mkfs: use opts parameter during option parsing

[thirdparty/xfsprogs-dev.git] / mkfs / xfs_mkfs.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2005 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
 * All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it would be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc.,  51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
 */
#include "libfrog.h"
#include "libxfs.h"
#include <ctype.h>
#include "xfs_multidisk.h"
#include "libxcmd.h"



#define TERABYTES(count, blog)  ((uint64_t)(count) << (40 - (blog)))
#define GIGABYTES(count, blog)  ((uint64_t)(count) << (30 - (blog)))
#define MEGABYTES(count, blog)  ((uint64_t)(count) << (20 - (blog)))

/*
 * Use this macro before we have superblock and mount structure to
 * convert from basic blocks to filesystem blocks.
 */
#define DTOBT(d, bl)    ((xfs_rfsblock_t)((d) >> ((bl) - BBSHIFT)))

/*
 * amount (in bytes) we zero at the beginning and end of the device to
 * remove traces of other filesystems, raid superblocks, etc.
 */
#define WHACK_SIZE (128 * 1024)

/*
 * XXX: The configured block and sector sizes are defined as global variables so
 * that they don't need to be passed to getnum/cvtnum().
 */
unsigned int            blocksize;
unsigned int            sectorsize;

#define MAX_SUBOPTS     17
#define SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL        (-1LL)
#define MAX_CONFLICTS   8
#define LAST_CONFLICT   (-1)

/*
 * Table for parsing mkfs parameters.
 *
 * Description of the structure members follows:
 *
 * name MANDATORY
 *   Name is a single char, e.g., for '-d file', name is 'd'.
 *
 * subopts MANDATORY
 *   Subopts is a list of strings naming suboptions. In the example above,
 *   it would contain "file". The last entry of this list has to be NULL.
 *
 * subopt_params MANDATORY
 *   This is a list of structs tied with subopts. For each entry in subopts,
 *   a corresponding entry has to be defined:
 *
 * subopt_params struct:
 *   index MANDATORY
 *     This number, starting from zero, denotes which item in subopt_params
 *     it is. The index has to be the same as is the order in subopts list,
 *     so we can access the right item both in subopt_param and subopts.
 *
 *   seen INTERNAL
 *     Do not set this flag when definning a subopt. It is used to remeber that
 *     this subopt was already seen, for example for conflicts detection.
 *
 *   str_seen INTERNAL
 *     Do not set. It is used internally for respecification, when some options
 *     has to be parsed twice - at first as a string, then later as a number.
 *
 *   convert OPTIONAL
 *     A flag signalling whether the user-given value can use suffixes.
 *     If you want to allow the use of user-friendly values like 13k, 42G,
 *     set it to true.
 *
 *   is_power_2 OPTIONAL
 *     An optional flag for subopts where the given value has to be a power
 *     of two.
 *
 *   conflicts MANDATORY
 *     If your subopt is in a conflict with some other option, specify it.
 *     Accepts the .index values of the conflicting subopts and the last
 *     member of this list has to be LAST_CONFLICT.
 *
 *   minval, maxval OPTIONAL
 *     These options are used for automatic range check and they have to be
 *     always used together in pair. If you don't want to limit the max value,
 *     use something like UINT_MAX. If no value is given, then you must either
 *     supply your own validation, or refuse any value in the 'case
 *     X_SOMETHING' block. If you forget to define the min and max value, but
 *     call a standard function for validating user's value, it will cause an
 *     error message notifying you about this issue.
 *
 *     (Said in another way, you can't have minval and maxval both equal
 *     to zero. But if one value is different: minval=0 and maxval=1,
 *     then it is OK.)
 *
 *   defaultval MANDATORY
 *     The value used if user specifies the subopt, but no value.
 *     If the subopt accepts some values (-d file=[1|0]), then this
 *     sets what is used with simple specifying the subopt (-d file).
 *     A special SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL can be used to require a user-given
 *     value in any case.
 */
struct opt_params {
        const char      name;
        const char      *subopts[MAX_SUBOPTS];

        struct subopt_param {
                int             index;
                bool            seen;
                bool            str_seen;
                bool            convert;
                bool            is_power_2;
                int             conflicts[MAX_CONFLICTS];
                long long       minval;
                long long       maxval;
                long long       defaultval;
        }               subopt_params[MAX_SUBOPTS];
};

struct opt_params bopts = {
        .name = 'b',
        .subopts = {
#define B_LOG           0
                "log",
#define B_SIZE          1
                "size",
                NULL
        },
        .subopt_params = {
                { .index = B_LOG,
                  .conflicts = { B_SIZE,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = XFS_MIN_BLOCKSIZE_LOG,
                  .maxval = XFS_MAX_BLOCKSIZE_LOG,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = B_SIZE,
                  .convert = true,
                  .is_power_2 = true,
                  .conflicts = { B_LOG,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = XFS_MIN_BLOCKSIZE,
                  .maxval = XFS_MAX_BLOCKSIZE,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
        },
};

struct opt_params dopts = {
        .name = 'd',
        .subopts = {
#define D_AGCOUNT       0
                "agcount",
#define D_FILE          1
                "file",
#define D_NAME          2
                "name",
#define D_SIZE          3
                "size",
#define D_SUNIT         4
                "sunit",
#define D_SWIDTH        5
                "swidth",
#define D_AGSIZE        6
                "agsize",
#define D_SU            7
                "su",
#define D_SW            8
                "sw",
#define D_SECTLOG       9
                "sectlog",
#define D_SECTSIZE      10
                "sectsize",
#define D_NOALIGN       11
                "noalign",
#define D_RTINHERIT     12
                "rtinherit",
#define D_PROJINHERIT   13
                "projinherit",
#define D_EXTSZINHERIT  14
                "extszinherit",
#define D_COWEXTSIZE    15
                "cowextsize",
                NULL
        },
        .subopt_params = {
                { .index = D_AGCOUNT,
                  .conflicts = { D_AGSIZE,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 1,
                  .maxval = XFS_MAX_AGNUMBER,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = D_FILE,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 0,
                  .maxval = 1,
                  .defaultval = 1,
                },
                { .index = D_NAME,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = D_SIZE,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .convert = true,
                  .minval = XFS_AG_MIN_BYTES,
                  .maxval = LLONG_MAX,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = D_SUNIT,
                  .conflicts = { D_NOALIGN,
                                 D_SU,
                                 D_SW,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 0,
                  .maxval = UINT_MAX,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = D_SWIDTH,
                  .conflicts = { D_NOALIGN,
                                 D_SU,
                                 D_SW,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 0,
                  .maxval = UINT_MAX,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = D_AGSIZE,
                  .conflicts = { D_AGCOUNT,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .convert = true,
                  .minval = XFS_AG_MIN_BYTES,
                  .maxval = XFS_AG_MAX_BYTES,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = D_SU,
                  .conflicts = { D_NOALIGN,
                                 D_SUNIT,
                                 D_SWIDTH,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .convert = true,
                  .minval = 0,
                  .maxval = UINT_MAX,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = D_SW,
                  .conflicts = { D_NOALIGN,
                                 D_SUNIT,
                                 D_SWIDTH,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 0,
                  .maxval = UINT_MAX,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = D_SECTLOG,
                  .conflicts = { D_SECTSIZE,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = XFS_MIN_SECTORSIZE_LOG,
                  .maxval = XFS_MAX_SECTORSIZE_LOG,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = D_SECTSIZE,
                  .conflicts = { D_SECTLOG,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .convert = true,
                  .is_power_2 = true,
                  .minval = XFS_MIN_SECTORSIZE,
                  .maxval = XFS_MAX_SECTORSIZE,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = D_NOALIGN,
                  .conflicts = { D_SU,
                                 D_SW,
                                 D_SUNIT,
                                 D_SWIDTH,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 0,
                  .maxval = 1,
                  .defaultval = 1,
                },
                { .index = D_RTINHERIT,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 1,
                  .maxval = 1,
                  .defaultval = 1,
                },
                { .index = D_PROJINHERIT,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 0,
                  .maxval = UINT_MAX,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = D_EXTSZINHERIT,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 0,
                  .maxval = UINT_MAX,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = D_COWEXTSIZE,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 0,
                  .maxval = UINT_MAX,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
        },
};


struct opt_params iopts = {
        .name = 'i',
        .subopts = {
#define I_ALIGN         0
                "align",
#define I_LOG           1
                "log",
#define I_MAXPCT        2
                "maxpct",
#define I_PERBLOCK      3
                "perblock",
#define I_SIZE          4
                "size",
#define I_ATTR          5
                "attr",
#define I_PROJID32BIT   6
                "projid32bit",
#define I_SPINODES      7
                "sparse",
                NULL
        },
        .subopt_params = {
                { .index = I_ALIGN,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 0,
                  .maxval = 1,
                  .defaultval = 1,
                },
                { .index = I_LOG,
                  .conflicts = { I_PERBLOCK,
                                 I_SIZE,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = XFS_DINODE_MIN_LOG,
                  .maxval = XFS_DINODE_MAX_LOG,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = I_MAXPCT,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 0,
                  .maxval = 100,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = I_PERBLOCK,
                  .conflicts = { I_LOG,
                                 I_SIZE,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .is_power_2 = true,
                  .minval = XFS_MIN_INODE_PERBLOCK,
                  .maxval = XFS_MAX_BLOCKSIZE / XFS_DINODE_MIN_SIZE,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = I_SIZE,
                  .conflicts = { I_PERBLOCK,
                                 I_LOG,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .is_power_2 = true,
                  .minval = XFS_DINODE_MIN_SIZE,
                  .maxval = XFS_DINODE_MAX_SIZE,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = I_ATTR,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 0,
                  .maxval = 2,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = I_PROJID32BIT,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 0,
                  .maxval = 1,
                  .defaultval = 1,
                },
                { .index = I_SPINODES,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 0,
                  .maxval = 1,
                  .defaultval = 1,
                },
        },
};

struct opt_params lopts = {
        .name = 'l',
        .subopts = {
#define L_AGNUM         0
                "agnum",
#define L_INTERNAL      1
                "internal",
#define L_SIZE          2
                "size",
#define L_VERSION       3
                "version",
#define L_SUNIT         4
                "sunit",
#define L_SU            5
                "su",
#define L_DEV           6
                "logdev",
#define L_SECTLOG       7
                "sectlog",
#define L_SECTSIZE      8
                "sectsize",
#define L_FILE          9
                "file",
#define L_NAME          10
                "name",
#define L_LAZYSBCNTR    11
                "lazy-count",
                NULL
        },
        .subopt_params = {
                { .index = L_AGNUM,
                  .conflicts = { L_DEV,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 0,
                  .maxval = UINT_MAX,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = L_INTERNAL,
                  .conflicts = { L_FILE,
                                 L_DEV,
                                 L_SECTLOG,
                                 L_SECTSIZE,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 0,
                  .maxval = 1,
                  .defaultval = 1,
                },
                { .index = L_SIZE,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .convert = true,
                  .minval = 2 * 1024 * 1024LL,  /* XXX: XFS_MIN_LOG_BYTES */
                  .maxval = XFS_MAX_LOG_BYTES,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = L_VERSION,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 1,
                  .maxval = 2,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = L_SUNIT,
                  .conflicts = { L_SU,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 1,
                  .maxval = BTOBB(XLOG_MAX_RECORD_BSIZE),
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = L_SU,
                  .conflicts = { L_SUNIT,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .convert = true,
                  .minval = BBTOB(1),
                  .maxval = XLOG_MAX_RECORD_BSIZE,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = L_DEV,
                  .conflicts = { L_AGNUM,
                                 L_INTERNAL,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = L_SECTLOG,
                  .conflicts = { L_SECTSIZE,
                                 L_INTERNAL,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = XFS_MIN_SECTORSIZE_LOG,
                  .maxval = XFS_MAX_SECTORSIZE_LOG,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = L_SECTSIZE,
                  .conflicts = { L_SECTLOG,
                                 L_INTERNAL,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .convert = true,
                  .is_power_2 = true,
                  .minval = XFS_MIN_SECTORSIZE,
                  .maxval = XFS_MAX_SECTORSIZE,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = L_FILE,
                  .conflicts = { L_INTERNAL,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 0,
                  .maxval = 1,
                  .defaultval = 1,
                },
                { .index = L_NAME,
                  .conflicts = { L_AGNUM,
                                 L_INTERNAL,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = L_LAZYSBCNTR,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 0,
                  .maxval = 1,
                  .defaultval = 1,
                },
        },
};

struct opt_params nopts = {
        .name = 'n',
        .subopts = {
#define N_LOG           0
                "log",
#define N_SIZE          1
                "size",
#define N_VERSION       2
                "version",
#define N_FTYPE         3
                "ftype",
        NULL,
        },
        .subopt_params = {
                { .index = N_LOG,
                  .conflicts = { N_SIZE,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = XFS_MIN_REC_DIRSIZE,
                  .maxval = XFS_MAX_BLOCKSIZE_LOG,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = N_SIZE,
                  .conflicts = { N_LOG,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .convert = true,
                  .is_power_2 = true,
                  .minval = 1 << XFS_MIN_REC_DIRSIZE,
                  .maxval = XFS_MAX_BLOCKSIZE,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = N_VERSION,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 2,
                  .maxval = 2,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = N_FTYPE,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 0,
                  .maxval = 1,
                  .defaultval = 1,
                },
        },
};

struct opt_params ropts = {
        .name = 'r',
        .subopts = {
#define R_EXTSIZE       0
                "extsize",
#define R_SIZE          1
                "size",
#define R_DEV           2
                "rtdev",
#define R_FILE          3
                "file",
#define R_NAME          4
                "name",
#define R_NOALIGN       5
                "noalign",
                NULL
        },
        .subopt_params = {
                { .index = R_EXTSIZE,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .convert = true,
                  .minval = XFS_MIN_RTEXTSIZE,
                  .maxval = XFS_MAX_RTEXTSIZE,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = R_SIZE,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .convert = true,
                  .minval = 0,
                  .maxval = LLONG_MAX,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = R_DEV,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = R_FILE,
                  .minval = 0,
                  .maxval = 1,
                  .defaultval = 1,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                },
                { .index = R_NAME,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = R_NOALIGN,
                  .minval = 0,
                  .maxval = 1,
                  .defaultval = 1,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                },
        },
};

struct opt_params sopts = {
        .name = 's',
        .subopts = {
#define S_LOG           0
                "log",
#define S_SECTLOG       1
                "sectlog",
#define S_SIZE          2
                "size",
#define S_SECTSIZE      3
                "sectsize",
                NULL
        },
        .subopt_params = {
                { .index = S_LOG,
                  .conflicts = { S_SIZE,
                                 S_SECTSIZE,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = XFS_MIN_SECTORSIZE_LOG,
                  .maxval = XFS_MAX_SECTORSIZE_LOG,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = S_SECTLOG,
                  .conflicts = { S_SIZE,
                                 S_SECTSIZE,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = XFS_MIN_SECTORSIZE_LOG,
                  .maxval = XFS_MAX_SECTORSIZE_LOG,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = S_SIZE,
                  .conflicts = { S_LOG,
                                 S_SECTLOG,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .convert = true,
                  .is_power_2 = true,
                  .minval = XFS_MIN_SECTORSIZE,
                  .maxval = XFS_MAX_SECTORSIZE,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = S_SECTSIZE,
                  .conflicts = { S_LOG,
                                 S_SECTLOG,
                                 LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .convert = true,
                  .is_power_2 = true,
                  .minval = XFS_MIN_SECTORSIZE,
                  .maxval = XFS_MAX_SECTORSIZE,
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
        },
};

struct opt_params mopts = {
        .name = 'm',
        .subopts = {
#define M_CRC           0
                "crc",
#define M_FINOBT        1
                "finobt",
#define M_UUID          2
                "uuid",
#define M_RMAPBT        3
                "rmapbt",
#define M_REFLINK       4
                "reflink",
                NULL
        },
        .subopt_params = {
                { .index = M_CRC,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 0,
                  .maxval = 1,
                  .defaultval = 1,
                },
                { .index = M_FINOBT,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 0,
                  .maxval = 1,
                  .defaultval = 1,
                },
                { .index = M_UUID,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .defaultval = SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL,
                },
                { .index = M_RMAPBT,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 0,
                  .maxval = 1,
                  .defaultval = 1,
                },
                { .index = M_REFLINK,
                  .conflicts = { LAST_CONFLICT },
                  .minval = 0,
                  .maxval = 1,
                  .defaultval = 1,
                },
        },
};

/* quick way of checking if a parameter was set on the CLI */
static bool
cli_opt_set(
        struct opt_params       *opts,
        int                     subopt)
{
        return opts->subopt_params[subopt].seen ||
               opts->subopt_params[subopt].str_seen;
}

/*
 * Options configured on the command line.
 *
 * This stores all the specific config parameters the user sets on the command
 * line. We do not use these values directly - they are inputs to the mkfs
 * geometry validation and override any default configuration value we have.
 *
 * We don't keep flags to indicate what parameters are set - if we need to check
 * if an option was set on the command line, we check the relevant entry in the
 * option table which records whether it was specified in the .seen and
 * .str_seen variables in the table.
 *
 * Some parameters are stored as strings for post-parsing after their dependent
 * options have been resolved (e.g. block size and sector size have been parsed
 * and validated).
 *
 * This allows us to check that values have been set without needing separate
 * flags for each value, and hence avoids needing to record and check for each
 * specific option that can set the value later on in the code. In the cases
 * where we don't have a cli_params structure around, the above cli_opt_set()
 * function can be used.
 */
struct sb_feat_args {
        int     log_version;
        int     attr_version;
        int     dir_version;
        bool    inode_align;            /* XFS_SB_VERSION_ALIGNBIT */
        bool    nci;                    /* XFS_SB_VERSION_BORGBIT */
        bool    lazy_sb_counters;       /* XFS_SB_VERSION2_LAZYSBCOUNTBIT */
        bool    parent_pointers;        /* XFS_SB_VERSION2_PARENTBIT */
        bool    projid32bit;            /* XFS_SB_VERSION2_PROJID32BIT */
        bool    crcs_enabled;           /* XFS_SB_VERSION2_CRCBIT */
        bool    dirftype;               /* XFS_SB_VERSION2_FTYPE */
        bool    finobt;                 /* XFS_SB_FEAT_RO_COMPAT_FINOBT */
        bool    spinodes;               /* XFS_SB_FEAT_INCOMPAT_SPINODES */
        bool    rmapbt;                 /* XFS_SB_FEAT_RO_COMPAT_RMAPBT */
        bool    reflink;                /* XFS_SB_FEAT_RO_COMPAT_REFLINK */
        bool    nodalign;
        bool    nortalign;
};

struct cli_params {
        int     sectorsize;
        int     blocksize;

        /* parameters that depend on sector/block size being validated. */
        char    *dsize;
        char    *agsize;
        char    *dsu;
        char    *dirblocksize;
        char    *logsize;
        char    *lsu;
        char    *rtextsize;
        char    *rtsize;

        /* parameters where 0 is a valid CLI value */
        int     dsunit;
        int     dswidth;
        int     dsw;
        int64_t logagno;
        int     loginternal;
        int     lsunit;

        /* parameters where 0 is not a valid value */
        int64_t agcount;
        int     dirblocklog;
        int     inodesize;
        int     inopblock;
        int     imaxpct;
        int     lsectorsize;
        uuid_t  uuid;

        /* feature flags that are set */
        struct sb_feat_args     sb_feat;

        /* root inode characteristics */
        struct fsxattr          fsx;

        /* libxfs device setup */
        struct libxfs_xinit     *xi;
};

/*
 * Calculated filesystem feature and geometry information.
 *
 * This structure contains the information we will use to create the on-disk
 * filesystem from. The validation and calculation code uses it to store all the
 * temporary and final config state for the filesystem.
 *
 * The information in this structure will contain a mix of validated CLI input
 * variables, default feature state and calculated values that are needed to
 * construct the superblock and other on disk features. These are all in one
 * place so that we don't have to pass handfuls of seemingly arbitrary variables
 * around to different functions to do the work we need to do.
 */
struct mkfs_params {
        int             blocksize;
        int             blocklog;
        int             sectorsize;
        int             sectorlog;
        int             lsectorsize;
        int             lsectorlog;
        int             dirblocksize;
        int             dirblocklog;
        int             inodesize;
        int             inodelog;
        int             inopblock;

        uint64_t        dblocks;
        uint64_t        logblocks;
        uint64_t        rtblocks;
        uint64_t        rtextblocks;
        uint64_t        rtextents;
        uint64_t        rtbmblocks;     /* rt bitmap blocks */

        int             dsunit;         /* in FSBs */
        int             dswidth;        /* in FSBs */
        int             lsunit;         /* in FSBs */

        uint64_t        agsize;
        uint64_t        agcount;

        int             imaxpct;

        bool            loginternal;
        uint64_t        logstart;
        uint64_t        logagno;

        uuid_t          uuid;
        char            *label;

        struct sb_feat_args     sb_feat;
};

/*
 * Default filesystem features and configuration values
 *
 * This structure contains the default mkfs values that are to be used when
 * a user does not specify the option on the command line. We do not use these
 * values directly - they are inputs to the mkfs geometry validation and
 * calculations.
 */
struct mkfs_default_params {
        char    *source;        /* where the defaults came from */

        int     sectorsize;
        int     blocksize;

        /* feature flags that are set */
        struct sb_feat_args     sb_feat;

        /* root inode characteristics */
        struct fsxattr          fsx;
};

static void __attribute__((noreturn))
usage( void )
{
        fprintf(stderr, _("Usage: %s\n\
/* blocksize */         [-b log=n|size=num]\n\
/* metadata */          [-m crc=0|1,finobt=0|1,uuid=xxx,rmapbt=0|1,reflink=0|1]\n\
/* data subvol */       [-d agcount=n,agsize=n,file,name=xxx,size=num,\n\
                            (sunit=value,swidth=value|su=num,sw=num|noalign),\n\
                            sectlog=n|sectsize=num\n\
/* force overwrite */   [-f]\n\
/* inode size */        [-i log=n|perblock=n|size=num,maxpct=n,attr=0|1|2,\n\
                            projid32bit=0|1,sparse=0|1]\n\
/* no discard */        [-K]\n\
/* log subvol */        [-l agnum=n,internal,size=num,logdev=xxx,version=n\n\
                            sunit=value|su=num,sectlog=n|sectsize=num,\n\
                            lazy-count=0|1]\n\
/* label */             [-L label (maximum 12 characters)]\n\
/* naming */            [-n log=n|size=num,version=2|ci,ftype=0|1]\n\
/* no-op info only */   [-N]\n\
/* prototype file */    [-p fname]\n\
/* quiet */             [-q]\n\
/* realtime subvol */   [-r extsize=num,size=num,rtdev=xxx]\n\
/* sectorsize */        [-s log=n|size=num]\n\
/* version */           [-V]\n\
                        devicename\n\
<devicename> is required unless -d name=xxx is given.\n\
<num> is xxx (bytes), xxxs (sectors), xxxb (fs blocks), xxxk (xxx KiB),\n\
      xxxm (xxx MiB), xxxg (xxx GiB), xxxt (xxx TiB) or xxxp (xxx PiB).\n\
<value> is xxx (512 byte blocks).\n"),
                progname);
        exit(1);
}

static void
conflict(
        char            opt,
        const char      *tab[],
        int             oldidx,
        int             newidx)
{
        fprintf(stderr, _("Cannot specify both -%c %s and -%c %s\n"),
                opt, tab[oldidx], opt, tab[newidx]);
        usage();
}


static void
illegal(
        const char      *value,
        const char      *opt)
{
        fprintf(stderr, _("Illegal value %s for -%s option\n"), value, opt);
        usage();
}

static int
ispow2(
        unsigned int    i)
{
        return (i & (i - 1)) == 0;
}

static void __attribute__((noreturn))
reqval(
        char            opt,
        const char      *tab[],
        int             idx)
{
        fprintf(stderr, _("-%c %s option requires a value\n"), opt, tab[idx]);
        usage();
}

static void
respec(
        char            opt,
        const char      *tab[],
        int             idx)
{
        fprintf(stderr, "-%c ", opt);
        if (tab)
                fprintf(stderr, "%s ", tab[idx]);
        fprintf(stderr, _("option respecified\n"));
        usage();
}

static void
unknown(
        char            opt,
        char            *s)
{
        fprintf(stderr, _("unknown option -%c %s\n"), opt, s);
        usage();
}

long long
cvtnum(
        unsigned int    blksize,
        unsigned int    sectsize,
        const char      *s)
{
        long long       i;
        char            *sp;
        int             c;

        i = strtoll(s, &sp, 0);
        if (i == 0 && sp == s)
                return -1LL;
        if (*sp == '\0')
                return i;

        if (sp[1] != '\0')
                return -1LL;

        if (*sp == 'b') {
                if (!blksize) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("Blocksize must be provided prior to using 'b' suffix.\n"));
                        usage();
                } else {
                        return i * blksize;
                }
        }
        if (*sp == 's') {
                if (!sectsize) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("Sectorsize must be specified prior to using 's' suffix.\n"));
                        usage();
                } else {
                        return i * sectsize;
                }
        }

        c = tolower(*sp);
        switch (c) {
        case 'e':
                i *= 1024LL;
                /* fall through */
        case 'p':
                i *= 1024LL;
                /* fall through */
        case 't':
                i *= 1024LL;
                /* fall through */
        case 'g':
                i *= 1024LL;
                /* fall through */
        case 'm':
                i *= 1024LL;
                /* fall through */
        case 'k':
                return i * 1024LL;
        default:
                break;
        }
        return -1LL;
}

static void
check_device_type(
        const char      *name,
        int             *isfile,
        bool            no_size,
        bool            no_name,
        int             *create,
        bool            force_overwrite,
        const char      *optname)
{
        struct stat statbuf;

        if (*isfile && (no_size || no_name)) {
                fprintf(stderr,
        _("if -%s file then -%s name and -%s size are required\n"),
                        optname, optname, optname);
                usage();
        }

        if (!name) {
                fprintf(stderr, _("No device name specified\n"));
                usage();
        }

        if (stat(name, &statbuf)) {
                if (errno == ENOENT && *isfile) {
                        if (create)
                                *create = 1;
                        return;
                }

                fprintf(stderr,
        _("Error accessing specified device %s: %s\n"),
                                name, strerror(errno));
                usage();
                return;
        }

        if (!force_overwrite && check_overwrite(name)) {
                fprintf(stderr,
        _("%s: Use the -f option to force overwrite.\n"),
                        progname);
                exit(1);
        }

        /*
         * We only want to completely truncate and recreate an existing file if
         * we were specifically told it was a file. Set the create flag only in
         * this case to trigger that behaviour.
         */
        if (S_ISREG(statbuf.st_mode)) {
                if (!*isfile)
                        *isfile = 1;
                else if (create)
                        *create = 1;
                return;
        }

        if (S_ISBLK(statbuf.st_mode)) {
                if (*isfile) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
        _("specified \"-%s file\" on a block device %s\n"),
                                optname, name);
                        usage();
                }
                return;
        }

        fprintf(stderr,
        _("specified device %s not a file or block device\n"),
                name);
        usage();
}

static void
validate_ag_geometry(
        int             blocklog,
        uint64_t        dblocks,
        uint64_t        agsize,
        uint64_t        agcount)
{
        if (agsize < XFS_AG_MIN_BLOCKS(blocklog)) {
                fprintf(stderr,
        _("agsize (%lld blocks) too small, need at least %lld blocks\n"),
                        (long long)agsize,
                        (long long)XFS_AG_MIN_BLOCKS(blocklog));
                usage();
        }

        if (agsize > XFS_AG_MAX_BLOCKS(blocklog)) {
                fprintf(stderr,
        _("agsize (%lld blocks) too big, maximum is %lld blocks\n"),
                        (long long)agsize,
                        (long long)XFS_AG_MAX_BLOCKS(blocklog));
                usage();
        }

        if (agsize > dblocks) {
                fprintf(stderr,
        _("agsize (%lld blocks) too big, data area is %lld blocks\n"),
                        (long long)agsize, (long long)dblocks);
                        usage();
        }

        if (agsize < XFS_AG_MIN_BLOCKS(blocklog)) {
                fprintf(stderr,
        _("too many allocation groups for size = %lld\n"),
                                (long long)agsize);
                fprintf(stderr, _("need at most %lld allocation groups\n"),
                        (long long)(dblocks / XFS_AG_MIN_BLOCKS(blocklog) +
                                (dblocks % XFS_AG_MIN_BLOCKS(blocklog) != 0)));
                usage();
        }

        if (agsize > XFS_AG_MAX_BLOCKS(blocklog)) {
                fprintf(stderr,
        _("too few allocation groups for size = %lld\n"), (long long)agsize);
                fprintf(stderr,
        _("need at least %lld allocation groups\n"),
                (long long)(dblocks / XFS_AG_MAX_BLOCKS(blocklog) +
                        (dblocks % XFS_AG_MAX_BLOCKS(blocklog) != 0)));
                usage();
        }

        /*
         * If the last AG is too small, reduce the filesystem size
         * and drop the blocks.
         */
        if ( dblocks % agsize != 0 &&
             (dblocks % agsize < XFS_AG_MIN_BLOCKS(blocklog))) {
                fprintf(stderr,
        _("last AG size %lld blocks too small, minimum size is %lld blocks\n"),
                        (long long)(dblocks % agsize),
                        (long long)XFS_AG_MIN_BLOCKS(blocklog));
                usage();
        }

        /*
         * If agcount is too large, make it smaller.
         */
        if (agcount > XFS_MAX_AGNUMBER + 1) {
                fprintf(stderr,
        _("%lld allocation groups is too many, maximum is %lld\n"),
                        (long long)agcount, (long long)XFS_MAX_AGNUMBER + 1);
                usage();
        }
}

static void
zero_old_xfs_structures(
        libxfs_init_t           *xi,
        xfs_sb_t                *new_sb)
{
        void                    *buf;
        xfs_sb_t                sb;
        uint32_t                bsize;
        int                     i;
        xfs_off_t               off;

        /*
         * We open regular files with O_TRUNC|O_CREAT. Nothing to do here...
         */
        if (xi->disfile && xi->dcreat)
                return;

        /*
         * read in existing filesystem superblock, use its geometry
         * settings and zero the existing secondary superblocks.
         */
        buf = memalign(libxfs_device_alignment(), new_sb->sb_sectsize);
        if (!buf) {
                fprintf(stderr,
        _("error reading existing superblock -- failed to memalign buffer\n"));
                return;
        }
        memset(buf, 0, new_sb->sb_sectsize);

        /*
         * If we are creating an image file, it might be of zero length at this
         * point in time. Hence reading the existing superblock is going to
         * return zero bytes. It's not a failure we need to warn about in this
         * case.
         */
        off = pread(xi->dfd, buf, new_sb->sb_sectsize, 0);
        if (off != new_sb->sb_sectsize) {
                if (!xi->disfile)
                        fprintf(stderr,
        _("error reading existing superblock: %s\n"),
                                strerror(errno));
                goto done;
        }
        libxfs_sb_from_disk(&sb, buf);

        /*
         * perform same basic superblock validation to make sure we
         * actually zero secondary blocks
         */
        if (sb.sb_magicnum != XFS_SB_MAGIC || sb.sb_blocksize == 0)
                goto done;

        for (bsize = 1, i = 0; bsize < sb.sb_blocksize &&
                        i < sizeof(sb.sb_blocksize) * NBBY; i++)
                bsize <<= 1;

        if (i < XFS_MIN_BLOCKSIZE_LOG || i > XFS_MAX_BLOCKSIZE_LOG ||
                        i != sb.sb_blocklog)
                goto done;

        if (sb.sb_dblocks > ((uint64_t)sb.sb_agcount * sb.sb_agblocks) ||
                        sb.sb_dblocks < ((uint64_t)(sb.sb_agcount - 1) *
                                         sb.sb_agblocks + XFS_MIN_AG_BLOCKS))
                goto done;

        /*
         * block size and basic geometry seems alright, zero the secondaries.
         */
        memset(buf, 0, new_sb->sb_sectsize);
        off = 0;
        for (i = 1; i < sb.sb_agcount; i++)  {
                off += sb.sb_agblocks;
                if (pwrite(xi->dfd, buf, new_sb->sb_sectsize,
                                        off << sb.sb_blocklog) == -1)
                        break;
        }
done:
        free(buf);
}

static void
discard_blocks(dev_t dev, uint64_t nsectors)
{
        int fd;

        /*
         * We intentionally ignore errors from the discard ioctl.  It is
         * not necessary for the mkfs functionality but just an optimization.
         */
        fd = libxfs_device_to_fd(dev);
        if (fd > 0)
                platform_discard_blocks(fd, 0, nsectors << 9);
}

static __attribute__((noreturn)) void
illegal_option(
        const char              *value,
        struct opt_params       *opts,
        int                     index,
        const char              *reason)
{
        fprintf(stderr,
                _("Illegal value %s for -%c %s option. %s\n"),
                value, opts->name, opts->subopts[index],
                reason ? reason : "");
        usage();
}

/*
 * Check for conflicts and option respecification.
 */
static void
check_opt(
        struct opt_params       *opts,
        int                     index,
        bool                    str_seen)
{
        struct subopt_param     *sp = &opts->subopt_params[index];
        int                     i;

        if (sp->index != index) {
                fprintf(stderr,
        _("Developer screwed up option parsing (%d/%d)! Please report!\n"),
                        sp->index, index);
                reqval(opts->name, opts->subopts, index);
        }

        /*
         * Check for respecification of the option. This is more complex than it
         * seems because some options are parsed twice - once as a string during
         * input parsing, then later the string is passed to getnum for
         * conversion into a number and bounds checking. Hence the two variables
         * used to track the different uses based on the @str parameter passed
         * to us.
         */
        if (!str_seen) {
                if (sp->seen)
                        respec(opts->name, opts->subopts, index);
                sp->seen = true;
        } else {
                if (sp->str_seen)
                        respec(opts->name, opts->subopts, index);
                sp->str_seen = true;
        }

        /* check for conflicts with the option */
        for (i = 0; i < MAX_CONFLICTS; i++) {
                int conflict_opt = sp->conflicts[i];

                if (conflict_opt == LAST_CONFLICT)
                        break;
                if (opts->subopt_params[conflict_opt].seen ||
                    opts->subopt_params[conflict_opt].str_seen)
                        conflict(opts->name, opts->subopts,
                                 conflict_opt, index);
        }
}

static long long
getnum(
        const char              *str,
        struct opt_params       *opts,
        int                     index)
{
        struct subopt_param     *sp = &opts->subopt_params[index];
        long long               c;

        check_opt(opts, index, false);
        /* empty strings might just return a default value */
        if (!str || *str == '\0') {
                if (sp->defaultval == SUBOPT_NEEDS_VAL)
                        reqval(opts->name, opts->subopts, index);
                return sp->defaultval;
        }

        if (sp->minval == 0 && sp->maxval == 0) {
                fprintf(stderr,
                        _("Option -%c %s has undefined minval/maxval."
                          "Can't verify value range. This is a bug.\n"),
                        opts->name, opts->subopts[index]);
                exit(1);
        }

        /*
         * Some values are pure numbers, others can have suffixes that define
         * the units of the number. Those get passed to cvtnum(), otherwise we
         * convert it ourselves to guarantee there is no trailing garbage in the
         * number.
         */
        if (sp->convert)
                c = cvtnum(blocksize, sectorsize, str);
        else {
                char            *str_end;

                c = strtoll(str, &str_end, 0);
                if (c == 0 && str_end == str)
                        illegal_option(str, opts, index, NULL);
                if (*str_end != '\0')
                        illegal_option(str, opts, index, NULL);
        }

        /* Validity check the result. */
        if (c < sp->minval)
                illegal_option(str, opts, index, _("value is too small"));
        else if (c > sp->maxval)
                illegal_option(str, opts, index, _("value is too large"));
        if (sp->is_power_2 && !ispow2(c))
                illegal_option(str, opts, index, _("value must be a power of 2"));
        return c;
}

/*
 * Option is a string - do all the option table work, and check there
 * is actually an option string. Otherwise we don't do anything with the string
 * here - validation will be done later when the string is converted to a value
 * or used as a file/device path.
 */
static char *
getstr(
        char                    *str,
        struct opt_params       *opts,
        int                     index)
{
        check_opt(opts, index, true);

        /* empty strings for string options are not valid */
        if (!str || *str == '\0')
                reqval(opts->name, opts->subopts, index);
        return str;
}

static int
block_opts_parser(
        struct opt_params       *opts,
        int                     subopt,
        char                    *value,
        struct cli_params       *cli)
{
        int                     blocklog;

        switch (subopt) {
        case B_LOG:
                blocklog = getnum(value, opts, B_LOG);
                cli->blocksize = 1 << blocklog;
                break;
        case B_SIZE:
                cli->blocksize = getnum(value, opts, B_SIZE);
                break;
        default:
                return -EINVAL;
        }
        return 0;
}

static int
data_opts_parser(
        struct opt_params       *opts,
        int                     subopt,
        char                    *value,
        struct cli_params       *cli)
{
        int                     sectorlog;

        switch (subopt) {
        case D_AGCOUNT:
                cli->agcount = getnum(value, opts, D_AGCOUNT);
                break;
        case D_AGSIZE:
                cli->agsize = getstr(value, opts, D_AGSIZE);
                break;
        case D_FILE:
                cli->xi->disfile = getnum(value, opts, D_FILE);
                break;
        case D_NAME:
                cli->xi->dname = getstr(value, opts, D_NAME);
                break;
        case D_SIZE:
                cli->dsize = getstr(value, opts, D_SIZE);
                break;
        case D_SUNIT:
                cli->dsunit = getnum(value, opts, D_SUNIT);
                break;
        case D_SWIDTH:
                cli->dswidth = getnum(value, opts, D_SWIDTH);
                break;
        case D_SU:
                cli->dsu = getstr(value, opts, D_SU);
                break;
        case D_SW:
                cli->dsw = getnum(value, opts, D_SW);
                break;
        case D_NOALIGN:
                cli->sb_feat.nodalign = getnum(value, opts, D_NOALIGN);
                break;
        case D_SECTLOG:
                if (cli->sectorsize)
                        conflict('d', opts->subopts, D_SECTSIZE, D_SECTLOG);
                sectorlog = getnum(value, opts, D_SECTLOG);
                cli->sectorsize = 1 << sectorlog;
                break;
        case D_SECTSIZE:
                if (cli->sectorsize)
                        conflict('d', opts->subopts, D_SECTSIZE, D_SECTLOG);
                cli->sectorsize = getnum(value, opts, D_SECTSIZE);
                break;
        case D_RTINHERIT:
                if (getnum(value, opts, D_RTINHERIT))
                        cli->fsx.fsx_xflags |= XFS_DIFLAG_RTINHERIT;
                break;
        case D_PROJINHERIT:
                cli->fsx.fsx_projid = getnum(value, opts, D_PROJINHERIT);
                cli->fsx.fsx_xflags |= XFS_DIFLAG_PROJINHERIT;
                break;
        case D_EXTSZINHERIT:
                cli->fsx.fsx_extsize = getnum(value, opts, D_EXTSZINHERIT);
                cli->fsx.fsx_xflags |= XFS_DIFLAG_EXTSZINHERIT;
                break;
        case D_COWEXTSIZE:
                cli->fsx.fsx_cowextsize = getnum(value, opts, D_COWEXTSIZE);
                cli->fsx.fsx_xflags |= FS_XFLAG_COWEXTSIZE;
                break;
        default:
                return -EINVAL;
        }
        return 0;
}

static int
inode_opts_parser(
        struct opt_params       *opts,
        int                     subopt,
        char                    *value,
        struct cli_params       *cli)
{
        int                     inodelog;

        switch (subopt) {
        case I_ALIGN:
                cli->sb_feat.inode_align = getnum(value, opts, I_ALIGN);
                break;
        case I_LOG:
                inodelog = getnum(value, opts, I_LOG);
                cli->inodesize = 1 << inodelog;
                break;
        case I_MAXPCT:
                cli->imaxpct = getnum(value, opts, I_MAXPCT);
                break;
        case I_PERBLOCK:
                cli->inopblock = getnum(value, opts, I_PERBLOCK);
                break;
        case I_SIZE:
                cli->inodesize = getnum(value, opts, I_SIZE);
                break;
        case I_ATTR:
                cli->sb_feat.attr_version = getnum(value, opts, I_ATTR);
                break;
        case I_PROJID32BIT:
                cli->sb_feat.projid32bit = getnum(value, opts, I_PROJID32BIT);
                break;
        case I_SPINODES:
                cli->sb_feat.spinodes = getnum(value, opts, I_SPINODES);
                break;
        default:
                return -EINVAL;
        }
        return 0;
}

static int
log_opts_parser(
        struct opt_params       *opts,
        int                     subopt,
        char                    *value,
        struct cli_params       *cli)
{
        int                     lsectorlog;

        switch (subopt) {
        case L_AGNUM:
                cli->logagno = getnum(value, opts, L_AGNUM);
                break;
        case L_FILE:
                cli->xi->lisfile = getnum(value, opts, L_FILE);
                break;
        case L_INTERNAL:
                cli->loginternal = getnum(value, opts, L_INTERNAL);
                break;
        case L_SU:
                cli->lsu = getstr(value, opts, L_SU);
                break;
        case L_SUNIT:
                cli->lsunit = getnum(value, opts, L_SUNIT);
                break;
        case L_NAME:
        case L_DEV:
                cli->xi->logname = getstr(value, opts, L_NAME);
                cli->loginternal = 0;
                break;
        case L_VERSION:
                cli->sb_feat.log_version = getnum(value, opts, L_VERSION);
                break;
        case L_SIZE:
                cli->logsize = getstr(value, opts, L_SIZE);
                break;
        case L_SECTLOG:
                lsectorlog = getnum(value, opts, L_SECTLOG);
                cli->lsectorsize = 1 << lsectorlog;
                break;
        case L_SECTSIZE:
                cli->lsectorsize = getnum(value, opts, L_SECTSIZE);
                break;
        case L_LAZYSBCNTR:
                cli->sb_feat.lazy_sb_counters = getnum(value, opts, L_LAZYSBCNTR);
                break;
        default:
                return -EINVAL;
        }
        return 0;
}

static int
meta_opts_parser(
        struct opt_params       *opts,
        int                     subopt,
        char                    *value,
        struct cli_params       *cli)
{
        switch (subopt) {
        case M_CRC:
                cli->sb_feat.crcs_enabled = getnum(value, opts, M_CRC);
                if (cli->sb_feat.crcs_enabled)
                        cli->sb_feat.dirftype = true;
                break;
        case M_FINOBT:
                cli->sb_feat.finobt = getnum(value, opts, M_FINOBT);
                break;
        case M_UUID:
                if (!value || *value == '\0')
                        reqval('m', opts->subopts, M_UUID);
                if (platform_uuid_parse(value, &cli->uuid))
                        illegal(value, "m uuid");
                break;
        case M_RMAPBT:
                cli->sb_feat.rmapbt = getnum(value, opts, M_RMAPBT);
                break;
        case M_REFLINK:
                cli->sb_feat.reflink = getnum(value, opts, M_REFLINK);
                break;
        default:
                return -EINVAL;
        }
        return 0;
}

static int
naming_opts_parser(
        struct opt_params       *opts,
        int                     subopt,
        char                    *value,
        struct cli_params       *cli)
{
        switch (subopt) {
        case N_LOG:
                cli->dirblocklog = getnum(value, opts, N_LOG);
                break;
        case N_SIZE:
                cli->dirblocksize = getstr(value, opts, N_SIZE);
                break;
        case N_VERSION:
                value = getstr(value, &nopts, N_VERSION);
                if (!strcasecmp(value, "ci")) {
                        /* ASCII CI mode */
                        cli->sb_feat.nci = true;
                } else {
                        cli->sb_feat.dir_version = getnum(value, opts, N_VERSION);
                }
                break;
        case N_FTYPE:
                cli->sb_feat.dirftype = getnum(value, opts, N_FTYPE);
                break;
        default:
                return -EINVAL;
        }
        return 0;
}

static int
rtdev_opts_parser(
        struct opt_params       *opts,
        int                     subopt,
        char                    *value,
        struct cli_params       *cli)
{
        switch (subopt) {
        case R_EXTSIZE:
                cli->rtextsize = getstr(value, opts, R_EXTSIZE);
                break;
        case R_FILE:
                cli->xi->risfile = getnum(value, opts, R_FILE);
                break;
        case R_NAME:
        case R_DEV:
                cli->xi->rtname = getstr(value, opts, R_NAME);
                break;
        case R_SIZE:
                cli->rtsize = getstr(value, opts, R_SIZE);
                break;
        case R_NOALIGN:
                cli->sb_feat.nortalign = getnum(value, opts, R_NOALIGN);
                break;
        default:
                return -EINVAL;
        }
        return 0;
}

static int
sector_opts_parser(
        struct opt_params       *opts,
        int                     subopt,
        char                    *value,
        struct cli_params       *cli)
{
        int                     sectorlog;

        switch (subopt) {
        case S_LOG:
        case S_SECTLOG:
                if (cli->sectorsize)
                        conflict('s', opts->subopts, S_SECTSIZE, S_SECTLOG);
                sectorlog = getnum(value, opts, S_SECTLOG);
                cli->sectorsize = 1 << sectorlog;
                cli->lsectorsize = cli->sectorsize;
                break;
        case S_SIZE:
        case S_SECTSIZE:
                if (cli->sectorsize)
                        conflict('s', opts->subopts, S_SECTLOG, S_SECTSIZE);
                cli->sectorsize = getnum(value, opts, S_SECTSIZE);
                cli->lsectorsize = cli->sectorsize;
                break;
        default:
                return -EINVAL;
        }
        return 0;
}

struct subopts {
        char            opt;
        struct opt_params *opts;
        int             (*parser)();
} subopt_tab[] = {
        { 'b', &bopts, block_opts_parser },
        { 'd', &dopts, data_opts_parser },
        { 'i', &iopts, inode_opts_parser },
        { 'l', &lopts, log_opts_parser },
        { 'm', &mopts, meta_opts_parser },
        { 'n', &nopts, naming_opts_parser },
        { 'r', &ropts, rtdev_opts_parser },
        { 's', &sopts, sector_opts_parser },
        { '\0', NULL, NULL },
};

static void
parse_subopts(
        char            opt,
        char            *arg,
        struct cli_params *cli)
{
        struct subopts  *sop = &subopt_tab[0];
        char            *p;
        int             ret = 0;

        while (sop->opts) {
                if (sop->opt == opt)
                        break;
                sop++;
        }

        /* should never happen */
        if (!sop->opts)
                return;

        p = arg;
        while (*p != '\0') {
                char    **subopts = (char **)sop->opts->subopts;
                char    *value;
                int     subopt;

                subopt = getsubopt(&p, subopts, &value);

                ret = (sop->parser)(sop->opts, subopt, value, cli);
                if (ret)
                        unknown(opt, value);
        }
}

static void
validate_sectorsize(
        struct mkfs_params      *cfg,
        struct cli_params       *cli,
        struct mkfs_default_params *dft,
        struct fs_topology      *ft,
        char                    *dfile,
        int                     dry_run,
        int                     force_overwrite)
{
        /* set configured sector sizes in preparation for checks */
        if (!cli->sectorsize) {
                cfg->sectorsize = dft->sectorsize;
        } else {
                cfg->sectorsize = cli->sectorsize;
        }
        cfg->sectorlog = libxfs_highbit32(cfg->sectorsize);

        /*
         * Before anything else, verify that we are correctly operating on
         * files or block devices and set the control parameters correctly.
         */
        check_device_type(dfile, &cli->xi->disfile, !cli->dsize, !dfile,
                          dry_run ? NULL : &cli->xi->dcreat,
                          force_overwrite, "d");
        if (!cli->loginternal)
                check_device_type(cli->xi->logname, &cli->xi->lisfile,
                                  !cli->logsize, !cli->xi->logname,
                                  dry_run ? NULL : &cli->xi->lcreat,
                                  force_overwrite, "l");
        if (cli->xi->rtname)
                check_device_type(cli->xi->rtname, &cli->xi->risfile,
                                  !cli->rtsize, !cli->xi->rtname,
                                  dry_run ? NULL : &cli->xi->rcreat,
                                  force_overwrite, "r");

        /*
         * Explicitly disable direct IO for image files so we don't error out on
         * sector size mismatches between the new filesystem and the underlying
         * host filesystem.
         */
        if (cli->xi->disfile || cli->xi->lisfile || cli->xi->risfile)
                cli->xi->isdirect = 0;

        memset(ft, 0, sizeof(*ft));
        get_topology(cli->xi, ft, force_overwrite);

        if (!cli->sectorsize) {
                /*
                 * Unless specified manually on the command line use the
                 * advertised sector size of the device.  We use the physical
                 * sector size unless the requested block size is smaller
                 * than that, then we can use logical, but warn about the
                 * inefficiency.
                 *
                 * Set the topology sectors if they were not probed to the
                 * minimum supported sector size.
                 */

                if (!ft->lsectorsize)
                        ft->lsectorsize = XFS_MIN_SECTORSIZE;

                /* Older kernels may not have physical/logical distinction */
                if (!ft->psectorsize)
                        ft->psectorsize = ft->lsectorsize;

                cfg->sectorsize = ft->psectorsize;
                if (cfg->blocksize < cfg->sectorsize &&
                    cfg->blocksize >= ft->lsectorsize) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("specified blocksize %d is less than device physical sector size %d\n"
  "switching to logical sector size %d\n"),
                                cfg->blocksize, ft->psectorsize,
                                ft->lsectorsize);
                        cfg->sectorsize = ft->lsectorsize;
                }

                cfg->sectorlog = libxfs_highbit32(cfg->sectorsize);
        }

        /* validate specified/probed sector size */
        if (cfg->sectorsize < XFS_MIN_SECTORSIZE ||
            cfg->sectorsize > XFS_MAX_SECTORSIZE) {
                fprintf(stderr, _("illegal sector size %d\n"), cfg->sectorsize);
                usage();
        }

        if (cfg->blocksize < cfg->sectorsize) {
                fprintf(stderr,
_("block size %d cannot be smaller than sector size %d\n"),
                        cfg->blocksize, cfg->sectorsize);
                usage();
        }

        if (cfg->sectorsize < ft->lsectorsize) {
                fprintf(stderr, _("illegal sector size %d; hw sector is %d\n"),
                        cfg->sectorsize, ft->lsectorsize);
                usage();
        }
}

static void
validate_blocksize(
        struct mkfs_params      *cfg,
        struct cli_params       *cli,
        struct mkfs_default_params *dft)
{
        /*
         * Blocksize and sectorsize first, other things depend on them
         * For RAID4/5/6 we want to align sector size and block size,
         * so we need to start with the device geometry extraction too.
         */
        if (!cli->blocksize)
                cfg->blocksize = dft->blocksize;
        else
                cfg->blocksize = cli->blocksize;
        cfg->blocklog = libxfs_highbit32(cfg->blocksize);

        /* validate block sizes are in range */
        if (cfg->blocksize < XFS_MIN_BLOCKSIZE ||
            cfg->blocksize > XFS_MAX_BLOCKSIZE) {
                fprintf(stderr, _("illegal block size %d\n"), cfg->blocksize);
                usage();
        }

        if (cli->sb_feat.crcs_enabled &&
            cfg->blocksize < XFS_MIN_CRC_BLOCKSIZE) {
                fprintf(stderr,
_("Minimum block size for CRC enabled filesystems is %d bytes.\n"),
                        XFS_MIN_CRC_BLOCKSIZE);
                usage();
        }

}

/*
 * Grab log sector size and validate.
 *
 * XXX: should we probe sector size on external log device rather than using
 * the data device sector size?
 */
static void
validate_log_sectorsize(
        struct mkfs_params      *cfg,
        struct cli_params       *cli,
        struct mkfs_default_params *dft)
{

        if (cli->loginternal && cli->lsectorsize &&
            cli->lsectorsize != cfg->sectorsize) {
                fprintf(stderr,
_("Can't change sector size on internal log!\n"));
                usage();
        }

        if (cli->lsectorsize)
                cfg->lsectorsize = cli->lsectorsize;
        else if (cli->loginternal)
                cfg->lsectorsize = cfg->sectorsize;
        else
                cfg->lsectorsize = dft->sectorsize;
        cfg->lsectorlog = libxfs_highbit32(cfg->lsectorsize);

        if (cfg->lsectorsize < XFS_MIN_SECTORSIZE ||
            cfg->lsectorsize > XFS_MAX_SECTORSIZE ||
            cfg->lsectorsize > cfg->blocksize) {
                fprintf(stderr, _("illegal log sector size %d\n"),
                        cfg->lsectorsize);
                usage();
        }
        if (cfg->lsectorsize > XFS_MIN_SECTORSIZE) {
                if (cli->sb_feat.log_version < 2) {
                        /* user specified non-default log version */
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("Version 1 logs do not support sector size %d\n"),
                                cfg->lsectorsize);
                        usage();
                }
        }

        /* if lsu or lsunit was specified, automatically use v2 logs */
        if ((cli_opt_set(&lopts, L_SU) || cli_opt_set(&lopts, L_SUNIT)) &&
            cli->sb_feat.log_version == 1) {
                fprintf(stderr,
_("log stripe unit specified, using v2 logs\n"));
                cli->sb_feat.log_version = 2;
        }

}

/*
 * Check that the incoming features make sense. The CLI structure was
 * initialised with the default values before parsing, so we can just
 * check it and copy it straight across to the cfg structure if it
 * checks out.
 */
static void
validate_sb_features(
        struct mkfs_params      *cfg,
        struct cli_params       *cli)
{
        /*
         * Now we have blocks and sector sizes set up, check parameters that are
         * no longer optional for CRC enabled filesystems.  Catch them up front
         * here before doing anything else.
         */
        if (cli->sb_feat.crcs_enabled) {
                /* minimum inode size is 512 bytes, rest checked later */
                if (cli->inodesize &&
                    cli->inodesize < (1 << XFS_DINODE_DFL_CRC_LOG)) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("Minimum inode size for CRCs is %d bytes\n"),
                                1 << XFS_DINODE_DFL_CRC_LOG);
                        usage();
                }

                /* inodes always aligned */
                if (!cli->sb_feat.inode_align) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("Inodes always aligned for CRC enabled filesytems\n"));
                        usage();
                }

                /* lazy sb counters always on */
                if (!cli->sb_feat.lazy_sb_counters) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("Lazy superblock counted always enabled for CRC enabled filesytems\n"));
                        usage();
                }

                /* version 2 logs always on */
                if (cli->sb_feat.log_version != 2) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("V2 logs always enabled for CRC enabled filesytems\n"));
                        usage();
                }

                /* attr2 always on */
                if (cli->sb_feat.attr_version != 2) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("V2 attribute format always enabled on CRC enabled filesytems\n"));
                        usage();
                }

                /* 32 bit project quota always on */
                /* attr2 always on */
                if (!cli->sb_feat.projid32bit) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("32 bit Project IDs always enabled on CRC enabled filesytems\n"));
                        usage();
                }

                /* ftype always on */
                if (!cli->sb_feat.dirftype) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("Directory ftype field always enabled on CRC enabled filesytems\n"));
                        usage();
                }

        } else {
                /*
                 * The kernel doesn't currently support crc=0,finobt=1
                 * filesystems. If crcs are not enabled and the user has not
                 * explicitly turned finobt on, then silently turn it off to
                 * avoid an unnecessary warning.
                 * If the user explicitly tried to use crc=0,finobt=1,
                 * then issue an error.
                 * The same is also for sparse inodes.
                 */
                if (cli->sb_feat.finobt && cli_opt_set(&mopts, M_FINOBT)) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("finobt not supported without CRC support\n"));
                        usage();
                }
                cli->sb_feat.finobt = false;

                if (cli->sb_feat.spinodes) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("sparse inodes not supported without CRC support\n"));
                        usage();
                }
                cli->sb_feat.spinodes = false;

                if (cli->sb_feat.rmapbt) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("rmapbt not supported without CRC support\n"));
                        usage();
                }
                cli->sb_feat.rmapbt = false;

                if (cli->sb_feat.reflink) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("reflink not supported without CRC support\n"));
                        usage();
                }
                cli->sb_feat.reflink = false;
        }

        if ((cli->fsx.fsx_xflags & FS_XFLAG_COWEXTSIZE) &&
            !cli->sb_feat.reflink) {
                fprintf(stderr,
_("cowextsize not supported without reflink support\n"));
                usage();
        }

        if (cli->sb_feat.rmapbt && cli->xi->rtname) {
                fprintf(stderr,
_("rmapbt not supported with realtime devices\n"));
                usage();
                cli->sb_feat.rmapbt = false;
        }

        /*
         * Copy features across to config structure now.
         */
        cfg->sb_feat = cli->sb_feat;
        if (!platform_uuid_is_null(&cli->uuid))
                platform_uuid_copy(&cfg->uuid, &cli->uuid);
}

static void
validate_dirblocksize(
        struct mkfs_params      *cfg,
        struct cli_params       *cli)
{

        if (cli->dirblocksize)
                cfg->dirblocksize = getnum(cli->dirblocksize, &nopts, N_SIZE);
        if (cli->dirblocklog)
                cfg->dirblocksize = 1 << cli->dirblocklog;

        if (cfg->dirblocksize) {
                if (cfg->dirblocksize < cfg->blocksize ||
                    cfg->dirblocksize > XFS_MAX_BLOCKSIZE) {
                        fprintf(stderr, _("illegal directory block size %d\n"),
                                cfg->dirblocksize);
                        usage();
                }
                cfg->dirblocklog = libxfs_highbit32(cfg->dirblocksize);
                return;
        }

        /* use default size based on current block size */
        if (cfg->blocksize < (1 << XFS_MIN_REC_DIRSIZE))
                cfg->dirblocklog = XFS_MIN_REC_DIRSIZE;
        else
                cfg->dirblocklog = cfg->blocklog;
        cfg->dirblocksize = 1 << cfg->dirblocklog;
}

static void
validate_inodesize(
        struct mkfs_params      *cfg,
        struct cli_params       *cli)
{

        if (cli->inopblock)
                cfg->inodelog = cfg->blocklog - libxfs_highbit32(cli->inopblock);
        else if (cli->inodesize)
                cfg->inodelog = libxfs_highbit32(cli->inodesize);
        else if (cfg->sb_feat.crcs_enabled)
                cfg->inodelog = XFS_DINODE_DFL_CRC_LOG;
        else
                cfg->inodelog = XFS_DINODE_DFL_LOG;

        cfg->inodesize = 1 << cfg->inodelog;
        cfg->inopblock = cfg->blocksize / cfg->inodesize;

        /* input parsing has already validated non-crc inode size range */
        if (cfg->sb_feat.crcs_enabled &&
            cfg->inodelog < XFS_DINODE_DFL_CRC_LOG) {
                fprintf(stderr,
                _("Minimum inode size for CRCs is %d bytes\n"),
                        1 << XFS_DINODE_DFL_CRC_LOG);
                usage();
        }

        if (cfg->inodesize > cfg->blocksize / XFS_MIN_INODE_PERBLOCK ||
            cfg->inopblock < XFS_MIN_INODE_PERBLOCK ||
            cfg->inodesize < XFS_DINODE_MIN_SIZE ||
            cfg->inodesize > XFS_DINODE_MAX_SIZE) {
                int     maxsz;

                fprintf(stderr, _("illegal inode size %d\n"), cfg->inodesize);
                maxsz = MIN(cfg->blocksize / XFS_MIN_INODE_PERBLOCK,
                            XFS_DINODE_MAX_SIZE);
                if (XFS_DINODE_MIN_SIZE == maxsz)
                        fprintf(stderr,
                        _("allowable inode size with %d byte blocks is %d\n"),
                                cfg->blocksize, XFS_DINODE_MIN_SIZE);
                else
                        fprintf(stderr,
        _("allowable inode size with %d byte blocks is between %d and %d\n"),
                                cfg->blocksize, XFS_DINODE_MIN_SIZE, maxsz);
                exit(1);
        }
}

static xfs_rfsblock_t
calc_dev_size(
        char                    *size,
        struct mkfs_params      *cfg,
        struct opt_params       *opts,
        int                     sizeopt,
        char                    *type)
{
        uint64_t                dbytes;
        xfs_rfsblock_t          dblocks;

        if (!size)
                return 0;

        dbytes = getnum(size, opts, sizeopt);
        if (dbytes % XFS_MIN_BLOCKSIZE) {
                fprintf(stderr,
                _("illegal %s length %lld, not a multiple of %d\n"),
                        type, (long long)dbytes, XFS_MIN_BLOCKSIZE);
                usage();
        }
        dblocks = (xfs_rfsblock_t)(dbytes >> cfg->blocklog);
        if (dbytes % cfg->blocksize) {
                fprintf(stderr,
_("warning: %s length %lld not a multiple of %d, truncated to %lld\n"),
                        type, (long long)dbytes, cfg->blocksize,
                        (long long)(dblocks << cfg->blocklog));
        }
        return dblocks;
}

static void
validate_rtextsize(
        struct mkfs_params      *cfg,
        struct cli_params       *cli,
        struct fs_topology      *ft)
{
        uint64_t                rtextbytes;

        /*
         * If specified, check rt extent size against its constraints.
         */
        if (cli->rtextsize) {

                rtextbytes = getnum(cli->rtextsize, &ropts, R_EXTSIZE);
                if (rtextbytes % cfg->blocksize) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
                _("illegal rt extent size %lld, not a multiple of %d\n"),
                                (long long)rtextbytes, cfg->blocksize);
                        usage();
                }
                cfg->rtextblocks = (xfs_extlen_t)(rtextbytes >> cfg->blocklog);
        } else {
                /*
                 * If realtime extsize has not been specified by the user,
                 * and the underlying volume is striped, then set rtextblocks
                 * to the stripe width.
                 */
                uint64_t        rswidth;

                if (!cfg->sb_feat.nortalign && !cli->xi->risfile &&
                    !(!cli->rtsize && cli->xi->disfile))
                        rswidth = ft->rtswidth;
                else
                        rswidth = 0;

                /* check that rswidth is a multiple of fs blocksize */
                if (!cfg->sb_feat.nortalign && rswidth &&
                    !(BBTOB(rswidth) % cfg->blocksize)) {
                        rswidth = DTOBT(rswidth, cfg->blocklog);
                        rtextbytes = rswidth << cfg->blocklog;
                        if (rtextbytes > XFS_MIN_RTEXTSIZE &&
                            rtextbytes <= XFS_MAX_RTEXTSIZE) {
                                cfg->rtextblocks = rswidth;
                        }
                }
                if (!cfg->rtextblocks) {
                        cfg->rtextblocks = (cfg->blocksize < XFS_MIN_RTEXTSIZE)
                                        ? XFS_MIN_RTEXTSIZE >> cfg->blocklog
                                        : 1;
                }
        }
        ASSERT(cfg->rtextblocks);
}

/*
 * Validate the configured stripe geometry, or is none is specified, pull
 * the configuration from the underlying device.
 *
 * CLI parameters come in as different units, go out as filesystem blocks.
 */
static void
calc_stripe_factors(
        struct mkfs_params      *cfg,
        struct cli_params       *cli,
        struct fs_topology      *ft)
{
        int             dsunit = 0;
        int             dswidth = 0;
        int             lsunit = 0;
        int             dsu = 0;
        int             dsw = 0;
        int             lsu = 0;
        bool            use_dev = false;

        if (cli_opt_set(&dopts, D_SUNIT))
                dsunit = cli->dsunit;
        if (cli_opt_set(&dopts, D_SWIDTH))
                dswidth = cli->dswidth;

        if (cli_opt_set(&dopts, D_SU))
                dsu = getnum(cli->dsu, &dopts, D_SU);
        if (cli_opt_set(&dopts, D_SW))
                dsw = cli->dsw;

        /* data sunit/swidth options */
        if ((dsunit && !dswidth) || (!dsunit && dswidth)) {
                fprintf(stderr,
_("both data sunit and data swidth options must be specified\n"));
                usage();
        }

        /* convert dsu/dsw to dsunit/dswidth and use them from now on */
        if (dsu || dsw) {
                if ((dsu && !dsw) || (!dsu && dsw)) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("both data su and data sw options must be specified\n"));
                        usage();
                }

                if (dsu % cfg->sectorsize) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("data su must be a multiple of the sector size (%d)\n"), cfg->sectorsize);
                        usage();
                }

                dsunit  = (int)BTOBBT(dsu);
                dswidth = dsunit * dsw;
        }

        if (dsunit && (dswidth % dsunit != 0)) {
                fprintf(stderr,
_("data stripe width (%d) must be a multiple of the data stripe unit (%d)\n"),
                        dswidth, dsunit);
                usage();
        }

        /* If sunit & swidth were manually specified as 0, same as noalign */
        if ((cli_opt_set(&dopts, D_SUNIT) || cli_opt_set(&dopts, D_SU)) &&
            !dsunit && !dswidth)
                cfg->sb_feat.nodalign = true;

        /* if we are not using alignment, don't apply device defaults */
        if (cfg->sb_feat.nodalign) {
                cfg->dsunit = 0;
                cfg->dswidth = 0;
                goto check_lsunit;
        }

        /* if no stripe config set, use the device default */
        if (!dsunit) {
                dsunit = ft->dsunit;
                dswidth = ft->dswidth;
                use_dev = true;
        } else {
                /* check and warn is alignment is sub-optimal */
                if (ft->dsunit && ft->dsunit != dsunit) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("%s: Specified data stripe unit %d is not the same as the volume stripe unit %d\n"),
                                progname, dsunit, ft->dsunit);
                }
                if (ft->dswidth && ft->dswidth != dswidth) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("%s: Specified data stripe width %d is not the same as the volume stripe width %d\n"),
                                progname, dswidth, ft->dswidth);
                }
        }

        /*
         * now we have our stripe config, check it's a multiple of block
         * size.
         */
        if ((BBTOB(dsunit) % cfg->blocksize) ||
            (BBTOB(dswidth) % cfg->blocksize)) {
                /*
                 * If we are using device defaults, just clear them and we're
                 * good to go. Otherwise bail out with an error.
                 */
                if (!use_dev) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("%s: Stripe unit(%d) or stripe width(%d) is not a multiple of the block size(%d)\n"),
                                progname, BBTOB(dsunit), BBTOB(dswidth),
                                cfg->blocksize);
                        exit(1);
                }
                dsunit = 0;
                dswidth = 0;
                cfg->sb_feat.nodalign = true;
        }

        /* convert from 512 byte blocks to fs blocksize */
        cfg->dsunit = DTOBT(dsunit, cfg->blocklog);
        cfg->dswidth = DTOBT(dswidth, cfg->blocklog);

check_lsunit:
        /* log sunit options */
        if (cli_opt_set(&lopts, L_SUNIT))
                lsunit = cli->lsunit;
        else if (cli_opt_set(&lopts, L_SU))
                lsu = getnum(cli->lsu, &lopts, L_SU);
        else if (cfg->lsectorsize > XLOG_HEADER_SIZE)
                lsu = cfg->blocksize; /* lsunit matches filesystem block size */

        if (lsu) {
                /* verify if lsu is a multiple block size */
                if (lsu % cfg->blocksize != 0) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
        _("log stripe unit (%d) must be a multiple of the block size (%d)\n"),
                                lsu, cfg->blocksize);
                        usage();
                }
                lsunit = (int)BTOBBT(lsu);
        }
        if (BBTOB(lsunit) % cfg->blocksize != 0) {
                fprintf(stderr,
_("log stripe unit (%d) must be a multiple of the block size (%d)\n"),
                        BBTOB(lsunit), cfg->blocksize);
                usage();
        }

        /*
         * check that log sunit is modulo fsblksize or default it to dsunit.
         */
        if (lsunit) {
                /* convert from 512 byte blocks to fs blocks */
                cfg->lsunit = DTOBT(lsunit, cfg->blocklog);
        } else if (cfg->sb_feat.log_version == 2 &&
                   cfg->loginternal && cfg->dsunit) {
                /* lsunit and dsunit now in fs blocks */
                cfg->lsunit = cfg->dsunit;
        }

        if (cfg->sb_feat.log_version == 2 &&
            cfg->lsunit * cfg->blocksize > 256 * 1024) {
                /* Warn only if specified on commandline */
                if (cli->lsu || cli->lsunit != -1) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("log stripe unit (%d bytes) is too large (maximum is 256KiB)\n"
  "log stripe unit adjusted to 32KiB\n"),
                                (cfg->lsunit * cfg->blocksize));
                }
                /* XXX: 64k block size? */
                cfg->lsunit = (32 * 1024) / cfg->blocksize;
        }

}

static void
open_devices(
        struct mkfs_params      *cfg,
        struct libxfs_xinit     *xi,
        bool                    discard)
{
        uint64_t                sector_mask;

        /*
         * Initialize.  This will open the log and rt devices as well.
         */
        xi->setblksize = cfg->sectorsize;
        if (!libxfs_init(xi))
                usage();
        if (!xi->ddev) {
                fprintf(stderr, _("no device name given in argument list\n"));
                usage();
        }

        /*
         * Ok, Linux only has a 1024-byte resolution on device _size_,
         * and the sizes below are in basic 512-byte blocks,
         * so if we have (size % 2), on any partition, we can't get
         * to the last 512 bytes.  The same issue exists for larger
         * sector sizes - we cannot write past the last sector.
         *
         * So, we reduce the size (in basic blocks) to a perfect
         * multiple of the sector size, or 1024, whichever is larger.
         */
        sector_mask = (uint64_t)-1 << (MAX(cfg->sectorlog, 10) - BBSHIFT);
        xi->dsize &= sector_mask;
        xi->rtsize &= sector_mask;
        xi->logBBsize &= (uint64_t)-1 << (MAX(cfg->lsectorlog, 10) - BBSHIFT);


        if (!discard)
                return;

        if (!xi->disfile)
                discard_blocks(xi->ddev, xi->dsize);
        if (xi->rtdev && !xi->risfile)
                discard_blocks(xi->rtdev, xi->rtsize);
        if (xi->logdev && xi->logdev != xi->ddev && !xi->lisfile)
                discard_blocks(xi->logdev, xi->logBBsize);
}

static void
validate_datadev(
        struct mkfs_params      *cfg,
        struct cli_params       *cli)
{
        struct libxfs_xinit     *xi = cli->xi;

        if (!xi->dsize) {
                /*
                 * if the device is a file, we can't validate the size here.
                 * Instead, the file will be truncated to the correct length
                 * later on. if it's not a file, we've got a dud device.
                 */
                if (!xi->disfile) {
                        fprintf(stderr, _("can't get size of data subvolume\n"));
                        usage();
                }
                ASSERT(cfg->dblocks);
        } else if (cfg->dblocks) {
                /* check the size fits into the underlying device */
                if (cfg->dblocks > DTOBT(xi->dsize, cfg->blocklog)) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("size %s specified for data subvolume is too large, maximum is %lld blocks\n"),
                                cli->dsize,
                                (long long)DTOBT(xi->dsize, cfg->blocklog));
                        usage();
                }
        } else {
                /* no user size, so use the full block device */
                cfg->dblocks = DTOBT(xi->dsize, cfg->blocklog);
        }

        if (cfg->dblocks < XFS_MIN_DATA_BLOCKS) {
                fprintf(stderr,
_("size %lld of data subvolume is too small, minimum %d blocks\n"),
                        (long long)cfg->dblocks, XFS_MIN_DATA_BLOCKS);
                usage();
        }

        if (xi->dbsize > cfg->sectorsize) {
                fprintf(stderr, _(
"Warning: the data subvolume sector size %u is less than the sector size \n\
reported by the device (%u).\n"),
                        cfg->sectorsize, xi->dbsize);
        }
}

/*
 * This is more complex than it needs to be because we still support volume
 * based external logs. They are only discovered *after* the devices have been
 * opened, hence the crazy "is this really an internal log" checks here.
 */
static void
validate_logdev(
        struct mkfs_params      *cfg,
        struct cli_params       *cli,
        char                    **devname)
{
        struct libxfs_xinit     *xi = cli->xi;

        *devname = NULL;

        /* check for volume log first */
        if (cli->loginternal && xi->volname && xi->logdev) {
                *devname = _("volume log");
                cfg->loginternal = false;
        } else
                cfg->loginternal = cli->loginternal;

        /* now run device checks */
        if (cfg->loginternal) {
                if (xi->logdev) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("can't have both external and internal logs\n"));
                        usage();
                }

                /*
                 * if no sector size has been specified on the command line,
                 * use what has been configured and validated for the data
                 * device.
                 */
                if (!cli->lsectorsize) {
                        cfg->lsectorsize = cfg->sectorsize;
                        cfg->lsectorlog = cfg->sectorlog;
                }

                if (cfg->sectorsize != cfg->lsectorsize) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("data and log sector sizes must be equal for internal logs\n"));
                        usage();
                }
                if (cli->logsize && cfg->logblocks >= cfg->dblocks) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("log size %lld too large for internal log\n"),
                                (long long)cfg->logblocks);
                        usage();
                }
                *devname = _("internal log");
                return;
        }

        /* External/log subvolume checks */
        if (xi->logname)
                *devname = xi->logname;
        if (!*devname || !xi->logdev) {
                fprintf(stderr, _("no log subvolume or external log.\n"));
                usage();
        }

        if (!cfg->logblocks) {
                if (xi->logBBsize == 0) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("unable to get size of the log subvolume.\n"));
                        usage();
                }
                cfg->logblocks = DTOBT(xi->logBBsize, cfg->blocklog);
        } else if (cfg->logblocks > DTOBT(xi->logBBsize, cfg->blocklog)) {
                fprintf(stderr,
_("size %s specified for log subvolume is too large, maximum is %lld blocks\n"),
                        cli->logsize,
                        (long long)DTOBT(xi->logBBsize, cfg->blocklog));
                usage();
        }

        if (xi->lbsize > cfg->lsectorsize) {
                fprintf(stderr, _(
"Warning: the log subvolume sector size %u is less than the sector size\n\
reported by the device (%u).\n"),
                        cfg->lsectorsize, xi->lbsize);
        }
}

static void
validate_rtdev(
        struct mkfs_params      *cfg,
        struct cli_params       *cli,
        char                    **devname)
{
        struct libxfs_xinit     *xi = cli->xi;

        *devname = NULL;

        if (!xi->rtdev) {
                if (cli->rtsize) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("size specified for non-existent rt subvolume\n"));
                        usage();
                }

                *devname = _("none");
                cfg->rtblocks = 0;
                cfg->rtextents = 0;
                cfg->rtbmblocks = 0;
                return;
        }
        if (!xi->rtsize) {
                fprintf(stderr, _("Invalid zero length rt subvolume found\n"));
                usage();
        }

        /* volume rtdev */
        if (xi->volname)
                *devname = _("volume rt");
        else
                *devname = xi->rtname;

        if (cli->rtsize) {
                if (cfg->rtblocks > DTOBT(xi->rtsize, cfg->blocklog)) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("size %s specified for rt subvolume is too large, maxi->um is %lld blocks\n"),
                                cli->rtsize,
                                (long long)DTOBT(xi->rtsize, cfg->blocklog));
                        usage();
                }
                if (xi->rtbsize > cfg->sectorsize) {
                        fprintf(stderr, _(
"Warning: the realtime subvolume sector size %u is less than the sector size\n\
reported by the device (%u).\n"),
                                cfg->sectorsize, xi->rtbsize);
                }
        } else {
                /* grab volume size */
                cfg->rtblocks = DTOBT(xi->rtsize, cfg->blocklog);
        }

        cfg->rtextents = cfg->rtblocks / cfg->rtextblocks;
        cfg->rtbmblocks = (xfs_extlen_t)howmany(cfg->rtextents,
                                                NBBY * cfg->blocksize);
}

static void
calculate_initial_ag_geometry(
        struct mkfs_params      *cfg,
        struct cli_params       *cli)
{
        if (cli->agsize) {              /* User-specified AG size */
                cfg->agsize = getnum(cli->agsize, &dopts, D_AGSIZE);

                /*
                 * Check specified agsize is a multiple of blocksize.
                 */
                if (cfg->agsize % cfg->blocksize) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("agsize (%s) not a multiple of fs blk size (%d)\n"),
                                cli->agsize, cfg->blocksize);
                        usage();
                }
                cfg->agsize /= cfg->blocksize;
                cfg->agcount = cfg->dblocks / cfg->agsize +
                                (cfg->dblocks % cfg->agsize != 0);

        } else if (cli->agcount) {      /* User-specified AG count */
                cfg->agcount = cli->agcount;
                cfg->agsize = cfg->dblocks / cfg->agcount +
                                (cfg->dblocks % cfg->agcount != 0);
        } else {
                calc_default_ag_geometry(cfg->blocklog, cfg->dblocks,
                                         cfg->dsunit, &cfg->agsize,
                                         &cfg->agcount);
        }
}

/*
 * Align the AG size to stripe geometry. If this fails and we are using
 * discovered stripe geometry, tell the caller to clear the stripe geometry.
 * Otherwise, set the aligned geometry (valid or invalid!) so that the
 * validation call will fail and exit.
 */
static void
align_ag_geometry(
        struct mkfs_params      *cfg)
{
        uint64_t        tmp_agsize;
        int             dsunit = cfg->dsunit;

        if (!dsunit)
                goto validate;

        /*
         * agsize is not a multiple of dsunit
         */
        if ((cfg->agsize % dsunit) != 0) {
                /*
                 * Round up to stripe unit boundary. Also make sure
                 * that agsize is still larger than
                 * XFS_AG_MIN_BLOCKS(blocklog)
                 */
                tmp_agsize = ((cfg->agsize + dsunit - 1) / dsunit) * dsunit;
                /*
                 * Round down to stripe unit boundary if rounding up
                 * created an AG size that is larger than the AG max.
                 */
                if (tmp_agsize > XFS_AG_MAX_BLOCKS(cfg->blocklog))
                        tmp_agsize = (cfg->agsize / dsunit) * dsunit;

                if (tmp_agsize < XFS_AG_MIN_BLOCKS(cfg->blocklog) &&
                    tmp_agsize > XFS_AG_MAX_BLOCKS(cfg->blocklog)) {

                        /*
                         * If the AG size is invalid and we are using device
                         * probed stripe alignment, just clear the alignment
                         * and continue on.
                         */
                        if (!cli_opt_set(&dopts, D_SUNIT) &&
                            !cli_opt_set(&dopts, D_SU)) {
                                cfg->dsunit = 0;
                                cfg->dswidth = 0;
                                goto validate;
                        }
                        /*
                         * set the agsize to the invalid value so the following
                         * validation of the ag will fail and print a nice error
                         * and exit.
                         */
                        cfg->agsize = tmp_agsize;
                        goto validate;
                }

                /* update geometry to be stripe unit aligned */
                cfg->agsize = tmp_agsize;
                if (!cli_opt_set(&dopts, D_AGCOUNT))
                        cfg->agcount = cfg->dblocks / cfg->agsize +
                                        (cfg->dblocks % cfg->agsize != 0);
                if (cli_opt_set(&dopts, D_AGSIZE))
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("agsize rounded to %lld, sunit = %d\n"),
                                (long long)cfg->agsize, dsunit);
        }

        if ((cfg->agsize % cfg->dswidth) == 0 &&
            cfg->dswidth != cfg->dsunit &&
            cfg->agcount > 1) {

                if (cli_opt_set(&dopts, D_AGCOUNT) ||
                    cli_opt_set(&dopts, D_AGSIZE)) {
                        fprintf(stderr, _(
"Warning: AG size is a multiple of stripe width.  This can cause performance\n\
problems by aligning all AGs on the same disk.  To avoid this, run mkfs with\n\
an AG size that is one stripe unit smaller or larger, for example %llu.\n"),
                                (unsigned long long)cfg->agsize - dsunit);
                        goto validate;
                }

                /*
                 * This is a non-optimal configuration because all AGs start on
                 * the same disk in the stripe.  Changing the AG size by one
                 * sunit will guarantee that this does not happen.
                 */
                tmp_agsize = cfg->agsize - dsunit;
                if (tmp_agsize < XFS_AG_MIN_BLOCKS(cfg->blocklog)) {
                        tmp_agsize = cfg->agsize + dsunit;
                        if (cfg->dblocks < cfg->agsize) {
                                /* oh well, nothing to do */
                                tmp_agsize = cfg->agsize;
                        }
                }

                cfg->agsize = tmp_agsize;
                cfg->agcount = cfg->dblocks / cfg->agsize +
                                (cfg->dblocks % cfg->agsize != 0);
        }

validate:
        /*
         * If the last AG is too small, reduce the filesystem size
         * and drop the blocks.
         */
        if (cfg->dblocks % cfg->agsize != 0 &&
             (cfg->dblocks % cfg->agsize < XFS_AG_MIN_BLOCKS(cfg->blocklog))) {
                ASSERT(!cli_opt_set(&dopts, D_AGCOUNT));
                cfg->dblocks = (xfs_rfsblock_t)((cfg->agcount - 1) * cfg->agsize);
                cfg->agcount--;
                ASSERT(cfg->agcount != 0);
        }

        validate_ag_geometry(cfg->blocklog, cfg->dblocks,
                             cfg->agsize, cfg->agcount);
}

static void
calculate_imaxpct(
        struct mkfs_params      *cfg,
        struct cli_params       *cli)
{
        cfg->imaxpct = cli->imaxpct;
        if (cfg->imaxpct)
                return;

        /*
         * This returns the % of the disk space that is used for
         * inodes, it changes relatively to the FS size:
         *  - over  50 TB, use 1%,
         *  - 1TB - 50 TB, use 5%,
         *  - under  1 TB, use XFS_DFL_IMAXIMUM_PCT (25%).
         */

        if (cfg->dblocks < TERABYTES(1, cfg->blocklog))
                cfg->imaxpct = XFS_DFL_IMAXIMUM_PCT;
        else if (cfg->dblocks < TERABYTES(50, cfg->blocklog))
                cfg->imaxpct = 5;
        else
                cfg->imaxpct = 1;
}

/*
 * Set up the initial state of the superblock so we can start using the
 * libxfs geometry macros.
 */
static void
sb_set_features(
        struct mkfs_params      *cfg,
        struct xfs_sb           *sbp)
{
        struct sb_feat_args     *fp = &cfg->sb_feat;

        sbp->sb_versionnum = XFS_DFL_SB_VERSION_BITS;
        if (fp->crcs_enabled)
                sbp->sb_versionnum |= XFS_SB_VERSION_5;
        else
                sbp->sb_versionnum |= XFS_SB_VERSION_4;

        if (fp->inode_align) {
                int     cluster_size = XFS_INODE_BIG_CLUSTER_SIZE;

                sbp->sb_versionnum |= XFS_SB_VERSION_ALIGNBIT;
                if (cfg->sb_feat.crcs_enabled)
                        cluster_size *= cfg->inodesize / XFS_DINODE_MIN_SIZE;
                sbp->sb_inoalignmt = cluster_size >> cfg->blocklog;
        } else
                sbp->sb_inoalignmt = 0;

        if (cfg->dsunit)
                sbp->sb_versionnum |= XFS_SB_VERSION_DALIGNBIT;
        if (fp->log_version == 2)
                sbp->sb_versionnum |= XFS_SB_VERSION_LOGV2BIT;
        if (fp->attr_version == 1)
                sbp->sb_versionnum |= XFS_SB_VERSION_ATTRBIT;
        if (fp->nci)
                sbp->sb_versionnum |= XFS_SB_VERSION_BORGBIT;

        if (cfg->sectorsize > BBSIZE || cfg->lsectorsize > BBSIZE) {
                sbp->sb_versionnum |= XFS_SB_VERSION_SECTORBIT;
                sbp->sb_logsectlog = (uint8_t)cfg->lsectorlog;
                sbp->sb_logsectsize = (uint16_t)cfg->lsectorsize;
        } else {
                sbp->sb_logsectlog = 0;
                sbp->sb_logsectsize = 0;
        }

        sbp->sb_features2 = 0;
        if (fp->lazy_sb_counters)
                sbp->sb_features2 |= XFS_SB_VERSION2_LAZYSBCOUNTBIT;
        if (fp->projid32bit)
                sbp->sb_features2 |= XFS_SB_VERSION2_PROJID32BIT;
        if (fp->parent_pointers)
                sbp->sb_features2 |= XFS_SB_VERSION2_PARENTBIT;
        if (fp->crcs_enabled)
                sbp->sb_features2 |= XFS_SB_VERSION2_CRCBIT;
        if (fp->attr_version == 2)
                sbp->sb_features2 |= XFS_SB_VERSION2_ATTR2BIT;

        /* v5 superblocks have their own feature bit for dirftype */
        if (fp->dirftype && !fp->crcs_enabled)
                sbp->sb_features2 |= XFS_SB_VERSION2_FTYPE;

        /* update whether extended features are in use */
        if (sbp->sb_features2 != 0)
                sbp->sb_versionnum |= XFS_SB_VERSION_MOREBITSBIT;

        /*
         * Due to a structure alignment issue, sb_features2 ended up in one
         * of two locations, the second "incorrect" location represented by
         * the sb_bad_features2 field. To avoid older kernels mounting
         * filesystems they shouldn't, set both field to the same value.
         */
        sbp->sb_bad_features2 = sbp->sb_features2;

        if (!fp->crcs_enabled)
                return;

        /* default features for v5 filesystems */
        sbp->sb_features_compat = 0;
        sbp->sb_features_ro_compat = 0;
        sbp->sb_features_incompat = XFS_SB_FEAT_INCOMPAT_FTYPE;
        sbp->sb_features_log_incompat = 0;

        if (fp->finobt)
                sbp->sb_features_ro_compat = XFS_SB_FEAT_RO_COMPAT_FINOBT;
        if (fp->rmapbt)
                sbp->sb_features_ro_compat |= XFS_SB_FEAT_RO_COMPAT_RMAPBT;
        if (fp->reflink)
                sbp->sb_features_ro_compat |= XFS_SB_FEAT_RO_COMPAT_REFLINK;

        /*
         * Sparse inode chunk support has two main inode alignment requirements.
         * First, sparse chunk alignment must match the cluster size. Second,
         * full chunk alignment must match the inode chunk size.
         *
         * Copy the already calculated/scaled inoalignmt to spino_align and
         * update the former to the full inode chunk size.
         */
        if (fp->spinodes) {
                sbp->sb_spino_align = sbp->sb_inoalignmt;
                sbp->sb_inoalignmt = XFS_INODES_PER_CHUNK *
                                cfg->inodesize >> cfg->blocklog;
                sbp->sb_features_incompat |= XFS_SB_FEAT_INCOMPAT_SPINODES;
        }

}

/*
 * Make sure that the log size is a multiple of the stripe unit
 */
static void
align_log_size(
        struct mkfs_params      *cfg,
        int                     sunit)
{
        uint64_t        tmp_logblocks;

        /* nothing to do if it's already aligned. */
        if ((cfg->logblocks % sunit) == 0)
                return;

        if (cli_opt_set(&lopts, L_SIZE)) {
                fprintf(stderr,
_("log size %lld is not a multiple of the log stripe unit %d\n"),
                        (long long) cfg->logblocks, sunit);
                usage();
        }

        tmp_logblocks = ((cfg->logblocks + (sunit - 1)) / sunit) * sunit;

        /* If the log is too large, round down instead of round up */
        if ((tmp_logblocks > XFS_MAX_LOG_BLOCKS) ||
            ((tmp_logblocks << cfg->blocklog) > XFS_MAX_LOG_BYTES)) {
                tmp_logblocks = (cfg->logblocks / sunit) * sunit;
        }
        cfg->logblocks = tmp_logblocks;
}

/*
 * Make sure that the internal log is correctly aligned to the specified
 * stripe unit.
 */
static void
align_internal_log(
        struct mkfs_params      *cfg,
        struct xfs_mount        *mp,
        int                     sunit)
{
        /* round up log start if necessary */
        if ((cfg->logstart % sunit) != 0)
                cfg->logstart = ((cfg->logstart + (sunit - 1)) / sunit) * sunit;

        /* round up/down the log size now */
        align_log_size(cfg, sunit);

        /* check the aligned log still fits in an AG. */
        if (cfg->logblocks > cfg->agsize - XFS_FSB_TO_AGBNO(mp, cfg->logstart)) {
                fprintf(stderr,
_("Due to stripe alignment, the internal log size (%lld) is too large.\n"
  "Must fit within an allocation group.\n"),
                        (long long) cfg->logblocks);
                usage();
        }
}

void
validate_log_size(uint64_t logblocks, int blocklog, int min_logblocks)
{
        if (logblocks < min_logblocks) {
                fprintf(stderr,
        _("log size %lld blocks too small, minimum size is %d blocks\n"),
                        (long long)logblocks, min_logblocks);
                usage();
        }
        if (logblocks > XFS_MAX_LOG_BLOCKS) {
                fprintf(stderr,
        _("log size %lld blocks too large, maximum size is %lld blocks\n"),
                        (long long)logblocks, XFS_MAX_LOG_BLOCKS);
                usage();
        }
        if ((logblocks << blocklog) > XFS_MAX_LOG_BYTES) {
                fprintf(stderr,
        _("log size %lld bytes too large, maximum size is %lld bytes\n"),
                        (long long)(logblocks << blocklog), XFS_MAX_LOG_BYTES);
                usage();
        }
}

static void
calculate_log_size(
        struct mkfs_params      *cfg,
        struct cli_params       *cli,
        struct xfs_mount        *mp)
{
        struct sb_feat_args     *fp = &cfg->sb_feat;
        struct xfs_sb           *sbp = &mp->m_sb;
        int                     min_logblocks;

        min_logblocks = max_trans_res(sbp->sb_agblocks, fp->crcs_enabled,
                                      fp->dir_version, cfg->sectorlog,
                                      cfg->blocklog, cfg->inodelog,
                                      cfg->dirblocklog, fp->log_version,
                                      cfg->lsunit, fp->finobt, fp->rmapbt,
                                      fp->reflink, fp->inode_align);

        ASSERT(min_logblocks);
        min_logblocks = MAX(XFS_MIN_LOG_BLOCKS, min_logblocks);

        /* if we have lots of blocks, check against XFS_MIN_LOG_BYTES, too */
        if (!cli->logsize &&
            cfg->dblocks >= (1024*1024*1024) >> cfg->blocklog)
                min_logblocks = MAX(min_logblocks,
                                    XFS_MIN_LOG_BYTES >> cfg->blocklog);

        /*
         * external logs will have a device and size by now, so all we have
         * to do is validate it against minimum size and align it.
         */
        if (!cfg->loginternal) {
                if (min_logblocks > cfg->logblocks) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("external log device %lld too small, must be at least %lld blocks\n"),
                                (long long)cfg->logblocks,
                                (long long)min_logblocks);
                        usage();
                }
                cfg->logstart = 0;
                cfg->logagno = 0;
                if (cfg->lsunit)
                        align_log_size(cfg, cfg->lsunit);

                validate_log_size(cfg->logblocks, cfg->blocklog, min_logblocks);
                return;
        }

        /* internal log - if no size specified, calculate automatically */
        if (!cfg->logblocks) {
                if (cfg->dblocks < GIGABYTES(1, cfg->blocklog)) {
                        /* tiny filesystems get minimum sized logs. */
                        cfg->logblocks = min_logblocks;
                } else if (cfg->dblocks < GIGABYTES(16, cfg->blocklog)) {

                        /*
                         * For small filesystems, we want to use the
                         * XFS_MIN_LOG_BYTES for filesystems smaller than 16G if
                         * at all possible, ramping up to 128MB at 256GB.
                         */
                        cfg->logblocks = MIN(XFS_MIN_LOG_BYTES >> cfg->blocklog,
                                        min_logblocks * XFS_DFL_LOG_FACTOR);
                } else {
                        /*
                         * With a 2GB max log size, default to maximum size
                         * at 4TB. This keeps the same ratio from the older
                         * max log size of 128M at 256GB fs size. IOWs,
                         * the ratio of fs size to log size is 2048:1.
                         */
                        cfg->logblocks = (cfg->dblocks << cfg->blocklog) / 2048;
                        cfg->logblocks = cfg->logblocks >> cfg->blocklog;
                }

                /* Ensure the chosen size meets minimum log size requirements */
                cfg->logblocks = MAX(min_logblocks, cfg->logblocks);

                /*
                 * Make sure the log fits wholly within an AG
                 *
                 * XXX: If agf->freeblks ends up as 0 because the log uses all
                 * the free space, it causes the kernel all sorts of problems
                 * with per-ag reservations. Right now just back it off one
                 * block, but there's a whole can of worms here that needs to be
                 * opened to decide what is the valid maximum size of a log in
                 * an AG.
                 */
                cfg->logblocks = MIN(cfg->logblocks,
                                     libxfs_alloc_ag_max_usable(mp) - 1);

                /* and now clamp the size to the maximum supported size */
                cfg->logblocks = MIN(cfg->logblocks, XFS_MAX_LOG_BLOCKS);
                if ((cfg->logblocks << cfg->blocklog) > XFS_MAX_LOG_BYTES)
                        cfg->logblocks = XFS_MAX_LOG_BYTES >> cfg->blocklog;

                validate_log_size(cfg->logblocks, cfg->blocklog, min_logblocks);
        }

        if (cfg->logblocks > sbp->sb_agblocks - libxfs_prealloc_blocks(mp)) {
                fprintf(stderr,
_("internal log size %lld too large, must fit in allocation group\n"),
                        (long long)cfg->logblocks);
                usage();
        }

        if (cli_opt_set(&lopts, L_AGNUM)) {
                if (cli->logagno >= sbp->sb_agcount) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
_("log ag number %lld too large, must be less than %lld\n"),
                                (long long)cli->logagno,
                                (long long)sbp->sb_agcount);
                        usage();
                }
                cfg->logagno = cli->logagno;
        } else
                cfg->logagno = (xfs_agnumber_t)(sbp->sb_agcount / 2);

        cfg->logstart = XFS_AGB_TO_FSB(mp, cfg->logagno,
                                       libxfs_prealloc_blocks(mp));

        /*
         * Align the logstart at stripe unit boundary.
         */
        if (cfg->lsunit) {
                align_internal_log(cfg, mp, cfg->lsunit);
        } else if (cfg->dsunit) {
                align_internal_log(cfg, mp, cfg->dsunit);
        }
        validate_log_size(cfg->logblocks, cfg->blocklog, min_logblocks);
}

/*
 * Set up mount and superblock with the minimum parameters required for
 * the libxfs macros needed by the log sizing code to run successfully.
 */
static void
initialise_mount(
        struct mkfs_params      *cfg,
        struct xfs_mount        *mp,
        struct xfs_sb           *sbp)
{
        sbp->sb_blocklog = (uint8_t)cfg->blocklog;
        sbp->sb_sectlog = (uint8_t)cfg->sectorlog;
        sbp->sb_agblklog = (uint8_t)log2_roundup(cfg->agsize);
        sbp->sb_agblocks = (xfs_agblock_t)cfg->agsize;
        sbp->sb_agcount = (xfs_agnumber_t)cfg->agcount;
        mp->m_blkbb_log = sbp->sb_blocklog - BBSHIFT;
        mp->m_sectbb_log = sbp->sb_sectlog - BBSHIFT;

        /*
         * sb_versionnum, finobt and rmapbt flags must be set before we use
         * libxfs_prealloc_blocks().
         */
        sb_set_features(cfg, sbp);
}

static void
print_mkfs_cfg(
        struct mkfs_params      *cfg,
        char                    *dfile,
        char                    *logfile,
        char                    *rtfile)
{
        struct sb_feat_args     *fp = &cfg->sb_feat;

        printf(_(
"meta-data=%-22s isize=%-6d agcount=%lld, agsize=%lld blks\n"
"         =%-22s sectsz=%-5u attr=%u, projid32bit=%u\n"
"         =%-22s crc=%-8u finobt=%u, sparse=%u, rmapbt=%u, reflink=%u\n"
"data     =%-22s bsize=%-6u blocks=%llu, imaxpct=%u\n"
"         =%-22s sunit=%-6u swidth=%u blks\n"
"naming   =version %-14u bsize=%-6u ascii-ci=%d ftype=%d\n"
"log      =%-22s bsize=%-6d blocks=%lld, version=%d\n"
"         =%-22s sectsz=%-5u sunit=%d blks, lazy-count=%d\n"
"realtime =%-22s extsz=%-6d blocks=%lld, rtextents=%lld\n"),
                dfile, cfg->inodesize, (long long)cfg->agcount,
                        (long long)cfg->agsize,
                "", cfg->sectorsize, fp->attr_version, fp->projid32bit,
                "", fp->crcs_enabled, fp->finobt, fp->spinodes, fp->rmapbt,
                        fp->reflink,
                "", cfg->blocksize, (long long)cfg->dblocks, cfg->imaxpct,
                "", cfg->dsunit, cfg->dswidth,
                fp->dir_version, cfg->dirblocksize, fp->nci, fp->dirftype,
                logfile, cfg->blocksize, (long long)cfg->logblocks,
                        fp->log_version,
                "", cfg->lsectorsize, cfg->lsunit, fp->lazy_sb_counters,
                rtfile, (int)cfg->rtextblocks << cfg->blocklog,
                        (long long)cfg->rtblocks, (long long)cfg->rtextents);
}

/*
 * Format everything from the generated config into the superblock that
 * will be used to initialise the on-disk superblock. This is the in-memory
 * copy, so no need to care about endian swapping here.
 */
static void
setup_superblock(
        struct mkfs_params      *cfg,
        struct xfs_mount        *mp,
        struct xfs_sb           *sbp)
{
        if (cfg->label)
                strncpy(sbp->sb_fname, cfg->label, sizeof(sbp->sb_fname));

        sbp->sb_magicnum = XFS_SB_MAGIC;
        sbp->sb_blocksize = cfg->blocksize;
        sbp->sb_dblocks = cfg->dblocks;
        sbp->sb_rblocks = cfg->rtblocks;
        sbp->sb_rextents = cfg->rtextents;
        platform_uuid_copy(&sbp->sb_uuid, &cfg->uuid);
        /* Only in memory; libxfs expects this as if read from disk */
        platform_uuid_copy(&sbp->sb_meta_uuid, &cfg->uuid);
        sbp->sb_logstart = cfg->logstart;
        sbp->sb_rootino = sbp->sb_rbmino = sbp->sb_rsumino = NULLFSINO;
        sbp->sb_rextsize = cfg->rtextblocks;
        sbp->sb_agcount = (xfs_agnumber_t)cfg->agcount;
        sbp->sb_rbmblocks = cfg->rtbmblocks;
        sbp->sb_logblocks = (xfs_extlen_t)cfg->logblocks;
        sbp->sb_sectsize = (uint16_t)cfg->sectorsize;
        sbp->sb_inodesize = (uint16_t)cfg->inodesize;
        sbp->sb_inopblock = (uint16_t)(cfg->blocksize / cfg->inodesize);
        sbp->sb_sectlog = (uint8_t)cfg->sectorlog;
        sbp->sb_inodelog = (uint8_t)cfg->inodelog;
        sbp->sb_inopblog = (uint8_t)(cfg->blocklog - cfg->inodelog);
        sbp->sb_rextslog = (uint8_t)(cfg->rtextents ?
                        libxfs_highbit32((unsigned int)cfg->rtextents) : 0);
        sbp->sb_inprogress = 1; /* mkfs is in progress */
        sbp->sb_imax_pct = cfg->imaxpct;
        sbp->sb_icount = 0;
        sbp->sb_ifree = 0;
        sbp->sb_fdblocks = cfg->dblocks -
                           cfg->agcount * libxfs_prealloc_blocks(mp) -
                           (cfg->loginternal ? cfg->logblocks : 0);
        sbp->sb_frextents = 0;  /* will do a free later */
        sbp->sb_uquotino = sbp->sb_gquotino = sbp->sb_pquotino = 0;
        sbp->sb_qflags = 0;
        sbp->sb_unit = cfg->dsunit;
        sbp->sb_width = cfg->dswidth;
        sbp->sb_dirblklog = cfg->dirblocklog - cfg->blocklog;

        /*
         * log stripe unit is stored in bytes on disk and cannot be zero
         * for v2 logs.
         */
        if (cfg->sb_feat.log_version == 2) {
                if (cfg->lsunit)
                        sbp->sb_logsunit = XFS_FSB_TO_B(mp, cfg->lsunit);
                else
                        sbp->sb_logsunit = 1;
        } else
                sbp->sb_logsunit = 0;

}

/*
 * Sanitise the data and log devices and prepare them so libxfs can mount the
 * device successfully. Also check we can access the rt device if configured.
 */
static void
prepare_devices(
        struct mkfs_params      *cfg,
        struct libxfs_xinit     *xi,
        struct xfs_mount        *mp,
        struct xfs_sb           *sbp,
        bool                    clear_stale)
{
        struct xfs_buf          *buf;
        int                     whack_blks = BTOBB(WHACK_SIZE);
        int                     lsunit;

        /*
         * If there's an old XFS filesystem on the device with enough intact
         * information that we can parse the superblock, there's enough
         * information on disk to confuse a future xfs_repair call. To avoid
         * this, whack all the old secondary superblocks that we can find.
         */
        if (clear_stale)
                zero_old_xfs_structures(xi, sbp);

        /*
         * If the data device is a file, grow out the file to its final size if
         * needed so that the reads for the end of the device in the mount code
         * will succeed.
         */
        if (xi->disfile &&
            xi->dsize * xi->dbsize < cfg->dblocks * cfg->blocksize) {
                if (ftruncate(xi->dfd, cfg->dblocks * cfg->blocksize) < 0) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
                                _("%s: Growing the data section failed\n"),
                                progname);
                        exit(1);
                }

                /* update size to be able to whack blocks correctly */
                xi->dsize = BTOBB(cfg->dblocks * cfg->blocksize);
        }

        /*
         * Zero out the end to obliterate any old MD RAID (or other) metadata at
         * the end of the device.  (MD sb is ~64k from the end, take out a wider
         * swath to be sure)
         */
        buf = libxfs_getbuf(mp->m_ddev_targp, (xi->dsize - whack_blks),
                            whack_blks);
        memset(XFS_BUF_PTR(buf), 0, WHACK_SIZE);
        libxfs_writebuf(buf, LIBXFS_EXIT_ON_FAILURE);
        libxfs_purgebuf(buf);

        /*
         * Now zero out the beginning of the device, to obliterate any old
         * filesystem signatures out there.  This should take care of
         * swap (somewhere around the page size), jfs (32k),
         * ext[2,3] and reiserfs (64k) - and hopefully all else.
         */
        buf = libxfs_getbuf(mp->m_ddev_targp, 0, whack_blks);
        memset(XFS_BUF_PTR(buf), 0, WHACK_SIZE);
        libxfs_writebuf(buf, LIBXFS_EXIT_ON_FAILURE);
        libxfs_purgebuf(buf);

        /* OK, now write the superblock... */
        buf = libxfs_getbuf(mp->m_ddev_targp, XFS_SB_DADDR, XFS_FSS_TO_BB(mp, 1));
        buf->b_ops = &xfs_sb_buf_ops;
        memset(XFS_BUF_PTR(buf), 0, cfg->sectorsize);
        libxfs_sb_to_disk((void *)XFS_BUF_PTR(buf), sbp);
        libxfs_writebuf(buf, LIBXFS_EXIT_ON_FAILURE);
        libxfs_purgebuf(buf);

        /* ...and zero the log.... */
        lsunit = sbp->sb_logsunit;
        if (lsunit == 1)
                lsunit = sbp->sb_logsectsize;

        libxfs_log_clear(mp->m_logdev_targp, NULL,
                         XFS_FSB_TO_DADDR(mp, cfg->logstart),
                         (xfs_extlen_t)XFS_FSB_TO_BB(mp, cfg->logblocks),
                         &sbp->sb_uuid, cfg->sb_feat.log_version,
                         lsunit, XLOG_FMT, XLOG_INIT_CYCLE, false);

        /* finally, check we can write the last block in the realtime area */
        if (mp->m_rtdev_targp->dev && cfg->rtblocks > 0) {
                buf = libxfs_getbuf(mp->m_rtdev_targp,
                                    XFS_FSB_TO_BB(mp, cfg->rtblocks - 1LL),
                                    BTOBB(cfg->blocksize));
                memset(XFS_BUF_PTR(buf), 0, cfg->blocksize);
                libxfs_writebuf(buf, LIBXFS_EXIT_ON_FAILURE);
                libxfs_purgebuf(buf);
        }

}

/*
 * XXX: this code is mostly common with the kernel growfs code.
 * These initialisations should be pulled into libxfs to keep the
 * kernel/userspace header initialisation code the same.
 */
static void
initialise_ag_headers(
        struct mkfs_params      *cfg,
        struct xfs_mount        *mp,
        struct xfs_sb           *sbp,
        xfs_agnumber_t          agno,
        int                     *worst_freelist)
{
        struct xfs_perag        *pag = libxfs_perag_get(mp, agno);
        struct xfs_agfl         *agfl;
        struct xfs_agf          *agf;
        struct xfs_agi          *agi;
        struct xfs_buf          *buf;
        struct xfs_btree_block  *block;
        struct xfs_alloc_rec    *arec;
        struct xfs_alloc_rec    *nrec;
        int                     bucket;
        uint64_t                agsize = cfg->agsize;
        xfs_agblock_t           agblocks;
        bool                    is_log_ag = false;
        int                     c;

        if (cfg->loginternal && agno == cfg->logagno)
                is_log_ag = true;

        /*
         * Superblock.
         */
        buf = libxfs_getbuf(mp->m_ddev_targp,
                        XFS_AG_DADDR(mp, agno, XFS_SB_DADDR),
                        XFS_FSS_TO_BB(mp, 1));
        buf->b_ops = &xfs_sb_buf_ops;
        memset(XFS_BUF_PTR(buf), 0, cfg->sectorsize);
        libxfs_sb_to_disk((void *)XFS_BUF_PTR(buf), sbp);
        libxfs_writebuf(buf, LIBXFS_EXIT_ON_FAILURE);

        /*
         * AG header block: freespace
         */
        buf = libxfs_getbuf(mp->m_ddev_targp,
                        XFS_AG_DADDR(mp, agno, XFS_AGF_DADDR(mp)),
                        XFS_FSS_TO_BB(mp, 1));
        buf->b_ops = &xfs_agf_buf_ops;
        agf = XFS_BUF_TO_AGF(buf);
        memset(agf, 0, cfg->sectorsize);
        if (agno == cfg->agcount - 1)
                agsize = cfg->dblocks - (xfs_rfsblock_t)(agno * agsize);
        agf->agf_magicnum = cpu_to_be32(XFS_AGF_MAGIC);
        agf->agf_versionnum = cpu_to_be32(XFS_AGF_VERSION);
        agf->agf_seqno = cpu_to_be32(agno);
        agf->agf_length = cpu_to_be32(agsize);
        agf->agf_roots[XFS_BTNUM_BNOi] = cpu_to_be32(XFS_BNO_BLOCK(mp));
        agf->agf_roots[XFS_BTNUM_CNTi] = cpu_to_be32(XFS_CNT_BLOCK(mp));
        agf->agf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_BNOi] = cpu_to_be32(1);
        agf->agf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_CNTi] = cpu_to_be32(1);
        pag->pagf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_BNOi] = 1;
        pag->pagf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_CNTi] = 1;

        if (xfs_sb_version_hasrmapbt(sbp)) {
                agf->agf_roots[XFS_BTNUM_RMAPi] = cpu_to_be32(XFS_RMAP_BLOCK(mp));
                agf->agf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_RMAPi] = cpu_to_be32(1);
                agf->agf_rmap_blocks = cpu_to_be32(1);
        }

        if (xfs_sb_version_hasreflink(sbp)) {
                agf->agf_refcount_root = cpu_to_be32(libxfs_refc_block(mp));
                agf->agf_refcount_level = cpu_to_be32(1);
                agf->agf_refcount_blocks = cpu_to_be32(1);
        }

        agf->agf_flfirst = 0;
        agf->agf_fllast = cpu_to_be32(XFS_AGFL_SIZE(mp) - 1);
        agf->agf_flcount = 0;
        agblocks = (xfs_agblock_t)(agsize - libxfs_prealloc_blocks(mp));
        agf->agf_freeblks = cpu_to_be32(agblocks);
        agf->agf_longest = cpu_to_be32(agblocks);

        if (xfs_sb_version_hascrc(sbp))
                platform_uuid_copy(&agf->agf_uuid, &sbp->sb_uuid);

        if (is_log_ag) {
                be32_add_cpu(&agf->agf_freeblks, -(int64_t)cfg->logblocks);
                agf->agf_longest = cpu_to_be32(agsize -
                        XFS_FSB_TO_AGBNO(mp, cfg->logstart) - cfg->logblocks);
        }
        if (libxfs_alloc_min_freelist(mp, pag) > *worst_freelist)
                *worst_freelist = libxfs_alloc_min_freelist(mp, pag);
        libxfs_writebuf(buf, LIBXFS_EXIT_ON_FAILURE);

        /*
         * AG freelist header block
         */
        buf = libxfs_getbuf(mp->m_ddev_targp,
                        XFS_AG_DADDR(mp, agno, XFS_AGFL_DADDR(mp)),
                        XFS_FSS_TO_BB(mp, 1));
        buf->b_ops = &xfs_agfl_buf_ops;
        agfl = XFS_BUF_TO_AGFL(buf);
        /* setting to 0xff results in initialisation to NULLAGBLOCK */
        memset(agfl, 0xff, cfg->sectorsize);
        if (xfs_sb_version_hascrc(sbp)) {
                agfl->agfl_magicnum = cpu_to_be32(XFS_AGFL_MAGIC);
                agfl->agfl_seqno = cpu_to_be32(agno);
                platform_uuid_copy(&agfl->agfl_uuid, &sbp->sb_uuid);
                for (bucket = 0; bucket < XFS_AGFL_SIZE(mp); bucket++)
                        agfl->agfl_bno[bucket] = cpu_to_be32(NULLAGBLOCK);
        }

        libxfs_writebuf(buf, LIBXFS_EXIT_ON_FAILURE);

        /*
         * AG header block: inodes
         */
        buf = libxfs_getbuf(mp->m_ddev_targp,
                        XFS_AG_DADDR(mp, agno, XFS_AGI_DADDR(mp)),
                        XFS_FSS_TO_BB(mp, 1));
        agi = XFS_BUF_TO_AGI(buf);
        buf->b_ops = &xfs_agi_buf_ops;
        memset(agi, 0, cfg->sectorsize);
        agi->agi_magicnum = cpu_to_be32(XFS_AGI_MAGIC);
        agi->agi_versionnum = cpu_to_be32(XFS_AGI_VERSION);
        agi->agi_seqno = cpu_to_be32(agno);
        agi->agi_length = cpu_to_be32(agsize);
        agi->agi_count = 0;
        agi->agi_root = cpu_to_be32(XFS_IBT_BLOCK(mp));
        agi->agi_level = cpu_to_be32(1);
        if (xfs_sb_version_hasfinobt(sbp)) {
                agi->agi_free_root = cpu_to_be32(XFS_FIBT_BLOCK(mp));
                agi->agi_free_level = cpu_to_be32(1);
        }
        agi->agi_freecount = 0;
        agi->agi_newino = cpu_to_be32(NULLAGINO);
        agi->agi_dirino = cpu_to_be32(NULLAGINO);
        if (xfs_sb_version_hascrc(sbp))
                platform_uuid_copy(&agi->agi_uuid, &sbp->sb_uuid);
        for (c = 0; c < XFS_AGI_UNLINKED_BUCKETS; c++)
                agi->agi_unlinked[c] = cpu_to_be32(NULLAGINO);
        libxfs_writebuf(buf, LIBXFS_EXIT_ON_FAILURE);

        /*
         * BNO btree root block
         */
        buf = libxfs_getbuf(mp->m_ddev_targp,
                        XFS_AGB_TO_DADDR(mp, agno, XFS_BNO_BLOCK(mp)),
                        BTOBB(cfg->blocksize));
        buf->b_ops = &xfs_allocbt_buf_ops;
        block = XFS_BUF_TO_BLOCK(buf);
        memset(block, 0, cfg->blocksize);
        libxfs_btree_init_block(mp, buf, XFS_BTNUM_BNO, 0, 1, agno, 0);

        arec = XFS_ALLOC_REC_ADDR(mp, block, 1);
        arec->ar_startblock = cpu_to_be32(libxfs_prealloc_blocks(mp));
        if (is_log_ag) {
                xfs_agblock_t   start = XFS_FSB_TO_AGBNO(mp, cfg->logstart);

                ASSERT(start >= libxfs_prealloc_blocks(mp));
                if (start != libxfs_prealloc_blocks(mp)) {
                        /*
                         * Modify first record to pad stripe align of log
                         */
                        arec->ar_blockcount = cpu_to_be32(start -
                                                libxfs_prealloc_blocks(mp));
                        nrec = arec + 1;
                        /*
                         * Insert second record at start of internal log
                         * which then gets trimmed.
                         */
                        nrec->ar_startblock = cpu_to_be32(
                                        be32_to_cpu(arec->ar_startblock) +
                                        be32_to_cpu(arec->ar_blockcount));
                        arec = nrec;
                        be16_add_cpu(&block->bb_numrecs, 1);
                }
                /*
                 * Change record start to after the internal log
                 */
                be32_add_cpu(&arec->ar_startblock, cfg->logblocks);
        }
        /*
         * Calculate the record block count and check for the case where
         * the log might have consumed all available space in the AG. If
         * so, reset the record count to 0 to avoid exposure of an invalid
         * record start block.
         */
        arec->ar_blockcount = cpu_to_be32(agsize -
                                          be32_to_cpu(arec->ar_startblock));
        if (!arec->ar_blockcount)
                block->bb_numrecs = 0;

        libxfs_writebuf(buf, LIBXFS_EXIT_ON_FAILURE);

        /*
         * CNT btree root block
         */
        buf = libxfs_getbuf(mp->m_ddev_targp,
                        XFS_AGB_TO_DADDR(mp, agno, XFS_CNT_BLOCK(mp)),
                        BTOBB(cfg->blocksize));
        buf->b_ops = &xfs_allocbt_buf_ops;
        block = XFS_BUF_TO_BLOCK(buf);
        memset(block, 0, cfg->blocksize);
        libxfs_btree_init_block(mp, buf, XFS_BTNUM_CNT, 0, 1, agno, 0);

        arec = XFS_ALLOC_REC_ADDR(mp, block, 1);
        arec->ar_startblock = cpu_to_be32(libxfs_prealloc_blocks(mp));
        if (is_log_ag) {
                xfs_agblock_t   start = XFS_FSB_TO_AGBNO(mp, cfg->logstart);

                ASSERT(start >= libxfs_prealloc_blocks(mp));
                if (start != libxfs_prealloc_blocks(mp)) {
                        arec->ar_blockcount = cpu_to_be32(start -
                                        libxfs_prealloc_blocks(mp));
                        nrec = arec + 1;
                        nrec->ar_startblock = cpu_to_be32(
                                        be32_to_cpu(arec->ar_startblock) +
                                        be32_to_cpu(arec->ar_blockcount));
                        arec = nrec;
                        be16_add_cpu(&block->bb_numrecs, 1);
                }
                be32_add_cpu(&arec->ar_startblock, cfg->logblocks);
        }
        /*
         * Calculate the record block count and check for the case where
         * the log might have consumed all available space in the AG. If
         * so, reset the record count to 0 to avoid exposure of an invalid
         * record start block.
         */
        arec->ar_blockcount = cpu_to_be32(agsize -
                                          be32_to_cpu(arec->ar_startblock));
        if (!arec->ar_blockcount)
                block->bb_numrecs = 0;

        libxfs_writebuf(buf, LIBXFS_EXIT_ON_FAILURE);

        /*
         * refcount btree root block
         */
        if (xfs_sb_version_hasreflink(sbp)) {
                buf = libxfs_getbuf(mp->m_ddev_targp,
                        XFS_AGB_TO_DADDR(mp, agno, libxfs_refc_block(mp)),
                        BTOBB(cfg->blocksize));
                buf->b_ops = &xfs_refcountbt_buf_ops;

                block = XFS_BUF_TO_BLOCK(buf);
                memset(block, 0, cfg->blocksize);
                libxfs_btree_init_block(mp, buf, XFS_BTNUM_REFC, 0, 0, agno, 0);
                libxfs_writebuf(buf, LIBXFS_EXIT_ON_FAILURE);
        }

        /*
         * INO btree root block
         */
        buf = libxfs_getbuf(mp->m_ddev_targp,
                        XFS_AGB_TO_DADDR(mp, agno, XFS_IBT_BLOCK(mp)),
                        BTOBB(cfg->blocksize));
        buf->b_ops = &xfs_inobt_buf_ops;
        block = XFS_BUF_TO_BLOCK(buf);
        memset(block, 0, cfg->blocksize);
        libxfs_btree_init_block(mp, buf, XFS_BTNUM_INO, 0, 0, agno, 0);
        libxfs_writebuf(buf, LIBXFS_EXIT_ON_FAILURE);

        /*
         * Free INO btree root block
         */
        if (xfs_sb_version_hasfinobt(sbp)) {
                buf = libxfs_getbuf(mp->m_ddev_targp,
                                XFS_AGB_TO_DADDR(mp, agno, XFS_FIBT_BLOCK(mp)),
                                BTOBB(cfg->blocksize));
                buf->b_ops = &xfs_inobt_buf_ops;
                block = XFS_BUF_TO_BLOCK(buf);
                memset(block, 0, cfg->blocksize);
                libxfs_btree_init_block(mp, buf, XFS_BTNUM_FINO, 0, 0, agno, 0);
                libxfs_writebuf(buf, LIBXFS_EXIT_ON_FAILURE);
        }

        /* RMAP btree root block */
        if (xfs_sb_version_hasrmapbt(sbp)) {
                struct xfs_rmap_rec     *rrec;

                buf = libxfs_getbuf(mp->m_ddev_targp,
                        XFS_AGB_TO_DADDR(mp, agno, XFS_RMAP_BLOCK(mp)),
                        BTOBB(cfg->blocksize));
                buf->b_ops = &xfs_rmapbt_buf_ops;
                block = XFS_BUF_TO_BLOCK(buf);
                memset(block, 0, cfg->blocksize);

                libxfs_btree_init_block(mp, buf, XFS_BTNUM_RMAP, 0, 0, agno, 0);

                /*
                 * mark the AG header regions as static metadata
                 * The BNO btree block is the first block after the
                 * headers, so it's location defines the size of region
                 * the static metadata consumes.
                 */
                rrec = XFS_RMAP_REC_ADDR(block, 1);
                rrec->rm_startblock = 0;
                rrec->rm_blockcount = cpu_to_be32(XFS_BNO_BLOCK(mp));
                rrec->rm_owner = cpu_to_be64(XFS_RMAP_OWN_FS);
                rrec->rm_offset = 0;
                be16_add_cpu(&block->bb_numrecs, 1);

                /* account freespace btree root blocks */
                rrec = XFS_RMAP_REC_ADDR(block, 2);
                rrec->rm_startblock = cpu_to_be32(XFS_BNO_BLOCK(mp));
                rrec->rm_blockcount = cpu_to_be32(2);
                rrec->rm_owner = cpu_to_be64(XFS_RMAP_OWN_AG);
                rrec->rm_offset = 0;
                be16_add_cpu(&block->bb_numrecs, 1);

                /* account inode btree root blocks */
                rrec = XFS_RMAP_REC_ADDR(block, 3);
                rrec->rm_startblock = cpu_to_be32(XFS_IBT_BLOCK(mp));
                rrec->rm_blockcount = cpu_to_be32(XFS_RMAP_BLOCK(mp) -
                                                XFS_IBT_BLOCK(mp));
                rrec->rm_owner = cpu_to_be64(XFS_RMAP_OWN_INOBT);
                rrec->rm_offset = 0;
                be16_add_cpu(&block->bb_numrecs, 1);

                /* account for rmap btree root */
                rrec = XFS_RMAP_REC_ADDR(block, 4);
                rrec->rm_startblock = cpu_to_be32(XFS_RMAP_BLOCK(mp));
                rrec->rm_blockcount = cpu_to_be32(1);
                rrec->rm_owner = cpu_to_be64(XFS_RMAP_OWN_AG);
                rrec->rm_offset = 0;
                be16_add_cpu(&block->bb_numrecs, 1);

                /* account for refcount btree root */
                if (xfs_sb_version_hasreflink(sbp)) {
                        rrec = XFS_RMAP_REC_ADDR(block, 5);
                        rrec->rm_startblock = cpu_to_be32(libxfs_refc_block(mp));
                        rrec->rm_blockcount = cpu_to_be32(1);
                        rrec->rm_owner = cpu_to_be64(XFS_RMAP_OWN_REFC);
                        rrec->rm_offset = 0;
                        be16_add_cpu(&block->bb_numrecs, 1);
                }

                /* account for the log space */
                if (is_log_ag) {
                        rrec = XFS_RMAP_REC_ADDR(block,
                                        be16_to_cpu(block->bb_numrecs) + 1);
                        rrec->rm_startblock = cpu_to_be32(
                                        XFS_FSB_TO_AGBNO(mp, cfg->logstart));
                        rrec->rm_blockcount = cpu_to_be32(cfg->logblocks);
                        rrec->rm_owner = cpu_to_be64(XFS_RMAP_OWN_LOG);
                        rrec->rm_offset = 0;
                        be16_add_cpu(&block->bb_numrecs, 1);
                }

                libxfs_writebuf(buf, LIBXFS_EXIT_ON_FAILURE);
        }

        libxfs_perag_put(pag);
}

static void
initialise_ag_freespace(
        struct xfs_mount        *mp,
        xfs_agnumber_t          agno,
        int                     worst_freelist)
{
        struct xfs_alloc_arg    args;
        struct xfs_trans        *tp;
        struct xfs_trans_res tres = {0};
        int                     c;

        c = libxfs_trans_alloc(mp, &tres, worst_freelist, 0, 0, &tp);
        if (c)
                res_failed(c);

        memset(&args, 0, sizeof(args));
        args.tp = tp;
        args.mp = mp;
        args.agno = agno;
        args.alignment = 1;
        args.pag = libxfs_perag_get(mp, agno);

        libxfs_alloc_fix_freelist(&args, 0);
        libxfs_perag_put(args.pag);
        libxfs_trans_commit(tp);
}

/*
 * rewrite several secondary superblocks with the root inode number filled out.
 * This can help repair recovery from a trashed primary superblock without
 * losing the root inode.
 */
static void
rewrite_secondary_superblocks(
        struct xfs_mount        *mp)
{
        struct xfs_buf          *buf;

        /* rewrite the last superblock */
        buf = libxfs_readbuf(mp->m_dev,
                        XFS_AGB_TO_DADDR(mp, mp->m_sb.sb_agcount - 1,
                                XFS_SB_DADDR),
                        XFS_FSS_TO_BB(mp, 1),
                        LIBXFS_EXIT_ON_FAILURE, &xfs_sb_buf_ops);
        XFS_BUF_TO_SBP(buf)->sb_rootino = cpu_to_be64(mp->m_sb.sb_rootino);
        libxfs_writebuf(buf, LIBXFS_EXIT_ON_FAILURE);

        /* and one in the middle for luck if there's enough AGs for that */
        if (mp->m_sb.sb_agcount <= 2)
                return;

        buf = libxfs_readbuf(mp->m_dev,
                        XFS_AGB_TO_DADDR(mp, (mp->m_sb.sb_agcount - 1) / 2,
                                XFS_SB_DADDR),
                        XFS_FSS_TO_BB(mp, 1),
                        LIBXFS_EXIT_ON_FAILURE, &xfs_sb_buf_ops);
        XFS_BUF_TO_SBP(buf)->sb_rootino = cpu_to_be64(mp->m_sb.sb_rootino);
        libxfs_writebuf(buf, LIBXFS_EXIT_ON_FAILURE);
}

int
main(
        int                     argc,
        char                    **argv)
{
        xfs_agnumber_t          agno;
        xfs_buf_t               *buf;
        int                     c;
        char                    *dfile = NULL;
        char                    *logfile = NULL;
        char                    *rtfile = NULL;
        int                     dry_run = 0;
        int                     discard = 1;
        int                     force_overwrite = 0;
        int                     quiet = 0;
        char                    *protofile = NULL;
        char                    *protostring = NULL;
        int                     worst_freelist = 0;

        struct libxfs_xinit     xi = {
                .isdirect = LIBXFS_DIRECT,
                .isreadonly = LIBXFS_EXCLUSIVELY,
        };
        struct xfs_mount        mbuf = {};
        struct xfs_mount        *mp = &mbuf;
        struct xfs_sb           *sbp = &mp->m_sb;
        struct fs_topology      ft = {};
        struct cli_params       cli = {
                .xi = &xi,
                .loginternal = 1,
        };
        struct mkfs_params      cfg = {};

        /* build time defaults */
        struct mkfs_default_params      dft = {
                .source = _("package build definitions"),
                .sectorsize = XFS_MIN_SECTORSIZE,
                .blocksize = 1 << XFS_DFL_BLOCKSIZE_LOG,
                .sb_feat = {
                        .log_version = 2,
                        .attr_version = 2,
                        .dir_version = 2,
                        .inode_align = true,
                        .nci = false,
                        .lazy_sb_counters = true,
                        .projid32bit = true,
                        .crcs_enabled = true,
                        .dirftype = true,
                        .finobt = true,
                        .spinodes = false,
                        .rmapbt = false,
                        .reflink = false,
                        .parent_pointers = false,
                        .nodalign = false,
                        .nortalign = false,
                },
        };

        platform_uuid_generate(&cli.uuid);
        progname = basename(argv[0]);
        setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
        bindtextdomain(PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
        textdomain(PACKAGE);

        /*
         * TODO: Sourcing defaults from a config file
         *
         * Before anything else, see if there's a config file with different
         * defaults. If a file exists in <package location>, read in the new
         * default values and overwrite them in the &dft structure. This way the
         * new defaults will apply before we parse the CLI, and the CLI will
         * still be able to override them. When more than one source is
         * implemented, emit a message to indicate where the defaults being
         * used came from.
         *
         * printf(_("Default configuration sourced from %s\n"), dft.source);
         */

        /* copy new defaults into CLI parsing structure */
        memcpy(&cli.sb_feat, &dft.sb_feat, sizeof(cli.sb_feat));
        memcpy(&cli.fsx, &dft.fsx, sizeof(cli.fsx));

        while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "b:d:i:l:L:m:n:KNp:qr:s:CfV")) != EOF) {
                switch (c) {
                case 'C':
                case 'f':
                        force_overwrite = 1;
                        break;
                case 'b':
                case 'd':
                case 'i':
                case 'l':
                case 'm':
                case 'n':
                case 'r':
                case 's':
                        parse_subopts(c, optarg, &cli);
                        break;
                case 'L':
                        if (strlen(optarg) > sizeof(sbp->sb_fname))
                                illegal(optarg, "L");
                        cfg.label = optarg;
                        break;
                case 'N':
                        dry_run = 1;
                        break;
                case 'K':
                        discard = 0;
                        break;
                case 'p':
                        if (protofile)
                                respec('p', NULL, 0);
                        protofile = optarg;
                        break;
                case 'q':
                        quiet = 1;
                        break;
                case 'V':
                        printf(_("%s version %s\n"), progname, VERSION);
                        exit(0);
                case '?':
                        unknown(optopt, "");
                }
        }
        if (argc - optind > 1) {
                fprintf(stderr, _("extra arguments\n"));
                usage();
        } else if (argc - optind == 1) {
                dfile = xi.volname = getstr(argv[optind], &dopts, D_NAME);
        } else
                dfile = xi.dname;

        protostring = setup_proto(protofile);

        /*
         * Extract as much of the valid config as we can from the CLI input
         * before opening the libxfs devices.
         */
        validate_blocksize(&cfg, &cli, &dft);
        validate_sectorsize(&cfg, &cli, &dft, &ft, dfile, dry_run,
                            force_overwrite);

        /*
         * XXX: we still need to set block size and sector size global variables
         * so that getnum/cvtnum works correctly
         */
        blocksize = cfg.blocksize;
        sectorsize = cfg.sectorsize;

        validate_log_sectorsize(&cfg, &cli, &dft);
        validate_sb_features(&cfg, &cli);

        /*
         * we've now completed basic validation of the features, sector and
         * block sizes, so from this point onwards we use the values found in
         * the cfg structure for them, not the command line structure.
         */
        validate_dirblocksize(&cfg, &cli);
        validate_inodesize(&cfg, &cli);

        /*
         * if the device size was specified convert it to a block count
         * now we have a valid block size. These will be set to zero if
         * nothing was specified, indicating we should use the full device.
         */
        cfg.dblocks = calc_dev_size(cli.dsize, &cfg, &dopts, D_SIZE, "data");
        cfg.logblocks = calc_dev_size(cli.logsize, &cfg, &lopts, L_SIZE, "log");
        cfg.rtblocks = calc_dev_size(cli.rtsize, &cfg, &ropts, R_SIZE, "rt");

        validate_rtextsize(&cfg, &cli, &ft);
        calc_stripe_factors(&cfg, &cli, &ft);

        /*
         * Open and validate the device configurations
         */
        open_devices(&cfg, &xi, (discard && !dry_run));
        validate_datadev(&cfg, &cli);
        validate_logdev(&cfg, &cli, &logfile);
        validate_rtdev(&cfg, &cli, &rtfile);

        /*
         * At this point when know exactly what size all the devices are,
         * so we can start validating and calculating layout options that are
         * dependent on device sizes. Once calculated, make sure everything
         * aligns to device geometry correctly.
         */
        calculate_initial_ag_geometry(&cfg, &cli);
        align_ag_geometry(&cfg);

        calculate_imaxpct(&cfg, &cli);

        /*
         * Set up the basic superblock parameters now so that we can use
         * the geometry information we've already validated in libxfs
         * provided functions to determine on-disk format information.
         */
        initialise_mount(&cfg, mp, sbp);

        /*
         * With the mount set up, we can finally calculate the log size
         * constraints and do default size calculations and final validation
         */
        calculate_log_size(&cfg, &cli, mp);

        protostring = setup_proto(protofile);

        if (!quiet || dry_run) {
                print_mkfs_cfg(&cfg, dfile, logfile, rtfile);
                if (dry_run)
                        exit(0);
        }

        /*
         * Finish setting up the superblock state ready for formatting.
         */
        setup_superblock(&cfg, mp, sbp);

        /*
         * we need the libxfs buffer cache from here on in.
         */
        libxfs_buftarg_init(mp, xi.ddev, xi.logdev, xi.rtdev);

        /*
         * Before we mount the filesystem we need to make sure the devices have
         * enough of the filesystem structure on them that allows libxfs to
         * mount.
         */
        prepare_devices(&cfg, &xi, mp, sbp, force_overwrite);
        mp = libxfs_mount(mp, sbp, xi.ddev, xi.logdev, xi.rtdev, 0);
        if (mp == NULL) {
                fprintf(stderr, _("%s: filesystem failed to initialize\n"),
                        progname);
                exit(1);
        }

        /*
         * Initialise all the static on disk metadata.
         */
        for (agno = 0; agno < cfg.agcount; agno++)
                initialise_ag_headers(&cfg, mp, sbp, agno, &worst_freelist);

        /*
         * Initialise the freespace freelists (i.e. AGFLs) in each AG.
         */
        for (agno = 0; agno < cfg.agcount; agno++)
                initialise_ag_freespace(mp, agno, worst_freelist);

        /*
         * Allocate the root inode and anything else in the proto file.
         */
        parse_proto(mp, &cli.fsx, &protostring);

        /*
         * Protect ourselves against possible stupidity
         */
        if (XFS_INO_TO_AGNO(mp, mp->m_sb.sb_rootino) != 0) {
                fprintf(stderr,
                        _("%s: root inode created in AG %u, not AG 0\n"),
                        progname, XFS_INO_TO_AGNO(mp, mp->m_sb.sb_rootino));
                exit(1);
        }

        /*
         * Re-write multiple secondary superblocks with rootinode field set
         */
        if (mp->m_sb.sb_agcount > 1)
                rewrite_secondary_superblocks(mp);

        /*
         * Dump all inodes and buffers before marking us all done.
         * Need to drop references to inodes we still hold, first.
         */
        libxfs_rtmount_destroy(mp);
        libxfs_bcache_purge();

        /*
         * Mark the filesystem ok.
         */
        buf = libxfs_getsb(mp, LIBXFS_EXIT_ON_FAILURE);
        (XFS_BUF_TO_SBP(buf))->sb_inprogress = 0;
        libxfs_writebuf(buf, LIBXFS_EXIT_ON_FAILURE);

        libxfs_umount(mp);
        if (xi.rtdev)
                libxfs_device_close(xi.rtdev);
        if (xi.logdev && xi.logdev != xi.ddev)
                libxfs_device_close(xi.logdev);
        libxfs_device_close(xi.ddev);

        return 0;
}