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Commit | Line | Data |
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d657c51f | 1 | systemd System and Service Manager |
220a21d3 | 2 | |
94293d65 LB |
3 | CHANGES WITH 248: |
4 | ||
6dd990f3 ZJS |
5 | * A concept of system extension images is introduced. Such images may |
6 | be used to extend the /usr/ and /opt/ directory hierarchies at | |
7 | runtime with additional files (even if the file system is read-only). | |
8 | When a system extension image is activated, its /usr/ and /opt/ | |
9 | hierarchies and os-release information are combined via overlayfs | |
10 | with the file system hierarchy of the host OS. | |
11 | ||
12 | A new systemd-sysext tool can be used to merge, unmerge, list, and | |
13 | refresh system extension hierarchies. See | |
14 | https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd-sysext.html. | |
15 | ||
16 | The systemd-sysext.service automatically merges installed system | |
17 | extensions during boot (before basic.target, but not in very early | |
18 | boot, since various file systems have to be mounted first). | |
19 | ||
20 | The SYSEXT_LEVEL= field in os-release(5) may be used to specify the | |
21 | supported system extension level. | |
22 | ||
873b5cbd LB |
23 | * A new ExtensionImages= unit setting can be used to apply the same |
24 | system extension image concept from systemd-sysext to the namespaced | |
25 | file hierarchy of specific services, following the same rules and | |
26 | constraints. | |
27 | ||
33e68cce ZJS |
28 | * Support for a new special "root=tmpfs" kernel command-line option has |
29 | been added. When specified, a tmpfs is mounted on /, and mount.usr= | |
30 | should be used to point to the operating system implementation. | |
31 | ||
6dd990f3 | 32 | * A new configuration file /etc/veritytab may be used to configure |
2b6a8a4b LP |
33 | dm-verity integrity protection for block devices. Each line is in the |
34 | format "volume-name data-device hash-device roothash options", | |
35 | similar to /etc/crypttab. | |
6dd990f3 | 36 | |
2b6a8a4b | 37 | * A new kernel command-line option systemd.verity.root_options= may be |
6dd990f3 ZJS |
38 | used to configure dm-verity behaviour for the root device. |
39 | ||
40 | * The key file specified in /etc/crypttab (the third field) may now | |
1f3315b8 LP |
41 | refer to an AF_UNIX/SOCK_STREAM socket in the file system. The key is |
42 | acquired by connecting to that socket and reading from it. This | |
43 | allows the implementation of a service to provide key information | |
44 | dynamically, at the moment when it is needed. | |
6dd990f3 | 45 | |
89b6acfd ZJS |
46 | * When the hostname is set explicitly to "localhost", systemd-hostnamed |
47 | will respect this. Previously such a setting would be mostly silently | |
48 | ignored. The goal is to honour configuration as specified by the | |
49 | user. | |
50 | ||
51 | * The fallback hostname that will be used by the system manager and | |
52 | systemd-hostnamed can now be configured in two new ways: by setting | |
53 | DEFAULT_HOSTNAME= in os-release(5), or by setting | |
54 | $SYSTEMD_DEFAULT_HOSTNAME in the environment block. As before, it can | |
55 | also be configured during compilation. The environment variable is | |
56 | intended for testing and local overrides, the os-release(5) field is | |
57 | intended to allow customization by different variants of a | |
58 | distribution that share the same compiled packages. | |
59 | ||
60 | * The environment block of the manager itself may be configured through | |
61 | a new ManagerEnvironment= setting in system.conf or user.conf. This | |
62 | complements existing ways to set the environment block (the kernel | |
63 | command line for the system manager, the inherited environment and | |
64 | user@.service unit file settings for the user manager). | |
65 | ||
66 | * systemd-hostnamed now exports the default hostname and the source of | |
67 | the configured hostname ("static", "transient", or "default") as | |
68 | D-Bus properties. | |
69 | ||
70 | * systemd-hostnamed now exports the "HardwareVendor" and | |
71 | "HardwareModel" D-Bus properties, which are supposed to contain a | |
72 | pair of cleaned up, human readable strings describing the system's | |
73 | vendor and model. It's typically sourced from the firmware's DMI | |
74 | tables, but may be augmented from a new hwdb database. hostnamectl | |
75 | shows this in the status output. | |
76 | ||
1f3315b8 LP |
77 | * Support has been added to systemd-cryptsetup for extracting the |
78 | PKCS#11 token URI and encrypted key from the LUKS2 JSON embedded | |
79 | metadata header. This allows the information how to open the | |
80 | encrypted device to be embedded directly in the device and obviates | |
81 | the need for configuration in an external file. | |
6dd990f3 | 82 | |
1f3315b8 | 83 | * systemd-cryptsetup gained support for unlocking LUKS2 volumes using |
2b6a8a4b LP |
84 | TPM2 hardware, as well as FIDO2 security tokens (in addition to the |
85 | pre-existing support for PKCS#11 security tokens). | |
6dd990f3 | 86 | |
2b6a8a4b LP |
87 | * systemd-repart may enroll encrypted partitions using TPM2 |
88 | hardware. This may be useful for example to create an encrypted /var | |
89 | partition bound to the machine on first boot. | |
6dd990f3 | 90 | |
1f3315b8 LP |
91 | * A new systemd-cryptenroll tool has been added to enroll TPM2, FIDO2 |
92 | and PKCS#11 security tokens to LUKS volumes, list and destroy | |
93 | them. See: | |
94 | ||
95 | http://0pointer.net/blog/unlocking-luks2-volumes-with-tpm2-fido2-pkcs11-security-hardware-on-systemd-248.html | |
96 | ||
97 | It also supports enrolling "recovery keys" and regular passphrases. | |
98 | ||
99 | * The libfido2 dependency is now based on dlopen(), so that the library | |
2b6a8a4b LP |
100 | is used at runtime when installed, but is not a hard runtime |
101 | dependency. | |
1f3315b8 LP |
102 | |
103 | * systemd-cryptsetup gained support for two new options in | |
2b6a8a4b LP |
104 | /etc/crypttab: "no-write-workqueue" and "no-read-workqueue" which |
105 | request synchronous processing of encryption/decryption IO. | |
6dd990f3 | 106 | |
2b6a8a4b LP |
107 | * The manager may be configured at compile time to use the fexecve() |
108 | instead of the execve() system call when spawning processes. Using | |
109 | fexecve() closes a window between checking the security context of an | |
110 | executable and spawning it, but unfortunately the kernel displays | |
111 | stale information in the process' "comm" field, which impacts ps | |
112 | output and such. | |
6dd990f3 ZJS |
113 | |
114 | * The configuration option -Dcompat-gateway-hostname has been dropped. | |
115 | "_gateway" is now the only supported name. | |
116 | ||
1f3315b8 LP |
117 | * The ConditionSecurity=tpm2 unit file setting may be used to check if |
118 | the system has at least one TPM2 (tpmrm class) device. | |
6dd990f3 | 119 | |
2b6a8a4b LP |
120 | * A new ConditionCPUFeature= has been added that may be used to |
121 | conditionalize units based on CPU features. For example, | |
122 | ConditionCPUFeature=rdrand will condition a unit so that it is only | |
123 | run when the system CPU supports the RDRAND opcode. | |
124 | ||
89b6acfd ZJS |
125 | * The existing ConditionControlGroupController= setting has been |
126 | extended with two new values "v1" and "v2". "v2" means that the | |
b49bb286 | 127 | unified v2 cgroup hierarchy is used, and "v1" means that legacy v1 |
89b6acfd ZJS |
128 | hierarchy or the hybrid hierarchy are used. |
129 | ||
33e68cce ZJS |
130 | * A new PrivateIPC= setting on a unit file allows executed processes to |
131 | be moved into a private IPC namespace, with separate System V IPC | |
132 | identifiers and POSIX message queues. | |
133 | ||
134 | A new IPCNamespacePath= allows the unit to be joined to an existing | |
135 | IPC namespace. | |
136 | ||
64297c86 | 137 | * The tables of system calls in seccomp filters are now automatically |
6dd990f3 ZJS |
138 | generated from kernel lists exported on |
139 | https://fedora.juszkiewicz.com.pl/syscalls.html. | |
140 | ||
141 | The following architectures should now have complete lists: | |
142 | alpha, arc, arm64, arm, i386, ia64, m68k, mips64n32, mips64, mipso32, | |
143 | powerpc, powerpc64, s390, s390x, tilegx, sparc, x86_64, x32. | |
144 | ||
94293d65 | 145 | * The MountAPIVFS= service file setting now additionally mounts a tmpfs |
6dd990f3 ZJS |
146 | on /run/ if it is not already a mount point. A writable /run/ has |
147 | always been a requirement for a functioning system, but this was not | |
94293d65 | 148 | guaranteed when using a read-only image. |
6dd990f3 ZJS |
149 | |
150 | Users can always specify BindPaths= or InaccessiblePaths= as | |
151 | overrides, and they will take precedence. If the host's root mount | |
152 | point is used, there is no change in behaviour. | |
153 | ||
154 | * New bind mounts and file system image mounts may be injected into the | |
155 | mount namespace of a service (without restarting it). This is exposed | |
9ba008cb LB |
156 | respectively as 'systemctl bind <unit> <path>…' and |
157 | 'systemctl mount-image <unit> <image>…'. | |
6dd990f3 | 158 | |
2b6a8a4b | 159 | * The StandardOutput= and StandardError= settings can now specify files |
6dd990f3 ZJS |
160 | to be truncated for output (as "truncate:<path>"). |
161 | ||
162 | * The ExecPaths= and NoExecPaths= settings may be used to specify | |
163 | noexec for parts of the file system. | |
164 | ||
1f3315b8 | 165 | * sd-bus has a new function sd_bus_open_user_machine() to open a |
6dd990f3 | 166 | connection to the session bus of a specific user in a local container |
2b6a8a4b LP |
167 | or on the local host. This is exposed in the existing -M switch to |
168 | systemctl and similar tools: | |
1f3315b8 LP |
169 | |
170 | systemctl --user -M lennart@foobar start foo | |
171 | ||
172 | This will connect to the user bus of a user "lennart" in container | |
173 | "foobar". If no container name is specified, the specified user on | |
174 | the host itself is connected to | |
175 | ||
176 | systemctl --user -M lennart@ start quux | |
6dd990f3 | 177 | |
6c41cf44 LP |
178 | * sd-bus also gained a convenience function sd_bus_message_send() to |
179 | simplify invocations of sd_bus_send(), taking only a single | |
180 | parameter: the message to send. | |
1f3315b8 LP |
181 | |
182 | * sd-event allows rate limits to be set on event sources, for dealing | |
183 | with high-priority event sources that might starve out others. See | |
184 | the new man page sd_event_source_set_ratelimit(3) for details. | |
6dd990f3 ZJS |
185 | |
186 | * systemd.link files gained a [Link] Promiscuous= switch, which allows | |
187 | the device to be raised in promiscuous mode. | |
188 | ||
189 | New [Link] TransmitQueues= and ReceiveQueues= settings allow the | |
190 | number of TX and RX queues to be configured. | |
191 | ||
192 | New [Link] TransmitQueueLength= setting allows the size of the TX | |
193 | queue to be configured. | |
194 | ||
195 | New [Link] GenericSegmentOffloadMaxBytes= and | |
196 | GenericSegmentOffloadMaxSegments= allow capping the packet size and | |
197 | the number of segments accepted in Generic Segment Offload. | |
198 | ||
33e68cce ZJS |
199 | * systemd-networkd gained support for the "B.A.T.M.A.N. advanced" |
200 | wireless routing protocol that operates on ISO/OSI Layer 2 only and | |
201 | uses ethernet frames to route/bridge packets. This encompasses a new | |
202 | "batadv" netdev Type=, a new [BatmanAdvanced] section with a bunch of | |
203 | new settings in .netdev files, and a new BatmanAdvanced= setting in | |
204 | .network files. | |
205 | ||
6dd990f3 ZJS |
206 | * systemd.network files gained a [Network] RouteTable= configuration |
207 | switch to select the routing policy table. | |
208 | ||
209 | systemd.network files gained a [RoutingPolicyRule] Type= | |
210 | configuration switch (one of "blackhole, "unreachable", "prohibit"). | |
211 | ||
212 | systemd.network files gained a [IPv6AcceptRA] RouteDenyList= and | |
213 | RouteAllowList= settings to ignore/accept route advertisements from | |
214 | routers matching specified prefixes. The DenyList= setting has been | |
215 | renamed to PrefixDenyList= and a new PrefixAllowList= option has been | |
216 | added. | |
217 | ||
218 | systemd.network files gained a [DHCPv6] UseAddress= setting to | |
219 | optionally ignore the address provided in the lease. | |
220 | ||
221 | systemd.network files gained a [DHCPv6PrefixDelegation] | |
222 | ManageTemporaryAddress= switch. | |
223 | ||
33e68cce ZJS |
224 | systemd.network files gained a new ActivationPolicy= setting which |
225 | allows configuring how the UP state of an interface shall be managed, | |
b480543c | 226 | i.e. whether the interface is always upped, always downed, or may be |
6d18c13e | 227 | upped/downed by the user using "ip link set dev". |
1f3315b8 | 228 | |
897a2561 ZJS |
229 | * The default for the Broadcast= setting in .network files has slightly |
230 | changed: the broadcast address will not be configured for wireguard | |
231 | devices. | |
232 | ||
6dd990f3 ZJS |
233 | * systemd.netdev files gained a [VLAN] Protocol=, IngressQOSMaps=, |
234 | EgressQOSMaps=, and [MACVLAN] BroadcastMulticastQueueLength= | |
235 | configuration options for VLAN packet handling. | |
236 | ||
237 | * udev rules may now set log_level= option. This allows debug logs to | |
238 | be enabled for select events, e.g. just for a specific subsystem or | |
239 | even a single device. | |
240 | ||
241 | * udev now exports the VOLUME_ID, LOGICAL_VOLUME_ID, VOLUME_SET_ID, and | |
2b6a8a4b LP |
242 | DATA_PREPARED_ID properties for block devices with ISO9660 file |
243 | systems. | |
6dd990f3 | 244 | |
2b6a8a4b LP |
245 | * udev now exports decoded DMI information about installed memory slots |
246 | as device properties under the /sys/class/dmi/id/ pseudo device. | |
6dd990f3 | 247 | |
2b6a8a4b | 248 | * /dev/ is not mounted noexec anymore. This didn't provide any |
64297c86 TM |
249 | significant security benefits and would conflict with the executable |
250 | mappings used with /dev/sgx device nodes. The previous behaviour can | |
251 | be restored for individual services with NoExecPaths=/dev (or by allow- | |
252 | listing and excluding /dev from ExecPaths=). | |
6dd990f3 | 253 | |
de0b8991 | 254 | * Permissions for /dev/vsock are now set to 0o666, and /dev/vhost-vsock |
6dd990f3 ZJS |
255 | and /dev/vhost-net are owned by the kvm group. |
256 | ||
257 | * The hardware database has been extended with a list of fingerprint | |
2b6a8a4b LP |
258 | readers that correctly support USB auto-suspend using data from |
259 | libfprint. | |
6dd990f3 ZJS |
260 | |
261 | * systemd-resolved can now answer DNSSEC questions through the stub | |
262 | resolver interface in a way that allows local clients to do DNSSEC | |
263 | validation themselves. For a question with DO+CD set, it'll proxy the | |
264 | DNS query and respond with a mostly unmodified packet received from | |
265 | the upstream server. | |
266 | ||
1f3315b8 LP |
267 | * systemd-resolved learnt a new boolean option CacheFromLocalhost= in |
268 | resolved.conf. If true the service will provide caching even for DNS | |
269 | lookups made to an upstream DNS server on the 127.0.0.1/::1 | |
270 | addresses. By default (and when the option is false) systemd-resolved | |
271 | will not cache such lookups, in order to avoid duplicate local | |
272 | caching, under the assumption the local upstream server caches | |
273 | anyway. | |
274 | ||
2b6a8a4b LP |
275 | * systemd-resolved now implements RFC5001 NSID in its local DNS |
276 | stub. This may be used by local clients to determine whether they are | |
277 | talking to the DNS resolver stub or a different DNS server. | |
278 | ||
279 | * When resolving host names and other records resolvectl will now | |
280 | report where the data was acquired from (i.e. the local cache, the | |
281 | network, locally synthesized, …) and whether the network traffic it | |
282 | effected was encrypted or not. Moreover the tool acquired a number of | |
283 | new options --cache=, --synthesize=, --network=, --zone=, | |
284 | --trust-anchor=, --validate= that take booleans and may be used to | |
285 | tweak a lookup, i.e. whether it may be answered from cached | |
286 | information, locally synthesized information, information acquired | |
287 | through the network, the local mDNS/LLMNR zone, the DNSSEC trust | |
288 | anchor, and whether DNSSEC validation shall be executed for the | |
289 | lookup. | |
290 | ||
9ba008cb | 291 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --ambient-capability= setting |
6dd990f3 ZJS |
292 | (AmbientCapability= in .nspawn files) to configure ambient |
293 | capabilities passed to the container payload. | |
294 | ||
295 | * systemd-nspawn gained the ability to configure the firewall using the | |
1f3315b8 | 296 | nftables subsystem (in addition to the existing iptables |
897a2561 | 297 | support). Similarly, systemd-networkd's IPMasquerade= option now |
2b6a8a4b LP |
298 | supports nftables as back-end, too. In both cases NAT on IPv6 is now |
299 | supported too, in addition to IPv4 (the iptables back-end still is | |
1f3315b8 LP |
300 | IPv4-only). |
301 | ||
897a2561 ZJS |
302 | "IPMasquerade=yes", which was the same as "IPMasquerade=ipv4" before, |
303 | retains its meaning, but has been deprecated. Please switch to either | |
304 | "ivp4" or "both" (if covering IPv6 is desired). | |
305 | ||
1f3315b8 LP |
306 | * systemd-importd will now download .verity and .roothash.p7s files |
307 | along with the machine image (as exposed via machinectl pull-raw). | |
6dd990f3 ZJS |
308 | |
309 | * systemd-oomd now gained a new DefaultMemoryPressureDurationSec= | |
310 | setting to configure the time a unit's cgroup needs to exceed memory | |
897a2561 ZJS |
311 | pressure limits before action will be taken, and a new |
312 | ManagedOOMPreference=none|avoid|omit setting to avoid killing certain | |
313 | units. | |
6dd990f3 ZJS |
314 | |
315 | systemd-oomd is now considered fully supported (the usual | |
316 | backwards-compatiblity promises apply). Swap is not required for | |
317 | operation, but it is still recommended. | |
318 | ||
319 | * systemd-timesyncd gained a new ConnectionRetrySec= setting which | |
320 | configures the retry delay when trying to contact servers. | |
321 | ||
322 | * systemd-stdio-bridge gained --system/--user options to connect to the | |
323 | system bus (previous default) or the user session bus. | |
324 | ||
6dd990f3 ZJS |
325 | * systemd-localed may now call locale-gen to generate missing locales |
326 | on-demand (UTF-8-only). This improves integration with Debian-based | |
327 | distributions (Debian/Ubuntu/PureOS/Tanglu/...) and Arch Linux. | |
328 | ||
1f3315b8 LP |
329 | * systemctl --check-inhibitors=true may now be used to obey inhibitors |
330 | even when invoked non-interactively. The old --ignore-inhibitors | |
331 | switch is now deprecated and replaced by --check-inhibitors=false. | |
6dd990f3 ZJS |
332 | |
333 | * systemctl import-environment will now emit a warning when called | |
334 | without any arguments (i.e. to import the full environment block of | |
335 | the called program). This command will usually be invoked from a | |
336 | shell, which means that it'll inherit a bunch of variables which are | |
337 | specific to that shell, and usually to the TTY the shell is connected | |
338 | to, and don't have any meaning in the global context of the system or | |
339 | user service manager. Instead, only specific variables should be | |
340 | imported into the manager environment block. | |
341 | ||
342 | Similarly, programs which update the manager environment block by | |
343 | directly calling the D-Bus API of the manager, should also push | |
344 | specific variables, and not the full inherited environment. | |
345 | ||
1f3315b8 | 346 | * systemctl's status output now shows unit state with a more careful |
2b6a8a4b LP |
347 | choice of Unicode characters: units in maintenance show a "○" symbol |
348 | instead of the usual "●", failed units show "×", and services being | |
349 | reloaded "↻". | |
1f3315b8 | 350 | |
6dd990f3 | 351 | * coredumpctl gained a --debugger-arguments= switch to pass arguments |
2b6a8a4b LP |
352 | to the debugger. It also gained support for showing coredump info in |
353 | a simple JSON format. | |
354 | ||
355 | * systemctl/loginctl/machinectl's --signal= option now accept a special | |
356 | value "list", which may be used to show a brief table with known | |
357 | process signals and their numbers. | |
6dd990f3 ZJS |
358 | |
359 | * networkctl now shows the link activation policy in status. | |
360 | ||
2b6a8a4b | 361 | * Various tools gained --pager/--no-pager/--json= switches to |
6dd990f3 ZJS |
362 | enable/disable the pager and provide JSON output. |
363 | ||
2b6a8a4b LP |
364 | * Various tools now accept two new values for the SYSTEMD_COLORS |
365 | environment variable: "16" and "256", to configure how many terminal | |
366 | colors are used in output. | |
6dd990f3 | 367 | |
2b6a8a4b LP |
368 | * less 568 or newer is now required for the auto-paging logic of the |
369 | various tools. Hyperlink ANSI sequences in terminal output are now | |
370 | used even if a pager is used, and older versions of less are not able | |
371 | to display these sequences correctly. SYSTEMD_URLIFY=0 may be used to | |
372 | disable this output again. | |
6dd990f3 | 373 | |
2b6a8a4b | 374 | * Builds with support for separate / and /usr/ hierarchies ("split-usr" |
6dd990f3 ZJS |
375 | builds, non-merged-usr builds) are now officially deprecated. A |
376 | warning is emitted during build. Support is slated to be removed in | |
377 | about a year (when the Debian Bookworm release development starts). | |
378 | ||
897a2561 ZJS |
379 | * Systems with the legacy cgroup v1 hierarchy are now marked as |
380 | "tainted", to make it clearer that using the legacy hierarchy is not | |
381 | recommended. | |
382 | ||
33e68cce ZJS |
383 | * systemd-localed will now refuse to configure a keymap which is not |
384 | installed in the file system. This is intended as a bug fix, but | |
385 | could break cases where systemd-localed was used to configure the | |
386 | keymap in advanced of it being installed. It is necessary to install | |
387 | the keymap file first. | |
388 | ||
2b6a8a4b | 389 | * The main git development branch has been renamed to 'main'. |
94293d65 | 390 | |
26c59e4e LB |
391 | * mmcblk[0-9]boot[0-9] devices will no longer be probed automatically |
392 | for partitions, as in the vast majority of cases they contain none | |
393 | and are used internally by the bootloader (eg: uboot). | |
394 | ||
1f3315b8 LP |
395 | * systemd will now set the $SYSTEMD_EXEC_PID environment variable for |
396 | spawned processes to the PID of the process itself. This may be used | |
397 | by programs for detecting whether they were forked off by the service | |
398 | manager itself or are a process forked off further down the tree. | |
399 | ||
897a2561 ZJS |
400 | * The sd-device API gained four new calls: sd_device_get_action() to |
401 | determine the uevent add/remove/change/… action the device object has | |
402 | been seen for, sd_device_get_seqno() to determine the uevent sequence | |
403 | number, sd_device_new_from_stat_rdev() to allocate a new sd_device | |
404 | object from stat(2) data of a device node, and sd_device_trigger() to | |
405 | write to the 'uevent' attribute of a device. | |
2b6a8a4b LP |
406 | |
407 | * For most tools the --no-legend= switch has been replaced by | |
408 | --legend=no and --legend=yes, to force whether tables are shown with | |
409 | headers/legends. | |
410 | ||
411 | * Units acquired a new property "Markers" that takes a list of zero, | |
412 | one or two of the following strings: "needs-reload" and | |
413 | "needs-restart". These markers may be set via "systemctl | |
414 | set-property". Once a marker is set, "systemctl reload-or-restart | |
415 | --marked" may be invoked to execute the operation the units are | |
416 | marked for. This is useful for package managers that want to mark | |
417 | units for restart/reload while updating, but effect the actual | |
418 | operations at a later step at once. | |
419 | ||
420 | * The sd_bus_message_read_strv() API call of sd-bus may now also be | |
421 | used to parse arrays of D-Bus signatures and D-Bus paths, in addition | |
422 | to regular strings. | |
423 | ||
424 | * bootctl will now report whether the UEFI firmware used a TPM2 device | |
425 | and measured the boot process into it. | |
426 | ||
427 | * systemd-tmpfiles learnt support for a new environment variable | |
428 | $SYSTEMD_TMPFILES_FORCE_SUBVOL which takes a boolean value. If true | |
429 | the v/q/Q lines in tmpfiles.d/ snippets will create btrfs subvolumes | |
430 | even if the root fs of the system is not itself a btrfs volume. | |
431 | ||
432 | * systemd-detect-virt/ConditionVirtualization= will now explicitly | |
433 | detect Docker/Podman environments where possible. Moreover, they | |
434 | should be able to generically detect any container manager as long as | |
435 | it assigns the container a cgroup. | |
436 | ||
437 | * portablectl gained a new "reattach" verb for detaching/reattaching a | |
438 | portable service image, useful for updating images on-the-fly. | |
439 | ||
d94d261c LP |
440 | * Intel SGX enclave device nodes (which expose a security feature of |
441 | newer Intel CPUs) will now be owned by a new system group "sgx". | |
442 | ||
8ce22551 ZJS |
443 | Contributions from: Adam Nielsen, Adrian Vovk, AJ Jordan, Alan Perry, |
444 | Alastair Pharo, Alexander Batischev, Ali Abdallah, Andrew Balmos, | |
445 | Anita Zhang, Annika Wickert, Ansgar Burchardt, Antonio Terceiro, | |
446 | Antonius Frie, Ardy, Arian van Putten, Ariel Fermani, Arnaud T, | |
447 | A S Alam, Bastien Nocera, Benjamin Berg, Benjamin Robin, Björn Daase, | |
448 | caoxia, Carlo Wood, Charles Lee, ChopperRob, chri2, Christian Ehrhardt, | |
449 | Christian Hesse, Christopher Obbard, clayton craft, corvusnix, cprn, | |
450 | Daan De Meyer, Daniele Medri, Daniel Rusek, Dan Sanders, Dan Streetman, | |
451 | Darren Ng, David Edmundson, David Tardon, Deepak Rawat, Devon Pringle, | |
452 | Dmitry Borodaenko, dropsignal, Einsler Lee, Endre Szabo, | |
453 | Evgeny Vereshchagin, Fabian Affolter, Fangrui Song, Felipe Borges, | |
454 | feliperodriguesfr, Felix Stupp, Florian Hülsmann, Florian Klink, | |
455 | Florian Westphal, Franck Bui, Frantisek Sumsal, Gablegritule, | |
456 | Gaël PORTAY, Gaurav, Giedrius Statkevičius, Greg Depoire-Ferrer, | |
457 | Gustavo Costa, Hans de Goede, Hela Basa, heretoenhance, hide, | |
458 | Iago López Galeiras, igo95862, Ilya Dmitrichenko, Jameer Pathan, | |
459 | Jan Tojnar, Jiehong, Jinyuan Si, Joerg Behrmann, John Slade, | |
460 | Jonathan G. Underwood, Jonathan McDowell, Josh Triplett, Joshua Watt, | |
461 | Julia Cartwright, Julien Humbert, Kairui Song, Karel Zak, | |
462 | Kevin Backhouse, Kevin P. Fleming, Khem Raj, Konomi, krissgjeng, | |
463 | l4gfcm, Lajos Veres, Lennart Poettering, Lincoln Ramsay, Luca Boccassi, | |
464 | Luca BRUNO, Lucas Werkmeister, Luka Kudra, Luna Jernberg, | |
465 | Marc-André Lureau, Martin Wilck, Matthias Klumpp, Matt Turner, | |
466 | Michael Gisbers, Michael Marley, Michael Trapp, Michal Fabik, | |
467 | Michał Kopeć, Michal Koutný, Michal Sekletár, Michele Guerini Rocco, | |
468 | Mike Gilbert, milovlad, moson-mo, Nick, nihilix-melix, Oğuz Ersen, | |
469 | Ondrej Mosnacek, pali, Pavel Hrdina, Pavel Sapezhko, Perry Yuan, | |
470 | Peter Hutterer, Pierre Dubouilh, Piotr Drąg, Pjotr Vertaalt, | |
471 | Richard Laager, RussianNeuroMancer, Sam Lunt, Sebastiaan van Stijn, | |
472 | Sergey Bugaev, shenyangyang4, simmon, Simonas Kazlauskas, | |
473 | Slimane Selyan Amiri, Stefan Agner, Steve Ramage, Susant Sahani, | |
474 | Sven Mueller, Tad Fisher, Takashi Iwai, Thomas Haller, Tom Shield, | |
475 | Topi Miettinen, Torsten Hilbrich, tpgxyz, Tyler Hicks, ulf-f, | |
476 | Ulrich Ölmann, Vincent Pelletier, Vinnie Magro, Vito Caputo, Vlad, | |
477 | walbit-de, Whired Planck, wouter bolsterlee, Xℹ Ruoyao, Yangyang Shen, | |
478 | Yuri Chornoivan, Yu Watanabe, Zach Smith, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, | |
479 | Zmicer Turok, Дамјан Георгиевски | |
d94d261c | 480 | |
9ca34cf5 | 481 | — Berlin, 2021-03-30 |
60d31370 | 482 | |
d0dcf59b | 483 | CHANGES WITH 247: |
bf6e5c57 | 484 | |
d90922fb | 485 | * KERNEL API INCOMPATIBILITY: Linux 4.14 introduced two new uevents |
bf6e5c57 LP |
486 | "bind" and "unbind" to the Linux device model. When this kernel |
487 | change was made, systemd-udevd was only minimally updated to handle | |
488 | and propagate these new event types. The introduction of these new | |
489 | uevents (which are typically generated for USB devices and devices | |
490 | needing a firmware upload before being functional) resulted in a | |
b182195a ZJS |
491 | number of issues which we so far didn't address. We hoped the kernel |
492 | maintainers would themselves address these issues in some form, but | |
493 | that did not happen. To handle them properly, many (if not most) udev | |
494 | rules files shipped in various packages need updating, and so do many | |
495 | programs that monitor or enumerate devices with libudev or sd-device, | |
496 | or otherwise process uevents. Please note that this incompatibility | |
497 | is not fault of systemd or udev, but caused by an incompatible kernel | |
832eedd1 | 498 | change that happened back in Linux 4.14, but is becoming more and |
dc6a3162 | 499 | more visible as the new uevents are generated by more kernel drivers. |
bf6e5c57 LP |
500 | |
501 | To minimize issues resulting from this kernel change (but not avoid | |
502 | them entirely) starting with systemd-udevd 247 the udev "tags" | |
503 | concept (which is a concept for marking and filtering devices during | |
504 | enumeration and monitoring) has been reworked: udev tags are now | |
505 | "sticky", meaning that once a tag is assigned to a device it will not | |
506 | be removed from the device again until the device itself is removed | |
507 | (i.e. unplugged). This makes sure that any application monitoring | |
508 | devices that match a specific tag is guaranteed to both see uevents | |
509 | where the device starts being relevant, and those where it stops | |
510 | being relevant (the latter now regularly happening due to the new | |
511 | "unbind" uevent type). The udev tags concept is hence now a concept | |
512 | tied to a *device* instead of a device *event* — unlike for example | |
513 | udev properties whose lifecycle (as before) is generally tied to a | |
514 | device event, meaning that the previously determined properties are | |
515 | forgotten whenever a new uevent is processed. | |
516 | ||
517 | With the newly redefined udev tags concept, sometimes it's necessary | |
518 | to determine which tags are the ones applied by the most recent | |
519 | uevent/database update, in order to discern them from those | |
520 | originating from earlier uevents/database updates of the same | |
521 | device. To accommodate for this a new automatic property CURRENT_TAGS | |
522 | has been added that works similar to the existing TAGS property but | |
523 | only lists tags set by the most recent uevent/database | |
b182195a ZJS |
524 | update. Similarly, the libudev/sd-device API has been updated with |
525 | new functions to enumerate these 'current' tags, in addition to the | |
bf6e5c57 LP |
526 | existing APIs that now enumerate the 'sticky' ones. |
527 | ||
832eedd1 | 528 | To properly handle "bind"/"unbind" on Linux 4.14 and newer it is |
bf6e5c57 LP |
529 | essential that all udev rules files and applications are updated to |
530 | handle the new events. Specifically: | |
531 | ||
532 | • All rule files that currently use a header guard similar to | |
533 | ACTION!="add|change",GOTO="xyz_end" should be updated to use | |
534 | ACTION=="remove",GOTO="xyz_end" instead, so that the | |
535 | properties/tags they add are also applied whenever "bind" (or | |
536 | "unbind") is seen. (This is most important for all physical device | |
b182195a ZJS |
537 | types — those for which "bind" and "unbind" are currently |
538 | generated, for all other device types this change is still | |
bf6e5c57 LP |
539 | recommended but not as important — but certainly prepares for |
540 | future kernel uevent type additions). | |
541 | ||
b182195a | 542 | • Similarly, all code monitoring devices that contains an 'if' branch |
bf6e5c57 LP |
543 | discerning the "add" + "change" uevent actions from all other |
544 | uevents actions (i.e. considering devices only relevant after "add" | |
545 | or "change", and irrelevant on all other events) should be reworked | |
546 | to instead negatively check for "remove" only (i.e. considering | |
547 | devices relevant after all event types, except for "remove", which | |
548 | invalidates the device). Note that this also means that devices | |
549 | should be considered relevant on "unbind", even though conceptually | |
550 | this — in some form — invalidates the device. Since the precise | |
551 | effect of "unbind" is not generically defined, devices should be | |
552 | considered relevant even after "unbind", however I/O errors | |
553 | accessing the device should then be handled gracefully. | |
554 | ||
555 | • Any code that uses device tags for deciding whether a device is | |
556 | relevant or not most likely needs to be updated to use the new | |
557 | udev_device_has_current_tag() API (or sd_device_has_current_tag() | |
db2db708 LP |
558 | in case sd-device is used), to check whether the tag is set at the |
559 | moment an uevent is seen (as opposed to the existing | |
bf6e5c57 LP |
560 | udev_device_has_tag() API which checks if the tag ever existed on |
561 | the device, following the API concept redefinition explained | |
562 | above). | |
563 | ||
564 | We are very sorry for this breakage and the requirement to update | |
565 | packages using these interfaces. We'd again like to underline that | |
566 | this is not caused by systemd/udev changes, but result of a kernel | |
567 | behaviour change. | |
568 | ||
7bfcc0de LP |
569 | * UPCOMING INCOMPATIBILITY: So far most downstream distribution |
570 | packages have not retriggered devices once the udev package (or any | |
571 | auxiliary package installing additional udev rules) is updated. We | |
572 | intend to work with major distributions to change this, so that | |
573 | "udevadm trigger -a change" is issued on such upgrades, ensuring that | |
574 | the updated ruleset is applied to the devices already discovered, so | |
575 | that (asynchronously) after the upgrade completed the udev database | |
576 | is consistent with the updated rule set. This means udev rules must | |
577 | be ready to be retriggered with a "change" action any time, and | |
578 | result in correct and complete udev database entries. While the | |
579 | majority of udev rule files known to us currently get this right, | |
580 | some don't. Specifically, there are udev rules files included in | |
581 | various packages that only set udev properties on the "add" action, | |
582 | but do not handle the "change" action. If a device matching those | |
583 | rules is retriggered with the "change" action (as is intended here) | |
584 | it would suddenly lose the relevant properties. This always has been | |
48e0abb5 YW |
585 | problematic, but as soon as all udev devices are triggered on relevant |
586 | package upgrades this will become particularly so. It is strongly | |
587 | recommended to fix offending rules so that they can handle a "change" | |
588 | action at any time, and acquire all necessary udev properties even | |
589 | then. Or in other words: the header guard mentioned above | |
590 | (ACTION=="remove",GOTO="xyz_end") is the correct approach to handle | |
591 | this, as it makes sure rules are rerun on "change" correctly, and | |
592 | accumulate the correct and complete set of udev properties. udev rule | |
593 | definitions that cannot handle "change" events being triggered at | |
594 | arbitrary times should be considered buggy. | |
7bfcc0de | 595 | |
db2db708 | 596 | * The MountAPIVFS= service file setting now defaults to on if |
b182195a ZJS |
597 | RootImage= and RootDirectory= are used, which means that with those |
598 | two settings /proc/, /sys/ and /dev/ are automatically properly set | |
599 | up for services. Previous behaviour may be restored by explicitly | |
600 | setting MountAPIVFS=off. | |
db2db708 | 601 | |
bae66f4b LP |
602 | * Since PAM 1.2.0 (2015) configuration snippets may be placed in |
603 | /usr/lib/pam.d/ in addition to /etc/pam.d/. If a file exists in the | |
604 | latter it takes precedence over the former, similar to how most of | |
605 | systemd's own configuration is handled. Given that PAM stack | |
606 | definitions are primarily put together by OS vendors/distributions | |
69e3234d | 607 | (though possibly overridden by users), this systemd release moves its |
bae66f4b LP |
608 | own PAM stack configuration for the "systemd-user" PAM service (i.e. |
609 | for the PAM session invoked by the per-user user@.service instance) | |
610 | from /etc/pam.d/ to /usr/lib/pam.d/. We recommend moving all | |
611 | packages' vendor versions of their PAM stack definitions from | |
612 | /etc/pam.d/ to /usr/lib/pam.d/, but if such OS-wide migration is not | |
613 | desired the location to which systemd installs its PAM stack | |
b182195a | 614 | configuration may be changed via the -Dpamconfdir Meson option. |
bae66f4b | 615 | |
dc6a3162 LP |
616 | * The runtime dependencies on libqrencode, libpcre2, libidn/libidn2, |
617 | libpwquality and libcryptsetup have been changed to be based on | |
618 | dlopen(): instead of regular dynamic library dependencies declared in | |
619 | the binary ELF headers, these libraries are now loaded on demand | |
620 | only, if they are available. If the libraries cannot be found the | |
621 | relevant operations will fail gracefully, or a suitable fallback | |
622 | logic is chosen. This is supposed to be useful for general purpose | |
623 | distributions, as it allows minimizing the list of dependencies the | |
624 | systemd packages pull in, permitting building of more minimal OS | |
625 | images, while still making use of these "weak" dependencies should | |
626 | they be installed. Since many package managers automatically | |
627 | synthesize package dependencies from ELF shared library dependencies, | |
628 | some additional manual packaging work has to be done now to replace | |
629 | those (slightly downgraded from "required" to "recommended" or | |
630 | whatever is conceptually suitable for the package manager). Note that | |
631 | this change does not alter build-time behaviour: as before the | |
632 | build-time dependencies have to be installed during build, even if | |
633 | they now are optional during runtime. | |
db2db708 LP |
634 | |
635 | * sd-event.h gained a new call sd_event_add_time_relative() for | |
636 | installing timers relative to the current time. This is mostly a | |
637 | convenience wrapper around the pre-existing sd_event_add_time() call | |
638 | which installs absolute timers. | |
639 | ||
dc6a3162 LP |
640 | * sd-event event sources may now be placed in a new "exit-on-failure" |
641 | mode, which may be controlled via the new | |
642 | sd_event_source_get_exit_on_failure() and | |
643 | sd_event_source_set_exit_on_failure() functions. If enabled, any | |
644 | failure returned by the event source handler functions will result in | |
645 | exiting the event loop (unlike the default behaviour of just | |
646 | disabling the event source but continuing with the event loop). This | |
647 | feature is useful to set for all event sources that define "primary" | |
648 | program behaviour (where failure should be fatal) in contrast to | |
649 | "auxiliary" behaviour (where failure should remain local). | |
650 | ||
651 | * Most event source types sd-event supports now accept a NULL handler | |
652 | function, in which case the event loop is exited once the event | |
653 | source is to be dispatched, using the userdata pointer — converted to | |
654 | a signed integer — as exit code of the event loop. Previously this | |
655 | was supported for IO and signal event sources already. Exit event | |
656 | sources still do not support this (simply because it makes little | |
657 | sense there, as the event loop is already exiting when they are | |
658 | dispatched). | |
659 | ||
db2db708 LP |
660 | * A new per-unit setting RootImageOptions= has been added which allows |
661 | tweaking the mount options for any file system mounted as effect of | |
662 | the RootImage= setting. | |
663 | ||
664 | * Another new per-unit setting MountImages= has been added, that allows | |
665 | mounting additional disk images into the file system tree accessible | |
666 | to the service. | |
667 | ||
6fc5b951 | 668 | * Timer units gained a new FixedRandomDelay= boolean setting. If |
b5e798de ZJS |
669 | enabled, the random delay configured with RandomizedDelaySec= is |
670 | selected in a way that is stable on a given system (though still | |
671 | different for different units). | |
6fc5b951 LP |
672 | |
673 | * Socket units gained a new setting Timestamping= that takes "us", "ns" | |
674 | or "off". This controls the SO_TIMESTAMP/SO_TIMESTAMPNS socket | |
675 | options. | |
676 | ||
b182195a ZJS |
677 | * systemd-repart now generates JSON output when requested with the new |
678 | --json= switch. | |
db2db708 LP |
679 | |
680 | * systemd-machined's OpenMachineShell() bus call will now pass | |
681 | additional policy metadata data fields to the PolicyKit | |
682 | authentication request. | |
683 | ||
684 | * systemd-tmpfiles gained a new -E switch, which is equivalent to | |
685 | --exclude-prefix=/dev --exclude-prefix=/proc --exclude=/run | |
686 | --exclude=/sys. It's particularly useful in combination with --root=, | |
687 | when operating on OS trees that do not have any of these four runtime | |
688 | directories mounted, as this means no files below these subtrees are | |
689 | created or modified, since those mount points should probably remain | |
690 | empty. | |
691 | ||
b182195a ZJS |
692 | * systemd-tmpfiles gained a new --image= switch which is like --root=, |
693 | but takes a disk image instead of a directory as argument. The | |
694 | specified disk image is mounted inside a temporary mount namespace | |
695 | and the tmpfiles.d/ drop-ins stored in the image are executed and | |
696 | applied to the image. systemd-sysusers similarly gained a new | |
697 | --image= switch, that allows the sysusers.d/ drop-ins stored in the | |
698 | image to be applied onto the image. | |
db2db708 | 699 | |
b182195a ZJS |
700 | * Similarly, the journalctl command also gained an --image= switch, |
701 | which is a quick one-step solution to look at the log data included | |
702 | in OS disk images. | |
db2db708 LP |
703 | |
704 | * journalctl's --output=cat option (which outputs the log content | |
705 | without any metadata, just the pure text messages) will now make use | |
b182195a | 706 | of terminal colors when run on a suitable terminal, similarly to the |
db2db708 LP |
707 | other output modes. |
708 | ||
709 | * JSON group records now support a "description" string that may be | |
710 | used to add a human-readable textual description to such groups. This | |
711 | is supposed to match the user's GECOS field which traditionally | |
712 | didn't have a counterpart for group records. | |
713 | ||
714 | * The "systemd-dissect" tool that may be used to inspect OS disk images | |
715 | and that was previously installed to /usr/lib/systemd/ has now been | |
b182195a | 716 | moved to /usr/bin/, reflecting its updated status of an officially |
db2db708 LP |
717 | supported tool with a stable interface. It gained support for a new |
718 | --mkdir switch which when combined with --mount has the effect of | |
719 | creating the directory to mount the image to if it is missing | |
720 | first. It also gained two new commands --copy-from and --copy-to for | |
721 | copying files and directories in and out of an OS image without the | |
722 | need to manually mount it. It also acquired support for a new option | |
b182195a | 723 | --json= to generate JSON output when inspecting an OS image. |
db2db708 LP |
724 | |
725 | * The cgroup2 file system is now mounted with the | |
726 | "memory_recursiveprot" mount option, supported since kernel 5.7. This | |
727 | means that the MemoryLow= and MemoryMin= unit file settings now apply | |
728 | recursively to whole subtrees. | |
729 | ||
730 | * systemd-homed now defaults to using the btrfs file system — if | |
731 | available — when creating home directories in LUKS volumes. This may | |
b182195a ZJS |
732 | be changed with the DefaultFileSystemType= setting in homed.conf. |
733 | It's now the default file system in various major distributions and | |
734 | has the major benefit for homed that it can be grown and shrunk while | |
735 | mounted, unlike the other contenders ext4 and xfs, which can both be | |
736 | grown online, but not shrunk (in fact xfs is the technically most | |
737 | limited option here, as it cannot be shrunk at all). | |
db2db708 LP |
738 | |
739 | * JSON user records managed by systemd-homed gained support for | |
740 | "recovery keys". These are basically secondary passphrases that can | |
b182195a ZJS |
741 | unlock user accounts/home directories. They are computer-generated |
742 | rather than user-chosen, and typically have greater entropy. | |
743 | homectl's --recovery-key= option may be used to add a recovery key to | |
744 | a user account. The generated recovery key is displayed as a QR code, | |
745 | so that it can be scanned to be kept in a safe place. This feature is | |
746 | particularly useful in combination with systemd-homed's support for | |
747 | FIDO2 or PKCS#11 authentication, as a secure fallback in case the | |
748 | security tokens are lost. Recovery keys may be entered wherever the | |
749 | system asks for a password. | |
db2db708 LP |
750 | |
751 | * systemd-homed now maintains a "dirty" flag for each LUKS encrypted | |
b182195a | 752 | home directory which indicates that a home directory has not been |
db2db708 LP |
753 | deactivated cleanly when offline. This flag is useful to identify |
754 | home directories for which the offline discard logic did not run when | |
755 | offlining, and where it would be a good idea to log in again to catch | |
756 | up. | |
757 | ||
758 | * systemctl gained a new parameter --timestamp= which may be used to | |
759 | change the style in which timestamps are output, i.e. whether to show | |
760 | them in local timezone or UTC, or whether to show µs granularity. | |
761 | ||
762 | * Alibaba's "pouch" container manager is now detected by | |
dc6a3162 LP |
763 | systemd-detect-virt, ConditionVirtualization= and similar |
764 | constructs. Similar, they now also recognize IBM PowerVM machine | |
765 | virtualization. | |
db2db708 LP |
766 | |
767 | * systemd-nspawn has been reworked to use the /run/host/incoming/ as | |
768 | place to use for propagating external mounts into the | |
b182195a ZJS |
769 | container. Similarly /run/host/notify is now used as the socket path |
770 | for container payloads to communicate with the container manager | |
771 | using sd_notify(). The container manager now uses the | |
772 | /run/host/inaccessible/ directory to place "inaccessible" file nodes | |
773 | of all relevant types which may be used by the container payload as | |
774 | bind mount source to over-mount inodes to make them inaccessible. | |
775 | /run/host/container-manager will now be initialized with the same | |
776 | string as the $container environment variable passed to the | |
777 | container's PID 1. /run/host/container-uuid will be initialized with | |
778 | the same string as $container_uuid. This means the /run/host/ | |
779 | hierarchy is now the primary way to make host resources available to | |
780 | the container. The Container Interface documents these new files and | |
781 | directories: | |
db2db708 LP |
782 | |
783 | https://systemd.io/CONTAINER_INTERFACE | |
784 | ||
785 | * Support for the "ConditionNull=" unit file condition has been | |
b182195a ZJS |
786 | deprecated and undocumented for 6 years. systemd started to warn |
787 | about its use 1.5 years ago. It has now been removed entirely. | |
db2db708 | 788 | |
db2db708 LP |
789 | * sd-bus.h gained a new API call sd_bus_error_has_names(), which takes |
790 | a sd_bus_error struct and a list of error names, and checks if the | |
791 | error matches one of these names. It's a convenience wrapper that is | |
792 | useful in cases where multiple errors shall be handled the same way. | |
793 | ||
794 | * A new system call filter list "@known" has been added, that contains | |
b182195a | 795 | all system calls known at the time systemd was built. |
db2db708 LP |
796 | |
797 | * Behaviour of system call filter allow lists has changed slightly: | |
798 | system calls that are contained in @known will result in a EPERM by | |
799 | default, while those not contained in it result in ENOSYS. This | |
dc6a3162 | 800 | should improve compatibility because known system calls will thus be |
db2db708 LP |
801 | communicated as prohibited, while unknown (and thus newer ones) will |
802 | be communicated as not implemented, which hopefully has the greatest | |
803 | chance of triggering the right fallback code paths in client | |
804 | applications. | |
805 | ||
dc6a3162 LP |
806 | * "systemd-analyze syscall-filter" will now show two separate sections |
807 | at the bottom of the output: system calls known during systemd build | |
808 | time but not included in any of the filter groups shown above, and | |
809 | system calls defined on the local kernel but known during systemd | |
810 | build time. | |
811 | ||
812 | * If the $SYSTEMD_LOG_SECCOMP=1 environment variable is set for | |
813 | systemd-nspawn all system call filter violations will be logged by | |
814 | the kernel (audit). This is useful for tracking down system calls | |
815 | invoked by container payloads that are prohibited by the container's | |
816 | system call filter policy. | |
817 | ||
6fc5b951 LP |
818 | * If the $SYSTEMD_SECCOMP=0 environment variable is set for |
819 | systemd-nspawn (and other programs that use seccomp) all seccomp | |
820 | filtering is turned off. | |
821 | ||
db2db708 | 822 | * Two new unit file settings ProtectProc= and ProcSubset= have been |
b182195a ZJS |
823 | added that expose the hidepid= and subset= mount options of procfs. |
824 | All processes of the unit will only see processes in /proc that are | |
825 | are owned by the unit's user. This is an important new sandboxing | |
826 | option that is recommended to be set on all system services. All | |
827 | long-running system services that are included in systemd itself set | |
828 | this option now. This option is only supported on kernel 5.8 and | |
829 | above, since the hidepid= option supported on older kernels was not a | |
830 | per-mount option but actually applied to the whole PID namespace. | |
db2db708 LP |
831 | |
832 | * Socket units gained a new boolean setting FlushPending=. If enabled | |
833 | all pending socket data/connections are flushed whenever the socket | |
834 | unit enters the "listening" state, i.e. after the associated service | |
835 | exited. | |
836 | ||
b182195a ZJS |
837 | * The unit file setting NUMAMask= gained a new "all" value: when used, |
838 | all existing NUMA nodes are added to the NUMA mask. | |
db2db708 LP |
839 | |
840 | * A new "credentials" logic has been added to system services. This is | |
841 | a simple mechanism to pass privileged data to services in a safe and | |
842 | secure way. It's supposed to be used to pass per-service secret data | |
843 | such as passwords or cryptographic keys but also associated less | |
844 | private information such as user names, certificates, and similar to | |
845 | system services. Each credential is identified by a short user-chosen | |
846 | name and may contain arbitrary binary data. Two new unit file | |
b182195a ZJS |
847 | settings have been added: SetCredential= and LoadCredential=. The |
848 | former allows setting a credential to a literal string, the latter | |
849 | sets a credential to the contents of a file (or data read from a | |
850 | user-chosen AF_UNIX stream socket). Credentials are passed to the | |
851 | service via a special credentials directory, one file for each | |
852 | credential. The path to the credentials directory is passed in a new | |
853 | $CREDENTIALS_DIRECTORY environment variable. Since the credentials | |
db2db708 | 854 | are passed in the file system they may be easily referenced in |
b182195a ZJS |
855 | ExecStart= command lines too, thus no explicit support for the |
856 | credentials logic in daemons is required (though ideally daemons | |
857 | would look for the bits they need in $CREDENTIALS_DIRECTORY | |
858 | themselves automatically, if set). The $CREDENTIALS_DIRECTORY is | |
859 | backed by unswappable memory if privileges allow it, immutable if | |
860 | privileges allow it, is accessible only to the service's UID, and is | |
861 | automatically destroyed when the service stops. | |
db2db708 LP |
862 | |
863 | * systemd-nspawn supports the same credentials logic. It can both | |
864 | consume credentials passed to it via the aforementioned | |
865 | $CREDENTIALS_DIRECTORY protocol as well as pass these credentials on | |
866 | to its payload. The service manager/PID 1 has been updated to match | |
867 | this: it can also accept credentials from the container manager that | |
b182195a ZJS |
868 | invokes it (in fact: any process that invokes it), and passes them on |
869 | to its services. Thus, credentials can be propagated recursively down | |
870 | the tree: from a system's service manager to a systemd-nspawn | |
871 | service, to the service manager that runs as container payload and to | |
872 | the service it runs below. Credentials may also be added on the | |
873 | systemd-nspawn command line, using new --set-credential= and | |
874 | --load-credential= command line switches that match the | |
875 | aforementioned service settings. | |
db2db708 LP |
876 | |
877 | * systemd-repart gained new settings Format=, Encrypt=, CopyFiles= in | |
878 | the partition drop-ins which may be used to format/LUKS | |
879 | encrypt/populate any created partitions. The partitions are | |
880 | encrypted/formatted/populated before they are registered in the | |
b182195a ZJS |
881 | partition table, so that they appear atomically: either the |
882 | partitions do not exist yet or they exist fully encrypted, formatted, | |
883 | and populated — there is no time window where they are | |
884 | "half-initialized". Thus the system is robust to abrupt shutdown: if | |
885 | the tool is terminated half-way during its operations on next boot it | |
886 | will start from the beginning. | |
db2db708 LP |
887 | |
888 | * systemd-repart's --size= operation gained a new "auto" value. If | |
889 | specified, and operating on a loopback file it is automatically sized | |
890 | to the minimal size the size constraints permit. This is useful to | |
891 | use "systemd-repart" as an image builder for minimally sized images. | |
892 | ||
b182195a ZJS |
893 | * systemd-resolved now gained a third IPC interface for requesting name |
894 | resolution: besides D-Bus and local DNS to 127.0.0.53 a Varlink | |
895 | interface is now supported. The nss-resolve NSS module has been | |
896 | modified to use this new interface instead of D-Bus. Using Varlink | |
897 | has a major benefit over D-Bus: it works without a broker service, | |
898 | and thus already during earliest boot, before the dbus daemon has | |
899 | been started. This means name resolution via systemd-resolved now | |
900 | works at the same time systemd-networkd operates: from earliest boot | |
901 | on, including in the initrd. | |
db2db708 LP |
902 | |
903 | * systemd-resolved gained support for a new DNSStubListenerExtra= | |
904 | configuration file setting which may be used to specify additional IP | |
905 | addresses the built-in DNS stub shall listen on, in addition to the | |
906 | main one on 127.0.0.53:53. | |
907 | ||
908 | * Name lookups issued via systemd-resolved's D-Bus and Varlink | |
909 | interfaces (and thus also via glibc NSS if nss-resolve is used) will | |
910 | now honour a trailing dot in the hostname: if specified the search | |
b182195a ZJS |
911 | path logic is turned off. Thus "resolvectl query foo." is now |
912 | equivalent to "resolvectl query --search=off foo.". | |
db2db708 LP |
913 | |
914 | * systemd-resolved gained a new D-Bus property "ResolvConfMode" that | |
915 | exposes how /etc/resolv.conf is currently managed: by resolved (and | |
916 | in which mode if so) or another subsystem. "resolvctl" will display | |
917 | this property in its status output. | |
918 | ||
919 | * The resolv.conf snippets systemd-resolved provides will now set "." | |
b182195a ZJS |
920 | as the search domain if no other search domain is known. This turns |
921 | off the derivation of an implicit search domain by nss-dns for the | |
922 | hostname, when the hostname is set to an FQDN. This change is done to | |
923 | make nss-dns using resolv.conf provided by systemd-resolved behave | |
924 | more similarly to nss-resolve. | |
db2db708 LP |
925 | |
926 | * systemd-tmpfiles' file "aging" logic (i.e. the automatic clean-up of | |
927 | /tmp/ and /var/tmp/ based on file timestamps) now looks at the | |
b182195a ZJS |
928 | "birth" time (btime) of a file in addition to the atime, mtime, and |
929 | ctime. | |
db2db708 LP |
930 | |
931 | * systemd-analyze gained a new verb "capability" that lists all known | |
932 | capabilities by the systemd build and by the kernel. | |
933 | ||
934 | * If a file /usr/lib/clock-epoch exists, PID 1 will read its mtime and | |
935 | advance the system clock to it at boot if it is noticed to be before | |
936 | that time. Previously, PID 1 would only advance the time to an epoch | |
937 | time that is set during build-time. With this new file OS builders | |
938 | can change this epoch timestamp on individual OS images without | |
939 | having to rebuild systemd. | |
940 | ||
941 | * systemd-logind will now listen to the KEY_RESTART key from the Linux | |
b182195a ZJS |
942 | input layer and reboot the system if it is pressed, similarly to how |
943 | it already handles KEY_POWER, KEY_SUSPEND or KEY_SLEEP. KEY_RESTART | |
944 | was originally defined in the Multimedia context (to restart playback | |
945 | of a song or film), but is now primarily used in various embedded | |
946 | devices for "Reboot" buttons. Accordingly, systemd-logind will now | |
947 | honour it as such. This may configured in more detail via the new | |
db2db708 LP |
948 | HandleRebootKey= and RebootKeyIgnoreInhibited=. |
949 | ||
950 | * systemd-nspawn/systemd-machined will now reconstruct hardlinks when | |
951 | copying OS trees, for example in "systemd-nspawn --ephemeral", | |
952 | "systemd-nspawn --template=", "machinectl clone" and similar. This is | |
953 | useful when operating with OSTree images, which use hardlinks heavily | |
954 | throughout, and where such copies previously resulting in "exploding" | |
955 | hardlinks. | |
956 | ||
957 | * systemd-nspawn's --console= setting gained support for a new | |
958 | "autopipe" value, which is identical to "interactive" when invoked on | |
959 | a TTY, and "pipe" otherwise. | |
960 | ||
961 | * systemd-networkd's .network files gained support for explicitly | |
962 | configuring the multicast membership entries of bridge devices in the | |
963 | [BridgeMDB] section. It also gained support for the PIE queuing | |
964 | discipline in the [FlowQueuePIE] sections. | |
965 | ||
966 | * systemd-networkd's .netdev files may now be used to create "BareUDP" | |
905a03e7 | 967 | tunnels, configured in the new [BareUDP] setting. |
db2db708 | 968 | |
dc6a3162 | 969 | * systemd-networkd's Gateway= setting in .network files now accepts the |
70a51d7e YW |
970 | special values "_dhcp4" and "_ipv6ra" to configure additional, |
971 | locally defined, explicit routes to the gateway acquired via DHCP or | |
972 | IPv6 Router Advertisements. The old setting "_dhcp" is deprecated, | |
973 | but still accepted for backwards compatibility. | |
dc6a3162 | 974 | |
cb9a48a9 ZJS |
975 | * systemd-networkd's [IPv6PrefixDelegation] section and |
976 | IPv6PrefixDelegation= options have been renamed as [IPv6SendRA] and | |
977 | IPv6SendRA= (the old names are still accepted for backwards | |
978 | compatibility). | |
979 | ||
70a51d7e YW |
980 | * systemd-networkd's .network files gained the DHCPv6PrefixDelegation= |
981 | boolean setting in [Network] section. If enabled, the delegated prefix | |
982 | gained by another link will be configured, and an address within the | |
983 | prefix will be assigned. | |
984 | ||
985 | * systemd-networkd's .network files gained the Announce= boolean setting | |
986 | in [DHCPv6PrefixDelegation] section. When enabled, the delegated | |
987 | prefix will be announced through IPv6 router advertisement (IPv6 RA). | |
988 | The setting is enabled by default. | |
989 | ||
905a03e7 ZJS |
990 | * VXLAN tunnels may now be marked as independent of any underlying |
991 | network interface via the new Independent= boolean setting. | |
70a51d7e | 992 | |
b182195a ZJS |
993 | * systemctl gained support for two new verbs: "service-log-level" and |
994 | "service-log-target" may be used on services that implement the | |
995 | generic org.freedesktop.LogControl1 D-Bus interface to dynamically | |
996 | adjust the log level and target. All of systemd's long-running | |
997 | services support this now, but ideally all system services would | |
998 | implement this interface to make the system more uniformly | |
db2db708 LP |
999 | debuggable. |
1000 | ||
1001 | * The SystemCallErrorNumber= unit file setting now accepts the new | |
1002 | "kill" and "log" actions, in addition to arbitrary error number | |
10f34849 YW |
1003 | specifications as before. If "kill" the processes are killed on the |
1004 | event, if "log" the offending system call is audit logged. | |
db2db708 LP |
1005 | |
1006 | * A new SystemCallLog= unit file setting has been added that accepts a | |
dc6a3162 | 1007 | list of system calls that shall be logged about (audit). |
db2db708 LP |
1008 | |
1009 | * The OS image dissection logic (as used by RootImage= in unit files or | |
b182195a | 1010 | systemd-nspawn's --image= switch) has gained support for identifying |
db2db708 LP |
1011 | and mounting explicit /usr/ partitions, which are now defined in the |
1012 | discoverable partition specification. This should be useful for | |
1013 | environments where the root file system is | |
1014 | generated/formatted/populated dynamically on first boot and combined | |
1015 | with an immutable /usr/ tree that is supplied by the vendor. | |
1016 | ||
1017 | * In the final phase of shutdown, within the systemd-shutdown binary | |
1018 | we'll now try to detach MD devices (i.e software RAID) in addition to | |
1019 | loopback block devices and DM devices as before. This is supposed to | |
1020 | be a safety net only, in order to increase robustness if things go | |
1021 | wrong. Storage subsystems are expected to properly detach their | |
1022 | storage volumes during regular shutdown already (or in case of | |
1023 | storage backing the root file system: in the initrd hook we return to | |
1024 | later). | |
1025 | ||
1026 | * If the SYSTEMD_LOG_TID environment variable is set all systemd tools | |
1027 | will now log the thread ID in their log output. This is useful when | |
1028 | working with heavily threaded programs. | |
1029 | ||
dc6a3162 | 1030 | * If the SYSTEMD_RDRAND environment variable is set to "0", systemd will |
b182195a ZJS |
1031 | not use the RDRAND CPU instruction. This is useful in environments |
1032 | such as replay debuggers where non-deterministic behaviour is not | |
1033 | desirable. | |
db2db708 | 1034 | |
dc6a3162 LP |
1035 | * The autopaging logic in systemd's various tools (such as systemctl) |
1036 | has been updated to turn on "secure" mode in "less" | |
1037 | (i.e. $LESSECURE=1) if execution in a "sudo" environment is | |
1038 | detected. This disables invoking external programs from the pager, | |
1039 | via the pipe logic. This behaviour may be overridden via the new | |
1040 | $SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE environment variable. | |
db2db708 | 1041 | |
6e88f9e7 ZJS |
1042 | * Units which have resource limits (.service, .mount, .swap, .slice, |
1043 | .socket, and .slice) gained new configuration settings | |
1044 | ManagedOOMSwap=, ManagedOOMMemoryPressure=, and | |
90616bb9 | 1045 | ManagedOOMMemoryPressureLimitPercent= that specify resource pressure |
6e88f9e7 ZJS |
1046 | limits and optional action taken by systemd-oomd. |
1047 | ||
1048 | * A new service systemd-oomd has been added. It monitors resource | |
1049 | contention for selected parts of the unit hierarchy using the PSI | |
1050 | information reported by the kernel, and kills processes when memory | |
1051 | or swap pressure is above configured limits. This service is only | |
08c1864f ZJS |
1052 | enabled by default in developer mode (see below) and should be |
1053 | considered a preview in this release. Behaviour details and option | |
1054 | names are subject to change without the usual backwards-compatibility | |
1055 | promises. | |
6e88f9e7 ZJS |
1056 | |
1057 | * A new helper oomctl has been added to introspect systemd-oomd state. | |
042b028a | 1058 | It is only enabled by default in developer mode and should be |
08c1864f ZJS |
1059 | considered a preview without the usual backwards-compatibility |
1060 | promises. | |
6e88f9e7 ZJS |
1061 | |
1062 | * New meson option -Dcompat-mutable-uid-boundaries= has been added. If | |
1063 | enabled, systemd reads the system UID boundaries from /etc/login.defs | |
1064 | at runtime, instead of using the built-in values selected during | |
1065 | build. This is an option to improve compatibility for upgrades from | |
1066 | old systems. It's strongly recommended not to make use of this | |
1067 | functionality on new systems (or even enable it during build), as it | |
1068 | makes something runtime-configurable that is mostly an implementation | |
1069 | detail of the OS, and permits avoidable differences in deployments | |
1070 | that create all kinds of problems in the long run. | |
1071 | ||
1072 | * New meson option '-Dmode=developer|release' has been added. When | |
1073 | 'developer', additional checks and features are enabled that are | |
1074 | relevant during upstream development, e.g. verification that | |
1075 | semi-automatically-generated documentation has been properly updated | |
1076 | following API changes. Those checks are considered hints for | |
1077 | developers and are not actionable in downstream builds. In addition, | |
1078 | extra features that are not ready for general consumption may be | |
1079 | enabled in developer mode. It is thus recommended to set | |
1080 | '-Dmode=release' in end-user and distro builds. | |
1081 | ||
da7511d5 LP |
1082 | * systemd-cryptsetup gained support for processing detached LUKS |
1083 | headers specified on the kernel command line via the header= | |
1084 | parameter of the luks.options= kernel command line option. The same | |
1085 | device/path syntax as for key files is supported for header files | |
1086 | like this. | |
1087 | ||
1088 | * The "net_id" built-in of udev has been updated to ignore ACPI _SUN | |
1089 | slot index data for devices that are connected through a PCI bridge | |
1090 | where the _SUN index is associated with the bridge instead of the | |
1091 | network device itself. Previously this would create ambiguous device | |
1092 | naming if multiple network interfaces were connected to the same PCI | |
1093 | bridge. Since this is a naming scheme incompatibility on systems that | |
1094 | possess hardware like this it has been introduced as new naming | |
1095 | scheme "v247". The previous scheme can be selected via the | |
1096 | "net.naming-scheme=v245" kernel command line parameter. | |
1097 | ||
1098 | * ConditionFirstBoot= semantics have been modified to be safe towards | |
1099 | abnormal system power-off during first boot. Specifically, the | |
1100 | "systemd-machine-id-commit.service" service now acts as boot | |
1101 | milestone indicating when the first boot process is sufficiently | |
1102 | complete in order to not consider the next following boot also a | |
1103 | first boot. If the system is reset before this unit is reached the | |
1104 | first time, the next boot will still be considered a first boot; once | |
1105 | it has been reached, no further boots will be considered a first | |
1106 | boot. The "first-boot-complete.target" unit now acts as official hook | |
1107 | point to order against this. If a service shall be run on every boot | |
1108 | until the first boot fully succeeds it may thus be ordered before | |
1109 | this target unit (and pull it in) and carry ConditionFirstBoot= | |
1110 | appropriately. | |
1111 | ||
1112 | * bootctl's set-default and set-oneshot commands now accept the three | |
1113 | special strings "@default", "@oneshot", "@current" in place of a boot | |
1114 | entry id. These strings are resolved to the current default and | |
1115 | oneshot boot loader entry, as well as the currently booted one. Thus | |
1116 | a command "bootctl set-default @current" may be used to make the | |
1117 | currently boot menu item the new default for all subsequent boots. | |
1118 | ||
da7511d5 LP |
1119 | * "systemctl edit" has been updated to show the original effective unit |
1120 | contents in commented form in the text editor. | |
1121 | ||
9101cd1a ZJS |
1122 | * Units in user mode are now segregated into three new slices: |
1123 | session.slice (units that form the core of graphical session), | |
1124 | app.slice ("normal" user applications), and background.slice | |
1125 | (low-priority tasks). Unless otherwise configured, user units are | |
1126 | placed in app.slice. The plan is to add resource limits and | |
1127 | protections for the different slices in the future. | |
1128 | ||
7bfcc0de LP |
1129 | * New GPT partition types for RISCV32/64 for the root and /usr |
1130 | partitions, and their associated Verity partitions have been defined, | |
1131 | and are now understood by systemd-gpt-auto-generator, and the OS | |
1132 | image dissection logic. | |
1133 | ||
a5322567 | 1134 | Contributions from: Adolfo Jayme Barrientos, afg, Alec Moskvin, Alyssa |
6fc5b951 | 1135 | Ross, Amitanand Chikorde, Andrew Hangsleben, Anita Zhang, Ansgar |
a5322567 LP |
1136 | Burchardt, Arian van Putten, Aurelien Jarno, Axel Rasmussen, bauen1, |
1137 | Beniamino Galvani, Benjamin Berg, Bjørn Mork, brainrom, Chandradeep | |
d0dcf59b ZJS |
1138 | Dey, Charles Lee, Chris Down, Christian Göttsche, Christof Efkemann, |
1139 | Christoph Ruegge, Clemens Gruber, Daan De Meyer, Daniele Medri, Daniel | |
1140 | Mack, Daniel Rusek, Dan Streetman, David Tardon, Dimitri John Ledkov, | |
1141 | Dmitry Borodaenko, Elias Probst, Elisei Roca, ErrantSpore, Etienne | |
1142 | Doms, Fabrice Fontaine, fangxiuning, Felix Riemann, Florian Klink, | |
1143 | Franck Bui, Frantisek Sumsal, fwSmit, George Rawlinson, germanztz, | |
1144 | Gibeom Gwon, Glen Whitney, Gogo Gogsi, Göran Uddeborg, Grant Mathews, | |
1145 | Hans de Goede, Hans Ulrich Niedermann, Haochen Tong, Harald Seiler, | |
1146 | huangyong, Hubert Kario, igo95862, Ikey Doherty, Insun Pyo, Jan Chren, | |
1147 | Jan Schlüter, Jérémy Nouhaud, Jian-Hong Pan, Joerg Behrmann, Jonathan | |
1148 | Lebon, Jörg Thalheim, Josh Brobst, Juergen Hoetzel, Julien Humbert, | |
1149 | Kai-Chuan Hsieh, Kairui Song, Kamil Dudka, Kir Kolyshkin, Kristijan | |
1150 | Gjoshev, Kyle Huey, Kyle Russell, Lee Whalen, Lennart Poettering, | |
1151 | lichangze, Luca Boccassi, Lucas Werkmeister, Luca Weiss, Marc | |
1152 | Kleine-Budde, Marco Wang, Martin Wilck, Marti Raudsepp, masmullin2000, | |
1153 | Máté Pozsgay, Matt Fenwick, Michael Biebl, Michael Scherer, Michal | |
1154 | Koutný, Michal Sekletár, Michal Suchanek, Mikael Szreder, Milo | |
1155 | Casagrande, mirabilos, Mitsuha_QuQ, mog422, Muhammet Kara, Nazar | |
1156 | Vinnichuk, Nicholas Narsing, Nicolas Fella, Njibhu, nl6720, Oğuz Ersen, | |
1157 | Olivier Le Moal, Ondrej Kozina, onlybugreports, Pass Automated Testing | |
1158 | Suite, Pat Coulthard, Pavel Sapezhko, Pedro Ruiz, perry_yuan, Peter | |
1159 | Hutterer, Phaedrus Leeds, PhoenixDiscord, Piotr Drąg, Plan C, | |
1160 | Purushottam choudhary, Rasmus Villemoes, Renaud Métrich, Robert Marko, | |
1161 | Roman Beranek, Ronan Pigott, Roy Chen (陳彥廷), RussianNeuroMancer, | |
1162 | Samanta Navarro, Samuel BF, scootergrisen, Sorin Ionescu, Steve Dodd, | |
1163 | Susant Sahani, Timo Rothenpieler, Tobias Hunger, Tobias Kaufmann, Topi | |
1164 | Miettinen, vanou, Vito Caputo, Weblate, Wen Yang, Whired Planck, | |
1165 | williamvds, Yu, Li-Yu, Yuri Chornoivan, Yu Watanabe, Zbigniew | |
1166 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Zmicer Turok, Дамјан Георгиевски | |
1167 | ||
1168 | – Warsaw, 2020-11-26 | |
a5322567 | 1169 | |
72e51908 | 1170 | CHANGES WITH 246: |
b0d0e0ef | 1171 | |
7f56c26d ZJS |
1172 | * The service manager gained basic support for cgroup v2 freezer. Units |
1173 | can now be suspended or resumed either using new systemctl verbs, | |
1174 | freeze and thaw respectively, or via D-Bus. | |
1175 | ||
1176 | * PID 1 may now automatically load pre-compiled AppArmor policies from | |
1177 | /etc/apparmor/earlypolicy during early boot. | |
1178 | ||
1179 | * The CPUAffinity= setting in service unit files now supports a new | |
1180 | special value "numa" that causes the CPU affinity masked to be set | |
1181 | based on the NUMA mask. | |
1182 | ||
1183 | * systemd will now log about all left-over processes remaining in a | |
1184 | unit when the unit is stopped. It will now warn about services using | |
1185 | KillMode=none, as this is generally an unsafe thing to make use of. | |
1186 | ||
1187 | * Two new unit file settings | |
1188 | ConditionPathIsEncrypted=/AssertPathIsEncrypted= have been | |
1189 | added. They may be used to check whether a specific file system path | |
1190 | resides on a block device that is encrypted on the block level | |
1191 | (i.e. using dm-crypt/LUKS). | |
1192 | ||
1193 | * Another pair of new settings ConditionEnvironment=/AssertEnvironment= | |
1194 | has been added that may be used for simple environment checks. This | |
1195 | is particularly useful when passing in environment variables from a | |
1196 | container manager (or from PAM in case of the systemd --user | |
1197 | instance). | |
1198 | ||
1199 | * .service unit files now accept a new setting CoredumpFilter= which | |
1200 | allows configuration of the memory sections coredumps of the | |
1201 | service's processes shall include. | |
1202 | ||
1203 | * .mount units gained a new ReadWriteOnly= boolean option. If set | |
1204 | it will not be attempted to mount a file system read-only if mounting | |
1205 | in read-write mode doesn't succeed. An option x-systemd.rw-only is | |
1206 | available in /etc/fstab to control the same. | |
1207 | ||
1208 | * .socket units gained a new boolean setting PassPacketInfo=. If | |
1209 | enabled, the kernel will attach additional per-packet metadata to all | |
5149990e CR |
1210 | packets read from the socket, as an ancillary message. This controls |
1211 | the IP_PKTINFO, IPV6_RECVPKTINFO, NETLINK_PKTINFO socket options, | |
7f56c26d ZJS |
1212 | depending on socket type. |
1213 | ||
1214 | * .service units gained a new setting RootHash= which may be used to | |
1215 | specify the root hash for verity enabled disk images which are | |
1216 | specified in RootImage=. RootVerity= may be used to specify a path to | |
1217 | the Verity data matching a RootImage= file system. (The latter is | |
1218 | only useful for images that do not contain the Verity data embedded | |
1219 | into the same image that carries a GPT partition table following the | |
1220 | Discoverable Partition Specification). Similarly, systemd-nspawn | |
1221 | gained a new switch --verity-data= that takes a path to a file with | |
1222 | the verity data of the disk image supplied in --image=, if the image | |
1223 | doesn't contain the verity data itself. | |
1224 | ||
1225 | * .service units gained a new setting RootHashSignature= which takes | |
1226 | either a base64 encoded PKCS#7 signature of the root hash specified | |
1227 | with RootHash=, or a path to a file to read the signature from. This | |
1228 | allows validation of the root hash against public keys available in | |
1229 | the kernel keyring, and is only supported on recent kernels | |
1230 | (>= 5.4)/libcryptsetup (>= 2.30). A similar switch has been added to | |
1231 | systemd-nspawn and systemd-dissect (--root-hash-sig=). Support for | |
1232 | this mechanism has also been added to systemd-veritysetup. | |
1233 | ||
1234 | * .service unit files gained two new options | |
1235 | TimeoutStartFailureMode=/TimeoutStopFailureMode= that may be used to | |
1236 | tune behaviour if a start or stop timeout is hit, i.e. whether to | |
1237 | terminate the service with SIGTERM, SIGABRT or SIGKILL. | |
1238 | ||
1239 | * Most options in systemd that accept hexadecimal values prefixed with | |
1240 | 0x in additional to the usual decimal notation now also support octal | |
cb713f16 | 1241 | notation when the 0o prefix is used and binary notation if the 0b |
7f56c26d ZJS |
1242 | prefix is used. |
1243 | ||
337f0b00 ZJS |
1244 | * Various command line parameters and configuration file settings that |
1245 | configure key or certificate files now optionally take paths to | |
1246 | AF_UNIX sockets in the file system. If configured that way a stream | |
1247 | connection is made to the socket and the required data read from | |
1248 | it. This is a simple and natural extension to the existing regular | |
1249 | file logic, and permits other software to provide keys or | |
1250 | certificates via simple IPC services, for example when unencrypted | |
1251 | storage on disk is not desired. Specifically, systemd-networkd's | |
1252 | Wireguard and MACSEC key file settings as well as | |
1253 | systemd-journal-gatewayd's and systemd-journal-remote's PEM | |
1254 | key/certificate parameters support this now. | |
1255 | ||
7f56c26d ZJS |
1256 | * Unit files, tmpfiles.d/ snippets, sysusers.d/ snippets and other |
1257 | configuration files that support specifier expansion learnt six new | |
1258 | specifiers: %a resolves to the current architecture, %o/%w/%B/%W | |
1259 | resolve to the various ID fields from /etc/os-release, %l resolves to | |
1260 | the "short" hostname of the system, i.e. the hostname configured in | |
1261 | the kernel truncated at the first dot. | |
1262 | ||
1263 | * Support for the .include syntax in unit files has been removed. The | |
1264 | concept has been obsolete for 6 years and we started warning about | |
1265 | its pending removal 2 years ago (also see NEWS file below). It's | |
1266 | finally gone now. | |
1267 | ||
1268 | * StandardError= and StandardOutput= in unit files no longer support | |
1269 | the "syslog" and "syslog-console" switches. They were long removed | |
1270 | from the documentation, but will now result in warnings when used, | |
1271 | and be converted to "journal" and "journal+console" automatically. | |
1272 | ||
5d043c9f LP |
1273 | * If the service setting User= is set to the "nobody" user, a warning |
1274 | message is now written to the logs (but the value is nonetheless | |
1275 | accepted). Setting User=nobody is unsafe, since the primary purpose | |
1276 | of the "nobody" user is to own all files whose owner cannot be mapped | |
1277 | locally. It's in particular used by the NFS subsystem and in user | |
1278 | namespacing. By running a service under this user's UID it might get | |
1279 | read and even write access to all these otherwise unmappable files, | |
1280 | which is quite likely a major security problem. | |
1281 | ||
02e1eb6d ZJS |
1282 | * tmpfs mounts automatically created by systemd (/tmp, /run, /dev/shm, |
1283 | and others) now have a size and inode limits applied (50% of RAM for | |
c2cfb126 ZJS |
1284 | /tmp and /dev/shm, 10% of RAM for other mounts, etc.). Please note |
1285 | that the implicit kernel default is 50% too, so there is no change | |
1286 | in the size limit for /tmp and /dev/shm. | |
02e1eb6d | 1287 | |
337f0b00 ZJS |
1288 | * nss-mymachines lost support for resolution of users and groups, and |
1289 | now only does resolution of hostnames. This functionality is now | |
1290 | provided by nss-systemd. Thus, the 'mymachines' entry should be | |
1291 | removed from the 'passwd:' and 'group:' lines in /etc/nsswitch.conf | |
1292 | (and 'systemd' added if it is not already there). | |
1293 | ||
7f56c26d ZJS |
1294 | * A new kernel command line option systemd.hostname= has been added |
1295 | that allows controlling the hostname that is initialized early during | |
1296 | boot. | |
1297 | ||
1298 | * A kernel command line option "udev.blockdev_read_only" has been | |
1299 | added. If specified all hardware block devices that show up are | |
1300 | immediately marked as read-only by udev. This option is useful for | |
1301 | making sure that a specific boot under no circumstances modifies data | |
1302 | on disk. Use "blockdev --setrw" to undo the effect of this, per | |
1303 | device. | |
b0d0e0ef LP |
1304 | |
1305 | * A new boolean kernel command line option systemd.swap= has been | |
1306 | added, which may be used to turn off automatic activation of swap | |
7f56c26d | 1307 | devices listed in /etc/fstab. |
b0d0e0ef | 1308 | |
7f56c26d ZJS |
1309 | * New kernel command line options systemd.condition-needs-update= and |
1310 | systemd.condition-first-boot= have been added, which override the | |
1311 | result of the ConditionNeedsUpdate= and ConditionFirstBoot= | |
1312 | conditions. | |
b0d0e0ef | 1313 | |
7f56c26d ZJS |
1314 | * A new kernel command line option systemd.clock-usec= has been added |
1315 | that allows setting the system clock to the specified time in µs | |
1316 | since Jan 1st, 1970 early during boot. This is in particular useful | |
1317 | in order to make test cases more reliable. | |
b0d0e0ef | 1318 | |
7f56c26d ZJS |
1319 | * The fs.suid_dumpable sysctl is set to 2 / "suidsafe". This allows |
1320 | systemd-coredump to save core files for suid processes. When saving | |
1321 | the core file, systemd-coredump will use the effective uid and gid of | |
1322 | the process that faulted. | |
1323 | ||
1324 | * The /sys/module/kernel/parameters/crash_kexec_post_notifiers file is | |
1325 | now automatically set to "Y" at boot, in order to enable pstore | |
1326 | generation for collection with systemd-pstore. | |
1327 | ||
c2cfb126 | 1328 | * We provide a set of udev rules to enable auto-suspend on PCI and USB |
69e3234d | 1329 | devices that were tested to correctly support it. Previously, this |
c2cfb126 ZJS |
1330 | was distributed as a set of udev rules, but has now been replaced by |
1331 | by a set of hwdb entries (and a much shorter udev rule to take action | |
1332 | if the device modalias matches one of the new hwdb entries). | |
1333 | ||
1334 | As before, entries are periodically imported from the database | |
1335 | maintained by the ChromiumOS project. If you have a device that | |
1336 | supports auto-suspend correctly and where it should be enabled by | |
1337 | default, please submit a patch that adds it to the database (see | |
1338 | /usr/lib/udev/hwdb.d/60-autosuspend.hwdb). | |
7f56c26d | 1339 | |
5149990e CR |
1340 | * systemd-udevd gained the new configuration option timeout_signal= as well |
1341 | as a corresponding kernel command line option udev.timeout_signal=. | |
7f56c26d ZJS |
1342 | The option can be used to configure the UNIX signal that the main |
1343 | daemon sends to the worker processes on timeout. Setting the signal | |
1344 | to SIGABRT is useful for debugging. | |
1345 | ||
1346 | * .link files managed by systemd-udevd gained options RxFlowControl=, | |
1347 | TxFlowControl=, AutoNegotiationFlowControl= in the [Link] section, in | |
1348 | order to configure various flow control parameters. They also gained | |
1349 | RxMiniBufferSize= and RxJumboBufferSize= in order to configure jumbo | |
1350 | frame ring buffer sizes. | |
b0d0e0ef | 1351 | |
3ea58e01 | 1352 | * networkd.conf gained a new boolean setting ManageForeignRoutes=. If |
aa0b850b | 1353 | enabled systemd-networkd manages all routes configured by other tools. |
3ea58e01 | 1354 | |
71af436c YW |
1355 | * .network files managed by systemd-networkd gained a new section |
1356 | [SR-IOV], in order to configure SR-IOV capable network devices. | |
1357 | ||
b0d0e0ef LP |
1358 | * systemd-networkd's [IPv6Prefix] section in .network files gained a |
1359 | new boolean setting Assign=. If enabled an address from the prefix is | |
1360 | automatically assigned to the interface. | |
1361 | ||
c05b8edd YW |
1362 | * systemd-networkd gained a new section [DHCPv6PrefixDelegation] which |
1363 | controls delegated prefixes assigned by DHCPv6 client. The section | |
1364 | has three settings: SubnetID=, Assign=, and Token=. The setting | |
1365 | SubnetID= allows explicit configuration of the preferred subnet that | |
1366 | systemd-networkd's Prefix Delegation logic assigns to interfaces. If | |
1367 | Assign= is enabled (which is the default) an address from any acquired | |
1368 | delegated prefix is automatically chosen and assigned to the | |
1369 | interface. The setting Token= specifies an optional address generation | |
1370 | mode for Assign=. | |
b0d0e0ef | 1371 | |
3ea58e01 YW |
1372 | * systemd-networkd's [Network] section gained a new setting |
1373 | IPv4AcceptLocal=. If enabled the interface accepts packets with local | |
1374 | source addresses. | |
1375 | ||
b0d0e0ef LP |
1376 | * systemd-networkd gained support for configuring the HTB queuing |
1377 | discipline in the [HierarchyTokenBucket] and | |
1378 | [HierarchyTokenBucketClass] sections. Similar the "pfifo" qdisc may | |
1379 | be configured in the [PFIFO] section, "GRED" in | |
1380 | [GenericRandomEarlyDetection], "SFB" in [StochasticFairBlue], "cake" | |
1381 | in [CAKE], "PIE" in [PIE], "DRR" in [DeficitRoundRobinScheduler] and | |
1382 | [DeficitRoundRobinSchedulerClass], "BFIFO" in [BFIFO], | |
1f19ae0f LP |
1383 | "PFIFOHeadDrop" in [PFIFOHeadDrop], "PFIFOFast" in [PFIFOFast], "HHF" |
1384 | in [HeavyHitterFilter], "ETS" in [EnhancedTransmissionSelection] and | |
3ea58e01 | 1385 | "QFQ" in [QuickFairQueueing] and [QuickFairQueueingClass]. |
b0d0e0ef LP |
1386 | |
1387 | * systemd-networkd gained support for a new Termination= setting in the | |
1388 | [CAN] section for configuring the termination resistor. It also | |
1389 | gained a new ListenOnly= setting for controlling whether to only | |
1390 | listen on CAN interfaces, without interfering with traffic otherwise | |
1391 | (which is useful for debugging/monitoring CAN network | |
1392 | traffic). DataBitRate=, DataSamplePoint=, FDMode=, FDNonISO= have | |
1393 | been added to configure various CAN-FD aspects. | |
1394 | ||
554a97ba YW |
1395 | * systemd-networkd's [DHCPv6] section gained a new option WithoutRA=. |
1396 | When enabled, DHCPv6 will be attempted right-away without requiring an | |
1397 | Router Advertisement packet suggesting it first (i.e. without the 'M' | |
1398 | or 'O' flags set). The [IPv6AcceptRA] section gained a boolean option | |
1399 | DHCPv6Client= that may be used to turn off the DHCPv6 client even if | |
1400 | the RA packets suggest it. | |
b0d0e0ef LP |
1401 | |
1402 | * systemd-networkd's [DHCPv4] section gained a new setting UseGateway= | |
1403 | which may be used to turn off use of the gateway information provided | |
1404 | by the DHCP lease. A new FallbackLeaseLifetimeSec= setting may be | |
1405 | used to configure how to process leases that lack a lifetime option. | |
1406 | ||
1407 | * systemd-networkd's [DHCPv4] and [DHCPServer] sections gained a new | |
1408 | setting SendVendorOption= allowing configuration of additional vendor | |
1409 | options to send in the DHCP requests/responses. The [DHCPv6] section | |
1410 | gained a new SendOption= setting for sending arbitrary DHCP | |
1411 | options. RequestOptions= has been added to request arbitrary options | |
1412 | from the server. UserClass= has been added to set the DHCP user class | |
1413 | field. | |
1414 | ||
1415 | * systemd-networkd's [DHCPServer] section gained a new set of options | |
2a71d57f | 1416 | EmitPOP3=/POP3=, EmitSMTP=/SMTP=, EmitLPR=/LPR= for including server |
b0d0e0ef LP |
1417 | information about these three protocols in the DHCP lease. It also |
1418 | gained support for including "MUD" URLs ("Manufacturer Usage | |
1419 | Description"). Support for "MUD" URLs was also added to the LLDP | |
1420 | stack, configurable in the [LLDP] section in .network files. | |
1421 | ||
6b949d26 YW |
1422 | * The Mode= settings in [MACVLAN] and [MACVTAP] now support 'source' |
1423 | mode. Also, the sections now support a new setting SourceMACAddress=. | |
1424 | ||
7f56c26d ZJS |
1425 | * systemd-networkd's .netdev files now support a new setting |
1426 | VLANProtocol= in the [Bridge] section that allows configuration of | |
1427 | the VLAN protocol to use. | |
1428 | ||
1429 | * systemd-networkd supports a new Group= setting in the [Link] section | |
1430 | of the .network files, to control the link group. | |
1431 | ||
6f6296b9 | 1432 | * systemd-networkd's [Network] section gained a new |
3ea58e01 YW |
1433 | IPv6LinkLocalAddressGenerationMode= setting, which specifies how IPv6 |
1434 | link local address is generated. | |
1435 | ||
7f56c26d ZJS |
1436 | * A new default .network file is now shipped that matches TUN/TAP |
1437 | devices that begin with "vt-" in their name. Such interfaces will | |
1438 | have IP routing onto the host links set up automatically. This is | |
1439 | supposed to be used by VM managers to trivially acquire a network | |
1440 | interface which is fully set up for host communication, simply by | |
1441 | carefully picking an interface name to use. | |
1442 | ||
3ea58e01 | 1443 | * systemd-networkd's [DHCPv6] section gained a new setting RouteMetric= |
aa0b850b | 1444 | which sets the route priority for routes specified by the DHCP server. |
3ea58e01 YW |
1445 | |
1446 | * systemd-networkd's [DHCPv6] section gained a new setting VendorClass= | |
1447 | which configures the vendor class information sent to DHCP server. | |
1448 | ||
7f56c26d ZJS |
1449 | * The BlackList= settings in .network files' [DHCPv4] and |
1450 | [IPv6AcceptRA] sections have been renamed DenyList=. The old names | |
1451 | are still understood to provide compatibility. | |
1452 | ||
1453 | * networkctl gained the new "forcerenew" command for forcing all DHCP | |
1454 | server clients to renew their lease. The interface "status" output | |
1455 | will now show numerous additional fields of information about an | |
1456 | interface. There are new "up" and "down" commands to bring specific | |
1457 | interfaces up or down. | |
1458 | ||
337f0b00 ZJS |
1459 | * systemd-resolved's DNS= configuration option now optionally accepts a |
1460 | port number (after ":") and a host name (after "#"). When the host | |
1461 | name is specified, the DNS-over-TLS certificate is validated to match | |
1462 | the specified hostname. Additionally, in case of IPv6 addresses, an | |
1463 | interface may be specified (after "%"). | |
b0d0e0ef | 1464 | |
2bd5e1b2 ZJS |
1465 | * systemd-resolved may be configured to forward single-label DNS names. |
1466 | This is not standard-conformant, but may make sense in setups where | |
1467 | public DNS servers are not used. | |
1468 | ||
1469 | * systemd-resolved's DNS-over-TLS support gained SNI validation. | |
1470 | ||
7f56c26d ZJS |
1471 | * systemd-nspawn's --resolv-conf= switch gained a number of new |
1472 | supported values. Specifically, options starting with "replace-" are | |
1473 | like those prefixed "copy-" but replace any existing resolv.conf | |
1474 | file. And options ending in "-uplink" and "-stub" can now be used to | |
1475 | propagate other flavours of resolv.conf into the container (as | |
1476 | defined by systemd-resolved). | |
b0d0e0ef | 1477 | |
7f56c26d ZJS |
1478 | * The various programs included in systemd can now optionally output |
1479 | their log messages on stderr prefixed with a timestamp, controlled by | |
1480 | the $SYSTEMD_LOG_TIME environment variable. | |
366d0772 | 1481 | |
b0d0e0ef LP |
1482 | * systemctl gained a new "-P" switch that is a shortcut for "--value |
1483 | --property=…". | |
1484 | ||
7f56c26d ZJS |
1485 | * "systemctl list-units" and "systemctl list-machines" no longer hide |
1486 | their first output column with --no-legend. To hide the first column, | |
1487 | use --plain. | |
b0d0e0ef | 1488 | |
7f56c26d ZJS |
1489 | * "systemctl reboot" takes the option "--reboot-argument=". |
1490 | The optional positional argument to "systemctl reboot" is now | |
1491 | being deprecated in favor of this option. | |
b0d0e0ef LP |
1492 | |
1493 | * systemd-run gained a new switch --slice-inherit. If specified the | |
1494 | unit it generates is placed in the same slice as the systemd-run | |
1495 | process itself. | |
1496 | ||
7f56c26d ZJS |
1497 | * systemd-journald gained support for zstd compression of large fields |
1498 | in journal files. The hash tables in journal files have been hardened | |
1499 | against hash collisions. This is an incompatible change and means | |
1500 | that journal files created with new systemd versions are not readable | |
1501 | with old versions. If the $SYSTEMD_JOURNAL_KEYED_HASH boolean | |
1502 | environment variable for systemd-journald.service is set to 0 this | |
1503 | new hardening functionality may be turned off, so that generated | |
1504 | journal files remain compatible with older journalctl | |
1505 | implementations. | |
b0d0e0ef | 1506 | |
7f56c26d ZJS |
1507 | * journalctl will now include a clickable link in the default output for |
1508 | each log message for which an URL with further documentation is | |
1509 | known. This is only supported on terminal emulators that support | |
1510 | clickable hyperlinks, and is turned off if a pager is used (since | |
1511 | "less" still doesn't support hyperlinks, | |
1512 | unfortunately). Documentation URLs may be included in log messages | |
1513 | either by including a DOCUMENTATION= journal field in it, or by | |
1514 | associating a journal message catalog entry with the log message's | |
1515 | MESSAGE_ID, which then carries a "Documentation:" tag. | |
b0d0e0ef LP |
1516 | |
1517 | * journald.conf gained a new boolean setting Audit= that may be used to | |
1518 | control whether systemd-journald will enable audit during | |
1519 | initialization. | |
1520 | ||
7f56c26d ZJS |
1521 | * when systemd-journald's log stream is broken up into multiple lines |
1522 | because the PID of the sender changed this is indicated in the | |
1523 | generated log records via the _LINE_BREAK=pid-change field. | |
b0d0e0ef | 1524 | |
7f56c26d ZJS |
1525 | * journalctl's "-o cat" output mode will now show one or more journal |
1526 | fields specified with --output-fields= instead of unconditionally | |
1527 | MESSAGE=. This is useful to retrieve a very specific set of fields | |
1528 | without any decoration. | |
b0d0e0ef | 1529 | |
495454f4 LP |
1530 | * The sd-journal.h API gained two new functions: |
1531 | sd_journal_enumerate_available_unique() and | |
1532 | sd_journal_enumerate_available_data() that operate like their | |
1533 | counterparts that lack the _available_ in the name, but skip items | |
1534 | that cannot be read and processed by the local implementation | |
1535 | (i.e. are compressed in an unsupported format or such), | |
1536 | ||
7f56c26d ZJS |
1537 | * coredumpctl gained a new --file= switch, matching the same one in |
1538 | journalctl: a specific journal file may be specified to read the | |
1539 | coredump data from. | |
1540 | ||
1541 | * coredumps collected by systemd-coredump may now be compressed using | |
1542 | the zstd algorithm. | |
b0d0e0ef LP |
1543 | |
1544 | * systemd-binfmt gained a new switch --unregister for unregistering all | |
1545 | registered entries at once. This is now invoked automatically at | |
1546 | shutdown, so that binary formats registered with the "F" flag will | |
1547 | not block clean file system unmounting. | |
1548 | ||
b0d0e0ef | 1549 | * systemd-notify's --pid= switch gained new values: "parent", "self", |
1d16f661 | 1550 | "auto" for controlling which PID to send to the service manager: the |
b0d0e0ef LP |
1551 | systemd-notify process' PID, or the one of the process invoking it. |
1552 | ||
b0d0e0ef LP |
1553 | * systemd-logind's Session bus object learnt a new method call |
1554 | SetType() for temporarily updating the session type of an already | |
1555 | allocated session. This is useful for upgrading tty sessions to | |
1556 | graphical ones once a compositor is invoked. | |
1557 | ||
b0d0e0ef LP |
1558 | * systemd-socket-proxy gained a new switch --exit-idle-time= for |
1559 | configuring an exit-on-idle time. | |
1560 | ||
b0d0e0ef LP |
1561 | * systemd-repart's --empty= setting gained a new value "create". If |
1562 | specified a new empty regular disk image file is created under the | |
1d16f661 | 1563 | specified name. Its size may be specified with the new --size= |
b0d0e0ef LP |
1564 | option. The latter is also supported without the "create" mode, in |
1565 | order to grow existing disk image files to the specified size. These | |
1d16f661 FS |
1566 | two new options are useful when creating or manipulating disk images |
1567 | instead of operating on actual block devices. | |
b0d0e0ef LP |
1568 | |
1569 | * systemd-repart drop-ins now support a new UUID= setting to control | |
1570 | the UUID to assign to a newly created partition. | |
1571 | ||
1f19ae0f LP |
1572 | * systemd-repart's SizeMin= per-partition parameter now defaults to 10M |
1573 | instead of 0. | |
1574 | ||
1575 | * systemd-repart's Label= setting now support the usual, simple | |
1576 | specifier expansion. | |
1577 | ||
7f56c26d ZJS |
1578 | * systemd-homed's LUKS backend gained the ability to discard empty file |
1579 | system blocks automatically when the user logs out. This is enabled | |
1580 | by default to ensure that home directories take minimal space when | |
1581 | logged out but get full size guarantees when logged in. This may be | |
1582 | controlled with the new --luks-offline-discard= switch to homectl. | |
b0d0e0ef | 1583 | |
7f56c26d ZJS |
1584 | * If systemd-homed detects that /home/ is encrypted as a whole it will |
1585 | now default to the directory or subvolume backends instead of the | |
1586 | LUKS backend, in order to avoid double encryption. The default | |
1587 | storage and file system may now be configured explicitly, too, via | |
1588 | the new /etc/systemd/homed.conf configuration file. | |
b0d0e0ef | 1589 | |
5d043c9f LP |
1590 | * systemd-homed now supports unlocking home directories with FIDO2 |
1591 | security tokens that support the 'hmac-secret' extension, in addition | |
1592 | to the existing support for PKCS#11 security token unlocking | |
1593 | support. Note that many recent hardware security tokens support both | |
1594 | interfaces. The FIDO2 support is accessible via homectl's | |
1595 | --fido2-device= option. | |
1596 | ||
1597 | * homectl's --pkcs11-uri= setting now accepts two special parameters: | |
1598 | if "auto" is specified and only one suitable PKCS#11 security token | |
1599 | is plugged in, its URL is automatically determined and enrolled for | |
1600 | unlocking the home directory. If "list" is specified a brief table of | |
1601 | suitable PKCS#11 security tokens is shown. Similar, the new | |
1602 | --fido2-device= option also supports these two special values, for | |
1603 | automatically selecting and listing suitable FIDO2 devices. | |
1604 | ||
b0d0e0ef LP |
1605 | * The /etc/crypttab tmp option now optionally takes an argument |
1606 | selecting the file system to use. Moreover, the default is now | |
1607 | changed from ext2 to ext4. | |
1608 | ||
1609 | * There's a new /etc/crypttab option "keyfile-erase". If specified the | |
1610 | key file listed in the same line is removed after use, regardless if | |
1611 | volume activation was successful or not. This is useful if the key | |
1612 | file is only acquired transiently at runtime and shall be erased | |
1613 | before the system continues to boot. | |
1614 | ||
1615 | * There's also a new /etc/crypttab option "try-empty-password". If | |
1616 | specified, before asking the user for a password it is attempted to | |
1617 | unlock the volume with an empty password. This is useful for | |
1618 | installing encrypted images whose password shall be set on first boot | |
1619 | instead of at installation time. | |
1620 | ||
1621 | * systemd-cryptsetup will now attempt to load the keys to unlock | |
1622 | volumes with automatically from files in | |
1623 | /etc/cryptsetup-keys.d/<volume>.key and | |
1624 | /run/cryptsetup-keys.d/<volume>.key, if any of these files exist. | |
1625 | ||
7f56c26d ZJS |
1626 | * systemd-cryptsetup may now activate Microsoft BitLocker volumes via |
1627 | /etc/crypttab, during boot. | |
1628 | ||
b0d0e0ef LP |
1629 | * logind.conf gained a new RuntimeDirectoryInodesMax= setting to |
1630 | control the inode limit for the per-user $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR tmpfs | |
1631 | instance. | |
1632 | ||
b0d0e0ef | 1633 | * A new generator systemd-xdg-autostart-generator has been added. It |
7f56c26d ZJS |
1634 | generates systemd unit files from XDG autostart .desktop files, and |
1635 | may be used to let the systemd user instance manage services that are | |
1636 | started automatically as part of the desktop session. | |
47373451 | 1637 | |
cb713f16 FS |
1638 | * "bootctl" gained a new verb "reboot-to-firmware" that may be used |
1639 | to query and change the firmware's 'reboot into firmware' setup flag. | |
1f19ae0f | 1640 | |
7f56c26d ZJS |
1641 | * systemd-firstboot gained a new switch --kernel-command-line= that may |
1642 | be used to initialize the /etc/kernel/cmdline file of the image. It | |
1643 | also gained a new switch --root-password-hashed= which is like | |
1644 | --root-password= but accepts a pre-hashed UNIX password as | |
1645 | argument. The new option --delete-root-password may be used to unset | |
495454f4 LP |
1646 | any password for the root user (dangerous!). The --root-shell= switch |
1647 | may be used to control the shell to use for the root account. A new | |
1648 | --force option may be used to override any already set settings with | |
1649 | the parameters specified on the command line (by default, the tool | |
1650 | will not override what has already been set before, i.e. is purely | |
1651 | incremental). | |
1f19ae0f | 1652 | |
a38c68a1 LP |
1653 | * systemd-firstboot gained support for a new --image= switch, which is |
1654 | similar to --root= but accepts the path to a disk image file, on | |
1655 | which it then operates. | |
1656 | ||
7f56c26d ZJS |
1657 | * A new sd-path.h API has been added to libsystemd. It provides a |
1658 | simple API for retrieving various search paths and primary | |
1659 | directories for various resources. | |
1f19ae0f | 1660 | |
7f56c26d ZJS |
1661 | * A new call sd_notify_barrier() has been added to the sd-daemon.h |
1662 | API. The call will block until all previously sent sd_notify() | |
1663 | messages have been processed by the service manager. This is useful | |
1664 | to remove races caused by a process already having disappeared at the | |
1665 | time a notification message is processed by the service manager, | |
1666 | making correct attribution impossible. The systemd-notify tool will | |
1667 | now make use of this call implicitly, but this can be turned off again | |
1668 | via the new --no-block switch. | |
1f19ae0f | 1669 | |
7f56c26d ZJS |
1670 | * When sending a file descriptor (fd) to the service manager to keep |
1671 | track of, using the sd_notify() mechanism, a new parameter FDPOLL=0 | |
1672 | may be specified. If passed the service manager will refrain from | |
1673 | poll()ing on the file descriptor. Traditionally (and when the | |
1674 | parameter is not specified), the service manager will poll it for | |
1675 | POLLHUP or POLLERR events, and immediately close the fds in that | |
1676 | case. | |
1f19ae0f LP |
1677 | |
1678 | * The service manager (PID1) gained a new D-Bus method call | |
1679 | SetShowStatus() which may be used to control whether it shall show | |
1680 | boot-time status output on the console. This method has a similar | |
1681 | effect to sending SIGRTMIN+20/SIGRTMIN+21 to PID 1. | |
1682 | ||
7f56c26d ZJS |
1683 | * The sd-bus API gained a number of convenience functions that take |
1684 | va_list arguments rather than "...". For example, there's now | |
1685 | sd_bus_call_methodv() to match sd_bus_call_method(). Those calls make | |
1686 | it easier to build wrappers that accept variadic arguments and want | |
1687 | to pass a ready va_list structure to sd-bus. | |
1f19ae0f | 1688 | |
7f56c26d ZJS |
1689 | * sd-bus vtable entries can have a new SD_BUS_VTABLE_ABSOLUTE_OFFSET |
1690 | flag which alters how the userdata pointer to pass to the callbacks | |
1691 | is determined. When the flag is set, the offset field is converted | |
1692 | as-is into a pointer, without adding it to the object pointer the | |
1693 | vtable is associated with. | |
1f19ae0f | 1694 | |
7f56c26d ZJS |
1695 | * sd-bus now exposes four new functions: |
1696 | sd_bus_interface_name_is_valid() + sd_bus_service_name_is_valid() + | |
1697 | sd_bus_member_name_is_valid() + sd_bus_object_path_is_valid() will | |
1698 | validate strings to check if they qualify as various D-Bus concepts. | |
1f19ae0f | 1699 | |
7f56c26d ZJS |
1700 | * The sd-bus API gained the SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS(), |
1701 | SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS_OFFSET() and SD_BUS_SIGNAL_WITH_ARGS() macros | |
1702 | that simplify adding argument names to D-Bus methods and signals. | |
1f19ae0f | 1703 | |
7f56c26d | 1704 | * The man pages for the sd-bus and sd-hwdb APIs have been completed. |
1f19ae0f | 1705 | |
7f56c26d ZJS |
1706 | * Various D-Bus APIs of systemd daemons now have man pages that |
1707 | document the methods, signals and properties. | |
1f19ae0f | 1708 | |
7f56c26d | 1709 | * The expectations on user/group name syntax are now documented in |
5149990e CR |
1710 | detail; documentation on how classic home directories may be |
1711 | converted into home directories managed by homed has been added; | |
1712 | documentation regarding integration of homed/userdb functionality in | |
1713 | desktops has been added: | |
7f56c26d ZJS |
1714 | |
1715 | https://systemd.io/USER_NAMES | |
1716 | https://systemd.io/CONVERTING_TO_HOMED | |
1717 | https://systemd.io/USERDB_AND_DESKTOPS | |
1718 | ||
1719 | * Documentation for the on-disk Journal file format has been updated | |
1720 | and has now moved to: | |
1721 | ||
1722 | https://systemd.io/JOURNAL_FILE_FORMAT | |
1723 | ||
5961d35a ZJS |
1724 | * The interface for containers (https://systemd.io/CONTAINER_INTERFACE) |
1725 | has been extended by a set of environment variables that expose | |
1726 | select fields from the host's os-release file to the container | |
1727 | payload. Similarly, host's os-release files can be mounted into the | |
54971969 | 1728 | container underneath /run/host. Together, those mechanisms provide a |
5961d35a ZJS |
1729 | standardized way to expose information about the host to the |
1730 | container payload. Both interfaces are implemented in systemd-nspawn. | |
1731 | ||
7f56c26d ZJS |
1732 | * All D-Bus services shipped in systemd now implement the generic |
1733 | LogControl1 D-Bus API which allows clients to change log level + | |
1734 | target of the service during runtime. | |
1f19ae0f | 1735 | |
337f0b00 ZJS |
1736 | * Only relevant for developers: the mkosi.default symlink has been |
1737 | dropped from version control. Please create a symlink to one of the | |
1738 | distribution-specific defaults in .mkosi/ based on your preference. | |
4c967576 | 1739 | |
72e51908 | 1740 | Contributions from: 24bisquitz, Adam Nielsen, Alan Perry, Alexander |
ae366f3a ZJS |
1741 | Malafeev, Amitanand.Chikorde, Alin Popa, Alvin Šipraga, Amos Bird, |
1742 | Andreas Rammhold, AndreRH, Andrew Doran, Anita Zhang, Ankit Jain, | |
1743 | antznin, Arnaud Ferraris, Arthur Moraes do Lago, Arusekk, Balaji | |
1744 | Punnuru, Balint Reczey, Bastien Nocera, bemarek, Benjamin Berg, | |
1745 | Benjamin Dahlhoff, Benjamin Robin, Chris Down, Chris Kerr, Christian | |
1746 | Göttsche, Christian Hesse, Christian Oder, Ciprian Hacman, Clinton Roy, | |
1747 | codicodi, Corey Hinshaw, Daan De Meyer, Dana Olson, Dan Callaghan, | |
1748 | Daniel Fullmer, Daniel Rusek, Dan Streetman, Dave Reisner, David | |
1749 | Edmundson, David Wood, Denis Pronin, Diego Escalante Urrelo, Dimitri | |
1750 | John Ledkov, dolphrundgren, duguxy, Einsler Lee, Elisei Roca, Emmanuel | |
1751 | Garette, Eric Anderson, Eric DeVolder, Evgeny Vereshchagin, | |
1752 | ExtinctFire, fangxiuning, Ferran Pallarès Roca, Filipe Brandenburger, | |
1753 | Filippo Falezza, Finn, Florian Klink, Florian Mayer, Franck Bui, | |
1754 | Frantisek Sumsal, gaurav, Georg Müller, Gergely Polonkai, Giedrius | |
1755 | Statkevičius, Gigadoc2, gogogogi, Gaurav Singh, gzjsgdsb, Hans de | |
1756 | Goede, Haochen Tong, ianhi, ignapk, Jakov Smolic, James T. Lee, Jan | |
1757 | Janssen, Jan Klötzke, Jan Palus, Jay Burger, Jeremy Cline, Jérémy | |
1758 | Rosen, Jian-Hong Pan, Jiri Slaby, Joel Shapiro, Joerg Behrmann, Jörg | |
1759 | Thalheim, Jouke Witteveen, Kai-Heng Feng, Kenny Levinsen, Kevin | |
1760 | Kuehler, Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi, layderv, laydervus, Lénaïc Huard, | |
1761 | Lennart Poettering, Lidong Zhong, Luca Boccassi, Luca BRUNO, Lucas | |
1762 | Werkmeister, Lukas Klingsbo, Lukáš Nykrýn, Łukasz Stelmach, Maciej | |
1763 | S. Szmigiero, MadMcCrow, Marc-André Lureau, Marcel Holtmann, Marc | |
1764 | Kleine-Budde, Martin Hundebøll, Matthew Leeds, Matt Ranostay, Maxim | |
1765 | Fomin, MaxVerevkin, Michael Biebl, Michael Chapman, Michael Gubbels, | |
1766 | Michael Marley, Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Michal Koutný, Michal Sekletár, | |
1767 | Mike Gilbert, Mike Kazantsev, Mikhail Novosyolov, ml, Motiejus Jakštys, | |
1768 | nabijaczleweli, nerdopolis, Niccolò Maggioni, Niklas Hambüchen, Norbert | |
1769 | Lange, Paul Cercueil, pelzvieh, Peter Hutterer, Piero La Terza, Pieter | |
1770 | Lexis, Piotr Drąg, Rafael Fontenelle, Richard Petri, Ronan Pigott, Ross | |
1771 | Lagerwall, Rubens Figueiredo, satmandu, Sean-StarLabs, Sebastian | |
1772 | Jennen, sterlinghughes, Surhud More, Susant Sahani, szb512, Thomas | |
1773 | Haller, Tobias Hunger, Tom, Tomáš Pospíšek, Tomer Shechner, Tom Hughes, | |
1774 | Topi Miettinen, Tudor Roman, Uwe Kleine-König, Valery0xff, Vito Caputo, | |
1775 | Vladimir Panteleev, Vladyslav Tronko, Wen Yang, Yegor Vialov, Yigal | |
1776 | Korman, Yi Gao, YmrDtnJu, Yuri Chornoivan, Yu Watanabe, Zbigniew | |
1777 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Zhu Li, Дамјан Георгиевски, наб | |
1778 | ||
1779 | – Warsaw, 2020-07-30 | |
976efe1b | 1780 | |
901d1ce8 | 1781 | CHANGES WITH 245: |
723822f0 | 1782 | |
68410195 | 1783 | * A new tool "systemd-repart" has been added, that operates as an |
2ad98889 ZJS |
1784 | idempotent declarative repartitioner for GPT partition tables. |
1785 | Specifically, a set of partitions that must or may exist can be | |
1786 | configured via drop-in files, and during every boot the partition | |
1787 | table on disk is compared with these files, creating missing | |
1788 | partitions or growing existing ones based on configurable relative | |
1789 | and absolute size constraints. The tool is strictly incremental, | |
1790 | i.e. does not delete, shrink or move partitions, but only adds and | |
1791 | grows them. The primary use-case is OS images that ship in minimized | |
1792 | form, that on first boot are grown to the size of the underlying | |
1793 | block device or augmented with additional partitions. For example, | |
1794 | the root partition could be extended to cover the whole disk, or a | |
1795 | swap or /home partitions could be added on first boot. It can also be | |
1796 | used for systems that use an A/B update scheme but ship images with | |
1797 | just the A partition, with B added on first boot. The tool is | |
1798 | primarily intended to be run in the initrd, shortly before | |
1799 | transitioning into the host OS, but can also be run after the | |
1800 | transition took place. It automatically discovers the disk backing | |
1801 | the root file system, and should hence not require any additional | |
1802 | configuration besides the partition definition drop-ins. If no | |
1803 | configuration drop-ins are present, no action is taken. | |
68410195 LP |
1804 | |
1805 | * A new component "userdb" has been added, along with a small daemon | |
a0223c30 | 1806 | "systemd-userdbd.service" and a client tool "userdbctl". The framework |
68410195 LP |
1807 | allows defining rich user and group records in a JSON format, |
1808 | extending on the classic "struct passwd" and "struct group" | |
1809 | structures. Various components in systemd have been updated to | |
1810 | process records in this format, including systemd-logind and | |
1811 | pam-systemd. The user records are intended to be extensible, and | |
1812 | allow setting various resource management, security and runtime | |
1813 | parameters that shall be applied to processes and sessions of the | |
1814 | user as they log in. This facility is intended to allow associating | |
1815 | such metadata directly with user/group records so that they can be | |
1816 | produced, extended and consumed in unified form. We hope that | |
1817 | eventually frameworks such as sssd will generate records this way, so | |
1818 | that for the first time resource management and various other | |
1819 | per-user settings can be configured in LDAP directories and then | |
1820 | provided to systemd (specifically to systemd-logind and pam-system) | |
2ad98889 | 1821 | to apply on login. For further details see: |
68410195 LP |
1822 | |
1823 | https://systemd.io/USER_RECORD | |
1824 | https://systemd.io/GROUP_RECORD | |
1825 | https://systemd.io/USER_GROUP_API | |
1826 | ||
9a4940bf | 1827 | * A small new service systemd-homed.service has been added, that may be |
2ad98889 ZJS |
1828 | used to securely manage home directories with built-in encryption. |
1829 | The complete user record data is unified with the home directory, | |
1830 | thus making home directories naturally migratable. Its primary | |
1831 | back-end is based on LUKS volumes, but fscrypt, plain directories, | |
1832 | and other storage schemes are also supported. This solves a couple of | |
1833 | problems we saw with traditional ways to manage home directories, in | |
1834 | particular when it comes to encryption. For further discussion of | |
1835 | this, see the video of Lennart's talk at AllSystemsGo! 2019: | |
9a4940bf LP |
1836 | |
1837 | https://media.ccc.de/v/ASG2019-164-reinventing-home-directories | |
1838 | ||
1839 | For further details about the format and expectations on home | |
1840 | directories this new daemon makes, see: | |
1841 | ||
1842 | https://systemd.io/HOME_DIRECTORY | |
1843 | ||
1844 | * systemd-journald is now multi-instantiable. In addition to the main | |
1845 | instance systemd-journald.service there's now a template unit | |
2ad98889 ZJS |
1846 | systemd-journald@.service, with each instance defining a new named |
1847 | log 'namespace' (whose name is specified via the instance part of the | |
1848 | unit name). A new unit file setting LogNamespace= has been added, | |
1849 | taking such a namespace name, that assigns services to the specified | |
1850 | log namespaces. As each log namespace is serviced by its own | |
1851 | independent journal daemon, this functionality may be used to improve | |
1852 | performance and increase isolation of applications, at the price of | |
1853 | losing global message ordering. Each instance of journald has a | |
1854 | separate set of configuration files, with possibly different disk | |
1855 | usage limitations and other settings. | |
1856 | ||
1857 | journalctl now takes a new option --namespace= to show logs from a | |
1858 | specific log namespace. The sd-journal.h API gained | |
1859 | sd_journal_open_namespace() for opening the log stream of a specific | |
1860 | log namespace. systemd-journald also gained the ability to exit on | |
1861 | idle, which is useful in the context of log namespaces, as this means | |
1862 | log daemons for log namespaces can be activated automatically on | |
1863 | demand and will stop automatically when no longer used, minimizing | |
1864 | resource usage. | |
9a4940bf | 1865 | |
723822f0 | 1866 | * When systemd-tmpfiles copies a file tree using the 'C' line type it |
2ad98889 | 1867 | will now label every copied file according to the SELinux database. |
723822f0 LP |
1868 | |
1869 | * When systemd/PID 1 detects it is used in the initrd it will now boot | |
1870 | into initrd.target rather than default.target by default. This should | |
1871 | make it simpler to build initrds with systemd as for many cases the | |
1872 | only difference between a host OS image and an initrd image now is | |
2ad98889 | 1873 | the presence of the /etc/initrd-release file. |
723822f0 LP |
1874 | |
1875 | * A new kernel command line option systemd.cpu_affinity= is now | |
1876 | understood. It's equivalent to the CPUAffinity= option in | |
1877 | /etc/systemd/system.conf and allows setting the CPU mask for PID 1 | |
2ad98889 | 1878 | itself and the default for all other processes. |
723822f0 | 1879 | |
2ad98889 ZJS |
1880 | * When systemd/PID 1 is reloaded (with systemctl daemon-reload or |
1881 | equivalent), the SELinux database is now reloaded, ensuring that | |
723822f0 LP |
1882 | sockets and other file system objects are generated taking the new |
1883 | database into account. | |
1884 | ||
d54bb638 ZJS |
1885 | * systemd/PID 1 accepts a new "systemd.show-status=error" setting, and |
1886 | "quiet" has been changed to imply that instead of | |
1887 | "systemd.show-status=auto". In this mode, only messages about errors | |
1888 | and significant delays in boot are shown on the console. | |
1889 | ||
2ad98889 | 1890 | * The sd-event.h API gained native support for the new Linux "pidfd" |
723822f0 LP |
1891 | concept. This permits watching processes using file descriptors |
1892 | instead of PID numbers, which fixes a number of races and makes | |
2ad98889 | 1893 | process supervision more robust and efficient. All of systemd's |
723822f0 LP |
1894 | components will now use pidfds if the kernel supports it for process |
1895 | watching, with the exception of PID 1 itself, unfortunately. We hope | |
1896 | to move PID 1 to exclusively using pidfds too eventually, but this | |
1897 | requires some more kernel work first. (Background: PID 1 watches | |
1898 | processes using waitid() with the P_ALL flag, and that does not play | |
1899 | together nicely with pidfds yet.) | |
1900 | ||
1901 | * Closely related to this, the sd-event.h API gained two new calls | |
1902 | sd_event_source_send_child_signal() (for sending a signal to a | |
1903 | watched process) and sd_event_source_get_child_process_own() (for | |
2ad98889 ZJS |
1904 | marking a process so that it is killed automatically whenever the |
1905 | event source watching it is freed). | |
723822f0 | 1906 | |
60ed2dcf | 1907 | * systemd-networkd gained support for configuring Token Bucket Filter |
2ad98889 ZJS |
1908 | (TBF) parameters in its qdisc configuration support. Similarly, |
1909 | support for Stochastic Fairness Queuing (SFQ), Controlled-Delay | |
69f17347 | 1910 | Active Queue Management (CoDel), and Fair Queue (FQ) has been added. |
723822f0 LP |
1911 | |
1912 | * systemd-networkd gained support for Intermediate Functional Block | |
1913 | (IFB) network devices. | |
1914 | ||
1915 | * systemd-networkd gained support for configuring multi-path IP routes, | |
1916 | using the new MultiPathRoute= setting in the [Route] section. | |
1917 | ||
2ad98889 ZJS |
1918 | * systemd-networkd's DHCPv4 client has been updated to support a new |
1919 | SendDecline= option. If enabled, duplicate address detection is done | |
1920 | after a DHCP offer is received from the server. If a conflict is | |
1921 | detected, the address is declined. The DHCPv4 client also gained | |
723822f0 LP |
1922 | support for a new RouteMTUBytes= setting that allows to configure the |
1923 | MTU size to be used for routes generated from DHCPv4 leases. | |
1924 | ||
1925 | * The PrefixRoute= setting in systemd-networkd's [Address] section of | |
1926 | .network files has been deprecated, and replaced by AddPrefixRoute=, | |
2ad98889 | 1927 | with its sense inverted. |
723822f0 LP |
1928 | |
1929 | * The Gateway= setting of [Route] sections of .network files gained | |
427928ca ZJS |
1930 | support for a special new value "_dhcp". If set, the configured |
1931 | static route uses the gateway host configured via DHCP. | |
723822f0 | 1932 | |
573e58f6 | 1933 | * New User= and SuppressPrefixLength= settings have been implemented |
f05c0615 YW |
1934 | for the [RoutingPolicyRule] section of .network files to configure |
1935 | source routing based on UID ranges and prefix length, respectively. | |
9a4940bf | 1936 | |
2ad98889 ZJS |
1937 | * sd-bus gained a new API call sd_bus_message_sensitive() that marks a |
1938 | D-Bus message object as "sensitive". Those objects are erased from | |
1939 | memory when they are freed. This concept is intended to be used for | |
1940 | messages that contain security sensitive data. A new flag | |
1941 | SD_BUS_VTABLE_SENSITIVE has been introduced as well to mark methods | |
1942 | in sd-bus vtables, causing any incoming and outgoing messages of | |
1943 | those methods to be implicitly marked as "sensitive". | |
723822f0 | 1944 | |
9a4940bf | 1945 | * sd-bus gained a new API call sd_bus_message_dump() for dumping the |
2ad98889 | 1946 | contents of a message (or parts thereof) to standard output for |
9a4940bf LP |
1947 | debugging purposes. |
1948 | ||
2ad98889 ZJS |
1949 | * systemd-sysusers gained support for creating users with the primary |
1950 | group named differently than the user. | |
9a4940bf | 1951 | |
723822f0 LP |
1952 | * systemd-growfs (i.e. the x-systemd.growfs mount option in /etc/fstab) |
1953 | gained support for growing XFS partitions. Previously it supported | |
1954 | only ext4 and btrfs partitions. | |
1955 | ||
1956 | * The support for /etc/crypttab gained a new x-initrd.attach option. If | |
2ad98889 ZJS |
1957 | set, the specified encrypted volume is unlocked already in the |
1958 | initrd. This concept corresponds to the x-initrd.mount option in | |
723822f0 LP |
1959 | /etc/fstab. |
1960 | ||
1961 | * systemd-cryptsetup gained native support for unlocking encrypted | |
1962 | volumes utilizing PKCS#11 smartcards, i.e. for example to bind | |
2ad98889 | 1963 | encryption of volumes to YubiKeys. This is exposed in the new |
723822f0 LP |
1964 | pkcs11-uri= option in /etc/crypttab. |
1965 | ||
68410195 LP |
1966 | * The /etc/fstab support in systemd now supports two new mount options |
1967 | x-systemd.{required,wanted}-by=, for explicitly configuring the units | |
1968 | that the specified mount shall be pulled in by, in place of | |
1969 | the usual local-fs.target/remote-fs.target. | |
1970 | ||
723822f0 LP |
1971 | * The https://systemd.io/ web site has been relaunched, directly |
1972 | populated with most of the documentation included in the systemd | |
2ad98889 ZJS |
1973 | repository. systemd also acquired a new logo, thanks to Tobias |
1974 | Bernard. | |
723822f0 LP |
1975 | |
1976 | * systemd-udevd gained support for managing "alternative" network | |
1977 | interface names, as supported by new Linux kernels. For the first | |
1978 | time this permits assigning multiple (and longer!) names to a network | |
1979 | interface. systemd-udevd will now by default assign the names | |
2ad98889 ZJS |
1980 | generated via all supported naming schemes to each interface. This |
1981 | may be further tweaked with .link files and the AlternativeName= and | |
1982 | AlternativeNamesPolicy= settings. Other components of systemd have | |
1983 | been updated to support the new alternative names wherever | |
1984 | appropriate. For example, systemd-nspawn will now generate | |
1985 | alternative interface names for the host-facing side of container | |
1986 | veth links based on the full container name without truncation. | |
723822f0 LP |
1987 | |
1988 | * systemd-nspawn interface naming logic has been updated in another way | |
1989 | too: if the main interface name (i.e. as opposed to new-style | |
2ad98889 ZJS |
1990 | "alternative" names) based on the container name is truncated, a |
1991 | simple hashing scheme is used to give different interface names to | |
1992 | multiple containers whose names all begin with the same prefix. Since | |
1993 | this changes the primary interface names pointing to containers if | |
1994 | truncation happens, the old scheme may still be requested by | |
1995 | selecting an older naming scheme, via the net.naming-scheme= kernel | |
1996 | command line option. | |
723822f0 | 1997 | |
68410195 LP |
1998 | * PrivateUsers= in service files now works in services run by the |
1999 | systemd --user per-user instance of the service manager. | |
2000 | ||
2001 | * A new per-service sandboxing option ProtectClock= has been added that | |
2002 | locks down write access to the system clock. It takes away device | |
2ad98889 ZJS |
2003 | node access to /dev/rtc as well as the system calls that set the |
2004 | system clock and the CAP_SYS_TIME and CAP_WAKE_ALARM capabilities. | |
2005 | Note that this option does not affect access to auxiliary services | |
2006 | that allow changing the clock, for example access to | |
2007 | systemd-timedated. | |
68410195 LP |
2008 | |
2009 | * The systemd-id128 tool gained a new "show" verb for listing or | |
2010 | resolving a number of well-known UUIDs/128bit IDs, currently mostly | |
2011 | GPT partition table types. | |
723822f0 LP |
2012 | |
2013 | * The Discoverable Partitions Specification has been updated to support | |
2014 | /var and /var/tmp partition discovery. Support for this has been | |
2015 | added to systemd-gpt-auto-generator. For details see: | |
2016 | ||
2017 | https://systemd.io/DISCOVERABLE_PARTITIONS | |
2018 | ||
2019 | * "systemctl list-unit-files" has been updated to show a new column | |
2020 | with the suggested enablement state based on the vendor preset files | |
2021 | for the respective units. | |
2022 | ||
68410195 LP |
2023 | * "systemctl" gained a new option "--with-dependencies". If specified |
2024 | commands such as "systemctl status" or "systemctl cat" will now show | |
2025 | all specified units along with all units they depend on. | |
2026 | ||
723822f0 LP |
2027 | * networkctl gained support for showing per-interface logs in its |
2028 | "status" output. | |
2029 | ||
a100fe3c | 2030 | * systemd-networkd-wait-online gained support for specifying the maximum |
573e58f6 ZJS |
2031 | operational state to wait for, and to wait for interfaces to |
2032 | disappear. | |
2033 | ||
723822f0 LP |
2034 | * The [Match] section of .link and .network files now supports a new |
2035 | option PermanentMACAddress= which may be used to check against the | |
2036 | permanent MAC address of a network device even if a randomized MAC | |
2037 | address is used. | |
2038 | ||
69f17347 ZJS |
2039 | * The [TrafficControlQueueingDiscipline] section in .network files has |
2040 | been renamed to [NetworkEmulator] with the "NetworkEmulator" prefix | |
2041 | dropped from the individual setting names. | |
68410195 | 2042 | |
823b0352 ZJS |
2043 | * Any .link and .network files that have an empty [Match] section (this |
2044 | also includes empty and commented-out files) will now be | |
2045 | rejected. systemd-udev and systemd-networkd started warning about | |
2046 | such files in version 243. | |
2047 | ||
2ad98889 | 2048 | * systemd-logind will now validate access to the operation of changing |
98ab0dae | 2049 | the virtual terminal via a polkit action. By default, only users |
2ad98889 | 2050 | with at least one session on a local VT are granted permission. |
68410195 | 2051 | |
2ad98889 ZJS |
2052 | * When systemd sets up PAM sessions that invoked service processes |
2053 | shall run in, the pam_setcred() API is now invoked, thus permitting | |
2054 | PAM modules to set additional credentials for the processes. | |
68410195 | 2055 | |
d54bb638 ZJS |
2056 | * portablectl attach/detach verbs now accept --now and --enable options |
2057 | to combine attachment with enablement and invocation, or detachment | |
2058 | with stopping and disablement. | |
2059 | ||
2ca17c78 ZJS |
2060 | * UPGRADE ISSUE: a bug where some jobs were trimmed as redundant was |
2061 | fixed, which in turn exposed bugs in unit configuration of services | |
2062 | which have Type=oneshot and should only run once, but do not have | |
2063 | RemainAfterExit=yes set. Without RemainAfterExit=yes, a one-shot | |
2064 | service may be started again after exiting successfully, for example | |
2065 | as a dependency in another transaction. Affected services included | |
2066 | some internal systemd services (most notably | |
2067 | systemd-vconsole-setup.service, which was updated to have | |
2068 | RemainAfterExit=yes), and plymouth-start.service. Please ensure that | |
2069 | plymouth has been suitably updated or patched before upgrading to | |
2070 | this systemd release. See | |
2071 | https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1807771 for some | |
2072 | additional discussion. | |
2073 | ||
9c4d3d79 ZJS |
2074 | Contributions from: AJ Bagwell, Alin Popa, Andreas Rammhold, Anita |
2075 | Zhang, Ansgar Burchardt, Antonio Russo, Arian van Putten, Ashley Davis, | |
2076 | Balint Reczey, Bart Willems, Bastien Nocera, Benjamin Dahlhoff, Charles | |
2077 | (Chas) Williams, cheese1, Chris Down, Chris Murphy, Christian Ehrhardt, | |
2078 | Christian Göttsche, cvoinf, Daan De Meyer, Daniele Medri, Daniel Rusek, | |
2079 | Daniel Shahaf, Dann Frazier, Dan Streetman, Dariusz Gadomski, David | |
2080 | Michael, Dimitri John Ledkov, Emmanuel Bourg, Evgeny Vereshchagin, | |
2081 | ezst036, Felipe Sateler, Filipe Brandenburger, Florian Klink, Franck | |
2082 | Bui, Fran Dieguez, Frantisek Sumsal, Greg "GothAck" Miell, Guilhem | |
2083 | Lettron, Guillaume Douézan-Grard, Hans de Goede, HATAYAMA Daisuke, Iain | |
2084 | Lane, James Buren, Jan Alexander Steffens (heftig), Jérémy Rosen, Jin | |
2085 | Park, Jun'ichi Nomura, Kai Krakow, Kevin Kuehler, Kevin P. Fleming, | |
2086 | Lennart Poettering, Leonid Bloch, Leonid Evdokimov, lothrond, Luca | |
2087 | Boccassi, Lukas K, Lynn Kirby, Mario Limonciello, Mark Deneen, Matthew | |
2088 | Leeds, Michael Biebl, Michal Koutný, Michal Sekletár, Mike Auty, Mike | |
2089 | Gilbert, mtron, nabijaczleweli, Naïm Favier, Nate Jones, Norbert Lange, | |
2090 | Oliver Giles, Paul Davey, Paul Menzel, Peter Hutterer, Piotr Drąg, Rafa | |
2091 | Couto, Raphael, rhn, Robert Scheck, Rocka, Romain Naour, Ryan Attard, | |
2092 | Sascha Dewald, Shengjing Zhu, Slava Kardakov, Spencer Michaels, Sylvain | |
2093 | Plantefeve, Stanislav Angelovič, Susant Sahani, Thomas Haller, Thomas | |
2094 | Schmitt, Timo Schlüßler, Timo Wilken, Tobias Bernard, Tobias Klauser, | |
2095 | Tobias Stoeckmann, Topi Miettinen, tsia, WataruMatsuoka, Wieland | |
2096 | Hoffmann, Wilhelm Schuster, Will Fleming, xduugu, Yong Cong Sin, Yuri | |
2097 | Chornoivan, Yu Watanabe, Zach Smith, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Zeyu | |
2098 | DONG | |
901d1ce8 | 2099 | |
03985d06 | 2100 | – Warsaw, 2020-03-06 |
723822f0 | 2101 | |
bdf2357c | 2102 | CHANGES WITH 244: |
ee50dada ZJS |
2103 | |
2104 | * Support for the cpuset cgroups v2 controller has been added. | |
2105 | Processes may be restricted to specific CPUs using the new | |
2106 | AllowedCPUs= setting, and to specific memory NUMA nodes using the new | |
2107 | AllowedMemoryNodes= setting. | |
2108 | ||
2109 | * The signal used in restart jobs (as opposed to e.g. stop jobs) may | |
1e904320 | 2110 | now be configured using a new RestartKillSignal= setting. This |
ee50dada ZJS |
2111 | allows units which signals to request termination to implement |
2112 | different behaviour when stopping in preparation for a restart. | |
2113 | ||
2114 | * "systemctl clean" may now be used also for socket, mount, and swap | |
2115 | units. | |
2116 | ||
2117 | * systemd will also read configuration options from the EFI variable | |
2118 | SystemdOptions. This may be used to configure systemd behaviour when | |
2119 | modifying the kernel command line is inconvenient, but configuration | |
2120 | on disk is read too late, for example for the options related to | |
2536752d | 2121 | cgroup hierarchy setup. 'bootctl systemd-efi-options' may be used to |
ee50dada ZJS |
2122 | set the EFI variable. |
2123 | ||
2124 | * systemd will now disable printk ratelimits in early boot. This should | |
2125 | allow us to capture more logs from the early boot phase where normal | |
2126 | storage is not available and the kernel ring buffer is used for | |
2127 | logging. Configuration on the kernel command line has higher priority | |
2128 | and overrides the systemd setting. | |
2129 | ||
2130 | systemd programs which log to /dev/kmsg directly use internal | |
2131 | ratelimits to prevent runaway logging. (Normally this is only used | |
2132 | during early boot, so in practice this change has very little | |
2133 | effect.) | |
2134 | ||
3e1db806 AZ |
2135 | * Unit files now support top level dropin directories of the form |
2136 | <unit_type>.d/ (e.g. service.d/) that may be used to add configuration | |
2137 | that affects all corresponding unit files. | |
ee50dada | 2138 | |
852b7272 ZJS |
2139 | * systemctl gained support for 'stop --job-mode=triggering' which will |
2140 | stop the specified unit and any units which could trigger it. | |
2141 | ||
2142 | * Unit status display now includes units triggering and triggered by | |
2143 | the unit being shown. | |
2144 | ||
ee50dada ZJS |
2145 | * The RuntimeMaxSec= setting is now supported by scopes, not just |
2146 | .service units. This is particularly useful for PAM sessions which | |
2147 | create a scope unit for the user login. systemd.runtime_max_sec= | |
2148 | setting may used with the pam_systemd module to limit the duration | |
2149 | of the PAM session, for example for time-limited logins. | |
2150 | ||
852b7272 | 2151 | * A new @pkey system call group is now defined to make it easier to |
6b000af4 | 2152 | allow-list memory protection syscalls for containers and services |
852b7272 ZJS |
2153 | which need to use them. |
2154 | ||
2155 | * systemd-udevd: removed the 30s timeout for killing stale workers on | |
2156 | exit. systemd-udevd now waits for workers to finish. The hard-coded | |
2157 | exit timeout of 30s was too short for some large installations, where | |
2158 | driver initialization could be prematurely interrupted during initrd | |
2159 | processing if the root file system had been mounted and init was | |
2160 | preparing to switch root. If udevd is run without systemd and workers | |
2161 | are hanging while udevd receives an exit signal, udevd will now exit | |
2162 | when udev.event_timeout is reached for the last hanging worker. With | |
2163 | systemd, the exit timeout can additionally be configured using | |
2164 | TimeoutStopSec= in systemd-udevd.service. | |
2165 | ||
ee50dada ZJS |
2166 | * udev now provides a program (fido_id) that identifies FIDO CTAP1 |
2167 | ("U2F")/CTAP2 security tokens based on the usage declared in their | |
2168 | report and descriptor and outputs suitable environment variables. | |
6b000af4 | 2169 | This replaces the externally maintained allow lists of all known |
ee50dada ZJS |
2170 | security tokens that were used previously. |
2171 | ||
6b000af4 | 2172 | * Automatically generated autosuspend udev rules for allow-listed |
ee50dada | 2173 | devices have been imported from the Chromium OS project. This should |
b7db8b7b | 2174 | improve power saving with many more devices. |
ee50dada ZJS |
2175 | |
2176 | * udev gained a new "CONST{key}=value" setting that allows matching | |
2177 | against system-wide constants without forking a helper binary. | |
2178 | Currently "arch" and "virt" keys are supported. | |
2179 | ||
2180 | * udev now opens CDROMs in non-exclusive mode when querying their | |
2181 | capabilities. This should fix issues where other programs trying to | |
2182 | use the CDROM cannot gain access to it, but carries a risk of | |
2183 | interfering with programs writing to the disk, if they did not open | |
2184 | the device in exclusive mode as they should. | |
2185 | ||
2186 | * systemd-networkd does not create a default route for IPv4 link local | |
2187 | addressing anymore. The creation of the route was unexpected and was | |
2188 | breaking routing in various cases, but people who rely on it being | |
2189 | created implicitly will need to adjust. Such a route may be requested | |
2190 | with DefaultRouteOnDevice=yes. | |
2191 | ||
2192 | Similarly, systemd-networkd will not assign a link-local IPv6 address | |
2193 | when IPv6 link-local routing is not enabled. | |
2194 | ||
2195 | * Receive and transmit buffers may now be configured on links with | |
2196 | the new RxBufferSize= and TxBufferSize= settings. | |
2197 | ||
2198 | * systemd-networkd may now advertise additional IPv6 routes. A new | |
2199 | [IPv6RoutePrefix] section with Route= and LifetimeSec= options is | |
2200 | now supported. | |
2201 | ||
2202 | * systemd-networkd may now configure "next hop" routes using the | |
2203 | [NextHop] section and Gateway= and Id= settings. | |
2204 | ||
2205 | * systemd-networkd will now retain DHCP config on restarts by default | |
2206 | (but this may be overridden using the KeepConfiguration= setting). | |
2207 | The default for SendRelease= has been changed to true. | |
2208 | ||
2209 | * The DHCPv4 client now uses the OPTION_INFORMATION_REFRESH_TIME option | |
2210 | received from the server. | |
2211 | ||
2212 | The client will use the received SIP server list if UseSIP=yes is | |
2213 | set. | |
2214 | ||
2215 | The client may be configured to request specific options from the | |
2216 | server using a new RequestOptions= setting. | |
2217 | ||
852b7272 ZJS |
2218 | The client may be configured to send arbitrary options to the server |
2219 | using a new SendOption= setting. | |
2220 | ||
ee50dada ZJS |
2221 | A new IPServiceType= setting has been added to configure the "IP |
2222 | service type" value used by the client. | |
2223 | ||
2224 | * The DHCPv6 client learnt a new PrefixDelegationHint= option to | |
2225 | request prefix hints in the DHCPv6 solicitation. | |
2226 | ||
852b7272 | 2227 | * The DHCPv4 server may be configured to send arbitrary options using |
88b86003 | 2228 | a new SendOption= setting. |
852b7272 ZJS |
2229 | |
2230 | * The DHCPv4 server may now be configured to emit SIP server list using | |
2231 | the new EmitSIP= and SIP= settings. | |
2232 | ||
ee50dada ZJS |
2233 | * systemd-networkd and networkctl may now renew DHCP leases on demand. |
2234 | networkctl has a new 'networkctl renew' verb. | |
2235 | ||
2236 | * systemd-networkd may now reconfigure links on demand. networkctl | |
2237 | gained two new verbs: "reload" will reload the configuration, and | |
2238 | "reconfigure DEVICE…" will reconfigure one or more devices. | |
2239 | ||
2240 | * .network files may now match on SSID and BSSID of a wireless network, | |
2241 | i.e. the access point name and hardware address using the new SSID= | |
2242 | and BSSID= options. networkctl will display the current SSID and | |
2243 | BSSID for wireless links. | |
2244 | ||
2245 | .network files may also match on the wireless network type using the | |
f36e6a4a | 2246 | new WLANInterfaceType= option. |
ee50dada ZJS |
2247 | |
2248 | * systemd-networkd now includes default configuration that enables | |
2249 | link-local addressing when connected to an ad-hoc wireless network. | |
2250 | ||
ee50dada ZJS |
2251 | * systemd-networkd may configure the Traffic Control queueing |
2252 | disciplines in the kernel using the new | |
2253 | [TrafficControlQueueingDiscipline] section and Parent=, | |
2254 | NetworkEmulatorDelaySec=, NetworkEmulatorDelayJitterSec=, | |
6878c022 YW |
2255 | NetworkEmulatorPacketLimit=, NetworkEmulatorLossRate=, |
2256 | NetworkEmulatorDuplicateRate= settings. | |
ee50dada ZJS |
2257 | |
2258 | * systemd-tmpfiles gained a new w+ setting to append to files. | |
2259 | ||
2260 | * systemd-analyze dump will now report when the memory configuration in | |
2261 | the kernel does not match what systemd has configured (usually, | |
2262 | because some external program has modified the kernel configuration | |
2263 | on its own). | |
2264 | ||
852b7272 ZJS |
2265 | * systemd-analyze gained a new --base-time= switch instructs the |
2266 | 'calendar' verb to resolve times relative to that timestamp instead | |
2267 | of the present time. | |
2268 | ||
ee50dada ZJS |
2269 | * journalctl --update-catalog now produces deterministic output (making |
2270 | reproducible image builds easier). | |
2271 | ||
2272 | * A new devicetree-overlay setting is now documented in the Boot Loader | |
2273 | Specification. | |
2274 | ||
2275 | * The default value of the WatchdogSec= setting used in systemd | |
2276 | services (the ones bundled with the project itself) may be set at | |
2277 | configuration time using the -Dservice-watchdog= setting. If set to | |
2278 | empty, the watchdogs will be disabled. | |
2279 | ||
0e4daba1 MK |
2280 | * systemd-resolved validates IP addresses in certificates now when GnuTLS |
2281 | is being used. | |
597f905c | 2282 | |
852b7272 ZJS |
2283 | * libcryptsetup >= 2.0.1 is now required. |
2284 | ||
2285 | * A configuration option -Duser-path= may be used to override the $PATH | |
2286 | used by the user service manager. The default is again to use the same | |
2287 | path as the system manager. | |
2288 | ||
168e131b LP |
2289 | * The systemd-id128 tool gained a new switch "-u" (or "--uuid") for |
2290 | outputting the 128bit IDs in UUID format (i.e. in the "canonical | |
2291 | representation"). | |
2292 | ||
2293 | * Service units gained a new sandboxing option ProtectKernelLogs= which | |
2294 | makes sure the program cannot get direct access to the kernel log | |
2295 | buffer anymore, i.e. the syslog() system call (not to be confused | |
2296 | with the API of the same name in libc, which is not affected), the | |
2297 | /proc/kmsg and /dev/kmsg nodes and the CAP_SYSLOG capability are made | |
2298 | inaccessible to the service. It's recommended to enable this setting | |
2299 | for all services that should not be able to read from or write to the | |
2300 | kernel log buffer, which are probably almost all. | |
2301 | ||
bdf2357c | 2302 | Contributions from: Aaron Plattner, Alcaro, Anita Zhang, Balint Reczey, |
8bf2a311 LP |
2303 | Bastien Nocera, Baybal Ni, Benjamin Bouvier, Benjamin Gilbert, Carlo |
2304 | Teubner, cbzxt, Chen Qi, Chris Down, Christian Rebischke, Claudio | |
2305 | Zumbo, ClydeByrdIII, crashfistfight, Cyprien Laplace, Daniel Edgecumbe, | |
2306 | Daniel Gorbea, Daniel Rusek, Daniel Stuart, Dan Streetman, David | |
2307 | Pedersen, David Tardon, Dimitri John Ledkov, Dominique Martinet, Donald | |
2308 | A. Cupp Jr, Evgeny Vereshchagin, Fabian Henneke, Filipe Brandenburger, | |
2309 | Franck Bui, Frantisek Sumsal, Georg Müller, Hans de Goede, Haochen | |
2310 | Tong, HATAYAMA Daisuke, Iwan Timmer, Jan Janssen, Jan Kundrát, Jan | |
2311 | Synacek, Jan Tojnar, Jay Strict, Jérémy Rosen, Jóhann B. Guðmundsson, | |
2312 | Jonas Jelten, Jonas Thelemann, Justin Trudell, J. Xing, Kai-Heng Feng, | |
2313 | Kenneth D'souza, Kevin Becker, Kevin Kuehler, Lennart Poettering, | |
2314 | Léonard Gérard, Lorenz Bauer, Luca Boccassi, Maciej Stanczew, Mario | |
2315 | Limonciello, Marko Myllynen, Mark Stosberg, Martin Wilck, matthiasroos, | |
2316 | Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, Michael Tretter, Michal Sekletar, | |
2317 | Michal Sekletár, Michal Suchanek, Mike Gilbert, Mike Kazantsev, Nicolas | |
2318 | Douma, nikolas, Norbert Lange, pan93412, Pascal de Bruijn, Paul Menzel, | |
2319 | Pavel Hrdina, Peter Wu, Philip Withnall, Piotr Drąg, Rafael Fontenelle, | |
2320 | Renaud Métrich, Riccardo Schirone, RoadrunnerWMC, Ronan Pigott, Ryan | |
2321 | Attard, Sebastian Wick, Serge, Siddharth Chandrasekara, Steve Ramage, | |
2322 | Steve Traylen, Susant Sahani, Thibault Nélis, Tim Teichmann, Tom | |
2323 | Fitzhenry, Tommy J, Torsten Hilbrich, Vito Caputo, ypf791, Yu Watanabe, | |
2324 | Zach Smith, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
2325 | ||
2326 | – Warsaw, 2019-11-29 | |
bdf2357c | 2327 | |
efb536d0 | 2328 | CHANGES WITH 243: |
6af90583 | 2329 | |
0338934f LP |
2330 | * This release enables unprivileged programs (i.e. requiring neither |
2331 | setuid nor file capabilities) to send ICMP Echo (i.e. ping) requests | |
08b59539 | 2332 | by turning on the "net.ipv4.ping_group_range" sysctl of the Linux |
0338934f LP |
2333 | kernel for the whole UNIX group range, i.e. all processes. This |
2334 | change should be reasonably safe, as the kernel support for it was | |
2335 | specifically implemented to allow safe access to ICMP Echo for | |
2336 | processes lacking any privileges. If this is not desirable, it can be | |
2337 | disabled again by setting the parameter to "1 0". | |
2338 | ||
4cd82631 | 2339 | * Previously, filters defined with SystemCallFilter= would have the |
08b59539 CR |
2340 | effect that any calling of an offending system call would terminate |
2341 | the calling thread. This behaviour never made much sense, since | |
2342 | killing individual threads of unsuspecting processes is likely to | |
2343 | create more problems than it solves. With this release the default | |
2344 | action changed from killing the thread to killing the whole | |
2345 | process. For this to work correctly both a kernel version (>= 4.14) | |
2346 | and a libseccomp version (>= 2.4.0) supporting this new seccomp | |
2347 | action is required. If an older kernel or libseccomp is used the old | |
2348 | behaviour continues to be used. This change does not affect any | |
2349 | services that have no system call filters defined, or that use | |
2350 | SystemCallErrorNumber= (and thus see EPERM or another error instead | |
2351 | of being killed when calling an offending system call). Note that | |
2352 | systemd documentation always claimed that the whole process is | |
2353 | killed. With this change behaviour is thus adjusted to match the | |
2354 | documentation. | |
4cd82631 | 2355 | |
4860f5c2 ZJS |
2356 | * On 64 bit systems, the "kernel.pid_max" sysctl is now bumped to |
2357 | 4194304 by default, i.e. the full 22bit range the kernel allows, up | |
2358 | from the old 16bit range. This should improve security and | |
2359 | robustness, as PID collisions are made less likely (though certainly | |
2360 | still possible). There are rumours this might create compatibility | |
6af90583 LP |
2361 | problems, though at this moment no practical ones are known to |
2362 | us. Downstream distributions are hence advised to undo this change in | |
2363 | their builds if they are concerned about maximum compatibility, but | |
2364 | for everybody else we recommend leaving the value bumped. Besides | |
2365 | improving security and robustness this should also simplify things as | |
2366 | the maximum number of allowed concurrent tasks was previously bounded | |
4860f5c2 ZJS |
2367 | by both "kernel.pid_max" and "kernel.threads-max" and now effectively |
2368 | only a single knob is left ("kernel.threads-max"). There have been | |
2369 | concerns that usability is affected by this change because larger PID | |
2370 | numbers are harder to type, but we believe the change from 5 digits | |
2371 | to 7 digits doesn't hamper usability. | |
6af90583 | 2372 | |
2875a36b LP |
2373 | * MemoryLow= and MemoryMin= gained hierarchy-aware counterparts, |
2374 | DefaultMemoryLow= and DefaultMemoryMin=, which can be used to | |
acdb4b52 CD |
2375 | hierarchically set default memory protection values for a particular |
2376 | subtree of the unit hierarchy. | |
2377 | ||
22bf131b CD |
2378 | * Memory protection directives can now take a value of zero, allowing |
2379 | explicit opting out of a default value propagated by an ancestor. | |
2380 | ||
87cf1f8f LP |
2381 | * systemd now defaults to the "unified" cgroup hierarchy setup during |
2382 | build-time, i.e. -Ddefault-hierarchy=unified is now the build-time | |
2383 | default. Previously, -Ddefault-hierarchy=hybrid was the default. This | |
2384 | change reflects the fact that cgroupsv2 support has matured | |
2385 | substantially in both systemd and in the kernel, and is clearly the | |
2386 | way forward. Downstream production distributions might want to | |
2387 | continue to use -Ddefault-hierarchy=hybrid (or even =legacy) for | |
2388 | their builds as unfortunately the popular container managers have not | |
2389 | caught up with the kernel API changes. | |
2390 | ||
51b568f7 ZJS |
2391 | * Man pages are not built by default anymore (html pages were already |
2392 | disabled by default), to make development builds quicker. When | |
2393 | building systemd for a full installation with documentation, meson | |
4860f5c2 ZJS |
2394 | should be called with -Dman=true and/or -Dhtml=true as appropriate. |
2395 | The default was changed based on the assumption that quick one-off or | |
2396 | repeated development builds are much more common than full optimized | |
2397 | builds for installation, and people need to pass various other | |
2398 | options to when doing "proper" builds anyway, so the gain from making | |
2399 | development builds quicker is bigger than the one time disruption for | |
2400 | packagers. | |
51b568f7 ZJS |
2401 | |
2402 | Two scripts are created in the *build* directory to generate and | |
2403 | preview man and html pages on demand, e.g.: | |
2404 | ||
2405 | build/man/man systemctl | |
2406 | build/man/html systemd.index | |
2407 | ||
e110599b | 2408 | * libidn2 is used by default if both libidn2 and libidn are installed. |
4860f5c2 | 2409 | Please use -Dlibidn=true if libidn is preferred. |
e110599b | 2410 | |
2875a36b | 2411 | * The D-Bus "wire format" of the CPUAffinity= attribute is changed on |
9120e2bf ZJS |
2412 | big-endian machines. Before, bytes were written and read in native |
2413 | machine order as exposed by the native libc __cpu_mask interface. | |
2414 | Now, little-endian order is always used (CPUs 0–7 are described by | |
2415 | bits 0–7 in byte 0, CPUs 8–15 are described by byte 1, and so on). | |
2416 | This change fixes D-Bus calls that cross endianness boundary. | |
2417 | ||
2875a36b LP |
2418 | The presentation format used for CPUAffinity= by "systemctl show" and |
2419 | "systemd-analyze dump" is changed to present CPU indices instead of | |
2420 | the raw __cpu_mask bitmask. For example, CPUAffinity=0-1 would be | |
2421 | shown as CPUAffinity=03000000000000000000000000000… (on | |
2422 | little-endian) or CPUAffinity=00000000000000300000000000000… (on | |
2423 | 64-bit big-endian), and is now shown as CPUAffinity=0-1, matching the | |
2424 | input format. The maximum integer that will be printed in the new | |
2425 | format is 8191 (four digits), while the old format always used a very | |
2426 | long number (with the length varying by architecture), so they can be | |
2427 | unambiguously distinguished. | |
9120e2bf | 2428 | |
51b568f7 ZJS |
2429 | * /usr/sbin/halt.local is no longer supported. Implementation in |
2430 | distributions was inconsistent and it seems this functionality was | |
2431 | very rarely used. | |
2432 | ||
2433 | To replace this functionality, users should: | |
2434 | - either define a new unit and make it a dependency of final.target | |
2435 | (systemctl add-wants final.target my-halt-local.service) | |
2436 | - or move the shutdown script to /usr/lib/systemd/system-shutdown/ | |
2437 | and ensure that it accepts "halt", "poweroff", "reboot", and | |
2438 | "kexec" as an argument, see the description in systemd-shutdown(8). | |
2439 | ||
2440 | * When a [Match] section in .link or .network file is empty (contains | |
2441 | no match patterns), a warning will be emitted. Please add any "match | |
9120e2bf | 2442 | all" pattern instead, e.g. OriginalName=* or Name=* in case all |
51b568f7 ZJS |
2443 | interfaces should really be matched. |
2444 | ||
b070c7c0 | 2445 | * A new setting NUMAPolicy= may be used to set process memory |
08b59539 CR |
2446 | allocation policy. This setting can be specified in |
2447 | /etc/systemd/system.conf and hence will set the default policy for | |
2448 | PID1. The default policy can be overridden on a per-service | |
2449 | basis. The related setting NUMAMask= is used to specify NUMA node | |
2450 | mask that should be associated with the selected policy. | |
2875a36b LP |
2451 | |
2452 | * PID 1 will now listen to Out-Of-Memory (OOM) events the kernel | |
eebaa724 | 2453 | generates when processes it manages are reaching their memory limits, |
2875a36b LP |
2454 | and will place their units in a special state, and optionally kill or |
2455 | stop the whole unit. | |
2456 | ||
2457 | * The service manager will now expose bus properties for the IO | |
2458 | resources used by units. This information is also shown in "systemctl | |
2459 | status" now (for services that have IOAccounting=yes set). Moreover, | |
2460 | the IO accounting data is included in the resource log message | |
2461 | generated whenever a unit stops. | |
2462 | ||
201632e3 | 2463 | * Units may now configure an explicit timeout to wait for when killed |
2875a36b | 2464 | with SIGABRT, for example when a service watchdog is hit. Previously, |
201632e3 ZJS |
2465 | the regular TimeoutStopSec= timeout was applied in this case too — |
2466 | now a separate timeout may be set using TimeoutAbortSec=. | |
2875a36b LP |
2467 | |
2468 | * Services may now send a special WATCHDOG=trigger message with | |
2469 | sd_notify() to trigger an immediate "watchdog missed" event, and thus | |
4860f5c2 | 2470 | trigger service termination. This is useful both for testing watchdog |
2875a36b LP |
2471 | handling, but also for defining error paths in services, that shall |
2472 | be handled the same way as watchdog events. | |
2473 | ||
2474 | * There are two new per-unit settings IPIngressFilterPath= and | |
2475 | IPEgressFilterPath= which allow configuration of a BPF program | |
2476 | (usually by specifying a path to a program uploaded to /sys/fs/bpf/) | |
2477 | to apply to the IP packet ingress/egress path of all processes of a | |
2478 | unit. This is useful to allow running systemd services with BPF | |
2479 | programs set up externally. | |
2480 | ||
2481 | * systemctl gained a new "clean" verb for removing the state, cache, | |
2482 | runtime or logs directories of a service while it is terminated. The | |
2483 | new verb may also be used to remove the state maintained on disk for | |
2484 | timer units that have Persistent= configured. | |
2485 | ||
2486 | * During the last phase of shutdown systemd will now automatically | |
2487 | increase the log level configured in the "kernel.printk" sysctl so | |
2488 | that any relevant loggable events happening during late shutdown are | |
2489 | made visible. Previously, loggable events happening so late during | |
2490 | shutdown were generally lost if the "kernel.printk" sysctl was set to | |
2491 | high thresholds, as regular logging daemons are terminated at that | |
2492 | time and thus nothing is written to disk. | |
2493 | ||
2494 | * If processes terminated during the last phase of shutdown do not exit | |
2495 | quickly systemd will now show their names after a short time, to make | |
201632e3 | 2496 | debugging easier. After a longer timeout they are forcibly killed, |
2875a36b LP |
2497 | as before. |
2498 | ||
2499 | * journalctl (and the other tools that display logs) will now highlight | |
2500 | warnings in yellow (previously, both LOG_NOTICE and LOG_WARNING where | |
2501 | shown in bright bold, now only LOG_NOTICE is). Moreover, audit logs | |
2502 | are now shown in blue color, to separate them visually from regular | |
2503 | logs. References to configuration files are now turned into clickable | |
2504 | links on terminals that support that. | |
2505 | ||
2506 | * systemd-journald will now stop logging to /var/log/journal during | |
2507 | shutdown when /var/ is on a separate mount, so that it can be | |
2508 | unmounted safely during shutdown. | |
2509 | ||
2510 | * systemd-resolved gained support for a new 'strict' DNS-over-TLS mode. | |
2511 | ||
29db4c3a LP |
2512 | * systemd-resolved "Cache=" configuration option in resolved.conf has |
2513 | been extended to also accept the 'no-negative' value. Previously, | |
2514 | only a boolean option was allowed (yes/no), having yes as the | |
4860f5c2 ZJS |
2515 | default. If this option is set to 'no-negative', negative answers are |
2516 | not cached while the old cache heuristics are used positive answers. | |
2517 | The default remains unchanged. | |
37d7a7d9 | 2518 | |
2875a36b LP |
2519 | * The predictable naming scheme for network devices now supports |
2520 | generating predictable names for "netdevsim" devices. | |
2521 | ||
4860f5c2 ZJS |
2522 | Moreover, the "en" prefix was dropped from the ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD |
2523 | udev property. | |
2524 | ||
2525 | Those two changes form a new net.naming-policy-scheme= entry. | |
2526 | Distributions which want to preserve naming stability may want to set | |
2527 | the -Ddefault-net-naming-scheme= configuration option. | |
2528 | ||
2875a36b LP |
2529 | * systemd-networkd now supports MACsec, nlmon, IPVTAP and Xfrm |
2530 | interfaces natively. | |
2531 | ||
2532 | * systemd-networkd's bridge FDB support now allows configuration of a | |
2533 | destination address for each entry (Destination=), as well as the | |
2534 | VXLAN VNI (VNI=), as well as an option to declare what an entry is | |
2535 | associated with (AssociatedWith=). | |
2536 | ||
2537 | * systemd-networkd's DHCPv4 support now understands a new MaxAttempts= | |
08b59539 | 2538 | option for configuring the maximum number of DHCP lease requests. It |
6b000af4 | 2539 | also learnt a new BlackList= option for deny-listing DHCP servers (a |
08b59539 CR |
2540 | similar setting has also been added to the IPv6 RA client), as well |
2541 | as a SendRelease= option for configuring whether to send a DHCP | |
2542 | RELEASE message when terminating. | |
2875a36b LP |
2543 | |
2544 | * systemd-networkd's DHCPv4 and DHCPv6 stacks can now be configured | |
29db4c3a LP |
2545 | separately in the [DHCPv4] and [DHCPv6] sections. |
2546 | ||
2547 | * systemd-networkd's DHCP support will now optionally create an | |
2548 | implicit host route to the DNS server specified in the DHCP lease, in | |
2549 | addition to the routes listed explicitly in the lease. This should | |
2550 | ensure that in multi-homed systems DNS traffic leaves the systems on | |
2551 | the interface that acquired the DNS server information even if other | |
2552 | routes such as default routes exist. This behaviour may be turned on | |
2553 | with the new RoutesToDNS= option. | |
2875a36b LP |
2554 | |
2555 | * systemd-networkd's VXLAN support gained a new option | |
eebaa724 | 2556 | GenericProtocolExtension= for enabling VXLAN Generic Protocol |
2875a36b LP |
2557 | Extension support, as well as IPDoNotFragment= for setting the IP |
2558 | "Don't fragment" bit on outgoing packets. A similar option has been | |
2559 | added to the GENEVE support. | |
2560 | ||
2561 | * In systemd-networkd's [Route] section you may now configure | |
2562 | FastOpenNoCookie= for configuring per-route TCP fast-open support, as | |
2563 | well as TTLPropagate= for configuring Label Switched Path (LSP) TTL | |
2564 | propagation. The Type= setting now supports local, broadcast, | |
2565 | anycast, multicast, any, xresolve routes, too. | |
2566 | ||
2567 | * systemd-networkd's [Network] section learnt a new option | |
2568 | DefaultRouteOnDevice= for automatically configuring a default route | |
2569 | onto the network device. | |
2570 | ||
2571 | * systemd-networkd's bridging support gained two new options ProxyARP= | |
2572 | and ProxyARPWifi= for configuring proxy ARP behaviour as well as | |
9f0d45e4 YW |
2573 | MulticastRouter= for configuring multicast routing behaviour. A new |
2574 | option MulticastIGMPVersion= may be used to change bridge's multicast | |
2575 | Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) version. | |
2875a36b LP |
2576 | |
2577 | * systemd-networkd's FooOverUDP support gained the ability to configure | |
2578 | local and peer IP addresses via Local= and Peer=. A new option | |
2579 | PeerPort= may be used to configure the peer's IP port. | |
2580 | ||
2581 | * systemd-networkd's TUN support gained a new setting VnetHeader= for | |
2582 | tweaking Generic Segment Offload support. | |
2583 | ||
70fcda85 ZJS |
2584 | * The address family for policy rules may be specified using the new |
2585 | Family= option in the [RoutingPolicyRule] section. | |
2586 | ||
2875a36b LP |
2587 | * networkctl gained a new "delete" command for removing virtual network |
2588 | devices, as well as a new "--stats" switch for showing device | |
2589 | statistics. | |
2590 | ||
13cb62af YW |
2591 | * networkd.conf gained a new setting SpeedMeter= and |
2592 | SpeedMeterIntervalSec=, to measure bitrate of network interfaces. The | |
2593 | measured speed may be shown by 'networkctl status'. | |
2594 | ||
4860f5c2 ZJS |
2595 | * "networkctl status" now displays MTU and queue lengths, and more |
2596 | detailed information about VXLAN and bridge devices. | |
2597 | ||
2875a36b LP |
2598 | * systemd-networkd's .network and .link files gained a new Property= |
2599 | setting in the [Match] section, to match against devices with | |
2600 | specific udev properties. | |
2601 | ||
2602 | * systemd-networkd's tunnel support gained a new option | |
2603 | AssignToLoopback= for selecting whether to use the loopback device | |
2604 | "lo" as underlying device. | |
2605 | ||
70183735 | 2606 | * systemd-networkd's MACAddress= setting in the [Neighbor] section has |
2875a36b LP |
2607 | been renamed to LinkLayerAddress=, and it now allows configuration of |
2608 | IP addresses, too. | |
2609 | ||
efb536d0 ZJS |
2610 | * systemd-networkd's handling of the kernel's disable_ipv6 sysctl is |
2611 | simplified: systemd-networkd will disable the sysctl (enable IPv6) if | |
2612 | IPv6 configuration (static or DHCPv6) was found for a given | |
2613 | interface. It will not touch the sysctl otherwise. | |
2614 | ||
2615 | * The order of entries is $PATH used by the user manager instance was | |
2616 | changed to put bin/ entries before the corresponding sbin/ entries. | |
2617 | It is recommended to not rely on this order, and only ever have one | |
2618 | binary with a given name in the system paths under /usr. | |
2619 | ||
29db4c3a LP |
2620 | * A new tool systemd-network-generator has been added that may generate |
2621 | .network, .netdev and .link files from IP configuration specified on | |
4860f5c2 | 2622 | the kernel command line in the format used by Dracut. |
29db4c3a | 2623 | |
2875a36b LP |
2624 | * The CriticalConnection= setting in .network files is now deprecated, |
2625 | and replaced by a new KeepConfiguration= setting which allows more | |
2626 | detailed configuration of the IP configuration to keep in place. | |
2627 | ||
4860f5c2 ZJS |
2628 | * systemd-analyze gained a few new verbs: |
2629 | ||
2630 | - "systemd-analyze timestamp" parses and converts timestamps. This is | |
2631 | similar to the existing "systemd-analyze calendar" command which | |
2632 | does the same for recurring calendar events. | |
2633 | ||
2634 | - "systemd-analyze timespan" parses and converts timespans (i.e. | |
2635 | durations as opposed to points in time). | |
2636 | ||
2637 | - "systemd-analyze condition" will parse and test ConditionXYZ= | |
2638 | expressions. | |
2639 | ||
2640 | - "systemd-analyze exit-status" will parse and convert exit status | |
2641 | codes to their names and back. | |
2642 | ||
2643 | - "systemd-analyze unit-files" will print a list of all unit | |
2644 | file paths and unit aliases. | |
2645 | ||
2646 | * SuccessExitStatus=, RestartPreventExitStatus=, and | |
2647 | RestartForceExitStatus= now accept exit status names (e.g. "DATAERR" | |
2648 | is equivalent to "65"). Those exit status name mappings may be | |
cc560ac0 | 2649 | displayed with the systemd-analyze exit-status verb describe above. |
2875a36b LP |
2650 | |
2651 | * systemd-logind now exposes a per-session SetBrightness() bus call, | |
2652 | which may be used to securely change the brightness of a kernel | |
2653 | brightness device, if it belongs to the session's seat. By using this | |
2654 | call unprivileged clients can make changes to "backlight" and "leds" | |
4860f5c2 ZJS |
2655 | devices securely with strict requirements on session membership. |
2656 | Desktop environments may use this to generically make brightness | |
2657 | changes to such devices without shipping private SUID binaries or | |
2658 | udev rules for that purpose. | |
2875a36b LP |
2659 | |
2660 | * "udevadm info" gained a --wait-for-initialization switch to wait for | |
2661 | a device to be initialized. | |
2662 | ||
2663 | * systemd-hibernate-resume-generator will now look for resumeflags= on | |
2664 | the kernel command line, which is similar to rootflags= and may be | |
4860f5c2 | 2665 | used to configure device timeout for the hibernation device. |
2875a36b LP |
2666 | |
2667 | * sd-event learnt a new API call sd_event_source_disable_unref() for | |
2668 | disabling and unref'ing an event source in a single function. A | |
2669 | related call sd_event_source_disable_unrefp() has been added for use | |
4860f5c2 | 2670 | with gcc's cleanup extension. |
2875a36b LP |
2671 | |
2672 | * The sd-id128.h public API gained a new definition | |
2673 | SD_ID128_UUID_FORMAT_STR for formatting a 128bit ID in UUID format | |
2674 | with printf(). | |
2675 | ||
2676 | * "busctl introspect" gained a new switch --xml-interface for dumping | |
2677 | XML introspection data unmodified. | |
2678 | ||
2679 | * PID 1 may now show the unit name instead of the unit description | |
2680 | string in its status output during boot. This may be configured in | |
2681 | the StatusUnitFormat= setting in /etc/systemd/system.conf or the | |
2682 | kernel command line option systemd.status_unit_format=. | |
2683 | ||
907ddcd3 | 2684 | * PID 1 now understands a new option KExecWatchdogSec= in |
4860f5c2 ZJS |
2685 | /etc/systemd/system.conf to set a watchdog timeout for kexec reboots. |
2686 | Previously watchdog functionality was only available for regular | |
2687 | reboots. The new setting defaults to off, because we don't know in | |
2688 | the general case if the watchdog will be reset after kexec (some | |
2689 | drivers do reset it, but not all), and the new userspace might not be | |
2690 | configured to handle the watchdog. | |
2691 | ||
2692 | Moreover, the old ShutdownWatchdogSec= setting has been renamed to | |
2693 | RebootWatchdogSec= to more clearly communicate what it is about. The | |
2694 | old name is still accepted for compatibility. | |
907ddcd3 | 2695 | |
2875a36b | 2696 | * The systemd.debug_shell kernel command line option now optionally |
4860f5c2 ZJS |
2697 | takes a tty name to spawn the debug shell on, which allows a |
2698 | different tty to be selected than the built-in default. | |
2875a36b | 2699 | |
a4d5848a AZ |
2700 | * Service units gained a new ExecCondition= setting which will run |
2701 | before ExecStartPre= and either continue execution of the unit (for | |
2702 | clean exit codes), stop execution without marking the unit failed | |
2703 | (for exit codes 1 through 254), or stop execution and fail the unit | |
4860f5c2 | 2704 | (for exit code 255 or abnormal termination). |
a4d5848a | 2705 | |
29db4c3a | 2706 | * A new service systemd-pstore.service has been added that pulls data |
08b59539 | 2707 | from /sys/fs/pstore/ and saves it to /var/lib/pstore for later |
29db4c3a LP |
2708 | review. |
2709 | ||
2710 | * timedatectl gained new verbs for configuring per-interface NTP | |
2711 | service configuration for systemd-timesyncd. | |
2712 | ||
2713 | * "localectl list-locales" won't list non-UTF-8 locales anymore. It's | |
a18a3aac | 2714 | 2019. (You can set non-UTF-8 locales though, if you know their name.) |
29db4c3a | 2715 | |
b64c47c0 LP |
2716 | * If variable assignments in sysctl.d/ files are prefixed with "-" any |
2717 | failures to apply them are now ignored. | |
2718 | ||
a18a3aac LP |
2719 | * systemd-random-seed.service now optionally credits entropy when |
2720 | applying the seed to the system. Set $SYSTEMD_RANDOM_SEED_CREDIT to | |
2721 | true for the service to enable this behaviour, but please consult the | |
2722 | documentation first, since this comes with a couple of caveats. | |
2723 | ||
4860f5c2 ZJS |
2724 | * systemd-random-seed.service is now a synchronization point for full |
2725 | initialization of the kernel's entropy pool. Services that require | |
2726 | /dev/urandom to be correctly initialized should be ordered after this | |
2727 | service. | |
a18a3aac LP |
2728 | |
2729 | * The systemd-boot boot loader has been updated to optionally maintain | |
2730 | a random seed file in the EFI System Partition (ESP). During the boot | |
2731 | phase, this random seed is read and updated with a new seed | |
4860f5c2 | 2732 | cryptographically derived from it. Another derived seed is passed to |
a18a3aac LP |
2733 | the OS. The latter seed is then credited to the kernel's entropy pool |
2734 | very early during userspace initialization (from PID 1). This allows | |
2735 | systems to boot up with a fully initialized kernel entropy pool from | |
2736 | earliest boot on, and thus entirely removes all entropy pool | |
2737 | initialization delays from systems using systemd-boot. Special care | |
2738 | is taken to ensure different seeds are derived on system images | |
4860f5c2 ZJS |
2739 | replicated to multiple systems. "bootctl status" will show whether |
2740 | a seed was received from the boot loader. | |
2741 | ||
2742 | * bootctl gained two new verbs: | |
2743 | ||
2744 | - "bootctl random-seed" will generate the file in ESP and an EFI | |
2745 | variable to allow a random seed to be passed to the OS as described | |
2746 | above. | |
2747 | ||
2748 | - "bootctl is-installed" checks whether systemd-boot is currently | |
2749 | installed. | |
a18a3aac | 2750 | |
4860f5c2 ZJS |
2751 | * bootctl will warn if it detects that boot entries are misconfigured |
2752 | (for example if the kernel image was removed without purging the | |
2753 | bootloader entry). | |
a18a3aac LP |
2754 | |
2755 | * A new document has been added describing systemd's use and support | |
2756 | for the kernel's entropy pool subsystem: | |
2757 | ||
2758 | https://systemd.io/RANDOM_SEEDS | |
2759 | ||
48fd50f7 LP |
2760 | * When the system is hibernated the swap device to write the |
2761 | hibernation image to is now automatically picked from all available | |
2762 | swap devices, preferring the swap device with the highest configured | |
2763 | priority over all others, and picking the device with the most free | |
2764 | space if there are multiple devices with the highest priority. | |
2765 | ||
2766 | * /etc/crypttab support has learnt a new keyfile-timeout= per-device | |
86b52a39 | 2767 | option that permits selecting the timeout how long to wait for a |
48fd50f7 LP |
2768 | device with an encryption key before asking for the password. |
2769 | ||
2dbc45ae KK |
2770 | * IOWeight= has learnt to properly set the IO weight when using the |
2771 | BFQ scheduler officially found in kernels 5.0+. | |
2772 | ||
6d8cf864 ZJS |
2773 | * A new mailing list has been created for reporting of security issues: |
2774 | systemd-security@redhat.com. For mode details, see | |
2775 | https://systemd.io/CONTRIBUTING#security-vulnerability-reports. | |
2776 | ||
f21e2ecb ZJS |
2777 | Contributions from: Aaron Barany, Adrian Bunk, Alan Jenkins, Albrecht |
2778 | Lohofener, Andrej Valek, Anita Zhang, Arian van Putten, Balint Reczey, | |
2779 | Bastien Nocera, Ben Boeckel, Benjamin Robin, camoz, Chen Qi, Chris | |
03985d06 ZJS |
2780 | Chiu, Chris Down, Christian Göttsche, Christian Kellner, Clinton Roy, |
2781 | Connor Reeder, Daniel Black, Daniel Lublin, Daniele Medri, Dan | |
2782 | Streetman, Dave Reisner, Dave Ross, David Art, David Tardon, Debarshi | |
2783 | Ray, Dimitri John Ledkov, Dominick Grift, Donald Buczek, Douglas | |
2784 | Christman, Eric DeVolder, EtherGraf, Evgeny Vereshchagin, Feldwor, | |
2785 | Felix Riemann, Florian Dollinger, Francesco Pennica, Franck Bui, | |
2786 | Frantisek Sumsal, Franz Pletz, frederik, Hans de Goede, Iago López | |
2787 | Galeiras, Insun Pyo, Ivan Shapovalov, Iwan Timmer, Jack, Jakob | |
2788 | Unterwurzacher, Jan Chren, Jan Klötzke, Jan Losinski, Jan Pokorný, Jan | |
2789 | Synacek, Jan-Michael Brummer, Jeka Pats, Jeremy Soller, Jérémy Rosen, | |
2790 | Jiri Pirko, Joe Lin, Joerg Behrmann, Joe Richey, Jóhann B. Guðmundsson, | |
2791 | Johannes Christ, Johannes Schmitz, Jonathan Rouleau, Jorge Niedbalski, | |
2792 | Jörg Thalheim, Kai Krakow, Kai Lüke, Karel Zak, Kashyap Chamarthy, | |
f21e2ecb ZJS |
2793 | Krayushkin Konstantin, Lennart Poettering, Lubomir Rintel, Luca |
2794 | Boccassi, Luís Ferreira, Marc-André Lureau, Markus Felten, Martin Pitt, | |
2795 | Matthew Leeds, Mattias Jernberg, Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, | |
2796 | Michael Prokop, Michael Stapelberg, Michael Zhivich, Michal Koutný, | |
2797 | Michal Sekletar, Mike Gilbert, Milan Broz, Miroslav Lichvar, mpe85, | |
2798 | Mr-Foo, Network Silence, Oliver Harley, pan93412, Paul Menzel, pEJipE, | |
03985d06 ZJS |
2799 | Peter A. Bigot, Philip Withnall, Piotr Drąg, Rafael Fontenelle, Robert |
2800 | Scheck, Roberto Santalla, Ronan Pigott, root, RussianNeuroMancer, | |
2801 | Sebastian Jennen, shinygold, Shreyas Behera, Simon Schricker, Susant | |
2802 | Sahani, Thadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo, Theo Ouzhinski, Thiebaud | |
2803 | Weksteen, Thomas Haller, Thomas Weißschuh, Tomas Mraz, Tommi Rantala, | |
2804 | Topi Miettinen, VD-Lycos, ven, Vladimir Yerilov, Wieland Hoffmann, | |
2805 | William A. Kennington III, William Wold, Xi Ruoyao, Yuri Chornoivan, | |
2806 | Yu Watanabe, Zach Smith, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Zhang Xianwei | |
29db4c3a | 2807 | |
efb536d0 | 2808 | – Camerino, 2019-09-03 |
6af90583 | 2809 | |
d822bd4e | 2810 | CHANGES WITH 242: |
9b89e602 ZJS |
2811 | |
2812 | * In .link files, MACAddressPolicy=persistent (the default) is changed | |
2813 | to cover more devices. For devices like bridges, tun, tap, bond, and | |
2814 | similar interfaces that do not have other identifying information, | |
2815 | the interface name is used as the basis for persistent seed for MAC | |
2816 | and IPv4LL addresses. The way that devices that were handled | |
fd9baae8 ZJS |
2817 | previously is not changed, and this change is about covering more |
2818 | devices then previously by the "persistent" policy. | |
9b89e602 ZJS |
2819 | |
2820 | MACAddressPolicy=random may be used to force randomized MACs and | |
2821 | IPv4LL addresses for a device if desired. | |
2822 | ||
2823 | Hint: the log output from udev (at debug level) was enhanced to | |
2824 | clarify what policy is followed and which attributes are used. | |
2825 | `SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL=debug udevadm test-builtin net_setup_link /sys/class/net/<name>` | |
2826 | may be used to view this. | |
2827 | ||
c111cd98 YW |
2828 | Hint: if a bridge interface is created without any slaves, and gains |
2829 | a slave later, then now the bridge does not inherit slave's MAC. | |
2830 | To inherit slave's MAC, for example, create the following file: | |
2831 | ``` | |
2832 | # /etc/systemd/network/98-bridge-inherit-mac.link | |
2833 | [Match] | |
2834 | Type=bridge | |
2835 | ||
2836 | [Link] | |
2837 | MACAddressPolicy=none | |
2838 | ``` | |
2839 | ||
9b89e602 ZJS |
2840 | * The .device units generated by systemd-fstab-generator and other |
2841 | generators do not automatically pull in the corresponding .mount unit | |
2842 | as a Wants= dependency. This means that simply plugging in the device | |
2843 | will not cause the mount unit to be started automatically. But please | |
5787c509 LP |
2844 | note that the mount unit may be started for other reasons, in |
2845 | particular if it is part of local-fs.target, and any unit which | |
2846 | (transitively) depends on local-fs.target is started. | |
9b89e602 | 2847 | |
5787c509 LP |
2848 | * networkctl list/status/lldp now accept globbing wildcards for network |
2849 | interface names to match against all existing interfaces. | |
2850 | ||
2851 | * The $PIDFILE environment variable is set to point the absolute path | |
2852 | configured with PIDFile= for processes of that service. | |
9b89e602 ZJS |
2853 | |
2854 | * The fallback DNS server list was augmented with Cloudflare public DNS | |
2855 | servers. Use `-Ddns-servers=` to set a different fallback. | |
2856 | ||
2857 | * A new special target usb-gadget.target will be started automatically | |
2858 | when a USB Device Controller is detected (which means that the system | |
2859 | is a USB peripheral). | |
2860 | ||
5787c509 LP |
2861 | * A new unit setting CPUQuotaPeriodSec= assigns the time period |
2862 | relatively to which the CPU time quota specified by CPUQuota= is | |
2863 | measured. | |
9b89e602 | 2864 | |
5787c509 | 2865 | * A new unit setting ProtectHostname= may be used to prevent services |
9b89e602 ZJS |
2866 | from modifying hostname information (even if they otherwise would |
2867 | have privileges to do so). | |
2868 | ||
5787c509 | 2869 | * A new unit setting NetworkNamespacePath= may be used to specify a |
9b89e602 ZJS |
2870 | namespace for service or socket units through a path referring to a |
2871 | Linux network namespace pseudo-file. | |
2872 | ||
5787c509 LP |
2873 | * The PrivateNetwork= setting and JoinsNamespaceOf= dependencies now |
2874 | have an effect on .socket units: when used the listening socket is | |
2875 | created within the configured network namespace instead of the host | |
2876 | namespace. | |
2877 | ||
2878 | * ExecStart= command lines in unit files may now be prefixed with ':' | |
2879 | in which case environment variable substitution is | |
2880 | disabled. (Supported for the other ExecXYZ= settings, too.) | |
2881 | ||
2eb466fc LP |
2882 | * .timer units gained two new boolean settings OnClockChange= and |
2883 | OnTimezoneChange= which may be used to also trigger a unit when the | |
2884 | system clock is changed or the local timezone is | |
2885 | modified. systemd-run has been updated to make these options easily | |
2886 | accessible from the command line for transient timers. | |
2887 | ||
2888 | * Two new conditions for units have been added: ConditionMemory= may be | |
2889 | used to conditionalize a unit based on installed system | |
2890 | RAM. ConditionCPUs= may be used to conditionalize a unit based on | |
39e445c9 | 2891 | installed CPU cores. |
2eb466fc LP |
2892 | |
2893 | * The @default system call filter group understood by SystemCallFilter= | |
2894 | has been updated to include the new rseq() system call introduced in | |
2895 | kernel 4.15. | |
2896 | ||
ab80eca1 ZJS |
2897 | * A new time-set.target has been added that indicates that the system |
2898 | time has been set from a local source (possibly imprecise). The | |
2899 | existing time-sync.target is stronger and indicates that the time has | |
2900 | been synchronized with a precise external source. Services where | |
2901 | approximate time is sufficient should use the new target. | |
2902 | ||
2eb466fc LP |
2903 | * "systemctl start" (and related commands) learnt a new |
2904 | --show-transaction option. If specified brief information about all | |
2905 | jobs queued because of the requested operation is shown. | |
2906 | ||
5787c509 LP |
2907 | * systemd-networkd recognizes a new operation state 'enslaved', used |
2908 | (instead of 'degraded' or 'carrier') for interfaces which form a | |
2909 | bridge, bond, or similar, and an new 'degraded-carrier' operational | |
2910 | state used for the bond or bridge master interface when one of the | |
2911 | enslaved devices is not operational. | |
9b89e602 | 2912 | |
5787c509 LP |
2913 | * .network files learnt the new IgnoreCarrierLoss= option for leaving |
2914 | networks configured even if the carrier is lost. | |
2915 | ||
2916 | * The RequiredForOnline= setting in .network files may now specify a | |
9b89e602 | 2917 | minimum operational state required for the interface to be considered |
5787c509 LP |
2918 | "online" by systemd-networkd-wait-online. Related to this |
2919 | systemd-networkd-wait-online gained a new option --operational-state= | |
2920 | to configure the same, and its --interface= option was updated to | |
2921 | optionally also take an operational state specific for an interface. | |
9b89e602 | 2922 | |
2eb466fc LP |
2923 | * systemd-networkd-wait-online gained a new setting --any for waiting |
2924 | for only one of the requested interfaces instead of all of them. | |
2925 | ||
9b89e602 ZJS |
2926 | * systemd-networkd now implements L2TP tunnels. |
2927 | ||
5787c509 LP |
2928 | * Two new .network settings UseAutonomousPrefix= and UseOnLinkPrefix= |
2929 | may be used to cause autonomous and onlink prefixes received in IPv6 | |
9b89e602 ZJS |
2930 | Router Advertisements to be ignored. |
2931 | ||
5787c509 LP |
2932 | * New MulticastFlood=, NeighborSuppression=, and Learning= .network |
2933 | file settings may be used to tweak bridge behaviour. | |
2934 | ||
2935 | * The new TripleSampling= option in .network files may be used to | |
2936 | configure CAN triple sampling. | |
9b89e602 | 2937 | |
78bb2866 YW |
2938 | * A new .netdev settings PrivateKeyFile= and PresharedKeyFile= may be |
2939 | used to point to private or preshared key for a WireGuard interface. | |
9b89e602 | 2940 | |
5787c509 LP |
2941 | * /etc/crypttab now supports the same-cpu-crypt and |
2942 | submit-from-crypt-cpus options to tweak encryption work scheduling | |
2943 | details. | |
9b89e602 ZJS |
2944 | |
2945 | * systemd-tmpfiles will now take a BSD file lock before operating on a | |
2946 | contents of directory. This may be used to temporarily exclude | |
2947 | directories from aging by taking the same lock (useful for example | |
2948 | when extracting a tarball into /tmp or /var/tmp as a privileged user, | |
2949 | which might create files with really old timestamps, which | |
5787c509 LP |
2950 | nevertheless should not be deleted). For further details, see: |
2951 | ||
2952 | https://systemd.io/TEMPORARY_DIRECTORIES | |
9b89e602 | 2953 | |
70d8401d LP |
2954 | * systemd-tmpfiles' h line type gained support for the |
2955 | FS_PROJINHERIT_FL ('P') file attribute (introduced in kernel 4.5), | |
2956 | controlling project quota inheritance. | |
2957 | ||
9b89e602 ZJS |
2958 | * sd-boot and bootctl now implement support for an Extended Boot Loader |
2959 | (XBOOTLDR) partition, that is intended to be mounted to /boot, in | |
2960 | addition to the ESP partition mounted to /efi or /boot/efi. | |
2961 | Configuration file fragments, kernels, initrds and other EFI images | |
2962 | to boot will be loaded from both the ESP and XBOOTLDR partitions. | |
2963 | The XBOOTLDR partition was previously described by the Boot Loader | |
5787c509 LP |
2964 | Specification, but implementation was missing in sd-boot. Support for |
2965 | this concept allows using the sd-boot boot loader in more | |
2966 | conservative scenarios where the boot loader itself is placed in the | |
2967 | ESP but the kernels to boot (and their metadata) in a separate | |
2968 | partition. | |
9b89e602 | 2969 | |
5787c509 LP |
2970 | * A system may now be booted with systemd.volatile=overlay on the |
2971 | kernel command line, which causes the root file system to be set up | |
2972 | an overlayfs mount combining the root-only root directory with a | |
2973 | writable tmpfs. In this setup, the underlying root device is not | |
2974 | modified, and any changes are lost at reboot. | |
9b89e602 | 2975 | |
5787c509 LP |
2976 | * Similar, systemd-nspawn can now boot containers with a volatile |
2977 | overlayfs root with the new --volatile=overlay switch. | |
9b89e602 ZJS |
2978 | |
2979 | * systemd-nspawn can now consume OCI runtime bundles using a new | |
2980 | --oci-bundle= option. This implementation is fully usable, with most | |
2981 | features in the specification implemented, but since this a lot of | |
2982 | new code and functionality, this feature should most likely not | |
2983 | be used in production yet. | |
2984 | ||
5787c509 LP |
2985 | * systemd-nspawn now supports various options described by the OCI |
2986 | runtime specification on the command-line and in .nspawn files: | |
9b89e602 | 2987 | --inaccessible=/Inaccessible= may be used to mask parts of the file |
5787c509 | 2988 | system tree, --console=/--pipe may be used to configure how standard |
9b89e602 ZJS |
2989 | input, output, and error are set up. |
2990 | ||
2991 | * busctl learned the `emit` verb to generate D-Bus signals. | |
2992 | ||
2993 | * systemd-analyze cat-config may be used to gather and display | |
2994 | configuration spread over multiple files, for example system and user | |
2995 | presets, tmpfiles.d, sysusers.d, udev rules, etc. | |
2996 | ||
5787c509 LP |
2997 | * systemd-analyze calendar now takes an optional new parameter |
2998 | --iterations= which may be used to show a maximum number of iterations | |
2999 | the specified expression will elapse next. | |
3000 | ||
3001 | * The sd-bus C API gained support for naming method parameters in the | |
3002 | introspection data. | |
3003 | ||
3004 | * systemd-logind gained D-Bus APIs to specify the "reboot parameter" | |
3005 | the reboot() system call expects. | |
3006 | ||
3007 | * journalctl learnt a new --cursor-file= option that points to a file | |
9b89e602 ZJS |
3008 | from which a cursor should be loaded in the beginning and to which |
3009 | the updated cursor should be stored at the end. | |
3010 | ||
3011 | * ACRN hypervisor and Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) are now | |
3012 | detected by systemd-detect-virt (and may also be used in | |
3013 | ConditionVirtualization=). | |
3014 | ||
3015 | * The behaviour of systemd-logind may now be modified with environment | |
3016 | variables $SYSTEMD_REBOOT_TO_FIRMWARE_SETUP, | |
3017 | $SYSTEMD_REBOOT_TO_BOOT_LOADER_MENU, and | |
3018 | $SYSTEMD_REBOOT_TO_BOOT_LOADER_ENTRY. They cause logind to either | |
3019 | skip the relevant operation completely (when set to false), or to | |
3020 | create a flag file in /run/systemd (when set to true), instead of | |
3021 | actually commencing the real operation when requested. The presence | |
3022 | of /run/systemd/reboot-to-firmware-setup, | |
3023 | /run/systemd/reboot-to-boot-loader-menu, and | |
3024 | /run/systemd/reboot-to-boot-loader-entry, may be used by alternative | |
3025 | boot loader implementations to replace some steps logind performs | |
3026 | during reboot with their own operations. | |
3027 | ||
3028 | * systemctl can be used to request a reboot into the boot loader menu | |
5787c509 LP |
3029 | or a specific boot loader entry with the new --boot-load-menu= and |
3030 | --boot-loader-entry= options to a reboot command. (This requires a | |
3031 | boot loader that supports this, for example sd-boot.) | |
9b89e602 ZJS |
3032 | |
3033 | * kernel-install will no longer unconditionally create the output | |
3034 | directory (e.g. /efi/<machine-id>/<kernel-version>) for boot loader | |
3035 | snippets, but will do only if the machine-specific parent directory | |
3036 | (i.e. /efi/<machine-id>/) already exists. bootctl has been modified | |
3037 | to create this parent directory during sd-boot installation. | |
3038 | ||
3039 | This makes it easier to use kernel-install with plugins which support | |
3040 | a different layout of the bootloader partitions (for example grub2). | |
3041 | ||
a3134241 | 3042 | * During package installation (with `ninja install`), we would create |
1fa3ba90 PM |
3043 | symlinks for getty@tty1.service, systemd-networkd.service, |
3044 | systemd-networkd.socket, systemd-resolved.service, | |
3045 | remote-cryptsetup.target, remote-fs.target, | |
a3134241 ZJS |
3046 | systemd-networkd-wait-online.service, and systemd-timesyncd.service |
3047 | in /etc, as if `systemctl enable` was called for those units, to make | |
3048 | the system usable immediately after installation. Now this is not | |
3049 | done anymore, and instead calling `systemctl preset-all` is | |
3050 | recommended after the first installation of systemd. | |
3051 | ||
bf65b7e0 LP |
3052 | * A new boolean sandboxing option RestrictSUIDSGID= has been added that |
3053 | is built on seccomp. When turned on creation of SUID/SGID files is | |
3054 | prohibited. | |
3055 | ||
3056 | * The NoNewPrivileges= and the new RestrictSUIDSGID= options are now | |
3057 | implied if DynamicUser= is turned on for a service. This hardens | |
3058 | these services, so that they neither can benefit from nor create | |
3059 | SUID/SGID executables. This is a minor compatibility breakage, given | |
3060 | that when DynamicUser= was first introduced SUID/SGID behaviour was | |
3061 | unaffected. However, the security benefit of these two options is | |
3062 | substantial, and the setting is still relatively new, hence we opted | |
3063 | to make it mandatory for services with dynamic users. | |
3064 | ||
5b2fc74f LP |
3065 | Contributions from: Adam Jackson, Alexander Tsoy, Andrey Yashkin, |
3066 | Andrzej Pietrasiewicz, Anita Zhang, Balint Reczey, Beniamino Galvani, | |
3067 | Ben Iofel, Benjamin Berg, Benjamin Dahlhoff, Chris, Chris Morin, | |
3068 | Christopher Wong, Claudius Ellsel, Clemens Gruber, dana, Daniel Black, | |
3069 | Davide Cavalca, David Michael, David Rheinsberg, emersion, Evgeny | |
3070 | Vereshchagin, Filipe Brandenburger, Franck Bui, Frantisek Sumsal, | |
3071 | Giacinto Cifelli, Hans de Goede, Hugo Kindel, Ignat Korchagin, Insun | |
c3287a42 LP |
3072 | Pyo, Jan Engelhardt, Jonas Dorel, Jonathan Lebon, Jonathon Kowalski, |
3073 | Jörg Sommer, Jörg Thalheim, Jussi Pakkanen, Kai-Heng Feng, Lennart | |
3074 | Poettering, Lubomir Rintel, Luís Ferreira, Martin Pitt, Matthias | |
3075 | Klumpp, Michael Biebl, Michael Niewöhner, Michael Olbrich, Michal | |
ab80eca1 ZJS |
3076 | Sekletar, Mike Lothian, Paul Menzel, Piotr Drąg, Riccardo Schirone, |
3077 | Robin Elvedi, Roman Kulikov, Ronald Tschalär, Ross Burton, Ryan | |
1e5d2d65 ZJS |
3078 | Gonzalez, Sebastian Krzyszkowiak, Stephane Chazelas, StKob, Susant |
3079 | Sahani, Sylvain Plantefève, Szabolcs Fruhwald, Taro Yamada, Theo | |
3080 | Ouzhinski, Thomas Haller, Tobias Jungel, Tom Yan, Tony Asleson, Topi | |
3081 | Miettinen, unixsysadmin, Van Laser, Vesa Jääskeläinen, Yu, Li-Yu, | |
3082 | Yu Watanabe, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
c3287a42 | 3083 | |
1e5d2d65 | 3084 | — Warsaw, 2019-04-11 |
bf65b7e0 | 3085 | |
d0f71749 | 3086 | CHANGES WITH 241: |
b4ff3dbb ZJS |
3087 | |
3088 | * The default locale can now be configured at compile time. Otherwise, | |
3089 | a suitable default will be selected automatically (one of C.UTF-8, | |
3090 | en_US.UTF-8, and C). | |
3091 | ||
3092 | * The version string shown by systemd and other tools now includes the | |
3093 | git commit hash when built from git. An override may be specified | |
3094 | during compilation, which is intended to be used by distributions to | |
3095 | include the package release information. | |
3096 | ||
3097 | * systemd-cat can now filter standard input and standard error streams | |
3098 | for different syslog priorities using the new --stderr-priority= | |
3099 | option. | |
3100 | ||
3101 | * systemd-journald and systemd-journal-remote reject entries which | |
3102 | contain too many fields (CVE-2018-16865) and set limits on the | |
3103 | process' command line length (CVE-2018-16864). | |
3104 | ||
3105 | * $DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS environment variable is set by pam_systemd | |
3106 | again. | |
3107 | ||
08e1fe42 ZJS |
3108 | * A new network device NamePolicy "keep" is implemented for link files, |
3109 | and used by default in 99-default.link (the fallback configuration | |
3110 | provided by systemd). With this policy, if the network device name | |
3111 | was already set by userspace, the device will not be renamed again. | |
3112 | This matches the naming scheme that was implemented before | |
3113 | systemd-240. If naming-scheme < 240 is specified, the "keep" policy | |
3114 | is also enabled by default, even if not specified. Effectively, this | |
3115 | means that if naming-scheme >= 240 is specified, network devices will | |
3116 | be renamed according to the configuration, even if they have been | |
3117 | renamed already, if "keep" is not specified as the naming policy in | |
3118 | the .link file. The 99-default.link file provided by systemd includes | |
3119 | "keep" for backwards compatibility, but it is recommended for user | |
3120 | installed .link files to *not* include it. | |
3121 | ||
3122 | The "kernel" policy, which keeps kernel names declared to be | |
3123 | "persistent", now works again as documented. | |
3124 | ||
ba7a6b8c LP |
3125 | * kernel-install script now optionally takes the paths to one or more |
3126 | initrd files, and passes them to all plugins. | |
bd36ef0a | 3127 | |
57c03b1e LP |
3128 | * The mincore() system call has been dropped from the @system-service |
3129 | system call filter group, as it is pretty exotic and may potentially | |
3130 | used for side-channel attacks. | |
3131 | ||
774d6375 ZJS |
3132 | * -fPIE is dropped from compiler and linker options. Please specify |
3133 | -Db_pie=true option to meson to build position-independent | |
bd36ef0a YW |
3134 | executables. Note that the meson option is supported since meson-0.49. |
3135 | ||
27325875 LW |
3136 | * The fs.protected_regular and fs.protected_fifos sysctls, which were |
3137 | added in Linux 4.19 to make some data spoofing attacks harder, are | |
3138 | now enabled by default. While this will hopefully improve the | |
3139 | security of most installations, it is technically a backwards | |
3140 | incompatible change; to disable these sysctls again, place the | |
3141 | following lines in /etc/sysctl.d/60-protected.conf or a similar file: | |
3142 | ||
3143 | fs.protected_regular = 0 | |
3144 | fs.protected_fifos = 0 | |
3145 | ||
3146 | Note that the similar hardlink and symlink protection has been | |
3147 | enabled since v199, and may be disabled likewise. | |
3148 | ||
a77f438b LT |
3149 | * The files read from the EnvironmentFile= setting in unit files now |
3150 | parse backslashes inside quotes literally, matching the behaviour of | |
3151 | POSIX shells. | |
3152 | ||
ba7a6b8c LP |
3153 | * udevadm trigger, udevadm control, udevadm settle and udevadm monitor |
3154 | now automatically become NOPs when run in a chroot() environment. | |
3155 | ||
3156 | * The tmpfiles.d/ "C" line type will now copy directory trees not only | |
3157 | when the destination is so far missing, but also if it already exists | |
3158 | as a directory and is empty. This is useful to cater for systems | |
3159 | where directory trees are put together from multiple separate mount | |
3160 | points but otherwise empty. | |
3161 | ||
3162 | * A new function sd_bus_close_unref() (and the associated | |
3163 | sd_bus_close_unrefp()) has been added to libsystemd, that combines | |
3164 | sd_bus_close() and sd_bus_unref() in one. | |
3165 | ||
3166 | * udevadm control learnt a new option for --ping for testing whether a | |
3167 | systemd-udevd instance is running and reacting. | |
3168 | ||
ecebd1ec YW |
3169 | * udevadm trigger learnt a new option for --wait-daemon for waiting |
3170 | systemd-udevd daemon to be initialized. | |
3171 | ||
d0f71749 LP |
3172 | Contributions from: Aaron Plattner, Alberts Muktupāvels, Alex Mayer, |
3173 | Ayman Bagabas, Beniamino Galvani, Burt P, Chris Down, Chris Lamb, Chris | |
3174 | Morin, Christian Hesse, Claudius Ellsel, dana, Daniel Axtens, Daniele | |
3175 | Medri, Dave Reisner, David Santamaría Rogado, Diego Canuhe, Dimitri | |
3176 | John Ledkov, Evgeny Vereshchagin, Fabrice Fontaine, Filipe | |
3177 | Brandenburger, Franck Bui, Frantisek Sumsal, govwin, Hans de Goede, | |
3178 | James Hilliard, Jan Engelhardt, Jani Uusitalo, Jan Janssen, Jan | |
3179 | Synacek, Jonathan McDowell, Jonathan Roemer, Jonathon Kowalski, Joost | |
3180 | Heitbrink, Jörg Thalheim, Lance, Lennart Poettering, Louis Taylor, | |
3181 | Lucas Werkmeister, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc-Antoine Perennou, | |
3182 | marvelousblack, Michael Biebl, Michael Sloan, Michal Sekletar, Mike | |
3183 | Auty, Mike Gilbert, Mikhail Kasimov, Neil Brown, Niklas Hambüchen, | |
3184 | Patrick Williams, Paul Seyfert, Peter Hutterer, Philip Withnall, Roger | |
3185 | James, Ronnie P. Thomas, Ryan Gonzalez, Sam Morris, Stephan Edel, | |
3186 | Stephan Gerhold, Susant Sahani, Taro Yamada, Thomas Haller, Topi | |
3187 | Miettinen, YiFei Zhu, YmrDtnJu, YunQiang Su, Yu Watanabe, Zbigniew | |
3188 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek, zsergeant77, Дамјан Георгиевски | |
3189 | ||
36d28ebc | 3190 | — Berlin, 2019-02-14 |
ba7a6b8c | 3191 | |
32673162 | 3192 | CHANGES WITH 240: |
fcb97512 | 3193 | |
e68a35a7 ZJS |
3194 | * NoNewPrivileges=yes has been set for all long-running services |
3195 | implemented by systemd. Previously, this was problematic due to | |
3196 | SELinux (as this would also prohibit the transition from PID1's label | |
3197 | to the service's label). This restriction has since been lifted, but | |
3198 | an SELinux policy update is required. | |
3199 | (See e.g. https://github.com/fedora-selinux/selinux-policy/pull/234.) | |
3200 | ||
aa2437e2 YW |
3201 | * DynamicUser=yes is dropped from systemd-networkd.service, |
3202 | systemd-resolved.service and systemd-timesyncd.service, which was | |
3203 | enabled in v239 for systemd-networkd.service and systemd-resolved.service, | |
3204 | and since v236 for systemd-timesyncd.service. The users and groups | |
3205 | systemd-network, systemd-resolve and systemd-timesync are created | |
3206 | by systemd-sysusers again. Distributors or system administrators | |
3207 | may need to create these users and groups if they not exist (or need | |
3208 | to re-enable DynamicUser= for those units) while upgrading systemd. | |
787a133f YW |
3209 | Also, the clock file for systemd-timesyncd may need to move from |
3210 | /var/lib/private/systemd/timesync/clock to /var/lib/systemd/timesync/clock. | |
aa2437e2 | 3211 | |
b1a082cd ZJS |
3212 | * When unit files are loaded from disk, previously systemd would |
3213 | sometimes (depending on the unit loading order) load units from the | |
3214 | target path of symlinks in .wants/ or .requires/ directories of other | |
3215 | units. This meant that unit could be loaded from different paths | |
3216 | depending on whether the unit was requested explicitly or as a | |
3217 | dependency of another unit, not honouring the priority of directories | |
3218 | in search path. It also meant that it was possible to successfully | |
3219 | load and start units which are not found in the unit search path, as | |
3220 | long as they were requested as a dependency and linked to from | |
3221 | .wants/ or .requires/. The target paths of those symlinks are not | |
3222 | used for loading units anymore and the unit file must be found in | |
3223 | the search path. | |
3224 | ||
fcb97512 | 3225 | * A new service type has been added: Type=exec. It's very similar to |
421e3b45 | 3226 | Type=simple but ensures the service manager will wait for both fork() |
fcb97512 LP |
3227 | and execve() of the main service binary to complete before proceeding |
3228 | with follow-up units. This is primarily useful so that the manager | |
3229 | propagates any errors in the preparation phase of service execution | |
3230 | back to the job that requested the unit to be started. For example, | |
3231 | consider a service that has ExecStart= set to a file system binary | |
421e3b45 ZJS |
3232 | that doesn't exist. With Type=simple starting the unit would be |
3233 | considered instantly successful, as only fork() has to complete | |
3234 | successfully and the manager does not wait for execve(), and hence | |
3235 | its failure is seen "too late". With the new Type=exec service type | |
3236 | starting the unit will fail, as the manager will wait for the | |
3237 | execve() and notice its failure, which is then propagated back to the | |
3238 | start job. | |
fcb97512 LP |
3239 | |
3240 | NOTE: with the next release 241 of systemd we intend to change the | |
3241 | systemd-run tool to default to Type=exec for transient services | |
3242 | started by it. This should be mostly safe, but in specific corner | |
3243 | cases might result in problems, as the systemd-run tool will then | |
6b1ab752 | 3244 | block on NSS calls (such as user name look-ups due to User=) done |
fcb97512 LP |
3245 | between the fork() and execve(), which under specific circumstances |
3246 | might cause problems. It is recommended to specify "-p Type=simple" | |
3247 | explicitly in the few cases where this applies. For regular, | |
3248 | non-transient services (i.e. those defined with unit files on disk) | |
3249 | we will continue to default to Type=simple. | |
3250 | ||
0972c1ae LP |
3251 | * The Linux kernel's current default RLIMIT_NOFILE resource limit for |
3252 | userspace processes is set to 1024 (soft) and 4096 | |
3253 | (hard). Previously, systemd passed this on unmodified to all | |
3254 | processes it forked off. With this systemd release the hard limit | |
0abf9492 | 3255 | systemd passes on is increased to 512K, overriding the kernel's |
0972c1ae LP |
3256 | defaults and substantially increasing the number of simultaneous file |
3257 | descriptors unprivileged userspace processes can allocate. Note that | |
3258 | the soft limit remains at 1024 for compatibility reasons: the | |
3259 | traditional UNIX select() call cannot deal with file descriptors >= | |
3260 | 1024 and increasing the soft limit globally might thus result in | |
3261 | programs unexpectedly allocating a high file descriptor and thus | |
3262 | failing abnormally when attempting to use it with select() (of | |
3263 | course, programs shouldn't use select() anymore, and prefer | |
3264 | poll()/epoll, but the call unfortunately remains undeservedly popular | |
3265 | at this time). This change reflects the fact that file descriptor | |
3266 | handling in the Linux kernel has been optimized in more recent | |
3267 | kernels and allocating large numbers of them should be much cheaper | |
3268 | both in memory and in performance than it used to be. Programs that | |
3269 | want to take benefit of the increased limit have to "opt-in" into | |
421e3b45 ZJS |
3270 | high file descriptors explicitly by raising their soft limit. Of |
3271 | course, when they do that they must acknowledge that they cannot use | |
3272 | select() anymore (and neither can any shared library they use — or | |
3273 | any shared library used by any shared library they use and so on). | |
3274 | Which default hard limit is most appropriate is of course hard to | |
3275 | decide. However, given reports that ~300K file descriptors are used | |
3276 | in real-life applications we believe 512K is sufficiently high as new | |
3277 | default for now. Note that there are also reports that using very | |
3278 | high hard limits (e.g. 1G) is problematic: some software allocates | |
3279 | large arrays with one element for each potential file descriptor | |
3280 | (Java, …) — a high hard limit thus triggers excessively large memory | |
3281 | allocations in these applications. Hopefully, the new default of 512K | |
3282 | is a good middle ground: higher than what real-life applications | |
3283 | currently need, and low enough for avoid triggering excessively large | |
3284 | allocations in problematic software. (And yes, somebody should fix | |
3285 | Java.) | |
0972c1ae | 3286 | |
a8b627aa LP |
3287 | * The fs.nr_open and fs.file-max sysctls are now automatically bumped |
3288 | to the highest possible values, as separate accounting of file | |
3289 | descriptors is no longer necessary, as memcg tracks them correctly as | |
3290 | part of the memory accounting anyway. Thus, from the four limits on | |
3291 | file descriptors currently enforced (fs.file-max, fs.nr_open, | |
3292 | RLIMIT_NOFILE hard, RLIMIT_NOFILE soft) we turn off the first two, | |
3293 | and keep only the latter two. A set of build-time options | |
a579d42a | 3294 | (-Dbump-proc-sys-fs-file-max=false and -Dbump-proc-sys-fs-nr-open=false) |
a8b627aa LP |
3295 | has been added to revert this change in behaviour, which might be |
3296 | an option for systems that turn off memcg in the kernel. | |
3297 | ||
4f7dc24f LP |
3298 | * When no /etc/locale.conf file exists (and hence no locale settings |
3299 | are in place), systemd will now use the "C.UTF-8" locale by default, | |
3300 | and set LANG= to it. This locale is supported by various | |
3301 | distributions including Fedora, with clear indications that upstream | |
3302 | glibc is going to make it available too. This locale enables UTF-8 | |
3303 | mode by default, which appears appropriate for 2018. | |
3304 | ||
230450d4 LR |
3305 | * The "net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter" sysctl will now be set to 2 by |
3306 | default. This effectively switches the RFC3704 Reverse Path filtering | |
3307 | from Strict mode to Loose mode. This is more appropriate for hosts | |
3308 | that have multiple links with routes to the same networks (e.g. | |
3309 | a client with a Wi-Fi and Ethernet both connected to the internet). | |
3310 | ||
6b1ab752 | 3311 | Consult the kernel documentation for details on this sysctl: |
230450d4 LR |
3312 | https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt |
3313 | ||
23305a29 CD |
3314 | * CPUAccounting=yes no longer enables the CPU controller when using |
3315 | kernel 4.15+ and the unified cgroup hierarchy, as required accounting | |
3316 | statistics are now provided independently from the CPU controller. | |
3317 | ||
6b1ab752 | 3318 | * Support for disabling a particular cgroup controller within a sub-tree |
a8467688 CD |
3319 | has been added through the DisableControllers= directive. |
3320 | ||
8f044cf9 CD |
3321 | * cgroup_no_v1=all on the kernel command line now also implies |
3322 | using the unified cgroup hierarchy, unless one explicitly passes | |
3323 | systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy=0 on the kernel command line. | |
3324 | ||
6b1ab752 LP |
3325 | * The new "MemoryMin=" unit file property may now be used to set the |
3326 | memory usage protection limit of processes invoked by the unit. This | |
4e1dfa45 | 3327 | controls the cgroup v2 memory.min attribute. Similarly, the new |
6b1ab752 | 3328 | "IODeviceLatencyTargetSec=" property has been added, wrapping the new |
4e1dfa45 | 3329 | cgroup v2 io.latency cgroup property for configuring per-service I/O |
6b1ab752 LP |
3330 | latency. |
3331 | ||
4e1dfa45 CD |
3332 | * systemd now supports the cgroup v2 devices BPF logic, as counterpart |
3333 | to the cgroup v1 "devices" cgroup controller. | |
6b1ab752 LP |
3334 | |
3335 | * systemd-escape now is able to combine --unescape with --template. It | |
3336 | also learnt a new option --instance for extracting and unescaping the | |
3337 | instance part of a unit name. | |
3338 | ||
3339 | * sd-bus now provides the sd_bus_message_readv() which is similar to | |
3340 | sd_bus_message_read() but takes a va_list object. The pair | |
3341 | sd_bus_set_method_call_timeout() and sd_bus_get_method_call_timeout() | |
421e3b45 | 3342 | has been added for configuring the default method call timeout to |
6b1ab752 LP |
3343 | use. sd_bus_error_move() may be used to efficiently move the contents |
3344 | from one sd_bus_error structure to another, invalidating the | |
3345 | source. sd_bus_set_close_on_exit() and sd_bus_get_close_on_exit() may | |
3346 | be used to control whether a bus connection object is automatically | |
3347 | flushed when an sd-event loop is exited. | |
3348 | ||
3349 | * When processing classic BSD syslog log messages, journald will now | |
3350 | save the original time-stamp string supplied in the new | |
3351 | SYSLOG_TIMESTAMP= journal field. This permits consumers to | |
3352 | reconstruct the original BSD syslog message more correctly. | |
3353 | ||
3354 | * StandardOutput=/StandardError= in service files gained support for | |
3355 | new "append:…" parameters, for connecting STDOUT/STDERR of a service | |
3356 | to a file, and appending to it. | |
3357 | ||
3358 | * The signal to use as last step of killing of unit processes is now | |
3359 | configurable. Previously it was hard-coded to SIGKILL, which may now | |
3360 | be overridden with the new KillSignal= setting. Note that this is the | |
46b028f2 | 3361 | signal used when regular termination (i.e. SIGTERM) does not suffice. |
421e3b45 ZJS |
3362 | Similarly, the signal used when aborting a program in case of a |
3363 | watchdog timeout may now be configured too (WatchdogSignal=). | |
6b1ab752 LP |
3364 | |
3365 | * The XDG_SESSION_DESKTOP environment variable may now be configured in | |
3366 | the pam_systemd argument line, using the new desktop= switch. This is | |
3367 | useful to initialize it properly from a display manager without | |
3368 | having to touch C code. | |
3369 | ||
421e3b45 ZJS |
3370 | * Most configuration options that previously accepted percentage values |
3371 | now also accept permille values with the '‰' suffix (instead of '%'). | |
6b1ab752 | 3372 | |
6b1ab752 LP |
3373 | * systemd-resolved may now optionally use OpenSSL instead of GnuTLS for |
3374 | DNS-over-TLS. | |
3375 | ||
3376 | * systemd-resolved's configuration file resolved.conf gained a new | |
3377 | option ReadEtcHosts= which may be used to turn off processing and | |
3378 | honoring /etc/hosts entries. | |
3379 | ||
3380 | * The "--wait" switch may now be passed to "systemctl | |
3381 | is-system-running", in which case the tool will synchronously wait | |
3382 | until the system finished start-up. | |
3383 | ||
3384 | * hostnamed gained a new bus call to determine the DMI product UUID. | |
3385 | ||
3386 | * On x86-64 systemd will now prefer using the RDRAND processor | |
3387 | instruction over /dev/urandom whenever it requires randomness that | |
3388 | neither has to be crypto-grade nor should be reproducible. This | |
3389 | should substantially reduce the amount of entropy systemd requests | |
3390 | from the kernel during initialization on such systems, though not | |
3391 | reduce it to zero. (Why not zero? systemd still needs to allocate | |
3392 | UUIDs and such uniquely, which require high-quality randomness.) | |
3393 | ||
3394 | * networkd gained support for Foo-Over-UDP, ERSPAN and ISATAP | |
3395 | tunnels. It also gained a new option ForceDHCPv6PDOtherInformation= | |
3396 | for forcing the "Other Information" bit in IPv6 RA messages. The | |
d6131be9 | 3397 | bonding logic gained four new options AdActorSystemPriority=, |
6b1ab752 | 3398 | AdUserPortKey=, AdActorSystem= for configuring various 802.3ad |
d6131be9 YW |
3399 | aspects, and DynamicTransmitLoadBalancing= for enabling dynamic |
3400 | shuffling of flows. The tunnel logic gained a new | |
3401 | IPv6RapidDeploymentPrefix= option for configuring IPv6 Rapid | |
3402 | Deployment. The policy rule logic gained four new options IPProtocol=, | |
3403 | SourcePort= and DestinationPort=, InvertRule=. The bridge logic gained | |
3404 | support for the MulticastToUnicast= option. networkd also gained | |
3405 | support for configuring static IPv4 ARP or IPv6 neighbor entries. | |
6b1ab752 LP |
3406 | |
3407 | * .preset files (as read by 'systemctl preset') may now be used to | |
3408 | instantiate services. | |
3409 | ||
3410 | * /etc/crypttab now understands the sector-size= option to configure | |
3411 | the sector size for an encrypted partition. | |
3412 | ||
3413 | * Key material for encrypted disks may now be placed on a formatted | |
421e3b45 ZJS |
3414 | medium, and referenced from /etc/crypttab by the UUID of the file |
3415 | system, followed by "=" suffixed by the path to the key file. | |
6b1ab752 LP |
3416 | |
3417 | * The "collect" udev component has been removed without replacement, as | |
421e3b45 | 3418 | it is neither used nor maintained. |
6b1ab752 LP |
3419 | |
3420 | * When the RuntimeDirectory=, StateDirectory=, CacheDirectory=, | |
3421 | LogsDirectory=, ConfigurationDirectory= settings are used in a | |
3422 | service the executed processes will now receive a set of environment | |
421e3b45 ZJS |
3423 | variables containing the full paths of these directories. |
3424 | Specifically, RUNTIME_DIRECTORY=, STATE_DIRECTORY, CACHE_DIRECTORY, | |
3425 | LOGS_DIRECTORY, CONFIGURATION_DIRECTORY are now set if these options | |
3426 | are used. Note that these options may be used multiple times per | |
3427 | service in which case the resulting paths will be concatenated and | |
3428 | separated by colons. | |
6b1ab752 LP |
3429 | |
3430 | * Predictable interface naming has been extended to cover InfiniBand | |
3431 | NICs. They will be exposed with an "ib" prefix. | |
3432 | ||
3433 | * tmpfiles.d/ line types may now be suffixed with a '-' character, in | |
3434 | which case the respective line failing is ignored. | |
3435 | ||
3436 | * .link files may now be used to configure the equivalent to the | |
3437 | "ethtool advertise" commands. | |
3438 | ||
3439 | * The sd-device.h and sd-hwdb.h APIs are now exported, as an | |
3440 | alternative to libudev.h. Previously, the latter was just an internal | |
3441 | wrapper around the former, but now these two APIs are exposed | |
3442 | directly. | |
3443 | ||
3444 | * sd-id128.h gained a new function sd_id128_get_boot_app_specific() | |
3445 | which calculates an app-specific boot ID similar to how | |
3446 | sd_id128_get_machine_app_specific() generates an app-specific machine | |
3447 | ID. | |
3448 | ||
3449 | * A new tool systemd-id128 has been added that can be used to determine | |
3450 | and generate various 128bit IDs. | |
3451 | ||
3452 | * /etc/os-release gained two new standardized fields DOCUMENTATION_URL= | |
3453 | and LOGO=. | |
3454 | ||
3455 | * systemd-hibernate-resume-generator will now honor the "noresume" | |
3456 | kernel command line option, in which case it will bypass resuming | |
3457 | from any hibernated image. | |
3458 | ||
3459 | * The systemd-sleep.conf configuration file gained new options | |
3460 | AllowSuspend=, AllowHibernation=, AllowSuspendThenHibernate=, | |
3461 | AllowHybridSleep= for prohibiting specific sleep modes even if the | |
421e3b45 | 3462 | kernel exports them. |
6b1ab752 LP |
3463 | |
3464 | * portablectl is now officially supported and has thus moved to | |
3465 | /usr/bin/. | |
3466 | ||
3467 | * bootctl learnt the two new commands "set-default" and "set-oneshot" | |
3468 | for setting the default boot loader item to boot to (either | |
3469 | persistently or only for the next boot). This is currently only | |
3470 | compatible with sd-boot, but may be implemented on other boot loaders | |
3471 | too, that follow the boot loader interface. The updated interface is | |
3472 | now documented here: | |
3473 | ||
3474 | https://systemd.io/BOOT_LOADER_INTERFACE | |
3475 | ||
3476 | * A new kernel command line option systemd.early_core_pattern= is now | |
3477 | understood which may be used to influence the core_pattern PID 1 | |
3478 | installs during early boot. | |
3479 | ||
3480 | * busctl learnt two new options -j and --json= for outputting method | |
3481 | call replies, properties and monitoring output in JSON. | |
3482 | ||
3483 | * journalctl's JSON output now supports simple ANSI coloring as well as | |
3484 | a new "json-seq" mode for generating RFC7464 output. | |
3485 | ||
3486 | * Unit files now support the %g/%G specifiers that resolve to the UNIX | |
3487 | group/GID of the service manager runs as, similar to the existing | |
3488 | %u/%U specifiers that resolve to the UNIX user/UID. | |
3489 | ||
3490 | * systemd-logind learnt a new global configuration option | |
3491 | UserStopDelaySec= that may be set in logind.conf. It specifies how | |
3492 | long the systemd --user instance shall remain started after a user | |
3493 | logs out. This is useful to speed up repetitive re-connections of the | |
3494 | same user, as it means the user's service manager doesn't have to be | |
3495 | stopped/restarted on each iteration, but can be reused between | |
3496 | subsequent options. This setting defaults to 10s. systemd-logind also | |
3497 | exports two new properties on its Manager D-Bus objects indicating | |
421e3b45 ZJS |
3498 | whether the system's lid is currently closed, and whether the system |
3499 | is on AC power. | |
6b1ab752 LP |
3500 | |
3501 | * systemd gained support for a generic boot counting logic, which | |
3502 | generically permits automatic reverting to older boot loader entries | |
3503 | if newer updated ones don't work. The boot loader side is implemented | |
3504 | in sd-boot, but is kept open for other boot loaders too. For details | |
3505 | see: | |
3506 | ||
3507 | https://systemd.io/AUTOMATIC_BOOT_ASSESSMENT | |
3508 | ||
3509 | * The SuccessAction=/FailureAction= unit file settings now learnt two | |
3510 | new parameters: "exit" and "exit-force", which result in immediate | |
3511 | exiting of the service manager, and are only useful in systemd --user | |
3512 | and container environments. | |
3513 | ||
3514 | * Unit files gained support for a pair of options | |
3515 | FailureActionExitStatus=/SuccessActionExitStatus= for configuring the | |
3516 | exit status to use as service manager exit status when | |
3517 | SuccessAction=/FailureAction= is set to exit or exit-force. | |
3518 | ||
3519 | * A pair of LogRateLimitIntervalSec=/LogRateLimitBurst= per-service | |
3520 | options may now be used to configure the log rate limiting applied by | |
3521 | journald per-service. | |
3522 | ||
3523 | * systemd-analyze gained a new verb "timespan" for parsing and | |
3524 | normalizing time span values (i.e. strings like "5min 7s 8us"). | |
3525 | ||
3526 | * systemd-analyze also gained a new verb "security" for analyzing the | |
3527 | security and sand-boxing settings of services in order to determine an | |
3528 | "exposure level" for them, indicating whether a service would benefit | |
3529 | from more sand-boxing options turned on for them. | |
3530 | ||
3531 | * "systemd-analyze syscall-filter" will now also show system calls | |
3532 | supported by the local kernel but not included in any of the defined | |
3533 | groups. | |
3534 | ||
3535 | * .nspawn files now understand the Ephemeral= setting, matching the | |
3536 | --ephemeral command line switch. | |
3537 | ||
3538 | * sd-event gained the new APIs sd_event_source_get_floating() and | |
3539 | sd_event_source_set_floating() for controlling whether a specific | |
3540 | event source is "floating", i.e. destroyed along with the even loop | |
3541 | object itself. | |
3542 | ||
3543 | * Unit objects on D-Bus gained a new "Refs" property that lists all | |
421e3b45 ZJS |
3544 | clients that currently have a reference on the unit (to ensure it is |
3545 | not unloaded). | |
6b1ab752 LP |
3546 | |
3547 | * The JoinControllers= option in system.conf is no longer supported, as | |
3548 | it didn't work correctly, is hard to support properly, is legacy (as | |
4e1dfa45 | 3549 | the concept only exists on cgroup v1) and apparently wasn't used. |
6b1ab752 LP |
3550 | |
3551 | * Journal messages that are generated whenever a unit enters the failed | |
421e3b45 ZJS |
3552 | state are now tagged with a unique MESSAGE_ID. Similarly, messages |
3553 | generated whenever a service process exits are now made recognizable, | |
5238e957 | 3554 | too. A tagged message is also emitted whenever a unit enters the |
421e3b45 | 3555 | "dead" state on success. |
6b1ab752 LP |
3556 | |
3557 | * systemd-run gained a new switch --working-directory= for configuring | |
3558 | the working directory of the service to start. A shortcut -d is | |
3559 | equivalent, setting the working directory of the service to the | |
3560 | current working directory of the invoking program. The new --shell | |
3561 | (or just -S) option has been added for invoking the $SHELL of the | |
3562 | caller as a service, and implies --pty --same-dir --wait --collect | |
421e3b45 | 3563 | --service-type=exec. Or in other words, "systemd-run -S" is now the |
6b1ab752 LP |
3564 | quickest way to quickly get an interactive in a fully clean and |
3565 | well-defined system service context. | |
3566 | ||
3567 | * machinectl gained a new verb "import-fs" for importing an OS tree | |
3568 | from a directory. Moreover, when a directory or tarball is imported | |
3569 | and single top-level directory found with the OS itself below the OS | |
3570 | tree is automatically mangled and moved one level up. | |
3571 | ||
421e3b45 ZJS |
3572 | * systemd-importd will no longer set up an implicit btrfs loop-back |
3573 | file system on /var/lib/machines. If one is already set up, it will | |
3574 | continue to be used. | |
6b1ab752 LP |
3575 | |
3576 | * A new generator "systemd-run-generator" has been added. It will | |
3577 | synthesize a unit from one or more program command lines included in | |
3578 | the kernel command line. This is very useful in container managers | |
3579 | for example: | |
3580 | ||
3581 | # systemd-nspawn -i someimage.raw -b systemd.run='"some command line"' | |
3582 | ||
3583 | This will run "systemd-nspawn" on an image, invoke the specified | |
421e3b45 ZJS |
3584 | command line and immediately shut down the container again, returning |
3585 | the command line's exit code. | |
6b1ab752 | 3586 | |
421e3b45 | 3587 | * The block device locking logic is now documented: |
6b1ab752 LP |
3588 | |
3589 | https://systemd.io/BLOCK_DEVICE_LOCKING | |
3590 | ||
3591 | * loginctl and machinectl now optionally output the various tables in | |
3592 | JSON using the --output= switch. It is our intention to add similar | |
3593 | support to systemctl and all other commands. | |
3594 | ||
3595 | * udevadm's query and trigger verb now optionally take a .device unit | |
3596 | name as argument. | |
3597 | ||
3598 | * systemd-udevd's network naming logic now understands a new | |
421e3b45 | 3599 | net.naming-scheme= kernel command line switch, which may be used to |
6b1ab752 LP |
3600 | pick a specific version of the naming scheme. This helps stabilizing |
3601 | interface names even as systemd/udev are updated and the naming logic | |
3602 | is improved. | |
3603 | ||
67081438 LP |
3604 | * sd-id128.h learnt two new auxiliary helpers: sd_id128_is_allf() and |
3605 | SD_ID128_ALLF to test if a 128bit ID is set to all 0xFF bytes, and to | |
3606 | initialize one to all 0xFF. | |
3607 | ||
144d7f1d LP |
3608 | * After loading the SELinux policy systemd will now recursively relabel |
3609 | all files and directories listed in | |
3610 | /run/systemd/relabel-extra.d/*.relabel (which should be simple | |
3611 | newline separated lists of paths) in addition to the ones it already | |
3612 | implicitly relabels in /run, /dev and /sys. After the relabelling is | |
3613 | completed the *.relabel files (and /run/systemd/relabel-extra.d/) are | |
3614 | removed. This is useful to permit initrds (i.e. code running before | |
3615 | the SELinux policy is in effect) to generate files in the host | |
3616 | filesystem safely and ensure that the correct label is applied during | |
3617 | the transition to the host OS. | |
3618 | ||
98a7b55a LP |
3619 | * KERNEL API BREAKAGE: Linux kernel 4.18 changed behaviour regarding |
3620 | mknod() handling in user namespaces. Previously mknod() would always | |
3621 | fail with EPERM in user namespaces. Since 4.18 mknod() will succeed | |
3622 | but device nodes generated that way cannot be opened, and attempts to | |
3623 | open them result in EPERM. This breaks the "graceful fallback" logic | |
3624 | in systemd's PrivateDevices= sand-boxing option. This option is | |
3625 | implemented defensively, so that when systemd detects it runs in a | |
3626 | restricted environment (such as a user namespace, or an environment | |
3627 | where mknod() is blocked through seccomp or absence of CAP_SYS_MKNOD) | |
3628 | where device nodes cannot be created the effect of PrivateDevices= is | |
3629 | bypassed (following the logic that 2nd-level sand-boxing is not | |
3630 | essential if the system systemd runs in is itself already sand-boxed | |
3631 | as a whole). This logic breaks with 4.18 in container managers where | |
3632 | user namespacing is used: suddenly PrivateDevices= succeeds setting | |
3633 | up a private /dev/ file system containing devices nodes — but when | |
3634 | these are opened they don't work. | |
3635 | ||
d238709c | 3636 | At this point it is recommended that container managers utilizing |
98a7b55a LP |
3637 | user namespaces that intend to run systemd in the payload explicitly |
3638 | block mknod() with seccomp or similar, so that the graceful fallback | |
3639 | logic works again. | |
3640 | ||
3641 | We are very sorry for the breakage and the requirement to change | |
3642 | container configurations for newer kernels. It's purely caused by an | |
3643 | incompatible kernel change. The relevant kernel developers have been | |
3644 | notified about this userspace breakage quickly, but they chose to | |
3645 | ignore it. | |
3646 | ||
455027c9 ZJS |
3647 | * PermissionsStartOnly= setting is deprecated (but is still supported |
3648 | for backwards compatibility). The same functionality is provided by | |
3649 | the more flexible "+", "!", and "!!" prefixes to ExecStart= and other | |
3650 | commands. | |
3651 | ||
b4ff3dbb ZJS |
3652 | * $DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS environment variable is not set by |
3653 | pam_systemd anymore. | |
3654 | ||
08e1fe42 ZJS |
3655 | * The naming scheme for network devices was changed to always rename |
3656 | devices, even if they were already renamed by userspace. The "kernel" | |
3657 | policy was changed to only apply as a fallback, if no other naming | |
3658 | policy took effect. | |
3659 | ||
bd36ef0a YW |
3660 | * The requirements to build systemd is bumped to meson-0.46 and |
3661 | python-3.5. | |
3662 | ||
6b1ab752 LP |
3663 | Contributions from: afg, Alan Jenkins, Aleksei Timofeyev, Alexander |
3664 | Filippov, Alexander Kurtz, Alexey Bogdanenko, Andreas Henriksson, | |
3665 | Andrew Jorgensen, Anita Zhang, apnix-uk, Arkan49, Arseny Maslennikov, | |
3666 | asavah, Asbjørn Apeland, aszlig, Bastien Nocera, Ben Boeckel, Benedikt | |
c37e2358 LP |
3667 | Morbach, Benjamin Berg, Bruce Zhang, Carlo Caione, Cedric Viou, Chen |
3668 | Qi, Chris Chiu, Chris Down, Chris Morin, Christian Rebischke, Claudius | |
3669 | Ellsel, Colin Guthrie, dana, Daniel, Daniele Medri, Daniel Kahn | |
3670 | Gillmor, Daniel Rusek, Daniel van Vugt, Dariusz Gadomski, Dave Reisner, | |
3671 | David Anderson, Davide Cavalca, David Leeds, David Malcolm, David | |
1742aae2 ZJS |
3672 | Strauss, David Tardon, Dimitri John Ledkov, Dmitry Torokhov, dj-kaktus, |
3673 | Dongsu Park, Elias Probst, Emil Soleyman, Erik Kooistra, Ervin Peters, | |
3674 | Evgeni Golov, Evgeny Vereshchagin, Fabrice Fontaine, Faheel Ahmad, | |
3675 | Faizal Luthfi, Felix Yan, Filipe Brandenburger, Franck Bui, Frank | |
3676 | Schaefer, Frantisek Sumsal, Gautier Husson, Gianluca Boiano, Giuseppe | |
3677 | Scrivano, glitsj16, Hans de Goede, Harald Hoyer, Harry Mallon, Harshit | |
3678 | Jain, Helmut Grohne, Henry Tung, Hui Yiqun, imayoda, Insun Pyo, Iwan | |
3679 | Timmer, Jan Janssen, Jan Pokorný, Jan Synacek, Jason A. Donenfeld, | |
3680 | javitoom, Jérémy Nouhaud, Jeremy Su, Jiuyang Liu, João Paulo Rechi | |
3681 | Vita, Joe Hershberger, Joe Rayhawk, Joerg Behrmann, Joerg Steffens, | |
3682 | Jonas Dorel, Jon Ringle, Josh Soref, Julian Andres Klode, Jun Bo Bi, | |
3683 | Jürg Billeter, Keith Busch, Khem Raj, Kirill Marinushkin, Larry | |
3684 | Bernstone, Lennart Poettering, Lion Yang, Li Song, Lorenz | |
3685 | Hübschle-Schneider, Lubomir Rintel, Lucas Werkmeister, Ludwin Janvier, | |
3686 | Lukáš Nykrýn, Luke Shumaker, mal, Marc-Antoine Perennou, Marcin | |
3687 | Skarbek, Marco Trevisan (Treviño), Marian Cepok, Mario Hros, Marko | |
3688 | Myllynen, Markus Grimm, Martin Pitt, Martin Sobotka, Martin Wilck, | |
3689 | Mathieu Trudel-Lapierre, Matthew Leeds, Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, | |
3690 | Michael 'pbone' Pobega, Michael Scherer, Michal Koutný, Michal | |
3691 | Sekletar, Michal Soltys, Mike Gilbert, Mike Palmer, Muhammet Kara, Neal | |
3692 | Gompa, Neil Brown, Network Silence, Niklas Tibbling, Nikolas Nyby, | |
3693 | Nogisaka Sadata, Oliver Smith, Patrik Flykt, Pavel Hrdina, Paweł | |
3694 | Szewczyk, Peter Hutterer, Piotr Drąg, Ray Strode, Reinhold Mueller, | |
3695 | Renaud Métrich, Roman Gushchin, Ronny Chevalier, Rubén Suárez Alvarez, | |
3696 | Ruixin Bao, RussianNeuroMancer, Ryutaroh Matsumoto, Saleem Rashid, Sam | |
3697 | Morris, Samuel Morris, Sandy Carter, scootergrisen, Sébastien Bacher, | |
3698 | Sergey Ptashnick, Shawn Landden, Shengyao Xue, Shih-Yuan Lee | |
3699 | (FourDollars), Silvio Knizek, Sjoerd Simons, Stasiek Michalski, Stephen | |
3700 | Gallagher, Steven Allen, Steve Ramage, Susant Sahani, Sven Joachim, | |
3701 | Sylvain Plantefève, Tanu Kaskinen, Tejun Heo, Thiago Macieira, Thomas | |
3702 | Blume, Thomas Haller, Thomas H. P. Andersen, Tim Ruffing, TJ, Tobias | |
3703 | Jungel, Todd Walton, Tommi Rantala, Tomsod M, Tony Novak, Tore | |
3704 | Anderson, Trevonn, Victor Laskurain, Victor Tapia, Violet Halo, Vojtech | |
3705 | Trefny, welaq, William A. Kennington III, William Douglas, Wyatt Ward, | |
3706 | Xiang Fan, Xi Ruoyao, Xuanwo, Yann E. Morin, YmrDtnJu, Yu Watanabe, | |
3707 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Zhang Xianwei, Zsolt Dollenstein | |
3708 | ||
3709 | — Warsaw, 2018-12-21 | |
6b1ab752 | 3710 | |
e8498f82 | 3711 | CHANGES WITH 239: |
019cb3ab SH |
3712 | |
3713 | * NETWORK INTERFACE DEVICE NAMING CHANGES: systemd-udevd's "net_id" | |
d69f5282 ZJS |
3714 | builtin will name network interfaces differently than in previous |
3715 | versions for virtual network interfaces created with SR-IOV and NPAR | |
3716 | and for devices where the PCI network controller device does not have | |
3717 | a slot number associated. | |
3718 | ||
3719 | SR-IOV virtual devices are now named based on the name of the parent | |
3720 | interface, with a suffix of "v<N>", where <N> is the virtual device | |
3721 | number. Previously those virtual devices were named as if completely | |
3722 | independent. | |
3723 | ||
3724 | The ninth and later NPAR virtual devices will be named following the | |
3725 | scheme used for the first eight NPAR partitions. Previously those | |
3726 | devices were not renamed and the kernel default (eth<n>) was used. | |
3727 | ||
3728 | "net_id" will also generate names for PCI devices where the PCI | |
3729 | network controller device does not have an associated slot number | |
3730 | itself, but one of its parents does. Previously those devices were | |
3731 | not renamed and the kernel default (eth<n>) was used. | |
019cb3ab | 3732 | |
6e2d744b YW |
3733 | * AF_INET and AF_INET6 are dropped from RestrictAddressFamilies= in |
3734 | systemd-logind.service. Since v235, IPAddressDeny=any has been set to | |
fe903cf4 LP |
3735 | the unit. So, it is expected that the default behavior of |
3736 | systemd-logind is not changed. However, if distribution packagers or | |
3737 | administrators disabled or modified IPAddressDeny= setting by a | |
3738 | drop-in config file, then it may be necessary to update the file to | |
3739 | re-enable AF_INET and AF_INET6 to support network user name services, | |
3740 | e.g. NIS. | |
3741 | ||
3742 | * When the RestrictNamespaces= unit property is specified multiple | |
3743 | times, then the specified types are merged now. Previously, only the | |
3744 | last assignment was used. So, if distribution packagers or | |
3745 | administrators modified the setting by a drop-in config file, then it | |
3746 | may be necessary to update the file. | |
e0eee477 | 3747 | |
1fc83d09 LP |
3748 | * When OnFailure= is used in combination with Restart= on a service |
3749 | unit, then the specified units will no longer be triggered on | |
3750 | failures that result in restarting. Previously, the specified units | |
3751 | would be activated each time the unit failed, even when the unit was | |
3752 | going to be restarted automatically. This behaviour contradicted the | |
3753 | documentation. With this release the code is adjusted to match the | |
3754 | documentation. | |
3755 | ||
41a4c3ec LP |
3756 | * systemd-tmpfiles will now print a notice whenever it encounters |
3757 | tmpfiles.d/ lines referencing the /var/run/ directory. It will | |
3758 | recommend reworking them to use the /run/ directory instead (for | |
5cadf58e ZJS |
3759 | which /var/run/ is simply a symlinked compatibility alias). This way |
3760 | systemd-tmpfiles can properly detect line conflicts and merge lines | |
3761 | referencing the same file by two paths, without having to access | |
3762 | them. | |
41a4c3ec | 3763 | |
ce55bd5e ZJS |
3764 | * systemctl disable/unmask/preset/preset-all cannot be used with |
3765 | --runtime. Previously this was allowed, but resulted in unintuitive | |
fe903cf4 LP |
3766 | behaviour that wasn't useful. systemctl disable/unmask will now undo |
3767 | both runtime and persistent enablement/masking, i.e. it will remove | |
3768 | any relevant symlinks both in /run and /etc. | |
ce55bd5e | 3769 | |
e01d9e21 | 3770 | * Note that all long-running system services shipped with systemd will |
6b000af4 | 3771 | now default to a system call allow list (rather than a deny list, as |
e01d9e21 LP |
3772 | before). In particular, systemd-udevd will now enforce one too. For |
3773 | most cases this should be safe, however downstream distributions | |
3774 | which disabled sandboxing of systemd-udevd (specifically the | |
3775 | MountFlags= setting), might want to disable this security feature | |
6b000af4 | 3776 | too, as the default allow-listing will prohibit all mount, swap, |
e01d9e21 LP |
3777 | reboot and clock changing operations from udev rules. |
3778 | ||
5cadf58e ZJS |
3779 | * sd-boot acquired new loader configuration settings to optionally turn |
3780 | off Windows and MacOS boot partition discovery as well as | |
3781 | reboot-into-firmware menu items. It is also able to pick a better | |
3782 | screen resolution for HiDPI systems, and now provides loader | |
41a4c3ec LP |
3783 | configuration settings to change the resolution explicitly. |
3784 | ||
c9299be2 IT |
3785 | * systemd-resolved now supports DNS-over-TLS. It's still |
3786 | turned off by default, use DNSOverTLS=opportunistic to turn it on in | |
c086ce8c LP |
3787 | resolved.conf. We intend to make this the default as soon as couple |
3788 | of additional techniques for optimizing the initial latency caused by | |
3789 | establishing a TLS/TCP connection are implemented. | |
3790 | ||
73c718a9 YW |
3791 | * systemd-resolved.service and systemd-networkd.service now set |
3792 | DynamicUser=yes. The users systemd-resolve and systemd-network are | |
abc291aa LP |
3793 | not created by systemd-sysusers anymore. |
3794 | ||
3795 | NOTE: This has a chance of breaking nss-ldap and similar NSS modules | |
5238e957 | 3796 | that embed a network facing module into any process using getpwuid() |
abc291aa LP |
3797 | or related call: the dynamic allocation of the user ID for |
3798 | systemd-resolved.service means the service manager has to check NSS | |
3799 | if the user name is already taken when forking off the service. Since | |
3800 | the user in the common case won't be defined in /etc/passwd the | |
3801 | lookup is likely to trigger nss-ldap which in turn might use NSS to | |
3802 | ask systemd-resolved for hostname lookups. This will hence result in | |
3803 | a deadlock: a user name lookup in order to start | |
38b38500 | 3804 | systemd-resolved.service will result in a hostname lookup for which |
abc291aa LP |
3805 | systemd-resolved.service needs to be started already. There are |
3806 | multiple ways to work around this problem: pre-allocate the | |
3807 | "systemd-resolve" user on such systems, so that nss-ldap won't be | |
3808 | triggered; or use a different NSS package that doesn't do networking | |
3809 | in-process but provides a local asynchronous name cache; or configure | |
3810 | the NSS package to avoid lookups for UIDs in the range `pkg-config | |
3811 | systemd --variable=dynamicuidmin` … `pkg-config systemd | |
3812 | --variable=dynamicuidmax`, so that it does not consider itself | |
3813 | authoritative for the same UID range systemd allocates dynamic users | |
3814 | from. | |
73c718a9 | 3815 | |
41a4c3ec LP |
3816 | * The systemd-resolve tool has been renamed to resolvectl (it also |
3817 | remains available under the old name, for compatibility), and its | |
3818 | interface is now verb-based, similar in style to the other <xyz>ctl | |
5cadf58e ZJS |
3819 | tools, such as systemctl or loginctl. |
3820 | ||
75da262a LP |
3821 | * The resolvectl/systemd-resolve tool also provides 'resolvconf' |
3822 | compatibility. It may be symlinked under the 'resolvconf' name, in | |
5cadf58e ZJS |
3823 | which case it will take arguments and input compatible with the |
3824 | Debian and FreeBSD resolvconf tool. | |
41a4c3ec LP |
3825 | |
3826 | * Support for suspend-then-hibernate has been added, i.e. a sleep mode | |
3f9a0a52 | 3827 | where the system initially suspends, and after a timeout resumes and |
41a4c3ec LP |
3828 | hibernates again. |
3829 | ||
3830 | * networkd's ClientIdentifier= now accepts a new option "duid-only". If | |
3831 | set the client will only send a DUID as client identifier. | |
3832 | ||
3833 | * The nss-systemd glibc NSS module will now enumerate dynamic users and | |
3834 | groups in effect. Previously, it could resolve UIDs/GIDs to user | |
3835 | names/groups and vice versa, but did not support enumeration. | |
3836 | ||
3837 | * journald's Compress= configuration setting now optionally accepts a | |
3838 | byte threshold value. All journal objects larger than this threshold | |
3839 | will be compressed, smaller ones will not. Previously this threshold | |
3840 | was not configurable and set to 512. | |
3841 | ||
5cadf58e ZJS |
3842 | * A new system.conf setting NoNewPrivileges= is now available which may |
3843 | be used to turn off acquisition of new privileges system-wide | |
3844 | (i.e. set Linux' PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS for PID 1 itself, and thus also | |
3845 | for all its children). Note that turning this option on means setuid | |
3846 | binaries and file system capabilities lose their special powers. | |
3847 | While turning on this option is a big step towards a more secure | |
3848 | system, doing so is likely to break numerous pre-existing UNIX tools, | |
3849 | in particular su and sudo. | |
41a4c3ec LP |
3850 | |
3851 | * A new service systemd-time-sync-wait.service has been added. If | |
3852 | enabled it will delay the time-sync.target unit at boot until time | |
bc99dac5 | 3853 | synchronization has been received from the network. This |
41a4c3ec LP |
3854 | functionality is useful on systems lacking a local RTC or where it is |
3855 | acceptable that the boot process shall be delayed by external network | |
3856 | services. | |
3857 | ||
3858 | * When hibernating, systemd will now inform the kernel of the image | |
3859 | write offset, on kernels new enough to support this. This means swap | |
3860 | files should work for hibernation now. | |
3861 | ||
5cadf58e ZJS |
3862 | * When loading unit files, systemd will now look for drop-in unit files |
3863 | extensions in additional places. Previously, for a unit file name | |
41a4c3ec LP |
3864 | "foo-bar-baz.service" it would look for dropin files in |
3865 | "foo-bar-baz.service.d/*.conf". Now, it will also look in | |
3866 | "foo-bar-.service.d/*.conf" and "foo-.service.d/", i.e. at the | |
3867 | service name truncated after all inner dashes. This scheme allows | |
3868 | writing drop-ins easily that apply to a whole set of unit files at | |
3869 | once. It's particularly useful for mount and slice units (as their | |
5cadf58e ZJS |
3870 | naming is prefix based), but is also useful for service and other |
3871 | units, for packages that install multiple unit files at once, | |
41a4c3ec | 3872 | following a strict naming regime of beginning the unit file name with |
5cadf58e ZJS |
3873 | the package's name. Two new specifiers are now supported in unit |
3874 | files to match this: %j and %J are replaced by the part of the unit | |
3875 | name following the last dash. | |
3876 | ||
3877 | * Unit files and other configuration files that support specifier | |
88099359 | 3878 | expansion now understand another three new specifiers: %T and %V will |
5cadf58e | 3879 | resolve to /tmp and /var/tmp respectively, or whatever temporary |
88099359 ZJS |
3880 | directory has been set for the calling user. %E will expand to either |
3881 | /etc (for system units) or $XDG_CONFIG_HOME (for user units). | |
41a4c3ec LP |
3882 | |
3883 | * The ExecStart= lines of unit files are no longer required to | |
3884 | reference absolute paths. If non-absolute paths are specified the | |
3885 | specified binary name is searched within the service manager's | |
5cadf58e ZJS |
3886 | built-in $PATH, which may be queried with 'systemd-path |
3887 | search-binaries-default'. It's generally recommended to continue to | |
3888 | use absolute paths for all binaries specified in unit files. | |
41a4c3ec | 3889 | |
c7f93e28 ZJS |
3890 | * Units gained a new load state "bad-setting", which is used when a |
3891 | unit file was loaded, but contained fatal errors which prevent it | |
ba1dc1a1 LP |
3892 | from being started (for example, a service unit has been defined |
3893 | lacking both ExecStart= and ExecStop= lines). | |
c7f93e28 | 3894 | |
41a4c3ec LP |
3895 | * coredumpctl's "gdb" verb has been renamed to "debug", in order to |
3896 | support alternative debuggers, for example lldb. The old name | |
3897 | continues to be available however, for compatibility reasons. Use the | |
5cadf58e ZJS |
3898 | new --debugger= switch or the $SYSTEMD_DEBUGGER environment variable |
3899 | to pick an alternative debugger instead of the default gdb. | |
41a4c3ec LP |
3900 | |
3901 | * systemctl and the other tools will now output escape sequences that | |
3902 | generate proper clickable hyperlinks in various terminal emulators | |
3903 | where useful (for example, in the "systemctl status" output you can | |
3904 | now click on the unit file name to quickly open it in the | |
3905 | editor/viewer of your choice). Note that not all terminal emulators | |
3906 | support this functionality yet, but many do. Unfortunately, the | |
3907 | "less" pager doesn't support this yet, hence this functionality is | |
3908 | currently automatically turned off when a pager is started (which | |
3909 | happens quite often due to auto-paging). We hope to remove this | |
5cadf58e ZJS |
3910 | limitation as soon as "less" learns these escape sequences. This new |
3911 | behaviour may also be turned off explicitly with the $SYSTEMD_URLIFY | |
3912 | environment variable. For details on these escape sequences see: | |
41a4c3ec LP |
3913 | https://gist.github.com/egmontkob/eb114294efbcd5adb1944c9f3cb5feda |
3914 | ||
3915 | * networkd's .network files now support a new IPv6MTUBytes= option for | |
3916 | setting the MTU used by IPv6 explicitly as well as a new MTUBytes= | |
3917 | option in the [Route] section to configure the MTU to use for | |
3918 | specific routes. It also gained support for configuration of the DHCP | |
3919 | "UserClass" option through the new UserClass= setting. It gained | |
3920 | three new options in the new [CAN] section for configuring CAN | |
3921 | networks. The MULTICAST and ALLMULTI interface flags may now be | |
3922 | controlled explicitly with the new Multicast= and AllMulticast= | |
3923 | settings. | |
3924 | ||
3925 | * networkd will now automatically make use of the kernel's route | |
3926 | expiration feature, if it is available. | |
3927 | ||
5cadf58e ZJS |
3928 | * udevd's .link files now support setting the number of receive and |
3929 | transmit channels, using the RxChannels=, TxChannels=, | |
3930 | OtherChannels=, CombinedChannels= settings. | |
3931 | ||
3932 | * Support for UDPSegmentationOffload= has been removed, given its | |
3933 | limited support in hardware, and waning software support. | |
41a4c3ec LP |
3934 | |
3935 | * networkd's .netdev files now support creating "netdevsim" interfaces. | |
3936 | ||
3937 | * PID 1 learnt a new bus call GetUnitByControlGroup() which may be used | |
3938 | to query the unit belonging to a specific kernel control group. | |
3939 | ||
5cadf58e | 3940 | * systemd-analyze gained a new verb "cat-config", which may be used to |
41a4c3ec LP |
3941 | dump the contents of any configuration file, with all its matching |
3942 | drop-in files added in, and honouring the usual search and masking | |
3943 | logic applied to systemd configuration files. For example use | |
3944 | "systemd-analyze cat-config systemd/system.conf" to get the complete | |
3945 | system configuration file of systemd how it would be loaded by PID 1 | |
5cadf58e ZJS |
3946 | itself. Similar to this, various tools such as systemd-tmpfiles or |
3947 | systemd-sysusers, gained a new option "--cat-config", which does the | |
41a4c3ec LP |
3948 | corresponding operation for their own configuration settings. For |
3949 | example, "systemd-tmpfiles --cat-config" will now output the full | |
3950 | list of tmpfiles.d/ lines in place. | |
3951 | ||
704ae536 YW |
3952 | * timedatectl gained three new verbs: "show" shows bus properties of |
3953 | systemd-timedated, "timesync-status" shows the current NTP | |
3954 | synchronization state of systemd-timesyncd, and "show-timesync" | |
3955 | shows bus properties of systemd-timesyncd. | |
41a4c3ec LP |
3956 | |
3957 | * systemd-timesyncd gained a bus interface on which it exposes details | |
3958 | about its state. | |
3959 | ||
73c718a9 YW |
3960 | * A new environment variable $SYSTEMD_TIMEDATED_NTP_SERVICES is now |
3961 | understood by systemd-timedated. It takes a colon-separated list of | |
3962 | unit names of NTP client services. The list is used by | |
3963 | "timedatectl set-ntp". | |
3964 | ||
41a4c3ec LP |
3965 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --rlimit= switch for setting initial |
3966 | resource limits for the container payload. There's a new switch | |
5cadf58e | 3967 | --hostname= to explicitly override the container's hostname. A new |
41a4c3ec LP |
3968 | --no-new-privileges= switch may be used to control the |
3969 | PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS flag for the container payload. A new | |
3970 | --oom-score-adjust= switch controls the OOM scoring adjustment value | |
3971 | for the payload. The new --cpu-affinity= switch controls the CPU | |
3972 | affinity of the container payload. The new --resolv-conf= switch | |
3973 | allows more detailed control of /etc/resolv.conf handling of the | |
5cadf58e | 3974 | container. Similarly, the new --timezone= switch allows more detailed |
41a4c3ec LP |
3975 | control of /etc/localtime handling of the container. |
3976 | ||
5cadf58e | 3977 | * systemd-detect-virt gained a new --list switch, which will print a |
41a4c3ec LP |
3978 | list of all currently known VM and container environments. |
3979 | ||
5cadf58e | 3980 | * Support for "Portable Services" has been added, see |
41a4c3ec | 3981 | doc/PORTABLE_SERVICES.md for details. Currently, the support is still |
5cadf58e ZJS |
3982 | experimental, but this is expected to change soon. Reflecting this |
3983 | experimental state, the "portablectl" binary is not installed into | |
41a4c3ec LP |
3984 | /usr/bin yet. The binary has to be called with the full path |
3985 | /usr/lib/systemd/portablectl instead. | |
3986 | ||
3987 | * journalctl's and systemctl's -o switch now knows a new log output | |
3988 | mode "with-unit". The output it generates is very similar to the | |
3989 | regular "short" mode, but displays the unit name instead of the | |
3990 | syslog tag for each log line. Also, the date is shown with timezone | |
3991 | information. This mode is probably more useful than the classic | |
3992 | "short" output mode for most purposes, except where pixel-perfect | |
3993 | compatibility with classic /var/log/messages formatting is required. | |
3994 | ||
3995 | * A new --dump-bus-properties switch has been added to the systemd | |
3996 | binary, which may be used to dump all supported D-Bus properties. | |
c7f93e28 ZJS |
3997 | (Options which are still supported, but are deprecated, are *not* |
3998 | shown.) | |
41a4c3ec | 3999 | |
41a4c3ec LP |
4000 | * sd-bus gained a set of new calls: |
4001 | sd_bus_slot_set_floating()/sd_bus_slot_get_floating() may be used to | |
4002 | enable/disable the "floating" state of a bus slot object, | |
4003 | i.e. whether the slot object pins the bus it is allocated for into | |
4004 | memory or if the bus slot object gets disconnected when the bus goes | |
4005 | away. sd_bus_open_with_description(), | |
4006 | sd_bus_open_user_with_description(), | |
4007 | sd_bus_open_system_with_description() may be used to allocate bus | |
4008 | objects and set their description string already during allocation. | |
4009 | ||
4010 | * sd-event gained support for watching inotify events from the event | |
4011 | loop, in an efficient way, sharing inotify handles between multiple | |
4012 | users. For this a new function sd_event_add_inotify() has been added. | |
4013 | ||
4014 | * sd-event and sd-bus gained support for calling special user-supplied | |
4015 | destructor functions for userdata pointers associated with | |
c7f93e28 ZJS |
4016 | sd_event_source, sd_bus_slot, and sd_bus_track objects. For this new |
4017 | functions sd_bus_slot_set_destroy_callback, | |
4018 | sd_bus_slot_get_destroy_callback, sd_bus_track_set_destroy_callback, | |
4019 | sd_bus_track_get_destroy_callback, | |
4020 | sd_event_source_set_destroy_callback, | |
4021 | sd_event_source_get_destroy_callback have been added. | |
41a4c3ec LP |
4022 | |
4023 | * The "net.ipv4.tcp_ecn" sysctl will now be turned on by default. | |
4024 | ||
4025 | * PID 1 will now automatically reschedule .timer units whenever the | |
5cadf58e | 4026 | local timezone changes. (They previously got rescheduled |
41a4c3ec LP |
4027 | automatically when the system clock changed.) |
4028 | ||
4029 | * New documentation has been added to document cgroups delegation, | |
4030 | portable services and the various code quality tools we have set up: | |
4031 | ||
a8a27374 SK |
4032 | https://github.com/systemd/systemd/blob/master/docs/CGROUP_DELEGATION.md |
4033 | https://github.com/systemd/systemd/blob/master/docs/PORTABLE_SERVICES.md | |
4034 | https://github.com/systemd/systemd/blob/master/docs/CODE_QUALITY.md | |
41a4c3ec | 4035 | |
d6906108 LP |
4036 | * The Boot Loader Specification has been added to the source tree. |
4037 | ||
a8a27374 | 4038 | https://github.com/systemd/systemd/blob/master/docs/BOOT_LOADER_SPECIFICATION.md |
d6906108 LP |
4039 | |
4040 | While moving it into our source tree we have updated it and further | |
4041 | changes are now accepted through the usual github PR workflow. | |
4042 | ||
41a4c3ec LP |
4043 | * pam_systemd will now look for PAM userdata fields systemd.memory_max, |
4044 | systemd.tasks_max, systemd.cpu_weight, systemd.io_weight set by | |
4045 | earlier PAM modules. The data in these fields is used to initialize | |
4046 | the session scope's resource properties. Thus external PAM modules | |
4047 | may now configure per-session limits, for example sourced from | |
4048 | external user databases. | |
4049 | ||
4050 | * socket units with Accept=yes will now maintain a "refused" counter in | |
4051 | addition to the existing "accepted" counter, counting connections | |
4052 | refused due to the enforced limits. | |
4053 | ||
4054 | * The "systemd-path search-binaries-default" command may now be use to | |
4055 | query the default, built-in $PATH PID 1 will pass to the services it | |
4056 | manages. | |
4057 | ||
c49a7cbd LP |
4058 | * A new unit file setting PrivateMounts= has been added. It's a boolean |
4059 | option. If enabled the unit's processes are invoked in their own file | |
4060 | system namespace. Note that this behaviour is also implied if any | |
4061 | other file system namespacing options (such as PrivateTmp=, | |
4062 | PrivateDevices=, ProtectSystem=, …) are used. This option is hence | |
4063 | primarily useful for services that do not use any of the other file | |
4064 | system namespacing options. One such service is systemd-udevd.service | |
5238e957 | 4065 | where this is now used by default. |
c49a7cbd | 4066 | |
57ab451e ZJS |
4067 | * ConditionSecurity= gained a new value "uefi-secureboot" that is true |
4068 | when the system is booted in UEFI "secure mode". | |
4069 | ||
c7668c1c LP |
4070 | * A new unit "system-update-pre.target" is added, which defines an |
4071 | optional synchronization point for offline system updates, as | |
4072 | implemented by the pre-existing "system-update.target" unit. It | |
4073 | allows ordering services before the service that executes the actual | |
4074 | update process in a generic way. | |
4075 | ||
f26ad321 ZJS |
4076 | * Systemd now emits warnings whenever .include syntax is used. |
4077 | ||
41a4c3ec | 4078 | Contributions from: Adam Duskett, Alan Jenkins, Alessandro Casale, |
ec53d48c | 4079 | Alexander Kurtz, Alex Gartrell, Anssi Hannula, Arnaud Rebillout, Brian |
bb6f071f LP |
4080 | J. Murrell, Bruno Vernay, Chris Lamb, Chris Lesiak, Christian Brauner, |
4081 | Christian Hesse, Christian Rebischke, Colin Guthrie, Daniel Dao, Daniel | |
4082 | Lin, Danylo Korostil, Davide Cavalca, David Tardon, Dimitri John | |
4083 | Ledkov, Dmitriy Geels, Douglas Christman, Elia Geretto, emelenas, Emil | |
4084 | Velikov, Evgeny Vereshchagin, Felipe Sateler, Feng Sun, Filipe | |
4085 | Brandenburger, Franck Bui, futpib, Giuseppe Scrivano, Guillem Jover, | |
4086 | guixxx, Hannes Reinecke, Hans de Goede, Harald Hoyer, Henrique Dante de | |
4087 | Almeida, Hiram van Paassen, Ian Miell, Igor Gnatenko, Ivan Shapovalov, | |
4088 | Iwan Timmer, James Cowgill, Jan Janssen, Jan Synacek, Jared Kazimir, | |
4089 | Jérémy Rosen, João Paulo Rechi Vita, Joost Heitbrink, Jui-Chi Ricky | |
4090 | Liang, Jürg Billeter, Kai-Heng Feng, Karol Augustin, Kay Sievers, | |
4091 | Krzysztof Nowicki, Lauri Tirkkonen, Lennart Poettering, Leonard König, | |
4092 | Long Li, Luca Boccassi, Lucas Werkmeister, Marcel Hoppe, Marc | |
4093 | Kleine-Budde, Mario Limonciello, Martin Jansa, Martin Wilck, Mathieu | |
4094 | Malaterre, Matteo F. Vescovi, Matthew McGinn, Matthias-Christian Ott, | |
4095 | Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, Michael Prokop, Michal Koutný, Michal | |
4096 | Sekletar, Mike Gilbert, Mikhail Kasimov, Milan Broz, Milan Pässler, | |
4097 | Mladen Pejaković, Muhammet Kara, Nicolas Boichat, Omer Katz, Paride | |
4098 | Legovini, Paul Menzel, Paul Milliken, Pavel Hrdina, Peter A. Bigot, | |
4099 | Peter D'Hoye, Peter Hutterer, Peter Jones, Philip Sequeira, Philip | |
61d0025d | 4100 | Withnall, Piotr Drąg, Radostin Stoyanov, Ricardo Salveti de Araujo, |
bb6f071f LP |
4101 | Ronny Chevalier, Rosen Penev, Rubén Suárez Alvarez, Ryan Gonzalez, |
4102 | Salvo Tomaselli, Sebastian Reichel, Sergey Ptashnick, Sergio Lindo | |
4103 | Mansilla, Stefan Schweter, Stephen Hemminger, Stuart Hayes, Susant | |
4104 | Sahani, Sylvain Plantefève, Thomas H. P. Andersen, Tobias Jungel, | |
4105 | Tomasz Torcz, Vito Caputo, Will Dietz, Will Thompson, Wim van Mourik, | |
4106 | Yu Watanabe, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
41a4c3ec | 4107 | |
e8498f82 | 4108 | — Berlin, 2018-06-22 |
41a4c3ec | 4109 | |
c657bff1 | 4110 | CHANGES WITH 238: |
e0c46a73 LP |
4111 | |
4112 | * The MemoryAccounting= unit property now defaults to on. After | |
4113 | discussions with the upstream control group maintainers we learnt | |
4114 | that the negative impact of cgroup memory accounting on current | |
4115 | kernels is finally relatively minimal, so that it should be safe to | |
444d5863 ZJS |
4116 | enable this by default without affecting system performance. Besides |
4117 | memory accounting only task accounting is turned on by default, all | |
4118 | other forms of resource accounting (CPU, IO, IP) remain off for now, | |
4119 | because it's not clear yet that their impact is small enough to move | |
4120 | from opt-in to opt-out. We recommend downstreams to leave memory | |
07a35e84 | 4121 | accounting on by default if kernel 4.14 or higher is primarily |
444d5863 ZJS |
4122 | used. On very resource constrained systems or when support for old |
4123 | kernels is a necessity, -Dmemory-accounting-default=false can be used | |
4124 | to revert this change. | |
e0c46a73 | 4125 | |
313c32c3 ZJS |
4126 | * rpm scriptlets to update the udev hwdb and rules (%udev_hwdb_update, |
4127 | %udev_rules_update) and the journal catalog (%journal_catalog_update) | |
4128 | from the upgrade scriptlets of individual packages now do nothing. | |
4129 | Transfiletriggers have been added which will perform those updates | |
4130 | once at the end of the transaction. | |
4131 | ||
4132 | Similar transfiletriggers have been added to execute any sysctl.d | |
4133 | and binfmt.d rules. Thus, it should be unnecessary to provide any | |
4134 | scriptlets to execute this configuration from package installation | |
4135 | scripts. | |
4136 | ||
4137 | * systemd-sysusers gained a mode where the configuration to execute is | |
4138 | specified on the command line, but this configuration is not executed | |
4139 | directly, but instead it is merged with the configuration on disk, | |
4140 | and the result is executed. This is useful for package installation | |
4141 | scripts which want to create the user before installing any files on | |
4142 | disk (in case some of those files are owned by that user), while | |
4143 | still allowing local admin overrides. | |
4144 | ||
07a35e84 | 4145 | This functionality is exposed to rpm scriptlets through a new |
313c32c3 ZJS |
4146 | %sysusers_create_package macro. Old %sysusers_create and |
4147 | %sysusers_create_inline macros are deprecated. | |
4148 | ||
4149 | A transfiletrigger for sysusers.d configuration is now installed, | |
07a35e84 | 4150 | which means that it should be unnecessary to call systemd-sysusers from |
313c32c3 ZJS |
4151 | package installation scripts, unless the package installs any files |
4152 | owned by those newly-created users, in which case | |
4153 | %sysusers_create_package should be used. | |
4154 | ||
4155 | * Analogous change has been done for systemd-tmpfiles: it gained a mode | |
4156 | where the command-line configuration is merged with the configuration | |
4157 | on disk. This is exposed as the new %tmpfiles_create_package macro, | |
4158 | and %tmpfiles_create is deprecated. A transfiletrigger is installed | |
4159 | for tmpfiles.d, hence it should be unnecessary to call systemd-tmpfiles | |
4160 | from package installation scripts. | |
4161 | ||
4162 | * sysusers.d configuration for a user may now also specify the group | |
4163 | number, in addition to the user number ("u username 123:456"), or | |
4164 | without the user number ("u username -:456"). | |
4165 | ||
4166 | * Configution items for systemd-sysusers can now be specified as | |
4167 | positional arguments when the new --inline switch is used. | |
4168 | ||
4169 | * The login shell of users created through sysusers.d may now be | |
4170 | specified (previously, it was always /bin/sh for root and | |
4171 | /sbin/nologin for other users). | |
4172 | ||
4173 | * systemd-analyze gained a new --global switch to look at global user | |
4174 | configuration. It also gained a unit-paths verb to list the unit load | |
4175 | paths that are compiled into systemd (which can be used with | |
4176 | --systemd, --user, or --global). | |
4177 | ||
4178 | * udevadm trigger gained a new --settle/-w option to wait for any | |
4179 | triggered events to finish (but just those, and not any other events | |
4180 | which are triggered meanwhile). | |
4181 | ||
4182 | * The action that systemd-logind takes when the lid is closed and the | |
4183 | machine is connected to external power can now be configured using | |
4184 | HandleLidSwitchExternalPower= in logind.conf. Previously, this action | |
4185 | was determined by HandleLidSwitch=, and, for backwards compatibility, | |
4186 | is still is, if HandleLidSwitchExternalPower= is not explicitly set. | |
4187 | ||
4188 | * journalctl will periodically call sd_journal_process() to make it | |
4189 | resilient against inotify queue overruns when journal files are | |
4190 | rotated very quickly. | |
4191 | ||
4192 | * Two new functions in libsystemd — sd_bus_get_n_queued_read and | |
4193 | sd_bus_get_n_queued_write — may be used to check the number of | |
4194 | pending bus messages. | |
4195 | ||
4196 | * systemd gained a new | |
4197 | org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager.AttachProcessesToUnit dbus call | |
4198 | which can be used to migrate foreign processes to scope and service | |
4199 | units. The primary user for this new API is systemd itself: the | |
4200 | systemd --user instance uses this call of the systemd --system | |
4201 | instance to migrate processes if it itself gets the request to | |
4202 | migrate processes and the kernel refuses this due to access | |
4203 | restrictions. Thanks to this "systemd-run --scope --user …" works | |
4e1dfa45 | 4204 | again in pure cgroup v2 environments when invoked from the user |
313c32c3 ZJS |
4205 | session scope. |
4206 | ||
4207 | * A new TemporaryFileSystem= setting can be used to mask out part of | |
4208 | the real file system tree with tmpfs mounts. This may be combined | |
4209 | with BindPaths= and BindReadOnlyPaths= to hide files or directories | |
4210 | not relevant to the unit, while still allowing some paths lower in | |
4211 | the tree to be accessed. | |
4212 | ||
4213 | ProtectHome=tmpfs may now be used to hide user home and runtime | |
4214 | directories from units, in a way that is mostly equivalent to | |
4215 | "TemporaryFileSystem=/home /run/user /root". | |
4216 | ||
4217 | * Non-service units are now started with KeyringMode=shared by default. | |
4218 | This means that mount and swapon and other mount tools have access | |
4219 | to keys in the main keyring. | |
4220 | ||
4221 | * /sys/fs/bpf is now mounted automatically. | |
4222 | ||
4223 | * QNX virtualization is now detected by systemd-detect-virt and may | |
4224 | be used in ConditionVirtualization=. | |
4225 | ||
4226 | * IPAccounting= may now be enabled also for slice units. | |
4227 | ||
4228 | * A new -Dsplit-bin= build configuration switch may be used to specify | |
4229 | whether bin and sbin directories are merged, or if they should be | |
4230 | included separately in $PATH and various listings of executable | |
4231 | directories. The build configuration scripts will try to autodetect | |
4232 | the proper values of -Dsplit-usr= and -Dsplit-bin= based on build | |
4233 | system, but distributions are encouraged to configure this | |
4234 | explicitly. | |
4235 | ||
4236 | * A new -Dok-color= build configuration switch may be used to change | |
4237 | the colour of "OK" status messages. | |
4238 | ||
4239 | * UPGRADE ISSUE: serialization of units using JoinsNamespaceOf= with | |
4240 | PrivateNetwork=yes was buggy in previous versions of systemd. This | |
4241 | means that after the upgrade and daemon-reexec, any such units must | |
4242 | be restarted. | |
4243 | ||
4244 | * INCOMPATIBILITY: as announced in the NEWS for 237, systemd-tmpfiles | |
4245 | will not exclude read-only files owned by root from cleanup. | |
4246 | ||
c657bff1 ZJS |
4247 | Contributions from: Alan Jenkins, Alexander F Rødseth, Alexis Jeandet, |
4248 | Andika Triwidada, Andrei Gherzan, Ansgar Burchardt, antizealot1337, | |
4249 | Batuhan Osman Taşkaya, Beniamino Galvani, Bill Yodlowsky, Caio Marcelo | |
4250 | de Oliveira Filho, CuBiC, Daniele Medri, Daniel Mouritzen, Daniel | |
4251 | Rusek, Davide Cavalca, Dimitri John Ledkov, Douglas Christman, Evgeny | |
4252 | Vereshchagin, Faalagorn, Filipe Brandenburger, Franck Bui, futpib, | |
4253 | Giacomo Longo, Gunnar Hjalmarsson, Hans de Goede, Hermann Gausterer, | |
4254 | Iago López Galeiras, Jakub Filak, Jan Synacek, Jason A. Donenfeld, | |
4255 | Javier Martinez Canillas, Jérémy Rosen, Lennart Poettering, Lucas | |
4256 | Werkmeister, Mao Huang, Marco Gulino, Michael Biebl, Michael Vogt, | |
4257 | MilhouseVH, Neal Gompa (ニール・ゴンパ), Oleander Reis, Olof Mogren, | |
4258 | Patrick Uiterwijk, Peter Hutterer, Peter Portante, Piotr Drąg, Robert | |
4259 | Antoni Buj Gelonch, Sergey Ptashnick, Shawn Landden, Shuang Liu, Simon | |
4260 | Fowler, SjonHortensius, snorreflorre, Susant Sahani, Sylvain | |
4261 | Plantefève, Thomas Blume, Thomas Haller, Vito Caputo, Yu Watanabe, | |
4262 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Марко М. Костић (Marko M. Kostić) | |
4263 | ||
4264 | — Warsaw, 2018-03-05 | |
4265 | ||
82c8e3e6 | 4266 | CHANGES WITH 237: |
2b0c59ba MP |
4267 | |
4268 | * Some keyboards come with a zoom see-saw or rocker which until now got | |
4269 | mapped to the Linux "zoomin/out" keys in hwdb. However, these | |
4270 | keycodes are not recognized by any major desktop. They now produce | |
4271 | Up/Down key events so that they can be used for scrolling. | |
4272 | ||
49e87292 LP |
4273 | * INCOMPATIBILITY: systemd-tmpfiles' "f" lines changed behaviour |
4274 | slightly: previously, if an argument was specified for lines of this | |
4275 | type (i.e. the right-most column was set) this string was appended to | |
4276 | existing files each time systemd-tmpfiles was run. This behaviour was | |
4277 | different from what the documentation said, and not particularly | |
4278 | useful, as repeated systemd-tmpfiles invocations would not be | |
4279 | idempotent and grow such files without bounds. With this release | |
15c5594b ZJS |
4280 | behaviour has been altered to match what the documentation says: |
4281 | lines of this type only have an effect if the indicated files don't | |
4282 | exist yet, and only then the argument string is written to the file. | |
49e87292 | 4283 | |
82c8e3e6 LP |
4284 | * FUTURE INCOMPATIBILITY: In systemd v238 we intend to slightly change |
4285 | systemd-tmpfiles behaviour: previously, read-only files owned by root | |
4286 | were always excluded from the file "aging" algorithm (i.e. the | |
4287 | automatic clean-up of directories like /tmp based on | |
4288 | atime/mtime/ctime). We intend to drop this restriction, and age files | |
4289 | by default even when owned by root and read-only. This behaviour was | |
4290 | inherited from older tools, but there have been requests to remove | |
4291 | it, and it's not obvious why this restriction was made in the first | |
28423d9a | 4292 | place. Please speak up now, if you are aware of software that requires |
82c8e3e6 LP |
4293 | this behaviour, otherwise we'll remove the restriction in v238. |
4294 | ||
95894b91 LP |
4295 | * A new environment variable $SYSTEMD_OFFLINE is now understood by |
4296 | systemctl. It takes a boolean argument. If on, systemctl assumes it | |
4297 | operates on an "offline" OS tree, and will not attempt to talk to the | |
4298 | service manager. Previously, this mode was implicitly enabled if a | |
4299 | chroot() environment was detected, and this new environment variable | |
4300 | now provides explicit control. | |
4301 | ||
1a0cd2c7 ZJS |
4302 | * .path and .socket units may now be created transiently, too. |
4303 | Previously only service, mount, automount and timer units were | |
95894b91 LP |
4304 | supported as transient units. The systemd-run tool has been updated |
4305 | to expose this new functionality, you may hence use it now to bind | |
4306 | arbitrary commands to path or socket activation on-the-fly from the | |
1a0cd2c7 ZJS |
4307 | command line. Moreover, almost all properties are now exposed for the |
4308 | unit types that already supported transient operation. | |
95894b91 LP |
4309 | |
4310 | * The systemd-mount command gained support for a new --owner= parameter | |
4311 | which takes a user name, which is then resolved and included in uid= | |
4312 | and gid= mount options string of the file system to mount. | |
4313 | ||
4314 | * A new unit condition ConditionControlGroupController= has been added | |
4315 | that checks whether a specific cgroup controller is available. | |
4316 | ||
4317 | * Unit files, udev's .link files, and systemd-networkd's .netdev and | |
4318 | .network files all gained support for a new condition | |
4319 | ConditionKernelVersion= for checking against specific kernel | |
4320 | versions. | |
4321 | ||
4322 | * In systemd-networkd, the [IPVLAN] section in .netdev files gained | |
6cddc792 | 4323 | support for configuring device flags in the Flags= setting. In the |
95894b91 LP |
4324 | same files, the [Tunnel] section gained support for configuring |
4325 | AllowLocalRemote=. The [Route] section in .network files gained | |
4326 | support for configuring InitialCongestionWindow=, | |
4327 | InitialAdvertisedReceiveWindow= and QuickAck=. The [DHCP] section now | |
4328 | understands RapidCommit=. | |
4329 | ||
4330 | * systemd-networkd's DHCPv6 support gained support for Prefix | |
4331 | Delegation. | |
4332 | ||
4333 | * sd-bus gained support for a new "watch-bind" feature. When this | |
4334 | feature is enabled, an sd_bus connection may be set up to connect to | |
4335 | an AF_UNIX socket in the file system as soon as it is created. This | |
4336 | functionality is useful for writing early-boot services that | |
4337 | automatically connect to the system bus as soon as it is started, | |
4338 | without ugly time-based polling. systemd-networkd and | |
4339 | systemd-resolved have been updated to make use of this | |
4340 | functionality. busctl exposes this functionality in a new | |
4341 | --watch-bind= command line switch. | |
4342 | ||
4343 | * sd-bus will now optionally synthesize a local "Connected" signal as | |
4344 | soon as a D-Bus connection is set up fully. This message mirrors the | |
4345 | already existing "Disconnected" signal which is synthesized when the | |
4346 | connection is terminated. This signal is generally useful but | |
4347 | particularly handy in combination with the "watch-bind" feature | |
4348 | described above. Synthesizing of this message has to be requested | |
4349 | explicitly through the new API call sd_bus_set_connected_signal(). In | |
4350 | addition a new call sd_bus_is_ready() has been added that checks | |
caf2a2d8 | 4351 | whether a connection is fully set up (i.e. between the "Connected" and |
95894b91 LP |
4352 | "Disconnected" signals). |
4353 | ||
4354 | * sd-bus gained two new calls sd_bus_request_name_async() and | |
4355 | sd_bus_release_name_async() for asynchronously registering bus | |
4356 | names. Similar, there is now sd_bus_add_match_async() for installing | |
4357 | a signal match asynchronously. All of systemd's own services have | |
4358 | been updated to make use of these calls. Doing these operations | |
4359 | asynchronously has two benefits: it reduces the risk of deadlocks in | |
4360 | case of cyclic dependencies between bus services, and it speeds up | |
4361 | service initialization since synchronization points for bus | |
4362 | round-trips are removed. | |
4363 | ||
4364 | * sd-bus gained two new calls sd_bus_match_signal() and | |
4365 | sd_bus_match_signal_async(), which are similar to sd_bus_add_match() | |
4366 | and sd_bus_add_match_async() but instead of taking a D-Bus match | |
4367 | string take match fields as normal function parameters. | |
4368 | ||
4369 | * sd-bus gained two new calls sd_bus_set_sender() and | |
4370 | sd_bus_message_set_sender() for setting the sender name of outgoing | |
4371 | messages (either for all outgoing messages or for just one specific | |
4372 | one). These calls are only useful in direct connections as on | |
4373 | brokered connections the broker fills in the sender anyway, | |
4374 | overwriting whatever the client filled in. | |
4375 | ||
4376 | * sd-event gained a new pseudo-handle that may be specified on all API | |
4377 | calls where an "sd_event*" object is expected: SD_EVENT_DEFAULT. When | |
4378 | used this refers to the default event loop object of the calling | |
4379 | thread. Note however that this does not implicitly allocate one — | |
6cddc792 CR |
4380 | which has to be done prior by using sd_event_default(). Similarly |
4381 | sd-bus gained three new pseudo-handles SD_BUS_DEFAULT, | |
95894b91 LP |
4382 | SD_BUS_DEFAULT_USER, SD_BUS_DEFAULT_SYSTEM that may be used to refer |
4383 | to the default bus of the specified type of the calling thread. Here | |
4384 | too this does not implicitly allocate bus connection objects, this | |
4385 | has to be done prior with sd_bus_default() and friends. | |
4386 | ||
4387 | * sd-event gained a new call pair | |
6cddc792 CR |
4388 | sd_event_source_{get|set}_io_fd_own(). This may be used to request |
4389 | automatic closure of the file descriptor an IO event source watches | |
95894b91 LP |
4390 | when the event source is destroyed. |
4391 | ||
4392 | * systemd-networkd gained support for natively configuring WireGuard | |
4393 | connections. | |
4394 | ||
6cddc792 CR |
4395 | * In previous versions systemd synthesized user records both for the |
4396 | "nobody" (UID 65534) and "root" (UID 0) users in nss-systemd and | |
4397 | internally. In order to simplify distribution-wide renames of the | |
95894b91 LP |
4398 | "nobody" user (like it is planned in Fedora: nfsnobody → nobody), a |
4399 | new transitional flag file has been added: if | |
4400 | /etc/systemd/dont-synthesize-nobody exists synthesizing of the 65534 | |
4401 | user and group record within the systemd codebase is disabled. | |
4402 | ||
4403 | * systemd-notify gained a new --uid= option for selecting the source | |
4404 | user/UID to use for notification messages sent to the service | |
4405 | manager. | |
4406 | ||
31751f7e | 4407 | * journalctl gained a new --grep= option to list only entries in which |
e6501af8 ZJS |
4408 | the message matches a certain pattern. By default matching is case |
4409 | insensitive if the pattern is lowercase, and case sensitive | |
4410 | otherwise. Option --case-sensitive=yes|no can be used to override | |
4411 | this an specify case sensitivity or case insensitivity. | |
4412 | ||
56a29112 | 4413 | * There's now a "systemd-analyze service-watchdogs" command for printing |
508058c9 | 4414 | the current state of the service runtime watchdog, and optionally |
56a29112 | 4415 | enabling or disabling the per-service watchdogs system-wide if given a |
508058c9 LP |
4416 | boolean argument (i.e. the concept you configure in WatchdogSec=), for |
4417 | debugging purposes. There's also a kernel command line option | |
56a29112 | 4418 | systemd.service_watchdogs= for controlling the same. |
508058c9 LP |
4419 | |
4420 | * Two new "log-level" and "log-target" options for systemd-analyze were | |
bc99dac5 | 4421 | added that merge the now deprecated get-log-level, set-log-level and |
508058c9 LP |
4422 | get-log-target, set-log-target pairs. The deprecated options are still |
4423 | understood for backwards compatibility. The two new options print the | |
4424 | current value when no arguments are given, and set them when a | |
56a29112 | 4425 | level/target is given as an argument. |
95894b91 | 4426 | |
508058c9 LP |
4427 | * sysusers.d's "u" lines now optionally accept both a UID and a GID |
4428 | specification, separated by a ":" character, in order to create users | |
4429 | where UID and GID do not match. | |
4430 | ||
95894b91 | 4431 | Contributions from: Adam Duskett, Alan Jenkins, Alexander Kuleshov, |
508058c9 LP |
4432 | Alexis Deruelle, Andrew Jeddeloh, Armin Widegreen, Batuhan Osman |
4433 | Taşkaya, Björn Esser, bleep_blop, Bruce A. Johnson, Chris Down, Clinton | |
4434 | Roy, Colin Walters, Daniel Rusek, Dimitri John Ledkov, Dmitry Rozhkov, | |
4435 | Evgeny Vereshchagin, Ewout van Mansom, Felipe Sateler, Franck Bui, | |
4436 | Frantisek Sumsal, George Gaydarov, Gianluca Boiano, Hans-Christian | |
4437 | Noren Egtvedt, Hans de Goede, Henrik Grindal Bakken, Jan Alexander | |
4438 | Steffens, Jan Klötzke, Jason A. Donenfeld, jdkbx, Jérémy Rosen, | |
4439 | Jerónimo Borque, John Lin, John Paul Herold, Jonathan Rudenberg, Jörg | |
4440 | Thalheim, Ken (Bitsko) MacLeod, Larry Bernstone, Lennart Poettering, | |
4441 | Lucas Werkmeister, Maciej S. Szmigiero, Marek Čermák, Martin Pitt, | |
4442 | Mathieu Malaterre, Matthew Thode, Matthias-Christian Ott, Max Harmathy, | |
4443 | Michael Biebl, Michael Vogt, Michal Koutný, Michal Sekletar, Michał | |
4444 | Szczepański, Mike Gilbert, Nathaniel McCallum, Nicolas Chauvet, Olaf | |
4445 | Hering, Olivier Schwander, Patrik Flykt, Paul Cercueil, Peter Hutterer, | |
4446 | Piotr Drąg, Raphael Vogelgsang, Reverend Homer, Robert Kolchmeyer, | |
4447 | Samuel Dionne-Riel, Sergey Ptashnick, Shawn Landden, Susant Sahani, | |
4448 | Sylvain Plantefève, Thomas H. P. Andersen, Thomas Huth, Tomasz | |
4449 | Bachorski, Vladislav Vishnyakov, Wieland Hoffmann, Yu Watanabe, Zachary | |
4450 | Winnerman, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Дамјан Георгиевски, Дилян | |
4451 | Палаузов | |
4452 | ||
4453 | — Brno, 2018-01-28 | |
2b0c59ba | 4454 | |
a1b2c92d | 4455 | CHANGES WITH 236: |
195b943d | 4456 | |
89780840 ZJS |
4457 | * The modprobe.d/ drop-in for the bonding.ko kernel module introduced |
4458 | in v235 has been extended to also set the dummy.ko module option | |
4459 | numdummies=0, preventing the kernel from automatically creating | |
4460 | dummy0. All dummy interfaces must now be explicitly created. | |
195b943d | 4461 | |
3925496a LP |
4462 | * Unknown '%' specifiers in configuration files are now rejected. This |
4463 | applies to units and tmpfiles.d configuration. Any percent characters | |
4464 | that are followed by a letter or digit that are not supposed to be | |
4465 | interpreted as the beginning of a specifier should be escaped by | |
4466 | doubling ("%%"). (So "size=5%" is still accepted, as well as | |
4467 | "size=5%,foo=bar", but not "LABEL=x%y%z" since %y and %z are not | |
4468 | valid specifiers today.) | |
751223fe | 4469 | |
e6b2d948 | 4470 | * systemd-resolved now maintains a new dynamic |
89780840 ZJS |
4471 | /run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf compatibility file. It is |
4472 | recommended to make /etc/resolv.conf a symlink to it. This file | |
4473 | points at the systemd-resolved stub DNS 127.0.0.53 resolver and | |
4474 | includes dynamically acquired search domains, achieving more correct | |
4475 | DNS resolution by software that bypasses local DNS APIs such as NSS. | |
e6b2d948 | 4476 | |
67eb5b38 LP |
4477 | * The "uaccess" udev tag has been dropped from /dev/kvm and |
4478 | /dev/dri/renderD*. These devices now have the 0666 permissions by | |
4479 | default (but this may be changed at build-time). /dev/dri/renderD* | |
4480 | will now be owned by the "render" group along with /dev/kfd. | |
4481 | ||
89780840 ZJS |
4482 | * "DynamicUser=yes" has been enabled for systemd-timesyncd.service, |
4483 | systemd-journal-gatewayd.service and | |
4484 | systemd-journal-upload.service. This means "nss-systemd" must be | |
4485 | enabled in /etc/nsswitch.conf to ensure the UIDs assigned to these | |
4486 | services are resolved properly. | |
67eb5b38 | 4487 | |
3925496a LP |
4488 | * In /etc/fstab two new mount options are now understood: |
4489 | x-systemd.makefs and x-systemd.growfs. The former has the effect that | |
4490 | the configured file system is formatted before it is mounted, the | |
4491 | latter that the file system is resized to the full block device size | |
4492 | after it is mounted (i.e. if the file system is smaller than the | |
4493 | partition it resides on, it's grown). This is similar to the fsck | |
4494 | logic in /etc/fstab, and pulls in systemd-makefs@.service and | |
4495 | systemd-growfs@.service as necessary, similar to | |
4496 | systemd-fsck@.service. Resizing is currently only supported on ext4 | |
4497 | and btrfs. | |
4498 | ||
67eb5b38 LP |
4499 | * In systemd-networkd, the IPv6 RA logic now optionally may announce |
4500 | DNS server and domain information. | |
4501 | ||
4502 | * Support for the LUKS2 on-disk format for encrypted partitions has | |
4503 | been added. This requires libcryptsetup2 during compilation and | |
4504 | runtime. | |
4505 | ||
89780840 | 4506 | * The systemd --user instance will now signal "readiness" when its |
67eb5b38 LP |
4507 | basic.target unit has been reached, instead of when the run queue ran |
4508 | empty for the first time. | |
4509 | ||
8ea2dcb0 ZJS |
4510 | * Tmpfiles.d with user configuration are now also supported. |
4511 | systemd-tmpfiles gained a new --user switch, and snippets placed in | |
4512 | ~/.config/user-tmpfiles.d/ and corresponding directories will be | |
4513 | executed by systemd-tmpfiles --user running in the new | |
4514 | systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service and systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service | |
4515 | running in the user session. | |
4516 | ||
4517 | * Unit files and tmpfiles.d snippets learnt three new % specifiers: | |
4518 | %S resolves to the top-level state directory (/var/lib for the system | |
4519 | instance, $XDG_CONFIG_HOME for the user instance), %C resolves to the | |
4520 | top-level cache directory (/var/cache for the system instance, | |
4521 | $XDG_CACHE_HOME for the user instance), %L resolves to the top-level | |
4522 | logs directory (/var/log for the system instance, | |
67eb5b38 | 4523 | $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/log/ for the user instance). This matches the |
8ea2dcb0 | 4524 | existing %t specifier, that resolves to the top-level runtime |
67eb5b38 LP |
4525 | directory (/run for the system instance, and $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR for the |
4526 | user instance). | |
4527 | ||
4528 | * journalctl learnt a new parameter --output-fields= for limiting the | |
4529 | set of journal fields to output in verbose and JSON output modes. | |
4530 | ||
4531 | * systemd-timesyncd's configuration file gained a new option | |
89780840 ZJS |
4532 | RootDistanceMaxSec= for setting the maximum root distance of servers |
4533 | it'll use, as well as the new options PollIntervalMinSec= and | |
4534 | PollIntervalMaxSec= to tweak the minimum and maximum poll interval. | |
67eb5b38 LP |
4535 | |
4536 | * bootctl gained a new command "list" for listing all available boot | |
89780840 | 4537 | menu items on systems that follow the boot loader specification. |
67eb5b38 LP |
4538 | |
4539 | * systemctl gained a new --dry-run switch that shows what would be done | |
4540 | instead of doing it, and is currently supported by the shutdown and | |
4541 | sleep verbs. | |
4542 | ||
e9ad86d5 | 4543 | * ConditionSecurity= can now detect the TOMOYO security module. |
67eb5b38 LP |
4544 | |
4545 | * Unit file [Install] sections are now also respected in unit drop-in | |
89780840 | 4546 | files. This is intended to be used by drop-ins under /usr/lib/. |
67eb5b38 | 4547 | |
89780840 | 4548 | * systemd-firstboot may now also set the initial keyboard mapping. |
67eb5b38 | 4549 | |
89780840 ZJS |
4550 | * Udev "changed" events for devices which are exposed as systemd |
4551 | .device units are now propagated to units specified in | |
4552 | ReloadPropagatedFrom= as reload requests. | |
67eb5b38 | 4553 | |
89780840 ZJS |
4554 | * If a udev device has a SYSTEMD_WANTS= property containing a systemd |
4555 | unit template name (i.e. a name in the form of 'foobar@.service', | |
4556 | without the instance component between the '@' and - the '.'), then | |
4557 | the escaped sysfs path of the device is automatically used as the | |
4558 | instance. | |
67eb5b38 LP |
4559 | |
4560 | * SystemCallFilter= in unit files has been extended so that an "errno" | |
4561 | can be specified individually for each system call. Example: | |
4562 | SystemCallFilter=~uname:EILSEQ. | |
4563 | ||
4564 | * The cgroup delegation logic has been substantially updated. Delegate= | |
4565 | now optionally takes a list of controllers (instead of a boolean, as | |
4566 | before), which lists the controllers to delegate at least. | |
4567 | ||
89780840 | 4568 | * The networkd DHCPv6 client now implements the FQDN option (RFC 4704). |
67eb5b38 | 4569 | |
89780840 ZJS |
4570 | * A new LogLevelMax= setting configures the maximum log level any |
4571 | process of the service may log at (i.e. anything with a lesser | |
4572 | priority than what is specified is automatically dropped). A new | |
4573 | LogExtraFields= setting allows configuration of additional journal | |
4574 | fields to attach to all log records generated by any of the unit's | |
4575 | processes. | |
67eb5b38 | 4576 | |
89780840 ZJS |
4577 | * New StandardInputData= and StandardInputText= settings along with the |
4578 | new option StandardInput=data may be used to configure textual or | |
4579 | binary data that shall be passed to the executed service process via | |
4580 | standard input, encoded in-line in the unit file. | |
67eb5b38 LP |
4581 | |
4582 | * StandardInput=, StandardOutput= and StandardError= may now be used to | |
4583 | connect stdin/stdout/stderr of executed processes directly with a | |
4584 | file or AF_UNIX socket in the file system, using the new "file:" option. | |
4585 | ||
89780840 ZJS |
4586 | * A new unit file option CollectMode= has been added, that allows |
4587 | tweaking the garbage collection logic for units. It may be used to | |
4588 | tell systemd to garbage collect units that have failed automatically | |
4589 | (normally it only GCs units that exited successfully). systemd-run | |
4590 | and systemd-mount expose this new functionality with a new -G option. | |
4591 | ||
67eb5b38 LP |
4592 | * "machinectl bind" may now be used to bind mount non-directories |
4593 | (i.e. regularfiles, devices, fifos, sockets). | |
4594 | ||
4595 | * systemd-analyze gained a new verb "calendar" for validating and | |
4596 | testing calendar time specifications to use for OnCalendar= in timer | |
4597 | units. Besides validating the expression it will calculate the next | |
4598 | time the specified expression would elapse. | |
4599 | ||
4600 | * In addition to the pre-existing FailureAction= unit file setting | |
89780840 ZJS |
4601 | there's now SuccessAction=, for configuring a shutdown action to |
4602 | execute when a unit completes successfully. This is useful in | |
4603 | particular inside containers that shall terminate after some workload | |
4604 | has been completed. Also, both options are now supported for all unit | |
4605 | types, not just services. | |
67eb5b38 LP |
4606 | |
4607 | * networkds's IP rule support gained two new options | |
dd014eeb | 4608 | IncomingInterface= and OutgoingInterface= for configuring the incoming |
67eb5b38 LP |
4609 | and outgoing interfaces of configured rules. systemd-networkd also |
4610 | gained support for "vxcan" network devices. | |
4611 | ||
4612 | * networkd gained a new setting RequiredForOnline=, taking a | |
4613 | boolean. If set, systemd-wait-online will take it into consideration | |
4614 | when determining that the system is up, otherwise it will ignore the | |
4615 | interface for this purpose. | |
4616 | ||
4617 | * The sd_notify() protocol gained support for a new operation: with | |
4618 | FDSTOREREMOVE=1 file descriptors may be removed from the per-service | |
4619 | store again, ahead of POLLHUP or POLLERR when they are removed | |
4620 | anyway. | |
4621 | ||
f09eb768 LP |
4622 | * A new document doc/UIDS-GIDS.md has been added to the source tree, |
4623 | that documents the UID/GID range and assignment assumptions and | |
3925496a LP |
4624 | requirements of systemd. |
4625 | ||
4626 | * The watchdog device PID 1 will ping may now be configured through the | |
4627 | WatchdogDevice= configuration file setting, or by setting the | |
4628 | systemd.watchdog_service= kernel commandline option. | |
4629 | ||
4630 | * systemd-resolved's gained support for registering DNS-SD services on | |
4631 | the local network using MulticastDNS. Services may either be | |
4632 | registered by dropping in a .dnssd file in /etc/systemd/dnssd/ (or | |
4633 | the same dir below /run, /usr/lib), or through its D-Bus API. | |
4634 | ||
a327431b DB |
4635 | * The sd_notify() protocol can now with EXTEND_TIMEOUT_USEC=microsecond |
4636 | extend the effective start, runtime, and stop time. The service must | |
4637 | continue to send EXTEND_TIMEOUT_USEC within the period specified to | |
4638 | prevent the service manager from making the service as timedout. | |
4639 | ||
ea2a3c9e LP |
4640 | * systemd-resolved's DNSSEC support gained support for RFC 8080 |
4641 | (Ed25519 keys and signatures). | |
4642 | ||
a1b2c92d LP |
4643 | * The systemd-resolve command line tool gained a new set of options |
4644 | --set-dns=, --set-domain=, --set-llmnr=, --set-mdns=, --set-dnssec=, | |
4645 | --set-nta= and --revert to configure per-interface DNS configuration | |
4646 | dynamically during runtime. It's useful for pushing DNS information | |
4647 | into systemd-resolved from DNS hook scripts that various interface | |
4648 | managing software supports (such as pppd). | |
4649 | ||
4650 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --network-namespace-path= command line | |
4651 | option, which may be used to make a container join an existing | |
4652 | network namespace, by specifying a path to a "netns" file. | |
4653 | ||
3925496a LP |
4654 | Contributions from: Alan Jenkins, Alan Robertson, Alessandro Ghedini, |
4655 | Andrew Jeddeloh, Antonio Rojas, Ari, asavah, bleep_blop, Carsten | |
4656 | Strotmann, Christian Brauner, Christian Hesse, Clinton Roy, Collin | |
ea2a3c9e | 4657 | Eggert, Cong Wang, Daniel Black, Daniel Lockyer, Daniel Rusek, Dimitri |
a1b2c92d LP |
4658 | John Ledkov, Dmitry Rozhkov, Dongsu Park, Edward A. James, Evgeny |
4659 | Vereshchagin, Florian Klink, Franck Bui, Gwendal Grignou, Hans de | |
4660 | Goede, Harald Hoyer, Hristo Venev, Iago López Galeiras, Ikey Doherty, | |
4661 | Jakub Wilk, Jérémy Rosen, Jiahui Xie, John Lin, José Bollo, Josef | |
4662 | Andersson, juga0, Krzysztof Nowicki, Kyle Walker, Lars Karlitski, Lars | |
4663 | Kellogg-Stedman, Lauri Tirkkonen, Lennart Poettering, Lubomir Rintel, | |
4664 | Luca Bruno, Lucas Werkmeister, Lukáš Nykrýn, Lukáš Říha, Lukasz | |
4665 | Rubaszewski, Maciej S. Szmigiero, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcus Folkesson, | |
4666 | Martin Steuer, Mathieu Trudel-Lapierre, Matija Skala, | |
4667 | Matthias-Christian Ott, Max Resch, Michael Biebl, Michael Vogt, Michal | |
4668 | Koutný, Michal Sekletar, Mike Gilbert, Muhammet Kara, Neil Brown, Olaf | |
4669 | Hering, Ondrej Kozina, Patrik Flykt, Patryk Kocielnik, Peter Hutterer, | |
4670 | Piotr Drąg, Razvan Cojocaru, Robin McCorkell, Roland Hieber, Saran | |
4671 | Tunyasuvunakool, Sergey Ptashnick, Shawn Landden, Shuang Liu, Simon | |
4672 | Arlott, Simon Peeters, Stanislav Angelovič, Stefan Agner, Susant | |
4673 | Sahani, Sylvain Plantefève, Thomas Blume, Thomas Haller, Tiago Salem | |
4674 | Herrmann, Tinu Weber, Tom Stellard, Topi Miettinen, Torsten Hilbrich, | |
4675 | Vito Caputo, Vladislav Vishnyakov, WaLyong Cho, Yu Watanabe, Zbigniew | |
4676 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Zeal Jagannatha | |
67eb5b38 | 4677 | |
ea2a3c9e | 4678 | — Berlin, 2017-12-14 |
3754abc5 | 4679 | |
582faeb4 DJL |
4680 | CHANGES WITH 235: |
4681 | ||
2bcbffd6 LP |
4682 | * INCOMPATIBILITY: systemd-logind.service and other long-running |
4683 | services now run inside an IPv4/IPv6 sandbox, prohibiting them any IP | |
4684 | communication with the outside. This generally improves security of | |
4685 | the system, and is in almost all cases a safe and good choice, as | |
23d37367 | 4686 | these services do not and should not provide any network-facing |
2bcbffd6 LP |
4687 | functionality. However, systemd-logind uses the glibc NSS API to |
4688 | query the user database. This creates problems on systems where NSS | |
4689 | is set up to directly consult network services for user database | |
4690 | lookups. In particular, this creates incompatibilities with the | |
4691 | "nss-nis" module, which attempts to directly contact the NIS/YP | |
4692 | network servers it is configured for, and will now consistently | |
4693 | fail. In such cases, it is possible to turn off IP sandboxing for | |
4694 | systemd-logind.service (set IPAddressDeny= in its [Service] section | |
4695 | to the empty string, via a .d/ unit file drop-in). Downstream | |
4696 | distributions might want to update their nss-nis packaging to include | |
4697 | such a drop-in snippet, accordingly, to hide this incompatibility | |
4698 | from the user. Another option is to make use of glibc's nscd service | |
4699 | to proxy such network requests through a privilege-separated, minimal | |
4700 | local caching daemon, or to switch to more modern technologies such | |
4701 | sssd, whose NSS hook-ups generally do not involve direct network | |
4702 | access. In general, we think it's definitely time to question the | |
4703 | implementation choices of nss-nis, i.e. whether it's a good idea | |
4704 | today to embed a network-facing loadable module into all local | |
4705 | processes that need to query the user database, including the most | |
4706 | trivial and benign ones, such as "ls". For more details about | |
4707 | IPAddressDeny= see below. | |
4708 | ||
fccf5419 LP |
4709 | * A new modprobe.d drop-in is now shipped by default that sets the |
4710 | bonding module option max_bonds=0. This overrides the kernel default, | |
4711 | to avoid conflicts and ambiguity as to whether or not bond0 should be | |
4712 | managed by systemd-networkd or not. This resolves multiple issues | |
4713 | with bond0 properties not being applied, when bond0 is configured | |
4714 | with systemd-networkd. Distributors may choose to not package this, | |
4715 | however in that case users will be prevented from correctly managing | |
4716 | bond0 interface using systemd-networkd. | |
582faeb4 | 4717 | |
ef5a8cb1 | 4718 | * systemd-analyze gained new verbs "get-log-level" and "get-log-target" |
21723f53 ZJS |
4719 | which print the logging level and target of the system manager. They |
4720 | complement the existing "set-log-level" and "set-log-target" verbs | |
4721 | used to change those values. | |
ef5a8cb1 | 4722 | |
fccf5419 LP |
4723 | * journald.conf gained a new boolean setting ReadKMsg= which defaults |
4724 | to on. If turned off kernel log messages will not be read by | |
21723f53 ZJS |
4725 | systemd-journald or included in the logs. It also gained a new |
4726 | setting LineMax= for configuring the maximum line length in | |
4727 | STDOUT/STDERR log streams. The new default for this value is 48K, up | |
4728 | from the previous hardcoded 2048. | |
fccf5419 | 4729 | |
21723f53 ZJS |
4730 | * A new unit setting RuntimeDirectoryPreserve= has been added, which |
4731 | allows more detailed control of what to do with a runtime directory | |
4732 | configured with RuntimeDirectory= (i.e. a directory below /run or | |
4733 | $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR) after a unit is stopped. | |
fccf5419 LP |
4734 | |
4735 | * The RuntimeDirectory= setting for units gained support for creating | |
4736 | deeper subdirectories below /run or $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR, instead of just | |
4737 | one top-level directory. | |
4738 | ||
4739 | * Units gained new options StateDirectory=, CacheDirectory=, | |
4740 | LogsDirectory= and ConfigurationDirectory= which are closely related | |
4741 | to RuntimeDirectory= but manage per-service directories below | |
21723f53 | 4742 | /var/lib, /var/cache, /var/log and /etc. By making use of them it is |
fccf5419 LP |
4743 | possible to write unit files which when activated automatically gain |
4744 | properly owned service specific directories in these locations, thus | |
4745 | making unit files self-contained and increasing compatibility with | |
4746 | stateless systems and factory reset where /etc or /var are | |
4747 | unpopulated at boot. Matching these new settings there's also | |
4748 | StateDirectoryMode=, CacheDirectoryMode=, LogsDirectoryMode=, | |
4749 | ConfigurationDirectoryMode= for configuring the access mode of these | |
75dfbbac LP |
4750 | directories. These settings are particularly useful in combination |
4751 | with DynamicUser=yes as they provide secure, properly-owned, | |
4752 | writable, and stateful locations for storage, excluded from the | |
4753 | sandbox that such services live in otherwise. | |
fccf5419 LP |
4754 | |
4755 | * Automake support has been removed from this release. systemd is now | |
4756 | Meson-only. | |
4757 | ||
4758 | * systemd-journald will now aggressively cache client metadata during | |
4759 | runtime, speeding up log write performance under pressure. This comes | |
4760 | at a small price though: as much of the metadata is read | |
4761 | asynchronously from /proc/ (and isn't implicitly attached to log | |
4762 | datagrams by the kernel, like UID/GID/PID/SELinux are) this means the | |
4763 | metadata stored alongside a log entry might be slightly | |
4764 | out-of-date. Previously it could only be slightly newer than the log | |
4765 | message. The time window is small however, and given that the kernel | |
4766 | is unlikely to be improved anytime soon in this regard, this appears | |
4767 | acceptable to us. | |
4768 | ||
4769 | * nss-myhostname/systemd-resolved will now by default synthesize an | |
4770 | A/AAAA resource record for the "_gateway" hostname, pointing to the | |
4771 | current default IP gateway. Previously it did that for the "gateway" | |
4772 | name, hampering adoption, as some distributions wanted to leave that | |
38b38500 | 4773 | hostname open for local use. The old behaviour may still be |
fccf5419 LP |
4774 | requested at build time. |
4775 | ||
4776 | * systemd-networkd's [Address] section in .network files gained a new | |
4777 | Scope= setting for configuring the IP address scope. The [Network] | |
4778 | section gained a new boolean setting ConfigureWithoutCarrier= that | |
4779 | tells systemd-networkd to ignore link sensing when configuring the | |
4780 | device. The [DHCP] section gained a new Anonymize= boolean option for | |
4781 | turning on a number of options suggested in RFC 7844. A new | |
4782 | [RoutingPolicyRule] section has been added for configuring the IP | |
4783 | routing policy. The [Route] section has gained support for a new | |
4784 | Type= setting which permits configuring | |
4785 | blackhole/unreachable/prohibit routes. | |
4786 | ||
4787 | * The [VRF] section in .netdev files gained a new Table= setting for | |
4788 | configuring the routing table to use. The [Tunnel] section gained a | |
4789 | new Independent= boolean field for configuring tunnels independent of | |
4790 | an underlying network interface. The [Bridge] section gained a new | |
4791 | GroupForwardMask= option for configuration of propagation of link | |
4792 | local frames between bridge ports. | |
4793 | ||
4794 | * The WakeOnLan= setting in .link files gained support for a number of | |
4795 | new modes. A new TCP6SegmentationOffload= setting has been added for | |
4796 | configuring TCP/IPv6 hardware segmentation offload. | |
4797 | ||
4798 | * The IPv6 RA sender implementation may now optionally send out RDNSS | |
21723f53 | 4799 | and RDNSSL records to supply DNS configuration to peers. |
fccf5419 LP |
4800 | |
4801 | * systemd-nspawn gained support for a new --system-call-filter= command | |
21723f53 ZJS |
4802 | line option for adding and removing entries in the default system |
4803 | call filter it applies. Moreover systemd-nspawn has been changed to | |
6b000af4 | 4804 | implement a system call allow list instead of a deny list. |
fccf5419 LP |
4805 | |
4806 | * systemd-run gained support for a new --pipe command line option. If | |
4807 | used the STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR file descriptors passed to systemd-run | |
4808 | are directly passed on to the activated transient service | |
21723f53 ZJS |
4809 | executable. This allows invoking arbitrary processes as systemd |
4810 | services (for example to take benefit of dependency management, | |
4811 | accounting management, resource management or log management that is | |
4812 | done automatically for services) — while still allowing them to be | |
fccf5419 LP |
4813 | integrated in a classic UNIX shell pipeline. |
4814 | ||
4815 | * When a service sends RELOAD=1 via sd_notify() and reload propagation | |
4816 | using ReloadPropagationTo= is configured, a reload is now propagated | |
4817 | to configured units. (Previously this was only done on explicitly | |
4818 | requested reloads, using "systemctl reload" or an equivalent | |
4819 | command.) | |
4820 | ||
4821 | * For each service unit a restart counter is now kept: it is increased | |
4822 | each time the service is restarted due to Restart=, and may be | |
4823 | queried using "systemctl show -p NRestarts …". | |
4824 | ||
44898c53 LP |
4825 | * New system call filter groups @aio, @sync, @chown, @setuid, @memlock, |
4826 | @signal and @timer have been added, for usage with SystemCallFilter= | |
fccf5419 LP |
4827 | in unit files and the new --system-call-filter= command line option |
4828 | of systemd-nspawn (see above). | |
4829 | ||
4830 | * ExecStart= lines in unit files gained two new modifiers: when a | |
4831 | command line is prefixed with "!" the command will be executed as | |
4832 | configured, except for the credentials applied by | |
4833 | setuid()/setgid()/setgroups(). It is very similar to the pre-existing | |
4834 | "+", but does still apply namespacing options unlike "+". There's | |
4835 | also "!!" now, which is mostly identical, but becomes a NOP on | |
4836 | systems that support ambient capabilities. This is useful to write | |
4837 | unit files that work with ambient capabilities where possible but | |
4838 | automatically fall back to traditional privilege dropping mechanisms | |
4839 | on systems where this is not supported. | |
4840 | ||
4841 | * ListenNetlink= settings in socket units now support RDMA netlink | |
4842 | sockets. | |
4843 | ||
4844 | * A new unit file setting LockPersonality= has been added which permits | |
4845 | locking down the chosen execution domain ("personality") of a service | |
4846 | during runtime. | |
4847 | ||
4848 | * A new special target "getty-pre.target" has been added, which is | |
4849 | ordered before all text logins, and may be used to order services | |
21723f53 | 4850 | before textual logins acquire access to the console. |
fccf5419 LP |
4851 | |
4852 | * systemd will now attempt to load the virtio-rng.ko kernel module very | |
4853 | early on if a VM environment supporting this is detected. This should | |
4854 | improve entropy during early boot in virtualized environments. | |
4855 | ||
4856 | * A _netdev option is now supported in /etc/crypttab that operates in a | |
4857 | similar way as the same option in /etc/fstab: it permits configuring | |
21723f53 ZJS |
4858 | encrypted devices that need to be ordered after the network is up. |
4859 | Following this logic, two new special targets | |
fccf5419 | 4860 | remote-cryptsetup-pre.target and remote-cryptsetup.target have been |
21723f53 ZJS |
4861 | added that are to cryptsetup.target what remote-fs.target and |
4862 | remote-fs-pre.target are to local-fs.target. | |
fccf5419 LP |
4863 | |
4864 | * Service units gained a new UnsetEnvironment= setting which permits | |
21723f53 ZJS |
4865 | unsetting specific environment variables for services that are |
4866 | normally passed to it (for example in order to mask out locale | |
fccf5419 LP |
4867 | settings for specific services that can't deal with it). |
4868 | ||
4869 | * Units acquired a new boolean option IPAccounting=. When turned on, IP | |
4870 | traffic accounting (packet count as well as byte count) is done for | |
4871 | the service, and shown as part of "systemctl status" or "systemd-run | |
4872 | --wait". | |
4873 | ||
4874 | * Service units acquired two new options IPAddressAllow= and | |
4875 | IPAddressDeny=, taking a list of IPv4 or IPv6 addresses and masks, | |
4876 | for configuring a simple IP access control list for all sockets of | |
4877 | the unit. These options are available also on .slice and .socket | |
4878 | units, permitting flexible access list configuration for individual | |
4879 | services as well as groups of services (as defined by a slice unit), | |
4880 | including system-wide. Note that IP ACLs configured this way are | |
4881 | enforced on every single IPv4 and IPv6 socket created by any process | |
4882 | of the service unit, and apply to ingress as well as egress traffic. | |
4883 | ||
21723f53 | 4884 | * If CPUAccounting= or IPAccounting= is turned on for a unit a new |
608f70e6 | 4885 | structured log message is generated each time the unit is stopped, |
fccf5419 LP |
4886 | containing information about the consumed resources of this |
4887 | invocation. | |
4888 | ||
4889 | * A new setting KeyringMode= has been added to unit files, which may be | |
4890 | used to control how the kernel keyring is set up for executed | |
4891 | processes. | |
4892 | ||
e06fafb2 LP |
4893 | * "systemctl poweroff", "systemctl reboot", "systemctl halt", |
4894 | "systemctl kexec" and "systemctl exit" are now always asynchronous in | |
4895 | behaviour (that is: these commands return immediately after the | |
21723f53 ZJS |
4896 | operation was enqueued instead of waiting for the operation to |
4897 | complete). Previously, "systemctl poweroff" and "systemctl reboot" | |
e06fafb2 LP |
4898 | were asynchronous on systems using systemd-logind (i.e. almost |
4899 | always, and like they were on sysvinit), and the other three commands | |
4900 | were unconditionally synchronous. With this release this is cleaned | |
4901 | up, and callers will see the same asynchronous behaviour on all | |
4902 | systems for all five operations. | |
4903 | ||
4904 | * systemd-logind gained new Halt() and CanHalt() bus calls for halting | |
4905 | the system. | |
4906 | ||
fccf5419 LP |
4907 | * .timer units now accept calendar specifications in other timezones |
4908 | than UTC or the local timezone. | |
4909 | ||
f6e64b78 | 4910 | * The tmpfiles snippet var.conf has been changed to create |
21723f53 ZJS |
4911 | /var/log/btmp with access mode 0660 instead of 0600. It was owned by |
4912 | the "utmp" group already, and it appears to be generally understood | |
4913 | that members of "utmp" can modify/flush the utmp/wtmp/lastlog/btmp | |
4914 | databases. Previously this was implemented correctly for all these | |
4915 | databases excepts btmp, which has been opened up like this now | |
4916 | too. Note that while the other databases are world-readable | |
4917 | (i.e. 0644), btmp is not and remains more restrictive. | |
f6e64b78 | 4918 | |
d55b0463 LP |
4919 | * The systemd-resolve tool gained a new --reset-server-features |
4920 | switch. When invoked like this systemd-resolved will forget | |
4921 | everything it learnt about the features supported by the configured | |
4922 | upstream DNS servers, and restarts the feature probing logic on the | |
cf84484a LP |
4923 | next resolver look-up for them at the highest feature level |
4924 | again. | |
4925 | ||
4926 | * The status dump systemd-resolved sends to the logs upon receiving | |
4927 | SIGUSR1 now also includes information about all DNS servers it is | |
4928 | configured to use, and the features levels it probed for them. | |
d55b0463 | 4929 | |
fccf5419 LP |
4930 | Contributions from: Abdó Roig-Maranges, Alan Jenkins, Alexander |
4931 | Kuleshov, Andreas Rammhold, Andrew Jeddeloh, Andrew Soutar, Ansgar | |
76451c1d LP |
4932 | Burchardt, Beniamino Galvani, Benjamin Berg, Benjamin Robin, Charles |
4933 | Huber, Christian Hesse, Daniel Berrange, Daniel Kahn Gillmor, Daniel | |
4934 | Mack, Daniel Rusek, Daniel Șerbănescu, Davide Cavalca, Dimitri John | |
4935 | Ledkov, Diogo Pereira, Djalal Harouni, Dmitriy Geels, Dmitry Torokhov, | |
4936 | ettavolt, Evgeny Vereshchagin, Fabio Kung, Felipe Sateler, Franck Bui, | |
4937 | Hans de Goede, Harald Hoyer, Insun Pyo, Ivan Kurnosov, Ivan Shapovalov, | |
4938 | Jakub Wilk, Jan Synacek, Jason Gunthorpe, Jeremy Bicha, Jérémy Rosen, | |
4939 | John Lin, jonasBoss, Jonathan Lebon, Jonathan Teh, Jon Ringle, Jörg | |
4940 | Thalheim, Jouke Witteveen, juga0, Justin Capella, Justin Michaud, | |
4941 | Kai-Heng Feng, Lennart Poettering, Lion Yang, Luca Bruno, Lucas | |
4942 | Werkmeister, Lukáš Nykrýn, Marcel Hollerbach, Marcus Lundblad, Martin | |
4943 | Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Grzeschik, Michal Sekletar, Mike Gilbert, | |
4944 | Neil Brown, Nicolas Iooss, Patrik Flykt, pEJipE, Piotr Drąg, Russell | |
4945 | Stuart, S. Fan, Shengyao Xue, Stefan Pietsch, Susant Sahani, Tejun Heo, | |
4946 | Thomas Miller, Thomas Sailer, Tobias Hunger, Tomasz Pala, Tom | |
4947 | Gundersen, Tommi Rantala, Topi Miettinen, Torstein Husebø, userwithuid, | |
4948 | Vasilis Liaskovitis, Vito Caputo, WaLyong Cho, William Douglas, Xiang | |
4949 | Fan, Yu Watanabe, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
fccf5419 | 4950 | |
c1719d8b | 4951 | — Berlin, 2017-10-06 |
fccf5419 | 4952 | |
4b4da299 LP |
4953 | CHANGES WITH 234: |
4954 | ||
4955 | * Meson is now supported as build system in addition to Automake. It is | |
4956 | our plan to remove Automake in one of our next releases, so that | |
4957 | Meson becomes our exclusive build system. Hence, please start using | |
4958 | the Meson build system in your downstream packaging. There's plenty | |
4959 | of documentation around how to use Meson, the extremely brief | |
4960 | summary: | |
4961 | ||
4962 | ./autogen.sh && ./configure && make && sudo make install | |
4963 | ||
4964 | becomes: | |
4965 | ||
4966 | meson build && ninja -C build && sudo ninja -C build install | |
4967 | ||
4968 | * Unit files gained support for a new JobRunningTimeoutUSec= setting, | |
4969 | which permits configuring a timeout on the time a job is | |
4970 | running. This is particularly useful for setting timeouts on jobs for | |
4971 | .device units. | |
4972 | ||
4973 | * Unit files gained two new options ConditionUser= and ConditionGroup= | |
4974 | for conditionalizing units based on the identity of the user/group | |
4975 | running a systemd user instance. | |
4976 | ||
4977 | * systemd-networkd now understands a new FlowLabel= setting in the | |
4978 | [VXLAN] section of .network files, as well as a Priority= in | |
4979 | [Bridge], GVRP= + MVRP= + LooseBinding= + ReorderHeader= in [VLAN] | |
4980 | and GatewayOnlink= + IPv6Preference= + Protocol= in [Route]. It also | |
4981 | gained support for configuration of GENEVE links, and IPv6 address | |
4982 | labels. The [Network] section gained the new IPv6ProxyNDP= setting. | |
4983 | ||
9f09a95a | 4984 | * .link files now understand a new Port= setting. |
4b4da299 LP |
4985 | |
4986 | * systemd-networkd's DHCP support gained support for DHCP option 119 | |
4987 | (domain search list). | |
4988 | ||
4989 | * systemd-networkd gained support for serving IPv6 address ranges using | |
bc99dac5 | 4990 | the Router Advertisement protocol. The new .network configuration |
4b4da299 LP |
4991 | section [IPv6Prefix] may be used to configure the ranges to |
4992 | serve. This is implemented based on a new, minimal, native server | |
4993 | implementation of RA. | |
4994 | ||
4995 | * journalctl's --output= switch gained support for a new parameter | |
4996 | "short-iso-precise" for a mode where timestamps are shown as precise | |
4997 | ISO date values. | |
4998 | ||
4999 | * systemd-udevd's "net_id" builtin may now generate stable network | |
5000 | interface names from IBM PowerVM VIO devices as well as ACPI platform | |
5001 | devices. | |
5002 | ||
5003 | * MulticastDNS support in systemd-resolved may now be explicitly | |
5004 | enabled/disabled using the new MulticastDNS= configuration file | |
5005 | option. | |
5006 | ||
5007 | * systemd-resolved may now optionally use libidn2 instead of the libidn | |
7f7ab228 ZJS |
5008 | for processing internationalized domain names. Support for libidn2 |
5009 | should be considered experimental and should not be enabled by | |
5010 | default yet. | |
4b4da299 LP |
5011 | |
5012 | * "machinectl pull-tar" and related call may now do verification of | |
5013 | downloaded images using SUSE-style .sha256 checksum files in addition | |
5014 | to the already existing support for validating using Ubuntu-style | |
5015 | SHA256SUMS files. | |
5016 | ||
5017 | * sd-bus gained support for a new sd_bus_message_appendv() call which | |
5018 | is va_list equivalent of sd_bus_message_append(). | |
5019 | ||
5020 | * sd-boot gained support for validating images using SHIM/MOK. | |
5021 | ||
5022 | * The SMACK code learnt support for "onlycap". | |
5023 | ||
5024 | * systemd-mount --umount is now much smarter in figuring out how to | |
5025 | properly unmount a device given its mount or device path. | |
5486a31d ZJS |
5026 | |
5027 | * The code to call libnss_dns as a fallback from libnss_resolve when | |
5028 | the communication with systemd-resolved fails was removed. This | |
5029 | fallback was redundant and interfered with the [!UNAVAIL=return] | |
5030 | suffix. See nss-resolve(8) for the recommended configuration. | |
5031 | ||
9f09a95a ZJS |
5032 | * systemd-logind may now be restarted without losing state. It stores |
5033 | the file descriptors for devices it manages in the system manager | |
38d93385 | 5034 | using the FDSTORE= mechanism. Please note that further changes in |
9f09a95a ZJS |
5035 | other components may be required to make use of this (for example |
5036 | Xorg has code to listen for stops of systemd-logind and terminate | |
5037 | itself when logind is stopped or restarted, in order to avoid using | |
5038 | stale file descriptors for graphical devices, which is now | |
5039 | counterproductive and must be reverted in order for restarts of | |
5040 | systemd-logind to be safe. See | |
5041 | https://cgit.freedesktop.org/xorg/xserver/commit/?id=dc48bd653c7e101.) | |
5042 | ||
d271c5d3 | 5043 | * All kernel-install plugins are called with the environment variable |
9d8813b3 | 5044 | KERNEL_INSTALL_MACHINE_ID which is set to the machine ID given by |
d271c5d3 ZJS |
5045 | /etc/machine-id. If the machine ID could not be determined, |
5046 | $KERNEL_INSTALL_MACHINE_ID will be empty. Plugins should not put | |
5047 | anything in the entry directory (passed as the second argument) if | |
5238e957 | 5048 | $KERNEL_INSTALL_MACHINE_ID is empty. For backwards compatibility, a |
d271c5d3 ZJS |
5049 | temporary directory is passed as the entry directory and removed |
5050 | after all the plugins exit. | |
9d8813b3 | 5051 | |
184d2c15 | 5052 | Contributions from: Adrian Heine né Lang, Aggelos Avgerinos, Alexander |
ac172e52 LP |
5053 | Kurtz, Alexandros Frantzis, Alexey Brodkin, Alex Lu, Amir Pakdel, Amir |
5054 | Yalon, Anchor Cat, Anthony Parsons, Bastien Nocera, Benjamin Gilbert, | |
5055 | Benjamin Robin, Boucman, Charles Plessy, Chris Chiu, Chris Lamb, | |
5056 | Christian Brauner, Christian Hesse, Colin Walters, Daniel Drake, | |
184d2c15 LP |
5057 | Danielle Church, Daniel Molkentin, Daniel Rusek, Daniel Wang, Davide |
5058 | Cavalca, David Herrmann, David Michael, Dax Kelson, Dimitri John | |
5059 | Ledkov, Djalal Harouni, Dušan Kazik, Elias Probst, Evgeny Vereshchagin, | |
5060 | Federico Di Pierro, Felipe Sateler, Felix Zhang, Franck Bui, Gary | |
ac172e52 LP |
5061 | Tierney, George McCollister, Giedrius Statkevičius, Hans de Goede, |
5062 | hecke, Hendrik Westerberg, Hristo Venev, Ian Wienand, Insun Pyo, Ivan | |
5063 | Shapovalov, James Cowgill, James Hemsing, Janne Heß, Jan Synacek, Jason | |
5064 | Reeder, João Paulo Rechi Vita, John Paul Adrian Glaubitz, Jörg | |
5065 | Thalheim, Josef Andersson, Josef Gajdusek, Julian Mehne, Kai Krakow, | |
5066 | Krzysztof Jackiewicz, Lars Karlitski, Lennart Poettering, Lluís Gili, | |
5067 | Lucas Werkmeister, Lukáš Nykrýn, Łukasz Stelmach, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
5068 | Marcin Bachry, Marcus Cooper, Mark Stosberg, Martin Pitt, Matija Skala, | |
5069 | Matt Clarkson, Matthew Garrett, Matthias Greiner, Matthijs van Duin, | |
5070 | Max Resch, Michael Biebl, Michal Koutný, Michal Sekletar, Michal | |
5071 | Soltys, Michal Suchanek, Mike Gilbert, Nate Clark, Nathaniel R. Lewis, | |
5072 | Neil Brown, Nikolai Kondrashov, Pascal S. de Kloe, Pat Riehecky, Patrik | |
5073 | Flykt, Paul Kocialkowski, Peter Hutterer, Philip Withnall, Piotr | |
5074 | Szydełko, Rafael Fontenelle, Ray Strode, Richard Maw, Roelf Wichertjes, | |
5075 | Ronny Chevalier, Sarang S. Dalal, Sjoerd Simons, slodki, Stefan | |
5076 | Schweter, Susant Sahani, Ted Wood, Thomas Blume, Thomas Haller, Thomas | |
184d2c15 LP |
5077 | H. P. Andersen, Timothée Ravier, Tobias Jungel, Tobias Stoeckmann, Tom |
5078 | Gundersen, Tom Yan, Torstein Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, | |
ac172e52 LP |
5079 | userwithuid, Vito Caputo, Waldemar Brodkorb, WaLyong Cho, Yu, Li-Yu, |
5080 | Yusuke Nojima, Yu Watanabe, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Дамјан | |
5081 | Георгиевски | |
4b4da299 | 5082 | |
ac172e52 | 5083 | — Berlin, 2017-07-12 |
4b4da299 | 5084 | |
a2b53448 | 5085 | CHANGES WITH 233: |
d08ee7cb | 5086 | |
23eb30b3 ZJS |
5087 | * The "hybrid" control group mode has been modified to improve |
5088 | compatibility with "legacy" cgroups-v1 setups. Specifically, the | |
5089 | "hybrid" setup of /sys/fs/cgroup is now pretty much identical to | |
5090 | "legacy" (including /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd as "name=systemd" named | |
5091 | cgroups-v1 hierarchy), the only externally visible change being that | |
5092 | the cgroups-v2 hierarchy is also mounted, to | |
5093 | /sys/fs/cgroup/unified. This should provide a large degree of | |
5094 | compatibility with "legacy" cgroups-v1, while taking benefit of the | |
5095 | better management capabilities of cgroups-v2. | |
5096 | ||
5097 | * The default control group setup mode may be selected both a boot-time | |
5098 | via a set of kernel command line parameters (specifically: | |
5099 | systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy= and | |
5100 | systemd.legacy_systemd_cgroup_controller=), as well as a compile-time | |
5101 | default selected on the configure command line | |
5102 | (--with-default-hierarchy=). The upstream default is "hybrid" | |
5103 | (i.e. the cgroups-v1 + cgroups-v2 mixture discussed above) now, but | |
5104 | this will change in a future systemd version to be "unified" (pure | |
5105 | cgroups-v2 mode). The third option for the compile time option is | |
5106 | "legacy", to enter pure cgroups-v1 mode. We recommend downstream | |
5107 | distributions to default to "hybrid" mode for release distributions, | |
5108 | starting with v233. We recommend "unified" for development | |
5109 | distributions (specifically: distributions such as Fedora's rawhide) | |
5110 | as that's where things are headed in the long run. Use "legacy" for | |
5111 | greatest stability and compatibility only. | |
5112 | ||
5113 | * Note one current limitation of "unified" and "hybrid" control group | |
5114 | setup modes: the kernel currently does not permit the systemd --user | |
5115 | instance (i.e. unprivileged code) to migrate processes between two | |
5116 | disconnected cgroup subtrees, even if both are managed and owned by | |
5117 | the user. This effectively means "systemd-run --user --scope" doesn't | |
5118 | work when invoked from outside of any "systemd --user" service or | |
5119 | scope. Specifically, it is not supported from session scopes. We are | |
5120 | working on fixing this in a future systemd version. (See #3388 for | |
5121 | further details about this.) | |
5122 | ||
fb7c4eff MG |
5123 | * DBus policy files are now installed into /usr rather than /etc. Make |
5124 | sure your system has dbus >= 1.9.18 running before upgrading to this | |
5125 | version, or override the install path with --with-dbuspolicydir= . | |
5126 | ||
23eb30b3 ZJS |
5127 | * All python scripts shipped with systemd (specifically: the various |
5128 | tests written in Python) now require Python 3. | |
5129 | ||
d60c5270 | 5130 | * systemd unit tests can now run standalone (without the source or |
4dfe64f8 ZJS |
5131 | build directories), and can be installed into /usr/lib/systemd/tests/ |
5132 | with 'make install-tests'. | |
5133 | ||
23eb30b3 ZJS |
5134 | * Note that from this version on, CONFIG_CRYPTO_USER_API_HASH, |
5135 | CONFIG_CRYPTO_HMAC and CONFIG_CRYPTO_SHA256 need to be enabled in the | |
5136 | kernel. | |
5137 | ||
5138 | * Support for the %c, %r, %R specifiers in unit files has been | |
5139 | removed. Specifiers are not supposed to be dependent on configuration | |
5140 | in the unit file itself (so that they resolve the same regardless | |
5141 | where used in the unit files), but these specifiers were influenced | |
5142 | by the Slice= option. | |
5143 | ||
5cfc0a84 LP |
5144 | * The shell invoked by debug-shell.service now defaults to /bin/sh in |
5145 | all cases. If distributions want to use a different shell for this | |
5146 | purpose (for example Fedora's /sbin/sushell) they need to specify | |
5147 | this explicitly at configure time using --with-debug-shell=. | |
5148 | ||
2bcc3309 FB |
5149 | * The confirmation spawn prompt has been reworked to offer the |
5150 | following choices: | |
5151 | ||
b0eb2944 | 5152 | (c)ontinue, proceed without asking anymore |
dd6f9ac0 | 5153 | (D)ump, show the state of the unit |
2bcc3309 | 5154 | (f)ail, don't execute the command and pretend it failed |
d172b175 | 5155 | (h)elp |
eedf223a | 5156 | (i)nfo, show a short summary of the unit |
56fde33a | 5157 | (j)obs, show jobs that are in progress |
2bcc3309 FB |
5158 | (s)kip, don't execute the command and pretend it succeeded |
5159 | (y)es, execute the command | |
5160 | ||
5161 | The 'n' choice for the confirmation spawn prompt has been removed, | |
5162 | because its meaning was confusing. | |
5163 | ||
d08ee7cb LP |
5164 | The prompt may now also be redirected to an alternative console by |
5165 | specifying the console as parameter to systemd.confirm_spawn=. | |
5166 | ||
8e458bfe JW |
5167 | * Services of Type=notify require a READY=1 notification to be sent |
5168 | during startup. If no such message is sent, the service now fails, | |
5169 | even if the main process exited with a successful exit code. | |
5170 | ||
85266f9b LP |
5171 | * Services that fail to start up correctly now always have their |
5172 | ExecStopPost= commands executed. Previously, they'd enter "failed" | |
5173 | state directly, without executing these commands. | |
5174 | ||
baf32786 MP |
5175 | * The option MulticastDNS= of network configuration files has acquired |
5176 | an actual implementation. With MulticastDNS=yes a host can resolve | |
23eb30b3 | 5177 | names of remote hosts and reply to mDNS A and AAAA requests. |
fa8b4499 | 5178 | |
631b676b LP |
5179 | * When units are about to be started an additional check is now done to |
5180 | ensure that all dependencies of type BindsTo= (when used in | |
5181 | combination with After=) have been started. | |
5182 | ||
d08ee7cb LP |
5183 | * systemd-analyze gained a new verb "syscall-filter" which shows which |
5184 | system call groups are defined for the SystemCallFilter= unit file | |
23eb30b3 | 5185 | setting, and which system calls they contain. |
d08ee7cb LP |
5186 | |
5187 | * A new system call filter group "@filesystem" has been added, | |
23eb30b3 | 5188 | consisting of various file system related system calls. Group |
d08ee7cb | 5189 | "@reboot" has been added, covering reboot, kexec and shutdown related |
23eb30b3 | 5190 | calls. Finally, group "@swap" has been added covering swap |
d08ee7cb LP |
5191 | configuration related calls. |
5192 | ||
5193 | * A new unit file option RestrictNamespaces= has been added that may be | |
5194 | used to restrict access to the various process namespace types the | |
5195 | Linux kernel provides. Specifically, it may be used to take away the | |
23eb30b3 ZJS |
5196 | right for a service unit to create additional file system, network, |
5197 | user, and other namespaces. This sandboxing option is particularly | |
5198 | relevant due to the high amount of recently discovered namespacing | |
5199 | related vulnerabilities in the kernel. | |
d08ee7cb | 5200 | |
23eb30b3 ZJS |
5201 | * systemd-udev's .link files gained support for a new AutoNegotiation= |
5202 | setting for configuring Ethernet auto-negotiation. | |
d08ee7cb LP |
5203 | |
5204 | * systemd-networkd's .network files gained support for a new | |
5205 | ListenPort= setting in the [DHCP] section to explicitly configure the | |
5206 | UDP client port the DHCP client shall listen on. | |
5207 | ||
23eb30b3 ZJS |
5208 | * .network files gained a new Unmanaged= boolean setting for explicitly |
5209 | excluding one or more interfaces from management by systemd-networkd. | |
5210 | ||
5211 | * The systemd-networkd ProxyARP= option has been renamed to | |
5212 | IPV4ProxyARP=. Similarly, VXLAN-specific option ARPProxy= has been | |
5213 | renamed to ReduceARPProxy=. The old names continue to be available | |
5214 | for compatibility. | |
5215 | ||
5216 | * systemd-networkd gained support for configuring IPv6 Proxy NDP | |
5217 | addresses via the new IPv6ProxyNDPAddress= .network file setting. | |
5218 | ||
5219 | * systemd-networkd's bonding device support gained support for two new | |
5220 | configuration options ActiveSlave= and PrimarySlave=. | |
5221 | ||
5222 | * The various options in the [Match] section of .network files gained | |
5223 | support for negative matching. | |
5224 | ||
d08ee7cb LP |
5225 | * New systemd-specific mount options are now understood in /etc/fstab: |
5226 | ||
5227 | x-systemd.mount-timeout= may be used to configure the maximum | |
5228 | permitted runtime of the mount command. | |
5229 | ||
5230 | x-systemd.device-bound may be set to bind a mount point to its | |
5231 | backing device unit, in order to automatically remove a mount point | |
5232 | if its backing device is unplugged. This option may also be | |
5233 | configured through the new SYSTEMD_MOUNT_DEVICE_BOUND udev property | |
5234 | on the block device, which is now automatically set for all CDROM | |
5235 | drives, so that mounted CDs are automatically unmounted when they are | |
5236 | removed from the drive. | |
5237 | ||
23eb30b3 ZJS |
5238 | x-systemd.after= and x-systemd.before= may be used to explicitly |
5239 | order a mount after or before another unit or mount point. | |
d08ee7cb LP |
5240 | |
5241 | * Enqueued start jobs for device units are now automatically garbage | |
5242 | collected if there are no jobs waiting for them anymore. | |
5243 | ||
23eb30b3 ZJS |
5244 | * systemctl list-jobs gained two new switches: with --after, for every |
5245 | queued job the jobs it's waiting for are shown; with --before the | |
5246 | jobs which it's blocking are shown. | |
d08ee7cb LP |
5247 | |
5248 | * systemd-nspawn gained support for ephemeral boots from disk images | |
5249 | (or in other words: --ephemeral and --image= may now be | |
5250 | combined). Moreover, ephemeral boots are now supported for normal | |
5251 | directories, even if the backing file system is not btrfs. Of course, | |
baf32786 MP |
5252 | if the file system does not support file system snapshots or |
5253 | reflinks, the initial copy operation will be relatively expensive, but | |
5254 | this should still be suitable for many use cases. | |
d08ee7cb LP |
5255 | |
5256 | * Calendar time specifications in .timer units now support | |
5257 | specifications relative to the end of a month by using "~" instead of | |
5258 | "-" as separator between month and day. For example, "*-02~03" means | |
23eb30b3 | 5259 | "the third last day in February". In addition a new syntax for |
d08ee7cb LP |
5260 | repeated events has been added using the "/" character. For example, |
5261 | "9..17/2:00" means "every two hours from 9am to 5pm". | |
5262 | ||
5263 | * systemd-socket-proxyd gained a new parameter --connections-max= for | |
5264 | configuring the maximum number of concurrent connections. | |
5265 | ||
23eb30b3 ZJS |
5266 | * sd-id128 gained a new API for generating unique IDs for the host in a |
5267 | way that does not leak the machine ID. Specifically, | |
d08ee7cb | 5268 | sd_id128_get_machine_app_specific() derives an ID based on the |
baf32786 | 5269 | machine ID a in well-defined, non-reversible, stable way. This is |
d08ee7cb LP |
5270 | useful whenever an identifier for the host is needed but where the |
5271 | identifier shall not be useful to identify the system beyond the | |
5272 | scope of the application itself. (Internally this uses HMAC-SHA256 as | |
5273 | keyed hash function using the machine ID as input.) | |
5274 | ||
5275 | * NotifyAccess= gained a new supported value "exec". When set | |
5276 | notifications are accepted from all processes systemd itself invoked, | |
5277 | including all control processes. | |
5278 | ||
5279 | * .nspawn files gained support for defining overlay mounts using the | |
5280 | Overlay= and OverlayReadOnly= options. Previously this functionality | |
5281 | was only available on the systemd-nspawn command line. | |
5282 | ||
5283 | * systemd-nspawn's --bind= and --overlay= options gained support for | |
5284 | bind/overlay mounts whose source lies within the container tree by | |
5285 | prefixing the source path with "+". | |
5286 | ||
5287 | * systemd-nspawn's --bind= and --overlay= options gained support for | |
5288 | automatically allocating a temporary source directory in /var/tmp | |
5289 | that is removed when the container dies. Specifically, if the source | |
5290 | directory is specified as empty string this mechanism is selected. An | |
5291 | example usage is --overlay=+/var::/var, which creates an overlay | |
86b52a39 | 5292 | mount based on the original /var contained in the image, overlaid |
d08ee7cb LP |
5293 | with a temporary directory in the host's /var/tmp. This way changes |
5294 | to /var are automatically flushed when the container shuts down. | |
5295 | ||
baf32786 MP |
5296 | * systemd-nspawn --image= option does now permit raw file system block |
5297 | devices (in addition to images containing partition tables, as | |
5298 | before). | |
d08ee7cb LP |
5299 | |
5300 | * The disk image dissection logic in systemd-nspawn gained support for | |
5301 | automatically setting up LUKS encrypted as well as Verity protected | |
5302 | partitions. When a container is booted from an encrypted image the | |
5303 | passphrase is queried at start-up time. When a container with Verity | |
5304 | data is started, the root hash is search in a ".roothash" file | |
5305 | accompanying the disk image (alternatively, pass the root hash via | |
5306 | the new --root-hash= command line option). | |
5307 | ||
5308 | * A new tool /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-dissect has been added that may | |
5309 | be used to dissect disk images the same way as systemd-nspawn does | |
5310 | it, following the Bootable Partition Specification. It may even be | |
5311 | used to mount disk images with complex partition setups (including | |
5312 | LUKS and Verity partitions) to a local host directory, in order to | |
5313 | inspect them. This tool is not considered public API (yet), and is | |
5314 | thus not installed into /usr/bin. Please do not rely on its | |
3b31c466 | 5315 | existence, since it might go away or be changed in later systemd |
d08ee7cb LP |
5316 | versions. |
5317 | ||
5318 | * A new generator "systemd-verity-generator" has been added, similar in | |
baf32786 | 5319 | style to "systemd-cryptsetup-generator", permitting automatic setup of |
d08ee7cb LP |
5320 | Verity root partitions when systemd boots up. In order to make use of |
5321 | this your partition setup should follow the Discoverable Partitions | |
5322 | Specification, and the GPT partition ID of the root file system | |
5323 | partition should be identical to the upper 128bit of the Verity root | |
5324 | hash. The GPT partition ID of the Verity partition protecting it | |
5325 | should be the lower 128bit of the Verity root hash. If the partition | |
5326 | image follows this model it is sufficient to specify a single | |
5327 | "roothash=" kernel command line argument to both configure which root | |
5328 | image and verity partition to use as well as the root hash for | |
5329 | it. Note that systemd-nspawn's Verity support follows the same | |
5330 | semantics, meaning that disk images with proper Verity data in place | |
5331 | may be booted in containers with systemd-nspawn as well as on | |
5332 | physical systems via the verity generator. Also note that the "mkosi" | |
5333 | tool available at https://github.com/systemd/mkosi has been updated | |
5334 | to generate Verity protected disk images following this scheme. In | |
5335 | fact, it has been updated to generate disk images that optionally | |
5336 | implement a complete UEFI SecureBoot trust chain, involving a signed | |
5337 | kernel and initrd image that incorporates such a root hash as well as | |
5338 | a Verity-enabled root partition. | |
5339 | ||
d08ee7cb LP |
5340 | * The hardware database (hwdb) udev supports has been updated to carry |
5341 | accelerometer quirks. | |
5342 | ||
5343 | * All system services are now run with a fresh kernel keyring set up | |
5344 | for them. The invocation ID is stored by default in it, thus | |
5345 | providing a safe, non-overridable way to determine the invocation | |
5346 | ID of each service. | |
5347 | ||
5348 | * Service unit files gained new BindPaths= and BindReadOnlyPaths= | |
5349 | options for bind mounting arbitrary paths in a service-specific | |
5350 | way. When these options are used, arbitrary host or service files and | |
5351 | directories may be mounted to arbitrary locations in the service's | |
5352 | view. | |
5353 | ||
5354 | * Documentation has been added that lists all of systemd's low-level | |
5355 | environment variables: | |
5356 | ||
a8a27374 | 5357 | https://github.com/systemd/systemd/blob/master/docs/ENVIRONMENT.md |
d08ee7cb LP |
5358 | |
5359 | * sd-daemon gained a new API sd_is_socket_sockaddr() for determining | |
5360 | whether a specific socket file descriptor matches a specified socket | |
5361 | address. | |
5362 | ||
5363 | * systemd-firstboot has been updated to check for the | |
5364 | systemd.firstboot= kernel command line option. It accepts a boolean | |
5365 | and when set to false the first boot questions are skipped. | |
5366 | ||
d08ee7cb | 5367 | * systemd-fstab-generator has been updated to check for the |
23eb30b3 ZJS |
5368 | systemd.volatile= kernel command line option, which either takes an |
5369 | optional boolean parameter or the special value "state". If used the | |
5370 | system may be booted in a "volatile" boot mode. Specifically, | |
5371 | "systemd.volatile" is used, the root directory will be mounted as | |
d08ee7cb | 5372 | tmpfs, and only /usr is mounted from the actual root file system. If |
23eb30b3 ZJS |
5373 | "systemd.volatile=state" is used, the root directory will be mounted |
5374 | as usual, but /var is mounted as tmpfs. This concept provides similar | |
d08ee7cb LP |
5375 | functionality as systemd-nspawn's --volatile= option, but provides it |
5376 | on physical boots. Use this option for implementing stateless | |
5377 | systems, or testing systems with all state and/or configuration reset | |
5378 | to the defaults. (Note though that many distributions are not | |
23eb30b3 | 5379 | prepared to boot up without a populated /etc or /var, though.) |
d08ee7cb LP |
5380 | |
5381 | * systemd-gpt-auto-generator gained support for LUKS encrypted root | |
5382 | partitions. Previously it only supported LUKS encrypted partitions | |
5383 | for all other uses, except for the root partition itself. | |
5384 | ||
5385 | * Socket units gained support for listening on AF_VSOCK sockets for | |
5386 | communication in virtualized QEMU environments. | |
5387 | ||
5388 | * The "configure" script gained a new option --with-fallback-hostname= | |
5389 | for specifying the fallback hostname to use if none is configured in | |
5390 | /etc/hostname. For example, by specifying | |
5391 | --with-fallback-hostname=fedora it is possible to default to a | |
23eb30b3 | 5392 | hostname of "fedora" on pristine installations. |
d08ee7cb LP |
5393 | |
5394 | * systemd-cgls gained support for a new --unit= switch for listing only | |
5395 | the control groups of a specific unit. Similar --user-unit= has been | |
5396 | added for listing only the control groups of a specific user unit. | |
5397 | ||
5398 | * systemd-mount gained a new --umount switch for unmounting a mount or | |
5399 | automount point (and all mount/automount points below it). | |
5400 | ||
5401 | * systemd will now refuse full configuration reloads (via systemctl | |
5402 | daemon-reload and related calls) unless at least 16MiB of free space | |
5403 | are available in /run. This is a safety precaution in order to ensure | |
5404 | that generators can safely operate after the reload completed. | |
5405 | ||
5406 | * A new unit file option RootImage= has been added, which has a similar | |
5407 | effect as RootDirectory= but mounts the service's root directory from | |
5408 | a disk image instead of plain directory. This logic reuses the same | |
5409 | image dissection and mount logic that systemd-nspawn already uses, | |
5410 | and hence supports any disk images systemd-nspawn supports, including | |
5411 | those following the Discoverable Partition Specification, as well as | |
5412 | Verity enabled images. This option enables systemd to run system | |
5413 | services directly off disk images acting as resource bundles, | |
5414 | possibly even including full integrity data. | |
5415 | ||
5416 | * A new MountAPIVFS= unit file option has been added, taking a boolean | |
baf32786 | 5417 | argument. If enabled /proc, /sys and /dev (collectively called the |
d08ee7cb LP |
5418 | "API VFS") will be mounted for the service. This is only relevant if |
5419 | RootDirectory= or RootImage= is used for the service, as these mounts | |
5420 | are of course in place in the host mount namespace anyway. | |
5421 | ||
5422 | * systemd-nspawn gained support for a new --pivot-root= switch. If | |
5423 | specified the root directory within the container image is pivoted to | |
5424 | the specified mount point, while the original root disk is moved to a | |
5425 | different place. This option enables booting of ostree images | |
5426 | directly with systemd-nspawn. | |
5427 | ||
d08ee7cb | 5428 | * The systemd build scripts will no longer complain if the NTP server |
23eb30b3 | 5429 | addresses are not changed from the defaults. Google now supports |
d08ee7cb LP |
5430 | these NTP servers officially. We still recommend downstreams to |
5431 | properly register an NTP pool with the NTP pool project though. | |
5432 | ||
c1ec34d1 | 5433 | * coredumpctl gained a new "--reverse" option for printing the list |
d08ee7cb LP |
5434 | of coredumps in reverse order. |
5435 | ||
23eb30b3 ZJS |
5436 | * coredumpctl will now show additional information about truncated and |
5437 | inaccessible coredumps, as well as coredumps that are still being | |
5438 | processed. It also gained a new --quiet switch for suppressing | |
5439 | additional informational message in its output. | |
5440 | ||
5441 | * coredumpctl gained support for only showing coredumps newer and/or | |
5442 | older than specific timestamps, using the new --since= and --until= | |
5443 | options, reminiscent of journalctl's options by the same name. | |
5444 | ||
d08ee7cb | 5445 | * The systemd-coredump logic has been improved so that it may be reused |
23eb30b3 | 5446 | to collect backtraces in non-compiled languages, for example in |
d08ee7cb LP |
5447 | scripting languages such as Python. |
5448 | ||
5449 | * machinectl will now show the UID shift of local containers, if user | |
5450 | namespacing is enabled for them. | |
5451 | ||
baf32786 | 5452 | * systemd will now optionally run "environment generator" binaries at |
d08ee7cb LP |
5453 | configuration load time. They may be used to add environment |
5454 | variables to the environment block passed to services invoked. One | |
baf32786 | 5455 | user environment generator is shipped by default that sets up |
23eb30b3 ZJS |
5456 | environment variables based on files dropped into /etc/environment.d |
5457 | and ~/.config/environment.d/. | |
d08ee7cb | 5458 | |
a2b53448 LP |
5459 | * systemd-resolved now includes the new, recently published 2017 DNSSEC |
5460 | root key (KSK). | |
5461 | ||
a2b53448 LP |
5462 | * hostnamed has been updated to report a new chassis type of |
5463 | "convertible" to cover "foldable" laptops that can both act as a | |
5464 | tablet and as a laptop, such as various Lenovo Yoga devices. | |
5465 | ||
d08ee7cb LP |
5466 | Contributions from: Adrián López, Alexander Galanin, Alexander |
5467 | Kochetkov, Alexandros Frantzis, Andrey Ulanov, Antoine Eiche, Baruch | |
5468 | Siach, Bastien Nocera, Benjamin Robin, Björn, Brandon Philips, Cédric | |
5469 | Schieli, Charles (Chas) Williams, Christian Hesse, Daniele Medri, | |
5470 | Daniel Drake, Daniel Rusek, Daniel Wagner, Dan Streetman, Dave Reisner, | |
5471 | David Glasser, David Herrmann, David Michael, Djalal Harouni, Dmitry | |
5472 | Khlebnikov, Dmitry Rozhkov, Dongsu Park, Douglas Christman, Earnestly, | |
5473 | Emil Soleyman, Eric Cook, Evgeny Vereshchagin, Felipe Sateler, Fionn | |
5474 | Cleary, Florian Klink, Francesco Brozzu, Franck Bui, Gabriel Rauter, | |
a2b53448 LP |
5475 | Gianluca Boiano, Giedrius Statkevičius, Graeme Lawes, Hans de Goede, |
5476 | Harald Hoyer, Ian Kelling, Ivan Shapovalov, Jakub Wilk, Janne Heß, Jan | |
5477 | Synacek, Jason Reeder, Jonathan Boulle, Jörg Thalheim, Jouke Witteveen, | |
5478 | Karl Kraus, Kees Cook, Keith Busch, Kieran Colford, kilian-k, Lennart | |
5479 | Poettering, Lubomir Rintel, Lucas Werkmeister, Lukas Rusak, Maarten de | |
5480 | Vries, Maks Naumov, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc-Andre Lureau, Marcin Bachry, | |
5481 | Mark Stosberg, Martin Ejdestig, Martin Pitt, Mauricio Faria de | |
5482 | Oliveira, micah, Michael Biebl, Michael Shields, Michal Schmidt, Michal | |
5483 | Sekletar, Michel Kraus, Mike Gilbert, Mikko Ylinen, Mirza Krak, | |
5484 | Namhyung Kim, nikolaof, peoronoob, Peter Hutterer, Peter Körner, Philip | |
5485 | Withnall, Piotr Drąg, Ray Strode, Reverend Homer, Rike-Benjamin | |
5486 | Schuppner, Robert Kreuzer, Ronny Chevalier, Ruslan Bilovol, sammynx, | |
5487 | Sergey Ptashnick, Sergiusz Urbaniak, Stefan Berger, Stefan Hajnoczi, | |
5488 | Stefan Schweter, Stuart McLaren, Susant Sahani, Sylvain Plantefève, | |
5489 | Taylor Smock, Tejun Heo, Thomas Blume, Thomas H. P. Andersen, Tibor | |
5490 | Nagy, Tobias Stoeckmann, Tom Gundersen, Torstein Husebø, Viktar | |
5491 | Vaŭčkievič, Viktor Mihajlovski, Vitaly Sulimov, Waldemar Brodkorb, | |
5492 | Walter Garcia-Fontes, Wim de With, Yassine Imounachen, Yi EungJun, | |
5493 | YunQiang Su, Yu Watanabe, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Александр | |
5494 | Тихонов | |
5495 | ||
5496 | — Berlin, 2017-03-01 | |
d08ee7cb | 5497 | |
54b24597 | 5498 | CHANGES WITH 232: |
76153ad4 | 5499 | |
05f426d2 LP |
5500 | * udev now runs with MemoryDenyWriteExecute=, RestrictRealtime= and |
5501 | RestrictAddressFamilies= enabled. These sandboxing options should | |
5502 | generally be compatible with the various external udev call-out | |
5503 | binaries we are aware of, however there may be exceptions, in | |
5504 | particular when exotic languages for these call-outs are used. In | |
5505 | this case, consider turning off these settings locally. | |
5506 | ||
4ffe2479 ZJS |
5507 | * The new RemoveIPC= option can be used to remove IPC objects owned by |
5508 | the user or group of a service when that service exits. | |
5509 | ||
6fa44114 | 5510 | * The new ProtectKernelModules= option can be used to disable explicit |
4c37970d LP |
5511 | load and unload operations of kernel modules by a service. In |
5512 | addition access to /usr/lib/modules is removed if this option is set. | |
6fa44114 | 5513 | |
4a77c53d ZJS |
5514 | * ProtectSystem= option gained a new value "strict", which causes the |
5515 | whole file system tree with the exception of /dev, /proc, and /sys, | |
5516 | to be remounted read-only for a service. | |
5517 | ||
e49e2c25 | 5518 | * The new ProtectKernelTunables= option can be used to disable |
4a77c53d ZJS |
5519 | modification of configuration files in /sys and /proc by a service. |
5520 | Various directories and files are remounted read-only, so access is | |
5521 | restricted even if the file permissions would allow it. | |
5522 | ||
6fa44114 | 5523 | * The new ProtectControlGroups= option can be used to disable write |
4a77c53d ZJS |
5524 | access by a service to /sys/fs/cgroup. |
5525 | ||
5526 | * Various systemd services have been hardened with | |
5527 | ProtectKernelTunables=yes, ProtectControlGroups=yes, | |
5528 | RestrictAddressFamilies=. | |
5529 | ||
4ffe2479 ZJS |
5530 | * Support for dynamically creating users for the lifetime of a service |
5531 | has been added. If DynamicUser=yes is specified, user and group IDs | |
1d3a473b | 5532 | will be allocated from the range 61184…65519 for the lifetime of the |
4ffe2479 ZJS |
5533 | service. They can be resolved using the new nss-systemd.so NSS |
5534 | module. The module must be enabled in /etc/nsswitch.conf. Services | |
5535 | started in this way have PrivateTmp= and RemoveIPC= enabled, so that | |
5536 | any resources allocated by the service will be cleaned up when the | |
4a77c53d ZJS |
5537 | service exits. They also have ProtectHome=read-only and |
5538 | ProtectSystem=strict enabled, so they are not able to make any | |
5539 | permanent modifications to the system. | |
4ffe2479 | 5540 | |
171ae2cd | 5541 | * The nss-systemd module also always resolves root and nobody, making |
4ffe2479 | 5542 | it possible to have no /etc/passwd or /etc/group files in minimal |
171ae2cd | 5543 | container or chroot environments. |
4ffe2479 ZJS |
5544 | |
5545 | * Services may be started with their own user namespace using the new | |
171ae2cd LP |
5546 | boolean PrivateUsers= option. Only root, nobody, and the uid/gid |
5547 | under which the service is running are mapped. All other users are | |
5548 | mapped to nobody. | |
4ffe2479 ZJS |
5549 | |
5550 | * Support for the cgroup namespace has been added to systemd-nspawn. If | |
5551 | supported by kernel, the container system started by systemd-nspawn | |
5552 | will have its own view of the cgroup hierarchy. This new behaviour | |
5553 | can be disabled using $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_USE_CGNS environment variable. | |
5554 | ||
5555 | * The new MemorySwapMax= option can be used to limit the maximum swap | |
5556 | usage under the unified cgroup hierarchy. | |
5557 | ||
5558 | * Support for the CPU controller in the unified cgroup hierarchy has | |
5559 | been added, via the CPUWeight=, CPUStartupWeight=, CPUAccounting= | |
5560 | options. This controller requires out-of-tree patches for the kernel | |
5561 | and the support is provisional. | |
5562 | ||
171ae2cd LP |
5563 | * Mount and automount units may now be created transiently |
5564 | (i.e. dynamically at runtime via the bus API, instead of requiring | |
5565 | unit files in the file system). | |
5566 | ||
5567 | * systemd-mount is a new tool which may mount file systems – much like | |
5568 | mount(8), optionally pulling in additional dependencies through | |
5569 | transient .mount and .automount units. For example, this tool | |
5570 | automatically runs fsck on a backing block device before mounting, | |
5571 | and allows the automount logic to be used dynamically from the | |
5572 | command line for establishing mount points. This tool is particularly | |
5573 | useful when dealing with removable media, as it will ensure fsck is | |
5574 | run – if necessary – before the first access and that the file system | |
5575 | is quickly unmounted after each access by utilizing the automount | |
5576 | logic. This maximizes the chance that the file system on the | |
5577 | removable media stays in a clean state, and if it isn't in a clean | |
5578 | state is fixed automatically. | |
4ffe2479 ZJS |
5579 | |
5580 | * LazyUnmount=yes option for mount units has been added to expose the | |
5581 | umount --lazy option. Similarly, ForceUnmount=yes exposes the --force | |
5582 | option. | |
5583 | ||
5584 | * /efi will be used as the mount point of the EFI boot partition, if | |
5585 | the directory is present, and the mount point was not configured | |
5586 | through other means (e.g. fstab). If /efi directory does not exist, | |
5587 | /boot will be used as before. This makes it easier to automatically | |
5588 | mount the EFI partition on systems where /boot is used for something | |
5589 | else. | |
5590 | ||
171ae2cd LP |
5591 | * When operating on GPT disk images for containers, systemd-nspawn will |
5592 | now mount the ESP to /boot or /efi according to the same rules as PID | |
5593 | 1 running on a host. This allows tools like "bootctl" to operate | |
5594 | correctly within such containers, in order to make container images | |
5595 | bootable on physical systems. | |
5596 | ||
4a77c53d | 5597 | * disk/by-id and disk/by-path symlinks are now created for NVMe drives. |
4ffe2479 ZJS |
5598 | |
5599 | * Two new user session targets have been added to support running | |
5600 | graphical sessions under the systemd --user instance: | |
5601 | graphical-session.target and graphical-session-pre.target. See | |
5602 | systemd.special(7) for a description of how those targets should be | |
5603 | used. | |
5604 | ||
5605 | * The vconsole initialization code has been significantly reworked to | |
d4c08299 | 5606 | use KD_FONT_OP_GET/SET ioctls instead of KD_FONT_OP_COPY and better |
4ffe2479 ZJS |
5607 | support unicode keymaps. Font and keymap configuration will now be |
5608 | copied to all allocated virtual consoles. | |
5609 | ||
05ecf467 | 5610 | * FreeBSD's bhyve virtualization is now detected. |
4ffe2479 | 5611 | |
d4c08299 | 5612 | * Information recorded in the journal for core dumps now includes the |
4ffe2479 ZJS |
5613 | contents of /proc/mountinfo and the command line of the process at |
5614 | the top of the process hierarchy (which is usually the init process | |
5615 | of the container). | |
5616 | ||
171ae2cd | 5617 | * systemd-journal-gatewayd learned the --directory= option to serve |
4ffe2479 ZJS |
5618 | files from the specified location. |
5619 | ||
5620 | * journalctl --root=… can be used to peruse the journal in the | |
5621 | /var/log/ directories inside of a container tree. This is similar to | |
5622 | the existing --machine= option, but does not require the container to | |
5623 | be active. | |
5624 | ||
5625 | * The hardware database has been extended to support | |
5626 | ID_INPUT_TRACKBALL, used in addition to ID_INPUT_MOUSE to identify | |
5627 | trackball devices. | |
5628 | ||
5629 | MOUSE_WHEEL_CLICK_ANGLE_HORIZONTAL hwdb property has been added to | |
5630 | specify the click rate for mice which include a horizontal wheel with | |
5631 | a click rate that is different than the one for the vertical wheel. | |
5632 | ||
5633 | * systemd-run gained a new --wait option that makes service execution | |
171ae2cd LP |
5634 | synchronous. (Specifically, the command will not return until the |
5635 | specified service binary exited.) | |
4ffe2479 | 5636 | |
171ae2cd | 5637 | * systemctl gained a new --wait option that causes the start command to |
4a77c53d ZJS |
5638 | wait until the units being started have terminated again. |
5639 | ||
171ae2cd | 5640 | * A new journal output mode "short-full" has been added which displays |
4ffe2479 | 5641 | timestamps with abbreviated English day names and adds a timezone |
171ae2cd LP |
5642 | suffix. Those timestamps include more information than the default |
5643 | "short" output mode, and can be passed directly to journalctl's | |
5644 | --since= and --until= options. | |
4ffe2479 ZJS |
5645 | |
5646 | * /etc/resolv.conf will be bind-mounted into containers started by | |
5647 | systemd-nspawn, if possible, so any changes to resolv.conf contents | |
5648 | are automatically propagated to the container. | |
5649 | ||
5650 | * The number of instances for socket-activated services originating | |
171ae2cd LP |
5651 | from a single IP address can be limited with |
5652 | MaxConnectionsPerSource=, extending the existing setting of | |
5653 | MaxConnections=. | |
4ffe2479 | 5654 | |
4a77c53d ZJS |
5655 | * systemd-networkd gained support for vcan ("Virtual CAN") interface |
5656 | configuration. | |
5657 | ||
5658 | * .netdev and .network configuration can now be extended through | |
5659 | drop-ins. | |
5660 | ||
4ffe2479 ZJS |
5661 | * UDP Segmentation Offload, TCP Segmentation Offload, Generic |
5662 | Segmentation Offload, Generic Receive Offload, Large Receive Offload | |
5663 | can be enabled and disabled using the new UDPSegmentationOffload=, | |
5664 | TCPSegmentationOffload=, GenericSegmentationOffload=, | |
5665 | GenericReceiveOffload=, LargeReceiveOffload= options in the | |
5666 | [Link] section of .link files. | |
5667 | ||
171ae2cd LP |
5668 | * The Spanning Tree Protocol, Priority, Aging Time, and the Default |
5669 | Port VLAN ID can be configured for bridge devices using the new STP=, | |
5670 | Priority=, AgeingTimeSec=, and DefaultPVID= settings in the [Bridge] | |
5671 | section of .netdev files. | |
4ffe2479 | 5672 | |
171ae2cd | 5673 | * The route table to which routes received over DHCP or RA should be |
4a77c53d ZJS |
5674 | added can be configured with the new RouteTable= option in the [DHCP] |
5675 | and [IPv6AcceptRA] sections of .network files. | |
5676 | ||
171ae2cd | 5677 | * The Address Resolution Protocol can be disabled on links managed by |
4ffe2479 ZJS |
5678 | systemd-networkd using the ARP=no setting in the [Link] section of |
5679 | .network files. | |
5680 | ||
171ae2cd LP |
5681 | * New environment variables $SERVICE_RESULT, $EXIT_CODE and |
5682 | $EXIT_STATUS are set for ExecStop= and ExecStopPost= commands, and | |
5683 | encode information about the result and exit codes of the current | |
5684 | service runtime cycle. | |
4ffe2479 | 5685 | |
4a77c53d | 5686 | * systemd-sysctl will now configure kernel parameters in the order |
1f4f4cf7 | 5687 | they occur in the configuration files. This matches what sysctl |
4a77c53d ZJS |
5688 | has been traditionally doing. |
5689 | ||
5690 | * kernel-install "plugins" that are executed to perform various | |
5691 | tasks after a new kernel is added and before an old one is removed | |
5692 | can now return a special value to terminate the procedure and | |
5693 | prevent any later plugins from running. | |
5694 | ||
76153ad4 | 5695 | * Journald's SplitMode=login setting has been deprecated. It has been |
d4c08299 | 5696 | removed from documentation, and its use is discouraged. In a future |
76153ad4 ZJS |
5697 | release it will be completely removed, and made equivalent to current |
5698 | default of SplitMode=uid. | |
5699 | ||
4a77c53d ZJS |
5700 | * Storage=both option setting in /etc/systemd/coredump.conf has been |
5701 | removed. With fast LZ4 compression storing the core dump twice is not | |
5702 | useful. | |
5703 | ||
4ffe2479 ZJS |
5704 | * The --share-system systemd-nspawn option has been replaced with an |
5705 | (undocumented) variable $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_SYSTEM, but the use of | |
5706 | this functionality is discouraged. In addition the variables | |
5707 | $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_NS_IPC, $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_NS_PID, | |
5708 | $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_NS_UTS may be used to control the unsharing of | |
5709 | individual namespaces. | |
5710 | ||
171ae2cd LP |
5711 | * "machinectl list" now shows the IP address of running containers in |
5712 | the output, as well as OS release information. | |
5713 | ||
5714 | * "loginctl list" now shows the TTY of each session in the output. | |
5715 | ||
5716 | * sd-bus gained new API calls sd_bus_track_set_recursive(), | |
5717 | sd_bus_track_get_recursive(), sd_bus_track_count_name(), | |
5718 | sd_bus_track_count_sender(). They permit usage of sd_bus_track peer | |
5719 | tracking objects in a "recursive" mode, where a single client can be | |
5720 | counted multiple times, if it takes multiple references. | |
5721 | ||
5722 | * sd-bus gained new API calls sd_bus_set_exit_on_disconnect() and | |
bc99dac5 | 5723 | sd_bus_get_exit_on_disconnect(). They may be used to make a |
171ae2cd LP |
5724 | process using sd-bus automatically exit if the bus connection is |
5725 | severed. | |
5726 | ||
5727 | * Bus clients of the service manager may now "pin" loaded units into | |
5728 | memory, by taking an explicit reference on them. This is useful to | |
5729 | ensure the client can retrieve runtime data about the service even | |
5730 | after the service completed execution. Taking such a reference is | |
5731 | available only for privileged clients and should be helpful to watch | |
5732 | running services in a race-free manner, and in particular collect | |
5733 | information about exit statuses and results. | |
5734 | ||
4c37970d LP |
5735 | * The nss-resolve module has been changed to strictly return UNAVAIL |
5736 | when communication via D-Bus with resolved failed, and NOTFOUND when | |
5737 | a lookup completed but was negative. This means it is now possible to | |
5738 | neatly configure fallbacks using nsswitch.conf result checking | |
5739 | expressions. Taking benefit of this, the new recommended | |
5740 | configuration line for the "hosts" entry in /etc/nsswitch.conf is: | |
5741 | ||
5742 | hosts: files mymachines resolve [!UNAVAIL=return] dns myhostname | |
5743 | ||
5744 | * A new setting CtrlAltDelBurstAction= has been added to | |
5745 | /etc/systemd/system.conf which may be used to configure the precise | |
5746 | behaviour if the user on the console presses Ctrl-Alt-Del more often | |
5747 | than 7 times in 2s. Previously this would unconditionally result in | |
5748 | an expedited, immediate reboot. With this new setting the precise | |
5749 | operation may be configured in more detail, and also turned off | |
5750 | entirely. | |
5751 | ||
5752 | * In .netdev files two new settings RemoteChecksumTx= and | |
5753 | RemoteChecksumRx= are now understood that permit configuring the | |
5754 | remote checksumming logic for VXLAN networks. | |
5755 | ||
5756 | * The service manager learnt a new "invocation ID" concept for invoked | |
5757 | services. Each runtime cycle of a service will get a new invocation | |
5758 | ID (a 128bit random UUID) assigned that identifies the current | |
5759 | run of the service uniquely and globally. A new invocation ID | |
5760 | is generated each time a service starts up. The journal will store | |
5761 | the invocation ID of a service along with any logged messages, thus | |
5762 | making the invocation ID useful for matching the online runtime of a | |
5763 | service with the offline log data it generated in a safe way without | |
5764 | relying on synchronized timestamps. In many ways this new service | |
5765 | invocation ID concept is similar to the kernel's boot ID concept that | |
5766 | uniquely and globally identifies the runtime of each boot. The | |
5767 | invocation ID of a service is passed to the service itself via an | |
5768 | environment variable ($INVOCATION_ID). A new bus call | |
5769 | GetUnitByInvocationID() has been added that is similar to GetUnit() | |
5770 | but instead of retrieving the bus path for a unit by its name | |
5771 | retrieves it by its invocation ID. The returned path is valid only as | |
5772 | long as the passed invocation ID is current. | |
5773 | ||
5774 | * systemd-resolved gained a new "DNSStubListener" setting in | |
5775 | resolved.conf. It either takes a boolean value or the special values | |
5776 | "udp" and "tcp", and configures whether to enable the stub DNS | |
5777 | listener on 127.0.0.53:53. | |
5778 | ||
5779 | * IP addresses configured via networkd may now carry additional | |
5780 | configuration settings supported by the kernel. New options include: | |
5781 | HomeAddress=, DuplicateAddressDetection=, ManageTemporaryAddress=, | |
5782 | PrefixRoute=, AutoJoin=. | |
5783 | ||
5784 | * The PAM configuration fragment file for "user@.service" shipped with | |
5785 | systemd (i.e. the --user instance of systemd) has been stripped to | |
5786 | the minimum necessary to make the system boot. Previously, it | |
5787 | contained Fedora-specific stanzas that did not apply to other | |
5788 | distributions. It is expected that downstream distributions add | |
5789 | additional configuration lines, matching their needs to this file, | |
5790 | using it only as rough template of what systemd itself needs. Note | |
5791 | that this reduced fragment does not even include an invocation of | |
5792 | pam_limits which most distributions probably want to add, even though | |
5793 | systemd itself does not need it. (There's also the new build time | |
5794 | option --with-pamconfdir=no to disable installation of the PAM | |
5795 | fragment entirely.) | |
5796 | ||
5797 | * If PrivateDevices=yes is set for a service the CAP_SYS_RAWIO | |
5798 | capability is now also dropped from its set (in addition to | |
5799 | CAP_SYS_MKNOD as before). | |
5800 | ||
5801 | * In service unit files it is now possible to connect a specific named | |
5802 | file descriptor with stdin/stdout/stdout of an executed service. The | |
5803 | name may be specified in matching .socket units using the | |
5804 | FileDescriptorName= setting. | |
5805 | ||
5806 | * A number of journal settings may now be configured on the kernel | |
5807 | command line. Specifically, the following options are now understood: | |
5808 | systemd.journald.max_level_console=, | |
5809 | systemd.journald.max_level_store=, | |
5810 | systemd.journald.max_level_syslog=, systemd.journald.max_level_kmsg=, | |
5811 | systemd.journald.max_level_wall=. | |
5812 | ||
5813 | * "systemctl is-enabled --full" will now show by which symlinks a unit | |
5814 | file is enabled in the unit dependency tree. | |
5815 | ||
b4eed568 LP |
5816 | * Support for VeraCrypt encrypted partitions has been added to the |
5817 | "cryptsetup" logic and /etc/crypttab. | |
5818 | ||
5819 | * systemd-detect-virt gained support for a new --private-users switch | |
5820 | that checks whether the invoking processes are running inside a user | |
5821 | namespace. Similar, a new special value "private-users" for the | |
5822 | existing ConditionVirtualization= setting has been added, permitting | |
5823 | skipping of specific units in user namespace environments. | |
5824 | ||
07393b6e LP |
5825 | Contributions from: Alban Crequy, Alexander Kuleshov, Alfie John, |
5826 | Andreas Henriksson, Andrew Jeddeloh, Balázs Úr, Bart Rulon, Benjamin | |
5827 | Richter, Ben Gamari, Ben Harris, Brian J. Murrell, Christian Brauner, | |
5828 | Christian Rebischke, Clinton Roy, Colin Walters, Cristian Rodríguez, | |
5829 | Daniel Hahler, Daniel Mack, Daniel Maixner, Daniel Rusek, Dan Dedrick, | |
5830 | Davide Cavalca, David Herrmann, David Michael, Dennis Wassenberg, | |
5831 | Djalal Harouni, Dongsu Park, Douglas Christman, Elias Probst, Eric | |
5832 | Cook, Erik Karlsson, Evgeny Vereshchagin, Felipe Sateler, Felix Zhang, | |
5833 | Franck Bui, George Hilliard, Giuseppe Scrivano, HATAYAMA Daisuke, | |
5834 | Heikki Kemppainen, Hendrik Brueckner, hi117, Ismo Puustinen, Ivan | |
5835 | Shapovalov, Jakub Filak, Jakub Wilk, Jan Synacek, Jason Kölker, | |
5836 | Jean-Sébastien Bour, Jiří Pírko, Jonathan Boulle, Jorge Niedbalski, | |
5837 | Keith Busch, kristbaum, Kyle Russell, Lans Zhang, Lennart Poettering, | |
5838 | Leonardo Brondani Schenkel, Lucas Werkmeister, Luca Bruno, Lukáš | |
5839 | Nykrýn, Maciek Borzecki, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc-Antoine Perennou, | |
5840 | Marcel Holtmann, Marcos Mello, Martin Ejdestig, Martin Pitt, Matej | |
5841 | Habrnal, Maxime de Roucy, Michael Biebl, Michael Chapman, Michael Hoy, | |
5842 | Michael Olbrich, Michael Pope, Michal Sekletar, Michal Soltys, Mike | |
5843 | Gilbert, Nick Owens, Patrik Flykt, Paweł Szewczyk, Peter Hutterer, | |
5844 | Piotr Drąg, Reid Price, Richard W.M. Jones, Roman Stingler, Ronny | |
5845 | Chevalier, Seraphime Kirkovski, Stefan Schweter, Steve Muir, Susant | |
5846 | Sahani, Tejun Heo, Thomas Blume, Thomas H. P. Andersen, Tiago Levit, | |
5847 | Tobias Jungel, Tomáš Janoušek, Topi Miettinen, Torstein Husebø, Umut | |
5848 | Tezduyar Lindskog, Vito Caputo, WaLyong Cho, Wilhelm Schuster, Yann | |
5849 | E. MORIN, Yi EungJun, Yuki Inoguchi, Yu Watanabe, Zbigniew | |
5850 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Zeal Jagannatha | |
5851 | ||
54b24597 | 5852 | — Santa Fe, 2016-11-03 |
07393b6e | 5853 | |
5cd118ba MP |
5854 | CHANGES WITH 231: |
5855 | ||
fcd30826 LP |
5856 | * In service units the various ExecXYZ= settings have been extended |
5857 | with an additional special character as first argument of the | |
43eb109a | 5858 | assigned value: if the character '+' is used the specified command |
fcd30826 LP |
5859 | line it will be run with full privileges, regardless of User=, |
5860 | Group=, CapabilityBoundingSet= and similar options. The effect is | |
5861 | similar to the existing PermissionsStartOnly= option, but allows | |
5862 | configuration of this concept for each executed command line | |
5863 | independently. | |
5864 | ||
5865 | * Services may now alter the service watchdog timeout at runtime by | |
5866 | sending a WATCHDOG_USEC= message via sd_notify(). | |
5867 | ||
5868 | * MemoryLimit= and related unit settings now optionally take percentage | |
5869 | specifications. The percentage is taken relative to the amount of | |
5870 | physical memory in the system (or in case of containers, the assigned | |
5871 | amount of memory). This allows scaling service resources neatly with | |
771de3f5 | 5872 | the amount of RAM available on the system. Similarly, systemd-logind's |
fcd30826 LP |
5873 | RuntimeDirectorySize= option now also optionally takes percentage |
5874 | values. | |
5875 | ||
5876 | * In similar fashion TasksMax= takes percentage values now, too. The | |
5877 | value is taken relative to the configured maximum number of processes | |
5878 | on the system. The per-service task maximum has been changed to 15% | |
5879 | using this functionality. (Effectively this is an increase of 512 → | |
5880 | 4915 for service units, given the kernel's default pid_max setting.) | |
5881 | ||
5882 | * Calendar time specifications in .timer units now understand a ".." | |
5883 | syntax for time ranges. Example: "4..7:10" may now be used for | |
5884 | defining a timer that is triggered at 4:10am, 5:10am, 6:10am and | |
5885 | 7:10am every day. | |
5886 | ||
5887 | * The InaccessableDirectories=, ReadOnlyDirectories= and | |
5888 | ReadWriteDirectories= unit file settings have been renamed to | |
5889 | InaccessablePaths=, ReadOnlyPaths= and ReadWritePaths= and may now be | |
5890 | applied to all kinds of file nodes, and not just directories, with | |
5891 | the exception of symlinks. Specifically these settings may now be | |
5892 | used on block and character device nodes, UNIX sockets and FIFOS as | |
5893 | well as regular files. The old names of these settings remain | |
5894 | available for compatibility. | |
5895 | ||
5896 | * systemd will now log about all service processes it kills forcibly | |
5897 | (using SIGKILL) because they remained after the clean shutdown phase | |
5898 | of the service completed. This should help identifying services that | |
5899 | shut down uncleanly. Moreover if KillUserProcesses= is enabled in | |
5900 | systemd-logind's configuration a similar log message is generated for | |
5901 | processes killed at the end of each session due to this setting. | |
5902 | ||
5903 | * systemd will now set the $JOURNAL_STREAM environment variable for all | |
5904 | services whose stdout/stderr are connected to the Journal (which | |
5905 | effectively means by default: all services). The variable contains | |
5906 | the device and inode number of the file descriptor used for | |
5907 | stdout/stderr. This may be used by invoked programs to detect whether | |
5908 | their stdout/stderr is connected to the Journal, in which case they | |
5909 | can switch over to direct Journal communication, thus being able to | |
5910 | pass extended, structured metadata along with their log messages. As | |
5911 | one example, this is now used by glib's logging primitives. | |
5912 | ||
5913 | * When using systemd's default tmp.mount unit for /tmp, the mount point | |
5914 | will now be established with the "nosuid" and "nodev" options. This | |
5915 | avoids privilege escalation attacks that put traps and exploits into | |
5916 | /tmp. However, this might cause problems if you e. g. put container | |
5cd118ba MP |
5917 | images or overlays into /tmp; if you need this, override tmp.mount's |
5918 | "Options=" with a drop-in, or mount /tmp from /etc/fstab with your | |
5919 | desired options. | |
5920 | ||
fcd30826 | 5921 | * systemd now supports the "memory" cgroup controller also on |
4e1dfa45 | 5922 | cgroup v2. |
fcd30826 LP |
5923 | |
5924 | * The systemd-cgtop tool now optionally takes a control group path as | |
5925 | command line argument. If specified, the control group list shown is | |
5926 | limited to subgroups of that group. | |
5927 | ||
5928 | * The SystemCallFilter= unit file setting gained support for | |
5929 | pre-defined, named system call filter sets. For example | |
5930 | SystemCallFilter=@clock is now an effective way to make all clock | |
771de3f5 | 5931 | changing-related system calls unavailable to a service. A number of |
fcd30826 LP |
5932 | similar pre-defined groups are defined. Writing system call filters |
5933 | for system services is simplified substantially with this new | |
5934 | concept. Accordingly, all of systemd's own, long-running services now | |
5935 | enable system call filtering based on this, by default. | |
5936 | ||
5937 | * A new service setting MemoryDenyWriteExecute= has been added, taking | |
5938 | a boolean value. If turned on, a service may no longer create memory | |
5939 | mappings that are writable and executable at the same time. This | |
5940 | enhances security for services where this is enabled as it becomes | |
5941 | harder to dynamically write and then execute memory in exploited | |
5942 | service processes. This option has been enabled for all of systemd's | |
5943 | own long-running services. | |
5944 | ||
5945 | * A new RestrictRealtime= service setting has been added, taking a | |
5946 | boolean argument. If set the service's processes may no longer | |
5947 | acquire realtime scheduling. This improves security as realtime | |
5948 | scheduling may otherwise be used to easily freeze the system. | |
5949 | ||
5950 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new switch --notify-ready= taking a boolean | |
5951 | value. This may be used for requesting that the system manager inside | |
5952 | of the container reports start-up completion to nspawn which then | |
5953 | propagates this notification further to the service manager | |
5954 | supervising nspawn itself. A related option NotifyReady= in .nspawn | |
5955 | files has been added too. This functionality allows ordering of the | |
5956 | start-up of multiple containers using the usual systemd ordering | |
5957 | primitives. | |
5958 | ||
5959 | * machinectl gained a new command "stop" that is an alias for | |
5960 | "terminate". | |
5961 | ||
5962 | * systemd-resolved gained support for contacting DNS servers on | |
5963 | link-local IPv6 addresses. | |
5964 | ||
5965 | * If systemd-resolved receives the SIGUSR2 signal it will now flush all | |
5966 | its caches. A method call for requesting the same operation has been | |
5967 | added to the bus API too, and is made available via "systemd-resolve | |
5968 | --flush-caches". | |
5969 | ||
771de3f5 | 5970 | * systemd-resolve gained a new --status switch. If passed a brief |
fcd30826 LP |
5971 | summary of the used DNS configuration with per-interface information |
5972 | is shown. | |
5973 | ||
5974 | * resolved.conf gained a new Cache= boolean option, defaulting to | |
5975 | on. If turned off local DNS caching is disabled. This comes with a | |
5976 | performance penalty in particular when DNSSEC is enabled. Note that | |
771de3f5 | 5977 | resolved disables its internal caching implicitly anyway, when the |
fcd30826 LP |
5978 | configured DNS server is on a host-local IP address such as ::1 or |
5979 | 127.0.0.1, thus automatically avoiding double local caching. | |
5980 | ||
5981 | * systemd-resolved now listens on the local IP address 127.0.0.53:53 | |
5982 | for DNS requests. This improves compatibility with local programs | |
5983 | that do not use the libc NSS or systemd-resolved's bus APIs for name | |
5984 | resolution. This minimal DNS service is only available to local | |
5985 | programs and does not implement the full DNS protocol, but enough to | |
5986 | cover local DNS clients. A new, static resolv.conf file, listing just | |
5987 | this DNS server is now shipped in /usr/lib/systemd/resolv.conf. It is | |
5988 | now recommended to make /etc/resolv.conf a symlink to this file in | |
5989 | order to route all DNS lookups to systemd-resolved, regardless if | |
5990 | done via NSS, the bus API or raw DNS packets. Note that this local | |
5991 | DNS service is not as fully featured as the libc NSS or | |
5992 | systemd-resolved's bus APIs. For example, as unicast DNS cannot be | |
5993 | used to deliver link-local address information (as this implies | |
5994 | sending a local interface index along), LLMNR/mDNS support via this | |
5995 | interface is severely restricted. It is thus strongly recommended for | |
5996 | all applications to use the libc NSS API or native systemd-resolved | |
5997 | bus API instead. | |
5998 | ||
5999 | * systemd-networkd's bridge support learned a new setting | |
6000 | VLANFiltering= for controlling VLAN filtering. Moreover a new section | |
6001 | in .network files has been added for configuring VLAN bridging in | |
6002 | more detail: VLAN=, EgressUntagged=, PVID= in [BridgeVLAN]. | |
6003 | ||
6004 | * systemd-networkd's IPv6 Router Advertisement code now makes use of | |
6005 | the DNSSL and RDNSS options. This means IPv6 DNS configuration may | |
6006 | now be acquired without relying on DHCPv6. Two new options | |
6007 | UseDomains= and UseDNS= have been added to configure this behaviour. | |
6008 | ||
6009 | * systemd-networkd's IPv6AcceptRouterAdvertisements= option has been | |
6010 | renamed IPv6AcceptRA=, without altering its behaviour. The old | |
6011 | setting name remains available for compatibility reasons. | |
6012 | ||
6013 | * The systemd-networkd VTI/VTI6 tunneling support gained new options | |
6014 | Key=, InputKey= and OutputKey=. | |
6015 | ||
6016 | * systemd-networkd gained support for VRF ("Virtual Routing Function") | |
6017 | interface configuration. | |
6018 | ||
6019 | * "systemctl edit" may now be used to create new unit files by | |
6020 | specifying the --force switch. | |
6021 | ||
6022 | * sd-event gained a new function sd_event_get_iteration() for | |
6023 | requesting the current iteration counter of the event loop. It starts | |
6024 | at zero and is increased by one with each event loop iteration. | |
6025 | ||
43a569a1 ZJS |
6026 | * A new rpm macro %systemd_ordering is provided by the macros.systemd |
6027 | file. It can be used in lieu of %systemd_requires in packages which | |
6028 | don't use any systemd functionality and are intended to be installed | |
6029 | in minimal containers without systemd present. This macro provides | |
ce830873 | 6030 | ordering dependencies to ensure that if the package is installed in |
43a569a1 ZJS |
6031 | the same rpm transaction as systemd, systemd will be installed before |
6032 | the scriptlets for the package are executed, allowing unit presets | |
6033 | to be handled. | |
6034 | ||
6035 | New macros %_systemdgeneratordir and %_systemdusergeneratordir have | |
6036 | been added to simplify packaging of generators. | |
6037 | ||
6038 | * The os-release file gained VERSION_CODENAME field for the | |
6039 | distribution nickname (e.g. VERSION_CODENAME=woody). | |
6040 | ||
6041 | * New udev property UDEV_DISABLE_PERSISTENT_STORAGE_RULES_FLAG=1 | |
6042 | can be set to disable parsing of metadata and the creation | |
6043 | of persistent symlinks for that device. | |
6044 | ||
0f1da52b LP |
6045 | * The v230 change to tag framebuffer devices (/dev/fb*) with "uaccess" |
6046 | to make them available to logged-in users has been reverted. | |
6047 | ||
6048 | * Much of the common code of the various systemd components is now | |
6049 | built into an internal shared library libsystemd-shared-231.so | |
6050 | (incorporating the systemd version number in the name, to be updated | |
6051 | with future releases) that the components link to. This should | |
6052 | decrease systemd footprint both in memory during runtime and on | |
6053 | disk. Note that the shared library is not for public use, and is | |
ead6bd25 | 6054 | neither API nor ABI stable, but is likely to change with every new |
1ecbf32f ZJS |
6055 | released update. Packagers need to make sure that binaries |
6056 | linking to libsystemd-shared.so are updated in step with the | |
6057 | library. | |
43a569a1 | 6058 | |
fcd30826 LP |
6059 | * Configuration for "mkosi" is now part of the systemd |
6060 | repository. mkosi is a tool to easily build legacy-free OS images, | |
6061 | and is available on github: https://github.com/systemd/mkosi. If | |
6062 | "mkosi" is invoked in the build tree a new raw OS image is generated | |
6063 | incorporating the systemd sources currently being worked on and a | |
6064 | clean, fresh distribution installation. The generated OS image may be | |
ce830873 | 6065 | booted up with "systemd-nspawn -b -i", qemu-kvm or on any physical |
fcd30826 LP |
6066 | UEFI PC. This functionality is particularly useful to easily test |
6067 | local changes made to systemd in a pristine, defined environment. See | |
f09eb768 | 6068 | doc/HACKING for details. |
ceeddf79 | 6069 | |
4ffe2479 ZJS |
6070 | * configure learned the --with-support-url= option to specify the |
6071 | distribution's bugtracker. | |
6072 | ||
38b383d9 LP |
6073 | Contributions from: Alban Crequy, Alessandro Puccetti, Alessio Igor |
6074 | Bogani, Alexander Kuleshov, Alexander Kurtz, Alex Gaynor, Andika | |
6075 | Triwidada, Andreas Pokorny, Andreas Rammhold, Andrew Jeddeloh, Ansgar | |
6076 | Burchardt, Atrotors, Benjamin Drung, Brian Boylston, Christian Hesse, | |
6077 | Christian Rebischke, Daniele Medri, Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David | |
6078 | Herrmann, David Michael, Djalal Harouni, Douglas Christman, Elias | |
6079 | Probst, Evgeny Vereshchagin, Federico Mena Quintero, Felipe Sateler, | |
6080 | Franck Bui, Harald Hoyer, Ian Lee, Ivan Shapovalov, Jakub Wilk, Jan | |
6081 | Janssen, Jean-Sébastien Bour, John Paul Adrian Glaubitz, Jouke | |
6082 | Witteveen, Kai Ruhnau, kpengboy, Kyle Walker, Lénaïc Huard, Lennart | |
6083 | Poettering, Luca Bruno, Lukas Lösche, Lukáš Nykrýn, mahkoh, Marcel | |
6084 | Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Marty Plummer, Matthieu Codron, Max Prokhorov, | |
6085 | Michael Biebl, Michael Karcher, Michael Olbrich, Michał Bartoszkiewicz, | |
6086 | Michal Sekletar, Michal Soltys, Minkyung, Muhammet Kara, mulkieran, | |
6087 | Otto Wallenius, Pablo Lezaeta Reyes, Peter Hutterer, Ronny Chevalier, | |
6088 | Rusty Bird, Stef Walter, Susant Sahani, Tejun Heo, Thomas Blume, Thomas | |
771de3f5 ZJS |
6089 | Haller, Thomas H. P. Andersen, Tobias Jungel, Tom Gundersen, Tom Yan, |
6090 | Topi Miettinen, Torstein Husebø, Valentin Vidić, Viktar Vaŭčkievič, | |
38b383d9 | 6091 | WaLyong Cho, Weng Xuetian, Werner Fink, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek |
5cd118ba | 6092 | |
38b383d9 | 6093 | — Berlin, 2016-07-25 |
5cd118ba | 6094 | |
46e40fab | 6095 | CHANGES WITH 230: |
7f6e8043 | 6096 | |
61ecb465 LP |
6097 | * DNSSEC is now turned on by default in systemd-resolved (in |
6098 | "allow-downgrade" mode), but may be turned off during compile time by | |
6099 | passing "--with-default-dnssec=no" to "configure" (and of course, | |
6100 | during runtime with DNSSEC= in resolved.conf). We recommend | |
6101 | downstreams to leave this on at least during development cycles and | |
6102 | report any issues with the DNSSEC logic upstream. We are very | |
6103 | interested in collecting feedback about the DNSSEC validator and its | |
6104 | limitations in the wild. Note however, that DNSSEC support is | |
6105 | probably nothing downstreams should turn on in stable distros just | |
96d49011 | 6106 | yet, as it might create incompatibilities with a few DNS servers and |
61ecb465 LP |
6107 | networks. We tried hard to make sure we downgrade to non-DNSSEC mode |
6108 | automatically whenever we detect such incompatible setups, but there | |
6109 | might be systems we do not cover yet. Hence: please help us testing | |
6110 | the DNSSEC code, leave this on where you can, report back, but then | |
6111 | again don't consider turning this on in your stable, LTS or | |
e40a326c LP |
6112 | production release just yet. (Note that you have to enable |
6113 | nss-resolve in /etc/nsswitch.conf, to actually use systemd-resolved | |
38b38500 | 6114 | and its DNSSEC mode for hostname resolution from local |
e40a326c | 6115 | applications.) |
61ecb465 | 6116 | |
96515dbf | 6117 | * systemd-resolve conveniently resolves DANE records with the --tlsa |
e40a326c | 6118 | option and OPENPGPKEY records with the --openpgp option. It also |
e75690c3 | 6119 | supports dumping raw DNS record data via the new --raw= switch. |
96515dbf | 6120 | |
97e5530c ZJS |
6121 | * systemd-logind will now by default terminate user processes that are |
6122 | part of the user session scope unit (session-XX.scope) when the user | |
977f2bea | 6123 | logs out. This behavior is controlled by the KillUserProcesses= |
e40a326c LP |
6124 | setting in logind.conf, and the previous default of "no" is now |
6125 | changed to "yes". This means that user sessions will be properly | |
6126 | cleaned up after, but additional steps are necessary to allow | |
6127 | intentionally long-running processes to survive logout. | |
97e5530c ZJS |
6128 | |
6129 | While the user is logged in at least once, user@.service is running, | |
6130 | and any service that should survive the end of any individual login | |
6131 | session can be started at a user service or scope using systemd-run. | |
e40a326c | 6132 | systemd-run(1) man page has been extended with an example which shows |
8951eaec | 6133 | how to run screen in a scope unit underneath user@.service. The same |
e40a326c | 6134 | command works for tmux. |
97e5530c ZJS |
6135 | |
6136 | After the user logs out of all sessions, user@.service will be | |
6137 | terminated too, by default, unless the user has "lingering" enabled. | |
6138 | To effectively allow users to run long-term tasks even if they are | |
152199f2 ZJS |
6139 | logged out, lingering must be enabled for them. See loginctl(1) for |
6140 | details. The default polkit policy was modified to allow users to | |
6141 | set lingering for themselves without authentication. | |
7f6e8043 | 6142 | |
95365a57 | 6143 | Previous defaults can be restored at compile time by the |
e40a326c | 6144 | --without-kill-user-processes option to "configure". |
7f6e8043 | 6145 | |
e75690c3 ZJS |
6146 | * systemd-logind gained new configuration settings SessionsMax= and |
6147 | InhibitorsMax=, both with a default of 8192. It will not register new | |
188d3082 | 6148 | user sessions or inhibitors above this limit. |
e75690c3 ZJS |
6149 | |
6150 | * systemd-logind will now reload configuration on SIGHUP. | |
6151 | ||
96515dbf | 6152 | * The unified cgroup hierarchy added in Linux 4.5 is now supported. |
e40a326c | 6153 | Use systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy=1 on the kernel command line to |
25b0e6cb LP |
6154 | enable. Also, support for the "io" cgroup controller in the unified |
6155 | hierarchy has been added, so that the "memory", "pids" and "io" are | |
6156 | now the controllers that are supported on the unified hierarchy. | |
e40a326c | 6157 | |
96515dbf ZJS |
6158 | WARNING: it is not possible to use previous systemd versions with |
6159 | systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy=1 and the new kernel. Therefore it | |
6160 | is necessary to also update systemd in the initramfs if using the | |
e40a326c | 6161 | unified hierarchy. An updated SELinux policy is also required. |
96515dbf | 6162 | |
e40a326c LP |
6163 | * LLDP support has been extended, and both passive (receive-only) and |
6164 | active (sender) modes are supported. Passive mode ("routers-only") is | |
8951eaec ZJS |
6165 | enabled by default in systemd-networkd. Active LLDP mode is enabled |
6166 | by default for containers on the internal network. The "networkctl | |
e40a326c LP |
6167 | lldp" command may be used to list information gathered. "networkctl |
6168 | status" will also show basic LLDP information on connected peers now. | |
96515dbf | 6169 | |
e40a326c LP |
6170 | * The IAID and DUID unique identifier sent in DHCP requests may now be |
6171 | configured for the system and each .network file managed by | |
e75690c3 ZJS |
6172 | systemd-networkd using the DUIDType=, DUIDRawData=, IAID= options. |
6173 | ||
6174 | * systemd-networkd gained support for configuring proxy ARP support for | |
6175 | each interface, via the ProxyArp= setting in .network files. It also | |
6176 | gained support for configuring the multicast querier feature of | |
6177 | bridge devices, via the new MulticastQuerier= setting in .netdev | |
6178 | files. Similarly, snooping on the IGMP traffic can be controlled | |
6179 | via the new setting MulticastSnooping=. | |
6180 | ||
6181 | A new setting PreferredLifetime= has been added for addresses | |
6182 | configured in .network file to configure the lifetime intended for an | |
6183 | address. | |
6184 | ||
6185 | The systemd-networkd DHCP server gained the option EmitRouter=, which | |
6186 | defaults to yes, to configure whether the DHCP Option 3 (Router) | |
6187 | should be emitted. | |
96515dbf | 6188 | |
e40a326c | 6189 | * The testing tool /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-activate is renamed to |
97e5530c ZJS |
6190 | systemd-socket-activate and installed into /usr/bin. It is now fully |
6191 | supported. | |
6192 | ||
e40a326c LP |
6193 | * systemd-journald now uses separate threads to flush changes to disk |
6194 | when closing journal files, thus reducing impact of slow disk I/O on | |
6195 | logging performance. | |
96515dbf | 6196 | |
e75690c3 ZJS |
6197 | * The sd-journal API gained two new calls |
6198 | sd_journal_open_directory_fd() and sd_journal_open_files_fd() which | |
6199 | can be used to open journal files using file descriptors instead of | |
6200 | file or directory paths. sd_journal_open_container() has been | |
6201 | deprecated, sd_journal_open_directory_fd() should be used instead | |
6202 | with the flag SD_JOURNAL_OS_ROOT. | |
6203 | ||
6204 | * journalctl learned a new output mode "-o short-unix" that outputs log | |
6205 | lines prefixed by their UNIX time (i.e. seconds since Jan 1st, 1970 | |
6206 | UTC). It also gained support for a new --no-hostname setting to | |
6207 | suppress the hostname column in the family of "short" output modes. | |
6208 | ||
e40a326c LP |
6209 | * systemd-ask-password now optionally skips printing of the password to |
6210 | stdout with --no-output which can be useful in scripts. | |
96515dbf ZJS |
6211 | |
6212 | * Framebuffer devices (/dev/fb*) and 3D printers and scanners | |
6213 | (devices tagged with ID_MAKER_TOOL) are now tagged with | |
6214 | "uaccess" and are available to logged in users. | |
6215 | ||
e75690c3 | 6216 | * The DeviceAllow= unit setting now supports specifiers (with "%"). |
e40a326c LP |
6217 | |
6218 | * "systemctl show" gained a new --value switch, which allows print a | |
6219 | only the contents of a specific unit property, without also printing | |
8951eaec ZJS |
6220 | the property's name. Similar support was added to "show*" verbs |
6221 | of loginctl and machinectl that output "key=value" lists. | |
e40a326c | 6222 | |
e75690c3 ZJS |
6223 | * A new unit type "generated" was added for files dynamically generated |
6224 | by generator tools. Similarly, a new unit type "transient" is used | |
6225 | for unit files created using the runtime API. "systemctl enable" will | |
6226 | refuse to operate on such files. | |
6227 | ||
e40a326c LP |
6228 | * A new command "systemctl revert" has been added that may be used to |
6229 | revert to the vendor version of a unit file, in case local changes | |
6230 | have been made by adding drop-ins or overriding the unit file. | |
6231 | ||
6232 | * "machinectl clean" gained a new verb to automatically remove all or | |
6233 | just hidden container images. | |
6234 | ||
e40a326c LP |
6235 | * systemd-tmpfiles gained support for a new line type "e" for emptying |
6236 | directories, if they exist, without creating them if they don't. | |
6237 | ||
e40a326c LP |
6238 | * systemd-nspawn gained support for automatically patching the UID/GIDs |
6239 | of the owners and the ACLs of all files and directories in a | |
6240 | container tree to match the UID/GID user namespacing range selected | |
6241 | for the container invocation. This mode is enabled via the new | |
24597ee0 ZJS |
6242 | --private-users-chown switch. It also gained support for |
6243 | automatically choosing a free, previously unused UID/GID range when | |
6244 | starting a container, via the new --private-users=pick setting (which | |
6245 | implies --private-users-chown). Together, these options for the first | |
6246 | time make user namespacing for nspawn containers fully automatic and | |
6247 | thus deployable. The systemd-nspawn@.service template unit file has | |
6248 | been changed to use this functionality by default. | |
e40a326c | 6249 | |
25b0e6cb LP |
6250 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --network-zone= switch, that allows |
6251 | creating ad-hoc virtual Ethernet links between multiple containers, | |
6252 | that only exist as long as at least one container referencing them is | |
6253 | running. This allows easy connecting of multiple containers with a | |
6254 | common link that implements an Ethernet broadcast domain. Each of | |
6255 | these network "zones" may be named relatively freely by the user, and | |
6256 | may be referenced by any number of containers, but each container may | |
6257 | only reference one of these "zones". On the lower level, this is | |
6258 | implemented by an automatically managed bridge network interface for | |
6259 | each zone, that is created when the first container referencing its | |
6260 | zone is created and removed when the last one referencing its zone | |
6261 | terminates. | |
6262 | ||
e40a326c | 6263 | * The default start timeout may now be configured on the kernel command |
8951eaec ZJS |
6264 | line via systemd.default_timeout_start_sec=. It was already |
6265 | configurable via the DefaultTimeoutStartSec= option in | |
6266 | /etc/systemd/system.conf. | |
e40a326c | 6267 | |
030bd839 | 6268 | * Socket units gained a new TriggerLimitIntervalSec= and |
e40a326c LP |
6269 | TriggerLimitBurst= setting to configure a limit on the activation |
6270 | rate of the socket unit. | |
6271 | ||
6272 | * The LimitNICE= setting now optionally takes normal UNIX nice values | |
6273 | in addition to the raw integer limit value. If the specified | |
1d3a473b | 6274 | parameter is prefixed with "+" or "-" and is in the range -20…19 the |
e40a326c LP |
6275 | value is understood as UNIX nice value. If not prefixed like this it |
6276 | is understood as raw RLIMIT_NICE limit. | |
6277 | ||
999a43f8 LP |
6278 | * Note that the effect of the PrivateDevices= unit file setting changed |
6279 | slightly with this release: the per-device /dev file system will be | |
6280 | mounted read-only from this version on, and will have "noexec" | |
188d3082 | 6281 | set. This (minor) change of behavior might cause some (exceptional) |
999a43f8 LP |
6282 | legacy software to break, when PrivateDevices=yes is set for its |
6283 | service. Please leave PrivateDevices= off if you run into problems | |
6284 | with this. | |
6285 | ||
e75690c3 ZJS |
6286 | * systemd-bootchart has been split out to a separate repository: |
6287 | https://github.com/systemd/systemd-bootchart | |
6288 | ||
6289 | * systemd-bus-proxyd has been removed, as kdbus is unlikely to still be | |
6290 | merged into the kernel in its current form. | |
6291 | ||
6292 | * The compatibility libraries libsystemd-daemon.so, | |
6293 | libsystemd-journal.so, libsystemd-id128.so, and libsystemd-login.so | |
6294 | which have been deprecated since systemd-209 have been removed along | |
6295 | with the corresponding pkg-config files. All symbols provided by | |
6296 | those libraries are provided by libsystemd.so. | |
6297 | ||
6298 | * The Capabilities= unit file setting has been removed (it is ignored | |
6299 | for backwards compatibility). AmbientCapabilities= and | |
6300 | CapabilityBoundingSet= should be used instead. | |
6301 | ||
4f9020fa DR |
6302 | * A new special target has been added, initrd-root-device.target, |
6303 | which creates a synchronization point for dependencies of the root | |
6304 | device in early userspace. Initramfs builders must ensure that this | |
6305 | target is now included in early userspace. | |
6306 | ||
e75690c3 ZJS |
6307 | Contributions from: Alban Crequy, Alexander Kuleshov, Alexander Shopov, |
6308 | Alex Crawford, Andre Klärner, Andrew Eikum, Beniamino Galvani, Benjamin | |
6309 | Robin, Biao Lu, Bjørnar Ness, Calvin Owens, Christian Hesse, Clemens | |
6310 | Gruber, Colin Guthrie, Daniel Drake, Daniele Medri, Daniel J Walsh, | |
6311 | Daniel Mack, Dan Nicholson, daurnimator, David Herrmann, David | |
6312 | R. Hedges, Elias Probst, Emmanuel Gil Peyrot, EMOziko, Evgeny | |
6313 | Vereshchagin, Federico, Felipe Sateler, Filipe Brandenburger, Franck | |
6314 | Bui, frankheckenbach, gdamjan, Georgia Brikis, Harald Hoyer, Hendrik | |
77ff6022 CG |
6315 | Brueckner, Hristo Venev, Iago López Galeiras, Ian Kelling, Ismo |
6316 | Puustinen, Jakub Wilk, Jaroslav Škarvada, Jeff Huang, Joel Holdsworth, | |
e75690c3 ZJS |
6317 | John Paul Adrian Glaubitz, Jonathan Boulle, kayrus, Klearchos |
6318 | Chaloulos, Kyle Russell, Lars Uebernickel, Lennart Poettering, Lubomir | |
6319 | Rintel, Lukáš Nykrýn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel Holtmann, Martin Pitt, | |
77ff6022 CG |
6320 | Michael Biebl, michaelolbrich, Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Michal Koutný, |
6321 | Michal Sekletar, Mike Frysinger, Mike Gilbert, Mingcong Bai, Ming Lin, | |
6322 | mulkieran, muzena, Nalin Dahyabhai, Naohiro Aota, Nathan McSween, | |
e75690c3 ZJS |
6323 | Nicolas Braud-Santoni, Patrik Flykt, Peter Hutterer, Peter Mattern, |
6324 | Petr Lautrbach, Petros Angelatos, Piotr Drąg, Rabin Vincent, Robert | |
6325 | Węcławski, Ronny Chevalier, Samuel Tardieu, Stefan Saraev, Stefan | |
6326 | Schallenberg aka nafets227, Steven Siloti, Susant Sahani, Sylvain | |
6327 | Plantefève, Taylor Smock, Tejun Heo, Thomas Blume, Thomas Haller, | |
6328 | Thomas H. P. Andersen, Tobias Klauser, Tom Gundersen, topimiettinen, | |
46e40fab ZJS |
6329 | Torstein Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Uwe Kleine-König, Victor Toso, |
6330 | Vinay Kulkarni, Vito Caputo, Vittorio G (VittGam), Vladimir Panteleev, | |
6331 | Wieland Hoffmann, Wouter Verhelst, Yu Watanabe, Zbigniew | |
6332 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
e40a326c | 6333 | |
46e40fab | 6334 | — Fairfax, 2016-05-21 |
96515dbf | 6335 | |
61f32bff MP |
6336 | CHANGES WITH 229: |
6337 | ||
d5f8b295 LP |
6338 | * The systemd-resolved DNS resolver service has gained a substantial |
6339 | set of new features, most prominently it may now act as a DNSSEC | |
6340 | validating stub resolver. DNSSEC mode is currently turned off by | |
ed5f8840 ZJS |
6341 | default, but is expected to be turned on by default in one of the |
6342 | next releases. For now, we invite everybody to test the DNSSEC logic | |
6343 | by setting DNSSEC=allow-downgrade in /etc/systemd/resolved.conf. The | |
6344 | service also gained a full set of D-Bus interfaces, including calls | |
6345 | to configure DNS and DNSSEC settings per link (for use by external | |
6346 | network management software). systemd-resolved and systemd-networkd | |
6347 | now distinguish between "search" and "routing" domains. The former | |
6348 | are used to qualify single-label names, the latter are used purely | |
6349 | for routing lookups within certain domains to specific links. | |
6350 | resolved now also synthesizes RRs for all entries from /etc/hosts. | |
d5f8b295 LP |
6351 | |
6352 | * The systemd-resolve tool (which is a client utility for | |
ed5f8840 ZJS |
6353 | systemd-resolved) has been improved considerably and is now fully |
6354 | supported and documented. Hence it has moved from /usr/lib/systemd to | |
6355 | /usr/bin. | |
d5f8b295 LP |
6356 | |
6357 | * /dev/disk/by-path/ symlink support has been (re-)added for virtio | |
6358 | devices. | |
6359 | ||
a7c723c0 LP |
6360 | * The coredump collection logic has been reworked: when a coredump is |
6361 | collected it is now written to disk, compressed and processed | |
6362 | (including stacktrace extraction) from a new instantiated service | |
6363 | systemd-coredump@.service, instead of directly from the | |
6364 | /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern hook we provide. This is beneficial as | |
6365 | processing large coredumps can take up a substantial amount of | |
6366 | resources and time, and this previously happened entirely outside of | |
6367 | systemd's service supervision. With the new logic the core_pattern | |
6368 | hook only does minimal metadata collection before passing off control | |
6369 | to the new instantiated service, which is configured with a time | |
6370 | limit, a nice level and other settings to minimize negative impact on | |
6371 | the rest of the system. Also note that the new logic will honour the | |
6372 | RLIMIT_CORE setting of the crashed process, which now allows users | |
6373 | and processes to turn off coredumping for their processes by setting | |
6374 | this limit. | |
6375 | ||
6376 | * The RLIMIT_CORE resource limit now defaults to "unlimited" for PID 1 | |
6377 | and all forked processes by default. Previously, PID 1 would leave | |
6378 | the setting at "0" for all processes, as set by the kernel. Note that | |
6379 | the resource limit traditionally has no effect on the generated | |
6380 | coredumps on the system if the /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern hook | |
6381 | logic is used. Since the limit is now honoured (see above) its | |
6382 | default has been changed so that the coredumping logic is enabled by | |
6383 | default for all processes, while allowing specific opt-out. | |
6384 | ||
6385 | * When the stacktrace is extracted from processes of system users, this | |
6386 | is now done as "systemd-coredump" user, in order to sandbox this | |
6387 | potentially security sensitive parsing operation. (Note that when | |
6388 | processing coredumps of normal users this is done under the user ID | |
6389 | of process that crashed, as before.) Packagers should take notice | |
6390 | that it is now necessary to create the "systemd-coredump" system user | |
6391 | and group at package installation time. | |
6392 | ||
d5f8b295 LP |
6393 | * The systemd-activate socket activation testing tool gained support |
6394 | for SOCK_DGRAM and SOCK_SEQPACKET sockets using the new --datagram | |
6395 | and --seqpacket switches. It also has been extended to support both | |
6396 | new-style and inetd-style file descriptor passing. Use the new | |
6397 | --inetd switch to request inetd-style file descriptor passing. | |
6398 | ||
8968aea0 MP |
6399 | * Most systemd tools now honor a new $SYSTEMD_COLORS environment |
6400 | variable, which takes a boolean value. If set to false, ANSI color | |
d5f8b295 LP |
6401 | output is disabled in the tools even when run on a terminal that |
6402 | supports it. | |
6403 | ||
6404 | * The VXLAN support in networkd now supports two new settings | |
6405 | DestinationPort= and PortRange=. | |
6406 | ||
6407 | * A new systemd.machine_id= kernel command line switch has been added, | |
6408 | that may be used to set the machine ID in /etc/machine-id if it is | |
6409 | not initialized yet. This command line option has no effect if the | |
6410 | file is already initialized. | |
6411 | ||
6412 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --as-pid2 switch that invokes any | |
6413 | specified command line as PID 2 rather than PID 1 in the | |
ed5f8840 ZJS |
6414 | container. In this mode PID 1 is a minimal stub init process that |
6415 | implements the special POSIX and Linux semantics of PID 1 regarding | |
6416 | signal and child process management. Note that this stub init process | |
6417 | is implemented in nspawn itself and requires no support from the | |
6418 | container image. This new logic is useful to support running | |
6419 | arbitrary commands in the container, as normal processes are | |
d5f8b295 LP |
6420 | generally not prepared to run as PID 1. |
6421 | ||
6422 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --chdir= switch for setting the current | |
6423 | working directory for the process started in the container. | |
6424 | ||
ed5f8840 ZJS |
6425 | * "journalctl /dev/sda" will now output all kernel log messages for |
6426 | specified device from the current boot, in addition to all devices | |
6427 | that are parents of it. This should make log output about devices | |
6428 | pretty useful, as long as kernel drivers attach enough metadata to | |
6429 | the log messages. (The usual SATA drivers do.) | |
d5f8b295 LP |
6430 | |
6431 | * The sd-journal API gained two new calls | |
6432 | sd_journal_has_runtime_files() and sd_journal_has_persistent_files() | |
6433 | that report whether log data from /run or /var has been found. | |
6434 | ||
6435 | * journalctl gained a new switch "--fields" that prints all journal | |
6436 | record field names currently in use in the journal. This is backed | |
6437 | by two new sd-journal API calls sd_journal_enumerate_fields() and | |
6438 | sd_journal_restart_fields(). | |
6439 | ||
6440 | * Most configurable timeouts in systemd now expect an argument of | |
8968aea0 MP |
6441 | "infinity" to turn them off, instead of "0" as before. The semantics |
6442 | from now on is that a timeout of "0" means "now", and "infinity" | |
6443 | means "never". To maintain backwards compatibility, "0" continues to | |
6444 | turn off previously existing timeout settings. | |
d5f8b295 LP |
6445 | |
6446 | * "systemctl reload-or-try-restart" has been renamed to "systemctl | |
8968aea0 MP |
6447 | try-reload-or-restart" to clarify what it actually does: the "try" |
6448 | logic applies to both reloading and restarting, not just restarting. | |
6449 | The old name continues to be accepted for compatibility. | |
6450 | ||
6451 | * On boot-up, when PID 1 detects that the system clock is behind the | |
6452 | release date of the systemd version in use, the clock is now set | |
6453 | to the latter. Previously, this was already done in timesyncd, in order | |
d5f8b295 LP |
6454 | to avoid running with clocks set to the various clock epochs such as |
6455 | 1902, 1938 or 1970. With this change the logic is now done in PID 1 | |
6456 | in addition to timesyncd during early boot-up, so that it is enforced | |
6457 | before the first process is spawned by systemd. Note that the logic | |
6458 | in timesyncd remains, as it is more comprehensive and ensures | |
ed5f8840 | 6459 | clock monotonicity by maintaining a persistent timestamp file in |
d5f8b295 LP |
6460 | /var. Since /var is generally not available in earliest boot or the |
6461 | initrd, this part of the logic remains in timesyncd, and is not done | |
6462 | by PID 1. | |
6463 | ||
50f48ad3 DM |
6464 | * Support for tweaking details in net_cls.class_id through the |
6465 | NetClass= configuration directive has been removed, as the kernel | |
6466 | people have decided to deprecate that controller in cgroup v2. | |
6467 | Userspace tools such as nftables are moving over to setting rules | |
6468 | that are specific to the full cgroup path of a task, which obsoletes | |
6469 | these controllers anyway. The NetClass= directive is kept around for | |
6470 | legacy compatibility reasons. For a more in-depth description of the | |
6471 | kernel change, please refer to the respective upstream commit: | |
6472 | ||
6473 | https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=bd1060a1d671 | |
6474 | ||
d5f8b295 | 6475 | * A new service setting RuntimeMaxSec= has been added that may be used |
8968aea0 | 6476 | to specify a maximum runtime for a service. If the timeout is hit, the |
d5f8b295 LP |
6477 | service is terminated and put into a failure state. |
6478 | ||
8968aea0 MP |
6479 | * A new service setting AmbientCapabilities= has been added. It allows |
6480 | configuration of additional Linux process capabilities that are | |
6481 | passed to the activated processes. This is only available on very | |
d5f8b295 LP |
6482 | recent kernels. |
6483 | ||
6484 | * The process resource limit settings in service units may now be used | |
6485 | to configure hard and soft limits individually. | |
6486 | ||
8968aea0 | 6487 | * The various libsystemd APIs such as sd-bus or sd-event now publicly |
ed5f8840 ZJS |
6488 | expose support for gcc's __attribute__((cleanup())) C extension. |
6489 | Specifically, for many object destructor functions alternative | |
6490 | versions have been added that have names suffixed with "p" and take a | |
6491 | pointer to a pointer to the object to destroy, instead of just a | |
6492 | pointer to the object itself. This is useful because these destructor | |
6493 | functions may be used directly as parameters to the cleanup | |
6494 | construct. Internally, systemd has been a heavy user of this GCC | |
6495 | extension for a long time, and with this change similar support is | |
6496 | now available to consumers of the library outside of systemd. Note | |
8968aea0 | 6497 | that by using this extension in your sources compatibility with old |
ed5f8840 ZJS |
6498 | and strictly ANSI compatible C compilers is lost. However, all gcc or |
6499 | LLVM versions of recent years support this extension. | |
d5f8b295 LP |
6500 | |
6501 | * Timer units gained support for a new setting RandomizedDelaySec= that | |
8968aea0 MP |
6502 | allows configuring some additional randomized delay to the configured |
6503 | time. This is useful to spread out timer events to avoid load peaks in | |
6504 | clusters or larger setups. | |
d5f8b295 LP |
6505 | |
6506 | * Calendar time specifications now support sub-second accuracy. | |
6507 | ||
6508 | * Socket units now support listening on SCTP and UDP-lite protocol | |
6509 | sockets. | |
6510 | ||
6511 | * The sd-event API now comes with a full set of man pages. | |
6512 | ||
6513 | * Older versions of systemd contained experimental support for | |
6514 | compressing journal files and coredumps with the LZ4 compressor that | |
6515 | was not compatible with the lz4 binary (due to API limitations of the | |
6516 | lz4 library). This support has been removed; only support for files | |
6517 | compatible with the lz4 binary remains. This LZ4 logic is now | |
6518 | officially supported and no longer considered experimental. | |
6519 | ||
6520 | * The dkr image import logic has been removed again from importd. dkr's | |
6521 | micro-services focus doesn't fit into the machine image focus of | |
6522 | importd, and quickly got out of date with the upstream dkr API. | |
6523 | ||
6524 | * Creation of the /run/lock/lockdev/ directory was dropped from | |
6525 | tmpfiles.d/legacy.conf. Better locking mechanisms like flock() have | |
61f32bff MP |
6526 | been available for many years. If you still need this, you need to |
6527 | create your own tmpfiles.d config file with: | |
d5f8b295 LP |
6528 | |
6529 | d /run/lock/lockdev 0775 root lock - | |
61f32bff | 6530 | |
dd95b381 LP |
6531 | * The settings StartLimitBurst=, StartLimitInterval=, StartLimitAction= |
6532 | and RebootArgument= have been moved from the [Service] section of | |
6533 | unit files to [Unit], and they are now supported on all unit types, | |
6534 | not just service units. Of course, systemd will continue to | |
6535 | understand these settings also at the old location, in order to | |
6536 | maintain compatibility. | |
6537 | ||
3545ab35 LP |
6538 | Contributions from: Abdo Roig-Maranges, Alban Crequy, Aleksander |
6539 | Adamowski, Alexander Kuleshov, Andreas Pokorny, Andrei Borzenkov, | |
6540 | Andrew Wilcox, Arthur Clement, Beniamino Galvani, Casey Schaufler, | |
6541 | Chris Atkinson, Chris Mayo, Christian Hesse, Damjan Georgievski, Dan | |
6542 | Dedrick, Daniele Medri, Daniel J Walsh, Daniel Korostil, Daniel Mack, | |
6543 | David Herrmann, Dimitri John Ledkov, Dominik Hannen, Douglas Christman, | |
6544 | Evgeny Vereshchagin, Filipe Brandenburger, Franck Bui, Gabor Kelemen, | |
6545 | Harald Hoyer, Hayden Walles, Helmut Grohne, Henrik Kaare Poulsen, | |
6546 | Hristo Venev, Hui Wang, Indrajit Raychaudhuri, Ismo Puustinen, Jakub | |
6547 | Wilk, Jan Alexander Steffens (heftig), Jan Engelhardt, Jan Synacek, | |
6548 | Joost Bremmer, Jorgen Schaefer, Karel Zak, Klearchos Chaloulos, | |
6549 | lc85446, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel | |
6550 | Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, Michael Scherer, | |
6551 | Michał Górny, Michal Sekletar, Nicolas Cornu, Nicolas Iooss, Nils | |
6552 | Carlson, nmartensen, nnz1024, Patrick Ohly, Peter Hutterer, Phillip Sz, | |
6553 | Ronny Chevalier, Samu Kallio, Shawn Landden, Stef Walter, Susant | |
6554 | Sahani, Sylvain Plantefève, Tadej Janež, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel | |
6555 | Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Torstein Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Vito | |
6556 | Caputo, WaLyong Cho, Yu Watanabe, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
6557 | ||
ccddd104 | 6558 | — Berlin, 2016-02-11 |
61f32bff | 6559 | |
a11c7ea5 LP |
6560 | CHANGES WITH 228: |
6561 | ||
a11c7ea5 LP |
6562 | * A number of properties previously only settable in unit |
6563 | files are now also available as properties to set when | |
6564 | creating transient units programmatically via the bus, as it | |
6565 | is exposed with systemd-run's --property= | |
6566 | setting. Specifically, these are: SyslogIdentifier=, | |
6567 | SyslogLevelPrefix=, TimerSlackNSec=, OOMScoreAdjust=, | |
6568 | EnvironmentFile=, ReadWriteDirectories=, | |
6569 | ReadOnlyDirectories=, InaccessibleDirectories=, | |
6570 | ProtectSystem=, ProtectHome=, RuntimeDirectory=. | |
6571 | ||
28c85daf LP |
6572 | * When creating transient services via the bus API it is now |
6573 | possible to pass in a set of file descriptors to use as | |
6574 | STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR for the invoked process. | |
a11c7ea5 | 6575 | |
f1f8a5a5 LP |
6576 | * Slice units may now be created transiently via the bus APIs, |
6577 | similar to the way service and scope units may already be | |
6578 | created transiently. | |
6579 | ||
a11c7ea5 LP |
6580 | * Wherever systemd expects a calendar timestamp specification |
6581 | (like in journalctl's --since= and --until= switches) UTC | |
6582 | timestamps are now supported. Timestamps suffixed with "UTC" | |
6583 | are now considered to be in Universal Time Coordinated | |
6584 | instead of the local timezone. Also, timestamps may now | |
815bb5bd | 6585 | optionally be specified with sub-second accuracy. Both of |
a11c7ea5 LP |
6586 | these additions also apply to recurring calendar event |
6587 | specification, such as OnCalendar= in timer units. | |
6588 | ||
28c85daf LP |
6589 | * journalctl gained a new "--sync" switch that asks the |
6590 | journal daemon to write all so far unwritten log messages to | |
6591 | disk and sync the files, before returning. | |
6592 | ||
a11c7ea5 LP |
6593 | * systemd-tmpfiles learned two new line types "q" and "Q" that |
6594 | operate like "v", but also set up a basic btrfs quota | |
6595 | hierarchy when used on a btrfs file system with quota | |
6596 | enabled. | |
6597 | ||
f1f8a5a5 LP |
6598 | * tmpfiles' "v", "q" and "Q" will now create a plain directory |
6599 | instead of a subvolume (even on a btrfs file system) if the | |
6600 | root directory is a plain directory, and not a | |
6601 | subvolume. This should simplify things with certain chroot() | |
6602 | environments which are not aware of the concept of btrfs | |
6603 | subvolumes. | |
6604 | ||
a11c7ea5 LP |
6605 | * systemd-detect-virt gained a new --chroot switch to detect |
6606 | whether execution takes place in a chroot() environment. | |
6607 | ||
28c85daf | 6608 | * CPUAffinity= now takes CPU index ranges in addition to |
a11c7ea5 LP |
6609 | individual indexes. |
6610 | ||
28c85daf | 6611 | * The various memory-related resource limit settings (such as |
1d3a473b | 6612 | LimitAS=) now understand the usual K, M, G, … suffixes to |
28c85daf | 6613 | the base of 1024 (IEC). Similar, the time-related resource |
1d3a473b ZJS |
6614 | limit settings understand the usual min, h, day, … suffixes |
6615 | now. | |
28c85daf | 6616 | |
f1f8a5a5 LP |
6617 | * There's a new system.conf setting DefaultTasksMax= to |
6618 | control the default TasksMax= setting for services and | |
6619 | scopes running on the system. (TasksMax= is the primary | |
6620 | setting that exposes the "pids" cgroup controller on systemd | |
6621 | and was introduced in the previous systemd release.) The | |
6622 | setting now defaults to 512, which means services that are | |
6623 | not explicitly configured otherwise will only be able to | |
6624 | create 512 processes or threads at maximum, from this | |
6625 | version on. Note that this means that thread- or | |
6626 | process-heavy services might need to be reconfigured to set | |
6627 | TasksMax= to a higher value. It is sufficient to set | |
6628 | TasksMax= in these specific unit files to a higher value, or | |
6629 | even "infinity". Similar, there's now a logind.conf setting | |
6630 | UserTasksMax= that defaults to 4096 and limits the total | |
6631 | number of processes or tasks each user may own | |
6632 | concurrently. nspawn containers also have the TasksMax= | |
6633 | value set by default now, to 8192. Note that all of this | |
6634 | only has an effect if the "pids" cgroup controller is | |
6635 | enabled in the kernel. The general benefit of these changes | |
6636 | should be a more robust and safer system, that provides a | |
6637 | certain amount of per-service fork() bomb protection. | |
6638 | ||
28c85daf LP |
6639 | * systemd-nspawn gained the new --network-veth-extra= switch |
6640 | to define additional and arbitrarily-named virtual Ethernet | |
6641 | links between the host and the container. | |
6642 | ||
6643 | * A new service execution setting PassEnvironment= has been | |
6644 | added that allows importing select environment variables | |
6645 | from PID1's environment block into the environment block of | |
6646 | the service. | |
6647 | ||
ddb4b0d3 | 6648 | * Timer units gained support for a new RemainAfterElapse= |
595bfe7d | 6649 | setting which takes a boolean argument. It defaults to on, |
ddb4b0d3 LP |
6650 | exposing behaviour unchanged to previous releases. If set to |
6651 | off, timer units are unloaded after they elapsed if they | |
6652 | cannot elapse again. This is particularly useful for | |
6653 | transient timer units, which shall not stay around longer | |
6654 | than until they first elapse. | |
6655 | ||
a11c7ea5 | 6656 | * systemd will now bump the net.unix.max_dgram_qlen to 512 by |
28c85daf LP |
6657 | default now (the kernel default is 16). This is beneficial |
6658 | for avoiding blocking on AF_UNIX/SOCK_DGRAM sockets since it | |
a11c7ea5 LP |
6659 | allows substantially larger numbers of queued |
6660 | datagrams. This should increase the capability of systemd to | |
6661 | parallelize boot-up, as logging and sd_notify() are unlikely | |
6662 | to stall execution anymore. If you need to change the value | |
6663 | from the new defaults, use the usual sysctl.d/ snippets. | |
6664 | ||
28c85daf LP |
6665 | * The compression framing format used by the journal or |
6666 | coredump processing has changed to be in line with what the | |
6667 | official LZ4 tools generate. LZ4 compression support in | |
6668 | systemd was considered unsupported previously, as the format | |
6669 | was not compatible with the normal tools. With this release | |
6670 | this has changed now, and it is hence safe for downstream | |
6671 | distributions to turn it on. While not compressing as well | |
815bb5bd | 6672 | as the XZ, LZ4 is substantially faster, which makes |
28c85daf LP |
6673 | it a good default choice for the compression logic in the |
6674 | journal and in coredump handling. | |
a11c7ea5 | 6675 | |
28c85daf LP |
6676 | * Any reference to /etc/mtab has been dropped from |
6677 | systemd. The file has been obsolete since a while, but | |
6678 | systemd refused to work on systems where it was incorrectly | |
815bb5bd | 6679 | set up (it should be a symlink or non-existent). Please make |
28c85daf LP |
6680 | sure to update to util-linux 2.27.1 or newer in conjunction |
6681 | with this systemd release, which also drops any reference to | |
6682 | /etc/mtab. If you maintain a distribution make sure that no | |
6683 | software you package still references it, as this is a | |
6684 | likely source of bugs. There's also a glibc bug pending, | |
6685 | asking for removal of any reference to this obsolete file: | |
6686 | ||
6687 | https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=19108 | |
a11c7ea5 | 6688 | |
d5bd92bb LP |
6689 | Note that only util-linux versions built with |
6690 | --enable-libmount-force-mountinfo are supported. | |
6691 | ||
a11c7ea5 LP |
6692 | * Support for the ".snapshot" unit type has been removed. This |
6693 | feature turned out to be little useful and little used, and | |
6694 | has now been removed from the core and from systemctl. | |
6695 | ||
b9e2f7eb LP |
6696 | * The dependency types RequiresOverridable= and |
6697 | RequisiteOverridable= have been removed from systemd. They | |
6698 | have been used only very sparingly to our knowledge and | |
6699 | other options that provide a similar effect (such as | |
6700 | systemctl --mode=ignore-dependencies) are much more useful | |
6701 | and commonly used. Moreover, they were only half-way | |
6702 | implemented as the option to control behaviour regarding | |
6703 | these dependencies was never added to systemctl. By removing | |
6704 | these dependency types the execution engine becomes a bit | |
6705 | simpler. Unit files that use these dependencies should be | |
6706 | changed to use the non-Overridable dependency types | |
6707 | instead. In fact, when parsing unit files with these | |
6708 | options, that's what systemd will automatically convert them | |
6709 | too, but it will also warn, asking users to fix the unit | |
6710 | files accordingly. Removal of these dependency types should | |
6711 | only affect a negligible number of unit files in the wild. | |
6712 | ||
6713 | * Behaviour of networkd's IPForward= option changed | |
6714 | (again). It will no longer maintain a per-interface setting, | |
6715 | but propagate one way from interfaces where this is enabled | |
6716 | to the global kernel setting. The global setting will be | |
6717 | enabled when requested by a network that is set up, but | |
6718 | never be disabled again. This change was made to make sure | |
6719 | IPv4 and IPv6 behaviour regarding packet forwarding is | |
6720 | similar (as the Linux IPv6 stack does not support | |
6721 | per-interface control of this setting) and to minimize | |
6722 | surprises. | |
6723 | ||
28c85daf LP |
6724 | * In unit files the behaviour of %u, %U, %h, %s has |
6725 | changed. These specifiers will now unconditionally resolve | |
6726 | to the various user database fields of the user that the | |
6727 | systemd instance is running as, instead of the user | |
6728 | configured in the specific unit via User=. Note that this | |
6729 | effectively doesn't change much, as resolving of these | |
6730 | specifiers was already turned off in the --system instance | |
6731 | of systemd, as we cannot do NSS lookups from PID 1. In the | |
6732 | --user instance of systemd these specifiers where correctly | |
6733 | resolved, but hardly made any sense, since the user instance | |
6734 | lacks privileges to do user switches anyway, and User= is | |
ce830873 | 6735 | hence useless. Moreover, even in the --user instance of |
28c85daf LP |
6736 | systemd behaviour was awkward as it would only take settings |
6737 | from User= assignment placed before the specifier into | |
6738 | account. In order to unify and simplify the logic around | |
6739 | this the specifiers will now always resolve to the | |
6740 | credentials of the user invoking the manager (which in case | |
6741 | of PID 1 is the root user). | |
6742 | ||
6743 | Contributions from: Andrew Jones, Beniamino Galvani, Boyuan | |
6744 | Yang, Daniel Machon, Daniel Mack, David Herrmann, David | |
6745 | Reynolds, David Strauss, Dongsu Park, Evgeny Vereshchagin, | |
f1f8a5a5 LP |
6746 | Felipe Sateler, Filipe Brandenburger, Franck Bui, Hristo |
6747 | Venev, Iago López Galeiras, Jan Engelhardt, Jan Janssen, Jan | |
6748 | Synacek, Jesus Ornelas Aguayo, Karel Zak, kayrus, Kay Sievers, | |
6749 | Lennart Poettering, Liu Yuan Yuan, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel | |
6750 | Holtmann, Marcin Bachry, Marcos Alano, Marcos Mello, Mark | |
6751 | Theunissen, Martin Pitt, Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, | |
6752 | Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Mirco Tischler, Nick Owens, | |
6753 | Nicolas Cornu, Patrik Flykt, Peter Hutterer, reverendhomer, | |
6754 | Ronny Chevalier, Sangjung Woo, Seong-ho Cho, Shawn Landden, | |
6755 | Susant Sahani, Thomas Haller, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, | |
6756 | Tom Gundersen, Torstein Husebø, Vito Caputo, Zbigniew | |
6757 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
28c85daf | 6758 | |
ccddd104 | 6759 | — Berlin, 2015-11-18 |
a11c7ea5 | 6760 | |
c97e586d DM |
6761 | CHANGES WITH 227: |
6762 | ||
6763 | * systemd now depends on util-linux v2.27. More specifically, | |
6764 | the newly added mount monitor feature in libmount now | |
6765 | replaces systemd's former own implementation. | |
6766 | ||
6767 | * libmount mandates /etc/mtab not to be regular file, and | |
6768 | systemd now enforces this condition at early boot. | |
6769 | /etc/mtab has been deprecated and warned about for a very | |
6770 | long time, so systems running systemd should already have | |
6771 | stopped having this file around as anything else than a | |
6772 | symlink to /proc/self/mounts. | |
6773 | ||
d046fb93 LP |
6774 | * Support for the "pids" cgroup controller has been added. It |
6775 | allows accounting the number of tasks in a cgroup and | |
c97e586d DM |
6776 | enforcing limits on it. This adds two new setting |
6777 | TasksAccounting= and TasksMax= to each unit, as well as a | |
6fd5517b | 6778 | global option DefaultTasksAccounting=. |
c97e586d DM |
6779 | |
6780 | * Support for the "net_cls" cgroup controller has been added. | |
fe08a30b LP |
6781 | It allows assigning a net class ID to each task in the |
6782 | cgroup, which can then be used in firewall rules and traffic | |
6783 | shaping configurations. Note that the kernel netfilter net | |
6784 | class code does not currently work reliably for ingress | |
6785 | packets on unestablished sockets. | |
c97e586d DM |
6786 | |
6787 | This adds a new config directive called NetClass= to CGroup | |
6fd5517b | 6788 | enabled units. Allowed values are positive numbers for fixed |
c97e586d DM |
6789 | assignments and "auto" for picking a free value |
6790 | automatically. | |
6791 | ||
21d86c61 DM |
6792 | * 'systemctl is-system-running' now returns 'offline' if the |
6793 | system is not booted with systemd. This command can now be | |
6794 | used as a substitute for 'systemd-notify --booted'. | |
6795 | ||
6796 | * Watchdog timeouts have been increased to 3 minutes for all | |
6797 | in-tree service files. Apparently, disk IO issues are more | |
6798 | frequent than we hoped, and user reported >1 minute waiting | |
6799 | for disk IO. | |
6800 | ||
6801 | * 'machine-id-commit' functionality has been merged into | |
6802 | 'machine-id-setup --commit'. The separate binary has been | |
6803 | removed. | |
6804 | ||
d046fb93 LP |
6805 | * The WorkingDirectory= directive in unit files may now be set |
6806 | to the special value '~'. In this case, the working | |
6807 | directory is set to the home directory of the user | |
6808 | configured in User=. | |
21d86c61 | 6809 | |
fe08a30b LP |
6810 | * "machinectl shell" will now open the shell in the home |
6811 | directory of the selected user by default. | |
6812 | ||
21d86c61 | 6813 | * The CrashChVT= configuration file setting is renamed to |
d046fb93 LP |
6814 | CrashChangeVT=, following our usual logic of not |
6815 | abbreviating unnecessarily. The old directive is still | |
6816 | supported for compat reasons. Also, this directive now takes | |
6817 | an integer value between 1 and 63, or a boolean value. The | |
6818 | formerly supported '-1' value for disabling stays around for | |
6819 | compat reasons. | |
21d86c61 | 6820 | |
fe08a30b | 6821 | * The PrivateTmp=, PrivateDevices=, PrivateNetwork=, |
8b5f9d15 | 6822 | NoNewPrivileges=, TTYPath=, WorkingDirectory= and |
fe08a30b LP |
6823 | RootDirectory= properties can now be set for transient |
6824 | units. | |
6825 | ||
6826 | * The systemd-analyze tool gained a new "set-log-target" verb | |
6827 | to change the logging target the system manager logs to | |
6828 | dynamically during runtime. This is similar to how | |
6829 | "systemd-analyze set-log-level" already changes the log | |
6830 | level. | |
6831 | ||
6832 | * In nspawn /sys is now mounted as tmpfs, with only a selected | |
6833 | set of subdirectories mounted in from the real sysfs. This | |
6834 | enhances security slightly, and is useful for ensuring user | |
6835 | namespaces work correctly. | |
6836 | ||
6837 | * Support for USB FunctionFS activation has been added. This | |
6838 | allows implementation of USB gadget services that are | |
6839 | activated as soon as they are requested, so that they don't | |
595bfe7d | 6840 | have to run continuously, similar to classic socket |
fe08a30b LP |
6841 | activation. |
6842 | ||
6843 | * The "systemctl exit" command now optionally takes an | |
6844 | additional parameter that sets the exit code to return from | |
6845 | the systemd manager when exiting. This is only relevant when | |
6846 | running the systemd user instance, or when running the | |
6847 | system instance in a container. | |
6848 | ||
6849 | * sd-bus gained the new API calls sd_bus_path_encode_many() | |
6850 | and sd_bus_path_decode_many() that allow easy encoding and | |
6851 | decoding of multiple identifier strings inside a D-Bus | |
6852 | object path. Another new call sd_bus_default_flush_close() | |
6853 | has been added to flush and close per-thread default | |
6854 | connections. | |
6855 | ||
6856 | * systemd-cgtop gained support for a -M/--machine= switch to | |
6857 | show the control groups within a certain container only. | |
6858 | ||
6859 | * "systemctl kill" gained support for an optional --fail | |
6860 | switch. If specified the requested operation will fail of no | |
6861 | processes have been killed, because the unit had no | |
6862 | processes attached, or similar. | |
6863 | ||
bdba9227 DM |
6864 | * A new systemd.crash_reboot=1 kernel command line option has |
6865 | been added that triggers a reboot after crashing. This can | |
6866 | also be set through CrashReboot= in systemd.conf. | |
6867 | ||
6868 | * The RuntimeDirectory= setting now understands unit | |
6869 | specifiers like %i or %f. | |
6870 | ||
ce830873 | 6871 | * A new (still internal) library API sd-ipv4acd has been added, |
fe08a30b LP |
6872 | that implements address conflict detection for IPv4. It's |
6873 | based on code from sd-ipv4ll, and will be useful for | |
6874 | detecting DHCP address conflicts. | |
6875 | ||
bdba9227 DM |
6876 | * File descriptors passed during socket activation may now be |
6877 | named. A new API sd_listen_fds_with_names() is added to | |
a8eaaee7 | 6878 | access the names. The default names may be overridden, |
bdba9227 DM |
6879 | either in the .socket file using the FileDescriptorName= |
6880 | parameter, or by passing FDNAME= when storing the file | |
6881 | descriptors using sd_notify(). | |
fe08a30b | 6882 | |
d046fb93 LP |
6883 | * systemd-networkd gained support for: |
6884 | ||
0053598f | 6885 | - Setting the IPv6 Router Advertisement settings via |
edf4126f | 6886 | IPv6AcceptRouterAdvertisements= in .network files. |
d046fb93 LP |
6887 | |
6888 | - Configuring the HelloTimeSec=, MaxAgeSec= and | |
6889 | ForwardDelaySec= bridge parameters in .netdev files. | |
6890 | ||
6891 | - Configuring PreferredSource= for static routes in | |
edf4126f | 6892 | .network files. |
fe08a30b | 6893 | |
bdba9227 DM |
6894 | * The "ask-password" framework used to query for LUKS harddisk |
6895 | passwords or SSL passwords during boot gained support for | |
6896 | caching passwords in the kernel keyring, if it is | |
6897 | available. This makes sure that the user only has to type in | |
6898 | a passphrase once if there are multiple objects to unlock | |
6899 | with the same one. Previously, such password caching was | |
6900 | available only when Plymouth was used; this moves the | |
6901 | caching logic into the systemd codebase itself. The | |
6902 | "systemd-ask-password" utility gained a new --keyname= | |
6903 | switch to control which kernel keyring key to use for | |
6904 | caching a password in. This functionality is also useful for | |
6905 | enabling display managers such as gdm to automatically | |
6906 | unlock the user's GNOME keyring if its passphrase, the | |
6907 | user's password and the harddisk password are the same, if | |
6908 | gdm-autologin is used. | |
fe08a30b LP |
6909 | |
6910 | * When downloading tar or raw images using "machinectl | |
6911 | pull-tar" or "machinectl pull-raw", a matching ".nspawn" | |
6912 | file is now also downloaded, if it is available and stored | |
6913 | next to the image file. | |
c97e586d | 6914 | |
91d0d699 LP |
6915 | * Units of type ".socket" gained a new boolean setting |
6916 | Writable= which is only useful in conjunction with | |
6917 | ListenSpecial=. If true, enables opening the specified | |
6918 | special file in O_RDWR mode rather than O_RDONLY mode. | |
6919 | ||
6920 | * systemd-rfkill has been reworked to become a singleton | |
6921 | service that is activated through /dev/rfkill on each rfkill | |
6922 | state change and saves the settings to disk. This way, | |
6923 | systemd-rfkill is now compatible with devices that exist | |
6924 | only intermittendly, and even restores state if the previous | |
6925 | system shutdown was abrupt rather than clean. | |
6926 | ||
d046fb93 LP |
6927 | * The journal daemon gained support for vacuuming old journal |
6928 | files controlled by the number of files that shall remain, | |
6929 | in addition to the already existing control by size and by | |
6930 | date. This is useful as journal interleaving performance | |
6dd6a9c4 | 6931 | degrades with too many separate journal files, and allows |
d046fb93 LP |
6932 | putting an effective limit on them. The new setting defaults |
6933 | to 100, but this may be changed by setting SystemMaxFiles= | |
6934 | and RuntimeMaxFiles= in journald.conf. Also, the | |
6935 | "journalctl" tool gained the new --vacuum-files= switch to | |
6936 | manually vacuum journal files to leave only the specified | |
6937 | number of files in place. | |
c48eb61f | 6938 | |
bdba9227 DM |
6939 | * udev will now create /dev/disk/by-path links for ATA devices |
6940 | on kernels where that is supported. | |
c30f086f | 6941 | |
efce0ffe | 6942 | * Galician, Serbian, Turkish and Korean translations were added. |
c97e586d | 6943 | |
61e6771c LP |
6944 | Contributions from: Aaro Koskinen, Alban Crequy, Beniamino |
6945 | Galvani, Benjamin Robin, Branislav Blaskovic, Chen-Han Hsiao | |
6946 | (Stanley), Daniel Buch, Daniel Machon, Daniel Mack, David | |
6947 | Herrmann, David Milburn, doubleodoug, Evgeny Vereshchagin, | |
6948 | Felipe Franciosi, Filipe Brandenburger, Fran Dieguez, Gabriel | |
6949 | de Perthuis, Georg Müller, Hans de Goede, Hendrik Brueckner, | |
6950 | Ivan Shapovalov, Jacob Keller, Jan Engelhardt, Jan Janssen, | |
6951 | Jan Synacek, Jens Kuske, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, Krzesimir | |
6952 | Nowak, Krzysztof Kotlenga, Lars Uebernickel, Lennart | |
6953 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Łukasz Stelmach, Maciej Wereski, | |
6954 | Marcel Holtmann, Marius Thesing, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, | |
6955 | Michael Gebetsroither, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Mike | |
6956 | Gilbert, Muhammet Kara, nazgul77, Nicolas Cornu, NoXPhasma, | |
6957 | Olof Johansson, Patrik Flykt, Pawel Szewczyk, reverendhomer, | |
6958 | Ronny Chevalier, Sangjung Woo, Seong-ho Cho, Susant Sahani, | |
6959 | Sylvain Plantefève, Thomas Haller, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel | |
6960 | Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Tom Lyon, Viktar Vauchkevich, | |
6961 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Марко М. Костић | |
6962 | ||
ccddd104 | 6963 | — Berlin, 2015-10-07 |
c97e586d | 6964 | |
c9912c5e DH |
6965 | CHANGES WITH 226: |
6966 | ||
5e8d4254 LP |
6967 | * The DHCP implementation of systemd-networkd gained a set of |
6968 | new features: | |
6969 | ||
6970 | - The DHCP server now supports emitting DNS and NTP | |
6971 | information. It may be enabled and configured via | |
6972 | EmitDNS=, DNS=, EmitNTP=, and NTP=. If transmission of DNS | |
6973 | and NTP information is enabled, but no servers are | |
6974 | configured, the corresponding uplink information (if there | |
6975 | is any) is propagated. | |
6976 | ||
6977 | - Server and client now support transmission and reception | |
6978 | of timezone information. It can be configured via the | |
6979 | newly introduced network options UseTimezone=, | |
6980 | EmitTimezone=, and Timezone=. Transmission of timezone | |
6981 | information is enabled between host and containers by | |
6982 | default now: the container will change its local timezone | |
6983 | to what the host has set. | |
6984 | ||
6985 | - Lease timeouts can now be configured via | |
6986 | MaxLeaseTimeSec= and DefaultLeaseTimeSec=. | |
6987 | ||
6988 | - The DHCP server improved on the stability of | |
6989 | leases. Clients are more likely to get the same lease | |
6990 | information back, even if the server loses state. | |
6991 | ||
6992 | - The DHCP server supports two new configuration options to | |
6993 | control the lease address pool metrics, PoolOffset= and | |
6994 | PoolSize=. | |
6995 | ||
6996 | * The encapsulation limit of tunnels in systemd-networkd may | |
6997 | now be configured via 'EncapsulationLimit='. It allows | |
6998 | modifying the maximum additional levels of encapsulation | |
6999 | that are permitted to be prepended to a packet. | |
7000 | ||
7001 | * systemd now supports the concept of user buses replacing | |
7002 | session buses, if used with dbus-1.10 (and enabled via dbus | |
7003 | --enable-user-session). It previously only supported this on | |
7004 | kdbus-enabled systems, and this release expands this to | |
7005 | 'dbus-daemon' systems. | |
7006 | ||
7007 | * systemd-networkd now supports predictable interface names | |
7008 | for virtio devices. | |
7009 | ||
7010 | * systemd now optionally supports the new Linux kernel | |
7011 | "unified" control group hierarchy. If enabled via the kernel | |
7012 | command-line option 'systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy=1', | |
7013 | systemd will try to mount the unified cgroup hierarchy | |
7014 | directly on /sys/fs/cgroup. If not enabled, or not | |
7015 | available, systemd will fall back to the legacy cgroup | |
7016 | hierarchy setup, as before. Host system and containers can | |
7017 | mix and match legacy and unified hierarchies as they | |
856ca72b | 7018 | wish. nspawn understands the $UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY |
5e8d4254 LP |
7019 | environment variable to individually select the hierarchy to |
7020 | use for executed containers. By default, nspawn will use the | |
7021 | unified hierarchy for the containers if the host uses the | |
7022 | unified hierarchy, and the legacy hierarchy otherwise. | |
7023 | Please note that at this point the unified hierarchy is an | |
7024 | experimental kernel feature and is likely to change in one | |
7025 | of the next kernel releases. Therefore, it should not be | |
7026 | enabled by default in downstream distributions yet. The | |
7027 | minimum required kernel version for the unified hierarchy to | |
7028 | work is 4.2. Note that when the unified hierarchy is used | |
7029 | for the first time delegated access to controllers is | |
7030 | safe. Because of this systemd-nspawn containers will get | |
7031 | access to controllers now, as will systemd user | |
7032 | sessions. This means containers and user sessions may now | |
7033 | manage their own resources, partitioning up what the system | |
7034 | grants them. | |
7035 | ||
7036 | * A new special scope unit "init.scope" has been introduced | |
7037 | that encapsulates PID 1 of the system. It may be used to | |
7038 | determine resource usage and enforce resource limits on PID | |
7039 | 1 itself. PID 1 hence moved out of the root of the control | |
7040 | group tree. | |
7041 | ||
7042 | * The cgtop tool gained support for filtering out kernel | |
7043 | threads when counting tasks in a control group. Also, the | |
7044 | count of processes is now recursively summed up by | |
7045 | default. Two options -k and --recursive= have been added to | |
7046 | revert to old behaviour. The tool has also been updated to | |
7047 | work correctly in containers now. | |
7048 | ||
7049 | * systemd-nspawn's --bind= and --bind-ro= options have been | |
7050 | extended to allow creation of non-recursive bind mounts. | |
7051 | ||
c626bf1d DM |
7052 | * libsystemd gained two new calls sd_pid_get_cgroup() and |
7053 | sd_peer_get_cgroup() which return the control group path of | |
5e8d4254 LP |
7054 | a process or peer of a connected AF_UNIX socket. This |
7055 | function call is particularly useful when implementing | |
7056 | delegated subtrees support in the control group hierarchy. | |
7057 | ||
7058 | * The "sd-event" event loop API of libsystemd now supports | |
7059 | correct dequeuing of real-time signals, without losing | |
7060 | signal events. | |
7061 | ||
d35f51ea ZJS |
7062 | * When systemd requests a polkit decision when managing units it |
7063 | will now add additional fields to the request, including unit | |
7064 | name and desired operation. This enables more powerful polkit | |
7065 | policies, that make decisions depending on these parameters. | |
c9912c5e | 7066 | |
47f5a38c LP |
7067 | * nspawn learnt support for .nspawn settings files, that may |
7068 | accompany the image files or directories of containers, and | |
7069 | may contain additional settings for the container. This is | |
7070 | an alternative to configuring container parameters via the | |
7071 | nspawn command line. | |
7072 | ||
2f77decc LP |
7073 | Contributions from: Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Mack, David |
7074 | Herrmann, Eugene Yakubovich, Evgeny Vereshchagin, Filipe | |
7075 | Brandenburger, Hans de Goede, Jan Alexander Steffens, Jan | |
7076 | Synacek, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Mangix, Marcel | |
7077 | Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Chapman, Michal | |
7078 | Sekletar, Peter Hutterer, Piotr Drąg, reverendhomer, Robin | |
7079 | Hack, Susant Sahani, Sylvain Pasche, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel | |
23d08d1b | 7080 | Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Torstein Husebø |
c9912c5e | 7081 | |
ccddd104 | 7082 | — Berlin, 2015-09-08 |
c9912c5e | 7083 | |
ec5249a2 DM |
7084 | CHANGES WITH 225: |
7085 | ||
5e8d4254 LP |
7086 | * machinectl gained a new verb 'shell' which opens a fresh |
7087 | shell on the target container or the host. It is similar to | |
7088 | the existing 'login' command of machinectl, but spawns the | |
7089 | shell directly without prompting for username or | |
7090 | password. The pseudo machine '.host' now refers to the local | |
7091 | host and is used by default. Hence, 'machinectl shell' can | |
7092 | be used as replacement for 'su -' which spawns a session as | |
7093 | a fresh systemd unit in a way that is fully isolated from | |
7094 | the originating session. | |
7095 | ||
7096 | * systemd-networkd learned to cope with private-zone DHCP | |
7097 | options and allows other programs to query the values. | |
7098 | ||
7099 | * SELinux access control when enabling/disabling units is no | |
d35f51ea ZJS |
7100 | longer enforced with this release. The previous implementation |
7101 | was incorrect, and a new corrected implementation is not yet | |
7102 | available. As unit file operations are still protected via | |
7103 | polkit and D-Bus policy this is not a security problem. Yet, | |
7104 | distributions which care about optimal SELinux support should | |
7105 | probably not stabilize on this release. | |
5e8d4254 LP |
7106 | |
7107 | * sd-bus gained support for matches of type "arg0has=", that | |
7108 | test for membership of strings in string arrays sent in bus | |
7109 | messages. | |
7110 | ||
7111 | * systemd-resolved now dumps the contents of its DNS and LLMNR | |
7112 | caches to the logs on reception of the SIGUSR1 signal. This | |
7113 | is useful to debug DNS behaviour. | |
7114 | ||
7115 | * The coredumpctl tool gained a new --directory= option to | |
7116 | operate on journal files in a specific directory. | |
7117 | ||
7118 | * "systemctl reboot" and related commands gained a new | |
7119 | "--message=" option which may be used to set a free-text | |
7120 | wall message when shutting down or rebooting the | |
7121 | system. This message is also logged, which is useful for | |
7122 | figuring out the reason for a reboot or shutdown a | |
7123 | posteriori. | |
7124 | ||
7125 | * The "systemd-resolve-host" tool's -i switch now takes | |
7126 | network interface numbers as alternative to interface names. | |
7127 | ||
7128 | * A new unit file setting for services has been introduced: | |
7129 | UtmpMode= allows configuration of how precisely systemd | |
7130 | handles utmp and wtmp entries for the service if this is | |
7131 | enabled. This allows writing services that appear similar to | |
7132 | user sessions in the output of the "w", "who", "last" and | |
7133 | "lastlog" tools. | |
7134 | ||
7135 | * systemd-resolved will now locally synthesize DNS resource | |
7136 | records for the "localhost" and "gateway" domains as well as | |
7137 | the local hostname. This should ensure that clients querying | |
7138 | RRs via resolved will get similar results as those going via | |
7139 | NSS, if nss-myhostname is enabled. | |
7140 | ||
7141 | Contributions from: Alastair Hughes, Alex Crawford, Daniel | |
7142 | Mack, David Herrmann, Dimitri John Ledkov, Eric Kostrowski, | |
7143 | Evgeny Vereshchagin, Felipe Sateler, HATAYAMA Daisuke, Jan | |
7144 | Pokorný, Jan Synacek, Johnny Robeson, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, | |
7145 | Kefeng Wang, Lennart Poettering, Major Hayden, Marcel | |
7146 | Holtmann, Markus Elfring, Martin Mikkelsen, Martin Pitt, Matt | |
7147 | Turner, Maxim Mikityanskiy, Michael Biebl, Namhyung Kim, | |
7148 | Nicolas Cornu, Owen W. Taylor, Patrik Flykt, Peter Hutterer, | |
7149 | reverendhomer, Richard Maw, Ronny Chevalier, Seth Jennings, | |
7150 | Stef Walter, Susant Sahani, Thomas Blume, Thomas Hindoe | |
7151 | Paaboel Andersen, Thomas Meyer, Tom Gundersen, Vincent Batts, | |
7152 | WaLyong Cho, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
e1439a14 | 7153 | |
ccddd104 | 7154 | — Berlin, 2015-08-27 |
ec5249a2 | 7155 | |
11811e85 DH |
7156 | CHANGES WITH 224: |
7157 | ||
10fa421c DH |
7158 | * The systemd-efi-boot-generator functionality was merged into |
7159 | systemd-gpt-auto-generator. | |
7160 | ||
5e8d4254 LP |
7161 | * systemd-networkd now supports Group Policy for vxlan |
7162 | devices. It can be enabled via the new boolean configuration | |
7163 | option called 'GroupPolicyExtension='. | |
10fa421c | 7164 | |
11811e85 DH |
7165 | Contributions from: Andreas Kempf, Christian Hesse, Daniel Mack, David |
7166 | Herrmann, Herman Fries, Johannes Nixdorf, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
7167 | Poettering, Peter Hutterer, Susant Sahani, Tom Gundersen | |
7168 | ||
ccddd104 | 7169 | — Berlin, 2015-07-31 |
11811e85 | 7170 | |
e57eaef8 DH |
7171 | CHANGES WITH 223: |
7172 | ||
7173 | * The python-systemd code has been removed from the systemd repository. | |
7174 | A new repository has been created which accommodates the code from | |
7175 | now on, and we kindly ask distributions to create a separate package | |
7176 | for this: https://github.com/systemd/python-systemd | |
7177 | ||
01608bc8 | 7178 | * The systemd daemon will now reload its main configuration |
e57eaef8 DH |
7179 | (/etc/systemd/system.conf) on daemon-reload. |
7180 | ||
7181 | * sd-dhcp now exposes vendor specific extensions via | |
7182 | sd_dhcp_lease_get_vendor_specific(). | |
7183 | ||
931618d0 DM |
7184 | * systemd-networkd gained a number of new configuration options. |
7185 | ||
7186 | - A new boolean configuration option for TAP devices called | |
37d54b93 | 7187 | 'VNetHeader='. If set, the IFF_VNET_HDR flag is set for the |
931618d0 DM |
7188 | device, thus allowing to send and receive GSO packets. |
7189 | ||
7190 | - A new tunnel configuration option called 'CopyDSCP='. | |
7191 | If enabled, the DSCP field of ip6 tunnels is copied into the | |
7192 | decapsulated packet. | |
7193 | ||
7194 | - A set of boolean bridge configuration options were added. | |
7195 | 'UseBPDU=', 'HairPin=', 'FastLeave=', 'AllowPortToBeRoot=', | |
7196 | and 'UnicastFlood=' are now parsed by networkd and applied to the | |
7197 | respective bridge link device via the respective IFLA_BRPORT_* | |
7198 | netlink attribute. | |
7199 | ||
7200 | - A new string configuration option to override the hostname sent | |
7201 | to a DHCP server, called 'Hostname='. If set and 'SendHostname=' | |
7202 | is true, networkd will use the configured hostname instead of the | |
7203 | system hostname when sending DHCP requests. | |
7204 | ||
7205 | - A new tunnel configuration option called 'IPv6FlowLabel='. If set, | |
7206 | networkd will configure the IPv6 flow-label of the tunnel device | |
7207 | according to RFC2460. | |
e57eaef8 | 7208 | |
f5f113f6 DH |
7209 | - The 'macvtap' virtual network devices are now supported, similar to |
7210 | the already supported 'macvlan' devices. | |
7211 | ||
e57eaef8 | 7212 | * systemd-resolved now implements RFC5452 to improve resilience against |
01608bc8 | 7213 | cache poisoning. Additionally, source port randomization is enabled |
e57eaef8 DH |
7214 | by default to further protect against DNS spoofing attacks. |
7215 | ||
7216 | * nss-mymachines now supports translating UIDs and GIDs of running | |
7217 | containers with user-namespaces enabled. If a container 'foo' | |
7218 | translates a host uid 'UID' to the container uid 'TUID', then | |
7219 | nss-mymachines will also map uid 'UID' to/from username 'vu-foo-TUID' | |
7220 | (with 'foo' and 'TUID' replaced accordingly). Similarly, groups are | |
7221 | mapped as 'vg-foo-TGID'. | |
7222 | ||
7223 | Contributions from: Beniamino Galvani, cee1, Christian Hesse, Daniel | |
e4e66993 DH |
7224 | Buch, Daniel Mack, daurnimator, David Herrmann, Dimitri John Ledkov, |
7225 | HATAYAMA Daisuke, Ivan Shapovalov, Jan Alexander Steffens (heftig), | |
7226 | Johan Ouwerkerk, Jose Carlos Venegas Munoz, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, | |
7227 | Lennart Poettering, Lidong Zhong, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael | |
7228 | Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Mike Gilbert, Namhyung Kim, | |
7229 | Nick Owens, Peter Hutterer, Richard Maw, Steven Allen, Sungbae Yoo, | |
7230 | Susant Sahani, Thomas Blume, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom | |
7231 | Gundersen, Torstein Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Vito Caputo, | |
7232 | Vivenzio Pagliari, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
7233 | ||
ccddd104 | 7234 | — Berlin, 2015-07-29 |
e57eaef8 | 7235 | |
0db83ad7 | 7236 | CHANGES WITH 222: |
5541c889 | 7237 | |
861b02eb KS |
7238 | * udev does not longer support the WAIT_FOR_SYSFS= key in udev rules. |
7239 | There are no known issues with current sysfs, and udev does not need | |
7240 | or should be used to work around such bugs. | |
7241 | ||
7242 | * udev does no longer enable USB HID power management. Several reports | |
7243 | indicate, that some devices cannot handle that setting. | |
0db83ad7 DH |
7244 | |
7245 | * The udev accelerometer helper was removed. The functionality | |
7246 | is now fully included in iio-sensor-proxy. But this means, | |
7247 | older iio-sensor-proxy versions will no longer provide | |
7248 | accelerometer/orientation data with this systemd version. | |
7249 | Please upgrade iio-sensor-proxy to version 1.0. | |
7250 | ||
5541c889 DH |
7251 | * networkd gained a new configuration option IPv6PrivacyExtensions= |
7252 | which enables IPv6 privacy extensions (RFC 4941, "Privacy Extensions | |
7253 | for Stateless Address") on selected networks. | |
7254 | ||
9b361114 DM |
7255 | * For the sake of fewer build-time dependencies and less code in the |
7256 | main repository, the python bindings are about to be removed in the | |
7257 | next release. A new repository has been created which accommodates | |
7258 | the code from now on, and we kindly ask distributions to create a | |
7259 | separate package for this. The removal will take place in v223. | |
7260 | ||
7261 | https://github.com/systemd/python-systemd | |
7262 | ||
0db83ad7 DH |
7263 | Contributions from: Abdo Roig-Maranges, Andrew Eikum, Bastien Nocera, |
7264 | Cédric Delmas, Christian Hesse, Christos Trochalakis, Daniel Mack, | |
7265 | daurnimator, David Herrmann, Dimitri John Ledkov, Eric Biggers, Eric | |
7266 | Cook, Felipe Sateler, Geert Jansen, Gerd Hoffmann, Gianpaolo Macario, | |
5541c889 DH |
7267 | Greg Kroah-Hartman, Iago López Galeiras, Jan Alexander Steffens |
7268 | (heftig), Jan Engelhardt, Jay Strict, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, | |
0db83ad7 DH |
7269 | Markus Knetschke, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Marineau, Michal |
7270 | Sekletar, Miguel Bernal Marin, Peter Hutterer, Richard Maw, rinrinne, | |
2d1ca112 DH |
7271 | Susant Sahani, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Torstein |
7272 | Husebø, Vedran Miletić, WaLyong Cho, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
0db83ad7 | 7273 | |
ccddd104 | 7274 | — Berlin, 2015-07-07 |
0db83ad7 | 7275 | |
0f0467e6 MP |
7276 | CHANGES WITH 221: |
7277 | ||
470e72d4 | 7278 | * The sd-bus.h and sd-event.h APIs have now been declared |
5f92d24f | 7279 | stable and have been added to the official interface of |
470e72d4 LP |
7280 | libsystemd.so. sd-bus implements an alternative D-Bus client |
7281 | library, that is relatively easy to use, very efficient and | |
7282 | supports both classic D-Bus as well as kdbus as transport | |
7283 | backend. sd-event is a generic event loop abstraction that | |
7284 | is built around Linux epoll, but adds features such as event | |
0aee49d5 | 7285 | prioritization or efficient timer handling. Both APIs are good |
470e72d4 LP |
7286 | choices for C programs looking for a bus and/or event loop |
7287 | implementation that is minimal and does not have to be | |
5f92d24f | 7288 | portable to other kernels. |
0f0467e6 | 7289 | |
470e72d4 LP |
7290 | * kdbus support is no longer compile-time optional. It is now |
7291 | always built-in. However, it can still be disabled at | |
7292 | runtime using the kdbus=0 kernel command line setting, and | |
c6551464 | 7293 | that setting may be changed to default to off, by specifying |
470e72d4 LP |
7294 | --disable-kdbus at build-time. Note though that the kernel |
7295 | command line setting has no effect if the kdbus.ko kernel | |
7296 | module is not installed, in which case kdbus is (obviously) | |
7297 | also disabled. We encourage all downstream distributions to | |
0aee49d5 | 7298 | begin testing kdbus by adding it to the kernel images in the |
470e72d4 LP |
7299 | development distributions, and leaving kdbus support in |
7300 | systemd enabled. | |
0f0467e6 | 7301 | |
470e72d4 LP |
7302 | * The minimal required util-linux version has been bumped to |
7303 | 2.26. | |
7304 | ||
7305 | * Support for chkconfig (--enable-chkconfig) was removed in | |
0aee49d5 | 7306 | favor of calling an abstraction tool |
470e72d4 LP |
7307 | /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install. This needs to be |
7308 | implemented for your distribution. See "SYSV INIT.D SCRIPTS" | |
7309 | in README for details. | |
7310 | ||
7311 | * If there's a systemd unit and a SysV init script for the | |
7312 | same service name, and the user executes "systemctl enable" | |
7313 | for it (or a related call), then this will now enable both | |
7314 | (or execute the related operation on both), not just the | |
7315 | unit. | |
7316 | ||
7317 | * The libudev API documentation has been converted from gtkdoc | |
7318 | into man pages. | |
7319 | ||
7320 | * gudev has been removed from the systemd tree, it is now an | |
7321 | external project. | |
7322 | ||
7323 | * The systemd-cgtop tool learnt a new --raw switch to generate | |
0aee49d5 | 7324 | "raw" (machine parsable) output. |
470e72d4 LP |
7325 | |
7326 | * networkd's IPForwarding= .network file setting learnt the | |
7327 | new setting "kernel", which ensures that networkd does not | |
7328 | change the IP forwarding sysctl from the default kernel | |
7329 | state. | |
7330 | ||
7331 | * The systemd-logind bus API now exposes a new boolean | |
7332 | property "Docked" that reports whether logind considers the | |
7333 | system "docked", i.e. connected to a docking station or not. | |
7334 | ||
7335 | Contributions from: Alex Crawford, Andreas Pokorny, Andrei | |
7336 | Borzenkov, Charles Duffy, Colin Guthrie, Cristian Rodríguez, | |
7337 | Daniele Medri, Daniel Hahler, Daniel Mack, David Herrmann, | |
7338 | David Mohr, Dimitri John Ledkov, Djalal Harouni, dslul, Ed | |
7339 | Swierk, Eric Cook, Filipe Brandenburger, Gianpaolo Macario, | |
7340 | Harald Hoyer, Iago López Galeiras, Igor Vuk, Jan Synacek, | |
7341 | Jason Pleau, Jason S. McMullan, Jean Delvare, Jeff Huang, | |
7342 | Jonathan Boulle, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, kloun, Lennart | |
7343 | Poettering, Marc-Antoine Perennou, Marcel Holtmann, Mario | |
7344 | Limonciello, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, | |
7345 | Michal Schmidt, Mike Gilbert, Nick Owens, Pablo Lezaeta Reyes, | |
b912e251 LP |
7346 | Patrick Donnelly, Pavel Odvody, Peter Hutterer, Philip |
7347 | Withnall, Ronny Chevalier, Simon McVittie, Susant Sahani, | |
7348 | Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Torstein | |
7349 | Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Viktar Vauchkevich, Werner | |
7350 | Fink, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
470e72d4 | 7351 | |
ccddd104 | 7352 | — Berlin, 2015-06-19 |
0f0467e6 | 7353 | |
481a0aa2 LP |
7354 | CHANGES WITH 220: |
7355 | ||
f7a73a25 DH |
7356 | * The gudev library has been extracted into a separate repository |
7357 | available at: https://git.gnome.org/browse/libgudev/ | |
7358 | It is now managed as part of the Gnome project. Distributions | |
7359 | are recommended to pass --disable-gudev to systemd and use | |
7360 | gudev from the Gnome project instead. gudev is still included | |
7361 | in systemd, for now. It will be removed soon, though. Please | |
7362 | also see the announcement-thread on systemd-devel: | |
56cadcb6 | 7363 | https://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2015-May/032070.html |
f7a73a25 | 7364 | |
481a0aa2 LP |
7365 | * systemd now exposes a CPUUsageNSec= property for each |
7366 | service unit on the bus, that contains the overall consumed | |
7367 | CPU time of a service (the sum of what each process of the | |
7368 | service consumed). This value is only available if | |
7369 | CPUAccounting= is turned on for a service, and is then shown | |
7370 | in the "systemctl status" output. | |
7371 | ||
7372 | * Support for configuring alternative mappings of the old SysV | |
7373 | runlevels to systemd targets has been removed. They are now | |
29d1fcb4 | 7374 | hardcoded in a way that runlevels 2, 3, 4 all map to |
481a0aa2 LP |
7375 | multi-user.target and 5 to graphical.target (which |
7376 | previously was already the default behaviour). | |
7377 | ||
7378 | * The auto-mounter logic gained support for mount point | |
7379 | expiry, using a new TimeoutIdleSec= setting in .automount | |
7380 | units. (Also available as x-systemd.idle-timeout= in /etc/fstab). | |
7381 | ||
7382 | * The EFI System Partition (ESP) as mounted to /boot by | |
7383 | systemd-efi-boot-generator will now be unmounted | |
29d1fcb4 | 7384 | automatically after 2 minutes of not being used. This should |
481a0aa2 LP |
7385 | minimize the risk of ESP corruptions. |
7386 | ||
7387 | * New /etc/fstab options x-systemd.requires= and | |
7388 | x-systemd.requires-mounts-for= are now supported to express | |
7389 | additional dependencies for mounts. This is useful for | |
28423d9a | 7390 | journaling file systems that support external journal |
481a0aa2 LP |
7391 | devices or overlay file systems that require underlying file |
7392 | systems to be mounted. | |
7393 | ||
7394 | * systemd does not support direct live-upgrades (via systemctl | |
7395 | daemon-reexec) from versions older than v44 anymore. As no | |
7396 | distribution we are aware of shipped such old versions in a | |
7397 | stable release this should not be problematic. | |
7398 | ||
7399 | * When systemd forks off a new per-connection service instance | |
7400 | it will now set the $REMOTE_ADDR environment variable to the | |
7401 | remote IP address, and $REMOTE_PORT environment variable to | |
7402 | the remote IP port. This behaviour is similar to the | |
7403 | corresponding environment variables defined by CGI. | |
7404 | ||
7405 | * systemd-networkd gained support for uplink failure | |
7406 | detection. The BindCarrier= option allows binding interface | |
7407 | configuration dynamically to the link sense of other | |
7408 | interfaces. This is useful to achieve behaviour like in | |
7409 | network switches. | |
7410 | ||
7411 | * systemd-networkd gained support for configuring the DHCP | |
7412 | client identifier to use when requesting leases. | |
7413 | ||
7414 | * systemd-networkd now has a per-network UseNTP= option to | |
7415 | configure whether NTP server information acquired via DHCP | |
7416 | is passed on to services like systemd-timesyncd. | |
7417 | ||
7418 | * systemd-networkd gained support for vti6 tunnels. | |
7419 | ||
1579dd2c LP |
7420 | * Note that systemd-networkd manages the sysctl variable |
7421 | /proc/sys/net/ipv[46]/conf/*/forwarding for each interface | |
7422 | it is configured for since v219. The variable controls IP | |
7423 | forwarding, and is a per-interface alternative to the global | |
7424 | /proc/sys/net/ipv[46]/ip_forward. This setting is | |
7425 | configurable in the IPForward= option, which defaults to | |
7426 | "no". This means if networkd is used for an interface it is | |
7427 | no longer sufficient to set the global sysctl option to turn | |
7428 | on IP forwarding! Instead, the .network file option | |
7429 | IPForward= needs to be turned on! Note that the | |
7430 | implementation of this behaviour was broken in v219 and has | |
7431 | been fixed in v220. | |
7432 | ||
481a0aa2 LP |
7433 | * Many bonding and vxlan options are now configurable in |
7434 | systemd-networkd. | |
7435 | ||
7436 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --property= setting to set unit | |
7437 | properties for the container scope. This is useful for | |
ce830873 | 7438 | setting resource parameters (e.g. "CPUShares=500") on |
481a0aa2 LP |
7439 | containers started from the command line. |
7440 | ||
7441 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --private-users= switch to make | |
7442 | use of user namespacing available on recent Linux kernels. | |
7443 | ||
7444 | * systemd-nspawn may now be called as part of a shell pipeline | |
7445 | in which case the pipes used for stdin and stdout are passed | |
7446 | directly to the process invoked in the container, without | |
7447 | indirection via a pseudo tty. | |
7448 | ||
7449 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new switch to control the UNIX | |
7450 | signal to use when killing the init process of the container | |
7451 | when shutting down. | |
7452 | ||
7453 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --overlay= switch for mounting | |
7454 | overlay file systems into the container using the new kernel | |
7455 | overlayfs support. | |
7456 | ||
7457 | * When a container image is imported via systemd-importd and | |
7458 | the host file system is not btrfs, a loopback block device | |
7459 | file is created in /var/lib/machines.raw with a btrfs file | |
7460 | system inside. It is then mounted to /var/lib/machines to | |
7461 | enable btrfs features for container management. The loopback | |
7462 | file and btrfs file system is grown as needed when container | |
7463 | images are imported via systemd-importd. | |
7464 | ||
7465 | * systemd-machined/systemd-importd gained support for btrfs | |
7466 | quota, to enforce container disk space limits on disk. This | |
7467 | is exposed in "machinectl set-limit". | |
7468 | ||
7469 | * systemd-importd now can import containers from local .tar, | |
7470 | .raw and .qcow2 images, and export them to .tar and .raw. It | |
7471 | can also import dkr v2 images now from the network (on top | |
7472 | of v1 as before). | |
7473 | ||
7474 | * systemd-importd gained support for verifying downloaded | |
7475 | images with gpg2 (previously only gpg1 was supported). | |
7476 | ||
d35f51ea ZJS |
7477 | * systemd-machined, systemd-logind, systemd: most bus calls are |
7478 | now accessible to unprivileged processes via polkit. Also, | |
7479 | systemd-logind will now allow users to kill their own sessions | |
7480 | without further privileges or authorization. | |
481a0aa2 LP |
7481 | |
7482 | * systemd-shutdownd has been removed. This service was | |
7483 | previously responsible for implementing scheduled shutdowns | |
7484 | as exposed in /usr/bin/shutdown's time parameter. This | |
7485 | functionality has now been moved into systemd-logind and is | |
7486 | accessible via a bus interface. | |
7487 | ||
7488 | * "systemctl reboot" gained a new switch --firmware-setup that | |
7489 | can be used to reboot into the EFI firmware setup, if that | |
7490 | is available. systemd-logind now exposes an API on the bus | |
7491 | to trigger such reboots, in case graphical desktop UIs want | |
7492 | to cover this functionality. | |
7493 | ||
7494 | * "systemctl enable", "systemctl disable" and "systemctl mask" | |
1579dd2c | 7495 | now support a new "--now" switch. If specified the units |
481a0aa2 LP |
7496 | that are enabled will also be started, and the ones |
7497 | disabled/masked also stopped. | |
7498 | ||
7499 | * The Gummiboot EFI boot loader tool has been merged into | |
1a2d5fbe DH |
7500 | systemd, and renamed to "systemd-boot". The bootctl tool has been |
7501 | updated to support systemd-boot. | |
481a0aa2 LP |
7502 | |
7503 | * An EFI kernel stub has been added that may be used to create | |
7504 | kernel EFI binaries that contain not only the actual kernel, | |
7505 | but also an initrd, boot splash, command line and OS release | |
7506 | information. This combined binary can then be signed as a | |
7507 | single image, so that the firmware can verify it all in one | |
1a2d5fbe | 7508 | step. systemd-boot has special support for EFI binaries created |
481a0aa2 LP |
7509 | like this and can extract OS release information from them |
7510 | and show them in the boot menu. This functionality is useful | |
7511 | to implement cryptographically verified boot schemes. | |
7512 | ||
7513 | * Optional support has been added to systemd-fsck to pass | |
7514 | fsck's progress report to an AF_UNIX socket in the file | |
7515 | system. | |
7516 | ||
6b000af4 LP |
7517 | * udev will no longer create device symlinks for all block devices by |
7518 | default. A deny list for excluding special block devices from this | |
7519 | logic has been turned into a allow list that requires picking block | |
7520 | devices explicitly that require device symlinks. | |
481a0aa2 LP |
7521 | |
7522 | * A new (currently still internal) API sd-device.h has been | |
7523 | added to libsystemd. This modernized API is supposed to | |
7524 | replace libudev eventually. In fact, already much of libudev | |
7525 | is now just a wrapper around sd-device.h. | |
7526 | ||
7527 | * A new hwdb database for storing metadata about pointing | |
7528 | stick devices has been added. | |
7529 | ||
7530 | * systemd-tmpfiles gained support for setting file attributes | |
7531 | similar to the "chattr" tool with new 'h' and 'H' lines. | |
7532 | ||
7533 | * systemd-journald will no longer unconditionally set the | |
7534 | btrfs NOCOW flag on new journal files. This is instead done | |
7535 | with tmpfiles snippet using the new 'h' line type. This | |
7536 | allows easy disabling of this logic, by masking the | |
7537 | journal-nocow.conf tmpfiles file. | |
7538 | ||
7539 | * systemd-journald will now translate audit message types to | |
7540 | human readable identifiers when writing them to the | |
7541 | journal. This should improve readability of audit messages. | |
7542 | ||
7543 | * The LUKS logic gained support for the offset= and skip= | |
7544 | options in /etc/crypttab, as previously implemented by | |
7545 | Debian. | |
7546 | ||
7547 | * /usr/lib/os-release gained a new optional field VARIANT= for | |
7548 | distributions that support multiple variants (such as a | |
1d3a473b | 7549 | desktop edition, a server edition, …) |
481a0aa2 LP |
7550 | |
7551 | Contributions from: Aaro Koskinen, Adam Goode, Alban Crequy, | |
7552 | Alberto Fanjul Alonso, Alexander Sverdlin, Alex Puchades, Alin | |
7553 | Rauta, Alison Chaiken, Andrew Jones, Arend van Spriel, | |
7554 | Benedikt Morbach, Benjamin Franzke, Benjamin Tissoires, Blaž | |
7555 | Tomažič, Chris Morgan, Chris Morin, Colin Walters, Cristian | |
7556 | Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Daniel Drake, Daniele Medri, Daniel | |
7557 | Mack, Daniel Mustieles, daurnimator, Davide Bettio, David | |
7558 | Herrmann, David Strauss, Didier Roche, Dimitri John Ledkov, | |
7559 | Eric Cook, Gavin Li, Goffredo Baroncelli, Hannes Reinecke, | |
7560 | Hans de Goede, Hans-Peter Deifel, Harald Hoyer, Iago López | |
7561 | Galeiras, Ivan Shapovalov, Jan Engelhardt, Jan Janssen, Jan | |
7562 | Pazdziora, Jan Synacek, Jasper St. Pierre, Jay Faulkner, John | |
7563 | Paul Adrian Glaubitz, Jonathon Gilbert, Karel Zak, Kay | |
7564 | Sievers, Koen Kooi, Lennart Poettering, Lubomir Rintel, Lucas | |
7565 | De Marchi, Lukas Nykryn, Lukas Rusak, Lukasz Skalski, Łukasz | |
7566 | Stelmach, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc-Antoine Perennou, Marcel | |
7567 | Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Mathieu Chevrier, Matthew Garrett, | |
7568 | Michael Biebl, Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Michal | |
7569 | Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Mirco Tischler, Nir Soffer, Patrik | |
7570 | Flykt, Pavel Odvody, Peter Hutterer, Peter Lemenkov, Peter | |
7571 | Waller, Piotr Drąg, Raul Gutierrez S, Richard Maw, Ronny | |
7572 | Chevalier, Ross Burton, Sebastian Rasmussen, Sergey Ptashnick, | |
7573 | Seth Jennings, Shawn Landden, Simon Farnsworth, Stefan Junker, | |
7574 | Stephen Gallagher, Susant Sahani, Sylvain Plantefève, Thomas | |
7575 | Haller, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tobias Hunger, Tom | |
7576 | Gundersen, Torstein Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Will | |
7577 | Woods, Zachary Cook, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
7578 | ||
ccddd104 | 7579 | — Berlin, 2015-05-22 |
481a0aa2 | 7580 | |
615aaf41 LP |
7581 | CHANGES WITH 219: |
7582 | ||
615aaf41 LP |
7583 | * Introduce a new API "sd-hwdb.h" for querying the hardware |
7584 | metadata database. With this minimal interface one can query | |
7585 | and enumerate the udev hwdb, decoupled from the old libudev | |
7586 | library. libudev's interface for this is now only a wrapper | |
7587 | around sd-hwdb. A new tool systemd-hwdb has been added to | |
7588 | interface with and update the database. | |
7589 | ||
7590 | * When any of systemd's tools copies files (for example due to | |
7591 | tmpfiles' C lines) a btrfs reflink will attempted first, | |
7592 | before bytewise copying is done. | |
7593 | ||
7594 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --ephemeral switch. When | |
7595 | specified a btrfs snapshot is taken of the container's root | |
7596 | directory, and immediately removed when the container | |
7597 | terminates again. Thus, a container can be started whose | |
7598 | changes never alter the container's root directory, and are | |
7599 | lost on container termination. This switch can also be used | |
7600 | for starting a container off the root file system of the | |
7601 | host without affecting the host OS. This switch is only | |
7602 | available on btrfs file systems. | |
7603 | ||
7604 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --template= switch. It takes the | |
7605 | path to a container tree to use as template for the tree | |
7edecf21 | 7606 | specified via --directory=, should that directory be |
615aaf41 LP |
7607 | missing. This allows instantiating containers dynamically, |
7608 | on first run. This switch is only available on btrfs file | |
7609 | systems. | |
7610 | ||
7611 | * When a .mount unit refers to a mount point on which multiple | |
7612 | mounts are stacked, and the .mount unit is stopped all of | |
7613 | the stacked mount points will now be unmounted until no | |
7614 | mount point remains. | |
7615 | ||
7616 | * systemd now has an explicit notion of supported and | |
7617 | unsupported unit types. Jobs enqueued for unsupported unit | |
7618 | types will now fail with an "unsupported" error code. More | |
7619 | specifically .swap, .automount and .device units are not | |
7620 | supported in containers, .busname units are not supported on | |
7621 | non-kdbus systems. .swap and .automount are also not | |
7622 | supported if their respective kernel compile time options | |
7623 | are disabled. | |
7624 | ||
7625 | * machinectl gained support for two new "copy-from" and | |
7626 | "copy-to" commands for copying files from a running | |
7627 | container to the host or vice versa. | |
7628 | ||
7629 | * machinectl gained support for a new "bind" command to bind | |
7630 | mount host directories into local containers. This is | |
7631 | currently only supported for nspawn containers. | |
7632 | ||
7633 | * networkd gained support for configuring bridge forwarding | |
7634 | database entries (fdb) from .network files. | |
7635 | ||
7636 | * A new tiny daemon "systemd-importd" has been added that can | |
7637 | download container images in tar, raw, qcow2 or dkr formats, | |
7638 | and make them available locally in /var/lib/machines, so | |
7639 | that they can run as nspawn containers. The daemon can GPG | |
7640 | verify the downloads (not supported for dkr, since it has no | |
7641 | provisions for verifying downloads). It will transparently | |
7642 | decompress bz2, xz, gzip compressed downloads if necessary, | |
7643 | and restore sparse files on disk. The daemon uses privilege | |
7644 | separation to ensure the actual download logic runs with | |
94e5ba37 | 7645 | fewer privileges than the daemon itself. machinectl has |
615aaf41 LP |
7646 | gained new commands "pull-tar", "pull-raw" and "pull-dkr" to |
7647 | make the functionality of importd available to the | |
7648 | user. With this in place the Fedora and Ubuntu "Cloud" | |
7649 | images can be downloaded and booted as containers unmodified | |
7650 | (the Fedora images lack the appropriate GPG signature files | |
7651 | currently, so they cannot be verified, but this will change | |
7652 | soon, hopefully). Note that downloading images is currently | |
7653 | only fully supported on btrfs. | |
7654 | ||
7655 | * machinectl is now able to list container images found in | |
7656 | /var/lib/machines, along with some metadata about sizes of | |
7657 | disk and similar. If the directory is located on btrfs and | |
7658 | quota is enabled, this includes quota display. A new command | |
7659 | "image-status" has been added that shows additional | |
7660 | information about images. | |
7661 | ||
7662 | * machinectl is now able to clone container images | |
7663 | efficiently, if the underlying file system (btrfs) supports | |
f59dba26 | 7664 | it, with the new "machinectl clone" command. It also |
615aaf41 LP |
7665 | gained commands for renaming and removing images, as well as |
7666 | marking them read-only or read-write (supported also on | |
7667 | legacy file systems). | |
7668 | ||
7669 | * networkd gained support for collecting LLDP network | |
7670 | announcements, from hardware that supports this. This is | |
7671 | shown in networkctl output. | |
7672 | ||
7673 | * systemd-run gained support for a new -t (--pty) switch for | |
7674 | invoking a binary on a pty whose input and output is | |
7675 | connected to the invoking terminal. This allows executing | |
7676 | processes as system services while interactively | |
7677 | communicating with them via the terminal. Most interestingly | |
7678 | this is supported across container boundaries. Invoking | |
7679 | "systemd-run -t /bin/bash" is an alternative to running a | |
7680 | full login session, the difference being that the former | |
7681 | will not register a session, nor go through the PAM session | |
7682 | setup. | |
7683 | ||
7684 | * tmpfiles gained support for a new "v" line type for creating | |
7685 | btrfs subvolumes. If the underlying file system is a legacy | |
7686 | file system, this automatically degrades to creating a | |
7687 | normal directory. Among others /var/lib/machines is now | |
7688 | created like this at boot, should it be missing. | |
7689 | ||
7690 | * The directory /var/lib/containers/ has been deprecated and | |
7691 | been replaced by /var/lib/machines. The term "machines" has | |
7692 | been used in the systemd context as generic term for both | |
7693 | VMs and containers, and hence appears more appropriate for | |
7694 | this, as the directory can also contain raw images bootable | |
7695 | via qemu/kvm. | |
7696 | ||
7697 | * systemd-nspawn when invoked with -M but without --directory= | |
7698 | or --image= is now capable of searching for the container | |
7699 | root directory, subvolume or disk image automatically, in | |
7700 | /var/lib/machines. systemd-nspawn@.service has been updated | |
7701 | to make use of this, thus allowing it to be used for raw | |
7702 | disk images, too. | |
7703 | ||
7704 | * A new machines.target unit has been introduced that is | |
7705 | supposed to group all containers/VMs invoked as services on | |
7706 | the system. systemd-nspawn@.service has been updated to | |
7707 | integrate with that. | |
7708 | ||
7709 | * machinectl gained a new "start" command, for invoking a | |
7710 | container as a service. "machinectl start foo" is mostly | |
7711 | equivalent to "systemctl start systemd-nspawn@foo.service", | |
7712 | but handles escaping in a nicer way. | |
7713 | ||
7714 | * systemd-nspawn will now mount most of the cgroupfs tree | |
7715 | read-only into each container, with the exception of the | |
7716 | container's own subtree in the name=systemd hierarchy. | |
7717 | ||
7718 | * journald now sets the special FS_NOCOW file flag for its | |
7719 | journal files. This should improve performance on btrfs, by | |
7720 | avoiding heavy fragmentation when journald's write-pattern | |
7721 | is used on COW file systems. It degrades btrfs' data | |
7722 | integrity guarantees for the files to the same levels as for | |
7723 | ext3/ext4 however. This should be OK though as journald does | |
7724 | its own data integrity checks and all its objects are | |
7725 | checksummed on disk. Also, journald should handle btrfs disk | |
7726 | full events a lot more gracefully now, by processing SIGBUS | |
7727 | errors, and not relying on fallocate() anymore. | |
7728 | ||
7729 | * When journald detects that journal files it is writing to | |
7730 | have been deleted it will immediately start new journal | |
7731 | files. | |
7732 | ||
7733 | * systemd now provides a way to store file descriptors | |
4c37970d | 7734 | per-service in PID 1. This is useful for daemons to ensure |
615aaf41 | 7735 | that fds they require are not lost during a daemon |
94e5ba37 | 7736 | restart. The fds are passed to the daemon on the next |
615aaf41 LP |
7737 | invocation in the same way socket activation fds are |
7738 | passed. This is now used by journald to ensure that the | |
7739 | various sockets connected to all the system's stdout/stderr | |
7740 | are not lost when journald is restarted. File descriptors | |
7741 | may be stored in PID 1 via the sd_pid_notify_with_fds() API, | |
7742 | an extension to sd_notify(). Note that a limit is enforced | |
7743 | on the number of fds a service can store in PID 1, and it | |
7744 | defaults to 0, so that no fds may be stored, unless this is | |
7745 | explicitly turned on. | |
7746 | ||
7747 | * The default TERM variable to use for units connected to a | |
7748 | terminal, when no other value is explicitly is set is now | |
7749 | vt220 rather than vt102. This should be fairly safe still, | |
7750 | but allows PgUp/PgDn work. | |
7751 | ||
7752 | * The /etc/crypttab option header= as known from Debian is now | |
7753 | supported. | |
7754 | ||
7755 | * "loginctl user-status" and "loginctl session-status" will | |
7756 | now show the last 10 lines of log messages of the | |
7757 | user/session following the status output. Similar, | |
7758 | "machinectl status" will show the last 10 log lines | |
7759 | associated with a virtual machine or container | |
7760 | service. (Note that this is usually not the log messages | |
7761 | done in the VM/container itself, but simply what the | |
7762 | container manager logs. For nspawn this includes all console | |
7763 | output however.) | |
7764 | ||
7765 | * "loginctl session-status" without further argument will now | |
7766 | show the status of the session of the caller. Similar, | |
7767 | "lock-session", "unlock-session", "activate", | |
7768 | "enable-linger", "disable-linger" may now be called without | |
7769 | session/user parameter in which case they apply to the | |
7770 | caller's session/user. | |
7771 | ||
7772 | * An X11 session scriptlet is now shipped that uploads | |
7773 | $DISPLAY and $XAUTHORITY into the environment of the systemd | |
7774 | --user daemon if a session begins. This should improve | |
7775 | compatibility with X11 enabled applications run as systemd | |
7776 | user services. | |
7777 | ||
7778 | * Generators are now subject to masking via /etc and /run, the | |
7779 | same way as unit files. | |
7780 | ||
7781 | * networkd .network files gained support for configuring | |
7782 | per-link IPv4/IPv6 packet forwarding as well as IPv4 | |
7783 | masquerading. This is by default turned on for veth links to | |
7784 | containers, as registered by systemd-nspawn. This means that | |
7785 | nspawn containers run with --network-veth will now get | |
7786 | automatic routed access to the host's networks without any | |
7787 | further configuration or setup, as long as networkd runs on | |
7788 | the host. | |
7789 | ||
7790 | * systemd-nspawn gained the --port= (-p) switch to expose TCP | |
7791 | or UDP posts of a container on the host. With this in place | |
7792 | it is possible to run containers with private veth links | |
7793 | (--network-veth), and have their functionality exposed on | |
7794 | the host as if their services were running directly on the | |
7795 | host. | |
7796 | ||
dd2fd155 | 7797 | * systemd-nspawn's --network-veth switch now gained a short |
615aaf41 LP |
7798 | version "-n", since with the changes above it is now truly |
7799 | useful out-of-the-box. The systemd-nspawn@.service has been | |
7800 | updated to make use of it too by default. | |
7801 | ||
7802 | * systemd-nspawn will now maintain a per-image R/W lock, to | |
7803 | ensure that the same image is not started more than once | |
7804 | writable. (It's OK to run an image multiple times | |
7805 | simultaneously in read-only mode.) | |
7806 | ||
7807 | * systemd-nspawn's --image= option is now capable of | |
7808 | dissecting and booting MBR and GPT disk images that contain | |
7809 | only a single active Linux partition. Previously it | |
7810 | supported only GPT disk images with proper GPT type | |
7811 | IDs. This allows running cloud images from major | |
7812 | distributions directly with systemd-nspawn, without | |
7813 | modification. | |
7814 | ||
7815 | * In addition to collecting mouse dpi data in the udev | |
7816 | hardware database, there's now support for collecting angle | |
7817 | information for mouse scroll wheels. The database is | |
7edecf21 | 7818 | supposed to guarantee similar scrolling behavior on mice |
615aaf41 LP |
7819 | that it knows about. There's also support for collecting |
7820 | information about Touchpad types. | |
7821 | ||
7822 | * udev's input_id built-in will now also collect touch screen | |
7823 | dimension data and attach it to probed devices. | |
7824 | ||
7825 | * /etc/os-release gained support for a Distribution Privacy | |
7826 | Policy link field. | |
7827 | ||
7828 | * networkd gained support for creating "ipvlan", "gretap", | |
7829 | "ip6gre", "ip6gretap" and "ip6tnl" network devices. | |
7830 | ||
7831 | * systemd-tmpfiles gained support for "a" lines for setting | |
7832 | ACLs on files. | |
7833 | ||
7834 | * systemd-nspawn will now mount /tmp in the container to | |
7835 | tmpfs, automatically. | |
7836 | ||
7837 | * systemd now exposes the memory.usage_in_bytes cgroup | |
7838 | attribute and shows it for each service in the "systemctl | |
7839 | status" output, if available. | |
7840 | ||
7841 | * When the user presses Ctrl-Alt-Del more than 7x within 2s an | |
7842 | immediate reboot is triggered. This useful if shutdown is | |
7843 | hung and is unable to complete, to expedite the | |
7844 | operation. Note that this kind of reboot will still unmount | |
7845 | all file systems, and hence should not result in fsck being | |
7846 | run on next reboot. | |
7847 | ||
7848 | * A .device unit for an optical block device will now be | |
7849 | considered active only when a medium is in the drive. Also, | |
7850 | mount units are now bound to their backing devices thus | |
7851 | triggering automatic unmounting when devices become | |
7852 | unavailable. With this in place systemd will now | |
7853 | automatically unmount left-over mounts when a CD-ROM is | |
7854 | ejected or an USB stick is yanked from the system. | |
7855 | ||
7856 | * networkd-wait-online now has support for waiting for | |
7857 | specific interfaces only (with globbing), and for giving up | |
7858 | after a configurable timeout. | |
7859 | ||
7860 | * networkd now exits when idle. It will be automatically | |
7861 | restarted as soon as interfaces show up, are removed or | |
7862 | change state. networkd will stay around as long as there is | |
7863 | at least one DHCP state machine or similar around, that keep | |
7864 | it non-idle. | |
7865 | ||
7866 | * networkd may now configure IPv6 link-local addressing in | |
7867 | addition to IPv4 link-local addressing. | |
7868 | ||
7869 | * The IPv6 "token" for use in SLAAC may now be configured for | |
7870 | each .network interface in networkd. | |
7871 | ||
7872 | * Routes configured with networkd may now be assigned a scope | |
7873 | in .network files. | |
7874 | ||
7875 | * networkd's [Match] sections now support globbing and lists | |
7876 | of multiple space-separated matches per item. | |
7877 | ||
11ea2781 | 7878 | Contributions from: Alban Crequy, Alin Rauta, Andrey Chaser, |
d2c643c6 LP |
7879 | Bastien Nocera, Bruno Bottazzini, Carlos Garnacho, Carlos |
7880 | Morata Castillo, Chris Atkinson, Chris J. Arges, Christian | |
7881 | Kirbach, Christian Seiler, Christoph Brill, Colin Guthrie, | |
7882 | Colin Walters, Cristian Rodríguez, Daniele Medri, Daniel Mack, | |
7883 | Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Djalal Harouni, Erik Auerswald, | |
7884 | Filipe Brandenburger, Frank Theile, Gabor Kelemen, Gabriel de | |
7885 | Perthuis, Harald Hoyer, Hui Wang, Ivan Shapovalov, Jan | |
7886 | Engelhardt, Jan Synacek, Jay Faulkner, Johannes Hölzl, Jonas | |
7887 | Ådahl, Jonathan Boulle, Josef Andersson, Kay Sievers, Ken | |
7888 | Werner, Lennart Poettering, Lucas De Marchi, Lukas Märdian, | |
7889 | Lukas Nykryn, Lukasz Skalski, Luke Shumaker, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
7890 | Manuel Mendez, Marcel Holtmann, Marc Schmitzer, Marko | |
7891 | Myllynen, Martin Pitt, Maxim Mikityanskiy, Michael Biebl, | |
7892 | Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Mindaugas | |
11ea2781 LP |
7893 | Baranauskas, Moez Bouhlel, Naveen Kumar, Patrik Flykt, Paul |
7894 | Martin, Peter Hutterer, Peter Mattern, Philippe De Swert, | |
7895 | Piotr Drąg, Rafael Ferreira, Rami Rosen, Robert Milasan, Ronny | |
7896 | Chevalier, Sangjung Woo, Sebastien Bacher, Sergey Ptashnick, | |
7897 | Shawn Landden, Stéphane Graber, Susant Sahani, Sylvain | |
7898 | Plantefève, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tim JP, Tom | |
7899 | Gundersen, Topi Miettinen, Torstein Husebø, Umut Tezduyar | |
d2c643c6 LP |
7900 | Lindskog, Veres Lajos, Vincent Batts, WaLyong Cho, Wieland |
7901 | Hoffmann, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
11ea2781 | 7902 | |
ccddd104 | 7903 | — Berlin, 2015-02-16 |
11ea2781 | 7904 | |
d4f5a1f4 DH |
7905 | CHANGES WITH 218: |
7906 | ||
f9e00a9f LP |
7907 | * When querying unit file enablement status (for example via |
7908 | "systemctl is-enabled"), a new state "indirect" is now known | |
7909 | which indicates that a unit might not be enabled itself, but | |
c7683ffb | 7910 | another unit listed in its Also= setting might be. |
f9e00a9f LP |
7911 | |
7912 | * Similar to the various existing ConditionXYZ= settings for | |
b938cb90 | 7913 | units, there are now matching AssertXYZ= settings. While |
f9e00a9f LP |
7914 | failing conditions cause a unit to be skipped, but its job |
7915 | to succeed, failing assertions declared like this will cause | |
7916 | a unit start operation and its job to fail. | |
7917 | ||
7918 | * hostnamed now knows a new chassis type "embedded". | |
7919 | ||
7920 | * systemctl gained a new "edit" command. When used on a unit | |
b938cb90 | 7921 | file, this allows extending unit files with .d/ drop-in |
f9e00a9f LP |
7922 | configuration snippets or editing the full file (after |
7923 | copying it from /usr/lib to /etc). This will invoke the | |
7924 | user's editor (as configured with $EDITOR), and reload the | |
7925 | modified configuration after editing. | |
7926 | ||
7927 | * "systemctl status" now shows the suggested enablement state | |
7928 | for a unit, as declared in the (usually vendor-supplied) | |
7929 | system preset files. | |
7930 | ||
38b38500 | 7931 | * nss-myhostname will now resolve the single-label hostname |
f9e00a9f LP |
7932 | "gateway" to the locally configured default IP routing |
7933 | gateways, ordered by their metrics. This assigns a stable | |
7934 | name to the used gateways, regardless which ones are | |
7935 | currently configured. Note that the name will only be | |
7936 | resolved after all other name sources (if nss-myhostname is | |
7937 | configured properly) and should hence not negatively impact | |
38b38500 | 7938 | systems that use the single-label hostname "gateway" in |
f9e00a9f LP |
7939 | other contexts. |
7940 | ||
7941 | * systemd-inhibit now allows filtering by mode when listing | |
7942 | inhibitors. | |
7943 | ||
122676c9 | 7944 | * Scope and service units gained a new "Delegate" boolean |
b938cb90 | 7945 | property, which, when set, allows processes running inside the |
122676c9 LP |
7946 | unit to further partition resources. This is primarily |
7947 | useful for systemd user instances as well as container | |
7948 | managers. | |
f9e00a9f LP |
7949 | |
7950 | * journald will now pick up audit messages directly from | |
7951 | the kernel, and log them like any other log message. The | |
7952 | audit fields are split up and fully indexed. This means that | |
7953 | journalctl in many ways is now a (nicer!) alternative to | |
7954 | ausearch, the traditional audit client. Note that this | |
b938cb90 | 7955 | implements only a minimal audit client. If you want the |
f9e00a9f LP |
7956 | special audit modes like reboot-on-log-overflow, please use |
7957 | the traditional auditd instead, which can be used in | |
7958 | parallel to journald. | |
7959 | ||
7960 | * The ConditionSecurity= unit file option now understands the | |
7961 | special string "audit" to check whether auditing is | |
7962 | available. | |
7963 | ||
7964 | * journalctl gained two new commands --vacuum-size= and | |
7965 | --vacuum-time= to delete old journal files until the | |
a8eaaee7 | 7966 | remaining ones take up no more than the specified size on disk, |
f9e00a9f LP |
7967 | or are not older than the specified time. |
7968 | ||
7969 | * A new, native PPPoE library has been added to sd-network, | |
7970 | systemd's library of light-weight networking protocols. This | |
7971 | library will be used in a future version of networkd to | |
7972 | enable PPPoE communication without an external pppd daemon. | |
7973 | ||
7974 | * The busctl tool now understands a new "capture" verb that | |
7975 | works similar to "monitor", but writes a packet capture | |
7976 | trace to STDOUT that can be redirected to a file which is | |
7977 | compatible with libcap's capture file format. This can then | |
7978 | be loaded in Wireshark and similar tools to inspect bus | |
7979 | communication. | |
7980 | ||
7981 | * The busctl tool now understands a new "tree" verb that shows | |
7982 | the object trees of a specific service on the bus, or of all | |
7983 | services. | |
7984 | ||
7985 | * The busctl tool now understands a new "introspect" verb that | |
7986 | shows all interfaces and members of objects on the bus, | |
7987 | including their signature and values. This is particularly | |
7988 | useful to get more information about bus objects shown by | |
7989 | the new "busctl tree" command. | |
7990 | ||
7991 | * The busctl tool now understands new verbs "call", | |
7992 | "set-property" and "get-property" for invoking bus method | |
7993 | calls, setting and getting bus object properties in a | |
7994 | friendly way. | |
7995 | ||
7996 | * busctl gained a new --augment-creds= argument that controls | |
7997 | whether the tool shall augment credential information it | |
7998 | gets from the bus with data from /proc, in a possibly | |
7999 | race-ful way. | |
8000 | ||
8001 | * nspawn's --link-journal= switch gained two new values | |
8002 | "try-guest" and "try-host" that work like "guest" and | |
17c29493 | 8003 | "host", but do not fail if the host has no persistent |
28423d9a | 8004 | journaling enabled. -j is now equivalent to |
f9e00a9f LP |
8005 | --link-journal=try-guest. |
8006 | ||
8007 | * macvlan network devices created by nspawn will now have | |
8008 | stable MAC addresses. | |
8009 | ||
8010 | * A new SmackProcessLabel= unit setting has been added, which | |
8011 | controls the SMACK security label processes forked off by | |
8012 | the respective unit shall use. | |
8013 | ||
d4f5a1f4 DH |
8014 | * If compiled with --enable-xkbcommon, systemd-localed will |
8015 | verify x11 keymap settings by compiling the given keymap. It | |
8016 | will spew out warnings if the compilation fails. This | |
8017 | requires libxkbcommon to be installed. | |
8018 | ||
b938cb90 | 8019 | * When a coredump is collected, a larger number of metadata |
f9e00a9f | 8020 | fields is now collected and included in the journal records |
b938cb90 | 8021 | created for it. More specifically, control group membership, |
f9e00a9f LP |
8022 | environment variables, memory maps, working directory, |
8023 | chroot directory, /proc/$PID/status, and a list of open file | |
8024 | descriptors is now stored in the log entry. | |
8025 | ||
17c29493 | 8026 | * The udev hwdb now contains DPI information for mice. For |
f9e00a9f LP |
8027 | details see: |
8028 | ||
8029 | http://who-t.blogspot.de/2014/12/building-a-dpi-database-for-mice.html | |
8030 | ||
8031 | * All systemd programs that read standalone configuration | |
8032 | files in /etc now also support a corresponding series of | |
997b2b43 JT |
8033 | .conf.d configuration directories in /etc/, /run/, |
8034 | /usr/local/lib/, /usr/lib/, and (if configured with | |
8035 | --enable-split-usr) /lib/. In particular, the following | |
8036 | configuration files now have corresponding configuration | |
8037 | directories: system.conf user.conf, logind.conf, | |
8038 | journald.conf, sleep.conf, bootchart.conf, coredump.conf, | |
8039 | resolved.conf, timesyncd.conf, journal-remote.conf, and | |
8040 | journal-upload.conf. Note that distributions should use the | |
8041 | configuration directories in /usr/lib/; the directories in | |
8042 | /etc/ are reserved for the system administrator. | |
8043 | ||
f9e00a9f LP |
8044 | * systemd-rfkill will no longer take the rfkill device name |
8045 | into account when storing rfkill state on disk, as the name | |
8046 | might be dynamically assigned and not stable. Instead, the | |
8047 | ID_PATH udev variable combined with the rfkill type (wlan, | |
1d3a473b | 8048 | bluetooth, …) is used. |
f9e00a9f LP |
8049 | |
8050 | * A new service systemd-machine-id-commit.service has been | |
8051 | added. When used on systems where /etc is read-only during | |
8052 | boot, and /etc/machine-id is not initialized (but an empty | |
8053 | file), this service will copy the temporary machine ID | |
8054 | created as replacement into /etc after the system is fully | |
8055 | booted up. This is useful for systems that are freshly | |
8056 | installed with a non-initialized machine ID, but should get | |
8057 | a fixed machine ID for subsequent boots. | |
8058 | ||
8059 | * networkd's .netdev files now provide a large set of | |
a8eaaee7 | 8060 | configuration parameters for VXLAN devices. Similarly, the |
f9e00a9f LP |
8061 | bridge port cost parameter is now configurable in .network |
8062 | files. There's also new support for configuring IP source | |
8063 | routing. networkd .link files gained support for a new | |
8064 | OriginalName= match that is useful to match against the | |
8065 | original interface name the kernel assigned. .network files | |
8066 | may include MTU= and MACAddress= fields for altering the MTU | |
8067 | and MAC address while being connected to a specific network | |
8068 | interface. | |
8069 | ||
8070 | * The LUKS logic gained supported for configuring | |
8071 | UUID-specific key files. There's also new support for naming | |
8072 | LUKS device from the kernel command line, using the new | |
8073 | luks.name= argument. | |
8074 | ||
8075 | * Timer units may now be transiently created via the bus API | |
8076 | (this was previously already available for scope and service | |
8077 | units). In addition it is now possible to create multiple | |
8078 | transient units at the same time with a single bus call. The | |
8079 | "systemd-run" tool has been updated to make use of this for | |
8080 | running commands on a specified time, in at(1)-style. | |
8081 | ||
8082 | * tmpfiles gained support for "t" lines, for assigning | |
8083 | extended attributes to files. Among other uses this may be | |
8084 | used to assign SMACK labels to files. | |
8085 | ||
13e92f39 LP |
8086 | Contributions from: Alin Rauta, Alison Chaiken, Andrej |
8087 | Manduch, Bastien Nocera, Chris Atkinson, Chris Leech, Chris | |
8088 | Mayo, Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters, Cristian Rodríguez, | |
8089 | Daniele Medri, Daniel Mack, Dan Williams, Dan Winship, Dave | |
8090 | Reisner, David Herrmann, Didier Roche, Felipe Sateler, Gavin | |
8091 | Li, Hans de Goede, Harald Hoyer, Iago López Galeiras, Ivan | |
8092 | Shapovalov, Jakub Filak, Jan Janssen, Jan Synacek, Joe | |
8093 | Lawrence, Josh Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, | |
8094 | Lukas Nykryn, Łukasz Stelmach, Maciej Wereski, Mantas | |
8095 | Mikulėnas, Marcel Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Maurizio Lombardi, | |
8096 | Michael Biebl, Michael Chapman, Michael Marineau, Michal | |
7da81d33 LP |
8097 | Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Olivier Brunel, Patrik Flykt, Peter |
8098 | Hutterer, Przemyslaw Kedzierski, Rami Rosen, Ray Strode, | |
8099 | Richard Schütz, Richard W.M. Jones, Ronny Chevalier, Ross | |
8100 | Lagerwall, Sean Young, Stanisław Pitucha, Susant Sahani, | |
8101 | Thomas Haller, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, | |
8102 | Torstein Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Vicente Olivert | |
8103 | Riera, WaLyong Cho, Wesley Dawson, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
13e92f39 | 8104 | |
ccddd104 | 8105 | — Berlin, 2014-12-10 |
f9e00a9f | 8106 | |
b62a309a ZJS |
8107 | CHANGES WITH 217: |
8108 | ||
78b6b7ce LP |
8109 | * journalctl gained the new options -t/--identifier= to match |
8110 | on the syslog identifier (aka "tag"), as well as --utc to | |
8111 | show log timestamps in the UTC timezone. journalctl now also | |
8112 | accepts -n/--lines=all to disable line capping in a pager. | |
b62a309a | 8113 | |
a65b8245 ZJS |
8114 | * journalctl gained a new switch, --flush, that synchronously |
8115 | flushes logs from /run/log/journal to /var/log/journal if | |
8116 | persistent storage is enabled. systemd-journal-flush.service | |
8117 | now waits until the operation is complete. | |
2a97b03b | 8118 | |
b62a309a ZJS |
8119 | * Services can notify the manager before they start a reload |
8120 | (by sending RELOADING=1) or shutdown (by sending | |
4bdc60cb LP |
8121 | STOPPING=1). This allows the manager to track and show the |
8122 | internal state of daemons and closes a race condition when | |
78b6b7ce | 8123 | the process is still running but has closed its D-Bus |
4bdc60cb | 8124 | connection. |
b62a309a | 8125 | |
78b6b7ce LP |
8126 | * Services with Type=oneshot do not have to have any ExecStart |
8127 | commands anymore. | |
b62a309a ZJS |
8128 | |
8129 | * User units are now loaded also from | |
8130 | $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/systemd/user/. This is similar to the | |
8131 | /run/systemd/user directory that was already previously | |
8132 | supported, but is under the control of the user. | |
8133 | ||
3f9a0a52 | 8134 | * Job timeouts (i.e. timeouts on the time a job that is |
4ffd29fd LP |
8135 | queued stays in the run queue) can now optionally result in |
8136 | immediate reboot or power-off actions (JobTimeoutAction= and | |
8137 | JobTimeoutRebootArgument=). This is useful on ".target" | |
8138 | units, to limit the maximum time a target remains | |
8139 | undispatched in the run queue, and to trigger an emergency | |
8140 | operation in such a case. This is now used by default to | |
8141 | turn off the system if boot-up (as defined by everything in | |
8142 | basic.target) hangs and does not complete for at least | |
8143 | 15min. Also, if power-off or reboot hang for at least 30min | |
8144 | an immediate power-off/reboot operation is triggered. This | |
8145 | functionality is particularly useful to increase reliability | |
8146 | on embedded devices, but also on laptops which might | |
8147 | accidentally get powered on when carried in a backpack and | |
8148 | whose boot stays stuck in a hard disk encryption passphrase | |
8149 | question. | |
8150 | ||
b62a309a ZJS |
8151 | * systemd-logind can be configured to also handle lid switch |
8152 | events even when the machine is docked or multiple displays | |
8153 | are attached (HandleLidSwitchDocked= option). | |
8154 | ||
8155 | * A helper binary and a service have been added which can be | |
8156 | used to resume from hibernation in the initramfs. A | |
8157 | generator will parse the resume= option on the kernel | |
81c7dd89 | 8158 | command line to trigger resume. |
b62a309a | 8159 | |
78b6b7ce LP |
8160 | * A user console daemon systemd-consoled has been |
8161 | added. Currently, it is a preview, and will so far open a | |
8162 | single terminal on each session of the user marked as | |
09077149 | 8163 | Desktop=systemd-console. |
b62a309a ZJS |
8164 | |
8165 | * Route metrics can be specified for DHCP routes added by | |
8166 | systemd-networkd. | |
8167 | ||
ba8df74b | 8168 | * The SELinux context of socket-activated services can be set |
78b6b7ce | 8169 | from the information provided by the networking stack |
b62a309a ZJS |
8170 | (SELinuxContextFromNet= option). |
8171 | ||
8172 | * Userspace firmware loading support has been removed and | |
8173 | the minimum supported kernel version is thus bumped to 3.7. | |
8174 | ||
8175 | * Timeout for udev workers has been increased from 1 to 3 | |
8176 | minutes, but a warning will be printed after 1 minute to | |
8177 | help diagnose kernel modules that take a long time to load. | |
8178 | ||
78b6b7ce | 8179 | * Udev rules can now remove tags on devices with TAG-="foobar". |
b62a309a | 8180 | |
4bdc60cb | 8181 | * systemd's readahead implementation has been removed. In many |
f6d1de85 | 8182 | circumstances it didn't give expected benefits even for |
b62a309a | 8183 | rotational disk drives and was becoming less relevant in the |
78b6b7ce LP |
8184 | age of SSDs. As none of the developers has been using |
8185 | rotating media anymore, and nobody stepped up to actively | |
8186 | maintain this component of systemd it has now been removed. | |
b62a309a | 8187 | |
c4ac9900 | 8188 | * Swap units can use Options= to specify discard options. |
b62a309a ZJS |
8189 | Discard options specified for swaps in /etc/fstab are now |
8190 | respected. | |
8191 | ||
8192 | * Docker containers are now detected as a separate type of | |
8193 | virtualization. | |
8194 | ||
8195 | * The Password Agent protocol gained support for queries where | |
ba8df74b | 8196 | the user input is shown, useful e.g. for user names. |
78b6b7ce LP |
8197 | systemd-ask-password gained a new --echo option to turn that |
8198 | on. | |
b62a309a | 8199 | |
e6c253e3 MS |
8200 | * The default sysctl.d/ snippets will now set: |
8201 | ||
8202 | net.core.default_qdisc = fq_codel | |
8203 | ||
ba8df74b KS |
8204 | This selects Fair Queuing Controlled Delay as the default |
8205 | queuing discipline for network interfaces. fq_codel helps | |
e6c253e3 MS |
8206 | fight the network bufferbloat problem. It is believed to be |
8207 | a good default with no tuning required for most workloads. | |
8208 | Downstream distributions may override this choice. On 10Gbit | |
8209 | servers that do not do forwarding, "fq" may perform better. | |
8210 | Systems without a good clocksource should use "pfifo_fast". | |
8211 | ||
4bdc60cb LP |
8212 | * If kdbus is enabled during build a new option BusPolicy= is |
8213 | available for service units, that allows locking all service | |
8214 | processes into a stricter bus policy, in order to limit | |
8215 | access to various bus services, or even hide most of them | |
8216 | from the service's view entirely. | |
8217 | ||
8218 | * networkctl will now show the .network and .link file | |
8219 | networkd has applied to a specific interface. | |
8220 | ||
8221 | * sd-login gained a new API call sd_session_get_desktop() to | |
8222 | query which desktop environment has been selected for a | |
8223 | session. | |
8224 | ||
8225 | * UNIX utmp support is now compile-time optional to support | |
8226 | legacy-free systems. | |
8227 | ||
78b6b7ce LP |
8228 | * systemctl gained two new commands "add-wants" and |
8229 | "add-requires" for pulling in units from specific targets | |
8230 | easily. | |
8231 | ||
8232 | * If the word "rescue" is specified on the kernel command line | |
8233 | the system will now boot into rescue mode (aka | |
8234 | rescue.target), which was previously available only by | |
8235 | specifying "1" or "systemd.unit=rescue.target" on the kernel | |
8236 | command line. This new kernel command line option nicely | |
8237 | mirrors the already existing "emergency" kernel command line | |
8238 | option. | |
8239 | ||
8240 | * New kernel command line options mount.usr=, mount.usrflags=, | |
d4474c41 | 8241 | mount.usrfstype= have been added that match root=, rootflags=, |
78b6b7ce LP |
8242 | rootfstype= but allow mounting a specific file system to |
8243 | /usr. | |
8244 | ||
f6d1de85 | 8245 | * The $NOTIFY_SOCKET is now also passed to control processes of |
78b6b7ce LP |
8246 | services, not only the main process. |
8247 | ||
8248 | * This version reenables support for fsck's -l switch. This | |
8249 | means at least version v2.25 of util-linux is required for | |
8250 | operation, otherwise dead-locks on device nodes may | |
8251 | occur. Again: you need to update util-linux to at least | |
8252 | v2.25 when updating systemd to v217. | |
8253 | ||
3769415e TT |
8254 | * The "multi-seat-x" tool has been removed from systemd, as |
8255 | its functionality has been integrated into X servers 1.16, | |
8256 | and the tool is hence redundant. It is recommended to update | |
8257 | display managers invoking this tool to simply invoke X | |
8258 | directly from now on, again. | |
8259 | ||
fae9332b | 8260 | * Support for the new ALLOW_INTERACTIVE_AUTHORIZATION D-Bus |
d35f51ea ZJS |
8261 | message flag has been added for all of systemd's polkit |
8262 | authenticated method calls has been added. In particular this | |
8263 | now allows optional interactive authorization via polkit for | |
8264 | many of PID1's privileged operations such as unit file | |
8265 | enabling and disabling. | |
fae9332b | 8266 | |
cfa1571b LP |
8267 | * "udevadm hwdb --update" learnt a new switch "--usr" for |
8268 | placing the rebuilt hardware database in /usr instead of | |
8269 | /etc. When used only hardware database entries stored in | |
8270 | /usr will be used, and any user database entries in /etc are | |
8271 | ignored. This functionality is useful for vendors to ship a | |
8272 | pre-built database on systems where local configuration is | |
8273 | unnecessary or unlikely. | |
8274 | ||
7e63dd10 LP |
8275 | * Calendar time specifications in .timer units now also |
8276 | understand the strings "semi-annually", "quarterly" and | |
ba8df74b | 8277 | "minutely" as shortcuts (in addition to the preexisting |
1d3a473b | 8278 | "annually", "hourly", …). |
7e63dd10 | 8279 | |
d4474c41 TG |
8280 | * systemd-tmpfiles will now correctly create files in /dev |
8281 | at boot which are marked for creation only at boot. It is | |
8282 | recommended to always create static device nodes with 'c!' | |
8283 | and 'b!', so that they are created only at boot and not | |
8284 | overwritten at runtime. | |
8285 | ||
3b187c5c LP |
8286 | * When the watchdog logic is used for a service (WatchdogSec=) |
8287 | and the watchdog timeout is hit the service will now be | |
8288 | terminated with SIGABRT (instead of just SIGTERM), in order | |
8289 | to make sure a proper coredump and backtrace is | |
8290 | generated. This ensures that hanging services will result in | |
8291 | similar coredump/backtrace behaviour as services that hit a | |
8292 | segmentation fault. | |
8293 | ||
4b08dd87 LP |
8294 | Contributions from: Andreas Henriksson, Andrei Borzenkov, |
8295 | Angus Gibson, Ansgar Burchardt, Ben Wolsieffer, Brandon L. | |
8296 | Black, Christian Hesse, Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, | |
8297 | Daniele Medri, Daniel Mack, Dan Williams, Dave Reisner, David | |
8298 | Herrmann, David Sommerseth, David Strauss, Emil Renner | |
8299 | Berthing, Eric Cook, Evangelos Foutras, Filipe Brandenburger, | |
8300 | Gustavo Sverzut Barbieri, Hans de Goede, Harald Hoyer, Hristo | |
8301 | Venev, Hugo Grostabussiat, Ivan Shapovalov, Jan Janssen, Jan | |
8302 | Synacek, Jonathan Liu, Juho Son, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, Klaus | |
8303 | Purer, Koen Kooi, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Lukasz | |
8304 | Skalski, Łukasz Stelmach, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel Holtmann, | |
8305 | Marius Tessmann, Marko Myllynen, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, | |
8306 | Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Michael Scherer, Michal | |
8307 | Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Miroslav Lichvar, Patrik Flykt, | |
8308 | Philippe De Swert, Piotr Drąg, Rahul Sundaram, Richard | |
8309 | Weinberger, Robert Milasan, Ronny Chevalier, Ruben Kerkhof, | |
8310 | Santiago Vila, Sergey Ptashnick, Simon McVittie, Sjoerd | |
8311 | Simons, Stefan Brüns, Steven Allen, Steven Noonan, Susant | |
8312 | Sahani, Sylvain Plantefève, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, | |
8313 | Timofey Titovets, Tobias Hunger, Tom Gundersen, Torstein | |
8314 | Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, WaLyong Cho, Zbigniew | |
13e92f39 | 8315 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek |
4b08dd87 | 8316 | |
ccddd104 | 8317 | — Berlin, 2014-10-28 |
4b08dd87 | 8318 | |
b72ddf0f | 8319 | CHANGES WITH 216: |
b2ca0d63 LP |
8320 | |
8321 | * timedated no longer reads NTP implementation unit names from | |
b72ddf0f | 8322 | /usr/lib/systemd/ntp-units.d/*.list. Alternative NTP |
b2ca0d63 LP |
8323 | implementations should add a |
8324 | ||
b72ddf0f | 8325 | Conflicts=systemd-timesyncd.service |
b2ca0d63 LP |
8326 | |
8327 | to their unit files to take over and replace systemd's NTP | |
8328 | default functionality. | |
8329 | ||
8330 | * systemd-sysusers gained a new line type "r" for configuring | |
8331 | which UID/GID ranges to allocate system users/groups | |
8332 | from. Lines of type "u" may now add an additional column | |
8333 | that specifies the home directory for the system user to be | |
8334 | created. Also, systemd-sysusers may now optionally read user | |
8335 | information from STDIN instead of a file. This is useful for | |
8336 | invoking it from RPM preinst scriptlets that need to create | |
8337 | users before the first RPM file is installed since these | |
8338 | files might need to be owned by them. A new | |
8339 | %sysusers_create_inline RPM macro has been introduced to do | |
8340 | just that. systemd-sysusers now updates the shadow files as | |
8341 | well as the user/group databases, which should enhance | |
8342 | compatibility with certain tools like grpck. | |
8343 | ||
d35f51ea ZJS |
8344 | * A number of bus APIs of PID 1 now optionally consult polkit to |
8345 | permit access for otherwise unprivileged clients under certain | |
8346 | conditions. Note that this currently doesn't support | |
8347 | interactive authentication yet, but this is expected to be | |
8348 | added eventually, too. | |
b2ca0d63 LP |
8349 | |
8350 | * /etc/machine-info now has new fields for configuring the | |
8351 | deployment environment of the machine, as well as the | |
8352 | location of the machine. hostnamectl has been updated with | |
8353 | new command to update these fields. | |
8354 | ||
8355 | * systemd-timesyncd has been updated to automatically acquire | |
8356 | NTP server information from systemd-networkd, which might | |
8357 | have been discovered via DHCP. | |
8358 | ||
8359 | * systemd-resolved now includes a caching DNS stub resolver | |
8360 | and a complete LLMNR name resolution implementation. A new | |
daa05349 AB |
8361 | NSS module "nss-resolve" has been added which can be used |
8362 | instead of glibc's own "nss-dns" to resolve hostnames via | |
b2ca0d63 LP |
8363 | systemd-resolved. Hostnames, addresses and arbitrary RRs may |
8364 | be resolved via systemd-resolved D-Bus APIs. In contrast to | |
8365 | the glibc internal resolver systemd-resolved is aware of | |
8366 | multi-homed system, and keeps DNS server and caches separate | |
5f02e26c | 8367 | and per-interface. Queries are sent simultaneously on all |
b2ca0d63 LP |
8368 | interfaces that have DNS servers configured, in order to |
8369 | properly handle VPNs and local LANs which might resolve | |
8370 | separate sets of domain names. systemd-resolved may acquire | |
a1a4a25e | 8371 | DNS server information from systemd-networkd automatically, |
b2ca0d63 LP |
8372 | which in turn might have discovered them via DHCP. A tool |
8373 | "systemd-resolve-host" has been added that may be used to | |
8374 | query the DNS logic in resolved. systemd-resolved implements | |
8375 | IDNA and automatically uses IDNA or UTF-8 encoding depending | |
8376 | on whether classic DNS or LLMNR is used as transport. In the | |
8377 | next releases we intend to add a DNSSEC and mDNS/DNS-SD | |
8378 | implementation to systemd-resolved. | |
8379 | ||
8380 | * A new NSS module nss-mymachines has been added, that | |
8381 | automatically resolves the names of all local registered | |
8382 | containers to their respective IP addresses. | |
8383 | ||
8384 | * A new client tool "networkctl" for systemd-networkd has been | |
8385 | added. It currently is entirely passive and will query | |
8386 | networking configuration from udev, rtnetlink and networkd, | |
5f02e26c | 8387 | and present it to the user in a very friendly |
b2ca0d63 LP |
8388 | way. Eventually, we hope to extend it to become a full |
8389 | control utility for networkd. | |
8390 | ||
8391 | * .socket units gained a new DeferAcceptSec= setting that | |
8392 | controls the kernels' TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT sockopt for | |
a8eaaee7 | 8393 | TCP. Similarly, support for controlling TCP keep-alive |
b2ca0d63 LP |
8394 | settings has been added (KeepAliveTimeSec=, |
8395 | KeepAliveIntervalSec=, KeepAliveProbes=). Also, support for | |
8396 | turning off Nagle's algorithm on TCP has been added | |
8397 | (NoDelay=). | |
8398 | ||
a1a4a25e | 8399 | * logind learned a new session type "web", for use in projects |
b2ca0d63 LP |
8400 | like Cockpit which register web clients as PAM sessions. |
8401 | ||
8402 | * timer units with at least one OnCalendar= setting will now | |
46ae28d8 | 8403 | be started only after time-sync.target has been |
b2ca0d63 LP |
8404 | reached. This way they will not elapse before the system |
8405 | clock has been corrected by a local NTP client or | |
8406 | similar. This is particular useful on RTC-less embedded | |
8407 | machines, that come up with an invalid system clock. | |
8408 | ||
8409 | * systemd-nspawn's --network-veth= switch should now result in | |
8410 | stable MAC addresses for both the outer and the inner side | |
8411 | of the link. | |
8412 | ||
8413 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --volatile= switch for running | |
8414 | container instances with /etc or /var unpopulated. | |
8415 | ||
8416 | * The kdbus client code has been updated to use the new Linux | |
8417 | 3.17 memfd subsystem instead of the old kdbus-specific one. | |
8418 | ||
8419 | * systemd-networkd's DHCP client and server now support | |
01da80b1 LP |
8420 | FORCERENEW. There are also new configuration options to |
8421 | configure the vendor client identifier and broadcast mode | |
8422 | for DHCP. | |
b2ca0d63 LP |
8423 | |
8424 | * systemd will no longer inform the kernel about the current | |
8425 | timezone, as this is necessarily incorrect and racy as the | |
8426 | kernel has no understanding of DST and similar | |
8427 | concepts. This hence means FAT timestamps will be always | |
8428 | considered UTC, similar to what Android is already | |
8429 | doing. Also, when the RTC is configured to the local time | |
8430 | (rather than UTC) systemd will never synchronize back to it, | |
8431 | as this might confuse Windows at a later boot. | |
8432 | ||
8433 | * systemd-analyze gained a new command "verify" for offline | |
8434 | validation of unit files. | |
8435 | ||
8436 | * systemd-networkd gained support for a couple of additional | |
8437 | settings for bonding networking setups. Also, the metric for | |
8438 | statically configured routes may now be configured. For | |
8439 | network interfaces where this is appropriate the peer IP | |
8440 | address may now be configured. | |
8441 | ||
26568403 TG |
8442 | * systemd-networkd's DHCP client will no longer request |
8443 | broadcasting by default, as this tripped up some networks. | |
8444 | For hardware where broadcast is required the feature should | |
8445 | be switched back on using RequestBroadcast=yes. | |
8446 | ||
8447 | * systemd-networkd will now set up IPv4LL addresses (when | |
8448 | enabled) even if DHCP is configured successfully. | |
8449 | ||
8450 | * udev will now default to respect network device names given | |
8451 | by the kernel when the kernel indicates that these are | |
8452 | predictable. This behavior can be tweaked by changing | |
8453 | NamePolicy= in the relevant .link file. | |
8454 | ||
b2ca0d63 LP |
8455 | * A new library systemd-terminal has been added that |
8456 | implements full TTY stream parsing and rendering. This | |
8457 | library is supposed to be used later on for implementing a | |
8458 | full userspace VT subsystem, replacing the current kernel | |
8459 | implementation. | |
8460 | ||
8461 | * A new tool systemd-journal-upload has been added to push | |
8462 | journal data to a remote system running | |
8463 | systemd-journal-remote. | |
8464 | ||
8465 | * journald will no longer forward all local data to another | |
8466 | running syslog daemon. This change has been made because | |
8467 | rsyslog (which appears to be the most commonly used syslog | |
8468 | implementation these days) no longer makes use of this, and | |
8469 | instead pulls the data out of the journal on its own. Since | |
5f02e26c | 8470 | forwarding the messages to a non-existent syslog server is |
b2ca0d63 LP |
8471 | more expensive than we assumed we have now turned this |
8472 | off. If you run a syslog server that is not a recent rsyslog | |
8473 | version, you have to turn this option on again | |
8474 | (ForwardToSyslog= in journald.conf). | |
8475 | ||
8476 | * journald now optionally supports the LZ4 compressor for | |
8477 | larger journal fields. This compressor should perform much | |
8478 | better than XZ which was the previous default. | |
8479 | ||
8480 | * machinectl now shows the IP addresses of local containers, | |
8481 | if it knows them, plus the interface name of the container. | |
8482 | ||
8483 | * A new tool "systemd-escape" has been added that makes it | |
8484 | easy to escape strings to build unit names and similar. | |
8485 | ||
8486 | * sd_notify() messages may now include a new ERRNO= field | |
8487 | which is parsed and collected by systemd and shown among the | |
8488 | "systemctl status" output for a service. | |
8489 | ||
8490 | * A new component "systemd-firstboot" has been added that | |
8491 | queries the most basic systemd information (timezone, | |
a1a4a25e | 8492 | hostname, root password) interactively on first |
b2ca0d63 LP |
8493 | boot. Alternatively it may also be used to provision these |
8494 | things offline on OS images installed into directories. | |
8495 | ||
01da80b1 LP |
8496 | * The default sysctl.d/ snippets will now set |
8497 | ||
8498 | net.ipv4.conf.default.promote_secondaries=1 | |
8499 | ||
8500 | This has the benefit of no flushing secondary IP addresses | |
8501 | when primary addresses are removed. | |
8502 | ||
b2ca0d63 LP |
8503 | Contributions from: Ansgar Burchardt, Bastien Nocera, Colin |
8504 | Walters, Dan Dedrick, Daniel Buch, Daniel Korostil, Daniel | |
8505 | Mack, Dan Williams, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Denis | |
8506 | Kenzior, Eelco Dolstra, Eric Cook, Hannes Reinecke, Harald | |
8507 | Hoyer, Hong Shick Pak, Hui Wang, Jean-André Santoni, Jóhann | |
8508 | B. Guðmundsson, Jon Severinsson, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, Kevin | |
8509 | Wells, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
8510 | Marc-Antoine Perennou, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael | |
8511 | Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, | |
8512 | Miguel Angel Ajo, Mike Gilbert, Olivier Brunel, Robert | |
8513 | Schiele, Ronny Chevalier, Simon McVittie, Sjoerd Simons, Stef | |
8514 | Walter, Steven Noonan, Susant Sahani, Tanu Kaskinen, Thomas | |
8515 | Blume, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Timofey Titovets, | |
8516 | Tobias Geerinckx-Rice, Tomasz Torcz, Tom Gundersen, Umut | |
8517 | Tezduyar Lindskog, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
8518 | ||
ccddd104 | 8519 | — Berlin, 2014-08-19 |
b72ddf0f | 8520 | |
3dff3e00 | 8521 | CHANGES WITH 215: |
24a2bf4c LP |
8522 | |
8523 | * A new tool systemd-sysusers has been added. This tool | |
8524 | creates system users and groups in /etc/passwd and | |
8525 | /etc/group, based on static declarative system user/group | |
8526 | definitions in /usr/lib/sysusers.d/. This is useful to | |
8527 | enable factory resets and volatile systems that boot up with | |
8528 | an empty /etc directory, and thus need system users and | |
8529 | groups created during early boot. systemd now also ships | |
8530 | with two default sysusers.d/ files for the most basic | |
8531 | users and groups systemd and the core operating system | |
8532 | require. | |
8533 | ||
8534 | * A new tmpfiles snippet has been added that rebuilds the | |
8535 | essential files in /etc on boot, should they be missing. | |
8536 | ||
8537 | * A directive for ensuring automatic clean-up of | |
8538 | /var/cache/man/ has been removed from the default | |
8539 | configuration. This line should now be shipped by the man | |
8540 | implementation. The necessary change has been made to the | |
8541 | man-db implementation. Note that you need to update your man | |
8542 | implementation to one that ships this line, otherwise no | |
8543 | automatic clean-up of /var/cache/man will take place. | |
8544 | ||
8545 | * A new condition ConditionNeedsUpdate= has been added that | |
8546 | may conditionalize services to only run when /etc or /var | |
8547 | are "older" than the vendor operating system resources in | |
8548 | /usr. This is useful for reconstructing or updating /etc | |
8549 | after an offline update of /usr or a factory reset, on the | |
8550 | next reboot. Services that want to run once after such an | |
8551 | update or reset should use this condition and order | |
8552 | themselves before the new systemd-update-done.service, which | |
8553 | will mark the two directories as fully updated. A number of | |
8554 | service files have been added making use of this, to rebuild | |
8555 | the udev hardware database, the journald message catalog and | |
8556 | dynamic loader cache (ldconfig). The systemd-sysusers tool | |
8557 | described above also makes use of this now. With this in | |
8558 | place it is now possible to start up a minimal operating | |
ce1dde29 | 8559 | system with /etc empty cleanly. For more information on the |
24a2bf4c LP |
8560 | concepts involved see this recent blog story: |
8561 | ||
8562 | http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/stateless.html | |
8563 | ||
8564 | * A new system group "input" has been introduced, and all | |
8565 | input device nodes get this group assigned. This is useful | |
8566 | for system-level software to get access to input devices. It | |
3dff3e00 KS |
8567 | complements what is already done for "audio" and "video". |
8568 | ||
24a2bf4c LP |
8569 | * systemd-networkd learnt minimal DHCPv4 server support in |
8570 | addition to the existing DHCPv4 client support. It also | |
8571 | learnt DHCPv6 client and IPv6 Router Solicitation client | |
8572 | support. The DHCPv4 client gained support for static routes | |
8573 | passed in from the server. Note that the [DHCPv4] section | |
8574 | known in older systemd-networkd versions has been renamed to | |
8575 | [DHCP] and is now also used by the DHCPv6 client. Existing | |
c7435cc9 LP |
8576 | .network files using settings of this section should be |
8577 | updated, though compatibility is maintained. Optionally, the | |
8578 | client hostname may now be sent to the DHCP server. | |
24a2bf4c | 8579 | |
c7435cc9 LP |
8580 | * networkd gained support for vxlan virtual networks as well |
8581 | as tun/tap and dummy devices. | |
24a2bf4c LP |
8582 | |
8583 | * networkd gained support for automatic allocation of address | |
8584 | ranges for interfaces from a system-wide pool of | |
8585 | addresses. This is useful for dynamically managing a large | |
8586 | number of interfaces with a single network configuration | |
8587 | file. In particular this is useful to easily assign | |
8588 | appropriate IP addresses to the veth links of a large number | |
8589 | of nspawn instances. | |
8590 | ||
8591 | * RPM macros for processing sysusers, sysctl and binfmt | |
8592 | drop-in snippets at package installation time have been | |
8593 | added. | |
8594 | ||
8595 | * The /etc/os-release file should now be placed in | |
8596 | /usr/lib/os-release. The old location is automatically | |
8597 | created as symlink. /usr/lib is the more appropriate | |
8598 | location of this file, since it shall actually describe the | |
8599 | vendor operating system shipped in /usr, and not the | |
8600 | configuration stored in /etc. | |
8601 | ||
8602 | * .mount units gained a new boolean SloppyOptions= setting | |
8603 | that maps to mount(8)'s -s option which enables permissive | |
8604 | parsing of unknown mount options. | |
8605 | ||
8606 | * tmpfiles learnt a new "L+" directive which creates a symlink | |
8607 | but (unlike "L") deletes a pre-existing file first, should | |
8608 | it already exist and not already be the correct | |
a8eaaee7 | 8609 | symlink. Similarly, "b+", "c+" and "p+" directives have been |
24a2bf4c LP |
8610 | added as well, which create block and character devices, as |
8611 | well as fifos in the filesystem, possibly removing any | |
8612 | pre-existing files of different types. | |
8613 | ||
8614 | * For tmpfiles' "L", "L+", "C" and "C+" directives the final | |
8615 | 'argument' field (which so far specified the source to | |
ce1dde29 | 8616 | symlink/copy the files from) is now optional. If omitted the |
24a2bf4c LP |
8617 | same file os copied from /usr/share/factory/ suffixed by the |
8618 | full destination path. This is useful for populating /etc | |
8619 | with essential files, by copying them from vendor defaults | |
8620 | shipped in /usr/share/factory/etc. | |
8621 | ||
8622 | * A new command "systemctl preset-all" has been added that | |
8623 | applies the service preset settings to all installed unit | |
8624 | files. A new switch --preset-mode= has been added that | |
8625 | controls whether only enable or only disable operations | |
8626 | shall be executed. | |
8627 | ||
8628 | * A new command "systemctl is-system-running" has been added | |
8629 | that allows checking the overall state of the system, for | |
ce1dde29 | 8630 | example whether it is fully up and running. |
24a2bf4c LP |
8631 | |
8632 | * When the system boots up with an empty /etc, the equivalent | |
8633 | to "systemctl preset-all" is executed during early boot, to | |
8634 | make sure all default services are enabled after a factory | |
8635 | reset. | |
8636 | ||
8637 | * systemd now contains a minimal preset file that enables the | |
8638 | most basic services systemd ships by default. | |
8639 | ||
8640 | * Unit files' [Install] section gained a new DefaultInstance= | |
8641 | field for defining the default instance to create if a | |
8642 | template unit is enabled with no instance specified. | |
8643 | ||
8644 | * A new passive target cryptsetup-pre.target has been added | |
8645 | that may be used by services that need to make they run and | |
8646 | finish before the first LUKS cryptographic device is set up. | |
8647 | ||
8648 | * The /dev/loop-control and /dev/btrfs-control device nodes | |
8649 | are now owned by the "disk" group by default, opening up | |
8650 | access to this group. | |
8651 | ||
8652 | * systemd-coredump will now automatically generate a | |
8653 | stack trace of all core dumps taking place on the system, | |
8654 | based on elfutils' libdw library. This stack trace is logged | |
8655 | to the journal. | |
8656 | ||
8657 | * systemd-coredump may now optionally store coredumps directly | |
8658 | on disk (in /var/lib/systemd/coredump, possibly compressed), | |
8659 | instead of storing them unconditionally in the journal. This | |
8660 | mode is the new default. A new configuration file | |
8661 | /etc/systemd/coredump.conf has been added to configure this | |
8662 | and other parameters of systemd-coredump. | |
8663 | ||
8664 | * coredumpctl gained a new "info" verb to show details about a | |
8665 | specific coredump. A new switch "-1" has also been added | |
8666 | that makes sure to only show information about the most | |
8667 | recent entry instead of all entries. Also, as the tool is | |
8668 | generally useful now the "systemd-" prefix of the binary | |
8669 | name has been removed. Distributions that want to maintain | |
8670 | compatibility with the old name should add a symlink from | |
8671 | the old name to the new name. | |
8672 | ||
8673 | * journald's SplitMode= now defaults to "uid". This makes sure | |
ce1dde29 | 8674 | that unprivileged users can access their own coredumps with |
24a2bf4c LP |
8675 | coredumpctl without restrictions. |
8676 | ||
8677 | * New kernel command line options "systemd.wants=" (for | |
8678 | pulling an additional unit during boot), "systemd.mask=" | |
8679 | (for masking a specific unit for the boot), and | |
8680 | "systemd.debug-shell" (for enabling the debug shell on tty9) | |
8681 | have been added. This is implemented in the new generator | |
8682 | "systemd-debug-generator". | |
8683 | ||
8684 | * systemd-nspawn will now by default filter a couple of | |
8685 | syscalls for containers, among them those required for | |
8686 | kernel module loading, direct x86 IO port access, swap | |
8687 | management, and kexec. Most importantly though | |
8688 | open_by_handle_at() is now prohibited for containers, | |
8689 | closing a hole similar to a recently discussed vulnerability | |
8690 | in docker regarding access to files on file hierarchies the | |
b938cb90 JE |
8691 | container should normally not have access to. Note that, for |
8692 | nspawn, we generally make no security claims anyway (and | |
24a2bf4c LP |
8693 | this is explicitly documented in the man page), so this is |
8694 | just a fix for one of the most obvious problems. | |
8695 | ||
8696 | * A new man page file-hierarchy(7) has been added that | |
8697 | contains a minimized, modernized version of the file system | |
8698 | layout systemd expects, similar in style to the FHS | |
c7435cc9 LP |
8699 | specification or hier(5). A new tool systemd-path(1) has |
8700 | been added to query many of these paths for the local | |
8701 | machine and user. | |
24a2bf4c LP |
8702 | |
8703 | * Automatic time-based clean-up of $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is no | |
8704 | longer done. Since the directory now has a per-user size | |
8705 | limit, and is cleaned on logout this appears unnecessary, | |
8706 | in particular since this now brings the lifecycle of this | |
8707 | directory closer in line with how IPC objects are handled. | |
8708 | ||
8709 | * systemd.pc now exports a number of additional directories, | |
8710 | including $libdir (which is useful to identify the library | |
8711 | path for the primary architecture of the system), and a | |
8712 | couple of drop-in directories. | |
8713 | ||
3058e017 TLSC |
8714 | * udev's predictable network interface names now use the dev_port |
8715 | sysfs attribute, introduced in linux 3.15 instead of dev_id to | |
8716 | distinguish between ports of the same PCI function. dev_id should | |
8717 | only be used for ports using the same HW address, hence the need | |
8718 | for dev_port. | |
8719 | ||
c7435cc9 LP |
8720 | * machined has been updated to export the OS version of a |
8721 | container (read from /etc/os-release and | |
8722 | /usr/lib/os-release) on the bus. This is now shown in | |
8723 | "machinectl status" for a machine. | |
8724 | ||
8725 | * A new service setting RestartForceExitStatus= has been | |
8726 | added. If configured to a set of exit signals or process | |
8727 | return values, the service will be restarted when the main | |
8728 | daemon process exits with any of them, regardless of the | |
8729 | Restart= setting. | |
8730 | ||
8731 | * systemctl's -H switch for connecting to remote systemd | |
8732 | machines has been extended so that it may be used to | |
8733 | directly connect to a specific container on the | |
8734 | host. "systemctl -H root@foobar:waldi" will now connect as | |
8735 | user "root" to host "foobar", and then proceed directly to | |
8736 | the container named "waldi". Note that currently you have to | |
8737 | authenticate as user "root" for this to work, as entering | |
8738 | containers is a privileged operation. | |
8739 | ||
8740 | Contributions from: Andreas Henriksson, Benjamin Steinwender, | |
8741 | Carl Schaefer, Christian Hesse, Colin Ian King, Cristian | |
8742 | Rodríguez, Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Eugene | |
8743 | Yakubovich, Filipe Brandenburger, Frederic Crozat, Hristo | |
8744 | Venev, Jan Engelhardt, Jonathan Boulle, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
8745 | Poettering, Luke Shumaker, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc-Antoine | |
8746 | Perennou, Marcel Holtmann, Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, | |
8747 | Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Michal Sekletar, Patrik Flykt, Ronan Le | |
8748 | Martret, Ronny Chevalier, Ruediger Oertel, Steven Noonan, | |
8749 | Susant Sahani, Thadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo, Thomas Hindoe | |
8750 | Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Tom Hirst, Umut Tezduyar | |
8751 | Lindskog, Uoti Urpala, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
8752 | ||
ccddd104 | 8753 | — Berlin, 2014-07-03 |
c7435cc9 | 8754 | |
4196a3ea KS |
8755 | CHANGES WITH 214: |
8756 | ||
8757 | * As an experimental feature, udev now tries to lock the | |
8758 | disk device node (flock(LOCK_SH|LOCK_NB)) while it | |
8759 | executes events for the disk or any of its partitions. | |
8760 | Applications like partitioning programs can lock the | |
8761 | disk device node (flock(LOCK_EX)) and claim temporary | |
8762 | device ownership that way; udev will entirely skip all event | |
8763 | handling for this disk and its partitions. If the disk | |
8764 | was opened for writing, the close will trigger a partition | |
8765 | table rescan in udev's "watch" facility, and if needed | |
71449caf | 8766 | synthesize "change" events for the disk and all its partitions. |
8d0e0ddd | 8767 | This is now unconditionally enabled, and if it turns out to |
4196a3ea | 8768 | cause major problems, we might turn it on only for specific |
45df8656 | 8769 | devices, or might need to disable it entirely. Device Mapper |
4196a3ea KS |
8770 | devices are excluded from this logic. |
8771 | ||
04e91da2 LP |
8772 | * We temporarily dropped the "-l" switch for fsck invocations, |
8773 | since they collide with the flock() logic above. util-linux | |
8774 | upstream has been changed already to avoid this conflict, | |
5238e957 | 8775 | and we will re-add "-l" as soon as util-linux with this |
04e91da2 LP |
8776 | change has been released. |
8777 | ||
8778 | * The dependency on libattr has been removed. Since a long | |
8d0e0ddd | 8779 | time, the extended attribute calls have moved to glibc, and |
04e91da2 LP |
8780 | libattr is thus unnecessary. |
8781 | ||
ce830873 | 8782 | * Virtualization detection works without privileges now. This |
04e91da2 LP |
8783 | means the systemd-detect-virt binary no longer requires |
8784 | CAP_SYS_PTRACE file capabilities, and our daemons can run | |
71449caf | 8785 | with fewer privileges. |
04e91da2 LP |
8786 | |
8787 | * systemd-networkd now runs under its own "systemd-network" | |
8788 | user. It retains the CAP_NET_ADMIN, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, | |
8789 | CAP_NET_BROADCAST, CAP_NET_RAW capabilities though, but | |
8790 | loses the ability to write to files owned by root this way. | |
8791 | ||
a8eaaee7 | 8792 | * Similarly, systemd-resolved now runs under its own |
04e91da2 LP |
8793 | "systemd-resolve" user with no capabilities remaining. |
8794 | ||
a8eaaee7 | 8795 | * Similarly, systemd-bus-proxyd now runs under its own |
04e91da2 LP |
8796 | "systemd-bus-proxy" user with only CAP_IPC_OWNER remaining. |
8797 | ||
8798 | * systemd-networkd gained support for setting up "veth" | |
a8eaaee7 | 8799 | virtual Ethernet devices for container connectivity, as well |
04e91da2 LP |
8800 | as GRE and VTI tunnels. |
8801 | ||
8802 | * systemd-networkd will no longer automatically attempt to | |
8803 | manually load kernel modules necessary for certain tunnel | |
8d0e0ddd | 8804 | transports. Instead, it is assumed the kernel loads them |
04e91da2 LP |
8805 | automatically when required. This only works correctly on |
8806 | very new kernels. On older kernels, please consider adding | |
c54bed5d | 8807 | the kernel modules to /etc/modules-load.d/ as a work-around. |
04e91da2 | 8808 | |
cd14eda3 | 8809 | * The resolv.conf file systemd-resolved generates has been |
8d0e0ddd JE |
8810 | moved to /run/systemd/resolve/. If you have a symlink from |
8811 | /etc/resolv.conf, it might be necessary to correct it. | |
cd14eda3 | 8812 | |
ef392da6 | 8813 | * Two new service settings, ProtectHome= and ProtectSystem=, |
8d0e0ddd | 8814 | have been added. When enabled, they will make the user data |
04e91da2 LP |
8815 | (such as /home) inaccessible or read-only and the system |
8816 | (such as /usr) read-only, for specific services. This allows | |
8817 | very light-weight per-service sandboxing to avoid | |
8818 | modifications of user data or system files from | |
8819 | services. These two new switches have been enabled for all | |
8820 | of systemd's long-running services, where appropriate. | |
8821 | ||
8822 | * Socket units gained new SocketUser= and SocketGroup= | |
8823 | settings to set the owner user and group of AF_UNIX sockets | |
8824 | and FIFOs in the file system. | |
8825 | ||
8d0e0ddd | 8826 | * Socket units gained a new RemoveOnStop= setting. If enabled, |
04e91da2 LP |
8827 | all FIFOS and sockets in the file system will be removed |
8828 | when the specific socket unit is stopped. | |
8829 | ||
8830 | * Socket units gained a new Symlinks= setting. It takes a list | |
8831 | of symlinks to create to file system sockets or FIFOs | |
45df8656 | 8832 | created by the specific Unix sockets. This is useful to |
de04bbdc | 8833 | manage symlinks to socket nodes with the same lifecycle as |
04e91da2 LP |
8834 | the socket itself. |
8835 | ||
8836 | * The /dev/log socket and /dev/initctl FIFO have been moved to | |
8837 | /run, and have been replaced by symlinks. This allows | |
8838 | connecting to these facilities even if PrivateDevices=yes is | |
8839 | used for a service (which makes /dev/log itself unavailable, | |
8840 | but /run is left). This also has the benefit of ensuring | |
8841 | that /dev only contains device nodes, directories and | |
8842 | symlinks, and nothing else. | |
8843 | ||
8844 | * sd-daemon gained two new calls sd_pid_notify() and | |
8845 | sd_pid_notifyf(). They are similar to sd_notify() and | |
8846 | sd_notifyf(), but allow overriding of the source PID of | |
8847 | notification messages if permissions permit this. This is | |
8848 | useful to send notify messages on behalf of a different | |
8849 | process (for example, the parent process). The | |
8850 | systemd-notify tool has been updated to make use of this | |
8851 | when sending messages (so that notification messages now | |
8852 | originate from the shell script invoking systemd-notify and | |
8853 | not the systemd-notify process itself. This should minimize | |
8854 | a race where systemd fails to associate notification | |
8855 | messages to services when the originating process already | |
8856 | vanished. | |
8857 | ||
8858 | * A new "on-abnormal" setting for Restart= has been added. If | |
8d0e0ddd | 8859 | set, it will result in automatic restarts on all "abnormal" |
04e91da2 LP |
8860 | reasons for a process to exit, which includes unclean |
8861 | signals, core dumps, timeouts and watchdog timeouts, but | |
8862 | does not include clean and unclean exit codes or clean | |
8863 | signals. Restart=on-abnormal is an alternative for | |
8864 | Restart=on-failure for services that shall be able to | |
8865 | terminate and avoid restarts on certain errors, by | |
8866 | indicating so with an unclean exit code. Restart=on-failure | |
8867 | or Restart=on-abnormal is now the recommended setting for | |
8868 | all long-running services. | |
8869 | ||
8870 | * If the InaccessibleDirectories= service setting points to a | |
8871 | mount point (or if there are any submounts contained within | |
8872 | it), it is now attempted to completely unmount it, to make | |
8873 | the file systems truly unavailable for the respective | |
8874 | service. | |
8875 | ||
8876 | * The ReadOnlyDirectories= service setting and | |
8877 | systemd-nspawn's --read-only parameter are now recursively | |
8878 | applied to all submounts, too. | |
8879 | ||
8880 | * Mount units may now be created transiently via the bus APIs. | |
8881 | ||
8882 | * The support for SysV and LSB init scripts has been removed | |
8883 | from the systemd daemon itself. Instead, it is now | |
8884 | implemented as a generator that creates native systemd units | |
8885 | from these scripts when needed. This enables us to remove a | |
8886 | substantial amount of legacy code from PID 1, following the | |
8887 | fact that many distributions only ship a very small number | |
8888 | of LSB/SysV init scripts nowadays. | |
8889 | ||
cc98b302 | 8890 | * Privileged Xen (dom0) domains are not considered |
04e91da2 LP |
8891 | virtualization anymore by the virtualization detection |
8892 | logic. After all, they generally have unrestricted access to | |
71449caf | 8893 | the hardware and usually are used to manage the unprivileged |
04e91da2 LP |
8894 | (domU) domains. |
8895 | ||
8896 | * systemd-tmpfiles gained a new "C" line type, for copying | |
8897 | files or entire directories. | |
8898 | ||
8899 | * systemd-tmpfiles "m" lines are now fully equivalent to "z" | |
8d0e0ddd JE |
8900 | lines. So far, they have been non-globbing versions of the |
8901 | latter, and have thus been redundant. In future, it is | |
8902 | recommended to only use "z". "m" has hence been removed | |
04e91da2 LP |
8903 | from the documentation, even though it stays supported. |
8904 | ||
8905 | * A tmpfiles snippet to recreate the most basic structure in | |
8906 | /var has been added. This is enough to create the /var/run → | |
8907 | /run symlink and create a couple of structural | |
8908 | directories. This allows systems to boot up with an empty or | |
8d0e0ddd JE |
8909 | volatile /var. Of course, while with this change, the core OS |
8910 | now is capable with dealing with a volatile /var, not all | |
04e91da2 | 8911 | user services are ready for it. However, we hope that sooner |
8d0e0ddd | 8912 | or later, many service daemons will be changed upstream so |
04e91da2 LP |
8913 | that they are able to automatically create their necessary |
8914 | directories in /var at boot, should they be missing. This is | |
8915 | the first step to allow state-less systems that only require | |
8916 | the vendor image for /usr to boot. | |
8917 | ||
8918 | * systemd-nspawn has gained a new --tmpfs= switch to mount an | |
8919 | empty tmpfs instance to a specific directory. This is | |
8920 | particularly useful for making use of the automatic | |
8921 | reconstruction of /var (see above), by passing --tmpfs=/var. | |
8922 | ||
8923 | * Access modes specified in tmpfiles snippets may now be | |
8924 | prefixed with "~", which indicates that they shall be masked | |
daa05349 | 8925 | by whether the existing file or directory is currently |
8d0e0ddd | 8926 | writable, readable or executable at all. Also, if specified, |
04e91da2 LP |
8927 | the sgid/suid/sticky bits will be masked for all |
8928 | non-directories. | |
8929 | ||
8930 | * A new passive target unit "network-pre.target" has been | |
8931 | added which is useful for services that shall run before any | |
8932 | network is configured, for example firewall scripts. | |
8933 | ||
4c0d13bd LP |
8934 | * The "floppy" group that previously owned the /dev/fd* |
8935 | devices is no longer used. The "disk" group is now used | |
8936 | instead. Distributions should probably deprecate usage of | |
8937 | this group. | |
8938 | ||
dc1d6c02 LP |
8939 | Contributions from: Camilo Aguilar, Christian Hesse, Colin Ian |
8940 | King, Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Dave Reisner, David | |
8941 | Strauss, Denis Tikhomirov, John, Jonathan Liu, Kay Sievers, | |
8942 | Lennart Poettering, Mantas Mikulėnas, Mark Eichin, Ronny | |
8943 | Chevalier, Susant Sahani, Thomas Blume, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel | |
8944 | Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Zbigniew | |
8945 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
8946 | ||
ccddd104 | 8947 | — Berlin, 2014-06-11 |
dc1d6c02 | 8948 | |
6936cd89 LP |
8949 | CHANGES WITH 213: |
8950 | ||
8951 | * A new "systemd-timesyncd" daemon has been added for | |
69beda1f | 8952 | synchronizing the system clock across the network. It |
6936cd89 | 8953 | implements an SNTP client. In contrast to NTP |
8d0e0ddd | 8954 | implementations such as chrony or the NTP reference server, |
6936cd89 | 8955 | this only implements a client side, and does not bother with |
c9679c65 LP |
8956 | the full NTP complexity, focusing only on querying time from |
8957 | one remote server and synchronizing the local clock to | |
6936cd89 | 8958 | it. Unless you intend to serve NTP to networked clients or |
8d0e0ddd | 8959 | want to connect to local hardware clocks, this simple NTP |
6936cd89 LP |
8960 | client should be more than appropriate for most |
8961 | installations. The daemon runs with minimal privileges, and | |
8962 | has been hooked up with networkd to only operate when | |
8963 | network connectivity is available. The daemon saves the | |
8964 | current clock to disk every time a new NTP sync has been | |
8965 | acquired, and uses this to possibly correct the system clock | |
69beda1f | 8966 | early at bootup, in order to accommodate for systems that |
6936cd89 | 8967 | lack an RTC such as the Raspberry Pi and embedded devices, |
8d0e0ddd | 8968 | and to make sure that time monotonically progresses on these |
c9679c65 | 8969 | systems, even if it is not always correct. To make use of |
8d0e0ddd | 8970 | this daemon, a new system user and group "systemd-timesync" |
c9679c65 | 8971 | needs to be created on installation of systemd. |
6936cd89 | 8972 | |
69beda1f KS |
8973 | * The queue "seqnum" interface of libudev has been disabled, as |
8974 | it was generally incompatible with device namespacing as | |
6936cd89 LP |
8975 | sequence numbers of devices go "missing" if the devices are |
8976 | part of a different namespace. | |
8977 | ||
8978 | * "systemctl list-timers" and "systemctl list-sockets" gained | |
8979 | a --recursive switch for showing units of these types also | |
499b604b ZJS |
8980 | for all local containers, similar in style to the already |
8981 | supported --recursive switch for "systemctl list-units". | |
6936cd89 LP |
8982 | |
8983 | * A new RebootArgument= setting has been added for service | |
8984 | units, which may be used to specify a kernel reboot argument | |
499b604b | 8985 | to use when triggering reboots with StartLimitAction=. |
6936cd89 LP |
8986 | |
8987 | * A new FailureAction= setting has been added for service | |
8988 | units which may be used to specify an operation to trigger | |
499b604b | 8989 | when a service fails. This works similarly to |
8d0e0ddd | 8990 | StartLimitAction=, but unlike it, controls what is done |
6936cd89 LP |
8991 | immediately rather than only after several attempts to |
8992 | restart the service in question. | |
8993 | ||
8994 | * hostnamed got updated to also expose the kernel name, | |
499b604b ZJS |
8995 | release, and version on the bus. This is useful for |
8996 | executing commands like hostnamectl with the -H switch. | |
8997 | systemd-analyze makes use of this to properly display | |
8998 | details when running non-locally. | |
6936cd89 LP |
8999 | |
9000 | * The bootchart tool can now show cgroup information in the | |
9001 | graphs it generates. | |
9002 | ||
9003 | * The CFS CPU quota cgroup attribute is now exposed for | |
9004 | services. The new CPUQuota= switch has been added for this | |
9005 | which takes a percentage value. Setting this will have the | |
9006 | result that a service may never get more CPU time than the | |
9007 | specified percentage, even if the machine is otherwise idle. | |
9008 | ||
9009 | * systemd-networkd learned IPIP and SIT tunnel support. | |
9010 | ||
9011 | * LSB init scripts exposing a dependency on $network will now | |
9012 | get a dependency on network-online.target rather than simply | |
9013 | network.target. This should bring LSB handling closer to | |
9014 | what it was on SysV systems. | |
9015 | ||
9016 | * A new fsck.repair= kernel option has been added to control | |
9017 | how fsck shall deal with unclean file systems at boot. | |
9018 | ||
2ad98889 ZJS |
9019 | * The (.ini) configuration file parser will now silently ignore |
9020 | sections whose names begin with "X-". This may be used to maintain | |
9021 | application-specific extension sections in unit files. | |
6936cd89 LP |
9022 | |
9023 | * machined gained a new API to query the IP addresses of | |
9024 | registered containers. "machinectl status" has been updated | |
9025 | to show these addresses in its output. | |
9026 | ||
9027 | * A new call sd_uid_get_display() has been added to the | |
9028 | sd-login APIs for querying the "primary" session of a | |
9029 | user. The "primary" session of the user is elected from the | |
9030 | user's sessions and generally a graphical session is | |
9031 | preferred over a text one. | |
9032 | ||
9033 | * A minimal systemd-resolved daemon has been added. It | |
9034 | currently simply acts as a companion to systemd-networkd and | |
9035 | manages resolv.conf based on per-interface DNS | |
9036 | configuration, possibly supplied via DHCP. In the long run | |
9037 | we hope to extend this into a local DNSSEC enabled DNS and | |
9038 | mDNS cache. | |
9039 | ||
68dd0956 TG |
9040 | * The systemd-networkd-wait-online tool is now enabled by |
9041 | default. It will delay network-online.target until a network | |
9042 | connection has been configured. The tool primarily integrates | |
9043 | with networkd, but will also make a best effort to make sense | |
9044 | of network configuration performed in some other way. | |
9045 | ||
6936cd89 | 9046 | * Two new service options StartupCPUShares= and |
499b604b | 9047 | StartupBlockIOWeight= have been added that work similarly to |
6936cd89 | 9048 | CPUShares= and BlockIOWeight= however only apply during |
69beda1f | 9049 | system startup. This is useful to prioritize certain services |
6936cd89 LP |
9050 | differently during bootup than during normal runtime. |
9051 | ||
8e7acf67 LP |
9052 | * hostnamed has been changed to prefer the statically |
9053 | configured hostname in /etc/hostname (unless set to | |
9054 | 'localhost' or empty) over any dynamic one supplied by | |
8d0e0ddd | 9055 | dhcp. With this change, the rules for picking the hostname |
8e7acf67 LP |
9056 | match more closely the rules of other configuration settings |
9057 | where the local administrator's configuration in /etc always | |
9058 | overrides any other settings. | |
9059 | ||
5238e957 | 9060 | Contributions from: Ali H. Caliskan, Alison Chaiken, Bas van |
6936cd89 LP |
9061 | den Berg, Brandon Philips, Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, |
9062 | Dan Kilman, Dave Reisner, David Härdeman, David Herrmann, | |
9063 | David Strauss, Dimitris Spingos, Djalal Harouni, Eelco | |
9064 | Dolstra, Evan Nemerson, Florian Albrechtskirchinger, Greg | |
9065 | Kroah-Hartman, Harald Hoyer, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Jan | |
9066 | Engelhardt, Jani Nikula, Jason St. John, Jeffrey Clark, | |
9067 | Jonathan Boulle, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas | |
9068 | Nykryn, Lukasz Skalski, Łukasz Stelmach, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
8e7acf67 LP |
9069 | Marcel Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Michael |
9070 | Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Michal Sekletar, Mike Gilbert, Nis | |
9071 | Martensen, Patrik Flykt, Philip Lorenz, poma, Ray Strode, | |
9072 | Reyad Attiyat, Robert Milasan, Scott Thrasher, Stef Walter, | |
9073 | Steven Siloti, Susant Sahani, Tanu Kaskinen, Thomas Bächler, | |
9074 | Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar | |
9075 | Lindskog, WaLyong Cho, Will Woods, Zbigniew | |
6936cd89 LP |
9076 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek |
9077 | ||
ccddd104 | 9078 | — Beijing, 2014-05-28 |
6936cd89 | 9079 | |
51c61cda LP |
9080 | CHANGES WITH 212: |
9081 | ||
9082 | * When restoring the screen brightness at boot, stay away from | |
9083 | the darkest setting or from the lowest 5% of the available | |
9084 | range, depending on which is the larger value of both. This | |
9085 | should effectively protect the user from rebooting into a | |
9086 | black screen, should the brightness have been set to minimum | |
9087 | by accident. | |
9088 | ||
9089 | * sd-login gained a new sd_machine_get_class() call to | |
9090 | determine the class ("vm" or "container") of a machine | |
9091 | registered with machined. | |
9092 | ||
9093 | * sd-login gained new calls | |
9094 | sd_peer_get_{session,owner_uid,unit,user_unit,slice,machine_name}(), | |
9095 | to query the identity of the peer of a local AF_UNIX | |
499b604b | 9096 | connection. They operate similarly to their sd_pid_get_xyz() |
51c61cda LP |
9097 | counterparts. |
9098 | ||
9099 | * PID 1 will now maintain a system-wide system state engine | |
9100 | with the states "starting", "running", "degraded", | |
9101 | "maintenance", "stopping". These states are bound to system | |
9102 | startup, normal runtime, runtime with at least one failed | |
9103 | service, rescue/emergency mode and system shutdown. This | |
9104 | state is shown in the "systemctl status" output when no unit | |
9105 | name is passed. It is useful to determine system state, in | |
9106 | particularly when doing so for many systems or containers at | |
9107 | once. | |
9108 | ||
9109 | * A new command "list-machines" has been added to "systemctl" | |
9110 | that lists all local OS containers and shows their system | |
9111 | state (see above), if systemd runs inside of them. | |
9112 | ||
9113 | * systemctl gained a new "-r" switch to recursively enumerate | |
9114 | units on all local containers, when used with the | |
9115 | "list-unit" command (which is the default one that is | |
9116 | executed when no parameters are specified). | |
9117 | ||
9118 | * The GPT automatic partition discovery logic will now honour | |
9119 | two GPT partition flags: one may be set on a partition to | |
9120 | cause it to be mounted read-only, and the other may be set | |
9121 | on a partition to ignore it during automatic discovery. | |
9122 | ||
9123 | * Two new GPT type UUIDs have been added for automatic root | |
70a44afe | 9124 | partition discovery, for 32-bit and 64-bit ARM. This is not |
51c61cda LP |
9125 | particularly useful for discovering the root directory on |
9126 | these architectures during bare-metal boots (since UEFI is | |
9127 | not common there), but still very useful to allow booting of | |
9128 | ARM disk images in nspawn with the -i option. | |
9129 | ||
9130 | * MAC addresses of interfaces created with nspawn's | |
9131 | --network-interface= switch will now be generated from the | |
9132 | machine name, and thus be stable between multiple invocations | |
9133 | of the container. | |
9134 | ||
9135 | * logind will now automatically remove all IPC objects owned | |
9136 | by a user if she or he fully logs out. This makes sure that | |
9137 | users who are logged out cannot continue to consume IPC | |
9138 | resources. This covers SysV memory, semaphores and message | |
9139 | queues as well as POSIX shared memory and message | |
de04bbdc | 9140 | queues. Traditionally, SysV and POSIX IPC had no lifecycle |
b8bde116 JE |
9141 | limits. With this functionality, that is corrected. This may |
9142 | be turned off by using the RemoveIPC= switch of logind.conf. | |
51c61cda LP |
9143 | |
9144 | * The systemd-machine-id-setup and tmpfiles tools gained a | |
9145 | --root= switch to operate on a specific root directory, | |
9146 | instead of /. | |
9147 | ||
9148 | * journald can now forward logged messages to the TTYs of all | |
9149 | logged in users ("wall"). This is the default for all | |
9150 | emergency messages now. | |
9151 | ||
9152 | * A new tool systemd-journal-remote has been added to stream | |
9153 | journal log messages across the network. | |
9154 | ||
9155 | * /sys/fs/cgroup/ is now mounted read-only after all cgroup | |
9156 | controller trees are mounted into it. Note that the | |
9157 | directories mounted beneath it are not read-only. This is a | |
9158 | security measure and is particularly useful because glibc | |
9159 | actually includes a search logic to pick any tmpfs it can | |
9160 | find to implement shm_open() if /dev/shm is not available | |
9161 | (which it might very well be in namespaced setups). | |
9162 | ||
9163 | * machinectl gained a new "poweroff" command to cleanly power | |
9164 | down a local OS container. | |
9165 | ||
9166 | * The PrivateDevices= unit file setting will now also drop the | |
9167 | CAP_MKNOD capability from the capability bound set, and | |
9168 | imply DevicePolicy=closed. | |
9169 | ||
9170 | * PrivateDevices=, PrivateNetwork= and PrivateTmp= is now used | |
9171 | comprehensively on all long-running systemd services where | |
9172 | this is appropriate. | |
9173 | ||
9174 | * systemd-udevd will now run in a disassociated mount | |
b8bde116 | 9175 | namespace. To mount directories from udev rules, make sure to |
51c61cda LP |
9176 | pull in mount units via SYSTEMD_WANTS properties. |
9177 | ||
9178 | * The kdbus support gained support for uploading policy into | |
9179 | the kernel. sd-bus gained support for creating "monitoring" | |
9180 | connections that can eavesdrop into all bus communication | |
9181 | for debugging purposes. | |
9182 | ||
9183 | * Timestamps may now be specified in seconds since the UNIX | |
9184 | epoch Jan 1st, 1970 by specifying "@" followed by the value | |
9185 | in seconds. | |
9186 | ||
9187 | * Native tcpwrap support in systemd has been removed. tcpwrap | |
9188 | is old code, not really maintained anymore and has serious | |
9189 | shortcomings, and better options such as firewalls | |
9190 | exist. For setups that require tcpwrap usage, please | |
9191 | consider invoking your socket-activated service via tcpd, | |
9192 | like on traditional inetd. | |
9193 | ||
9194 | * A new system.conf configuration option | |
9195 | DefaultTimerAccuracySec= has been added that controls the | |
9196 | default AccuracySec= setting of .timer units. | |
9197 | ||
b8bde116 | 9198 | * Timer units gained a new WakeSystem= switch. If enabled, |
51c61cda LP |
9199 | timers configured this way will cause the system to resume |
9200 | from system suspend (if the system supports that, which most | |
9201 | do these days). | |
9202 | ||
b8bde116 | 9203 | * Timer units gained a new Persistent= switch. If enabled, |
51c61cda LP |
9204 | timers configured this way will save to disk when they have |
9205 | been last triggered. This information is then used on next | |
9206 | reboot to possible execute overdue timer events, that | |
d28315e4 JE |
9207 | could not take place because the system was powered off. |
9208 | This enables simple anacron-like behaviour for timer units. | |
51c61cda LP |
9209 | |
9210 | * systemctl's "list-timers" will now also list the time a | |
9211 | timer unit was last triggered in addition to the next time | |
9212 | it will be triggered. | |
9213 | ||
9214 | * systemd-networkd will now assign predictable IPv4LL | |
9215 | addresses to its local interfaces. | |
9216 | ||
9217 | Contributions from: Brandon Philips, Daniel Buch, Daniel Mack, | |
9218 | Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Gerd Hoffmann, Greg | |
9219 | Kroah-Hartman, Hendrik Brueckner, Jason St. John, Josh | |
9220 | Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Marc-Antoine | |
9221 | Perennou, Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Miklos Vajna, | |
9222 | Patrik Flykt, poma, Sebastian Thorarensen, Thomas Bächler, | |
9223 | Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tomasz Torcz, Tom Gundersen, | |
9224 | Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Wieland Hoffmann, Zbigniew | |
9225 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
9226 | ||
ccddd104 | 9227 | — Berlin, 2014-03-25 |
51c61cda | 9228 | |
699b6b34 LP |
9229 | CHANGES WITH 211: |
9230 | ||
9231 | * A new unit file setting RestrictAddressFamilies= has been | |
9232 | added to restrict which socket address families unit | |
9233 | processes gain access to. This takes address family names | |
9234 | like "AF_INET" or "AF_UNIX", and is useful to minimize the | |
9235 | attack surface of services via exotic protocol stacks. This | |
9236 | is built on seccomp system call filters. | |
9237 | ||
9238 | * Two new unit file settings RuntimeDirectory= and | |
9239 | RuntimeDirectoryMode= have been added that may be used to | |
9240 | manage a per-daemon runtime directories below /run. This is | |
9241 | an alternative for setting up directory permissions with | |
9242 | tmpfiles snippets, and has the advantage that the runtime | |
9243 | directory's lifetime is bound to the daemon runtime and that | |
9244 | the daemon starts up with an empty directory each time. This | |
9245 | is particularly useful when writing services that drop | |
f1721625 | 9246 | privileges using the User= or Group= setting. |
699b6b34 LP |
9247 | |
9248 | * The DeviceAllow= unit setting now supports globbing for | |
9249 | matching against device group names. | |
9250 | ||
9251 | * The systemd configuration file system.conf gained new | |
9252 | settings DefaultCPUAccounting=, DefaultBlockIOAccounting=, | |
9253 | DefaultMemoryAccounting= to globally turn on/off accounting | |
9254 | for specific resources (cgroups) for all units. These | |
22e7062d | 9255 | settings may still be overridden individually in each unit |
699b6b34 LP |
9256 | though. |
9257 | ||
9258 | * systemd-gpt-auto-generator is now able to discover /srv and | |
9259 | root partitions in addition to /home and swap partitions. It | |
9260 | also supports LUKS-encrypted partitions now. With this in | |
b8bde116 | 9261 | place, automatic discovery of partitions to mount following |
699b6b34 | 9262 | the Discoverable Partitions Specification |
56cadcb6 | 9263 | (https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/DiscoverablePartitionsSpec) |
699b6b34 LP |
9264 | is now a lot more complete. This allows booting without |
9265 | /etc/fstab and without root= on the kernel command line on | |
b8bde116 | 9266 | systems prepared appropriately. |
699b6b34 LP |
9267 | |
9268 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --image= switch which allows | |
9269 | booting up disk images and Linux installations on any block | |
9270 | device that follow the Discoverable Partitions Specification | |
9271 | (see above). This means that installations made with | |
9272 | appropriately updated installers may now be started and | |
9273 | deployed using container managers, completely | |
9274 | unmodified. (We hope that libvirt-lxc will add support for | |
9275 | this feature soon, too.) | |
9276 | ||
9277 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --network-macvlan= setting to | |
9278 | set up a private macvlan interface for the | |
499b604b | 9279 | container. Similarly, systemd-networkd gained a new |
699b6b34 LP |
9280 | Kind=macvlan setting in .netdev files. |
9281 | ||
9282 | * systemd-networkd now supports configuring local addresses | |
9283 | using IPv4LL. | |
9284 | ||
9285 | * A new tool systemd-network-wait-online has been added to | |
9286 | synchronously wait for network connectivity using | |
9287 | systemd-networkd. | |
9288 | ||
9289 | * The sd-bus.h bus API gained a new sd_bus_track object for | |
de04bbdc | 9290 | tracking the lifecycle of bus peers. Note that sd-bus.h is |
699b6b34 LP |
9291 | still not a public API though (unless you specify |
9292 | --enable-kdbus on the configure command line, which however | |
9293 | voids your warranty and you get no API stability guarantee). | |
9294 | ||
9295 | * The $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR runtime directories for each user are | |
9296 | now individual tmpfs instances, which has the benefit of | |
9297 | introducing separate pools for each user, with individual | |
4ef6e535 | 9298 | size limits, and thus making sure that unprivileged clients |
699b6b34 LP |
9299 | can no longer negatively impact the system or other users by |
9300 | filling up their $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR. A new logind.conf setting | |
9301 | RuntimeDirectorySize= has been introduced that allows | |
9302 | controlling the default size limit for all users. It | |
9303 | defaults to 10% of the available physical memory. This is no | |
9304 | replacement for quotas on tmpfs though (which the kernel | |
9305 | still does not support), as /dev/shm and /tmp are still | |
4ef6e535 | 9306 | shared resources used by both the system and unprivileged |
699b6b34 LP |
9307 | users. |
9308 | ||
9309 | * logind will now automatically turn off automatic suspending | |
9310 | on laptop lid close when more than one display is | |
9311 | connected. This was previously expected to be implemented | |
9312 | individually in desktop environments (such as GNOME), | |
9313 | however has been added to logind now, in order to fix a | |
9314 | boot-time race where a desktop environment might not have | |
9315 | been started yet and thus not been able to take an inhibitor | |
9316 | lock at the time where logind already suspends the system | |
9317 | due to a closed lid. | |
9318 | ||
9319 | * logind will now wait at least 30s after each system | |
9320 | suspend/resume cycle, and 3min after system boot before | |
9321 | suspending the system due to a closed laptop lid. This | |
9322 | should give USB docking stations and similar enough time to | |
4ef6e535 | 9323 | be probed and configured after system resume and boot in |
699b6b34 LP |
9324 | order to then act as suspend blocker. |
9325 | ||
9326 | * systemd-run gained a new --property= setting which allows | |
9327 | initialization of resource control properties (and others) | |
9328 | for the created scope or service unit. Example: "systemd-run | |
9329 | --property=BlockIOWeight=10 updatedb" may be used to run | |
9330 | updatedb at a low block IO scheduling weight. | |
9331 | ||
9332 | * systemd-run's --uid=, --gid=, --setenv=, --setenv= switches | |
9333 | now also work in --scope mode. | |
9334 | ||
9335 | * When systemd is compiled with kdbus support, basic support | |
9336 | for enforced policies is now in place. (Note that enabling | |
9337 | kdbus still voids your warranty and no API compatibility | |
9338 | promises are made.) | |
9339 | ||
9340 | Contributions from: Andrey Borzenkov, Ansgar Burchardt, Armin | |
9341 | K., Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Djalal Harouni, | |
9342 | Harald Hoyer, Henrik Grindal Bakken, Jasper St. Pierre, Kay | |
9343 | Sievers, Kieran Clancy, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, | |
9344 | Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel Holtmann, Mark Oteiza, Martin Pitt, | |
9345 | Mike Gilbert, Peter Rajnoha, poma, Samuli Suominen, Stef | |
9346 | Walter, Susant Sahani, Tero Roponen, Thomas Andersen, Thomas | |
9347 | Bächler, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tomasz Torcz, Tom | |
9348 | Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Uoti Urpala, Zachary Cook, | |
9349 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
9350 | ||
ccddd104 | 9351 | — Berlin, 2014-03-12 |
699b6b34 | 9352 | |
43c71255 LP |
9353 | CHANGES WITH 210: |
9354 | ||
9355 | * systemd will now relabel /dev after loading the SMACK policy | |
9356 | according to SMACK rules. | |
9357 | ||
67dd87c5 | 9358 | * A new unit file option AppArmorProfile= has been added to |
43c71255 LP |
9359 | set the AppArmor profile for the processes of a unit. |
9360 | ||
9361 | * A new condition check ConditionArchitecture= has been added | |
9362 | to conditionalize units based on the system architecture, as | |
9363 | reported by uname()'s "machine" field. | |
9364 | ||
9365 | * systemd-networkd now supports matching on the system | |
38b38500 | 9366 | virtualization, architecture, kernel command line, hostname |
43c71255 LP |
9367 | and machine ID. |
9368 | ||
ed28905e | 9369 | * logind is now a lot more aggressive when suspending the |
43c71255 | 9370 | machine due to a closed laptop lid. Instead of acting only |
b8bde116 | 9371 | on the lid close action, it will continuously watch the lid |
43c71255 LP |
9372 | status and act on it. This is useful for laptops where the |
9373 | power button is on the outside of the chassis so that it can | |
ed28905e | 9374 | be reached without opening the lid (such as the Lenovo |
b8bde116 | 9375 | Yoga). On those machines, logind will now immediately |
ed28905e | 9376 | re-suspend the machine if the power button has been |
43c71255 LP |
9377 | accidentally pressed while the laptop was suspended and in a |
9378 | backpack or similar. | |
9379 | ||
9380 | * logind will now watch SW_DOCK switches and inhibit reaction | |
9381 | to the lid switch if it is pressed. This means that logind | |
d27893ef | 9382 | will not suspend the machine anymore if the lid is closed |
949138cc | 9383 | and the system is docked, if the laptop supports SW_DOCK |
43c71255 LP |
9384 | notifications via the input layer. Note that ACPI docking |
9385 | stations do not generate this currently. Also note that this | |
9386 | logic is usually not fully sufficient and Desktop | |
9387 | Environments should take a lid switch inhibitor lock when an | |
9388 | external display is connected, as systemd will not watch | |
9389 | this on its own. | |
9390 | ||
9391 | * nspawn will now make use of the devices cgroup controller by | |
9392 | default, and only permit creation of and access to the usual | |
9393 | API device nodes like /dev/null or /dev/random, as well as | |
9394 | access to (but not creation of) the pty devices. | |
9395 | ||
9396 | * We will now ship a default .network file for | |
9397 | systemd-networkd that automatically configures DHCP for | |
9398 | network interfaces created by nspawn's --network-veth or | |
9399 | --network-bridge= switches. | |
9400 | ||
9401 | * systemd will now understand the usual M, K, G, T suffixes | |
9402 | according to SI conventions (i.e. to the base 1000) when | |
9403 | referring to throughput and hardware metrics. It will stay | |
9404 | with IEC conventions (i.e. to the base 1024) for software | |
9405 | metrics, according to what is customary according to | |
9406 | Wikipedia. We explicitly document which base applies for | |
9407 | each configuration option. | |
9408 | ||
6b000af4 LP |
9409 | * The DeviceAllow= setting in unit files now supports a syntax to |
9410 | allow-list an entire group of devices node majors at once, based on | |
9411 | the /proc/devices listing. For example, with the string "char-pts", | |
9412 | it is now possible to allow-list all current and future pseudo-TTYs | |
9413 | at once. | |
43c71255 LP |
9414 | |
9415 | * sd-event learned a new "post" event source. Event sources of | |
9416 | this type are triggered by the dispatching of any event | |
9417 | source of a type that is not "post". This is useful for | |
9418 | implementing clean-up and check event sources that are | |
9419 | triggered by other work being done in the program. | |
9420 | ||
9421 | * systemd-networkd is no longer statically enabled, but uses | |
9422 | the usual [Install] sections so that it can be | |
9423 | enabled/disabled using systemctl. It still is enabled by | |
9424 | default however. | |
9425 | ||
b8bde116 | 9426 | * When creating a veth interface pair with systemd-nspawn, the |
43c71255 LP |
9427 | host side will now be prefixed with "vb-" if |
9428 | --network-bridge= is used, and with "ve-" if --network-veth | |
b8bde116 | 9429 | is used. This way, it is easy to distinguish these cases on |
43c71255 LP |
9430 | the host, for example to apply different configuration to |
9431 | them with systemd-networkd. | |
9432 | ||
d27893ef LP |
9433 | * The compatibility libraries for libsystemd-journal.so, |
9434 | libsystem-id128.so, libsystemd-login.so and | |
9435 | libsystemd-daemon.so do not make use of IFUNC | |
b8bde116 | 9436 | anymore. Instead, we now build libsystemd.so multiple times |
d27893ef LP |
9437 | under these alternative names. This means that the footprint |
9438 | is drastically increased, but given that these are | |
b8bde116 | 9439 | transitional compatibility libraries, this should not matter |
d27893ef LP |
9440 | much. This change has been made necessary to support the ARM |
9441 | platform for these compatibility libraries, as the ARM | |
d28315e4 | 9442 | toolchain is not really at the same level as the toolchain |
ed28905e | 9443 | for other architectures like x86 and does not support |
d27893ef LP |
9444 | IFUNC. Please make sure to use --enable-compat-libs only |
9445 | during a transitional period! | |
9446 | ||
f26ad321 ZJS |
9447 | * The .include syntax has been deprecated and is not documented |
9448 | anymore. Drop-in files in .d directories should be used instead. | |
9449 | ||
13b28d82 | 9450 | Contributions from: Andreas Fuchs, Armin K., Colin Walters, |
43c71255 LP |
9451 | Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Djalal Harouni, |
9452 | Holger Schurig, Jason A. Donenfeld, Jason St. John, Jasper | |
9453 | St. Pierre, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Łukasz Stelmach, | |
9454 | Marcel Holtmann, Michael Scherer, Michal Sekletar, Mike | |
9455 | Gilbert, Samuli Suominen, Thomas Bächler, Thomas Hindoe | |
9456 | Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, | |
9457 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
9458 | ||
ccddd104 | 9459 | — Berlin, 2014-02-24 |
43c71255 | 9460 | |
e49b5aad LP |
9461 | CHANGES WITH 209: |
9462 | ||
9463 | * A new component "systemd-networkd" has been added that can | |
9464 | be used to configure local network interfaces statically or | |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
9465 | via DHCP. It is capable of bringing up bridges, VLANs, and |
9466 | bonding. Currently, no hook-ups for interactive network | |
4670e9d5 | 9467 | configuration are provided. Use this for your initrd, |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
9468 | container, embedded, or server setup if you need a simple, |
9469 | yet powerful, network configuration solution. This | |
4670e9d5 | 9470 | configuration subsystem is quite nifty, as it allows wildcard |
1e190502 | 9471 | hotplug matching in interfaces. For example, with a single |
4670e9d5 | 9472 | configuration snippet, you can configure that all Ethernet |
1e190502 ZJS |
9473 | interfaces showing up are automatically added to a bridge, |
9474 | or similar. It supports link-sensing and more. | |
e49b5aad LP |
9475 | |
9476 | * A new tool "systemd-socket-proxyd" has been added which can | |
4c2413bf | 9477 | act as a bidirectional proxy for TCP sockets. This is |
e49b5aad LP |
9478 | useful for adding socket activation support to services that |
9479 | do not actually support socket activation, including virtual | |
4c2413bf | 9480 | machines and the like. |
e49b5aad LP |
9481 | |
9482 | * Add a new tool to save/restore rfkill state on | |
9483 | shutdown/boot. | |
9484 | ||
8b7d0494 JSJ |
9485 | * Save/restore state of keyboard backlights in addition to |
9486 | display backlights on shutdown/boot. | |
e49b5aad LP |
9487 | |
9488 | * udev learned a new SECLABEL{} construct to label device | |
9489 | nodes with a specific security label when they appear. For | |
4c2413bf | 9490 | now, only SECLABEL{selinux} is supported, but the syntax is |
e49b5aad LP |
9491 | prepared for additional security frameworks. |
9492 | ||
9493 | * udev gained a new scheme to configure link-level attributes | |
9494 | from files in /etc/systemd/network/*.link. These files can | |
8b7d0494 | 9495 | match against MAC address, device path, driver name and type, |
4c2413bf | 9496 | and will apply attributes like the naming policy, link speed, |
8b7d0494 | 9497 | MTU, duplex settings, Wake-on-LAN settings, MAC address, MAC |
1d3a473b | 9498 | address assignment policy (randomized, …). |
e49b5aad | 9499 | |
dfb08b05 ZJS |
9500 | * The configuration of network interface naming rules for |
9501 | "permanent interface names" has changed: a new NamePolicy= | |
9502 | setting in the [Link] section of .link files determines the | |
a8eaaee7 | 9503 | priority of possible naming schemes (onboard, slot, MAC, |
dfb08b05 ZJS |
9504 | path). The default value of this setting is determined by |
9505 | /usr/lib/net/links/99-default.link. Old | |
9506 | 80-net-name-slot.rules udev configuration file has been | |
9507 | removed, so local configuration overriding this file should | |
ce830873 | 9508 | be adapted to override 99-default.link instead. |
dfb08b05 | 9509 | |
e49b5aad | 9510 | * When the User= switch is used in a unit file, also |
4c2413bf | 9511 | initialize $SHELL= based on the user database entry. |
e49b5aad LP |
9512 | |
9513 | * systemd no longer depends on libdbus. All communication is | |
9514 | now done with sd-bus, systemd's low-level bus library | |
9515 | implementation. | |
9516 | ||
9517 | * kdbus support has been added to PID 1 itself. When kdbus is | |
4c2413bf | 9518 | enabled, this causes PID 1 to set up the system bus and |
e49b5aad LP |
9519 | enable support for a new ".busname" unit type that |
9520 | encapsulates bus name activation on kdbus. It works a little | |
9521 | bit like ".socket" units, except for bus names. A new | |
9522 | generator has been added that converts classic dbus1 service | |
9523 | activation files automatically into native systemd .busname | |
9524 | and .service units. | |
9525 | ||
9526 | * sd-bus: add a light-weight vtable implementation that allows | |
9527 | defining objects on the bus with a simple static const | |
9528 | vtable array of its methods, signals and properties. | |
9529 | ||
8b7d0494 | 9530 | * systemd will not generate or install static dbus |
e49b5aad | 9531 | introspection data anymore to /usr/share/dbus-1/interfaces, |
1e190502 | 9532 | as the precise format of these files is unclear, and |
e49b5aad LP |
9533 | nothing makes use of it. |
9534 | ||
9535 | * A proxy daemon is now provided to proxy clients connecting | |
9536 | via classic D-Bus AF_UNIX sockets to kdbus, to provide full | |
9537 | compatibility with classic D-Bus. | |
9538 | ||
9539 | * A bus driver implementation has been added that supports the | |
9540 | classic D-Bus bus driver calls on kdbus, also for | |
9541 | compatibility purposes. | |
9542 | ||
9543 | * A new API "sd-event.h" has been added that implements a | |
9544 | minimal event loop API built around epoll. It provides a | |
9545 | couple of features that direct epoll usage is lacking: | |
b9761003 | 9546 | prioritization of events, scales to large numbers of timer |
e49b5aad LP |
9547 | events, per-event timer slack (accuracy), system-wide |
9548 | coalescing of timer events, exit handlers, watchdog | |
9549 | supervision support using systemd's sd_notify() API, child | |
9550 | process handling. | |
9551 | ||
9552 | * A new API "sd-rntl.h" has been added that provides an API | |
9553 | around the route netlink interface of the kernel, similar in | |
9554 | style to "sd-bus.h". | |
9555 | ||
7e95eda5 PF |
9556 | * A new API "sd-dhcp-client.h" has been added that provides a |
9557 | small DHCPv4 client-side implementation. This is used by | |
e49b5aad LP |
9558 | "systemd-networkd". |
9559 | ||
4c2413bf | 9560 | * There is a new kernel command line option |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
9561 | "systemd.restore_state=0|1". When set to "0", none of the |
9562 | systemd tools will restore saved runtime state to hardware | |
9563 | devices. More specifically, the rfkill and backlight states | |
9564 | are not restored. | |
e49b5aad LP |
9565 | |
9566 | * The FsckPassNo= compatibility option in mount/service units | |
9567 | has been removed. The fstab generator will now add the | |
9568 | necessary dependencies automatically, and does not require | |
9569 | PID1's support for that anymore. | |
9570 | ||
8b7d0494 | 9571 | * journalctl gained a new switch, --list-boots, that lists |
e49b5aad LP |
9572 | recent boots with their times and boot IDs. |
9573 | ||
9574 | * The various tools like systemctl, loginctl, timedatectl, | |
1d3a473b | 9575 | busctl, systemd-run, … have gained a new switch "-M" to |
e49b5aad LP |
9576 | connect to a specific, local OS container (as direct |
9577 | connection, without requiring SSH). This works on any | |
9578 | container that is registered with machined, such as those | |
9579 | created by libvirt-lxc or nspawn. | |
9580 | ||
9581 | * systemd-run and systemd-analyze also gained support for "-H" | |
4c2413bf | 9582 | to connect to remote hosts via SSH. This is particularly |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
9583 | useful for systemd-run because it enables queuing of jobs |
9584 | onto remote systems. | |
e49b5aad LP |
9585 | |
9586 | * machinectl gained a new command "login" to open a getty | |
9587 | login in any local container. This works with any container | |
9588 | that is registered with machined (such as those created by | |
8e420494 | 9589 | libvirt-lxc or nspawn), and which runs systemd inside. |
e49b5aad LP |
9590 | |
9591 | * machinectl gained a new "reboot" command that may be used to | |
9592 | trigger a reboot on a specific container that is registered | |
9593 | with machined. This works on any container that runs an init | |
9594 | system of some kind. | |
9595 | ||
9596 | * systemctl gained a new "list-timers" command to print a nice | |
9597 | listing of installed timer units with the times they elapse | |
9598 | next. | |
9599 | ||
9600 | * Alternative reboot() parameters may now be specified on the | |
9601 | "systemctl reboot" command line and are passed to the | |
9602 | reboot() system call. | |
9603 | ||
9604 | * systemctl gained a new --job-mode= switch to configure the | |
9605 | mode to queue a job with. This is a more generic version of | |
8b7d0494 | 9606 | --fail, --irreversible, and --ignore-dependencies, which are |
e49b5aad LP |
9607 | still available but not advertised anymore. |
9608 | ||
e49b5aad LP |
9609 | * /etc/systemd/system.conf gained new settings to configure |
9610 | various default timeouts of units, as well as the default | |
b9761003 | 9611 | start limit interval and burst. These may still be overridden |
e49b5aad LP |
9612 | within each Unit. |
9613 | ||
270f1624 LP |
9614 | * PID1 will now export on the bus profile data of the security |
9615 | policy upload process (such as the SELinux policy upload to | |
8e420494 | 9616 | the kernel). |
e49b5aad | 9617 | |
4670e9d5 | 9618 | * journald: when forwarding logs to the console, include |
1e190502 ZJS |
9619 | timestamps (following the setting in |
9620 | /sys/module/printk/parameters/time). | |
e49b5aad LP |
9621 | |
9622 | * OnCalendar= in timer units now understands the special | |
9623 | strings "yearly" and "annually". (Both are equivalent) | |
9624 | ||
9625 | * The accuracy of timer units is now configurable with the new | |
9626 | AccuracySec= setting. It defaults to 1min. | |
9627 | ||
9628 | * A new dependency type JoinsNamespaceOf= has been added that | |
9629 | allows running two services within the same /tmp and network | |
9630 | namespace, if PrivateNetwork= or PrivateTmp= are used. | |
9631 | ||
9632 | * A new command "cat" has been added to systemctl. It outputs | |
9633 | the original unit file of a unit, and concatenates the | |
1e190502 ZJS |
9634 | contents of additional "drop-in" unit file snippets, so that |
9635 | the full configuration is shown. | |
e49b5aad LP |
9636 | |
9637 | * systemctl now supports globbing on the various "list-xyz" | |
9638 | commands, like "list-units" or "list-sockets", as well as on | |
1e190502 ZJS |
9639 | those commands which take multiple unit names. |
9640 | ||
9641 | * journalctl's --unit= switch gained support for globbing. | |
e49b5aad LP |
9642 | |
9643 | * All systemd daemons now make use of the watchdog logic so | |
9644 | that systemd automatically notices when they hang. | |
9645 | ||
4c2413bf | 9646 | * If the $container_ttys environment variable is set, |
e49b5aad LP |
9647 | getty-generator will automatically spawn a getty for each |
9648 | listed tty. This is useful for container managers to request | |
9649 | login gettys to be spawned on as many ttys as needed. | |
9650 | ||
9651 | * %h, %s, %U specifier support is not available anymore when | |
9652 | used in unit files for PID 1. This is because NSS calls are | |
9653 | not safe from PID 1. They stay available for --user | |
9654 | instances of systemd, and as special case for the root user. | |
9655 | ||
e49b5aad LP |
9656 | * loginctl gained a new "--no-legend" switch to turn off output |
9657 | of the legend text. | |
9658 | ||
9659 | * The "sd-login.h" API gained three new calls: | |
9660 | sd_session_is_remote(), sd_session_get_remote_user(), | |
9661 | sd_session_get_remote_host() to query information about | |
9662 | remote sessions. | |
9663 | ||
8e420494 LP |
9664 | * The udev hardware database now also carries vendor/product |
9665 | information of SDIO devices. | |
e49b5aad LP |
9666 | |
9667 | * The "sd-daemon.h" API gained a new sd_watchdog_enabled() to | |
9668 | determine whether watchdog notifications are requested by | |
9669 | the system manager. | |
9670 | ||
1e190502 | 9671 | * Socket-activated per-connection services now include a |
e49b5aad LP |
9672 | short description of the connection parameters in the |
9673 | description. | |
9674 | ||
4c2413bf | 9675 | * tmpfiles gained a new "--boot" option. When this is not used, |
e49b5aad | 9676 | only lines where the command character is not suffixed with |
4670e9d5 | 9677 | "!" are executed. When this option is specified, those |
1e190502 ZJS |
9678 | options are executed too. This partitions tmpfiles |
9679 | directives into those that can be safely executed at any | |
9680 | time, and those which should be run only at boot (for | |
9681 | example, a line that creates /run/nologin). | |
e49b5aad | 9682 | |
c0c5af00 | 9683 | * A new API "sd-resolve.h" has been added which provides a simple |
38b38500 | 9684 | asynchronous wrapper around glibc NSS hostname resolution |
e49b5aad | 9685 | calls, such as getaddrinfo(). In contrast to glibc's |
4c2413bf JE |
9686 | getaddrinfo_a(), it does not use signals. In contrast to most |
9687 | other asynchronous name resolution libraries, this one does | |
9688 | not reimplement DNS, but reuses NSS, so that alternate | |
38b38500 | 9689 | hostname resolution systems continue to work, such as mDNS, |
8b7d0494 | 9690 | LDAP, etc. This API is based on libasyncns, but it has been |
e49b5aad LP |
9691 | cleaned up for inclusion in systemd. |
9692 | ||
6300b3ec LP |
9693 | * The APIs "sd-journal.h", "sd-login.h", "sd-id128.h", |
9694 | "sd-daemon.h" are no longer found in individual libraries | |
9695 | libsystemd-journal.so, libsystemd-login.so, | |
9696 | libsystemd-id128.so, libsystemd-daemon.so. Instead, we have | |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
9697 | merged them into a single library, libsystemd.so, which |
9698 | provides all symbols. The reason for this is cyclic | |
e49b5aad | 9699 | dependencies, as these libraries tend to use each other's |
d28315e4 | 9700 | symbols. So far, we have managed to workaround that by linking |
6300b3ec LP |
9701 | a copy of a good part of our code into each of these |
9702 | libraries again and again, which, however, makes certain | |
9703 | things hard to do, like sharing static variables. Also, it | |
9704 | substantially increases footprint. With this change, there | |
9705 | is only one library for the basic APIs systemd | |
9706 | provides. Also, "sd-bus.h", "sd-memfd.h", "sd-event.h", | |
9707 | "sd-rtnl.h", "sd-resolve.h", "sd-utf8.h" are found in this | |
9708 | library as well, however are subject to the --enable-kdbus | |
9709 | switch (see below). Note that "sd-dhcp-client.h" is not part | |
9710 | of this library (this is because it only consumes, never | |
9711 | provides, services of/to other APIs). To make the transition | |
8b7d0494 | 9712 | easy from the separate libraries to the unified one, we |
4c2413bf | 9713 | provide the --enable-compat-libs compile-time switch which |
e49b5aad LP |
9714 | will generate stub libraries that are compatible with the |
9715 | old ones but redirect all calls to the new one. | |
9716 | ||
8b7d0494 | 9717 | * All of the kdbus logic and the new APIs "sd-bus.h", |
e49b5aad | 9718 | "sd-memfd.h", "sd-event.h", "sd-rtnl.h", "sd-resolve.h", |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
9719 | and "sd-utf8.h" are compile-time optional via the |
9720 | "--enable-kdbus" switch, and they are not compiled in by | |
9721 | default. To make use of kdbus, you have to explicitly enable | |
4c2413bf | 9722 | the switch. Note however, that neither the kernel nor the |
e49b5aad LP |
9723 | userspace API for all of this is considered stable yet. We |
9724 | want to maintain the freedom to still change the APIs for | |
4c2413bf | 9725 | now. By specifying this build-time switch, you acknowledge |
e49b5aad | 9726 | that you are aware of the instability of the current |
ad42cf73 KS |
9727 | APIs. |
9728 | ||
9729 | * Also, note that while kdbus is pretty much complete, | |
e49b5aad | 9730 | it lacks one thing: proper policy support. This means you |
8b7d0494 | 9731 | can build a fully working system with all features; however, |
4c2413bf JE |
9732 | it will be highly insecure. Policy support will be added in |
9733 | one of the next releases, at the same time that we will | |
9734 | declare the APIs stable. | |
e49b5aad | 9735 | |
81c7dd89 | 9736 | * When the kernel command line argument "kdbus" is specified, |
ad42cf73 | 9737 | systemd will automatically load the kdbus.ko kernel module. At |
8b7d0494 | 9738 | this stage of development, it is only useful for testing kdbus |
ad42cf73 | 9739 | and should not be used in production. Note: if "--enable-kdbus" |
8b7d0494 | 9740 | is specified, and the kdbus.ko kernel module is available, and |
ad42cf73 KS |
9741 | "kdbus" is added to the kernel command line, the entire system |
9742 | runs with kdbus instead of dbus-daemon, with the above mentioned | |
9743 | problem of missing the system policy enforcement. Also a future | |
9744 | version of kdbus.ko or a newer systemd will not be compatible with | |
9745 | each other, and will unlikely be able to boot the machine if only | |
9746 | one of them is updated. | |
9747 | ||
e49b5aad | 9748 | * systemctl gained a new "import-environment" command which |
4c2413bf | 9749 | uploads the caller's environment (or parts thereof) into the |
e49b5aad LP |
9750 | service manager so that it is inherited by services started |
9751 | by the manager. This is useful to upload variables like | |
9752 | $DISPLAY into the user service manager. | |
9753 | ||
9754 | * A new PrivateDevices= switch has been added to service units | |
9755 | which allows running a service with a namespaced /dev | |
9756 | directory that does not contain any device nodes for | |
4c2413bf | 9757 | physical devices. More specifically, it only includes devices |
8b7d0494 | 9758 | such as /dev/null, /dev/urandom, and /dev/zero which are API |
e49b5aad LP |
9759 | entry points. |
9760 | ||
9761 | * logind has been extended to support behaviour like VT | |
9762 | switching on seats that do not support a VT. This makes | |
9763 | multi-session available on seats that are not the first seat | |
9764 | (seat0), and on systems where kernel support for VTs has | |
8b7d0494 | 9765 | been disabled at compile-time. |
e49b5aad LP |
9766 | |
9767 | * If a process holds a delay lock for system sleep or shutdown | |
1e190502 | 9768 | and fails to release it in time, we will now log its |
e49b5aad LP |
9769 | identity. This makes it easier to identify processes that |
9770 | cause slow suspends or power-offs. | |
9771 | ||
1e190502 ZJS |
9772 | * When parsing /etc/crypttab, support for a new key-slot= |
9773 | option as supported by Debian is added. It allows indicating | |
9774 | which LUKS slot to use on disk, speeding up key loading. | |
e49b5aad | 9775 | |
000b1ba5 | 9776 | * The sd_journal_sendv() API call has been checked and |
1e190502 ZJS |
9777 | officially declared to be async-signal-safe so that it may |
9778 | be invoked from signal handlers for logging purposes. | |
e49b5aad LP |
9779 | |
9780 | * Boot-time status output is now enabled automatically after a | |
9781 | short timeout if boot does not progress, in order to give | |
8e420494 | 9782 | the user an indication what she or he is waiting for. |
1e190502 ZJS |
9783 | |
9784 | * The boot-time output has been improved to show how much time | |
9785 | remains until jobs expire. | |
e49b5aad LP |
9786 | |
9787 | * The KillMode= switch in service units gained a new possible | |
8b7d0494 | 9788 | value "mixed". If set, and the unit is shut down, then the |
e49b5aad | 9789 | initial SIGTERM signal is sent only to the main daemon |
8e420494 | 9790 | process, while the following SIGKILL signal is sent to |
e49b5aad LP |
9791 | all remaining processes of the service. |
9792 | ||
4c2413bf JE |
9793 | * When a scope unit is registered, a new property "Controller" |
9794 | may be set. If set to a valid bus name, systemd will send a | |
e49b5aad LP |
9795 | RequestStop() signal to this name when it would like to shut |
9796 | down the scope. This may be used to hook manager logic into | |
9797 | the shutdown logic of scope units. Also, scope units may now | |
8b7d0494 | 9798 | be put in a special "abandoned" state, in which case the |
e49b5aad LP |
9799 | manager process which created them takes no further |
9800 | responsibilities for it. | |
9801 | ||
1e190502 | 9802 | * When reading unit files, systemd will now verify |
e49b5aad LP |
9803 | the access mode of these files, and warn about certain |
9804 | suspicious combinations. This has been added to make it | |
9805 | easier to track down packaging bugs where unit files are | |
9806 | marked executable or world-writable. | |
9807 | ||
9808 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new "--setenv=" switch to set | |
8b7d0494 | 9809 | container-wide environment variables. The similar option in |
1e190502 ZJS |
9810 | systemd-activate was renamed from "--environment=" to |
9811 | "--setenv=" for consistency. | |
e49b5aad LP |
9812 | |
9813 | * systemd-nspawn has been updated to create a new kdbus domain | |
9814 | for each container that is invoked, thus allowing each | |
b9761003 | 9815 | container to have its own set of system and user buses, |
8b7d0494 | 9816 | independent of the host. |
e49b5aad LP |
9817 | |
9818 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --drop-capability= switch to run | |
9819 | the container with less capabilities than the default. Both | |
b9761003 | 9820 | --drop-capability= and --capability= now take the special |
e49b5aad LP |
9821 | string "all" for dropping or keeping all capabilities. |
9822 | ||
9823 | * systemd-nspawn gained new switches for executing containers | |
9824 | with specific SELinux labels set. | |
9825 | ||
9826 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --quiet switch to not generate | |
9827 | any additional output but the container's own console | |
9828 | output. | |
9829 | ||
9830 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --share-system switch to run a | |
9831 | container without PID namespacing enabled. | |
9832 | ||
9833 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --register= switch to control | |
1e190502 | 9834 | whether the container is registered with systemd-machined or |
8e420494 | 9835 | not. This is useful for containers that do not run full |
e49b5aad LP |
9836 | OS images, but only specific apps. |
9837 | ||
9838 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --keep-unit which may be used | |
8b7d0494 | 9839 | when invoked as the only program from a service unit, and |
e49b5aad | 9840 | results in registration of the unit service itself in |
1e190502 | 9841 | systemd-machined, instead of a newly opened scope unit. |
e49b5aad LP |
9842 | |
9843 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --network-interface= switch for | |
9844 | moving arbitrary interfaces to the container. The new | |
4c2413bf | 9845 | --network-veth switch creates a virtual Ethernet connection |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
9846 | between host and container. The new --network-bridge= |
9847 | switch then allows assigning the host side of this virtual | |
9848 | Ethernet connection to a bridge device. | |
e49b5aad | 9849 | |
6afc95b7 LP |
9850 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --personality= switch for |
9851 | setting the kernel personality for the container. This is | |
70a44afe | 9852 | useful when running a 32-bit container on a 64-bit host. A |
b8bde116 JE |
9853 | similar option Personality= is now also available for service |
9854 | units to use. | |
6afc95b7 | 9855 | |
e49b5aad LP |
9856 | * logind will now also track a "Desktop" identifier for each |
9857 | session which encodes the desktop environment of it. This is | |
9858 | useful for desktop environments that want to identify | |
9859 | multiple running sessions of itself easily. | |
9860 | ||
9861 | * A new SELinuxContext= setting for service units has been | |
9862 | added that allows setting a specific SELinux execution | |
9863 | context for a service. | |
9864 | ||
9865 | * Most systemd client tools will now honour $SYSTEMD_LESS for | |
9866 | settings of the "less" pager. By default, these tools will | |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
9867 | override $LESS to allow certain operations to work, such as |
9868 | jump-to-the-end. With $SYSTEMD_LESS, it is possible to | |
e49b5aad LP |
9869 | influence this logic. |
9870 | ||
9871 | * systemd's "seccomp" hook-up has been changed to make use of | |
9872 | the libseccomp library instead of using its own | |
9873 | implementation. This has benefits for portability among | |
9874 | other things. | |
9875 | ||
4c2413bf | 9876 | * For usage together with SystemCallFilter=, a new |
8b7d0494 | 9877 | SystemCallErrorNumber= setting has been introduced that |
b8bde116 JE |
9878 | allows configuration of a system error number to be returned |
9879 | on filtered system calls, instead of immediately killing the | |
e49b5aad LP |
9880 | process. Also, SystemCallArchitectures= has been added to |
9881 | limit access to system calls of a particular architecture | |
9882 | (in order to turn off support for unused secondary | |
4c2413bf | 9883 | architectures). There is also a global |
8b7d0494 | 9884 | SystemCallArchitectures= setting in system.conf now to turn |
e49b5aad LP |
9885 | off support for non-native system calls system-wide. |
9886 | ||
210054d7 KS |
9887 | * systemd requires a kernel with a working name_to_handle_at(), |
9888 | please see the kernel config requirements in the README file. | |
9889 | ||
e49b5aad LP |
9890 | Contributions from: Adam Williamson, Alex Jia, Anatol Pomozov, |
9891 | Ansgar Burchardt, AppleBloom, Auke Kok, Bastien Nocera, | |
9892 | Chengwei Yang, Christian Seiler, Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters, | |
9893 | Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Daniele Medri, Daniel J | |
9894 | Walsh, Daniel Mack, Dan McGee, Dave Reisner, David Coppa, | |
9895 | David Herrmann, David Strauss, Djalal Harouni, Dmitry Pisklov, | |
9896 | Elia Pinto, Florian Weimer, George McCollister, Goffredo | |
9897 | Baroncelli, Greg Kroah-Hartman, Hendrik Brueckner, Igor | |
9898 | Zhbanov, Jan Engelhardt, Jan Janssen, Jason A. Donenfeld, | |
9899 | Jason St. John, Jasper St. Pierre, Jóhann B. Guðmundsson, Jose | |
9900 | Ignacio Naranjo, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, Kristian Høgsberg, | |
9901 | Lennart Poettering, Lubomir Rintel, Lukas Nykryn, Lukasz | |
9902 | Skalski, Łukasz Stelmach, Luke Shumaker, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
9903 | Marc-Antoine Perennou, Marcel Holtmann, Marcos Felipe Rasia de | |
9904 | Mello, Marko Myllynen, Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Michael | |
9905 | Marineau, Michael Scherer, Michał Górny, Michal Sekletar, | |
9906 | Michele Curti, Oleksii Shevchuk, Olivier Brunel, Patrik Flykt, | |
9907 | Pavel Holica, Raudi, Richard Marko, Ronny Chevalier, Sébastien | |
9908 | Luttringer, Sergey Ptashnick, Shawn Landden, Simon Peeters, | |
9909 | Stefan Beller, Susant Sahani, Sylvain Plantefeve, Sylvia Else, | |
9910 | Tero Roponen, Thomas Bächler, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, | |
9911 | Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Unai Uribarri, Václav | |
9912 | Pavlín, Vincent Batts, WaLyong Cho, William Giokas, Yang | |
9913 | Zhiyong, Yin Kangkai, Yuxuan Shui, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
9914 | ||
ccddd104 | 9915 | — Berlin, 2014-02-20 |
e49b5aad | 9916 | |
cd4010b3 LP |
9917 | CHANGES WITH 208: |
9918 | ||
9919 | * logind has gained support for facilitating privileged input | |
9920 | and drm device access for unprivileged clients. This work is | |
9921 | useful to allow Wayland display servers (and similar | |
9922 | programs, such as kmscon) to run under the user's ID and | |
9923 | access input and drm devices which are normally | |
9924 | protected. When this is used (and the kernel is new enough) | |
9925 | logind will "mute" IO on the file descriptors passed to | |
9926 | Wayland as long as it is in the background and "unmute" it | |
9927 | if it returns into the foreground. This allows secure | |
9928 | session switching without allowing background sessions to | |
9929 | eavesdrop on input and display data. This also introduces | |
9930 | session switching support if VT support is turned off in the | |
9931 | kernel, and on seats that are not seat0. | |
9932 | ||
9933 | * A new kernel command line option luks.options= is understood | |
06b643e7 | 9934 | now which allows specifying LUKS options for usage for LUKS |
cd4010b3 LP |
9935 | encrypted partitions specified with luks.uuid=. |
9936 | ||
9937 | * tmpfiles.d(5) snippets may now use specifier expansion in | |
9938 | path names. More specifically %m, %b, %H, %v, are now | |
9939 | replaced by the local machine id, boot id, hostname, and | |
9940 | kernel version number. | |
9941 | ||
9942 | * A new tmpfiles.d(5) command "m" has been introduced which | |
9943 | may be used to change the owner/group/access mode of a file | |
d28315e4 | 9944 | or directory if it exists, but do nothing if it does not. |
cd4010b3 LP |
9945 | |
9946 | * This release removes high-level support for the | |
9947 | MemorySoftLimit= cgroup setting. The underlying kernel | |
9948 | cgroup attribute memory.soft_limit= is currently badly | |
9949 | designed and likely to be removed from the kernel API in its | |
d28315e4 | 9950 | current form, hence we should not expose it for now. |
cd4010b3 LP |
9951 | |
9952 | * The memory.use_hierarchy cgroup attribute is now enabled for | |
9953 | all cgroups systemd creates in the memory cgroup | |
9954 | hierarchy. This option is likely to be come the built-in | |
cc98b302 TH |
9955 | default in the kernel anyway, and the non-hierarchical mode |
9956 | never made much sense in the intrinsically hierarchical | |
cd4010b3 LP |
9957 | cgroup system. |
9958 | ||
9959 | * A new field _SYSTEMD_SLICE= is logged along with all journal | |
9960 | messages containing the slice a message was generated | |
9961 | from. This is useful to allow easy per-customer filtering of | |
9962 | logs among other things. | |
9963 | ||
9964 | * systemd-journald will no longer adjust the group of journal | |
9965 | files it creates to the "systemd-journal" group. Instead we | |
9966 | rely on the journal directory to be owned by the | |
9967 | "systemd-journal" group, and its setgid bit set, so that the | |
9968 | kernel file system layer will automatically enforce that | |
9969 | journal files inherit this group assignment. The reason for | |
9970 | this change is that we cannot allow NSS look-ups from | |
9971 | journald which would be necessary to resolve | |
9972 | "systemd-journal" to a numeric GID, because this might | |
9973 | create deadlocks if NSS involves synchronous queries to | |
9974 | other daemons (such as nscd, or sssd) which in turn are | |
9975 | logging clients of journald and might block on it, which | |
9976 | would then dead lock. A tmpfiles.d(5) snippet included in | |
9977 | systemd will make sure the setgid bit and group are | |
9978 | properly set on the journal directory if it exists on every | |
9979 | boot. However, we recommend adjusting it manually after | |
9980 | upgrades too (or from RPM scriptlets), so that the change is | |
9981 | not delayed until next reboot. | |
9982 | ||
9983 | * Backlight and random seed files in /var/lib/ have moved into | |
9984 | the /var/lib/systemd/ directory, in order to centralize all | |
9985 | systemd generated files in one directory. | |
9986 | ||
9987 | * Boot time performance measurements (as displayed by | |
9988 | "systemd-analyze" for example) will now read ACPI 5.0 FPDT | |
9989 | performance information if that's available to determine how | |
9990 | much time BIOS and boot loader initialization required. With | |
9991 | a sufficiently new BIOS you hence no longer need to boot | |
9992 | with Gummiboot to get access to such information. | |
9993 | ||
9994 | Contributions from: Andrey Borzenkov, Chen Jie, Colin Walters, | |
9995 | Cristian Rodríguez, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, David | |
9996 | Mackey, David Strauss, Eelco Dolstra, Evan Callicoat, Gao | |
9997 | feng, Harald Hoyer, Jimmie Tauriainen, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
9998 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Martin Pitt, | |
9999 | Michael Scherer, Michał Górny, Mike Gilbert, Patrick McCarty, | |
10000 | Sebastian Ott, Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
10001 | ||
ccddd104 | 10002 | — Berlin, 2013-10-02 |
cd4010b3 | 10003 | |
4f0be680 LP |
10004 | CHANGES WITH 207: |
10005 | ||
10006 | * The Restart= option for services now understands a new | |
f3a165b0 | 10007 | on-watchdog setting, which will restart the service |
4f0be680 LP |
10008 | automatically if the service stops sending out watchdog keep |
10009 | alive messages (as configured with WatchdogSec=). | |
10010 | ||
10011 | * The getty generator (which is responsible for bringing up a | |
10012 | getty on configured serial consoles) will no longer only | |
10013 | start a getty on the primary kernel console but on all | |
10014 | others, too. This makes the order in which console= is | |
10015 | specified on the kernel command line less important. | |
10016 | ||
10017 | * libsystemd-logind gained a new sd_session_get_vt() call to | |
10018 | retrieve the VT number of a session. | |
10019 | ||
10020 | * If the option "tries=0" is set for an entry of /etc/crypttab | |
10021 | its passphrase is queried indefinitely instead of any | |
10022 | maximum number of tries. | |
10023 | ||
10024 | * If a service with a configure PID file terminates its PID | |
10025 | file will now be removed automatically if it still exists | |
10026 | afterwards. This should put an end to stale PID files. | |
10027 | ||
10028 | * systemd-run will now also take relative binary path names | |
10029 | for execution and no longer insists on absolute paths. | |
10030 | ||
10031 | * InaccessibleDirectories= and ReadOnlyDirectories= now take | |
10032 | paths that are optionally prefixed with "-" to indicate that | |
d28315e4 | 10033 | it should not be considered a failure if they do not exist. |
4f0be680 | 10034 | |
f3a165b0 KS |
10035 | * journalctl -o (and similar commands) now understands a new |
10036 | output mode "short-precise", it is similar to "short" but | |
4f0be680 LP |
10037 | shows timestamps with usec accuracy. |
10038 | ||
10039 | * The option "discard" (as known from Debian) is now | |
10040 | synonymous to "allow-discards" in /etc/crypttab. In fact, | |
387abf80 | 10041 | "discard" is preferred now (since it is easier to remember |
4f0be680 LP |
10042 | and type). |
10043 | ||
f3a165b0 | 10044 | * Some licensing clean-ups were made, so that more code is now |
4f0be680 LP |
10045 | LGPL-2.1 licensed than before. |
10046 | ||
10047 | * A minimal tool to save/restore the display backlight | |
10048 | brightness across reboots has been added. It will store the | |
f3a165b0 | 10049 | backlight setting as late as possible at shutdown, and |
4f0be680 LP |
10050 | restore it as early as possible during reboot. |
10051 | ||
10052 | * A logic to automatically discover and enable home and swap | |
10053 | partitions on GPT disks has been added. With this in place | |
10054 | /etc/fstab becomes optional for many setups as systemd can | |
10055 | discover certain partitions located on the root disk | |
10056 | automatically. Home partitions are recognized under their | |
10057 | GPT type ID 933ac7e12eb44f13b8440e14e2aef915. Swap | |
10058 | partitions are recognized under their GPT type ID | |
10059 | 0657fd6da4ab43c484e50933c84b4f4f. | |
10060 | ||
10061 | * systemd will no longer pass any environment from the kernel | |
10062 | or initrd to system services. If you want to set an | |
10063 | environment for all services, do so via the kernel command | |
10064 | line systemd.setenv= assignment. | |
10065 | ||
387abf80 LP |
10066 | * The systemd-sysctl tool no longer natively reads the file |
10067 | /etc/sysctl.conf. If desired, the file should be symlinked | |
10068 | from /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf. Apart from providing | |
10069 | legacy support by a symlink rather than built-in code, it | |
10070 | also makes the otherwise hidden order of application of the | |
10071 | different files visible. (Note that this partly reverts to a | |
10072 | pre-198 application order of sysctl knobs!) | |
04bf3c1a | 10073 | |
4f0be680 LP |
10074 | * The "systemctl set-log-level" and "systemctl dump" commands |
10075 | have been moved to systemd-analyze. | |
10076 | ||
10077 | * systemd-run learned the new --remain-after-exit switch, | |
10078 | which causes the scope unit not to be cleaned up | |
10079 | automatically after the process terminated. | |
10080 | ||
10081 | * tmpfiles learned a new --exclude-prefix= switch to exclude | |
10082 | certain paths from operation. | |
10083 | ||
10084 | * journald will now automatically flush all messages to disk | |
f47ad593 ZJS |
10085 | as soon as a message at the log level CRIT, ALERT or EMERG |
10086 | is received. | |
4f0be680 LP |
10087 | |
10088 | Contributions from: Andrew Cook, Brandon Philips, Christian | |
10089 | Hesse, Christoph Junghans, Colin Walters, Daniel Schaal, | |
10090 | Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Gao feng, George | |
10091 | McCollister, Giovanni Campagna, Hannes Reinecke, Harald Hoyer, | |
10092 | Herczeg Zsolt, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Jan Engelhardt, | |
10093 | Jesper Larsen, Kay Sievers, Khem Raj, Lennart Poettering, | |
10094 | Lukas Nykryn, Maciej Wereski, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel | |
10095 | Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Marineau, | |
10096 | Michael Scherer, Michael Stapelberg, Michal Sekletar, Michał | |
10097 | Górny, Olivier Brunel, Ondrej Balaz, Ronny Chevalier, Shawn | |
10098 | Landden, Steven Hiscocks, Thomas Bächler, Thomas Hindoe | |
10099 | Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, WANG Chao, | |
10100 | William Giokas, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
10101 | ||
ccddd104 | 10102 | — Berlin, 2013-09-13 |
4f0be680 | 10103 | |
408f281b LP |
10104 | CHANGES WITH 206: |
10105 | ||
10106 | * The documentation has been updated to cover the various new | |
10107 | concepts introduced with 205. | |
10108 | ||
10109 | * Unit files now understand the new %v specifier which | |
10110 | resolves to the kernel version string as returned by "uname | |
10111 | -r". | |
10112 | ||
10113 | * systemctl now supports filtering the unit list output by | |
10114 | load state, active state and sub state, using the new | |
33b521be | 10115 | --state= parameter. |
408f281b LP |
10116 | |
10117 | * "systemctl status" will now show the results of the | |
10118 | condition checks (like ConditionPathExists= and similar) of | |
10119 | the last start attempts of the unit. They are also logged to | |
10120 | the journal. | |
10121 | ||
10122 | * "journalctl -b" may now be used to look for boot output of a | |
10123 | specific boot. Try "journalctl -b -1" for the previous boot, | |
10124 | but the syntax is substantially more powerful. | |
10125 | ||
10126 | * "journalctl --show-cursor" has been added which prints the | |
10127 | cursor string the last shown log line. This may then be used | |
10128 | with the new "journalctl --after-cursor=" switch to continue | |
10129 | browsing logs from that point on. | |
10130 | ||
10131 | * "journalctl --force" may now be used to force regeneration | |
10132 | of an FSS key. | |
10133 | ||
251cc819 LP |
10134 | * Creation of "dead" device nodes has been moved from udev |
10135 | into kmod and tmpfiles. Previously, udev would read the kmod | |
10136 | databases to pre-generate dead device nodes based on meta | |
10137 | information contained in kernel modules, so that these would | |
10138 | be auto-loaded on access rather then at boot. As this | |
d28315e4 | 10139 | does not really have much to do with the exposing actual |
251cc819 LP |
10140 | kernel devices to userspace this has always been slightly |
10141 | alien in the udev codebase. Following the new scheme kmod | |
10142 | will now generate a runtime snippet for tmpfiles from the | |
10143 | module meta information and it now is tmpfiles' job to the | |
10144 | create the nodes. This also allows overriding access and | |
10145 | other parameters for the nodes using the usual tmpfiles | |
10146 | facilities. As side effect this allows us to remove the | |
10147 | CAP_SYS_MKNOD capability bit from udevd entirely. | |
10148 | ||
10149 | * logind's device ACLs may now be applied to these "dead" | |
10150 | devices nodes too, thus finally allowing managed access to | |
ce830873 | 10151 | devices such as /dev/snd/sequencer without loading the |
251cc819 | 10152 | backing module right-away. |
408f281b LP |
10153 | |
10154 | * A new RPM macro has been added that may be used to apply | |
10155 | tmpfiles configuration during package installation. | |
10156 | ||
10157 | * systemd-detect-virt and ConditionVirtualization= now can | |
10158 | detect User-Mode-Linux machines (UML). | |
10159 | ||
251cc819 LP |
10160 | * journald will now implicitly log the effective capabilities |
10161 | set of processes in the message metadata. | |
408f281b LP |
10162 | |
10163 | * systemd-cryptsetup has gained support for TrueCrypt volumes. | |
10164 | ||
10165 | * The initrd interface has been simplified (more specifically, | |
10166 | support for passing performance data via environment | |
10167 | variables and fsck results via files in /run has been | |
10168 | removed). These features were non-essential, and are | |
10169 | nowadays available in a much nicer way by having systemd in | |
10170 | the initrd serialize its state and have the hosts systemd | |
10171 | deserialize it again. | |
10172 | ||
28f5c779 KS |
10173 | * The udev "keymap" data files and tools to apply keyboard |
10174 | specific mappings of scan to key codes, and force-release | |
10175 | scan code lists have been entirely replaced by a udev | |
10176 | "keyboard" builtin and a hwdb data file. | |
408f281b | 10177 | |
251cc819 LP |
10178 | * systemd will now honour the kernel's "quiet" command line |
10179 | argument also during late shutdown, resulting in a | |
10180 | completely silent shutdown when used. | |
10181 | ||
10182 | * There's now an option to control the SO_REUSEPORT socket | |
10183 | option in .socket units. | |
10184 | ||
10185 | * Instance units will now automatically get a per-template | |
10186 | subslice of system.slice unless something else is explicitly | |
10187 | configured. For example, instances of sshd@.service will now | |
10188 | implicitly be placed in system-sshd.slice rather than | |
10189 | system.slice as before. | |
10190 | ||
10191 | * Test coverage support may now be enabled at build time. | |
10192 | ||
10193 | Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Frederic Crozat, Harald | |
10194 | Hoyer, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Jan Engelhardt, Jan | |
10195 | Janssen, Jason St. John, Jesper Larsen, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
10196 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Maciej Wereski, Martin Pitt, Michael | |
10197 | Olbrich, Ramkumar Ramachandra, Ross Lagerwall, Shawn Landden, | |
10198 | Thomas H.P. Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Tomasz Torcz, William | |
10199 | Giokas, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
10200 | ||
ccddd104 | 10201 | — Berlin, 2013-07-23 |
4f0be680 | 10202 | |
00aa832b LP |
10203 | CHANGES WITH 205: |
10204 | ||
10205 | * Two new unit types have been introduced: | |
10206 | ||
10207 | Scope units are very similar to service units, however, are | |
ccddd104 | 10208 | created out of pre-existing processes — instead of PID 1 |
00aa832b LP |
10209 | forking off the processes. By using scope units it is |
10210 | possible for system services and applications to group their | |
10211 | own child processes (worker processes) in a powerful way | |
10212 | which then maybe used to organize them, or kill them | |
10213 | together, or apply resource limits on them. | |
10214 | ||
10215 | Slice units may be used to partition system resources in an | |
cc98b302 | 10216 | hierarchical fashion and then assign other units to them. By |
00aa832b LP |
10217 | default there are now three slices: system.slice (for all |
10218 | system services), user.slice (for all user sessions), | |
10219 | machine.slice (for VMs and containers). | |
10220 | ||
10221 | Slices and scopes have been introduced primarily in | |
10222 | context of the work to move cgroup handling to a | |
10223 | single-writer scheme, where only PID 1 | |
10224 | creates/removes/manages cgroups. | |
10225 | ||
10226 | * There's a new concept of "transient" units. In contrast to | |
10227 | normal units these units are created via an API at runtime, | |
10228 | not from configuration from disk. More specifically this | |
10229 | means it is now possible to run arbitrary programs as | |
10230 | independent services, with all execution parameters passed | |
10231 | in via bus APIs rather than read from disk. Transient units | |
10232 | make systemd substantially more dynamic then it ever was, | |
10233 | and useful as a general batch manager. | |
10234 | ||
10235 | * logind has been updated to make use of scope and slice units | |
10236 | for managing user sessions. As a user logs in he will get | |
10237 | his own private slice unit, to which all sessions are added | |
10238 | as scope units. We also added support for automatically | |
10239 | adding an instance of user@.service for the user into the | |
10240 | slice. Effectively logind will no longer create cgroup | |
10241 | hierarchies on its own now, it will defer entirely to PID 1 | |
10242 | for this by means of scope, service and slice units. Since | |
10243 | user sessions this way become entities managed by PID 1 | |
10244 | the output of "systemctl" is now a lot more comprehensive. | |
10245 | ||
10246 | * A new mini-daemon "systemd-machined" has been added which | |
10247 | may be used by virtualization managers to register local | |
10248 | VMs/containers. nspawn has been updated accordingly, and | |
10249 | libvirt will be updated shortly. machined will collect a bit | |
10250 | of meta information about the VMs/containers, and assign | |
10251 | them their own scope unit (see above). The collected | |
10252 | meta-data is then made available via the "machinectl" tool, | |
10253 | and exposed in "ps" and similar tools. machined/machinectl | |
10254 | is compile-time optional. | |
10255 | ||
10256 | * As discussed earlier, the low-level cgroup configuration | |
10257 | options ControlGroup=, ControlGroupModify=, | |
10258 | ControlGroupPersistent=, ControlGroupAttribute= have been | |
10259 | removed. Please use high-level attribute settings instead as | |
10260 | well as slice units. | |
10261 | ||
10262 | * A new bus call SetUnitProperties() has been added to alter | |
10263 | various runtime parameters of a unit. This is primarily | |
10264 | useful to alter cgroup parameters dynamically in a nice way, | |
10265 | but will be extended later on to make more properties | |
10266 | modifiable at runtime. systemctl gained a new set-properties | |
10267 | command that wraps this call. | |
10268 | ||
10269 | * A new tool "systemd-run" has been added which can be used to | |
10270 | run arbitrary command lines as transient services or scopes, | |
10271 | while configuring a number of settings via the command | |
10272 | line. This tool is currently very basic, however already | |
10273 | very useful. We plan to extend this tool to even allow | |
10274 | queuing of execution jobs with time triggers from the | |
10275 | command line, similar in fashion to "at". | |
10276 | ||
10277 | * nspawn will now inform the user explicitly that kernels with | |
10278 | audit enabled break containers, and suggest the user to turn | |
10279 | off audit. | |
10280 | ||
10281 | * Support for detecting the IMA and AppArmor security | |
10282 | frameworks with ConditionSecurity= has been added. | |
10283 | ||
10284 | * journalctl gained a new "-k" switch for showing only kernel | |
1fda0ab5 ZJS |
10285 | messages, mimicking dmesg output; in addition to "--user" |
10286 | and "--system" switches for showing only user's own logs | |
10287 | and system logs. | |
00aa832b LP |
10288 | |
10289 | * systemd-delta can now show information about drop-in | |
10290 | snippets extending unit files. | |
10291 | ||
10292 | * libsystemd-bus has been substantially updated but is still | |
10293 | not available as public API. | |
10294 | ||
10295 | * systemd will now look for the "debug" argument on the kernel | |
499b604b | 10296 | command line and enable debug logging, similar to what |
00aa832b LP |
10297 | "systemd.log_level=debug" already did before. |
10298 | ||
10299 | * "systemctl set-default", "systemctl get-default" has been | |
10300 | added to configure the default.target symlink, which | |
10301 | controls what to boot into by default. | |
10302 | ||
1fda0ab5 ZJS |
10303 | * "systemctl set-log-level" has been added as a convenient |
10304 | way to raise and lower systemd logging threshold. | |
10305 | ||
00aa832b LP |
10306 | * "systemd-analyze plot" will now show the time the various |
10307 | generators needed for execution, as well as information | |
10308 | about the unit file loading. | |
10309 | ||
00aa832b LP |
10310 | * libsystemd-journal gained a new sd_journal_open_files() call |
10311 | for opening specific journal files. journactl also gained a | |
10312 | new switch to expose this new functionality. Previously we | |
10313 | only supported opening all files from a directory, or all | |
10314 | files from the system, as opening individual files only is | |
10315 | racy due to journal file rotation. | |
10316 | ||
10317 | * systemd gained the new DefaultEnvironment= setting in | |
10318 | /etc/systemd/system.conf to set environment variables for | |
10319 | all services. | |
10320 | ||
10321 | * If a privileged process logs a journal message with the | |
10322 | OBJECT_PID= field set, then journald will automatically | |
10323 | augment this with additional OBJECT_UID=, OBJECT_GID=, | |
1d3a473b | 10324 | OBJECT_COMM=, OBJECT_EXE=, … fields. This is useful if |
00aa832b LP |
10325 | system services want to log events about specific client |
10326 | processes. journactl/systemctl has been updated to make use | |
10327 | of this information if all log messages regarding a specific | |
10328 | unit is requested. | |
10329 | ||
10330 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Chengwei Yang, Colin Walters, | |
10331 | Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Albers, Daniel Wallace, Dave | |
10332 | Reisner, David Coppa, David King, David Strauss, Eelco | |
10333 | Dolstra, Gabriel de Perthuis, Harald Hoyer, Jan Alexander | |
10334 | Steffens, Jan Engelhardt, Jan Janssen, Jason St. John, Johan | |
10335 | Heikkilä, Karel Zak, Karol Lewandowski, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
10336 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marius Vollmer, | |
10337 | Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, Michael Tremer, | |
10338 | Michal Schmidt, Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Nirbheek Chauhan, | |
10339 | Pierre Neidhardt, Ross Burton, Ross Lagerwall, Sean McGovern, | |
10340 | Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, | |
10341 | Václav Pavlín, Zachary Cook, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, | |
10342 | Łukasz Stelmach, 장동준 | |
10343 | ||
606c24e3 LP |
10344 | CHANGES WITH 204: |
10345 | ||
10346 | * The Python bindings gained some minimal support for the APIs | |
10347 | exposed by libsystemd-logind. | |
10348 | ||
10349 | * ConditionSecurity= gained support for detecting SMACK. Since | |
10350 | this condition already supports SELinux and AppArmor we only | |
10351 | miss IMA for this. Patches welcome! | |
10352 | ||
10353 | Contributions from: Karol Lewandowski, Lennart Poettering, | |
10354 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
10355 | ||
2f3fcf85 LP |
10356 | CHANGES WITH 203: |
10357 | ||
10358 | * systemd-nspawn will now create /etc/resolv.conf if | |
10359 | necessary, before bind-mounting the host's file onto it. | |
10360 | ||
10361 | * systemd-nspawn will now store meta information about a | |
10362 | container on the container's cgroup as extended attribute | |
10363 | fields, including the root directory. | |
10364 | ||
10365 | * The cgroup hierarchy has been reworked in many ways. All | |
10366 | objects any of the components systemd creates in the cgroup | |
b82eed9a | 10367 | tree are now suffixed. More specifically, user sessions are |
2f3fcf85 LP |
10368 | now placed in cgroups suffixed with ".session", users in |
10369 | cgroups suffixed with ".user", and nspawn containers in | |
10370 | cgroups suffixed with ".nspawn". Furthermore, all cgroup | |
10371 | names are now escaped in a simple scheme to avoid collision | |
10372 | of userspace object names with kernel filenames. This work | |
10373 | is preparation for making these objects relocatable in the | |
10374 | cgroup tree, in order to allow easy resource partitioning of | |
10375 | these objects without causing naming conflicts. | |
10376 | ||
10377 | * systemctl list-dependencies gained the new switches | |
10378 | --plain, --reverse, --after and --before. | |
10379 | ||
10380 | * systemd-inhibit now shows the process name of processes that | |
10381 | have taken an inhibitor lock. | |
10382 | ||
10383 | * nss-myhostname will now also resolve "localhost" | |
10384 | implicitly. This makes /etc/hosts an optional file and | |
10385 | nicely handles that on IPv6 ::1 maps to both "localhost" and | |
10386 | the local hostname. | |
10387 | ||
10388 | * libsystemd-logind.so gained a new call | |
10389 | sd_get_machine_names() to enumerate running containers and | |
10390 | VMs (currently only supported by very new libvirt and | |
10391 | nspawn). sd_login_monitor can now be used to watch | |
10392 | VMs/containers coming and going. | |
10393 | ||
10394 | * .include is not allowed recursively anymore, and only in | |
10395 | unit files. Usually it is better to use drop-in snippets in | |
10396 | .d/*.conf anyway, as introduced with systemd 198. | |
10397 | ||
10398 | * systemd-analyze gained a new "critical-chain" command that | |
10399 | determines the slowest chain of units run during system | |
10400 | boot-up. It is very useful for tracking down where | |
10401 | optimizing boot time is the most beneficial. | |
10402 | ||
10403 | * systemd will no longer allow manipulating service paths in | |
10404 | the name=systemd:/system cgroup tree using ControlGroup= in | |
10405 | units. (But is still fine with it in all other dirs.) | |
10406 | ||
10407 | * There's a new systemd-nspawn@.service service file that may | |
10408 | be used to easily run nspawn containers as system | |
10409 | services. With the container's root directory in | |
10410 | /var/lib/container/foobar it is now sufficient to run | |
10411 | "systemctl start systemd-nspawn@foobar.service" to boot it. | |
10412 | ||
10413 | * systemd-cgls gained a new parameter "--machine" to list only | |
10414 | the processes within a certain container. | |
10415 | ||
10416 | * ConditionSecurity= now can check for "apparmor". We still | |
10417 | are lacking checks for SMACK and IMA for this condition | |
10418 | check though. Patches welcome! | |
10419 | ||
10420 | * A new configuration file /etc/systemd/sleep.conf has been | |
10421 | added that may be used to configure which kernel operation | |
10422 | systemd is supposed to execute when "suspend", "hibernate" | |
10423 | or "hybrid-sleep" is requested. This makes the new kernel | |
10424 | "freeze" state accessible to the user. | |
10425 | ||
10426 | * ENV{SYSTEMD_WANTS} in udev rules will now implicitly escape | |
10427 | the passed argument if applicable. | |
10428 | ||
10429 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters, | |
10430 | Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, | |
10431 | Evangelos Foutras, Greg Kroah-Hartman, Harald Hoyer, Josh | |
10432 | Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, | |
10433 | MUNEDA Takahiro, Mantas Mikulėnas, Mirco Tischler, Nathaniel | |
10434 | Chen, Nirbheek Chauhan, Ronny Chevalier, Ross Lagerwall, Tom | |
10435 | Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, Ville Skyttä, Zbigniew | |
10436 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
10437 | ||
ef3b5246 LP |
10438 | CHANGES WITH 202: |
10439 | ||
10440 | * The output of 'systemctl list-jobs' got some polishing. The | |
10441 | '--type=' argument may now be passed more than once. A new | |
10442 | command 'systemctl list-sockets' has been added which shows | |
10443 | a list of kernel sockets systemd is listening on with the | |
10444 | socket units they belong to, plus the units these socket | |
10445 | units activate. | |
10446 | ||
10447 | * The experimental libsystemd-bus library got substantial | |
10448 | updates to work in conjunction with the (also experimental) | |
10449 | kdbus kernel project. It works well enough to exchange | |
10450 | messages with some sophistication. Note that kdbus is not | |
10451 | ready yet, and the library is mostly an elaborate test case | |
10452 | for now, and not installable. | |
10453 | ||
10454 | * systemd gained a new unit 'systemd-static-nodes.service' | |
10455 | that generates static device nodes earlier during boot, and | |
10456 | can run in conjunction with udev. | |
10457 | ||
10458 | * libsystemd-login gained a new call sd_pid_get_user_unit() | |
10459 | to retrieve the user systemd unit a process is running | |
10460 | in. This is useful for systems where systemd is used as | |
10461 | session manager. | |
10462 | ||
10463 | * systemd-nspawn now places all containers in the new /machine | |
10464 | top-level cgroup directory in the name=systemd | |
10465 | hierarchy. libvirt will soon do the same, so that we get a | |
10466 | uniform separation of /system, /user and /machine for system | |
10467 | services, user processes and containers/virtual | |
10468 | machines. This new cgroup hierarchy is also useful to stick | |
10469 | stable names to specific container instances, which can be | |
7c04ad2d | 10470 | recognized later this way (this name may be controlled |
ef3b5246 LP |
10471 | via systemd-nspawn's new -M switch). libsystemd-login also |
10472 | gained a new call sd_pid_get_machine_name() to retrieve the | |
10473 | name of the container/VM a specific process belongs to. | |
10474 | ||
10475 | * bootchart can now store its data in the journal. | |
10476 | ||
10477 | * libsystemd-journal gained a new call | |
10478 | sd_journal_add_conjunction() for AND expressions to the | |
10479 | matching logic. This can be used to express more complex | |
10480 | logical expressions. | |
10481 | ||
10482 | * journactl can now take multiple --unit= and --user-unit= | |
10483 | switches. | |
10484 | ||
10485 | * The cryptsetup logic now understands the "luks.key=" kernel | |
10486 | command line switch for specifying a file to read the | |
7c04ad2d | 10487 | decryption key from. Also, if a configured key file is not |
ef3b5246 LP |
10488 | found the tool will now automatically fall back to prompting |
10489 | the user. | |
10490 | ||
cbeabcfb ZJS |
10491 | * Python systemd.journal module was updated to wrap recently |
10492 | added functions from libsystemd-journal. The interface was | |
10493 | changed to bring the low level interface in s.j._Reader | |
10494 | closer to the C API, and the high level interface in | |
10495 | s.j.Reader was updated to wrap and convert all data about | |
10496 | an entry. | |
10497 | ||
ef3b5246 LP |
10498 | Contributions from: Anatol Pomozov, Auke Kok, Harald Hoyer, |
10499 | Henrik Grindal Bakken, Josh Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
10500 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas Marius Vollmer, | |
10501 | Martin Jansa, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michal Schmidt, | |
10502 | Mirco Tischler, Pali Rohar, Simon Peeters, Steven Hiscocks, | |
10503 | Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
10504 | ||
d3a86981 LP |
10505 | CHANGES WITH 201: |
10506 | ||
10507 | * journalctl --update-catalog now understands a new --root= | |
10508 | option to operate on catalogs found in a different root | |
10509 | directory. | |
10510 | ||
10511 | * During shutdown after systemd has terminated all running | |
10512 | services a final killing loop kills all remaining left-over | |
10513 | processes. We will now print the name of these processes | |
10514 | when we send SIGKILL to them, since this usually indicates a | |
10515 | problem. | |
10516 | ||
10517 | * If /etc/crypttab refers to password files stored on | |
10518 | configured mount points automatic dependencies will now be | |
10519 | generated to ensure the specific mount is established first | |
10520 | before the key file is attempted to be read. | |
10521 | ||
10522 | * 'systemctl status' will now show information about the | |
10523 | network sockets a socket unit is listening on. | |
10524 | ||
10525 | * 'systemctl status' will also shown information about any | |
10526 | drop-in configuration file for units. (Drop-In configuration | |
10527 | files in this context are files such as | |
5ada98cd | 10528 | /etc/systemd/system/foobar.service.d/*.conf) |
d3a86981 LP |
10529 | |
10530 | * systemd-cgtop now optionally shows summed up CPU times of | |
10531 | cgroups. Press '%' while running cgtop to switch between | |
10532 | percentage and absolute mode. This is useful to determine | |
10533 | which cgroups use up the most CPU time over the entire | |
10534 | runtime of the system. systemd-cgtop has also been updated | |
10535 | to be 'pipeable' for processing with further shell tools. | |
10536 | ||
10537 | * 'hostnamectl set-hostname' will now allow setting of FQDN | |
10538 | hostnames. | |
10539 | ||
10540 | * The formatting and parsing of time span values has been | |
10541 | changed. The parser now understands fractional expressions | |
10542 | such as "5.5h". The formatter will now output fractional | |
10543 | expressions for all time spans under 1min, i.e. "5.123456s" | |
10544 | rather than "5s 123ms 456us". For time spans under 1s | |
10545 | millisecond values are shown, for those under 1ms | |
10546 | microsecond values are shown. This should greatly improve | |
10547 | all time-related output of systemd. | |
10548 | ||
10549 | * libsystemd-login and libsystemd-journal gained new | |
10550 | functions for querying the poll() events mask and poll() | |
10551 | timeout value for integration into arbitrary event | |
10552 | loops. | |
10553 | ||
10554 | * localectl gained the ability to list available X11 keymaps | |
10555 | (models, layouts, variants, options). | |
10556 | ||
10557 | * 'systemd-analyze dot' gained the ability to filter for | |
10558 | specific units via shell-style globs, to create smaller, | |
d28315e4 | 10559 | more useful graphs. I.e. it is now possible to create simple |
d3a86981 LP |
10560 | graphs of all the dependencies between only target units, or |
10561 | of all units that Avahi has dependencies with. | |
10562 | ||
10563 | Contributions from: Cristian Rodríguez, Dr. Tilmann Bubeck, | |
10564 | Harald Hoyer, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Kay Sievers, Kelly | |
10565 | Anderson, Koen Kooi, Lennart Poettering, Maksim Melnikau, | |
10566 | Marc-Antoine Perennou, Marius Vollmer, Martin Pitt, Michal | |
10567 | Schmidt, Oleksii Shevchuk, Ronny Chevalier, Simon McVittie, | |
10568 | Steven Hiscocks, Thomas Weißschuh, Umut Tezduyar, Václav | |
10569 | Pavlín, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Łukasz Stelmach | |
10570 | ||
9ca3c17f LP |
10571 | CHANGES WITH 200: |
10572 | ||
10573 | * The boot-time readahead implementation for rotating media | |
10574 | will now read the read-ahead data in multiple passes which | |
10575 | consist of all read requests made in equidistant time | |
10576 | intervals. This means instead of strictly reading read-ahead | |
10577 | data in its physical order on disk we now try to find a | |
10578 | middle ground between physical and access time order. | |
10579 | ||
10580 | * /etc/os-release files gained a new BUILD_ID= field for usage | |
10581 | on operating systems that provide continuous builds of OS | |
10582 | images. | |
10583 | ||
10584 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Eelco Dolstra, Kay Sievers, | |
10585 | Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Martin Pitt, Václav Pavlín | |
10586 | William Douglas, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
10587 | ||
35911459 LP |
10588 | CHANGES WITH 199: |
10589 | ||
10590 | * systemd-python gained an API exposing libsystemd-daemon. | |
10591 | ||
10592 | * The SMACK setup logic gained support for uploading CIPSO | |
10593 | security policy. | |
10594 | ||
10595 | * Behaviour of PrivateTmp=, ReadWriteDirectories=, | |
10596 | ReadOnlyDirectories= and InaccessibleDirectories= has | |
10597 | changed. The private /tmp and /var/tmp directories are now | |
10598 | shared by all processes of a service (which means | |
10599 | ExecStartPre= may now leave data in /tmp that ExecStart= of | |
10600 | the same service can still access). When a service is | |
10601 | stopped its temporary directories are immediately deleted | |
a87197f5 | 10602 | (normal clean-up with tmpfiles is still done in addition to |
35911459 LP |
10603 | this though). |
10604 | ||
10605 | * By default, systemd will now set a couple of sysctl | |
10606 | variables in the kernel: the safe sysrq options are turned | |
10607 | on, IP route verification is turned on, and source routing | |
10608 | disabled. The recently added hardlink and softlink | |
10609 | protection of the kernel is turned on. These settings should | |
10610 | be reasonably safe, and good defaults for all new systems. | |
10611 | ||
10612 | * The predictable network naming logic may now be turned off | |
a87197f5 | 10613 | with a new kernel command line switch: net.ifnames=0. |
35911459 LP |
10614 | |
10615 | * A new libsystemd-bus module has been added that implements a | |
10616 | pretty complete D-Bus client library. For details see: | |
10617 | ||
56cadcb6 | 10618 | https://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2013-March/009797.html |
35911459 | 10619 | |
c20d8298 | 10620 | * journald will now explicitly flush the journal files to disk |
a87197f5 ZJS |
10621 | at the latest 5min after each write. The file will then also |
10622 | be marked offline until the next write. This should increase | |
10623 | reliability in case of a crash. The synchronization delay | |
10624 | can be configured via SyncIntervalSec= in journald.conf. | |
35911459 LP |
10625 | |
10626 | * There's a new remote-fs-setup.target unit that can be used | |
10627 | to pull in specific services when at least one remote file | |
10628 | system is to be mounted. | |
10629 | ||
10630 | * There are new targets timers.target and paths.target as | |
10631 | canonical targets to pull user timer and path units in | |
10632 | from. This complements sockets.target with a similar | |
10633 | purpose for socket units. | |
10634 | ||
6a7d3d68 LP |
10635 | * libudev gained a new call udev_device_set_attribute_value() |
10636 | to set sysfs attributes of a device. | |
10637 | ||
a87197f5 ZJS |
10638 | * The udev daemon now sets the default number of worker |
10639 | processes executed in parallel based on the number of available | |
c20d8298 | 10640 | CPUs instead of the amount of available RAM. This is supposed |
ab06eef8 | 10641 | to provide a more reliable default and limit a too aggressive |
ce830873 | 10642 | parallelism for setups with 1000s of devices connected. |
c20d8298 | 10643 | |
35911459 LP |
10644 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Colin Walters, Cristian |
10645 | Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Dave Reisner, Frederic Crozat, Hannes | |
10646 | Reinecke, Harald Hoyer, Jan Alexander Steffens, Jan | |
10647 | Engelhardt, Josh Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, | |
10648 | Mantas Mikulėnas, Martin Pitt, Mathieu Bridon, Michael Biebl, | |
10649 | Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Miklos Vajna, Nathaniel Chen, | |
10650 | Oleksii Shevchuk, Ozan Çağlayan, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel | |
10651 | Andersen, Tollef Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, | |
10652 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
10653 | ||
85d68397 LP |
10654 | CHANGES WITH 198: |
10655 | ||
10656 | * Configuration of unit files may now be extended via drop-in | |
10657 | files without having to edit/override the unit files | |
10658 | themselves. More specifically, if the administrator wants to | |
10659 | change one value for a service file foobar.service he can | |
10660 | now do so by dropping in a configuration snippet into | |
ad88e758 | 10661 | /etc/systemd/system/foobar.service.d/*.conf. The unit logic |
85d68397 LP |
10662 | will load all these snippets and apply them on top of the |
10663 | main unit configuration file, possibly extending or | |
10664 | overriding its settings. Using these drop-in snippets is | |
40e21da8 KS |
10665 | generally nicer than the two earlier options for changing |
10666 | unit files locally: copying the files from | |
85d68397 LP |
10667 | /usr/lib/systemd/system/ to /etc/systemd/system/ and editing |
10668 | them there; or creating a new file in /etc/systemd/system/ | |
10669 | that incorporates the original one via ".include". Drop-in | |
10670 | snippets into these .d/ directories can be placed in any | |
fd868975 | 10671 | directory systemd looks for units in, and the usual |
85d68397 LP |
10672 | overriding semantics between /usr/lib, /etc and /run apply |
10673 | for them too. | |
10674 | ||
10675 | * Most unit file settings which take lists of items can now be | |
6aa8d43a | 10676 | reset by assigning the empty string to them. For example, |
85d68397 LP |
10677 | normally, settings such as Environment=FOO=BAR append a new |
10678 | environment variable assignment to the environment block, | |
10679 | each time they are used. By assigning Environment= the empty | |
10680 | string the environment block can be reset to empty. This is | |
10681 | particularly useful with the .d/*.conf drop-in snippets | |
156f7d09 KS |
10682 | mentioned above, since this adds the ability to reset list |
10683 | settings from vendor unit files via these drop-ins. | |
85d68397 LP |
10684 | |
10685 | * systemctl gained a new "list-dependencies" command for | |
10686 | listing the dependencies of a unit recursively. | |
10687 | ||
40e21da8 | 10688 | * Inhibitors are now honored and listed by "systemctl |
85d68397 LP |
10689 | suspend", "systemctl poweroff" (and similar) too, not only |
10690 | GNOME. These commands will also list active sessions by | |
10691 | other users. | |
10692 | ||
10693 | * Resource limits (as exposed by the various control group | |
10694 | controllers) can now be controlled dynamically at runtime | |
10695 | for all units. More specifically, you can now use a command | |
10696 | like "systemctl set-cgroup-attr foobar.service cpu.shares | |
10697 | 2000" to alter the CPU shares a specific service gets. These | |
6aa8d43a | 10698 | settings are stored persistently on disk, and thus allow the |
85d68397 LP |
10699 | administrator to easily adjust the resource usage of |
10700 | services with a few simple commands. This dynamic resource | |
6aa8d43a | 10701 | management logic is also available to other programs via the |
85d68397 LP |
10702 | bus. Almost any kernel cgroup attribute and controller is |
10703 | supported. | |
10704 | ||
10705 | * systemd-vconsole-setup will now copy all font settings to | |
6aa8d43a LP |
10706 | all allocated VTs, where it previously applied them only to |
10707 | the foreground VT. | |
85d68397 LP |
10708 | |
10709 | * libsystemd-login gained the new sd_session_get_tty() API | |
10710 | call. | |
10711 | ||
6aa8d43a LP |
10712 | * This release drops support for a few legacy or |
10713 | distribution-specific LSB facility names when parsing init | |
10714 | scripts: $x-display-manager, $mail-transfer-agent, | |
85d68397 LP |
10715 | $mail-transport-agent, $mail-transfer-agent, $smtp, |
10716 | $null. Also, the mail-transfer-agent.target unit backing | |
10717 | this has been removed. Distributions which want to retain | |
6aa8d43a LP |
10718 | compatibility with this should carry the burden for |
10719 | supporting this themselves and patch support for these back | |
10720 | in, if they really need to. Also, the facilities $syslog and | |
10721 | $local_fs are now ignored, since systemd does not support | |
10722 | early-boot LSB init scripts anymore, and these facilities | |
10723 | are implied anyway for normal services. syslog.target has | |
10724 | also been removed. | |
85d68397 | 10725 | |
40e21da8 | 10726 | * There are new bus calls on PID1's Manager object for |
6aa8d43a | 10727 | cancelling jobs, and removing snapshot units. Previously, |
85d68397 LP |
10728 | both calls were only available on the Job and Snapshot |
10729 | objects themselves. | |
10730 | ||
10731 | * systemd-journal-gatewayd gained SSL support. | |
10732 | ||
10733 | * The various "environment" files, such as /etc/locale.conf | |
10734 | now support continuation lines with a backslash ("\") as | |
499b604b | 10735 | last character in the line, similarly in style (but different) |
85d68397 LP |
10736 | to how this is supported in shells. |
10737 | ||
10738 | * For normal user processes the _SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT= field is | |
10739 | now implicitly appended to every log entry logged. systemctl | |
10740 | has been updated to filter by this field when operating on a | |
10741 | user systemd instance. | |
10742 | ||
10743 | * nspawn will now implicitly add the CAP_AUDIT_WRITE and | |
10744 | CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL capabilities to the capabilities set for | |
10745 | the container. This makes it easier to boot unmodified | |
10746 | Fedora systems in a container, which however still requires | |
10747 | audit=0 to be passed on the kernel command line. Auditing in | |
10748 | kernel and userspace is unfortunately still too broken in | |
10749 | context of containers, hence we recommend compiling it out | |
10750 | of the kernel or using audit=0. Hopefully this will be fixed | |
10751 | one day for good in the kernel. | |
10752 | ||
10753 | * nspawn gained the new --bind= and --bind-ro= parameters to | |
10754 | bind mount specific directories from the host into the | |
10755 | container. | |
10756 | ||
40e21da8 | 10757 | * nspawn will now mount its own devpts file system instance |
6aa8d43a | 10758 | into the container, in order not to leak pty devices from |
85d68397 LP |
10759 | the host into the container. |
10760 | ||
10761 | * systemd will now read the firmware boot time performance | |
6aa8d43a LP |
10762 | information from the EFI variables, if the used boot loader |
10763 | supports this, and takes it into account for boot performance | |
10764 | analysis via "systemd-analyze". This is currently supported | |
10765 | only in conjunction with Gummiboot, but could be supported | |
10766 | by other boot loaders too. For details see: | |
85d68397 | 10767 | |
56cadcb6 | 10768 | https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/BootLoaderInterface |
85d68397 LP |
10769 | |
10770 | * A new generator has been added that automatically mounts the | |
10771 | EFI System Partition (ESP) to /boot, if that directory | |
6aa8d43a LP |
10772 | exists, is empty, and no other file system has been |
10773 | configured to be mounted there. | |
85d68397 LP |
10774 | |
10775 | * logind will now send out PrepareForSleep(false) out | |
10776 | unconditionally, after coming back from suspend. This may be | |
10777 | used by applications as asynchronous notification for | |
10778 | system resume events. | |
10779 | ||
10780 | * "systemctl unlock-sessions" has been added, that allows | |
10781 | unlocking the screens of all user sessions at once, similar | |
499b604b | 10782 | to how "systemctl lock-sessions" already locked all users |
40e21da8 | 10783 | sessions. This is backed by a new D-Bus call UnlockSessions(). |
85d68397 LP |
10784 | |
10785 | * "loginctl seat-status" will now show the master device of a | |
10786 | seat. (i.e. the device of a seat that needs to be around for | |
10787 | the seat to be considered available, usually the graphics | |
10788 | card). | |
10789 | ||
10790 | * tmpfiles gained a new "X" line type, that allows | |
10791 | configuration of files and directories (with wildcards) that | |
10792 | shall be excluded from automatic cleanup ("aging"). | |
10793 | ||
bf933560 KS |
10794 | * udev default rules set the device node permissions now only |
10795 | at "add" events, and do not change them any longer with a | |
10796 | later "change" event. | |
85d68397 LP |
10797 | |
10798 | * The log messages for lid events and power/sleep keypresses | |
10799 | now carry a message ID. | |
10800 | ||
10801 | * We now have a substantially larger unit test suite, but this | |
10802 | continues to be work in progress. | |
10803 | ||
10804 | * udevadm hwdb gained a new --root= parameter to change the | |
10805 | root directory to operate relative to. | |
10806 | ||
40e21da8 KS |
10807 | * logind will now issue a background sync() request to the kernel |
10808 | early at shutdown, so that dirty buffers are flushed to disk early | |
85d68397 LP |
10809 | instead of at the last moment, in order to optimize shutdown |
10810 | times a little. | |
10811 | ||
10812 | * A new bootctl tool has been added that is an interface for | |
10813 | certain boot loader operations. This is currently a preview | |
10814 | and is likely to be extended into a small mechanism daemon | |
10815 | like timedated, localed, hostnamed, and can be used by | |
10816 | graphical UIs to enumerate available boot options, and | |
10817 | request boot into firmware operations. | |
10818 | ||
10819 | * systemd-bootchart has been relicensed to LGPLv2.1+ to match | |
10820 | the rest of the package. It also has been updated to work | |
10821 | correctly in initrds. | |
10822 | ||
d35f51ea ZJS |
10823 | * polkit previously has been runtime optional, and is now also |
10824 | compile time optional via a configure switch. | |
85d68397 LP |
10825 | |
10826 | * systemd-analyze has been reimplemented in C. Also "systemctl | |
10827 | dot" has moved into systemd-analyze. | |
10828 | ||
10829 | * "systemctl status" with no further parameters will now print | |
10830 | the status of all active or failed units. | |
10831 | ||
10832 | * Operations such as "systemctl start" can now be executed | |
10833 | with a new mode "--irreversible" which may be used to queue | |
10834 | operations that cannot accidentally be reversed by a later | |
6aa8d43a | 10835 | job queuing. This is by default used to make shutdown |
85d68397 LP |
10836 | requests more robust. |
10837 | ||
10838 | * The Python API of systemd now gained a new module for | |
10839 | reading journal files. | |
10840 | ||
10841 | * A new tool kernel-install has been added that can install | |
10842 | kernel images according to the Boot Loader Specification: | |
10843 | ||
56cadcb6 | 10844 | https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/BootLoaderSpec |
85d68397 LP |
10845 | |
10846 | * Boot time console output has been improved to provide | |
6aa8d43a | 10847 | animated boot time output for hanging jobs. |
85d68397 LP |
10848 | |
10849 | * A new tool systemd-activate has been added which can be used | |
10850 | to test socket activation with, directly from the command | |
10851 | line. This should make it much easier to test and debug | |
10852 | socket activation in daemons. | |
10853 | ||
10854 | * journalctl gained a new "--reverse" (or -r) option to show | |
10855 | journal output in reverse order (i.e. newest line first). | |
10856 | ||
43447fb7 LP |
10857 | * journalctl gained a new "--pager-end" (or -e) option to jump |
10858 | to immediately jump to the end of the journal in the | |
10859 | pager. This is only supported in conjunction with "less". | |
10860 | ||
85d68397 | 10861 | * journalctl gained a new "--user-unit=" option, that works |
499b604b | 10862 | similarly to "--unit=" but filters for user units rather than |
85d68397 LP |
10863 | system units. |
10864 | ||
10865 | * A number of unit files to ease adoption of systemd in | |
10866 | initrds has been added. This moves some minimal logic from | |
10867 | the various initrd implementations into systemd proper. | |
10868 | ||
10869 | * The journal files are now owned by a new group | |
10870 | "systemd-journal", which exists specifically to allow access | |
10871 | to the journal, and nothing else. Previously, we used the | |
6aa8d43a | 10872 | "adm" group for that, which however possibly covers more |
85d68397 LP |
10873 | than just journal/log file access. This new group is now |
10874 | already used by systemd-journal-gatewayd to ensure this | |
10875 | daemon gets access to the journal files and as little else | |
10876 | as possible. Note that "make install" will also set FS ACLs | |
10877 | up for /var/log/journal to give "adm" and "wheel" read | |
10878 | access to it, in addition to "systemd-journal" which owns | |
10879 | the journal files. We recommend that packaging scripts also | |
6aa8d43a | 10880 | add read access to "adm" + "wheel" to /var/log/journal, and |
85d68397 LP |
10881 | all existing/future journal files. To normal users and |
10882 | administrators little changes, however packagers need to | |
10883 | ensure to create the "systemd-journal" system group at | |
10884 | package installation time. | |
10885 | ||
10886 | * The systemd-journal-gatewayd now runs as unprivileged user | |
10887 | systemd-journal-gateway:systemd-journal-gateway. Packaging | |
10888 | scripts need to create these system user/group at | |
10889 | installation time. | |
10890 | ||
10891 | * timedated now exposes a new boolean property CanNTP that | |
10892 | indicates whether a local NTP service is available or not. | |
10893 | ||
10894 | * systemd-detect-virt will now also detect xen PVs | |
10895 | ||
40e21da8 KS |
10896 | * The pstore file system is now mounted by default, if it is |
10897 | available. | |
85d68397 | 10898 | |
1aed4590 LP |
10899 | * In addition to the SELinux and IMA policies we will now also |
10900 | load SMACK policies at early boot. | |
10901 | ||
85d68397 LP |
10902 | Contributions from: Adel Gadllah, Aleksander Morgado, Auke |
10903 | Kok, Ayan George, Bastien Nocera, Colin Walters, Daniel Buch, | |
10904 | Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, David Strauss, | |
10905 | Eelco Dolstra, Enrico Scholz, Frederic Crozat, Harald Hoyer, | |
10906 | Jan Janssen, Jonathan Callen, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, | |
10907 | Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc-Antoine Perennou, Martin | |
10908 | Pitt, Mauro Dreissig, Max F. Albrecht, Michael Biebl, Michael | |
10909 | Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Michal Vyskocil, | |
10910 | Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Mirco Tischler, Nathaniel Chen, Nestor | |
10911 | Ovroy, Oleksii Shevchuk, Paul W. Frields, Piotr Drąg, Rob | |
10912 | Clark, Ryan Lortie, Simon McVittie, Simon Peeters, Steven | |
10913 | Hiscocks, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tollef Fog Heen, Tom | |
10914 | Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, William Giokas, Zbigniew | |
10915 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Zeeshan Ali (Khattak) | |
10916 | ||
8ad26859 LP |
10917 | CHANGES WITH 197: |
10918 | ||
10919 | * Timer units now support calendar time events in addition to | |
10920 | monotonic time events. That means you can now trigger a unit | |
10921 | based on a calendar time specification such as "Thu,Fri | |
10922 | 2013-*-1,5 11:12:13" which refers to 11:12:13 of the first | |
10923 | or fifth day of any month of the year 2013, given that it is | |
10924 | a thursday or friday. This brings timer event support | |
10925 | considerably closer to cron's capabilities. For details on | |
10926 | the supported calendar time specification language see | |
10927 | systemd.time(7). | |
10928 | ||
10929 | * udev now supports a number of different naming policies for | |
10930 | network interfaces for predictable names, and a combination | |
10931 | of these policies is now the default. Please see this wiki | |
10932 | document for details: | |
10933 | ||
56cadcb6 | 10934 | https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PredictableNetworkInterfaceNames |
8ad26859 LP |
10935 | |
10936 | * Auke Kok's bootchart implementation has been added to the | |
d28315e4 JE |
10937 | systemd tree. It is an optional component that can graph the |
10938 | boot in quite some detail. It is one of the best bootchart | |
8ad26859 LP |
10939 | implementations around and minimal in its code and |
10940 | dependencies. | |
10941 | ||
10942 | * nss-myhostname has been integrated into the systemd source | |
10943 | tree. nss-myhostname guarantees that the local hostname | |
10944 | always stays resolvable via NSS. It has been a weak | |
10945 | requirement of systemd-hostnamed since a long time, and | |
10946 | since its code is actually trivial we decided to just | |
10947 | include it in systemd's source tree. It can be turned off | |
10948 | with a configure switch. | |
10949 | ||
10950 | * The read-ahead logic is now capable of properly detecting | |
10951 | whether a btrfs file system is on SSD or rotating media, in | |
10952 | order to optimize the read-ahead scheme. Previously, it was | |
10953 | only capable of detecting this on traditional file systems | |
10954 | such as ext4. | |
10955 | ||
10956 | * In udev, additional device properties are now read from the | |
10957 | IAB in addition to the OUI database. Also, Bluetooth company | |
10958 | identities are attached to the devices as well. | |
10959 | ||
10960 | * In service files %U may be used as specifier that is | |
10961 | replaced by the configured user name of the service. | |
10962 | ||
10963 | * nspawn may now be invoked without a controlling TTY. This | |
10964 | makes it suitable for invocation as its own service. This | |
10965 | may be used to set up a simple containerized server system | |
10966 | using only core OS tools. | |
10967 | ||
10968 | * systemd and nspawn can now accept socket file descriptors | |
10969 | when they are started for socket activation. This enables | |
10970 | implementation of socket activated nspawn | |
10971 | containers. i.e. think about autospawning an entire OS image | |
10972 | when the first SSH or HTTP connection is received. We expect | |
10973 | that similar functionality will also be added to libvirt-lxc | |
10974 | eventually. | |
10975 | ||
10976 | * journalctl will now suppress ANSI color codes when | |
10977 | presenting log data. | |
10978 | ||
10979 | * systemctl will no longer show control group information for | |
ce830873 | 10980 | a unit if the control group is empty anyway. |
8ad26859 LP |
10981 | |
10982 | * logind can now automatically suspend/hibernate/shutdown the | |
10983 | system on idle. | |
10984 | ||
10985 | * /etc/machine-info and hostnamed now also expose the chassis | |
10986 | type of the system. This can be used to determine whether | |
10987 | the local system is a laptop, desktop, handset or | |
10988 | tablet. This information may either be configured by the | |
10989 | user/vendor or is automatically determined from ACPI and DMI | |
10990 | information if possible. | |
10991 | ||
d35f51ea ZJS |
10992 | * A number of polkit actions are now bound together with "imply" |
10993 | rules. This should simplify creating UIs because many actions | |
10994 | will now authenticate similar ones as well. | |
8ad26859 LP |
10995 | |
10996 | * Unit files learnt a new condition ConditionACPower= which | |
10997 | may be used to conditionalize a unit depending on whether an | |
10998 | AC power source is connected or not, of whether the system | |
10999 | is running on battery power. | |
11000 | ||
11001 | * systemctl gained a new "is-failed" verb that may be used in | |
11002 | shell scripts and suchlike to check whether a specific unit | |
11003 | is in the "failed" state. | |
11004 | ||
11005 | * The EnvironmentFile= setting in unit files now supports file | |
11006 | globbing, and can hence be used to easily read a number of | |
11007 | environment files at once. | |
11008 | ||
11009 | * systemd will no longer detect and recognize specific | |
11010 | distributions. All distribution-specific #ifdeffery has been | |
11011 | removed, systemd is now fully generic and | |
11012 | distribution-agnostic. Effectively, not too much is lost as | |
11013 | a lot of the code is still accessible via explicit configure | |
11014 | switches. However, support for some distribution specific | |
11015 | legacy configuration file formats has been dropped. We | |
11016 | recommend distributions to simply adopt the configuration | |
11017 | files everybody else uses now and convert the old | |
11018 | configuration from packaging scripts. Most distributions | |
11019 | already did that. If that's not possible or desirable, | |
11020 | distributions are welcome to forward port the specific | |
11021 | pieces of code locally from the git history. | |
11022 | ||
11023 | * When logging a message about a unit systemd will now always | |
11024 | log the unit name in the message meta data. | |
11025 | ||
11026 | * localectl will now also discover system locale data that is | |
11027 | not stored in locale archives, but directly unpacked. | |
11028 | ||
11029 | * logind will no longer unconditionally use framebuffer | |
11030 | devices as seat masters, i.e. as devices that are required | |
11031 | to be existing before a seat is considered preset. Instead, | |
11032 | it will now look for all devices that are tagged as | |
b938cb90 JE |
11033 | "seat-master" in udev. By default, framebuffer devices will |
11034 | be marked as such, but depending on local systems, other | |
8ad26859 LP |
11035 | devices might be marked as well. This may be used to |
11036 | integrate graphics cards using closed source drivers (such | |
11037 | as NVidia ones) more nicely into logind. Note however, that | |
11038 | we recommend using the open source NVidia drivers instead, | |
11039 | and no udev rules for the closed-source drivers will be | |
11040 | shipped from us upstream. | |
11041 | ||
11042 | Contributions from: Adam Williamson, Alessandro Crismani, Auke | |
11043 | Kok, Colin Walters, Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, David | |
11044 | Herrmann, David Strauss, Dimitrios Apostolou, Eelco Dolstra, | |
11045 | Eric Benoit, Giovanni Campagna, Hannes Reinecke, Henrik | |
11046 | Grindal Bakken, Hermann Gausterer, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
11047 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel Holtmann, | |
11048 | Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Michael Biebl, Michael Terry, | |
11049 | Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Oleg | |
11050 | Samarin, Pekka Lundstrom, Philip Nilsson, Ramkumar | |
11051 | Ramachandra, Richard Yao, Robert Millan, Sami Kerola, Shawn | |
11052 | Landden, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Thomas Jarosch, | |
11053 | Tollef Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, Zbigniew | |
11054 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
11055 | ||
0428ddb7 LP |
11056 | CHANGES WITH 196: |
11057 | ||
11058 | * udev gained support for loading additional device properties | |
11059 | from an indexed database that is keyed by vendor/product IDs | |
11060 | and similar device identifiers. For the beginning this | |
11061 | "hwdb" is populated with data from the well-known PCI and | |
11062 | USB database, but also includes PNP, ACPI and OID data. In | |
11063 | the longer run this indexed database shall grow into | |
11064 | becoming the one central database for non-essential | |
11065 | userspace device metadata. Previously, data from the PCI/USB | |
96ec33c0 | 11066 | database was only attached to select devices, since the |
0428ddb7 | 11067 | lookup was a relatively expensive operation due to O(n) time |
96ec33c0 LP |
11068 | complexity (with n being the number of entries in the |
11069 | database). Since this is now O(1), we decided to add in this | |
11070 | data for all devices where this is available, by | |
0428ddb7 LP |
11071 | default. Note that the indexed database needs to be rebuilt |
11072 | when new data files are installed. To achieve this you need | |
11073 | to update your packaging scripts to invoke "udevadm hwdb | |
11074 | --update" after installation of hwdb data files. For | |
11075 | RPM-based distributions we introduced the new | |
11076 | %udev_hwdb_update macro for this purpose. | |
11077 | ||
11078 | * The Journal gained support for the "Message Catalog", an | |
11079 | indexed database to link up additional information with | |
11080 | journal entries. For further details please check: | |
11081 | ||
56cadcb6 | 11082 | https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/catalog |
0428ddb7 LP |
11083 | |
11084 | The indexed message catalog database also needs to be | |
11085 | rebuilt after installation of message catalog files. Use | |
11086 | "journalctl --update-catalog" for this. For RPM-based | |
11087 | distributions we introduced the %journal_catalog_update | |
11088 | macro for this purpose. | |
11089 | ||
11090 | * The Python Journal bindings gained support for the standard | |
11091 | Python logging framework. | |
11092 | ||
11093 | * The Journal API gained new functions for checking whether | |
11094 | the underlying file system of a journal file is capable of | |
11095 | properly reporting file change notifications, or whether | |
11096 | applications that want to reflect journal changes "live" | |
ab06eef8 | 11097 | need to recheck journal files continuously in appropriate |
0428ddb7 LP |
11098 | time intervals. |
11099 | ||
11100 | * It is now possible to set the "age" field for tmpfiles | |
11101 | entries to 0, indicating that files matching this entry | |
11102 | shall always be removed when the directories are cleaned up. | |
11103 | ||
11104 | * coredumpctl gained a new "gdb" verb which invokes gdb | |
11105 | right-away on the selected coredump. | |
11106 | ||
11107 | * There's now support for "hybrid sleep" on kernels that | |
11108 | support this, in addition to "suspend" and "hibernate". Use | |
11109 | "systemctl hybrid-sleep" to make use of this. | |
11110 | ||
11111 | * logind's HandleSuspendKey= setting (and related settings) | |
11112 | now gained support for a new "lock" setting to simply | |
11113 | request the screen lock on all local sessions, instead of | |
11114 | actually executing a suspend or hibernation. | |
11115 | ||
11116 | * systemd will now mount the EFI variables file system by | |
11117 | default. | |
11118 | ||
11119 | * Socket units now gained support for configuration of the | |
11120 | SMACK security label. | |
11121 | ||
11122 | * timedatectl will now output the time of the last and next | |
11123 | daylight saving change. | |
11124 | ||
11125 | * We dropped support for various legacy and distro-specific | |
11126 | concepts, such as insserv, early-boot SysV services | |
11127 | (i.e. those for non-standard runlevels such as 'b' or 'S') | |
11128 | or ArchLinux /etc/rc.conf support. We recommend the | |
11129 | distributions who still need support this to either continue | |
11130 | to maintain the necessary patches downstream, or find a | |
11131 | different solution. (Talk to us if you have questions!) | |
11132 | ||
d35f51ea ZJS |
11133 | * Various systemd components will now bypass polkit checks for |
11134 | root and otherwise handle properly if polkit is not found to | |
11135 | be around. This should fix most issues for polkit-less | |
11136 | systems. Quite frankly this should have been this way since | |
11137 | day one. It is absolutely our intention to make systemd work | |
11138 | fine on polkit-less systems, and we consider it a bug if | |
11139 | something does not work as it should if polkit is not around. | |
0428ddb7 LP |
11140 | |
11141 | * For embedded systems it is now possible to build udev and | |
11142 | systemd without blkid and/or kmod support. | |
11143 | ||
11144 | * "systemctl switch-root" is now capable of switching root | |
11145 | more than once. I.e. in addition to transitions from the | |
11146 | initrd to the host OS it is now possible to transition to | |
11147 | further OS images from the host. This is useful to implement | |
11148 | offline updating tools. | |
11149 | ||
11150 | * Various other additions have been made to the RPM macros | |
11151 | shipped with systemd. Use %udev_rules_update() after | |
11152 | installing new udev rules files. %_udevhwdbdir, | |
11153 | %_udevrulesdir, %_journalcatalogdir, %_tmpfilesdir, | |
11154 | %_sysctldir are now available which resolve to the right | |
11155 | directories for packages to place various data files in. | |
11156 | ||
11157 | * journalctl gained the new --full switch (in addition to | |
11158 | --all, to disable ellipsation for long messages. | |
11159 | ||
11160 | Contributions from: Anders Olofsson, Auke Kok, Ben Boeckel, | |
11161 | Colin Walters, Cosimo Cecchi, Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, | |
11162 | Eelco Dolstra, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Kay Sievers, | |
11163 | Chun-Yi Lee, Lekensteyn, Lennart Poettering, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
11164 | Marti Raudsepp, Martin Pitt, Mauro Dreissig, Michael Biebl, | |
11165 | Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Miklos Vajna, Nis Martensen, | |
11166 | Oleksii Shevchuk, Olivier Brunel, Ramkumar Ramachandra, Thomas | |
11167 | Bächler, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Tony | |
11168 | Camuso, Umut Tezduyar, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
11169 | ||
139ee8cc LP |
11170 | CHANGES WITH 195: |
11171 | ||
6827101a | 11172 | * journalctl gained new --since= and --until= switches to |
139ee8cc LP |
11173 | filter by time. It also now supports nice filtering for |
11174 | units via --unit=/-u. | |
11175 | ||
6827101a | 11176 | * Type=oneshot services may use ExecReload= and do the |
139ee8cc LP |
11177 | right thing. |
11178 | ||
11179 | * The journal daemon now supports time-based rotation and | |
11180 | vacuuming, in addition to the usual disk-space based | |
11181 | rotation. | |
11182 | ||
11183 | * The journal will now index the available field values for | |
11184 | each field name. This enables clients to show pretty drop | |
11185 | downs of available match values when filtering. The bash | |
11186 | completion of journalctl has been updated | |
11187 | accordingly. journalctl gained a new switch -F to list all | |
11188 | values a certain field takes in the journal database. | |
11189 | ||
11190 | * More service events are now written as structured messages | |
11191 | to the journal, and made recognizable via message IDs. | |
11192 | ||
11193 | * The timedated, localed and hostnamed mini-services which | |
11194 | previously only provided support for changing time, locale | |
11195 | and hostname settings from graphical DEs such as GNOME now | |
11196 | also have a minimal (but very useful) text-based client | |
11197 | utility each. This is probably the nicest way to changing | |
11198 | these settings from the command line now, especially since | |
11199 | it lists available options and is fully integrated with bash | |
11200 | completion. | |
11201 | ||
11202 | * There's now a new tool "systemd-coredumpctl" to list and | |
11203 | extract coredumps from the journal. | |
11204 | ||
11205 | * We now install a README each in /var/log/ and | |
11206 | /etc/rc.d/init.d explaining where the system logs and init | |
11207 | scripts went. This hopefully should help folks who go to | |
11208 | that dirs and look into the otherwise now empty void and | |
11209 | scratch their heads. | |
11210 | ||
11211 | * When user-services are invoked (by systemd --user) the | |
11212 | $MANAGERPID env var is set to the PID of systemd. | |
11213 | ||
11214 | * SIGRTMIN+24 when sent to a --user instance will now result | |
11215 | in immediate termination of systemd. | |
11216 | ||
11217 | * gatewayd received numerous feature additions such as a | |
11218 | "follow" mode, for live syncing and filtering. | |
11219 | ||
11220 | * browse.html now allows filtering and showing detailed | |
11221 | information on specific entries. Keyboard navigation and | |
11222 | mouse screen support has been added. | |
11223 | ||
11224 | * gatewayd/journalctl now supports HTML5/JSON | |
11225 | Server-Sent-Events as output. | |
11226 | ||
1cb88f2c | 11227 | * The SysV init script compatibility logic will now |
139ee8cc LP |
11228 | heuristically determine whether a script supports the |
11229 | "reload" verb, and only then make this available as | |
11230 | "systemctl reload". | |
11231 | ||
15f47220 | 11232 | * "systemctl status --follow" has been removed, use "journalctl |
139ee8cc LP |
11233 | -u" instead. |
11234 | ||
11235 | * journald.conf's RuntimeMinSize=, PersistentMinSize= settings | |
11236 | have been removed since they are hardly useful to be | |
11237 | configured. | |
11238 | ||
11239 | * And I'd like to take the opportunity to specifically mention | |
11240 | Zbigniew for his great contributions. Zbigniew, you rock! | |
11241 | ||
11242 | Contributions from: Andrew Eikum, Christian Hesse, Colin | |
11243 | Guthrie, Daniel J Walsh, Dave Reisner, Eelco Dolstra, Ferenc | |
4d92e078 LP |
11244 | Wágner, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas |
11245 | Mikulėnas, Martin Mikkelsen, Martin Pitt, Michael Olbrich, | |
11246 | Michael Stapelberg, Michal Schmidt, Sebastian Ott, Thomas | |
11247 | Bächler, Umut Tezduyar, Will Woods, Wulf C. Krueger, Zbigniew | |
11248 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Сковорода Никита Андреевич | |
139ee8cc | 11249 | |
f9b55720 LP |
11250 | CHANGES WITH 194: |
11251 | ||
11252 | * If /etc/vconsole.conf is non-existent or empty we will no | |
11253 | longer load any console font or key map at boot by | |
11254 | default. Instead the kernel defaults will be left | |
11255 | intact. This is definitely the right thing to do, as no | |
11256 | configuration should mean no configuration, and hard-coding | |
11257 | font names that are different on all archs is probably a bad | |
11258 | idea. Also, the kernel default key map and font should be | |
11259 | good enough for most cases anyway, and mostly identical to | |
11260 | the userspace fonts/key maps we previously overloaded them | |
11261 | with. If distributions want to continue to default to a | |
11262 | non-kernel font or key map they should ship a default | |
11263 | /etc/vconsole.conf with the appropriate contents. | |
11264 | ||
11265 | Contributions from: Colin Walters, Daniel J Walsh, Dave | |
11266 | Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Tollef | |
11267 | Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
11268 | ||
597c52cf LP |
11269 | CHANGES WITH 193: |
11270 | ||
11271 | * journalctl gained a new --cursor= switch to show entries | |
11272 | starting from the specified location in the journal. | |
11273 | ||
11274 | * We now enforce a size limit on journal entry fields exported | |
11275 | with "-o json" in journalctl. Fields larger than 4K will be | |
11276 | assigned null. This can be turned off with --all. | |
11277 | ||
11278 | * An (optional) journal gateway daemon is now available as | |
11279 | "systemd-journal-gatewayd.service". This service provides | |
11280 | access to the journal via HTTP and JSON. This functionality | |
11281 | will be used to implement live log synchronization in both | |
11282 | pull and push modes, but has various other users too, such | |
11283 | as easy log access for debugging of embedded devices. Right | |
11284 | now it is already useful to retrieve the journal via HTTP: | |
11285 | ||
11286 | # systemctl start systemd-journal-gatewayd.service | |
11287 | # wget http://localhost:19531/entries | |
11288 | ||
11289 | This will download the journal contents in a | |
11290 | /var/log/messages compatible format. The same as JSON: | |
11291 | ||
11292 | # curl -H"Accept: application/json" http://localhost:19531/entries | |
11293 | ||
11294 | This service is also accessible via a web browser where a | |
11295 | single static HTML5 app is served that uses the JSON logic | |
11296 | to enable the user to do some basic browsing of the | |
11297 | journal. This will be extended later on. Here's an example | |
11298 | screenshot of this app in its current state: | |
11299 | ||
11300 | http://0pointer.de/public/journal-gatewayd | |
11301 | ||
11302 | Contributions from: Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Robert | |
11303 | Milasan, Tom Gundersen | |
11304 | ||
075d4ecb LP |
11305 | CHANGES WITH 192: |
11306 | ||
11307 | * The bash completion logic is now available for journalctl | |
11308 | too. | |
11309 | ||
d28315e4 | 11310 | * We do not mount the "cpuset" controller anymore together with |
075d4ecb LP |
11311 | "cpu" and "cpuacct", as "cpuset" groups generally cannot be |
11312 | started if no parameters are assigned to it. "cpuset" hence | |
61233823 | 11313 | broke code that assumed it could create "cpu" groups and |
075d4ecb LP |
11314 | just start them. |
11315 | ||
11316 | * journalctl -f will now subscribe to terminal size changes, | |
11317 | and line break accordingly. | |
11318 | ||
597c52cf LP |
11319 | Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lennart |
11320 | Poettering, Lukas Nykrynm, Mirco Tischler, Václav Pavlín | |
075d4ecb | 11321 | |
b6a86739 LP |
11322 | CHANGES WITH 191: |
11323 | ||
11324 | * nspawn will now create a symlink /etc/localtime in the | |
11325 | container environment, copying the host's timezone | |
11326 | setting. Previously this has been done via a bind mount, but | |
11327 | since symlinks cannot be bind mounted this has now been | |
11328 | changed to create/update the appropriate symlink. | |
11329 | ||
11330 | * journalctl -n's line number argument is now optional, and | |
11331 | will default to 10 if omitted. | |
11332 | ||
11333 | * journald will now log the maximum size the journal files may | |
11334 | take up on disk. This is particularly useful if the default | |
11335 | built-in logic of determining this parameter from the file | |
11336 | system size is used. Use "systemctl status | |
6563b535 | 11337 | systemd-journald.service" to see this information. |
b6a86739 LP |
11338 | |
11339 | * The multi-seat X wrapper tool has been stripped down. As X | |
11340 | is now capable of enumerating graphics devices via udev in a | |
11341 | seat-aware way the wrapper is not strictly necessary | |
11342 | anymore. A stripped down temporary stop-gap is still shipped | |
11343 | until the upstream display managers have been updated to | |
11344 | fully support the new X logic. Expect this wrapper to be | |
6563b535 | 11345 | removed entirely in one of the next releases. |
b6a86739 LP |
11346 | |
11347 | * HandleSleepKey= in logind.conf has been split up into | |
11348 | HandleSuspendKey= and HandleHibernateKey=. The old setting | |
6563b535 | 11349 | is not available anymore. X11 and the kernel are |
45afd519 | 11350 | distinguishing between these keys and we should too. This |
b6a86739 LP |
11351 | also means the inhibition lock for these keys has been split |
11352 | into two. | |
11353 | ||
597c52cf LP |
11354 | Contributions from: Dave Airlie, Eelco Dolstra, Lennart |
11355 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Václav Pavlín | |
b6a86739 | 11356 | |
0c11f949 LP |
11357 | CHANGES WITH 190: |
11358 | ||
d28315e4 | 11359 | * Whenever a unit changes state we will now log this to the |
0c11f949 LP |
11360 | journal and show along the unit's own log output in |
11361 | "systemctl status". | |
11362 | ||
11363 | * ConditionPathIsMountPoint= can now properly detect bind | |
11364 | mount points too. (Previously, a bind mount of one file | |
8d0256b7 | 11365 | system to another place in the same file system could not be |
0c11f949 LP |
11366 | detected as mount, since they shared struct stat's st_dev |
11367 | field.) | |
11368 | ||
11369 | * We will now mount the cgroup controllers cpu, cpuacct, | |
11370 | cpuset and the controllers net_cls, net_prio together by | |
11371 | default. | |
11372 | ||
11373 | * nspawn containers will now have a virtualized boot | |
11374 | ID. (i.e. /proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id is now mounted | |
11375 | over with a randomized ID at container initialization). This | |
11376 | has the effect of making "journalctl -b" do the right thing | |
11377 | in a container. | |
11378 | ||
11379 | * The JSON output journal serialization has been updated not | |
11380 | to generate "endless" list objects anymore, but rather one | |
11381 | JSON object per line. This is more in line how most JSON | |
11382 | parsers expect JSON objects. The new output mode | |
11383 | "json-pretty" has been added to provide similar output, but | |
11384 | neatly aligned for readability by humans. | |
11385 | ||
11386 | * We dropped all explicit sync() invocations in the shutdown | |
11387 | code. The kernel does this implicitly anyway in the kernel | |
11388 | reboot() syscall. halt(8)'s -n option is now a compatibility | |
11389 | no-op. | |
11390 | ||
11391 | * We now support virtualized reboot() in containers, as | |
11392 | supported by newer kernels. We will fall back to exit() if | |
11393 | CAP_SYS_REBOOT is not available to the container. Also, | |
11394 | nspawn makes use of this now and will actually reboot the | |
11395 | container if the containerized OS asks for that. | |
11396 | ||
11397 | * journalctl will only show local log output by default | |
11398 | now. Use --merge (-m) to show remote log output, too. | |
11399 | ||
11400 | * libsystemd-journal gained the new sd_journal_get_usage() | |
11401 | call to determine the current disk usage of all journal | |
11402 | files. This is exposed in the new "journalctl --disk-usage" | |
11403 | command. | |
11404 | ||
11405 | * journald gained a new configuration setting SplitMode= in | |
11406 | journald.conf which may be used to control how user journals | |
11407 | are split off. See journald.conf(5) for details. | |
11408 | ||
11409 | * A new condition type ConditionFileNotEmpty= has been added. | |
11410 | ||
11411 | * tmpfiles' "w" lines now support file globbing, to write | |
11412 | multiple files at once. | |
11413 | ||
11414 | * We added Python bindings for the journal submission | |
11415 | APIs. More Python APIs for a number of selected APIs will | |
11416 | likely follow. Note that we intend to add native bindings | |
11417 | only for the Python language, as we consider it common | |
11418 | enough to deserve bindings shipped within systemd. There are | |
11419 | various projects outside of systemd that provide bindings | |
11420 | for languages such as PHP or Lua. | |
11421 | ||
a98d5d64 LP |
11422 | * Many conditions will now resolve specifiers such as %i. In |
11423 | addition, PathChanged= and related directives of .path units | |
11424 | now support specifiers as well. | |
0c11f949 LP |
11425 | |
11426 | * There's now a new RPM macro definition for the system preset | |
11427 | dir: %_presetdir. | |
11428 | ||
d28315e4 | 11429 | * journald will now warn if it ca not forward a message to the |
dca348bc | 11430 | syslog daemon because its socket is full. |
0c11f949 LP |
11431 | |
11432 | * timedated will no longer write or process /etc/timezone, | |
11433 | except on Debian. As we do not support late mounted /usr | |
11434 | anymore /etc/localtime always being a symlink is now safe, | |
11435 | and hence the information in /etc/timezone is not necessary | |
11436 | anymore. | |
11437 | ||
aaccc32c | 11438 | * logind will now always reserve one VT for a text getty (VT6 |
0c11f949 LP |
11439 | by default). Previously if more than 6 X sessions where |
11440 | started they took up all the VTs with auto-spawned gettys, | |
11441 | so that no text gettys were available anymore. | |
11442 | ||
11443 | * udev will now automatically inform the btrfs kernel logic | |
11444 | about btrfs RAID components showing up. This should make | |
11445 | simple hotplug based btrfs RAID assembly work. | |
11446 | ||
11447 | * PID 1 will now increase its RLIMIT_NOFILE to 64K by default | |
11448 | (but not for its children which will stay at the kernel | |
11449 | default). This should allow setups with a lot more listening | |
11450 | sockets. | |
11451 | ||
11452 | * systemd will now always pass the configured timezone to the | |
11453 | kernel at boot. timedated will do the same when the timezone | |
11454 | is changed. | |
11455 | ||
11456 | * logind's inhibition logic has been updated. By default, | |
11457 | logind will now handle the lid switch, the power and sleep | |
11458 | keys all the time, even in graphical sessions. If DEs want | |
11459 | to handle these events on their own they should take the new | |
11460 | handle-power-key, handle-sleep-key and handle-lid-switch | |
f131770b | 11461 | inhibitors during their runtime. A simple way to achieve |
0c11f949 LP |
11462 | that is to invoke the DE wrapped in an invocation of: |
11463 | ||
1d3a473b | 11464 | systemd-inhibit --what=handle-power-key:handle-sleep-key:handle-lid-switch … |
0c11f949 LP |
11465 | |
11466 | * Access to unit operations is now checked via SELinux taking | |
11467 | the unit file label and client process label into account. | |
11468 | ||
aad803af LP |
11469 | * systemd will now notify the administrator in the journal |
11470 | when he over-mounts a non-empty directory. | |
11471 | ||
11472 | * There are new specifiers that are resolved in unit files, | |
38b38500 | 11473 | for the hostname (%H), the machine ID (%m) and the boot ID |
aad803af LP |
11474 | (%b). |
11475 | ||
b6a86739 | 11476 | Contributions from: Allin Cottrell, Auke Kok, Brandon Philips, |
0c11f949 LP |
11477 | Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters, Daniel J Walsh, Dave Reisner, |
11478 | Eelco Dolstra, Jan Engelhardt, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
11479 | Poettering, Lucas De Marchi, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
11480 | Martin Pitt, Matthias Clasen, Michael Olbrich, Pierre Schmitz, | |
11481 | Shawn Landden, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, | |
11482 | Václav Pavlín, Yin Kangkai, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
11483 | ||
38a60d71 LP |
11484 | CHANGES WITH 189: |
11485 | ||
11486 | * Support for reading structured kernel messages from | |
11487 | /dev/kmsg has now been added and is enabled by default. | |
11488 | ||
11489 | * Support for reading kernel messages from /proc/kmsg has now | |
11490 | been removed. If you want kernel messages in the journal | |
11491 | make sure to run a recent kernel (>= 3.5) that supports | |
11492 | reading structured messages from /dev/kmsg (see | |
11493 | above). /proc/kmsg is now exclusive property of classic | |
11494 | syslog daemons again. | |
11495 | ||
11496 | * The libudev API gained the new | |
11497 | udev_device_new_from_device_id() call. | |
11498 | ||
11499 | * The logic for file system namespace (ReadOnlyDirectory=, | |
11500 | ReadWriteDirectoy=, PrivateTmp=) has been reworked not to | |
11501 | require pivot_root() anymore. This means fewer temporary | |
11502 | directories are created below /tmp for this feature. | |
11503 | ||
11504 | * nspawn containers will now see and receive all submounts | |
11505 | made on the host OS below the root file system of the | |
11506 | container. | |
11507 | ||
11508 | * Forward Secure Sealing is now supported for Journal files, | |
11509 | which provide cryptographical sealing of journal files so | |
11510 | that attackers cannot alter log history anymore without this | |
11511 | being detectable. Lennart will soon post a blog story about | |
11512 | this explaining it in more detail. | |
11513 | ||
11514 | * There are two new service settings RestartPreventExitStatus= | |
11515 | and SuccessExitStatus= which allow configuration of exit | |
11516 | status (exit code or signal) which will be excepted from the | |
11517 | restart logic, resp. consider successful. | |
11518 | ||
11519 | * journalctl gained the new --verify switch that can be used | |
11520 | to check the integrity of the structure of journal files and | |
11521 | (if Forward Secure Sealing is enabled) the contents of | |
11522 | journal files. | |
11523 | ||
11524 | * nspawn containers will now be run with /dev/stdin, /dev/fd/ | |
11525 | and similar symlinks pre-created. This makes running shells | |
11526 | as container init process a lot more fun. | |
11527 | ||
11528 | * The fstab support can now handle PARTUUID= and PARTLABEL= | |
11529 | entries. | |
11530 | ||
11531 | * A new ConditionHost= condition has been added to match | |
11532 | against the hostname (with globs) and machine ID. This is | |
11533 | useful for clusters where a single OS image is used to | |
11534 | provision a large number of hosts which shall run slightly | |
11535 | different sets of services. | |
11536 | ||
11537 | * Services which hit the restart limit will now be placed in a | |
11538 | failure state. | |
11539 | ||
b6a86739 | 11540 | Contributions from: Bertram Poettering, Dave Reisner, Huang |
38a60d71 LP |
11541 | Hang, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Martin |
11542 | Pitt, Simon Peeters, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
11543 | ||
c269cec3 LP |
11544 | CHANGES WITH 188: |
11545 | ||
11546 | * When running in --user mode systemd will now become a | |
11547 | subreaper (PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER). This should make the ps | |
11548 | tree a lot more organized. | |
11549 | ||
11550 | * A new PartOf= unit dependency type has been introduced that | |
11551 | may be used to group services in a natural way. | |
11552 | ||
11553 | * "systemctl enable" may now be used to enable instances of | |
11554 | services. | |
11555 | ||
11556 | * journalctl now prints error log levels in red, and | |
11557 | warning/notice log levels in bright white. It also supports | |
11558 | filtering by log level now. | |
11559 | ||
11560 | * cgtop gained a new -n switch (similar to top), to configure | |
11561 | the maximum number of iterations to run for. It also gained | |
11562 | -b, to run in batch mode (accepting no input). | |
11563 | ||
ab06eef8 | 11564 | * The suffix ".service" may now be omitted on most systemctl |
c269cec3 LP |
11565 | command lines involving service unit names. |
11566 | ||
11567 | * There's a new bus call in logind to lock all sessions, as | |
11568 | well as a loginctl verb for it "lock-sessions". | |
11569 | ||
11570 | * libsystemd-logind.so gained a new call sd_journal_perror() | |
11571 | that works similar to libc perror() but logs to the journal | |
11572 | and encodes structured information about the error number. | |
11573 | ||
11574 | * /etc/crypttab entries now understand the new keyfile-size= | |
11575 | option. | |
11576 | ||
11577 | * shutdown(8) now can send a (configurable) wall message when | |
11578 | a shutdown is cancelled. | |
11579 | ||
11580 | * The mount propagation mode for the root file system will now | |
11581 | default to "shared", which is useful to make containers work | |
11582 | nicely out-of-the-box so that they receive new mounts from | |
11583 | the host. This can be undone locally by running "mount | |
11584 | --make-rprivate /" if needed. | |
11585 | ||
11586 | * The prefdm.service file has been removed. Distributions | |
11587 | should maintain this unit downstream if they intend to keep | |
11588 | it around. However, we recommend writing normal unit files | |
11589 | for display managers instead. | |
11590 | ||
11591 | * Since systemd is a crucial part of the OS we will now | |
11592 | default to a number of compiler switches that improve | |
11593 | security (hardening) such as read-only relocations, stack | |
11594 | protection, and suchlike. | |
11595 | ||
11596 | * The TimeoutSec= setting for services is now split into | |
11597 | TimeoutStartSec= and TimeoutStopSec= to allow configuration | |
11598 | of individual time outs for the start and the stop phase of | |
11599 | the service. | |
11600 | ||
11601 | Contributions from: Artur Zaprzala, Arvydas Sidorenko, Auke | |
11602 | Kok, Bryan Kadzban, Dave Reisner, David Strauss, Harald Hoyer, | |
11603 | Jim Meyering, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Mantas | |
11604 | Mikulėnas, Martin Pitt, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Peter | |
11605 | Alfredsen, Shawn Landden, Simon Peeters, Terence Honles, Tom | |
11606 | Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
11607 | ||
c4f1b862 LP |
11608 | CHANGES WITH 187: |
11609 | ||
11610 | * The journal and id128 C APIs are now fully documented as man | |
11611 | pages. | |
11612 | ||
11613 | * Extra safety checks have been added when transitioning from | |
11614 | the initial RAM disk to the main system to avoid accidental | |
11615 | data loss. | |
11616 | ||
c269cec3 | 11617 | * /etc/crypttab entries now understand the new keyfile-offset= |
c4f1b862 LP |
11618 | option. |
11619 | ||
11620 | * systemctl -t can now be used to filter by unit load state. | |
11621 | ||
11622 | * The journal C API gained the new sd_journal_wait() call to | |
11623 | make writing synchronous journal clients easier. | |
11624 | ||
11625 | * journalctl gained the new -D switch to show journals from a | |
11626 | specific directory. | |
11627 | ||
11628 | * journalctl now displays a special marker between log | |
11629 | messages of two different boots. | |
11630 | ||
11631 | * The journal is now explicitly flushed to /var via a service | |
11632 | systemd-journal-flush.service, rather than implicitly simply | |
11633 | by seeing /var/log/journal to be writable. | |
11634 | ||
11635 | * journalctl (and the journal C APIs) can now match for much | |
11636 | more complex expressions, with alternatives and | |
11637 | disjunctions. | |
11638 | ||
11639 | * When transitioning from the initial RAM disk to the main | |
11640 | system we will now kill all processes in a killing spree to | |
11641 | ensure no processes stay around by accident. | |
11642 | ||
11643 | * Three new specifiers may be used in unit files: %u, %h, %s | |
11644 | resolve to the user name, user home directory resp. user | |
11645 | shell. This is useful for running systemd user instances. | |
11646 | ||
11647 | * We now automatically rotate journal files if their data | |
11648 | object hash table gets a fill level > 75%. We also size the | |
11649 | hash table based on the configured maximum file size. This | |
11650 | together should lower hash collisions drastically and thus | |
11651 | speed things up a bit. | |
11652 | ||
11653 | * journalctl gained the new "--header" switch to introspect | |
11654 | header data of journal files. | |
11655 | ||
6b000af4 LP |
11656 | * A new setting SystemCallFilters= has been added to services which may |
11657 | be used to apply deny lists or allow lists to system calls. This is | |
11658 | based on SECCOMP Mode 2 of Linux 3.5. | |
c4f1b862 LP |
11659 | |
11660 | * nspawn gained a new --link-journal= switch (and quicker: -j) | |
11661 | to link the container journal with the host. This makes it | |
11662 | very easy to centralize log viewing on the host for all | |
11663 | guests while still keeping the journal files separated. | |
11664 | ||
11665 | * Many bugfixes and optimizations | |
11666 | ||
11667 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Eelco Dolstra, Harald Hoyer, Kay | |
11668 | Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Malte Starostik, Paul Menzel, Rex | |
11669 | Tsai, Shawn Landden, Tom Gundersen, Ville Skyttä, Zbigniew | |
11670 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
11671 | ||
b5b4c94a LP |
11672 | CHANGES WITH 186: |
11673 | ||
11674 | * Several tools now understand kernel command line arguments, | |
11675 | which are only read when run in an initial RAM disk. They | |
11676 | usually follow closely their normal counterparts, but are | |
11677 | prefixed with rd. | |
11678 | ||
11679 | * There's a new tool to analyze the readahead files that are | |
11680 | automatically generated at boot. Use: | |
11681 | ||
11682 | /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-readahead analyze /.readahead | |
11683 | ||
11684 | * We now provide an early debug shell on tty9 if this enabled. Use: | |
11685 | ||
d1f9edaf | 11686 | systemctl enable debug-shell.service |
b5b4c94a LP |
11687 | |
11688 | * All plymouth related units have been moved into the Plymouth | |
11689 | package. Please make sure to upgrade your Plymouth version | |
11690 | as well. | |
11691 | ||
11692 | * systemd-tmpfiles now supports getting passed the basename of | |
11693 | a configuration file only, in which case it will look for it | |
11694 | in all appropriate directories automatically. | |
11695 | ||
11696 | * udevadm info now takes a /dev or /sys path as argument, and | |
11697 | does the right thing. Example: | |
11698 | ||
11699 | udevadm info /dev/sda | |
11700 | udevadm info /sys/class/block/sda | |
11701 | ||
11702 | * systemctl now prints a warning if a unit is stopped but a | |
11703 | unit that might trigger it continues to run. Example: a | |
11704 | service is stopped but the socket that activates it is left | |
11705 | running. | |
11706 | ||
11707 | * "systemctl status" will now mention if the log output was | |
11708 | shortened due to rotation since a service has been started. | |
11709 | ||
11710 | * The journal API now exposes functions to determine the | |
11711 | "cutoff" times due to rotation. | |
11712 | ||
11713 | * journald now understands SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2 for triggering | |
11714 | immediately flushing of runtime logs to /var if possible, | |
11715 | resp. for triggering immediate rotation of the journal | |
11716 | files. | |
11717 | ||
11718 | * It is now considered an error if a service is attempted to | |
11719 | be stopped that is not loaded. | |
11720 | ||
11721 | * XDG_RUNTIME_DIR now uses numeric UIDs instead of usernames. | |
11722 | ||
11723 | * systemd-analyze now supports Python 3 | |
11724 | ||
11725 | * tmpfiles now supports cleaning up directories via aging | |
11726 | where the first level dirs are always kept around but | |
11727 | directories beneath it automatically aged. This is enabled | |
11728 | by prefixing the age field with '~'. | |
11729 | ||
11730 | * Seat objects now expose CanGraphical, CanTTY properties | |
11731 | which is required to deal with very fast bootups where the | |
11732 | display manager might be running before the graphics drivers | |
11733 | completed initialization. | |
11734 | ||
11735 | * Seat objects now expose a State property. | |
11736 | ||
11737 | * We now include RPM macros for service enabling/disabling | |
11738 | based on the preset logic. We recommend RPM based | |
11739 | distributions to make use of these macros if possible. This | |
11740 | makes it simpler to reuse RPM spec files across | |
11741 | distributions. | |
11742 | ||
11743 | * We now make sure that the collected systemd unit name is | |
11744 | always valid when services log to the journal via | |
11745 | STDOUT/STDERR. | |
11746 | ||
11747 | * There's a new man page kernel-command-line(7) detailing all | |
11748 | command line options we understand. | |
11749 | ||
11750 | * The fstab generator may now be disabled at boot by passing | |
11751 | fstab=0 on the kernel command line. | |
11752 | ||
91ac7425 | 11753 | * A new kernel command line option modules-load= is now understood |
b5b4c94a LP |
11754 | to load a specific kernel module statically, early at boot. |
11755 | ||
11756 | * Unit names specified on the systemctl command line are now | |
11757 | automatically escaped as needed. Also, if file system or | |
11758 | device paths are specified they are automatically turned | |
11759 | into the appropriate mount or device unit names. Example: | |
11760 | ||
11761 | systemctl status /home | |
11762 | systemctl status /dev/sda | |
11763 | ||
11764 | * The SysVConsole= configuration option has been removed from | |
11765 | system.conf parsing. | |
11766 | ||
11767 | * The SysV search path is no longer exported on the D-Bus | |
11768 | Manager object. | |
11769 | ||
ce830873 | 11770 | * The Names= option has been removed from unit file parsing. |
b5b4c94a LP |
11771 | |
11772 | * There's a new man page bootup(7) detailing the boot process. | |
11773 | ||
11774 | * Every unit and every generator we ship with systemd now | |
11775 | comes with full documentation. The self-explanatory boot is | |
11776 | complete. | |
11777 | ||
11778 | * A couple of services gained "systemd-" prefixes in their | |
11779 | name if they wrap systemd code, rather than only external | |
11780 | code. Among them fsck@.service which is now | |
11781 | systemd-fsck@.service. | |
11782 | ||
11783 | * The HaveWatchdog property has been removed from the D-Bus | |
11784 | Manager object. | |
11785 | ||
11786 | * systemd.confirm_spawn= on the kernel command line should now | |
11787 | work sensibly. | |
11788 | ||
11789 | * There's a new man page crypttab(5) which details all options | |
11790 | we actually understand. | |
11791 | ||
11792 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --capability= switch to pass | |
11793 | additional capabilities to the container. | |
11794 | ||
11795 | * timedated will now read known NTP implementation unit names | |
5b00c016 | 11796 | from /usr/lib/systemd/ntp-units.d/*.list, |
b5b4c94a LP |
11797 | systemd-timedated-ntp.target has been removed. |
11798 | ||
11799 | * journalctl gained a new switch "-b" that lists log data of | |
11800 | the current boot only. | |
11801 | ||
11802 | * The notify socket is in the abstract namespace again, in | |
11803 | order to support daemons which chroot() at start-up. | |
11804 | ||
11805 | * There is a new Storage= configuration option for journald | |
11806 | which allows configuration of where log data should go. This | |
11807 | also provides a way to disable journal logging entirely, so | |
11808 | that data collected is only forwarded to the console, the | |
11809 | kernel log buffer or another syslog implementation. | |
11810 | ||
c4f1b862 | 11811 | * Many bugfixes and optimizations |
b5b4c94a | 11812 | |
2d938ac7 LP |
11813 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Colin Guthrie, Dave Reisner, |
11814 | David Strauss, Eelco Dolstra, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, | |
11815 | Lukas Nykryn, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Paul Menzel, | |
11816 | Shawn Landden, Tom Gundersen | |
b5b4c94a | 11817 | |
2d197285 | 11818 | CHANGES WITH 185: |
b6a86739 | 11819 | |
2d197285 KS |
11820 | * "systemctl help <unit>" now shows the man page if one is |
11821 | available. | |
11822 | ||
11823 | * Several new man pages have been added. | |
11824 | ||
b5b4c94a LP |
11825 | * MaxLevelStore=, MaxLevelSyslog=, MaxLevelKMsg=, |
11826 | MaxLevelConsole= can now be specified in | |
11827 | journald.conf. These options allow reducing the amount of | |
11828 | data stored on disk or forwarded by the log level. | |
2d197285 | 11829 | |
b5b4c94a LP |
11830 | * TimerSlackNSec= can now be specified in system.conf for |
11831 | PID1. This allows system-wide power savings. | |
2d197285 KS |
11832 | |
11833 | Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lauri Kasanen, | |
11834 | Lennart Poettering, Malte Starostik, Marc-Antoine Perennou, | |
11835 | Matthias Clasen | |
11836 | ||
4c8cd173 | 11837 | CHANGES WITH 184: |
b6a86739 | 11838 | |
4c8cd173 LP |
11839 | * logind is now capable of (optionally) handling power and |
11840 | sleep keys as well as the lid switch. | |
11841 | ||
11842 | * journalctl now understands the syntax "journalctl | |
11843 | /usr/bin/avahi-daemon" to get all log output of a specific | |
11844 | daemon. | |
11845 | ||
11846 | * CapabilityBoundingSet= in system.conf now also influences | |
11847 | the capability bound set of usermode helpers of the kernel. | |
11848 | ||
11849 | Contributions from: Daniel Drake, Daniel J. Walsh, Gert | |
11850 | Michael Kulyk, Harald Hoyer, Jean Delvare, Kay Sievers, | |
11851 | Lennart Poettering, Matthew Garrett, Matthias Clasen, Paul | |
11852 | Menzel, Shawn Landden, Tero Roponen, Tom Gundersen | |
11853 | ||
ea5943d3 | 11854 | CHANGES WITH 183: |
b6a86739 | 11855 | |
187076d4 LP |
11856 | * Note that we skipped 139 releases here in order to set the |
11857 | new version to something that is greater than both udev's | |
11858 | and systemd's most recent version number. | |
11859 | ||
194bbe33 KS |
11860 | * udev: all udev sources are merged into the systemd source tree now. |
11861 | All future udev development will happen in the systemd tree. It | |
11862 | is still fully supported to use the udev daemon and tools without | |
11863 | systemd running, like in initramfs or other init systems. Building | |
11864 | udev though, will require the *build* of the systemd tree, but | |
ea5943d3 | 11865 | udev can be properly *run* without systemd. |
07cd4fc1 | 11866 | |
91cf7e5c | 11867 | * udev: /lib/udev/devices/ are not read anymore; systemd-tmpfiles |
f13b388f KS |
11868 | should be used to create dead device nodes as workarounds for broken |
11869 | subsystems. | |
64661ee7 | 11870 | |
1d3a473b | 11871 | * udev: RUN+="socket:…" and udev_monitor_new_from_socket() is |
2d13da88 KS |
11872 | no longer supported. udev_monitor_new_from_netlink() needs to be |
11873 | used to subscribe to events. | |
11874 | ||
194bbe33 KS |
11875 | * udev: when udevd is started by systemd, processes which are left |
11876 | behind by forking them off of udev rules, are unconditionally cleaned | |
11877 | up and killed now after the event handling has finished. Services or | |
11878 | daemons must be started as systemd services. Services can be | |
ea5943d3 | 11879 | pulled-in by udev to get started, but they can no longer be directly |
194bbe33 KS |
11880 | forked by udev rules. |
11881 | ||
f13b388f KS |
11882 | * udev: the daemon binary is called systemd-udevd now and installed |
11883 | in /usr/lib/systemd/. Standalone builds or non-systemd systems need | |
11884 | to adapt to that, create symlink, or rename the binary after building | |
11885 | it. | |
11886 | ||
ea5943d3 | 11887 | * libudev no longer provides these symbols: |
c1959569 KS |
11888 | udev_monitor_from_socket() |
11889 | udev_queue_get_failed_list_entry() | |
11890 | udev_get_{dev,sys,run}_path() | |
ea5943d3 | 11891 | The versions number was bumped and symbol versioning introduced. |
c1959569 | 11892 | |
ea5943d3 | 11893 | * systemd-loginctl and systemd-journalctl have been renamed |
9ae9afce | 11894 | to loginctl and journalctl to match systemctl. |
18b754d3 KS |
11895 | |
11896 | * The config files: /etc/systemd/systemd-logind.conf and | |
11897 | /etc/systemd/systemd-journald.conf have been renamed to | |
11898 | logind.conf and journald.conf. Package updates should rename | |
11899 | the files to the new names on upgrade. | |
11900 | ||
ea5943d3 LP |
11901 | * For almost all files the license is now LGPL2.1+, changed |
11902 | from the previous GPL2.0+. Exceptions are some minor stuff | |
11903 | of udev (which will be changed to LGPL2.1 eventually, too), | |
11904 | and the MIT licensed sd-daemon.[ch] library that is suitable | |
11905 | to be used as drop-in files. | |
11906 | ||
11907 | * systemd and logind now handle system sleep states, in | |
49f43d5f | 11908 | particular suspending and hibernating. |
ea5943d3 LP |
11909 | |
11910 | * logind now implements a sleep/shutdown/idle inhibiting logic | |
11911 | suitable for a variety of uses. Soonishly Lennart will blog | |
11912 | about this in more detail. | |
11913 | ||
11914 | * var-run.mount and var-lock.mount are no longer provided | |
ce830873 | 11915 | (which previously bind mounted these directories to their new |
ea5943d3 LP |
11916 | places). Distributions which have not converted these |
11917 | directories to symlinks should consider stealing these files | |
11918 | from git history and add them downstream. | |
11919 | ||
11920 | * We introduced the Documentation= field for units and added | |
11921 | this to all our shipped units. This is useful to make it | |
3943231c | 11922 | easier to explore the boot and the purpose of the various |
ea5943d3 LP |
11923 | units. |
11924 | ||
11925 | * All smaller setup units (such as | |
11926 | systemd-vconsole-setup.service) now detect properly if they | |
11927 | are run in a container and are skipped when | |
11928 | appropriate. This guarantees an entirely noise-free boot in | |
11929 | Linux container environments such as systemd-nspawn. | |
11930 | ||
11931 | * A framework for implementing offline system updates is now | |
11932 | integrated, for details see: | |
c6749ba5 | 11933 | https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/SystemUpdates |
ea5943d3 LP |
11934 | |
11935 | * A new service type Type=idle is available now which helps us | |
11936 | avoiding ugly interleaving of getty output and boot status | |
11937 | messages. | |
11938 | ||
439d6dfd LP |
11939 | * There's now a system-wide CapabilityBoundingSet= option to |
11940 | globally reduce the set of capabilities for the | |
ea5943d3 LP |
11941 | system. This is useful to drop CAP_SYS_MKNOD, CAP_SYS_RAWIO, |
11942 | CAP_NET_RAW, CAP_SYS_MODULE, CAP_SYS_TIME, CAP_SYS_PTRACE or | |
11943 | even CAP_NET_ADMIN system-wide for secure systems. | |
11944 | ||
11945 | * There are now system-wide DefaultLimitXXX= options to | |
11946 | globally change the defaults of the various resource limits | |
11947 | for all units started by PID 1. | |
11948 | ||
11949 | * Harald Hoyer's systemd test suite has been integrated into | |
11950 | systemd which allows easy testing of systemd builds in qemu | |
11951 | and nspawn. (This is really awesome! Ask us for details!) | |
11952 | ||
3943231c LP |
11953 | * The fstab parser is now implemented as generator, not inside |
11954 | of PID 1 anymore. | |
ea5943d3 LP |
11955 | |
11956 | * systemctl will now warn you if .mount units generated from | |
11957 | /etc/fstab are out of date due to changes in fstab that | |
d28315e4 | 11958 | have not been read by systemd yet. |
ea5943d3 LP |
11959 | |
11960 | * systemd is now suitable for usage in initrds. Dracut has | |
11961 | already been updated to make use of this. With this in place | |
11962 | initrds get a slight bit faster but primarily are much | |
11963 | easier to introspect and debug since "systemctl status" in | |
11964 | the host system can be used to introspect initrd services, | |
11965 | and the journal from the initrd is kept around too. | |
11966 | ||
11967 | * systemd-delta has been added, a tool to explore differences | |
11968 | between user/admin configuration and vendor defaults. | |
11969 | ||
11970 | * PrivateTmp= now affects both /tmp and /var/tmp. | |
11971 | ||
11972 | * Boot time status messages are now much prettier and feature | |
11973 | proper english language. Booting up systemd has never been | |
11974 | so sexy. | |
11975 | ||
11976 | * Read-ahead pack files now include the inode number of all | |
11977 | files to pre-cache. When the inode changes the pre-caching | |
11978 | is not attempted. This should be nicer to deal with updated | |
11979 | packages which might result in changes of read-ahead | |
11980 | patterns. | |
11981 | ||
11982 | * We now temporaritly lower the kernel's read_ahead_kb variable | |
11983 | when collecting read-ahead data to ensure the kernel's | |
11984 | built-in read-ahead does not add noise to our measurements | |
11985 | of necessary blocks to pre-cache. | |
11986 | ||
11987 | * There's now RequiresMountsFor= to add automatic dependencies | |
11988 | for all mounts necessary for a specific file system path. | |
11989 | ||
11990 | * MountAuto= and SwapAuto= have been removed from | |
11991 | system.conf. Mounting file systems at boot has to take place | |
11992 | in systemd now. | |
11993 | ||
11994 | * nspawn now learned a new switch --uuid= to set the machine | |
11995 | ID on the command line. | |
11996 | ||
f8c0a2cb | 11997 | * nspawn now learned the -b switch to automatically search |
ea5943d3 LP |
11998 | for an init system. |
11999 | ||
12000 | * vt102 is now the default TERM for serial TTYs, upgraded from | |
12001 | vt100. | |
12002 | ||
12003 | * systemd-logind now works on VT-less systems. | |
12004 | ||
12005 | * The build tree has been reorganized. The individual | |
3943231c | 12006 | components now have directories of their own. |
ea5943d3 LP |
12007 | |
12008 | * A new condition type ConditionPathIsReadWrite= is now available. | |
12009 | ||
12010 | * nspawn learned the new -C switch to create cgroups for the | |
12011 | container in other hierarchies. | |
12012 | ||
12013 | * We now have support for hardware watchdogs, configurable in | |
12014 | system.conf. | |
12015 | ||
12016 | * The scheduled shutdown logic now has a public API. | |
12017 | ||
12018 | * We now mount /tmp as tmpfs by default, but this can be | |
12019 | masked and /etc/fstab can override it. | |
12020 | ||
d28315e4 | 12021 | * Since udisks does not make use of /media anymore we are not |
ea5943d3 LP |
12022 | mounting a tmpfs on it anymore. |
12023 | ||
12024 | * journalctl gained a new --local switch to only interleave | |
12025 | locally generated journal files. | |
12026 | ||
12027 | * We can now load the IMA policy at boot automatically. | |
12028 | ||
12029 | * The GTK tools have been split off into a systemd-ui. | |
12030 | ||
79849bf9 LP |
12031 | Contributions from: Andreas Schwab, Auke Kok, Ayan George, |
12032 | Colin Guthrie, Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Ward, Elan | |
12033 | Ruusamäe, Frederic Crozat, Gergely Nagy, Guillermo Vidal, | |
12034 | Hannes Reinecke, Harald Hoyer, Javier Jardón, Kay Sievers, | |
12035 | Lennart Poettering, Lucas De Marchi, Léo Gillot-Lamure, | |
12036 | Marc-Antoine Perennou, Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Maxim | |
12037 | A. Mikityanskiy, Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, Michal | |
12038 | Schmidt, Nis Martensen, Patrick McCarty, Roberto Sassu, Shawn | |
12039 | Landden, Sjoerd Simons, Sven Anders, Tollef Fog Heen, Tom | |
12040 | Gundersen | |
12041 | ||
16f1239e | 12042 | CHANGES WITH 44: |
b6a86739 | 12043 | |
16f1239e LP |
12044 | * This is mostly a bugfix release |
12045 | ||
12046 | * Support optional initialization of the machine ID from the | |
12047 | KVM or container configured UUID. | |
12048 | ||
12049 | * Support immediate reboots with "systemctl reboot -ff" | |
12050 | ||
12051 | * Show /etc/os-release data in systemd-analyze output | |
12052 | ||
ab06eef8 | 12053 | * Many bugfixes for the journal, including endianness fixes and |
16f1239e LP |
12054 | ensuring that disk space enforcement works |
12055 | ||
ce830873 | 12056 | * sd-login.h is C++ compatible again |
16f1239e LP |
12057 | |
12058 | * Extend the /etc/os-release format on request of the Debian | |
12059 | folks | |
12060 | ||
12061 | * We now refuse non-UTF8 strings used in various configuration | |
d28315e4 | 12062 | and unit files. This is done to ensure we do not pass invalid |
16f1239e LP |
12063 | data over D-Bus or expose it elsewhere. |
12064 | ||
12065 | * Register Mimo USB Screens as suitable for automatic seat | |
12066 | configuration | |
12067 | ||
12068 | * Read SELinux client context from journal clients in a race | |
12069 | free fashion | |
12070 | ||
12071 | * Reorder configuration file lookup order. /etc now always | |
12072 | overrides /run in order to allow the administrator to always | |
b938cb90 | 12073 | and unconditionally override vendor-supplied or |
16f1239e LP |
12074 | automatically generated data. |
12075 | ||
12076 | * The various user visible bits of the journal now have man | |
12077 | pages. We still lack man pages for the journal API calls | |
12078 | however. | |
12079 | ||
12080 | * We now ship all man pages in HTML format again in the | |
12081 | tarball. | |
12082 | ||
12083 | Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Dirk Eibach, Frederic | |
12084 | Crozat, Harald Hoyer, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Marti | |
12085 | Raudsepp, Michal Schmidt, Shawn Landden, Tero Roponen, Thierry | |
12086 | Reding | |
12087 | ||
437b7dee | 12088 | CHANGES WITH 43: |
b6a86739 | 12089 | |
437b7dee LP |
12090 | * This is mostly a bugfix release |
12091 | ||
12092 | * systems lacking /etc/os-release are no longer supported. | |
12093 | ||
12094 | * Various functionality updates to libsystemd-login.so | |
12095 | ||
45afd519 | 12096 | * Track class of PAM logins to distinguish greeters from |
437b7dee LP |
12097 | normal user logins. |
12098 | ||
12099 | Contributions from: Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Michael | |
12100 | Biebl | |
12101 | ||
204fa33c | 12102 | CHANGES WITH 42: |
b6a86739 | 12103 | |
204fa33c LP |
12104 | * This is an important bugfix release for v41. |
12105 | ||
12106 | * Building man pages is now optional which should be useful | |
12107 | for those building systemd from git but unwilling to install | |
12108 | xsltproc. | |
12109 | ||
12110 | * Watchdog support for supervising services is now usable. In | |
12111 | a future release support for hardware watchdogs | |
12112 | (i.e. /dev/watchdog) will be added building on this. | |
12113 | ||
12114 | * Service start rate limiting is now configurable and can be | |
12115 | turned off per service. When a start rate limit is hit a | |
12116 | reboot can automatically be triggered. | |
12117 | ||
12118 | * New CanReboot(), CanPowerOff() bus calls in systemd-logind. | |
12119 | ||
12120 | Contributions from: Benjamin Franzke, Bill Nottingham, | |
12121 | Frederic Crozat, Lennart Poettering, Michael Olbrich, Michal | |
12122 | Schmidt, Michał Górny, Piotr Drąg | |
12123 | ||
e0d25329 | 12124 | CHANGES WITH 41: |
b6a86739 | 12125 | |
e0d25329 KS |
12126 | * The systemd binary is installed /usr/lib/systemd/systemd now; |
12127 | An existing /sbin/init symlink needs to be adapted with the | |
12128 | package update. | |
12129 | ||
b13df964 LP |
12130 | * The code that loads kernel modules has been ported to invoke |
12131 | libkmod directly, instead of modprobe. This means we do not | |
12132 | support systems with module-init-tools anymore. | |
12133 | ||
12134 | * Watchdog support is now already useful, but still not | |
12135 | complete. | |
12136 | ||
12137 | * A new kernel command line option systemd.setenv= is | |
12138 | understood to set system wide environment variables | |
12139 | dynamically at boot. | |
12140 | ||
e9c1ea9d | 12141 | * We now limit the set of capabilities of systemd-journald. |
ccd07a08 | 12142 | |
353e12c2 LP |
12143 | * We now set SIGPIPE to ignore by default, since it only is |
12144 | useful in shell pipelines, and has little use in general | |
12145 | code. This can be disabled with IgnoreSIPIPE=no in unit | |
12146 | files. | |
12147 | ||
b13df964 LP |
12148 | Contributions from: Benjamin Franzke, Kay Sievers, Lennart |
12149 | Poettering, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Tom Gundersen, | |
12150 | William Douglas | |
12151 | ||
d26e4270 | 12152 | CHANGES WITH 40: |
b6a86739 | 12153 | |
d26e4270 LP |
12154 | * This is mostly a bugfix release |
12155 | ||
12156 | * We now expose the reason why a service failed in the | |
12157 | "Result" D-Bus property. | |
12158 | ||
12159 | * Rudimentary service watchdog support (will be completed over | |
12160 | the next few releases.) | |
12161 | ||
12162 | * When systemd forks off in order execute some service we will | |
12163 | now immediately changes its argv[0] to reflect which process | |
12164 | it will execute. This is useful to minimize the time window | |
12165 | with a generic argv[0], which makes bootcharts more useful | |
12166 | ||
b13df964 LP |
12167 | Contributions from: Alvaro Soliverez, Chris Paulson-Ellis, Kay |
12168 | Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, | |
12169 | Mike Kazantsev, Ray Strode | |
12170 | ||
220a21d3 | 12171 | CHANGES WITH 39: |
b6a86739 | 12172 | |
220a21d3 LP |
12173 | * This is mostly a test release, but incorporates many |
12174 | bugfixes. | |
12175 | ||
12176 | * New systemd-cgtop tool to show control groups by their | |
12177 | resource usage. | |
12178 | ||
12179 | * Linking against libacl for ACLs is optional again. If | |
12180 | disabled, support tracking device access for active logins | |
12181 | goes becomes unavailable, and so does access to the user | |
12182 | journals by the respective users. | |
12183 | ||
12184 | * If a group "adm" exists, journal files are automatically | |
12185 | owned by them, thus allow members of this group full access | |
12186 | to the system journal as well as all user journals. | |
12187 | ||
12188 | * The journal now stores the SELinux context of the logging | |
12189 | client for all entries. | |
12190 | ||
12191 | * Add C++ inclusion guards to all public headers | |
12192 | ||
12193 | * New output mode "cat" in the journal to print only text | |
12194 | messages, without any meta data like date or time. | |
12195 | ||
12196 | * Include tiny X server wrapper as a temporary stop-gap to | |
12197 | teach XOrg udev display enumeration. This is used by display | |
12198 | managers such as gdm, and will go away as soon as XOrg | |
12199 | learned native udev hotplugging for display devices. | |
12200 | ||
12201 | * Add new systemd-cat tool for executing arbitrary programs | |
12202 | with STDERR/STDOUT connected to the journal. Can also act as | |
12203 | BSD logger replacement, and does so by default. | |
12204 | ||
12205 | * Optionally store all locally generated coredumps in the | |
12206 | journal along with meta data. | |
12207 | ||
12208 | * systemd-tmpfiles learnt four new commands: n, L, c, b, for | |
12209 | writing short strings to files (for usage for /sys), and for | |
12210 | creating symlinks, character and block device nodes. | |
12211 | ||
12212 | * New unit file option ControlGroupPersistent= to make cgroups | |
12213 | persistent, following the mechanisms outlined in | |
56cadcb6 | 12214 | https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PaxControlGroups |
220a21d3 LP |
12215 | |
12216 | * Support multiple local RTCs in a sane way | |
12217 | ||
12218 | * No longer monopolize IO when replaying readahead data on | |
12219 | rotating disks, since we might starve non-file-system IO to | |
12220 | death, since fanotify() will not see accesses done by blkid, | |
12221 | or fsck. | |
12222 | ||
d28315e4 | 12223 | * Do not show kernel threads in systemd-cgls anymore, unless |
220a21d3 LP |
12224 | requested with new -k switch. |
12225 | ||
12226 | Contributions from: Dan Horák, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
12227 | Poettering, Michal Schmidt | |
12228 | ||
12229 | CHANGES WITH 38: | |
b6a86739 | 12230 | |
220a21d3 LP |
12231 | * This is mostly a test release, but incorporates many |
12232 | bugfixes. | |
12233 | ||
12234 | * The git repository moved to: | |
12235 | git://anongit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd | |
12236 | ssh://git.freedesktop.org/git/systemd/systemd | |
12237 | ||
12238 | * First release with the journal | |
12239 | http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/the-journal.html | |
12240 | ||
12241 | * The journal replaces both systemd-kmsg-syslogd and | |
12242 | systemd-stdout-bridge. | |
12243 | ||
12244 | * New sd_pid_get_unit() API call in libsystemd-logind | |
12245 | ||
12246 | * Many systemadm clean-ups | |
12247 | ||
12248 | * Introduce remote-fs-pre.target which is ordered before all | |
12249 | remote mounts and may be used to start services before all | |
12250 | remote mounts. | |
12251 | ||
12252 | * Added Mageia support | |
12253 | ||
12254 | * Add bash completion for systemd-loginctl | |
12255 | ||
12256 | * Actively monitor PID file creation for daemons which exit in | |
12257 | the parent process before having finished writing the PID | |
12258 | file in the daemon process. Daemons which do this need to be | |
12259 | fixed (i.e. PID file creation must have finished before the | |
12260 | parent exits), but we now react a bit more gracefully to them. | |
12261 | ||
12262 | * Add colourful boot output, mimicking the well-known output | |
12263 | of existing distributions. | |
12264 | ||
12265 | * New option PassCredentials= for socket units, for | |
12266 | compatibility with a recent kernel ABI breakage. | |
12267 | ||
12268 | * /etc/rc.local is now hooked in via a generator binary, and | |
12269 | thus will no longer act as synchronization point during | |
12270 | boot. | |
12271 | ||
12272 | * systemctl list-unit-files now supports --root=. | |
12273 | ||
12274 | * systemd-tmpfiles now understands two new commands: z, Z for | |
12275 | relabelling files according to the SELinux database. This is | |
12276 | useful to apply SELinux labels to specific files in /sys, | |
12277 | among other things. | |
12278 | ||
12279 | * Output of SysV services is now forwarded to both the console | |
12280 | and the journal by default, not only just the console. | |
12281 | ||
12282 | * New man pages for all APIs from libsystemd-login. | |
12283 | ||
ce830873 | 12284 | * The build tree got reorganized and the build system is a |
220a21d3 LP |
12285 | lot more modular allowing embedded setups to specifically |
12286 | select the components of systemd they are interested in. | |
12287 | ||
12288 | * Support for Linux systems lacking the kernel VT subsystem is | |
12289 | restored. | |
12290 | ||
12291 | * configure's --with-rootdir= got renamed to | |
12292 | --with-rootprefix= to follow the naming used by udev and | |
12293 | kmod | |
12294 | ||
d28315e4 | 12295 | * Unless specified otherwise we will now install to /usr instead |
220a21d3 LP |
12296 | of /usr/local by default. |
12297 | ||
12298 | * Processes with '@' in argv[0][0] are now excluded from the | |
12299 | final shut-down killing spree, following the logic explained | |
12300 | in: | |
56cadcb6 | 12301 | https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/RootStorageDaemons |
220a21d3 LP |
12302 | |
12303 | * All processes remaining in a service cgroup when we enter | |
12304 | the START or START_PRE states are now killed with | |
12305 | SIGKILL. That means it is no longer possible to spawn | |
12306 | background processes from ExecStart= lines (which was never | |
12307 | supported anyway, and bad style). | |
12308 | ||
12309 | * New PropagateReloadTo=/PropagateReloadFrom= options to bind | |
12310 | reloading of units together. | |
12311 | ||
4c8cd173 | 12312 | Contributions from: Bill Nottingham, Daniel J. Walsh, Dave |
220a21d3 LP |
12313 | Reisner, Dexter Morgan, Gregs Gregs, Jonathan Nieder, Kay |
12314 | Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Michael Biebl, Michal Schmidt, | |
12315 | Michał Górny, Ran Benita, Thomas Jarosch, Tim Waugh, Tollef | |
12316 | Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek |