, Thomas Jarosch, Tim Waugh, Tollef | |
4124 | Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek |