]>
Commit | Line | Data |
---|---|---|
d657c51f | 1 | systemd System and Service Manager |
220a21d3 | 2 | |
481a0aa2 LP |
3 | CHANGES WITH 220: |
4 | ||
f7a73a25 DH |
5 | * The gudev library has been extracted into a separate repository |
6 | available at: https://git.gnome.org/browse/libgudev/ | |
7 | It is now managed as part of the Gnome project. Distributions | |
8 | are recommended to pass --disable-gudev to systemd and use | |
9 | gudev from the Gnome project instead. gudev is still included | |
10 | in systemd, for now. It will be removed soon, though. Please | |
11 | also see the announcement-thread on systemd-devel: | |
12 | http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2015-May/032070.html | |
13 | ||
481a0aa2 LP |
14 | * systemd now exposes a CPUUsageNSec= property for each |
15 | service unit on the bus, that contains the overall consumed | |
16 | CPU time of a service (the sum of what each process of the | |
17 | service consumed). This value is only available if | |
18 | CPUAccounting= is turned on for a service, and is then shown | |
19 | in the "systemctl status" output. | |
20 | ||
21 | * Support for configuring alternative mappings of the old SysV | |
22 | runlevels to systemd targets has been removed. They are now | |
29d1fcb4 | 23 | hardcoded in a way that runlevels 2, 3, 4 all map to |
481a0aa2 LP |
24 | multi-user.target and 5 to graphical.target (which |
25 | previously was already the default behaviour). | |
26 | ||
27 | * The auto-mounter logic gained support for mount point | |
28 | expiry, using a new TimeoutIdleSec= setting in .automount | |
29 | units. (Also available as x-systemd.idle-timeout= in /etc/fstab). | |
30 | ||
31 | * The EFI System Partition (ESP) as mounted to /boot by | |
32 | systemd-efi-boot-generator will now be unmounted | |
29d1fcb4 | 33 | automatically after 2 minutes of not being used. This should |
481a0aa2 LP |
34 | minimize the risk of ESP corruptions. |
35 | ||
36 | * New /etc/fstab options x-systemd.requires= and | |
37 | x-systemd.requires-mounts-for= are now supported to express | |
38 | additional dependencies for mounts. This is useful for | |
39 | journalling file systems that support external journal | |
40 | devices or overlay file systems that require underlying file | |
41 | systems to be mounted. | |
42 | ||
43 | * systemd does not support direct live-upgrades (via systemctl | |
44 | daemon-reexec) from versions older than v44 anymore. As no | |
45 | distribution we are aware of shipped such old versions in a | |
46 | stable release this should not be problematic. | |
47 | ||
48 | * When systemd forks off a new per-connection service instance | |
49 | it will now set the $REMOTE_ADDR environment variable to the | |
50 | remote IP address, and $REMOTE_PORT environment variable to | |
51 | the remote IP port. This behaviour is similar to the | |
52 | corresponding environment variables defined by CGI. | |
53 | ||
54 | * systemd-networkd gained support for uplink failure | |
55 | detection. The BindCarrier= option allows binding interface | |
56 | configuration dynamically to the link sense of other | |
57 | interfaces. This is useful to achieve behaviour like in | |
58 | network switches. | |
59 | ||
60 | * systemd-networkd gained support for configuring the DHCP | |
61 | client identifier to use when requesting leases. | |
62 | ||
63 | * systemd-networkd now has a per-network UseNTP= option to | |
64 | configure whether NTP server information acquired via DHCP | |
65 | is passed on to services like systemd-timesyncd. | |
66 | ||
67 | * systemd-networkd gained support for vti6 tunnels. | |
68 | ||
1579dd2c LP |
69 | * Note that systemd-networkd manages the sysctl variable |
70 | /proc/sys/net/ipv[46]/conf/*/forwarding for each interface | |
71 | it is configured for since v219. The variable controls IP | |
72 | forwarding, and is a per-interface alternative to the global | |
73 | /proc/sys/net/ipv[46]/ip_forward. This setting is | |
74 | configurable in the IPForward= option, which defaults to | |
75 | "no". This means if networkd is used for an interface it is | |
76 | no longer sufficient to set the global sysctl option to turn | |
77 | on IP forwarding! Instead, the .network file option | |
78 | IPForward= needs to be turned on! Note that the | |
79 | implementation of this behaviour was broken in v219 and has | |
80 | been fixed in v220. | |
81 | ||
481a0aa2 LP |
82 | * Many bonding and vxlan options are now configurable in |
83 | systemd-networkd. | |
84 | ||
85 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --property= setting to set unit | |
86 | properties for the container scope. This is useful for | |
87 | setting resource parameters (e.g "CPUShares=500") on | |
88 | containers started from the command line. | |
89 | ||
90 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --private-users= switch to make | |
91 | use of user namespacing available on recent Linux kernels. | |
92 | ||
93 | * systemd-nspawn may now be called as part of a shell pipeline | |
94 | in which case the pipes used for stdin and stdout are passed | |
95 | directly to the process invoked in the container, without | |
96 | indirection via a pseudo tty. | |
97 | ||
98 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new switch to control the UNIX | |
99 | signal to use when killing the init process of the container | |
100 | when shutting down. | |
101 | ||
102 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --overlay= switch for mounting | |
103 | overlay file systems into the container using the new kernel | |
104 | overlayfs support. | |
105 | ||
106 | * When a container image is imported via systemd-importd and | |
107 | the host file system is not btrfs, a loopback block device | |
108 | file is created in /var/lib/machines.raw with a btrfs file | |
109 | system inside. It is then mounted to /var/lib/machines to | |
110 | enable btrfs features for container management. The loopback | |
111 | file and btrfs file system is grown as needed when container | |
112 | images are imported via systemd-importd. | |
113 | ||
114 | * systemd-machined/systemd-importd gained support for btrfs | |
115 | quota, to enforce container disk space limits on disk. This | |
116 | is exposed in "machinectl set-limit". | |
117 | ||
118 | * systemd-importd now can import containers from local .tar, | |
119 | .raw and .qcow2 images, and export them to .tar and .raw. It | |
120 | can also import dkr v2 images now from the network (on top | |
121 | of v1 as before). | |
122 | ||
123 | * systemd-importd gained support for verifying downloaded | |
124 | images with gpg2 (previously only gpg1 was supported). | |
125 | ||
126 | * systemd-machined, systemd-logind, systemd: most bus calls | |
127 | are now accessible to unprivileged processes via | |
128 | PolicyKit. Also, systemd-logind will now allow users to kill | |
129 | their own sessions without further privileges or | |
130 | authorization. | |
131 | ||
132 | * systemd-shutdownd has been removed. This service was | |
133 | previously responsible for implementing scheduled shutdowns | |
134 | as exposed in /usr/bin/shutdown's time parameter. This | |
135 | functionality has now been moved into systemd-logind and is | |
136 | accessible via a bus interface. | |
137 | ||
138 | * "systemctl reboot" gained a new switch --firmware-setup that | |
139 | can be used to reboot into the EFI firmware setup, if that | |
140 | is available. systemd-logind now exposes an API on the bus | |
141 | to trigger such reboots, in case graphical desktop UIs want | |
142 | to cover this functionality. | |
143 | ||
144 | * "systemctl enable", "systemctl disable" and "systemctl mask" | |
1579dd2c | 145 | now support a new "--now" switch. If specified the units |
481a0aa2 LP |
146 | that are enabled will also be started, and the ones |
147 | disabled/masked also stopped. | |
148 | ||
149 | * The Gummiboot EFI boot loader tool has been merged into | |
1a2d5fbe DH |
150 | systemd, and renamed to "systemd-boot". The bootctl tool has been |
151 | updated to support systemd-boot. | |
481a0aa2 LP |
152 | |
153 | * An EFI kernel stub has been added that may be used to create | |
154 | kernel EFI binaries that contain not only the actual kernel, | |
155 | but also an initrd, boot splash, command line and OS release | |
156 | information. This combined binary can then be signed as a | |
157 | single image, so that the firmware can verify it all in one | |
1a2d5fbe | 158 | step. systemd-boot has special support for EFI binaries created |
481a0aa2 LP |
159 | like this and can extract OS release information from them |
160 | and show them in the boot menu. This functionality is useful | |
161 | to implement cryptographically verified boot schemes. | |
162 | ||
163 | * Optional support has been added to systemd-fsck to pass | |
164 | fsck's progress report to an AF_UNIX socket in the file | |
165 | system. | |
166 | ||
167 | * udev will no longer create device symlinks for all block | |
168 | devices by default. A blacklist for excluding special block | |
169 | devices from this logic has been turned into a whitelist | |
170 | that requires picking block devices explicitly that require | |
171 | device symlinks. | |
172 | ||
173 | * A new (currently still internal) API sd-device.h has been | |
174 | added to libsystemd. This modernized API is supposed to | |
175 | replace libudev eventually. In fact, already much of libudev | |
176 | is now just a wrapper around sd-device.h. | |
177 | ||
178 | * A new hwdb database for storing metadata about pointing | |
179 | stick devices has been added. | |
180 | ||
181 | * systemd-tmpfiles gained support for setting file attributes | |
182 | similar to the "chattr" tool with new 'h' and 'H' lines. | |
183 | ||
184 | * systemd-journald will no longer unconditionally set the | |
185 | btrfs NOCOW flag on new journal files. This is instead done | |
186 | with tmpfiles snippet using the new 'h' line type. This | |
187 | allows easy disabling of this logic, by masking the | |
188 | journal-nocow.conf tmpfiles file. | |
189 | ||
190 | * systemd-journald will now translate audit message types to | |
191 | human readable identifiers when writing them to the | |
192 | journal. This should improve readability of audit messages. | |
193 | ||
194 | * The LUKS logic gained support for the offset= and skip= | |
195 | options in /etc/crypttab, as previously implemented by | |
196 | Debian. | |
197 | ||
198 | * /usr/lib/os-release gained a new optional field VARIANT= for | |
199 | distributions that support multiple variants (such as a | |
200 | desktop edition, a server edition, ...) | |
201 | ||
202 | Contributions from: Aaro Koskinen, Adam Goode, Alban Crequy, | |
203 | Alberto Fanjul Alonso, Alexander Sverdlin, Alex Puchades, Alin | |
204 | Rauta, Alison Chaiken, Andrew Jones, Arend van Spriel, | |
205 | Benedikt Morbach, Benjamin Franzke, Benjamin Tissoires, Blaž | |
206 | Tomažič, Chris Morgan, Chris Morin, Colin Walters, Cristian | |
207 | Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Daniel Drake, Daniele Medri, Daniel | |
208 | Mack, Daniel Mustieles, daurnimator, Davide Bettio, David | |
209 | Herrmann, David Strauss, Didier Roche, Dimitri John Ledkov, | |
210 | Eric Cook, Gavin Li, Goffredo Baroncelli, Hannes Reinecke, | |
211 | Hans de Goede, Hans-Peter Deifel, Harald Hoyer, Iago López | |
212 | Galeiras, Ivan Shapovalov, Jan Engelhardt, Jan Janssen, Jan | |
213 | Pazdziora, Jan Synacek, Jasper St. Pierre, Jay Faulkner, John | |
214 | Paul Adrian Glaubitz, Jonathon Gilbert, Karel Zak, Kay | |
215 | Sievers, Koen Kooi, Lennart Poettering, Lubomir Rintel, Lucas | |
216 | De Marchi, Lukas Nykryn, Lukas Rusak, Lukasz Skalski, Łukasz | |
217 | Stelmach, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc-Antoine Perennou, Marcel | |
218 | Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Mathieu Chevrier, Matthew Garrett, | |
219 | Michael Biebl, Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Michal | |
220 | Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Mirco Tischler, Nir Soffer, Patrik | |
221 | Flykt, Pavel Odvody, Peter Hutterer, Peter Lemenkov, Peter | |
222 | Waller, Piotr Drąg, Raul Gutierrez S, Richard Maw, Ronny | |
223 | Chevalier, Ross Burton, Sebastian Rasmussen, Sergey Ptashnick, | |
224 | Seth Jennings, Shawn Landden, Simon Farnsworth, Stefan Junker, | |
225 | Stephen Gallagher, Susant Sahani, Sylvain Plantefève, Thomas | |
226 | Haller, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tobias Hunger, Tom | |
227 | Gundersen, Torstein Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Will | |
228 | Woods, Zachary Cook, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
229 | ||
39315f9f | 230 | -- Berlin, 2015-05-22 |
481a0aa2 | 231 | |
615aaf41 LP |
232 | CHANGES WITH 219: |
233 | ||
615aaf41 LP |
234 | * Introduce a new API "sd-hwdb.h" for querying the hardware |
235 | metadata database. With this minimal interface one can query | |
236 | and enumerate the udev hwdb, decoupled from the old libudev | |
237 | library. libudev's interface for this is now only a wrapper | |
238 | around sd-hwdb. A new tool systemd-hwdb has been added to | |
239 | interface with and update the database. | |
240 | ||
241 | * When any of systemd's tools copies files (for example due to | |
242 | tmpfiles' C lines) a btrfs reflink will attempted first, | |
243 | before bytewise copying is done. | |
244 | ||
245 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --ephemeral switch. When | |
246 | specified a btrfs snapshot is taken of the container's root | |
247 | directory, and immediately removed when the container | |
248 | terminates again. Thus, a container can be started whose | |
249 | changes never alter the container's root directory, and are | |
250 | lost on container termination. This switch can also be used | |
251 | for starting a container off the root file system of the | |
252 | host without affecting the host OS. This switch is only | |
253 | available on btrfs file systems. | |
254 | ||
255 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --template= switch. It takes the | |
256 | path to a container tree to use as template for the tree | |
7edecf21 | 257 | specified via --directory=, should that directory be |
615aaf41 LP |
258 | missing. This allows instantiating containers dynamically, |
259 | on first run. This switch is only available on btrfs file | |
260 | systems. | |
261 | ||
262 | * When a .mount unit refers to a mount point on which multiple | |
263 | mounts are stacked, and the .mount unit is stopped all of | |
264 | the stacked mount points will now be unmounted until no | |
265 | mount point remains. | |
266 | ||
267 | * systemd now has an explicit notion of supported and | |
268 | unsupported unit types. Jobs enqueued for unsupported unit | |
269 | types will now fail with an "unsupported" error code. More | |
270 | specifically .swap, .automount and .device units are not | |
271 | supported in containers, .busname units are not supported on | |
272 | non-kdbus systems. .swap and .automount are also not | |
273 | supported if their respective kernel compile time options | |
274 | are disabled. | |
275 | ||
276 | * machinectl gained support for two new "copy-from" and | |
277 | "copy-to" commands for copying files from a running | |
278 | container to the host or vice versa. | |
279 | ||
280 | * machinectl gained support for a new "bind" command to bind | |
281 | mount host directories into local containers. This is | |
282 | currently only supported for nspawn containers. | |
283 | ||
284 | * networkd gained support for configuring bridge forwarding | |
285 | database entries (fdb) from .network files. | |
286 | ||
287 | * A new tiny daemon "systemd-importd" has been added that can | |
288 | download container images in tar, raw, qcow2 or dkr formats, | |
289 | and make them available locally in /var/lib/machines, so | |
290 | that they can run as nspawn containers. The daemon can GPG | |
291 | verify the downloads (not supported for dkr, since it has no | |
292 | provisions for verifying downloads). It will transparently | |
293 | decompress bz2, xz, gzip compressed downloads if necessary, | |
294 | and restore sparse files on disk. The daemon uses privilege | |
295 | separation to ensure the actual download logic runs with | |
296 | fewer privileges than the deamon itself. machinectl has | |
297 | gained new commands "pull-tar", "pull-raw" and "pull-dkr" to | |
298 | make the functionality of importd available to the | |
299 | user. With this in place the Fedora and Ubuntu "Cloud" | |
300 | images can be downloaded and booted as containers unmodified | |
301 | (the Fedora images lack the appropriate GPG signature files | |
302 | currently, so they cannot be verified, but this will change | |
303 | soon, hopefully). Note that downloading images is currently | |
304 | only fully supported on btrfs. | |
305 | ||
306 | * machinectl is now able to list container images found in | |
307 | /var/lib/machines, along with some metadata about sizes of | |
308 | disk and similar. If the directory is located on btrfs and | |
309 | quota is enabled, this includes quota display. A new command | |
310 | "image-status" has been added that shows additional | |
311 | information about images. | |
312 | ||
313 | * machinectl is now able to clone container images | |
314 | efficiently, if the underlying file system (btrfs) supports | |
315 | it, with the new "machinectl list-images" command. It also | |
316 | gained commands for renaming and removing images, as well as | |
317 | marking them read-only or read-write (supported also on | |
318 | legacy file systems). | |
319 | ||
320 | * networkd gained support for collecting LLDP network | |
321 | announcements, from hardware that supports this. This is | |
322 | shown in networkctl output. | |
323 | ||
324 | * systemd-run gained support for a new -t (--pty) switch for | |
325 | invoking a binary on a pty whose input and output is | |
326 | connected to the invoking terminal. This allows executing | |
327 | processes as system services while interactively | |
328 | communicating with them via the terminal. Most interestingly | |
329 | this is supported across container boundaries. Invoking | |
330 | "systemd-run -t /bin/bash" is an alternative to running a | |
331 | full login session, the difference being that the former | |
332 | will not register a session, nor go through the PAM session | |
333 | setup. | |
334 | ||
335 | * tmpfiles gained support for a new "v" line type for creating | |
336 | btrfs subvolumes. If the underlying file system is a legacy | |
337 | file system, this automatically degrades to creating a | |
338 | normal directory. Among others /var/lib/machines is now | |
339 | created like this at boot, should it be missing. | |
340 | ||
341 | * The directory /var/lib/containers/ has been deprecated and | |
342 | been replaced by /var/lib/machines. The term "machines" has | |
343 | been used in the systemd context as generic term for both | |
344 | VMs and containers, and hence appears more appropriate for | |
345 | this, as the directory can also contain raw images bootable | |
346 | via qemu/kvm. | |
347 | ||
348 | * systemd-nspawn when invoked with -M but without --directory= | |
349 | or --image= is now capable of searching for the container | |
350 | root directory, subvolume or disk image automatically, in | |
351 | /var/lib/machines. systemd-nspawn@.service has been updated | |
352 | to make use of this, thus allowing it to be used for raw | |
353 | disk images, too. | |
354 | ||
355 | * A new machines.target unit has been introduced that is | |
356 | supposed to group all containers/VMs invoked as services on | |
357 | the system. systemd-nspawn@.service has been updated to | |
358 | integrate with that. | |
359 | ||
360 | * machinectl gained a new "start" command, for invoking a | |
361 | container as a service. "machinectl start foo" is mostly | |
362 | equivalent to "systemctl start systemd-nspawn@foo.service", | |
363 | but handles escaping in a nicer way. | |
364 | ||
365 | * systemd-nspawn will now mount most of the cgroupfs tree | |
366 | read-only into each container, with the exception of the | |
367 | container's own subtree in the name=systemd hierarchy. | |
368 | ||
369 | * journald now sets the special FS_NOCOW file flag for its | |
370 | journal files. This should improve performance on btrfs, by | |
371 | avoiding heavy fragmentation when journald's write-pattern | |
372 | is used on COW file systems. It degrades btrfs' data | |
373 | integrity guarantees for the files to the same levels as for | |
374 | ext3/ext4 however. This should be OK though as journald does | |
375 | its own data integrity checks and all its objects are | |
376 | checksummed on disk. Also, journald should handle btrfs disk | |
377 | full events a lot more gracefully now, by processing SIGBUS | |
378 | errors, and not relying on fallocate() anymore. | |
379 | ||
380 | * When journald detects that journal files it is writing to | |
381 | have been deleted it will immediately start new journal | |
382 | files. | |
383 | ||
384 | * systemd now provides a way to store file descriptors | |
385 | per-service in PID 1.This is useful for daemons to ensure | |
386 | that fds they require are not lost during a daemon | |
387 | restart. The fds are passed to the deamon on the next | |
388 | invocation in the same way socket activation fds are | |
389 | passed. This is now used by journald to ensure that the | |
390 | various sockets connected to all the system's stdout/stderr | |
391 | are not lost when journald is restarted. File descriptors | |
392 | may be stored in PID 1 via the sd_pid_notify_with_fds() API, | |
393 | an extension to sd_notify(). Note that a limit is enforced | |
394 | on the number of fds a service can store in PID 1, and it | |
395 | defaults to 0, so that no fds may be stored, unless this is | |
396 | explicitly turned on. | |
397 | ||
398 | * The default TERM variable to use for units connected to a | |
399 | terminal, when no other value is explicitly is set is now | |
400 | vt220 rather than vt102. This should be fairly safe still, | |
401 | but allows PgUp/PgDn work. | |
402 | ||
403 | * The /etc/crypttab option header= as known from Debian is now | |
404 | supported. | |
405 | ||
406 | * "loginctl user-status" and "loginctl session-status" will | |
407 | now show the last 10 lines of log messages of the | |
408 | user/session following the status output. Similar, | |
409 | "machinectl status" will show the last 10 log lines | |
410 | associated with a virtual machine or container | |
411 | service. (Note that this is usually not the log messages | |
412 | done in the VM/container itself, but simply what the | |
413 | container manager logs. For nspawn this includes all console | |
414 | output however.) | |
415 | ||
416 | * "loginctl session-status" without further argument will now | |
417 | show the status of the session of the caller. Similar, | |
418 | "lock-session", "unlock-session", "activate", | |
419 | "enable-linger", "disable-linger" may now be called without | |
420 | session/user parameter in which case they apply to the | |
421 | caller's session/user. | |
422 | ||
423 | * An X11 session scriptlet is now shipped that uploads | |
424 | $DISPLAY and $XAUTHORITY into the environment of the systemd | |
425 | --user daemon if a session begins. This should improve | |
426 | compatibility with X11 enabled applications run as systemd | |
427 | user services. | |
428 | ||
429 | * Generators are now subject to masking via /etc and /run, the | |
430 | same way as unit files. | |
431 | ||
432 | * networkd .network files gained support for configuring | |
433 | per-link IPv4/IPv6 packet forwarding as well as IPv4 | |
434 | masquerading. This is by default turned on for veth links to | |
435 | containers, as registered by systemd-nspawn. This means that | |
436 | nspawn containers run with --network-veth will now get | |
437 | automatic routed access to the host's networks without any | |
438 | further configuration or setup, as long as networkd runs on | |
439 | the host. | |
440 | ||
441 | * systemd-nspawn gained the --port= (-p) switch to expose TCP | |
442 | or UDP posts of a container on the host. With this in place | |
443 | it is possible to run containers with private veth links | |
444 | (--network-veth), and have their functionality exposed on | |
445 | the host as if their services were running directly on the | |
446 | host. | |
447 | ||
dd2fd155 | 448 | * systemd-nspawn's --network-veth switch now gained a short |
615aaf41 LP |
449 | version "-n", since with the changes above it is now truly |
450 | useful out-of-the-box. The systemd-nspawn@.service has been | |
451 | updated to make use of it too by default. | |
452 | ||
453 | * systemd-nspawn will now maintain a per-image R/W lock, to | |
454 | ensure that the same image is not started more than once | |
455 | writable. (It's OK to run an image multiple times | |
456 | simultaneously in read-only mode.) | |
457 | ||
458 | * systemd-nspawn's --image= option is now capable of | |
459 | dissecting and booting MBR and GPT disk images that contain | |
460 | only a single active Linux partition. Previously it | |
461 | supported only GPT disk images with proper GPT type | |
462 | IDs. This allows running cloud images from major | |
463 | distributions directly with systemd-nspawn, without | |
464 | modification. | |
465 | ||
466 | * In addition to collecting mouse dpi data in the udev | |
467 | hardware database, there's now support for collecting angle | |
468 | information for mouse scroll wheels. The database is | |
7edecf21 | 469 | supposed to guarantee similar scrolling behavior on mice |
615aaf41 LP |
470 | that it knows about. There's also support for collecting |
471 | information about Touchpad types. | |
472 | ||
473 | * udev's input_id built-in will now also collect touch screen | |
474 | dimension data and attach it to probed devices. | |
475 | ||
476 | * /etc/os-release gained support for a Distribution Privacy | |
477 | Policy link field. | |
478 | ||
479 | * networkd gained support for creating "ipvlan", "gretap", | |
480 | "ip6gre", "ip6gretap" and "ip6tnl" network devices. | |
481 | ||
482 | * systemd-tmpfiles gained support for "a" lines for setting | |
483 | ACLs on files. | |
484 | ||
485 | * systemd-nspawn will now mount /tmp in the container to | |
486 | tmpfs, automatically. | |
487 | ||
488 | * systemd now exposes the memory.usage_in_bytes cgroup | |
489 | attribute and shows it for each service in the "systemctl | |
490 | status" output, if available. | |
491 | ||
492 | * When the user presses Ctrl-Alt-Del more than 7x within 2s an | |
493 | immediate reboot is triggered. This useful if shutdown is | |
494 | hung and is unable to complete, to expedite the | |
495 | operation. Note that this kind of reboot will still unmount | |
496 | all file systems, and hence should not result in fsck being | |
497 | run on next reboot. | |
498 | ||
499 | * A .device unit for an optical block device will now be | |
500 | considered active only when a medium is in the drive. Also, | |
501 | mount units are now bound to their backing devices thus | |
502 | triggering automatic unmounting when devices become | |
503 | unavailable. With this in place systemd will now | |
504 | automatically unmount left-over mounts when a CD-ROM is | |
505 | ejected or an USB stick is yanked from the system. | |
506 | ||
507 | * networkd-wait-online now has support for waiting for | |
508 | specific interfaces only (with globbing), and for giving up | |
509 | after a configurable timeout. | |
510 | ||
511 | * networkd now exits when idle. It will be automatically | |
512 | restarted as soon as interfaces show up, are removed or | |
513 | change state. networkd will stay around as long as there is | |
514 | at least one DHCP state machine or similar around, that keep | |
515 | it non-idle. | |
516 | ||
517 | * networkd may now configure IPv6 link-local addressing in | |
518 | addition to IPv4 link-local addressing. | |
519 | ||
520 | * The IPv6 "token" for use in SLAAC may now be configured for | |
521 | each .network interface in networkd. | |
522 | ||
523 | * Routes configured with networkd may now be assigned a scope | |
524 | in .network files. | |
525 | ||
526 | * networkd's [Match] sections now support globbing and lists | |
527 | of multiple space-separated matches per item. | |
528 | ||
11ea2781 | 529 | Contributions from: Alban Crequy, Alin Rauta, Andrey Chaser, |
d2c643c6 LP |
530 | Bastien Nocera, Bruno Bottazzini, Carlos Garnacho, Carlos |
531 | Morata Castillo, Chris Atkinson, Chris J. Arges, Christian | |
532 | Kirbach, Christian Seiler, Christoph Brill, Colin Guthrie, | |
533 | Colin Walters, Cristian Rodríguez, Daniele Medri, Daniel Mack, | |
534 | Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Djalal Harouni, Erik Auerswald, | |
535 | Filipe Brandenburger, Frank Theile, Gabor Kelemen, Gabriel de | |
536 | Perthuis, Harald Hoyer, Hui Wang, Ivan Shapovalov, Jan | |
537 | Engelhardt, Jan Synacek, Jay Faulkner, Johannes Hölzl, Jonas | |
538 | Ådahl, Jonathan Boulle, Josef Andersson, Kay Sievers, Ken | |
539 | Werner, Lennart Poettering, Lucas De Marchi, Lukas Märdian, | |
540 | Lukas Nykryn, Lukasz Skalski, Luke Shumaker, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
541 | Manuel Mendez, Marcel Holtmann, Marc Schmitzer, Marko | |
542 | Myllynen, Martin Pitt, Maxim Mikityanskiy, Michael Biebl, | |
543 | Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Mindaugas | |
11ea2781 LP |
544 | Baranauskas, Moez Bouhlel, Naveen Kumar, Patrik Flykt, Paul |
545 | Martin, Peter Hutterer, Peter Mattern, Philippe De Swert, | |
546 | Piotr Drąg, Rafael Ferreira, Rami Rosen, Robert Milasan, Ronny | |
547 | Chevalier, Sangjung Woo, Sebastien Bacher, Sergey Ptashnick, | |
548 | Shawn Landden, Stéphane Graber, Susant Sahani, Sylvain | |
549 | Plantefève, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tim JP, Tom | |
550 | Gundersen, Topi Miettinen, Torstein Husebø, Umut Tezduyar | |
d2c643c6 LP |
551 | Lindskog, Veres Lajos, Vincent Batts, WaLyong Cho, Wieland |
552 | Hoffmann, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
11ea2781 | 553 | |
d2c643c6 | 554 | -- Berlin, 2015-02-16 |
11ea2781 | 555 | |
d4f5a1f4 DH |
556 | CHANGES WITH 218: |
557 | ||
f9e00a9f LP |
558 | * When querying unit file enablement status (for example via |
559 | "systemctl is-enabled"), a new state "indirect" is now known | |
560 | which indicates that a unit might not be enabled itself, but | |
561 | another unit listed in its Alias= setting might be. | |
562 | ||
563 | * Similar to the various existing ConditionXYZ= settings for | |
564 | units there are now matching AssertXYZ= settings. While | |
565 | failing conditions cause a unit to be skipped, but its job | |
566 | to succeed, failing assertions declared like this will cause | |
567 | a unit start operation and its job to fail. | |
568 | ||
569 | * hostnamed now knows a new chassis type "embedded". | |
570 | ||
571 | * systemctl gained a new "edit" command. When used on a unit | |
572 | file this allows extending unit files with .d/ drop-in | |
573 | configuration snippets or editing the full file (after | |
574 | copying it from /usr/lib to /etc). This will invoke the | |
575 | user's editor (as configured with $EDITOR), and reload the | |
576 | modified configuration after editing. | |
577 | ||
578 | * "systemctl status" now shows the suggested enablement state | |
579 | for a unit, as declared in the (usually vendor-supplied) | |
580 | system preset files. | |
581 | ||
582 | * nss-myhostname will now resolve the single-label host name | |
583 | "gateway" to the locally configured default IP routing | |
584 | gateways, ordered by their metrics. This assigns a stable | |
585 | name to the used gateways, regardless which ones are | |
586 | currently configured. Note that the name will only be | |
587 | resolved after all other name sources (if nss-myhostname is | |
588 | configured properly) and should hence not negatively impact | |
589 | systems that use the single-label host name "gateway" in | |
590 | other contexts. | |
591 | ||
592 | * systemd-inhibit now allows filtering by mode when listing | |
593 | inhibitors. | |
594 | ||
122676c9 LP |
595 | * Scope and service units gained a new "Delegate" boolean |
596 | property, which when set allows processes running inside the | |
597 | unit to further partition resources. This is primarily | |
598 | useful for systemd user instances as well as container | |
599 | managers. | |
f9e00a9f LP |
600 | |
601 | * journald will now pick up audit messages directly from | |
602 | the kernel, and log them like any other log message. The | |
603 | audit fields are split up and fully indexed. This means that | |
604 | journalctl in many ways is now a (nicer!) alternative to | |
605 | ausearch, the traditional audit client. Note that this | |
606 | implements only a minimal audit client, if you want the | |
607 | special audit modes like reboot-on-log-overflow, please use | |
608 | the traditional auditd instead, which can be used in | |
609 | parallel to journald. | |
610 | ||
611 | * The ConditionSecurity= unit file option now understands the | |
612 | special string "audit" to check whether auditing is | |
613 | available. | |
614 | ||
615 | * journalctl gained two new commands --vacuum-size= and | |
616 | --vacuum-time= to delete old journal files until the | |
617 | remaining ones take up no more the specified size on disk, | |
618 | or are not older than the specified time. | |
619 | ||
620 | * A new, native PPPoE library has been added to sd-network, | |
621 | systemd's library of light-weight networking protocols. This | |
622 | library will be used in a future version of networkd to | |
623 | enable PPPoE communication without an external pppd daemon. | |
624 | ||
625 | * The busctl tool now understands a new "capture" verb that | |
626 | works similar to "monitor", but writes a packet capture | |
627 | trace to STDOUT that can be redirected to a file which is | |
628 | compatible with libcap's capture file format. This can then | |
629 | be loaded in Wireshark and similar tools to inspect bus | |
630 | communication. | |
631 | ||
632 | * The busctl tool now understands a new "tree" verb that shows | |
633 | the object trees of a specific service on the bus, or of all | |
634 | services. | |
635 | ||
636 | * The busctl tool now understands a new "introspect" verb that | |
637 | shows all interfaces and members of objects on the bus, | |
638 | including their signature and values. This is particularly | |
639 | useful to get more information about bus objects shown by | |
640 | the new "busctl tree" command. | |
641 | ||
642 | * The busctl tool now understands new verbs "call", | |
643 | "set-property" and "get-property" for invoking bus method | |
644 | calls, setting and getting bus object properties in a | |
645 | friendly way. | |
646 | ||
647 | * busctl gained a new --augment-creds= argument that controls | |
648 | whether the tool shall augment credential information it | |
649 | gets from the bus with data from /proc, in a possibly | |
650 | race-ful way. | |
651 | ||
652 | * nspawn's --link-journal= switch gained two new values | |
653 | "try-guest" and "try-host" that work like "guest" and | |
17c29493 | 654 | "host", but do not fail if the host has no persistent |
f9e00a9f LP |
655 | journalling enabled. -j is now equivalent to |
656 | --link-journal=try-guest. | |
657 | ||
658 | * macvlan network devices created by nspawn will now have | |
659 | stable MAC addresses. | |
660 | ||
661 | * A new SmackProcessLabel= unit setting has been added, which | |
662 | controls the SMACK security label processes forked off by | |
663 | the respective unit shall use. | |
664 | ||
d4f5a1f4 DH |
665 | * If compiled with --enable-xkbcommon, systemd-localed will |
666 | verify x11 keymap settings by compiling the given keymap. It | |
667 | will spew out warnings if the compilation fails. This | |
668 | requires libxkbcommon to be installed. | |
669 | ||
f9e00a9f LP |
670 | * When a coredump is collected a larger number of metadata |
671 | fields is now collected and included in the journal records | |
672 | created for it. More specifically control group membership, | |
673 | environment variables, memory maps, working directory, | |
674 | chroot directory, /proc/$PID/status, and a list of open file | |
675 | descriptors is now stored in the log entry. | |
676 | ||
17c29493 | 677 | * The udev hwdb now contains DPI information for mice. For |
f9e00a9f LP |
678 | details see: |
679 | ||
680 | http://who-t.blogspot.de/2014/12/building-a-dpi-database-for-mice.html | |
681 | ||
682 | * All systemd programs that read standalone configuration | |
683 | files in /etc now also support a corresponding series of | |
997b2b43 JT |
684 | .conf.d configuration directories in /etc/, /run/, |
685 | /usr/local/lib/, /usr/lib/, and (if configured with | |
686 | --enable-split-usr) /lib/. In particular, the following | |
687 | configuration files now have corresponding configuration | |
688 | directories: system.conf user.conf, logind.conf, | |
689 | journald.conf, sleep.conf, bootchart.conf, coredump.conf, | |
690 | resolved.conf, timesyncd.conf, journal-remote.conf, and | |
691 | journal-upload.conf. Note that distributions should use the | |
692 | configuration directories in /usr/lib/; the directories in | |
693 | /etc/ are reserved for the system administrator. | |
694 | ||
f9e00a9f LP |
695 | * systemd-rfkill will no longer take the rfkill device name |
696 | into account when storing rfkill state on disk, as the name | |
697 | might be dynamically assigned and not stable. Instead, the | |
698 | ID_PATH udev variable combined with the rfkill type (wlan, | |
699 | bluetooth, ...) is used. | |
700 | ||
701 | * A new service systemd-machine-id-commit.service has been | |
702 | added. When used on systems where /etc is read-only during | |
703 | boot, and /etc/machine-id is not initialized (but an empty | |
704 | file), this service will copy the temporary machine ID | |
705 | created as replacement into /etc after the system is fully | |
706 | booted up. This is useful for systems that are freshly | |
707 | installed with a non-initialized machine ID, but should get | |
708 | a fixed machine ID for subsequent boots. | |
709 | ||
710 | * networkd's .netdev files now provide a large set of | |
711 | configuration parameters for VXLAN devices. Similar, the | |
712 | bridge port cost parameter is now configurable in .network | |
713 | files. There's also new support for configuring IP source | |
714 | routing. networkd .link files gained support for a new | |
715 | OriginalName= match that is useful to match against the | |
716 | original interface name the kernel assigned. .network files | |
717 | may include MTU= and MACAddress= fields for altering the MTU | |
718 | and MAC address while being connected to a specific network | |
719 | interface. | |
720 | ||
721 | * The LUKS logic gained supported for configuring | |
722 | UUID-specific key files. There's also new support for naming | |
723 | LUKS device from the kernel command line, using the new | |
724 | luks.name= argument. | |
725 | ||
726 | * Timer units may now be transiently created via the bus API | |
727 | (this was previously already available for scope and service | |
728 | units). In addition it is now possible to create multiple | |
729 | transient units at the same time with a single bus call. The | |
730 | "systemd-run" tool has been updated to make use of this for | |
731 | running commands on a specified time, in at(1)-style. | |
732 | ||
733 | * tmpfiles gained support for "t" lines, for assigning | |
734 | extended attributes to files. Among other uses this may be | |
735 | used to assign SMACK labels to files. | |
736 | ||
13e92f39 LP |
737 | Contributions from: Alin Rauta, Alison Chaiken, Andrej |
738 | Manduch, Bastien Nocera, Chris Atkinson, Chris Leech, Chris | |
739 | Mayo, Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters, Cristian Rodríguez, | |
740 | Daniele Medri, Daniel Mack, Dan Williams, Dan Winship, Dave | |
741 | Reisner, David Herrmann, Didier Roche, Felipe Sateler, Gavin | |
742 | Li, Hans de Goede, Harald Hoyer, Iago López Galeiras, Ivan | |
743 | Shapovalov, Jakub Filak, Jan Janssen, Jan Synacek, Joe | |
744 | Lawrence, Josh Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, | |
745 | Lukas Nykryn, Łukasz Stelmach, Maciej Wereski, Mantas | |
746 | Mikulėnas, Marcel Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Maurizio Lombardi, | |
747 | Michael Biebl, Michael Chapman, Michael Marineau, Michal | |
7da81d33 LP |
748 | Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Olivier Brunel, Patrik Flykt, Peter |
749 | Hutterer, Przemyslaw Kedzierski, Rami Rosen, Ray Strode, | |
750 | Richard Schütz, Richard W.M. Jones, Ronny Chevalier, Ross | |
751 | Lagerwall, Sean Young, Stanisław Pitucha, Susant Sahani, | |
752 | Thomas Haller, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, | |
753 | Torstein Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Vicente Olivert | |
754 | Riera, WaLyong Cho, Wesley Dawson, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
13e92f39 LP |
755 | |
756 | -- Berlin, 2014-12-10 | |
f9e00a9f | 757 | |
b62a309a ZJS |
758 | CHANGES WITH 217: |
759 | ||
78b6b7ce LP |
760 | * journalctl gained the new options -t/--identifier= to match |
761 | on the syslog identifier (aka "tag"), as well as --utc to | |
762 | show log timestamps in the UTC timezone. journalctl now also | |
763 | accepts -n/--lines=all to disable line capping in a pager. | |
b62a309a | 764 | |
a65b8245 ZJS |
765 | * journalctl gained a new switch, --flush, that synchronously |
766 | flushes logs from /run/log/journal to /var/log/journal if | |
767 | persistent storage is enabled. systemd-journal-flush.service | |
768 | now waits until the operation is complete. | |
2a97b03b | 769 | |
b62a309a ZJS |
770 | * Services can notify the manager before they start a reload |
771 | (by sending RELOADING=1) or shutdown (by sending | |
4bdc60cb LP |
772 | STOPPING=1). This allows the manager to track and show the |
773 | internal state of daemons and closes a race condition when | |
78b6b7ce | 774 | the process is still running but has closed its D-Bus |
4bdc60cb | 775 | connection. |
b62a309a | 776 | |
78b6b7ce LP |
777 | * Services with Type=oneshot do not have to have any ExecStart |
778 | commands anymore. | |
b62a309a ZJS |
779 | |
780 | * User units are now loaded also from | |
781 | $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/systemd/user/. This is similar to the | |
782 | /run/systemd/user directory that was already previously | |
783 | supported, but is under the control of the user. | |
784 | ||
4ffd29fd LP |
785 | * Job timeouts (i.e. time-outs on the time a job that is |
786 | queued stays in the run queue) can now optionally result in | |
787 | immediate reboot or power-off actions (JobTimeoutAction= and | |
788 | JobTimeoutRebootArgument=). This is useful on ".target" | |
789 | units, to limit the maximum time a target remains | |
790 | undispatched in the run queue, and to trigger an emergency | |
791 | operation in such a case. This is now used by default to | |
792 | turn off the system if boot-up (as defined by everything in | |
793 | basic.target) hangs and does not complete for at least | |
794 | 15min. Also, if power-off or reboot hang for at least 30min | |
795 | an immediate power-off/reboot operation is triggered. This | |
796 | functionality is particularly useful to increase reliability | |
797 | on embedded devices, but also on laptops which might | |
798 | accidentally get powered on when carried in a backpack and | |
799 | whose boot stays stuck in a hard disk encryption passphrase | |
800 | question. | |
801 | ||
b62a309a ZJS |
802 | * systemd-logind can be configured to also handle lid switch |
803 | events even when the machine is docked or multiple displays | |
804 | are attached (HandleLidSwitchDocked= option). | |
805 | ||
806 | * A helper binary and a service have been added which can be | |
807 | used to resume from hibernation in the initramfs. A | |
808 | generator will parse the resume= option on the kernel | |
81c7dd89 | 809 | command line to trigger resume. |
b62a309a | 810 | |
78b6b7ce LP |
811 | * A user console daemon systemd-consoled has been |
812 | added. Currently, it is a preview, and will so far open a | |
813 | single terminal on each session of the user marked as | |
09077149 | 814 | Desktop=systemd-console. |
b62a309a ZJS |
815 | |
816 | * Route metrics can be specified for DHCP routes added by | |
817 | systemd-networkd. | |
818 | ||
ba8df74b | 819 | * The SELinux context of socket-activated services can be set |
78b6b7ce | 820 | from the information provided by the networking stack |
b62a309a ZJS |
821 | (SELinuxContextFromNet= option). |
822 | ||
823 | * Userspace firmware loading support has been removed and | |
824 | the minimum supported kernel version is thus bumped to 3.7. | |
825 | ||
826 | * Timeout for udev workers has been increased from 1 to 3 | |
827 | minutes, but a warning will be printed after 1 minute to | |
828 | help diagnose kernel modules that take a long time to load. | |
829 | ||
78b6b7ce | 830 | * Udev rules can now remove tags on devices with TAG-="foobar". |
b62a309a | 831 | |
4bdc60cb | 832 | * systemd's readahead implementation has been removed. In many |
f6d1de85 | 833 | circumstances it didn't give expected benefits even for |
b62a309a | 834 | rotational disk drives and was becoming less relevant in the |
78b6b7ce LP |
835 | age of SSDs. As none of the developers has been using |
836 | rotating media anymore, and nobody stepped up to actively | |
837 | maintain this component of systemd it has now been removed. | |
b62a309a | 838 | |
c4ac9900 | 839 | * Swap units can use Options= to specify discard options. |
b62a309a ZJS |
840 | Discard options specified for swaps in /etc/fstab are now |
841 | respected. | |
842 | ||
843 | * Docker containers are now detected as a separate type of | |
844 | virtualization. | |
845 | ||
846 | * The Password Agent protocol gained support for queries where | |
ba8df74b | 847 | the user input is shown, useful e.g. for user names. |
78b6b7ce LP |
848 | systemd-ask-password gained a new --echo option to turn that |
849 | on. | |
b62a309a | 850 | |
e6c253e3 MS |
851 | * The default sysctl.d/ snippets will now set: |
852 | ||
853 | net.core.default_qdisc = fq_codel | |
854 | ||
ba8df74b KS |
855 | This selects Fair Queuing Controlled Delay as the default |
856 | queuing discipline for network interfaces. fq_codel helps | |
e6c253e3 MS |
857 | fight the network bufferbloat problem. It is believed to be |
858 | a good default with no tuning required for most workloads. | |
859 | Downstream distributions may override this choice. On 10Gbit | |
860 | servers that do not do forwarding, "fq" may perform better. | |
861 | Systems without a good clocksource should use "pfifo_fast". | |
862 | ||
4bdc60cb LP |
863 | * If kdbus is enabled during build a new option BusPolicy= is |
864 | available for service units, that allows locking all service | |
865 | processes into a stricter bus policy, in order to limit | |
866 | access to various bus services, or even hide most of them | |
867 | from the service's view entirely. | |
868 | ||
869 | * networkctl will now show the .network and .link file | |
870 | networkd has applied to a specific interface. | |
871 | ||
872 | * sd-login gained a new API call sd_session_get_desktop() to | |
873 | query which desktop environment has been selected for a | |
874 | session. | |
875 | ||
876 | * UNIX utmp support is now compile-time optional to support | |
877 | legacy-free systems. | |
878 | ||
78b6b7ce LP |
879 | * systemctl gained two new commands "add-wants" and |
880 | "add-requires" for pulling in units from specific targets | |
881 | easily. | |
882 | ||
883 | * If the word "rescue" is specified on the kernel command line | |
884 | the system will now boot into rescue mode (aka | |
885 | rescue.target), which was previously available only by | |
886 | specifying "1" or "systemd.unit=rescue.target" on the kernel | |
887 | command line. This new kernel command line option nicely | |
888 | mirrors the already existing "emergency" kernel command line | |
889 | option. | |
890 | ||
891 | * New kernel command line options mount.usr=, mount.usrflags=, | |
d4474c41 | 892 | mount.usrfstype= have been added that match root=, rootflags=, |
78b6b7ce LP |
893 | rootfstype= but allow mounting a specific file system to |
894 | /usr. | |
895 | ||
f6d1de85 | 896 | * The $NOTIFY_SOCKET is now also passed to control processes of |
78b6b7ce LP |
897 | services, not only the main process. |
898 | ||
899 | * This version reenables support for fsck's -l switch. This | |
900 | means at least version v2.25 of util-linux is required for | |
901 | operation, otherwise dead-locks on device nodes may | |
902 | occur. Again: you need to update util-linux to at least | |
903 | v2.25 when updating systemd to v217. | |
904 | ||
3769415e TT |
905 | * The "multi-seat-x" tool has been removed from systemd, as |
906 | its functionality has been integrated into X servers 1.16, | |
907 | and the tool is hence redundant. It is recommended to update | |
908 | display managers invoking this tool to simply invoke X | |
909 | directly from now on, again. | |
910 | ||
fae9332b LP |
911 | * Support for the new ALLOW_INTERACTIVE_AUTHORIZATION D-Bus |
912 | message flag has been added for all of systemd's PolicyKit | |
913 | authenticated method calls has been added. In particular | |
914 | this now allows optional interactive authorization via | |
ba8df74b | 915 | PolicyKit for many of PID1's privileged operations such as |
fae9332b LP |
916 | unit file enabling and disabling. |
917 | ||
cfa1571b LP |
918 | * "udevadm hwdb --update" learnt a new switch "--usr" for |
919 | placing the rebuilt hardware database in /usr instead of | |
920 | /etc. When used only hardware database entries stored in | |
921 | /usr will be used, and any user database entries in /etc are | |
922 | ignored. This functionality is useful for vendors to ship a | |
923 | pre-built database on systems where local configuration is | |
924 | unnecessary or unlikely. | |
925 | ||
7e63dd10 LP |
926 | * Calendar time specifications in .timer units now also |
927 | understand the strings "semi-annually", "quarterly" and | |
ba8df74b | 928 | "minutely" as shortcuts (in addition to the preexisting |
7e63dd10 LP |
929 | "anually", "hourly", ...). |
930 | ||
d4474c41 TG |
931 | * systemd-tmpfiles will now correctly create files in /dev |
932 | at boot which are marked for creation only at boot. It is | |
933 | recommended to always create static device nodes with 'c!' | |
934 | and 'b!', so that they are created only at boot and not | |
935 | overwritten at runtime. | |
936 | ||
3b187c5c LP |
937 | * When the watchdog logic is used for a service (WatchdogSec=) |
938 | and the watchdog timeout is hit the service will now be | |
939 | terminated with SIGABRT (instead of just SIGTERM), in order | |
940 | to make sure a proper coredump and backtrace is | |
941 | generated. This ensures that hanging services will result in | |
942 | similar coredump/backtrace behaviour as services that hit a | |
943 | segmentation fault. | |
944 | ||
4b08dd87 LP |
945 | Contributions from: Andreas Henriksson, Andrei Borzenkov, |
946 | Angus Gibson, Ansgar Burchardt, Ben Wolsieffer, Brandon L. | |
947 | Black, Christian Hesse, Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, | |
948 | Daniele Medri, Daniel Mack, Dan Williams, Dave Reisner, David | |
949 | Herrmann, David Sommerseth, David Strauss, Emil Renner | |
950 | Berthing, Eric Cook, Evangelos Foutras, Filipe Brandenburger, | |
951 | Gustavo Sverzut Barbieri, Hans de Goede, Harald Hoyer, Hristo | |
952 | Venev, Hugo Grostabussiat, Ivan Shapovalov, Jan Janssen, Jan | |
953 | Synacek, Jonathan Liu, Juho Son, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, Klaus | |
954 | Purer, Koen Kooi, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Lukasz | |
955 | Skalski, Łukasz Stelmach, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel Holtmann, | |
956 | Marius Tessmann, Marko Myllynen, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, | |
957 | Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Michael Scherer, Michal | |
958 | Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Miroslav Lichvar, Patrik Flykt, | |
959 | Philippe De Swert, Piotr Drąg, Rahul Sundaram, Richard | |
960 | Weinberger, Robert Milasan, Ronny Chevalier, Ruben Kerkhof, | |
961 | Santiago Vila, Sergey Ptashnick, Simon McVittie, Sjoerd | |
962 | Simons, Stefan Brüns, Steven Allen, Steven Noonan, Susant | |
963 | Sahani, Sylvain Plantefève, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, | |
964 | Timofey Titovets, Tobias Hunger, Tom Gundersen, Torstein | |
965 | Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, WaLyong Cho, Zbigniew | |
13e92f39 | 966 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek |
4b08dd87 LP |
967 | |
968 | -- Berlin, 2014-10-28 | |
969 | ||
b72ddf0f | 970 | CHANGES WITH 216: |
b2ca0d63 LP |
971 | |
972 | * timedated no longer reads NTP implementation unit names from | |
b72ddf0f | 973 | /usr/lib/systemd/ntp-units.d/*.list. Alternative NTP |
b2ca0d63 LP |
974 | implementations should add a |
975 | ||
b72ddf0f | 976 | Conflicts=systemd-timesyncd.service |
b2ca0d63 LP |
977 | |
978 | to their unit files to take over and replace systemd's NTP | |
979 | default functionality. | |
980 | ||
981 | * systemd-sysusers gained a new line type "r" for configuring | |
982 | which UID/GID ranges to allocate system users/groups | |
983 | from. Lines of type "u" may now add an additional column | |
984 | that specifies the home directory for the system user to be | |
985 | created. Also, systemd-sysusers may now optionally read user | |
986 | information from STDIN instead of a file. This is useful for | |
987 | invoking it from RPM preinst scriptlets that need to create | |
988 | users before the first RPM file is installed since these | |
989 | files might need to be owned by them. A new | |
990 | %sysusers_create_inline RPM macro has been introduced to do | |
991 | just that. systemd-sysusers now updates the shadow files as | |
992 | well as the user/group databases, which should enhance | |
993 | compatibility with certain tools like grpck. | |
994 | ||
995 | * A number of bus APIs of PID 1 now optionally consult | |
5f02e26c | 996 | PolicyKit to permit access for otherwise unprivileged |
b2ca0d63 LP |
997 | clients under certain conditions. Note that this currently |
998 | doesn't support interactive authentication yet, but this is | |
999 | expected to be added eventually, too. | |
1000 | ||
1001 | * /etc/machine-info now has new fields for configuring the | |
1002 | deployment environment of the machine, as well as the | |
1003 | location of the machine. hostnamectl has been updated with | |
1004 | new command to update these fields. | |
1005 | ||
1006 | * systemd-timesyncd has been updated to automatically acquire | |
1007 | NTP server information from systemd-networkd, which might | |
1008 | have been discovered via DHCP. | |
1009 | ||
1010 | * systemd-resolved now includes a caching DNS stub resolver | |
1011 | and a complete LLMNR name resolution implementation. A new | |
daa05349 AB |
1012 | NSS module "nss-resolve" has been added which can be used |
1013 | instead of glibc's own "nss-dns" to resolve hostnames via | |
b2ca0d63 LP |
1014 | systemd-resolved. Hostnames, addresses and arbitrary RRs may |
1015 | be resolved via systemd-resolved D-Bus APIs. In contrast to | |
1016 | the glibc internal resolver systemd-resolved is aware of | |
1017 | multi-homed system, and keeps DNS server and caches separate | |
5f02e26c | 1018 | and per-interface. Queries are sent simultaneously on all |
b2ca0d63 LP |
1019 | interfaces that have DNS servers configured, in order to |
1020 | properly handle VPNs and local LANs which might resolve | |
1021 | separate sets of domain names. systemd-resolved may acquire | |
a1a4a25e | 1022 | DNS server information from systemd-networkd automatically, |
b2ca0d63 LP |
1023 | which in turn might have discovered them via DHCP. A tool |
1024 | "systemd-resolve-host" has been added that may be used to | |
1025 | query the DNS logic in resolved. systemd-resolved implements | |
1026 | IDNA and automatically uses IDNA or UTF-8 encoding depending | |
1027 | on whether classic DNS or LLMNR is used as transport. In the | |
1028 | next releases we intend to add a DNSSEC and mDNS/DNS-SD | |
1029 | implementation to systemd-resolved. | |
1030 | ||
1031 | * A new NSS module nss-mymachines has been added, that | |
1032 | automatically resolves the names of all local registered | |
1033 | containers to their respective IP addresses. | |
1034 | ||
1035 | * A new client tool "networkctl" for systemd-networkd has been | |
1036 | added. It currently is entirely passive and will query | |
1037 | networking configuration from udev, rtnetlink and networkd, | |
5f02e26c | 1038 | and present it to the user in a very friendly |
b2ca0d63 LP |
1039 | way. Eventually, we hope to extend it to become a full |
1040 | control utility for networkd. | |
1041 | ||
1042 | * .socket units gained a new DeferAcceptSec= setting that | |
1043 | controls the kernels' TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT sockopt for | |
1044 | TCP. Similar, support for controlling TCP keep-alive | |
1045 | settings has been added (KeepAliveTimeSec=, | |
1046 | KeepAliveIntervalSec=, KeepAliveProbes=). Also, support for | |
1047 | turning off Nagle's algorithm on TCP has been added | |
1048 | (NoDelay=). | |
1049 | ||
a1a4a25e | 1050 | * logind learned a new session type "web", for use in projects |
b2ca0d63 LP |
1051 | like Cockpit which register web clients as PAM sessions. |
1052 | ||
1053 | * timer units with at least one OnCalendar= setting will now | |
1054 | be started only after timer-sync.target has been | |
1055 | reached. This way they will not elapse before the system | |
1056 | clock has been corrected by a local NTP client or | |
1057 | similar. This is particular useful on RTC-less embedded | |
1058 | machines, that come up with an invalid system clock. | |
1059 | ||
1060 | * systemd-nspawn's --network-veth= switch should now result in | |
1061 | stable MAC addresses for both the outer and the inner side | |
1062 | of the link. | |
1063 | ||
1064 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --volatile= switch for running | |
1065 | container instances with /etc or /var unpopulated. | |
1066 | ||
1067 | * The kdbus client code has been updated to use the new Linux | |
1068 | 3.17 memfd subsystem instead of the old kdbus-specific one. | |
1069 | ||
1070 | * systemd-networkd's DHCP client and server now support | |
01da80b1 LP |
1071 | FORCERENEW. There are also new configuration options to |
1072 | configure the vendor client identifier and broadcast mode | |
1073 | for DHCP. | |
b2ca0d63 LP |
1074 | |
1075 | * systemd will no longer inform the kernel about the current | |
1076 | timezone, as this is necessarily incorrect and racy as the | |
1077 | kernel has no understanding of DST and similar | |
1078 | concepts. This hence means FAT timestamps will be always | |
1079 | considered UTC, similar to what Android is already | |
1080 | doing. Also, when the RTC is configured to the local time | |
1081 | (rather than UTC) systemd will never synchronize back to it, | |
1082 | as this might confuse Windows at a later boot. | |
1083 | ||
1084 | * systemd-analyze gained a new command "verify" for offline | |
1085 | validation of unit files. | |
1086 | ||
1087 | * systemd-networkd gained support for a couple of additional | |
1088 | settings for bonding networking setups. Also, the metric for | |
1089 | statically configured routes may now be configured. For | |
1090 | network interfaces where this is appropriate the peer IP | |
1091 | address may now be configured. | |
1092 | ||
26568403 TG |
1093 | * systemd-networkd's DHCP client will no longer request |
1094 | broadcasting by default, as this tripped up some networks. | |
1095 | For hardware where broadcast is required the feature should | |
1096 | be switched back on using RequestBroadcast=yes. | |
1097 | ||
1098 | * systemd-networkd will now set up IPv4LL addresses (when | |
1099 | enabled) even if DHCP is configured successfully. | |
1100 | ||
1101 | * udev will now default to respect network device names given | |
1102 | by the kernel when the kernel indicates that these are | |
1103 | predictable. This behavior can be tweaked by changing | |
1104 | NamePolicy= in the relevant .link file. | |
1105 | ||
b2ca0d63 LP |
1106 | * A new library systemd-terminal has been added that |
1107 | implements full TTY stream parsing and rendering. This | |
1108 | library is supposed to be used later on for implementing a | |
1109 | full userspace VT subsystem, replacing the current kernel | |
1110 | implementation. | |
1111 | ||
1112 | * A new tool systemd-journal-upload has been added to push | |
1113 | journal data to a remote system running | |
1114 | systemd-journal-remote. | |
1115 | ||
1116 | * journald will no longer forward all local data to another | |
1117 | running syslog daemon. This change has been made because | |
1118 | rsyslog (which appears to be the most commonly used syslog | |
1119 | implementation these days) no longer makes use of this, and | |
1120 | instead pulls the data out of the journal on its own. Since | |
5f02e26c | 1121 | forwarding the messages to a non-existent syslog server is |
b2ca0d63 LP |
1122 | more expensive than we assumed we have now turned this |
1123 | off. If you run a syslog server that is not a recent rsyslog | |
1124 | version, you have to turn this option on again | |
1125 | (ForwardToSyslog= in journald.conf). | |
1126 | ||
1127 | * journald now optionally supports the LZ4 compressor for | |
1128 | larger journal fields. This compressor should perform much | |
1129 | better than XZ which was the previous default. | |
1130 | ||
1131 | * machinectl now shows the IP addresses of local containers, | |
1132 | if it knows them, plus the interface name of the container. | |
1133 | ||
1134 | * A new tool "systemd-escape" has been added that makes it | |
1135 | easy to escape strings to build unit names and similar. | |
1136 | ||
1137 | * sd_notify() messages may now include a new ERRNO= field | |
1138 | which is parsed and collected by systemd and shown among the | |
1139 | "systemctl status" output for a service. | |
1140 | ||
1141 | * A new component "systemd-firstboot" has been added that | |
1142 | queries the most basic systemd information (timezone, | |
a1a4a25e | 1143 | hostname, root password) interactively on first |
b2ca0d63 LP |
1144 | boot. Alternatively it may also be used to provision these |
1145 | things offline on OS images installed into directories. | |
1146 | ||
01da80b1 LP |
1147 | * The default sysctl.d/ snippets will now set |
1148 | ||
1149 | net.ipv4.conf.default.promote_secondaries=1 | |
1150 | ||
1151 | This has the benefit of no flushing secondary IP addresses | |
1152 | when primary addresses are removed. | |
1153 | ||
b2ca0d63 LP |
1154 | Contributions from: Ansgar Burchardt, Bastien Nocera, Colin |
1155 | Walters, Dan Dedrick, Daniel Buch, Daniel Korostil, Daniel | |
1156 | Mack, Dan Williams, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Denis | |
1157 | Kenzior, Eelco Dolstra, Eric Cook, Hannes Reinecke, Harald | |
1158 | Hoyer, Hong Shick Pak, Hui Wang, Jean-André Santoni, Jóhann | |
1159 | B. Guðmundsson, Jon Severinsson, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, Kevin | |
1160 | Wells, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
1161 | Marc-Antoine Perennou, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael | |
1162 | Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, | |
1163 | Miguel Angel Ajo, Mike Gilbert, Olivier Brunel, Robert | |
1164 | Schiele, Ronny Chevalier, Simon McVittie, Sjoerd Simons, Stef | |
1165 | Walter, Steven Noonan, Susant Sahani, Tanu Kaskinen, Thomas | |
1166 | Blume, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Timofey Titovets, | |
1167 | Tobias Geerinckx-Rice, Tomasz Torcz, Tom Gundersen, Umut | |
1168 | Tezduyar Lindskog, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
1169 | ||
1170 | -- Berlin, 2014-08-19 | |
b72ddf0f | 1171 | |
3dff3e00 | 1172 | CHANGES WITH 215: |
24a2bf4c LP |
1173 | |
1174 | * A new tool systemd-sysusers has been added. This tool | |
1175 | creates system users and groups in /etc/passwd and | |
1176 | /etc/group, based on static declarative system user/group | |
1177 | definitions in /usr/lib/sysusers.d/. This is useful to | |
1178 | enable factory resets and volatile systems that boot up with | |
1179 | an empty /etc directory, and thus need system users and | |
1180 | groups created during early boot. systemd now also ships | |
1181 | with two default sysusers.d/ files for the most basic | |
1182 | users and groups systemd and the core operating system | |
1183 | require. | |
1184 | ||
1185 | * A new tmpfiles snippet has been added that rebuilds the | |
1186 | essential files in /etc on boot, should they be missing. | |
1187 | ||
1188 | * A directive for ensuring automatic clean-up of | |
1189 | /var/cache/man/ has been removed from the default | |
1190 | configuration. This line should now be shipped by the man | |
1191 | implementation. The necessary change has been made to the | |
1192 | man-db implementation. Note that you need to update your man | |
1193 | implementation to one that ships this line, otherwise no | |
1194 | automatic clean-up of /var/cache/man will take place. | |
1195 | ||
1196 | * A new condition ConditionNeedsUpdate= has been added that | |
1197 | may conditionalize services to only run when /etc or /var | |
1198 | are "older" than the vendor operating system resources in | |
1199 | /usr. This is useful for reconstructing or updating /etc | |
1200 | after an offline update of /usr or a factory reset, on the | |
1201 | next reboot. Services that want to run once after such an | |
1202 | update or reset should use this condition and order | |
1203 | themselves before the new systemd-update-done.service, which | |
1204 | will mark the two directories as fully updated. A number of | |
1205 | service files have been added making use of this, to rebuild | |
1206 | the udev hardware database, the journald message catalog and | |
1207 | dynamic loader cache (ldconfig). The systemd-sysusers tool | |
1208 | described above also makes use of this now. With this in | |
1209 | place it is now possible to start up a minimal operating | |
ce1dde29 | 1210 | system with /etc empty cleanly. For more information on the |
24a2bf4c LP |
1211 | concepts involved see this recent blog story: |
1212 | ||
1213 | http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/stateless.html | |
1214 | ||
1215 | * A new system group "input" has been introduced, and all | |
1216 | input device nodes get this group assigned. This is useful | |
1217 | for system-level software to get access to input devices. It | |
3dff3e00 KS |
1218 | complements what is already done for "audio" and "video". |
1219 | ||
24a2bf4c LP |
1220 | * systemd-networkd learnt minimal DHCPv4 server support in |
1221 | addition to the existing DHCPv4 client support. It also | |
1222 | learnt DHCPv6 client and IPv6 Router Solicitation client | |
1223 | support. The DHCPv4 client gained support for static routes | |
1224 | passed in from the server. Note that the [DHCPv4] section | |
1225 | known in older systemd-networkd versions has been renamed to | |
1226 | [DHCP] and is now also used by the DHCPv6 client. Existing | |
c7435cc9 LP |
1227 | .network files using settings of this section should be |
1228 | updated, though compatibility is maintained. Optionally, the | |
1229 | client hostname may now be sent to the DHCP server. | |
24a2bf4c | 1230 | |
c7435cc9 LP |
1231 | * networkd gained support for vxlan virtual networks as well |
1232 | as tun/tap and dummy devices. | |
24a2bf4c LP |
1233 | |
1234 | * networkd gained support for automatic allocation of address | |
1235 | ranges for interfaces from a system-wide pool of | |
1236 | addresses. This is useful for dynamically managing a large | |
1237 | number of interfaces with a single network configuration | |
1238 | file. In particular this is useful to easily assign | |
1239 | appropriate IP addresses to the veth links of a large number | |
1240 | of nspawn instances. | |
1241 | ||
1242 | * RPM macros for processing sysusers, sysctl and binfmt | |
1243 | drop-in snippets at package installation time have been | |
1244 | added. | |
1245 | ||
1246 | * The /etc/os-release file should now be placed in | |
1247 | /usr/lib/os-release. The old location is automatically | |
1248 | created as symlink. /usr/lib is the more appropriate | |
1249 | location of this file, since it shall actually describe the | |
1250 | vendor operating system shipped in /usr, and not the | |
1251 | configuration stored in /etc. | |
1252 | ||
1253 | * .mount units gained a new boolean SloppyOptions= setting | |
1254 | that maps to mount(8)'s -s option which enables permissive | |
1255 | parsing of unknown mount options. | |
1256 | ||
1257 | * tmpfiles learnt a new "L+" directive which creates a symlink | |
1258 | but (unlike "L") deletes a pre-existing file first, should | |
1259 | it already exist and not already be the correct | |
1260 | symlink. Similar, "b+", "c+" and "p+" directives have been | |
1261 | added as well, which create block and character devices, as | |
1262 | well as fifos in the filesystem, possibly removing any | |
1263 | pre-existing files of different types. | |
1264 | ||
1265 | * For tmpfiles' "L", "L+", "C" and "C+" directives the final | |
1266 | 'argument' field (which so far specified the source to | |
ce1dde29 | 1267 | symlink/copy the files from) is now optional. If omitted the |
24a2bf4c LP |
1268 | same file os copied from /usr/share/factory/ suffixed by the |
1269 | full destination path. This is useful for populating /etc | |
1270 | with essential files, by copying them from vendor defaults | |
1271 | shipped in /usr/share/factory/etc. | |
1272 | ||
1273 | * A new command "systemctl preset-all" has been added that | |
1274 | applies the service preset settings to all installed unit | |
1275 | files. A new switch --preset-mode= has been added that | |
1276 | controls whether only enable or only disable operations | |
1277 | shall be executed. | |
1278 | ||
1279 | * A new command "systemctl is-system-running" has been added | |
1280 | that allows checking the overall state of the system, for | |
ce1dde29 | 1281 | example whether it is fully up and running. |
24a2bf4c LP |
1282 | |
1283 | * When the system boots up with an empty /etc, the equivalent | |
1284 | to "systemctl preset-all" is executed during early boot, to | |
1285 | make sure all default services are enabled after a factory | |
1286 | reset. | |
1287 | ||
1288 | * systemd now contains a minimal preset file that enables the | |
1289 | most basic services systemd ships by default. | |
1290 | ||
1291 | * Unit files' [Install] section gained a new DefaultInstance= | |
1292 | field for defining the default instance to create if a | |
1293 | template unit is enabled with no instance specified. | |
1294 | ||
1295 | * A new passive target cryptsetup-pre.target has been added | |
1296 | that may be used by services that need to make they run and | |
1297 | finish before the first LUKS cryptographic device is set up. | |
1298 | ||
1299 | * The /dev/loop-control and /dev/btrfs-control device nodes | |
1300 | are now owned by the "disk" group by default, opening up | |
1301 | access to this group. | |
1302 | ||
1303 | * systemd-coredump will now automatically generate a | |
1304 | stack trace of all core dumps taking place on the system, | |
1305 | based on elfutils' libdw library. This stack trace is logged | |
1306 | to the journal. | |
1307 | ||
1308 | * systemd-coredump may now optionally store coredumps directly | |
1309 | on disk (in /var/lib/systemd/coredump, possibly compressed), | |
1310 | instead of storing them unconditionally in the journal. This | |
1311 | mode is the new default. A new configuration file | |
1312 | /etc/systemd/coredump.conf has been added to configure this | |
1313 | and other parameters of systemd-coredump. | |
1314 | ||
1315 | * coredumpctl gained a new "info" verb to show details about a | |
1316 | specific coredump. A new switch "-1" has also been added | |
1317 | that makes sure to only show information about the most | |
1318 | recent entry instead of all entries. Also, as the tool is | |
1319 | generally useful now the "systemd-" prefix of the binary | |
1320 | name has been removed. Distributions that want to maintain | |
1321 | compatibility with the old name should add a symlink from | |
1322 | the old name to the new name. | |
1323 | ||
1324 | * journald's SplitMode= now defaults to "uid". This makes sure | |
ce1dde29 | 1325 | that unprivileged users can access their own coredumps with |
24a2bf4c LP |
1326 | coredumpctl without restrictions. |
1327 | ||
1328 | * New kernel command line options "systemd.wants=" (for | |
1329 | pulling an additional unit during boot), "systemd.mask=" | |
1330 | (for masking a specific unit for the boot), and | |
1331 | "systemd.debug-shell" (for enabling the debug shell on tty9) | |
1332 | have been added. This is implemented in the new generator | |
1333 | "systemd-debug-generator". | |
1334 | ||
1335 | * systemd-nspawn will now by default filter a couple of | |
1336 | syscalls for containers, among them those required for | |
1337 | kernel module loading, direct x86 IO port access, swap | |
1338 | management, and kexec. Most importantly though | |
1339 | open_by_handle_at() is now prohibited for containers, | |
1340 | closing a hole similar to a recently discussed vulnerability | |
1341 | in docker regarding access to files on file hierarchies the | |
1342 | container should normally not have access to. Note that for | |
1343 | nspawn we generally make no security claims anyway (and | |
1344 | this is explicitly documented in the man page), so this is | |
1345 | just a fix for one of the most obvious problems. | |
1346 | ||
1347 | * A new man page file-hierarchy(7) has been added that | |
1348 | contains a minimized, modernized version of the file system | |
1349 | layout systemd expects, similar in style to the FHS | |
c7435cc9 LP |
1350 | specification or hier(5). A new tool systemd-path(1) has |
1351 | been added to query many of these paths for the local | |
1352 | machine and user. | |
24a2bf4c LP |
1353 | |
1354 | * Automatic time-based clean-up of $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is no | |
1355 | longer done. Since the directory now has a per-user size | |
1356 | limit, and is cleaned on logout this appears unnecessary, | |
1357 | in particular since this now brings the lifecycle of this | |
1358 | directory closer in line with how IPC objects are handled. | |
1359 | ||
1360 | * systemd.pc now exports a number of additional directories, | |
1361 | including $libdir (which is useful to identify the library | |
1362 | path for the primary architecture of the system), and a | |
1363 | couple of drop-in directories. | |
1364 | ||
3058e017 TLSC |
1365 | * udev's predictable network interface names now use the dev_port |
1366 | sysfs attribute, introduced in linux 3.15 instead of dev_id to | |
1367 | distinguish between ports of the same PCI function. dev_id should | |
1368 | only be used for ports using the same HW address, hence the need | |
1369 | for dev_port. | |
1370 | ||
c7435cc9 LP |
1371 | * machined has been updated to export the OS version of a |
1372 | container (read from /etc/os-release and | |
1373 | /usr/lib/os-release) on the bus. This is now shown in | |
1374 | "machinectl status" for a machine. | |
1375 | ||
1376 | * A new service setting RestartForceExitStatus= has been | |
1377 | added. If configured to a set of exit signals or process | |
1378 | return values, the service will be restarted when the main | |
1379 | daemon process exits with any of them, regardless of the | |
1380 | Restart= setting. | |
1381 | ||
1382 | * systemctl's -H switch for connecting to remote systemd | |
1383 | machines has been extended so that it may be used to | |
1384 | directly connect to a specific container on the | |
1385 | host. "systemctl -H root@foobar:waldi" will now connect as | |
1386 | user "root" to host "foobar", and then proceed directly to | |
1387 | the container named "waldi". Note that currently you have to | |
1388 | authenticate as user "root" for this to work, as entering | |
1389 | containers is a privileged operation. | |
1390 | ||
1391 | Contributions from: Andreas Henriksson, Benjamin Steinwender, | |
1392 | Carl Schaefer, Christian Hesse, Colin Ian King, Cristian | |
1393 | Rodríguez, Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Eugene | |
1394 | Yakubovich, Filipe Brandenburger, Frederic Crozat, Hristo | |
1395 | Venev, Jan Engelhardt, Jonathan Boulle, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
1396 | Poettering, Luke Shumaker, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc-Antoine | |
1397 | Perennou, Marcel Holtmann, Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, | |
1398 | Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Michal Sekletar, Patrik Flykt, Ronan Le | |
1399 | Martret, Ronny Chevalier, Ruediger Oertel, Steven Noonan, | |
1400 | Susant Sahani, Thadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo, Thomas Hindoe | |
1401 | Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Tom Hirst, Umut Tezduyar | |
1402 | Lindskog, Uoti Urpala, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
1403 | ||
1404 | -- Berlin, 2014-07-03 | |
1405 | ||
4196a3ea KS |
1406 | CHANGES WITH 214: |
1407 | ||
1408 | * As an experimental feature, udev now tries to lock the | |
1409 | disk device node (flock(LOCK_SH|LOCK_NB)) while it | |
1410 | executes events for the disk or any of its partitions. | |
1411 | Applications like partitioning programs can lock the | |
1412 | disk device node (flock(LOCK_EX)) and claim temporary | |
1413 | device ownership that way; udev will entirely skip all event | |
1414 | handling for this disk and its partitions. If the disk | |
1415 | was opened for writing, the close will trigger a partition | |
1416 | table rescan in udev's "watch" facility, and if needed | |
71449caf | 1417 | synthesize "change" events for the disk and all its partitions. |
8d0e0ddd | 1418 | This is now unconditionally enabled, and if it turns out to |
4196a3ea | 1419 | cause major problems, we might turn it on only for specific |
45df8656 | 1420 | devices, or might need to disable it entirely. Device Mapper |
4196a3ea KS |
1421 | devices are excluded from this logic. |
1422 | ||
04e91da2 LP |
1423 | * We temporarily dropped the "-l" switch for fsck invocations, |
1424 | since they collide with the flock() logic above. util-linux | |
1425 | upstream has been changed already to avoid this conflict, | |
1426 | and we will readd "-l" as soon as util-linux with this | |
1427 | change has been released. | |
1428 | ||
1429 | * The dependency on libattr has been removed. Since a long | |
8d0e0ddd | 1430 | time, the extended attribute calls have moved to glibc, and |
04e91da2 LP |
1431 | libattr is thus unnecessary. |
1432 | ||
1433 | * Virtualization detection works without priviliges now. This | |
1434 | means the systemd-detect-virt binary no longer requires | |
1435 | CAP_SYS_PTRACE file capabilities, and our daemons can run | |
71449caf | 1436 | with fewer privileges. |
04e91da2 LP |
1437 | |
1438 | * systemd-networkd now runs under its own "systemd-network" | |
1439 | user. It retains the CAP_NET_ADMIN, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, | |
1440 | CAP_NET_BROADCAST, CAP_NET_RAW capabilities though, but | |
1441 | loses the ability to write to files owned by root this way. | |
1442 | ||
1443 | * Similar, systemd-resolved now runs under its own | |
1444 | "systemd-resolve" user with no capabilities remaining. | |
1445 | ||
1446 | * Similar, systemd-bus-proxyd now runs under its own | |
1447 | "systemd-bus-proxy" user with only CAP_IPC_OWNER remaining. | |
1448 | ||
1449 | * systemd-networkd gained support for setting up "veth" | |
1450 | virtual ethernet devices for container connectivity, as well | |
1451 | as GRE and VTI tunnels. | |
1452 | ||
1453 | * systemd-networkd will no longer automatically attempt to | |
1454 | manually load kernel modules necessary for certain tunnel | |
8d0e0ddd | 1455 | transports. Instead, it is assumed the kernel loads them |
04e91da2 LP |
1456 | automatically when required. This only works correctly on |
1457 | very new kernels. On older kernels, please consider adding | |
c54bed5d | 1458 | the kernel modules to /etc/modules-load.d/ as a work-around. |
04e91da2 | 1459 | |
cd14eda3 | 1460 | * The resolv.conf file systemd-resolved generates has been |
8d0e0ddd JE |
1461 | moved to /run/systemd/resolve/. If you have a symlink from |
1462 | /etc/resolv.conf, it might be necessary to correct it. | |
cd14eda3 | 1463 | |
ef392da6 | 1464 | * Two new service settings, ProtectHome= and ProtectSystem=, |
8d0e0ddd | 1465 | have been added. When enabled, they will make the user data |
04e91da2 LP |
1466 | (such as /home) inaccessible or read-only and the system |
1467 | (such as /usr) read-only, for specific services. This allows | |
1468 | very light-weight per-service sandboxing to avoid | |
1469 | modifications of user data or system files from | |
1470 | services. These two new switches have been enabled for all | |
1471 | of systemd's long-running services, where appropriate. | |
1472 | ||
1473 | * Socket units gained new SocketUser= and SocketGroup= | |
1474 | settings to set the owner user and group of AF_UNIX sockets | |
1475 | and FIFOs in the file system. | |
1476 | ||
8d0e0ddd | 1477 | * Socket units gained a new RemoveOnStop= setting. If enabled, |
04e91da2 LP |
1478 | all FIFOS and sockets in the file system will be removed |
1479 | when the specific socket unit is stopped. | |
1480 | ||
1481 | * Socket units gained a new Symlinks= setting. It takes a list | |
1482 | of symlinks to create to file system sockets or FIFOs | |
45df8656 | 1483 | created by the specific Unix sockets. This is useful to |
71449caf | 1484 | manage symlinks to socket nodes with the same life-cycle as |
04e91da2 LP |
1485 | the socket itself. |
1486 | ||
1487 | * The /dev/log socket and /dev/initctl FIFO have been moved to | |
1488 | /run, and have been replaced by symlinks. This allows | |
1489 | connecting to these facilities even if PrivateDevices=yes is | |
1490 | used for a service (which makes /dev/log itself unavailable, | |
1491 | but /run is left). This also has the benefit of ensuring | |
1492 | that /dev only contains device nodes, directories and | |
1493 | symlinks, and nothing else. | |
1494 | ||
1495 | * sd-daemon gained two new calls sd_pid_notify() and | |
1496 | sd_pid_notifyf(). They are similar to sd_notify() and | |
1497 | sd_notifyf(), but allow overriding of the source PID of | |
1498 | notification messages if permissions permit this. This is | |
1499 | useful to send notify messages on behalf of a different | |
1500 | process (for example, the parent process). The | |
1501 | systemd-notify tool has been updated to make use of this | |
1502 | when sending messages (so that notification messages now | |
1503 | originate from the shell script invoking systemd-notify and | |
1504 | not the systemd-notify process itself. This should minimize | |
1505 | a race where systemd fails to associate notification | |
1506 | messages to services when the originating process already | |
1507 | vanished. | |
1508 | ||
1509 | * A new "on-abnormal" setting for Restart= has been added. If | |
8d0e0ddd | 1510 | set, it will result in automatic restarts on all "abnormal" |
04e91da2 LP |
1511 | reasons for a process to exit, which includes unclean |
1512 | signals, core dumps, timeouts and watchdog timeouts, but | |
1513 | does not include clean and unclean exit codes or clean | |
1514 | signals. Restart=on-abnormal is an alternative for | |
1515 | Restart=on-failure for services that shall be able to | |
1516 | terminate and avoid restarts on certain errors, by | |
1517 | indicating so with an unclean exit code. Restart=on-failure | |
1518 | or Restart=on-abnormal is now the recommended setting for | |
1519 | all long-running services. | |
1520 | ||
1521 | * If the InaccessibleDirectories= service setting points to a | |
1522 | mount point (or if there are any submounts contained within | |
1523 | it), it is now attempted to completely unmount it, to make | |
1524 | the file systems truly unavailable for the respective | |
1525 | service. | |
1526 | ||
1527 | * The ReadOnlyDirectories= service setting and | |
1528 | systemd-nspawn's --read-only parameter are now recursively | |
1529 | applied to all submounts, too. | |
1530 | ||
1531 | * Mount units may now be created transiently via the bus APIs. | |
1532 | ||
1533 | * The support for SysV and LSB init scripts has been removed | |
1534 | from the systemd daemon itself. Instead, it is now | |
1535 | implemented as a generator that creates native systemd units | |
1536 | from these scripts when needed. This enables us to remove a | |
1537 | substantial amount of legacy code from PID 1, following the | |
1538 | fact that many distributions only ship a very small number | |
1539 | of LSB/SysV init scripts nowadays. | |
1540 | ||
cc98b302 | 1541 | * Privileged Xen (dom0) domains are not considered |
04e91da2 LP |
1542 | virtualization anymore by the virtualization detection |
1543 | logic. After all, they generally have unrestricted access to | |
71449caf | 1544 | the hardware and usually are used to manage the unprivileged |
04e91da2 LP |
1545 | (domU) domains. |
1546 | ||
1547 | * systemd-tmpfiles gained a new "C" line type, for copying | |
1548 | files or entire directories. | |
1549 | ||
1550 | * systemd-tmpfiles "m" lines are now fully equivalent to "z" | |
8d0e0ddd JE |
1551 | lines. So far, they have been non-globbing versions of the |
1552 | latter, and have thus been redundant. In future, it is | |
1553 | recommended to only use "z". "m" has hence been removed | |
04e91da2 LP |
1554 | from the documentation, even though it stays supported. |
1555 | ||
1556 | * A tmpfiles snippet to recreate the most basic structure in | |
1557 | /var has been added. This is enough to create the /var/run → | |
1558 | /run symlink and create a couple of structural | |
1559 | directories. This allows systems to boot up with an empty or | |
8d0e0ddd JE |
1560 | volatile /var. Of course, while with this change, the core OS |
1561 | now is capable with dealing with a volatile /var, not all | |
04e91da2 | 1562 | user services are ready for it. However, we hope that sooner |
8d0e0ddd | 1563 | or later, many service daemons will be changed upstream so |
04e91da2 LP |
1564 | that they are able to automatically create their necessary |
1565 | directories in /var at boot, should they be missing. This is | |
1566 | the first step to allow state-less systems that only require | |
1567 | the vendor image for /usr to boot. | |
1568 | ||
1569 | * systemd-nspawn has gained a new --tmpfs= switch to mount an | |
1570 | empty tmpfs instance to a specific directory. This is | |
1571 | particularly useful for making use of the automatic | |
1572 | reconstruction of /var (see above), by passing --tmpfs=/var. | |
1573 | ||
1574 | * Access modes specified in tmpfiles snippets may now be | |
1575 | prefixed with "~", which indicates that they shall be masked | |
daa05349 | 1576 | by whether the existing file or directory is currently |
8d0e0ddd | 1577 | writable, readable or executable at all. Also, if specified, |
04e91da2 LP |
1578 | the sgid/suid/sticky bits will be masked for all |
1579 | non-directories. | |
1580 | ||
1581 | * A new passive target unit "network-pre.target" has been | |
1582 | added which is useful for services that shall run before any | |
1583 | network is configured, for example firewall scripts. | |
1584 | ||
4c0d13bd LP |
1585 | * The "floppy" group that previously owned the /dev/fd* |
1586 | devices is no longer used. The "disk" group is now used | |
1587 | instead. Distributions should probably deprecate usage of | |
1588 | this group. | |
1589 | ||
dc1d6c02 LP |
1590 | Contributions from: Camilo Aguilar, Christian Hesse, Colin Ian |
1591 | King, Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Dave Reisner, David | |
1592 | Strauss, Denis Tikhomirov, John, Jonathan Liu, Kay Sievers, | |
1593 | Lennart Poettering, Mantas Mikulėnas, Mark Eichin, Ronny | |
1594 | Chevalier, Susant Sahani, Thomas Blume, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel | |
1595 | Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Zbigniew | |
1596 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
1597 | ||
1598 | -- Berlin, 2014-06-11 | |
1599 | ||
6936cd89 LP |
1600 | CHANGES WITH 213: |
1601 | ||
1602 | * A new "systemd-timesyncd" daemon has been added for | |
69beda1f | 1603 | synchronizing the system clock across the network. It |
6936cd89 | 1604 | implements an SNTP client. In contrast to NTP |
8d0e0ddd | 1605 | implementations such as chrony or the NTP reference server, |
6936cd89 | 1606 | this only implements a client side, and does not bother with |
c9679c65 LP |
1607 | the full NTP complexity, focusing only on querying time from |
1608 | one remote server and synchronizing the local clock to | |
6936cd89 | 1609 | it. Unless you intend to serve NTP to networked clients or |
8d0e0ddd | 1610 | want to connect to local hardware clocks, this simple NTP |
6936cd89 LP |
1611 | client should be more than appropriate for most |
1612 | installations. The daemon runs with minimal privileges, and | |
1613 | has been hooked up with networkd to only operate when | |
1614 | network connectivity is available. The daemon saves the | |
1615 | current clock to disk every time a new NTP sync has been | |
1616 | acquired, and uses this to possibly correct the system clock | |
69beda1f | 1617 | early at bootup, in order to accommodate for systems that |
6936cd89 | 1618 | lack an RTC such as the Raspberry Pi and embedded devices, |
8d0e0ddd | 1619 | and to make sure that time monotonically progresses on these |
c9679c65 | 1620 | systems, even if it is not always correct. To make use of |
8d0e0ddd | 1621 | this daemon, a new system user and group "systemd-timesync" |
c9679c65 | 1622 | needs to be created on installation of systemd. |
6936cd89 | 1623 | |
69beda1f KS |
1624 | * The queue "seqnum" interface of libudev has been disabled, as |
1625 | it was generally incompatible with device namespacing as | |
6936cd89 LP |
1626 | sequence numbers of devices go "missing" if the devices are |
1627 | part of a different namespace. | |
1628 | ||
1629 | * "systemctl list-timers" and "systemctl list-sockets" gained | |
1630 | a --recursive switch for showing units of these types also | |
499b604b ZJS |
1631 | for all local containers, similar in style to the already |
1632 | supported --recursive switch for "systemctl list-units". | |
6936cd89 LP |
1633 | |
1634 | * A new RebootArgument= setting has been added for service | |
1635 | units, which may be used to specify a kernel reboot argument | |
499b604b | 1636 | to use when triggering reboots with StartLimitAction=. |
6936cd89 LP |
1637 | |
1638 | * A new FailureAction= setting has been added for service | |
1639 | units which may be used to specify an operation to trigger | |
499b604b | 1640 | when a service fails. This works similarly to |
8d0e0ddd | 1641 | StartLimitAction=, but unlike it, controls what is done |
6936cd89 LP |
1642 | immediately rather than only after several attempts to |
1643 | restart the service in question. | |
1644 | ||
1645 | * hostnamed got updated to also expose the kernel name, | |
499b604b ZJS |
1646 | release, and version on the bus. This is useful for |
1647 | executing commands like hostnamectl with the -H switch. | |
1648 | systemd-analyze makes use of this to properly display | |
1649 | details when running non-locally. | |
6936cd89 LP |
1650 | |
1651 | * The bootchart tool can now show cgroup information in the | |
1652 | graphs it generates. | |
1653 | ||
1654 | * The CFS CPU quota cgroup attribute is now exposed for | |
1655 | services. The new CPUQuota= switch has been added for this | |
1656 | which takes a percentage value. Setting this will have the | |
1657 | result that a service may never get more CPU time than the | |
1658 | specified percentage, even if the machine is otherwise idle. | |
1659 | ||
1660 | * systemd-networkd learned IPIP and SIT tunnel support. | |
1661 | ||
1662 | * LSB init scripts exposing a dependency on $network will now | |
1663 | get a dependency on network-online.target rather than simply | |
1664 | network.target. This should bring LSB handling closer to | |
1665 | what it was on SysV systems. | |
1666 | ||
1667 | * A new fsck.repair= kernel option has been added to control | |
1668 | how fsck shall deal with unclean file systems at boot. | |
1669 | ||
1670 | * The (.ini) configuration file parser will now silently | |
1671 | ignore sections whose name begins with "X-". This may be | |
1672 | used to maintain application-specific extension sections in unit | |
1673 | files. | |
1674 | ||
1675 | * machined gained a new API to query the IP addresses of | |
1676 | registered containers. "machinectl status" has been updated | |
1677 | to show these addresses in its output. | |
1678 | ||
1679 | * A new call sd_uid_get_display() has been added to the | |
1680 | sd-login APIs for querying the "primary" session of a | |
1681 | user. The "primary" session of the user is elected from the | |
1682 | user's sessions and generally a graphical session is | |
1683 | preferred over a text one. | |
1684 | ||
1685 | * A minimal systemd-resolved daemon has been added. It | |
1686 | currently simply acts as a companion to systemd-networkd and | |
1687 | manages resolv.conf based on per-interface DNS | |
1688 | configuration, possibly supplied via DHCP. In the long run | |
1689 | we hope to extend this into a local DNSSEC enabled DNS and | |
1690 | mDNS cache. | |
1691 | ||
68dd0956 TG |
1692 | * The systemd-networkd-wait-online tool is now enabled by |
1693 | default. It will delay network-online.target until a network | |
1694 | connection has been configured. The tool primarily integrates | |
1695 | with networkd, but will also make a best effort to make sense | |
1696 | of network configuration performed in some other way. | |
1697 | ||
6936cd89 | 1698 | * Two new service options StartupCPUShares= and |
499b604b | 1699 | StartupBlockIOWeight= have been added that work similarly to |
6936cd89 | 1700 | CPUShares= and BlockIOWeight= however only apply during |
69beda1f | 1701 | system startup. This is useful to prioritize certain services |
6936cd89 LP |
1702 | differently during bootup than during normal runtime. |
1703 | ||
8e7acf67 LP |
1704 | * hostnamed has been changed to prefer the statically |
1705 | configured hostname in /etc/hostname (unless set to | |
1706 | 'localhost' or empty) over any dynamic one supplied by | |
8d0e0ddd | 1707 | dhcp. With this change, the rules for picking the hostname |
8e7acf67 LP |
1708 | match more closely the rules of other configuration settings |
1709 | where the local administrator's configuration in /etc always | |
1710 | overrides any other settings. | |
1711 | ||
1712 | Contributions fron: Ali H. Caliskan, Alison Chaiken, Bas van | |
6936cd89 LP |
1713 | den Berg, Brandon Philips, Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, |
1714 | Dan Kilman, Dave Reisner, David Härdeman, David Herrmann, | |
1715 | David Strauss, Dimitris Spingos, Djalal Harouni, Eelco | |
1716 | Dolstra, Evan Nemerson, Florian Albrechtskirchinger, Greg | |
1717 | Kroah-Hartman, Harald Hoyer, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Jan | |
1718 | Engelhardt, Jani Nikula, Jason St. John, Jeffrey Clark, | |
1719 | Jonathan Boulle, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas | |
1720 | Nykryn, Lukasz Skalski, Łukasz Stelmach, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
8e7acf67 LP |
1721 | Marcel Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Michael |
1722 | Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Michal Sekletar, Mike Gilbert, Nis | |
1723 | Martensen, Patrik Flykt, Philip Lorenz, poma, Ray Strode, | |
1724 | Reyad Attiyat, Robert Milasan, Scott Thrasher, Stef Walter, | |
1725 | Steven Siloti, Susant Sahani, Tanu Kaskinen, Thomas Bächler, | |
1726 | Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar | |
1727 | Lindskog, WaLyong Cho, Will Woods, Zbigniew | |
6936cd89 LP |
1728 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek |
1729 | ||
8e7acf67 | 1730 | -- Beijing, 2014-05-28 |
6936cd89 | 1731 | |
51c61cda LP |
1732 | CHANGES WITH 212: |
1733 | ||
1734 | * When restoring the screen brightness at boot, stay away from | |
1735 | the darkest setting or from the lowest 5% of the available | |
1736 | range, depending on which is the larger value of both. This | |
1737 | should effectively protect the user from rebooting into a | |
1738 | black screen, should the brightness have been set to minimum | |
1739 | by accident. | |
1740 | ||
1741 | * sd-login gained a new sd_machine_get_class() call to | |
1742 | determine the class ("vm" or "container") of a machine | |
1743 | registered with machined. | |
1744 | ||
1745 | * sd-login gained new calls | |
1746 | sd_peer_get_{session,owner_uid,unit,user_unit,slice,machine_name}(), | |
1747 | to query the identity of the peer of a local AF_UNIX | |
499b604b | 1748 | connection. They operate similarly to their sd_pid_get_xyz() |
51c61cda LP |
1749 | counterparts. |
1750 | ||
1751 | * PID 1 will now maintain a system-wide system state engine | |
1752 | with the states "starting", "running", "degraded", | |
1753 | "maintenance", "stopping". These states are bound to system | |
1754 | startup, normal runtime, runtime with at least one failed | |
1755 | service, rescue/emergency mode and system shutdown. This | |
1756 | state is shown in the "systemctl status" output when no unit | |
1757 | name is passed. It is useful to determine system state, in | |
1758 | particularly when doing so for many systems or containers at | |
1759 | once. | |
1760 | ||
1761 | * A new command "list-machines" has been added to "systemctl" | |
1762 | that lists all local OS containers and shows their system | |
1763 | state (see above), if systemd runs inside of them. | |
1764 | ||
1765 | * systemctl gained a new "-r" switch to recursively enumerate | |
1766 | units on all local containers, when used with the | |
1767 | "list-unit" command (which is the default one that is | |
1768 | executed when no parameters are specified). | |
1769 | ||
1770 | * The GPT automatic partition discovery logic will now honour | |
1771 | two GPT partition flags: one may be set on a partition to | |
1772 | cause it to be mounted read-only, and the other may be set | |
1773 | on a partition to ignore it during automatic discovery. | |
1774 | ||
1775 | * Two new GPT type UUIDs have been added for automatic root | |
70a44afe | 1776 | partition discovery, for 32-bit and 64-bit ARM. This is not |
51c61cda LP |
1777 | particularly useful for discovering the root directory on |
1778 | these architectures during bare-metal boots (since UEFI is | |
1779 | not common there), but still very useful to allow booting of | |
1780 | ARM disk images in nspawn with the -i option. | |
1781 | ||
1782 | * MAC addresses of interfaces created with nspawn's | |
1783 | --network-interface= switch will now be generated from the | |
1784 | machine name, and thus be stable between multiple invocations | |
1785 | of the container. | |
1786 | ||
1787 | * logind will now automatically remove all IPC objects owned | |
1788 | by a user if she or he fully logs out. This makes sure that | |
1789 | users who are logged out cannot continue to consume IPC | |
1790 | resources. This covers SysV memory, semaphores and message | |
1791 | queues as well as POSIX shared memory and message | |
b8bde116 JE |
1792 | queues. Traditionally, SysV and POSIX IPC had no life-cycle |
1793 | limits. With this functionality, that is corrected. This may | |
1794 | be turned off by using the RemoveIPC= switch of logind.conf. | |
51c61cda LP |
1795 | |
1796 | * The systemd-machine-id-setup and tmpfiles tools gained a | |
1797 | --root= switch to operate on a specific root directory, | |
1798 | instead of /. | |
1799 | ||
1800 | * journald can now forward logged messages to the TTYs of all | |
1801 | logged in users ("wall"). This is the default for all | |
1802 | emergency messages now. | |
1803 | ||
1804 | * A new tool systemd-journal-remote has been added to stream | |
1805 | journal log messages across the network. | |
1806 | ||
1807 | * /sys/fs/cgroup/ is now mounted read-only after all cgroup | |
1808 | controller trees are mounted into it. Note that the | |
1809 | directories mounted beneath it are not read-only. This is a | |
1810 | security measure and is particularly useful because glibc | |
1811 | actually includes a search logic to pick any tmpfs it can | |
1812 | find to implement shm_open() if /dev/shm is not available | |
1813 | (which it might very well be in namespaced setups). | |
1814 | ||
1815 | * machinectl gained a new "poweroff" command to cleanly power | |
1816 | down a local OS container. | |
1817 | ||
1818 | * The PrivateDevices= unit file setting will now also drop the | |
1819 | CAP_MKNOD capability from the capability bound set, and | |
1820 | imply DevicePolicy=closed. | |
1821 | ||
1822 | * PrivateDevices=, PrivateNetwork= and PrivateTmp= is now used | |
1823 | comprehensively on all long-running systemd services where | |
1824 | this is appropriate. | |
1825 | ||
1826 | * systemd-udevd will now run in a disassociated mount | |
b8bde116 | 1827 | namespace. To mount directories from udev rules, make sure to |
51c61cda LP |
1828 | pull in mount units via SYSTEMD_WANTS properties. |
1829 | ||
1830 | * The kdbus support gained support for uploading policy into | |
1831 | the kernel. sd-bus gained support for creating "monitoring" | |
1832 | connections that can eavesdrop into all bus communication | |
1833 | for debugging purposes. | |
1834 | ||
1835 | * Timestamps may now be specified in seconds since the UNIX | |
1836 | epoch Jan 1st, 1970 by specifying "@" followed by the value | |
1837 | in seconds. | |
1838 | ||
1839 | * Native tcpwrap support in systemd has been removed. tcpwrap | |
1840 | is old code, not really maintained anymore and has serious | |
1841 | shortcomings, and better options such as firewalls | |
1842 | exist. For setups that require tcpwrap usage, please | |
1843 | consider invoking your socket-activated service via tcpd, | |
1844 | like on traditional inetd. | |
1845 | ||
1846 | * A new system.conf configuration option | |
1847 | DefaultTimerAccuracySec= has been added that controls the | |
1848 | default AccuracySec= setting of .timer units. | |
1849 | ||
b8bde116 | 1850 | * Timer units gained a new WakeSystem= switch. If enabled, |
51c61cda LP |
1851 | timers configured this way will cause the system to resume |
1852 | from system suspend (if the system supports that, which most | |
1853 | do these days). | |
1854 | ||
b8bde116 | 1855 | * Timer units gained a new Persistent= switch. If enabled, |
51c61cda LP |
1856 | timers configured this way will save to disk when they have |
1857 | been last triggered. This information is then used on next | |
1858 | reboot to possible execute overdue timer events, that | |
d28315e4 JE |
1859 | could not take place because the system was powered off. |
1860 | This enables simple anacron-like behaviour for timer units. | |
51c61cda LP |
1861 | |
1862 | * systemctl's "list-timers" will now also list the time a | |
1863 | timer unit was last triggered in addition to the next time | |
1864 | it will be triggered. | |
1865 | ||
1866 | * systemd-networkd will now assign predictable IPv4LL | |
1867 | addresses to its local interfaces. | |
1868 | ||
1869 | Contributions from: Brandon Philips, Daniel Buch, Daniel Mack, | |
1870 | Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Gerd Hoffmann, Greg | |
1871 | Kroah-Hartman, Hendrik Brueckner, Jason St. John, Josh | |
1872 | Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Marc-Antoine | |
1873 | Perennou, Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Miklos Vajna, | |
1874 | Patrik Flykt, poma, Sebastian Thorarensen, Thomas Bächler, | |
1875 | Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tomasz Torcz, Tom Gundersen, | |
1876 | Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Wieland Hoffmann, Zbigniew | |
1877 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
1878 | ||
1879 | -- Berlin, 2014-03-25 | |
1880 | ||
699b6b34 LP |
1881 | CHANGES WITH 211: |
1882 | ||
1883 | * A new unit file setting RestrictAddressFamilies= has been | |
1884 | added to restrict which socket address families unit | |
1885 | processes gain access to. This takes address family names | |
1886 | like "AF_INET" or "AF_UNIX", and is useful to minimize the | |
1887 | attack surface of services via exotic protocol stacks. This | |
1888 | is built on seccomp system call filters. | |
1889 | ||
1890 | * Two new unit file settings RuntimeDirectory= and | |
1891 | RuntimeDirectoryMode= have been added that may be used to | |
1892 | manage a per-daemon runtime directories below /run. This is | |
1893 | an alternative for setting up directory permissions with | |
1894 | tmpfiles snippets, and has the advantage that the runtime | |
1895 | directory's lifetime is bound to the daemon runtime and that | |
1896 | the daemon starts up with an empty directory each time. This | |
1897 | is particularly useful when writing services that drop | |
f1721625 | 1898 | privileges using the User= or Group= setting. |
699b6b34 LP |
1899 | |
1900 | * The DeviceAllow= unit setting now supports globbing for | |
1901 | matching against device group names. | |
1902 | ||
1903 | * The systemd configuration file system.conf gained new | |
1904 | settings DefaultCPUAccounting=, DefaultBlockIOAccounting=, | |
1905 | DefaultMemoryAccounting= to globally turn on/off accounting | |
1906 | for specific resources (cgroups) for all units. These | |
22e7062d | 1907 | settings may still be overridden individually in each unit |
699b6b34 LP |
1908 | though. |
1909 | ||
1910 | * systemd-gpt-auto-generator is now able to discover /srv and | |
1911 | root partitions in addition to /home and swap partitions. It | |
1912 | also supports LUKS-encrypted partitions now. With this in | |
b8bde116 | 1913 | place, automatic discovery of partitions to mount following |
699b6b34 LP |
1914 | the Discoverable Partitions Specification |
1915 | (http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/DiscoverablePartitionsSpec) | |
1916 | is now a lot more complete. This allows booting without | |
1917 | /etc/fstab and without root= on the kernel command line on | |
b8bde116 | 1918 | systems prepared appropriately. |
699b6b34 LP |
1919 | |
1920 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --image= switch which allows | |
1921 | booting up disk images and Linux installations on any block | |
1922 | device that follow the Discoverable Partitions Specification | |
1923 | (see above). This means that installations made with | |
1924 | appropriately updated installers may now be started and | |
1925 | deployed using container managers, completely | |
1926 | unmodified. (We hope that libvirt-lxc will add support for | |
1927 | this feature soon, too.) | |
1928 | ||
1929 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --network-macvlan= setting to | |
1930 | set up a private macvlan interface for the | |
499b604b | 1931 | container. Similarly, systemd-networkd gained a new |
699b6b34 LP |
1932 | Kind=macvlan setting in .netdev files. |
1933 | ||
1934 | * systemd-networkd now supports configuring local addresses | |
1935 | using IPv4LL. | |
1936 | ||
1937 | * A new tool systemd-network-wait-online has been added to | |
1938 | synchronously wait for network connectivity using | |
1939 | systemd-networkd. | |
1940 | ||
1941 | * The sd-bus.h bus API gained a new sd_bus_track object for | |
1942 | tracking the life-cycle of bus peers. Note that sd-bus.h is | |
1943 | still not a public API though (unless you specify | |
1944 | --enable-kdbus on the configure command line, which however | |
1945 | voids your warranty and you get no API stability guarantee). | |
1946 | ||
1947 | * The $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR runtime directories for each user are | |
1948 | now individual tmpfs instances, which has the benefit of | |
1949 | introducing separate pools for each user, with individual | |
4ef6e535 | 1950 | size limits, and thus making sure that unprivileged clients |
699b6b34 LP |
1951 | can no longer negatively impact the system or other users by |
1952 | filling up their $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR. A new logind.conf setting | |
1953 | RuntimeDirectorySize= has been introduced that allows | |
1954 | controlling the default size limit for all users. It | |
1955 | defaults to 10% of the available physical memory. This is no | |
1956 | replacement for quotas on tmpfs though (which the kernel | |
1957 | still does not support), as /dev/shm and /tmp are still | |
4ef6e535 | 1958 | shared resources used by both the system and unprivileged |
699b6b34 LP |
1959 | users. |
1960 | ||
1961 | * logind will now automatically turn off automatic suspending | |
1962 | on laptop lid close when more than one display is | |
1963 | connected. This was previously expected to be implemented | |
1964 | individually in desktop environments (such as GNOME), | |
1965 | however has been added to logind now, in order to fix a | |
1966 | boot-time race where a desktop environment might not have | |
1967 | been started yet and thus not been able to take an inhibitor | |
1968 | lock at the time where logind already suspends the system | |
1969 | due to a closed lid. | |
1970 | ||
1971 | * logind will now wait at least 30s after each system | |
1972 | suspend/resume cycle, and 3min after system boot before | |
1973 | suspending the system due to a closed laptop lid. This | |
1974 | should give USB docking stations and similar enough time to | |
4ef6e535 | 1975 | be probed and configured after system resume and boot in |
699b6b34 LP |
1976 | order to then act as suspend blocker. |
1977 | ||
1978 | * systemd-run gained a new --property= setting which allows | |
1979 | initialization of resource control properties (and others) | |
1980 | for the created scope or service unit. Example: "systemd-run | |
1981 | --property=BlockIOWeight=10 updatedb" may be used to run | |
1982 | updatedb at a low block IO scheduling weight. | |
1983 | ||
1984 | * systemd-run's --uid=, --gid=, --setenv=, --setenv= switches | |
1985 | now also work in --scope mode. | |
1986 | ||
1987 | * When systemd is compiled with kdbus support, basic support | |
1988 | for enforced policies is now in place. (Note that enabling | |
1989 | kdbus still voids your warranty and no API compatibility | |
1990 | promises are made.) | |
1991 | ||
1992 | Contributions from: Andrey Borzenkov, Ansgar Burchardt, Armin | |
1993 | K., Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Djalal Harouni, | |
1994 | Harald Hoyer, Henrik Grindal Bakken, Jasper St. Pierre, Kay | |
1995 | Sievers, Kieran Clancy, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, | |
1996 | Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel Holtmann, Mark Oteiza, Martin Pitt, | |
1997 | Mike Gilbert, Peter Rajnoha, poma, Samuli Suominen, Stef | |
1998 | Walter, Susant Sahani, Tero Roponen, Thomas Andersen, Thomas | |
1999 | Bächler, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tomasz Torcz, Tom | |
2000 | Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Uoti Urpala, Zachary Cook, | |
2001 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
2002 | ||
13b28d82 | 2003 | -- Berlin, 2014-03-12 |
699b6b34 | 2004 | |
43c71255 LP |
2005 | CHANGES WITH 210: |
2006 | ||
2007 | * systemd will now relabel /dev after loading the SMACK policy | |
2008 | according to SMACK rules. | |
2009 | ||
67dd87c5 | 2010 | * A new unit file option AppArmorProfile= has been added to |
43c71255 LP |
2011 | set the AppArmor profile for the processes of a unit. |
2012 | ||
2013 | * A new condition check ConditionArchitecture= has been added | |
2014 | to conditionalize units based on the system architecture, as | |
2015 | reported by uname()'s "machine" field. | |
2016 | ||
2017 | * systemd-networkd now supports matching on the system | |
2018 | virtualization, architecture, kernel command line, host name | |
2019 | and machine ID. | |
2020 | ||
ed28905e | 2021 | * logind is now a lot more aggressive when suspending the |
43c71255 | 2022 | machine due to a closed laptop lid. Instead of acting only |
b8bde116 | 2023 | on the lid close action, it will continuously watch the lid |
43c71255 LP |
2024 | status and act on it. This is useful for laptops where the |
2025 | power button is on the outside of the chassis so that it can | |
ed28905e | 2026 | be reached without opening the lid (such as the Lenovo |
b8bde116 | 2027 | Yoga). On those machines, logind will now immediately |
ed28905e | 2028 | re-suspend the machine if the power button has been |
43c71255 LP |
2029 | accidentally pressed while the laptop was suspended and in a |
2030 | backpack or similar. | |
2031 | ||
2032 | * logind will now watch SW_DOCK switches and inhibit reaction | |
2033 | to the lid switch if it is pressed. This means that logind | |
d27893ef | 2034 | will not suspend the machine anymore if the lid is closed |
949138cc | 2035 | and the system is docked, if the laptop supports SW_DOCK |
43c71255 LP |
2036 | notifications via the input layer. Note that ACPI docking |
2037 | stations do not generate this currently. Also note that this | |
2038 | logic is usually not fully sufficient and Desktop | |
2039 | Environments should take a lid switch inhibitor lock when an | |
2040 | external display is connected, as systemd will not watch | |
2041 | this on its own. | |
2042 | ||
2043 | * nspawn will now make use of the devices cgroup controller by | |
2044 | default, and only permit creation of and access to the usual | |
2045 | API device nodes like /dev/null or /dev/random, as well as | |
2046 | access to (but not creation of) the pty devices. | |
2047 | ||
2048 | * We will now ship a default .network file for | |
2049 | systemd-networkd that automatically configures DHCP for | |
2050 | network interfaces created by nspawn's --network-veth or | |
2051 | --network-bridge= switches. | |
2052 | ||
2053 | * systemd will now understand the usual M, K, G, T suffixes | |
2054 | according to SI conventions (i.e. to the base 1000) when | |
2055 | referring to throughput and hardware metrics. It will stay | |
2056 | with IEC conventions (i.e. to the base 1024) for software | |
2057 | metrics, according to what is customary according to | |
2058 | Wikipedia. We explicitly document which base applies for | |
2059 | each configuration option. | |
2060 | ||
2061 | * The DeviceAllow= setting in unit files now supports a syntax | |
ed28905e | 2062 | to whitelist an entire group of devices node majors at once, |
43c71255 | 2063 | based on the /proc/devices listing. For example, with the |
b8bde116 | 2064 | string "char-pts", it is now possible to whitelist all |
43c71255 LP |
2065 | current and future pseudo-TTYs at once. |
2066 | ||
2067 | * sd-event learned a new "post" event source. Event sources of | |
2068 | this type are triggered by the dispatching of any event | |
2069 | source of a type that is not "post". This is useful for | |
2070 | implementing clean-up and check event sources that are | |
2071 | triggered by other work being done in the program. | |
2072 | ||
2073 | * systemd-networkd is no longer statically enabled, but uses | |
2074 | the usual [Install] sections so that it can be | |
2075 | enabled/disabled using systemctl. It still is enabled by | |
2076 | default however. | |
2077 | ||
b8bde116 | 2078 | * When creating a veth interface pair with systemd-nspawn, the |
43c71255 LP |
2079 | host side will now be prefixed with "vb-" if |
2080 | --network-bridge= is used, and with "ve-" if --network-veth | |
b8bde116 | 2081 | is used. This way, it is easy to distinguish these cases on |
43c71255 LP |
2082 | the host, for example to apply different configuration to |
2083 | them with systemd-networkd. | |
2084 | ||
d27893ef LP |
2085 | * The compatibility libraries for libsystemd-journal.so, |
2086 | libsystem-id128.so, libsystemd-login.so and | |
2087 | libsystemd-daemon.so do not make use of IFUNC | |
b8bde116 | 2088 | anymore. Instead, we now build libsystemd.so multiple times |
d27893ef LP |
2089 | under these alternative names. This means that the footprint |
2090 | is drastically increased, but given that these are | |
b8bde116 | 2091 | transitional compatibility libraries, this should not matter |
d27893ef LP |
2092 | much. This change has been made necessary to support the ARM |
2093 | platform for these compatibility libraries, as the ARM | |
d28315e4 | 2094 | toolchain is not really at the same level as the toolchain |
ed28905e | 2095 | for other architectures like x86 and does not support |
d27893ef LP |
2096 | IFUNC. Please make sure to use --enable-compat-libs only |
2097 | during a transitional period! | |
2098 | ||
13b28d82 | 2099 | Contributions from: Andreas Fuchs, Armin K., Colin Walters, |
43c71255 LP |
2100 | Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Djalal Harouni, |
2101 | Holger Schurig, Jason A. Donenfeld, Jason St. John, Jasper | |
2102 | St. Pierre, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Łukasz Stelmach, | |
2103 | Marcel Holtmann, Michael Scherer, Michal Sekletar, Mike | |
2104 | Gilbert, Samuli Suominen, Thomas Bächler, Thomas Hindoe | |
2105 | Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, | |
2106 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
2107 | ||
2108 | -- Berlin, 2014-02-24 | |
2109 | ||
e49b5aad LP |
2110 | CHANGES WITH 209: |
2111 | ||
2112 | * A new component "systemd-networkd" has been added that can | |
2113 | be used to configure local network interfaces statically or | |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
2114 | via DHCP. It is capable of bringing up bridges, VLANs, and |
2115 | bonding. Currently, no hook-ups for interactive network | |
4670e9d5 | 2116 | configuration are provided. Use this for your initrd, |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
2117 | container, embedded, or server setup if you need a simple, |
2118 | yet powerful, network configuration solution. This | |
4670e9d5 | 2119 | configuration subsystem is quite nifty, as it allows wildcard |
1e190502 | 2120 | hotplug matching in interfaces. For example, with a single |
4670e9d5 | 2121 | configuration snippet, you can configure that all Ethernet |
1e190502 ZJS |
2122 | interfaces showing up are automatically added to a bridge, |
2123 | or similar. It supports link-sensing and more. | |
e49b5aad LP |
2124 | |
2125 | * A new tool "systemd-socket-proxyd" has been added which can | |
4c2413bf | 2126 | act as a bidirectional proxy for TCP sockets. This is |
e49b5aad LP |
2127 | useful for adding socket activation support to services that |
2128 | do not actually support socket activation, including virtual | |
4c2413bf | 2129 | machines and the like. |
e49b5aad LP |
2130 | |
2131 | * Add a new tool to save/restore rfkill state on | |
2132 | shutdown/boot. | |
2133 | ||
8b7d0494 JSJ |
2134 | * Save/restore state of keyboard backlights in addition to |
2135 | display backlights on shutdown/boot. | |
e49b5aad LP |
2136 | |
2137 | * udev learned a new SECLABEL{} construct to label device | |
2138 | nodes with a specific security label when they appear. For | |
4c2413bf | 2139 | now, only SECLABEL{selinux} is supported, but the syntax is |
e49b5aad LP |
2140 | prepared for additional security frameworks. |
2141 | ||
2142 | * udev gained a new scheme to configure link-level attributes | |
2143 | from files in /etc/systemd/network/*.link. These files can | |
8b7d0494 | 2144 | match against MAC address, device path, driver name and type, |
4c2413bf | 2145 | and will apply attributes like the naming policy, link speed, |
8b7d0494 | 2146 | MTU, duplex settings, Wake-on-LAN settings, MAC address, MAC |
e49b5aad LP |
2147 | address assignment policy (randomized, ...). |
2148 | ||
dfb08b05 ZJS |
2149 | * The configuration of network interface naming rules for |
2150 | "permanent interface names" has changed: a new NamePolicy= | |
2151 | setting in the [Link] section of .link files determines the | |
2152 | priority of possible naming schemes (onboard, slot, mac, | |
2153 | path). The default value of this setting is determined by | |
2154 | /usr/lib/net/links/99-default.link. Old | |
2155 | 80-net-name-slot.rules udev configuration file has been | |
2156 | removed, so local configuration overriding this file should | |
2157 | be adapated to override 99-default.link instead. | |
2158 | ||
e49b5aad | 2159 | * When the User= switch is used in a unit file, also |
4c2413bf | 2160 | initialize $SHELL= based on the user database entry. |
e49b5aad LP |
2161 | |
2162 | * systemd no longer depends on libdbus. All communication is | |
2163 | now done with sd-bus, systemd's low-level bus library | |
2164 | implementation. | |
2165 | ||
2166 | * kdbus support has been added to PID 1 itself. When kdbus is | |
4c2413bf | 2167 | enabled, this causes PID 1 to set up the system bus and |
e49b5aad LP |
2168 | enable support for a new ".busname" unit type that |
2169 | encapsulates bus name activation on kdbus. It works a little | |
2170 | bit like ".socket" units, except for bus names. A new | |
2171 | generator has been added that converts classic dbus1 service | |
2172 | activation files automatically into native systemd .busname | |
2173 | and .service units. | |
2174 | ||
2175 | * sd-bus: add a light-weight vtable implementation that allows | |
2176 | defining objects on the bus with a simple static const | |
2177 | vtable array of its methods, signals and properties. | |
2178 | ||
8b7d0494 | 2179 | * systemd will not generate or install static dbus |
e49b5aad | 2180 | introspection data anymore to /usr/share/dbus-1/interfaces, |
1e190502 | 2181 | as the precise format of these files is unclear, and |
e49b5aad LP |
2182 | nothing makes use of it. |
2183 | ||
2184 | * A proxy daemon is now provided to proxy clients connecting | |
2185 | via classic D-Bus AF_UNIX sockets to kdbus, to provide full | |
2186 | compatibility with classic D-Bus. | |
2187 | ||
2188 | * A bus driver implementation has been added that supports the | |
2189 | classic D-Bus bus driver calls on kdbus, also for | |
2190 | compatibility purposes. | |
2191 | ||
2192 | * A new API "sd-event.h" has been added that implements a | |
2193 | minimal event loop API built around epoll. It provides a | |
2194 | couple of features that direct epoll usage is lacking: | |
b9761003 | 2195 | prioritization of events, scales to large numbers of timer |
e49b5aad LP |
2196 | events, per-event timer slack (accuracy), system-wide |
2197 | coalescing of timer events, exit handlers, watchdog | |
2198 | supervision support using systemd's sd_notify() API, child | |
2199 | process handling. | |
2200 | ||
2201 | * A new API "sd-rntl.h" has been added that provides an API | |
2202 | around the route netlink interface of the kernel, similar in | |
2203 | style to "sd-bus.h". | |
2204 | ||
7e95eda5 PF |
2205 | * A new API "sd-dhcp-client.h" has been added that provides a |
2206 | small DHCPv4 client-side implementation. This is used by | |
e49b5aad LP |
2207 | "systemd-networkd". |
2208 | ||
4c2413bf | 2209 | * There is a new kernel command line option |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
2210 | "systemd.restore_state=0|1". When set to "0", none of the |
2211 | systemd tools will restore saved runtime state to hardware | |
2212 | devices. More specifically, the rfkill and backlight states | |
2213 | are not restored. | |
e49b5aad LP |
2214 | |
2215 | * The FsckPassNo= compatibility option in mount/service units | |
2216 | has been removed. The fstab generator will now add the | |
2217 | necessary dependencies automatically, and does not require | |
2218 | PID1's support for that anymore. | |
2219 | ||
8b7d0494 | 2220 | * journalctl gained a new switch, --list-boots, that lists |
e49b5aad LP |
2221 | recent boots with their times and boot IDs. |
2222 | ||
2223 | * The various tools like systemctl, loginctl, timedatectl, | |
2224 | busctl, systemd-run, ... have gained a new switch "-M" to | |
2225 | connect to a specific, local OS container (as direct | |
2226 | connection, without requiring SSH). This works on any | |
2227 | container that is registered with machined, such as those | |
2228 | created by libvirt-lxc or nspawn. | |
2229 | ||
2230 | * systemd-run and systemd-analyze also gained support for "-H" | |
4c2413bf | 2231 | to connect to remote hosts via SSH. This is particularly |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
2232 | useful for systemd-run because it enables queuing of jobs |
2233 | onto remote systems. | |
e49b5aad LP |
2234 | |
2235 | * machinectl gained a new command "login" to open a getty | |
2236 | login in any local container. This works with any container | |
2237 | that is registered with machined (such as those created by | |
8e420494 | 2238 | libvirt-lxc or nspawn), and which runs systemd inside. |
e49b5aad LP |
2239 | |
2240 | * machinectl gained a new "reboot" command that may be used to | |
2241 | trigger a reboot on a specific container that is registered | |
2242 | with machined. This works on any container that runs an init | |
2243 | system of some kind. | |
2244 | ||
2245 | * systemctl gained a new "list-timers" command to print a nice | |
2246 | listing of installed timer units with the times they elapse | |
2247 | next. | |
2248 | ||
2249 | * Alternative reboot() parameters may now be specified on the | |
2250 | "systemctl reboot" command line and are passed to the | |
2251 | reboot() system call. | |
2252 | ||
2253 | * systemctl gained a new --job-mode= switch to configure the | |
2254 | mode to queue a job with. This is a more generic version of | |
8b7d0494 | 2255 | --fail, --irreversible, and --ignore-dependencies, which are |
e49b5aad LP |
2256 | still available but not advertised anymore. |
2257 | ||
e49b5aad LP |
2258 | * /etc/systemd/system.conf gained new settings to configure |
2259 | various default timeouts of units, as well as the default | |
b9761003 | 2260 | start limit interval and burst. These may still be overridden |
e49b5aad LP |
2261 | within each Unit. |
2262 | ||
270f1624 LP |
2263 | * PID1 will now export on the bus profile data of the security |
2264 | policy upload process (such as the SELinux policy upload to | |
8e420494 | 2265 | the kernel). |
e49b5aad | 2266 | |
4670e9d5 | 2267 | * journald: when forwarding logs to the console, include |
1e190502 ZJS |
2268 | timestamps (following the setting in |
2269 | /sys/module/printk/parameters/time). | |
e49b5aad LP |
2270 | |
2271 | * OnCalendar= in timer units now understands the special | |
2272 | strings "yearly" and "annually". (Both are equivalent) | |
2273 | ||
2274 | * The accuracy of timer units is now configurable with the new | |
2275 | AccuracySec= setting. It defaults to 1min. | |
2276 | ||
2277 | * A new dependency type JoinsNamespaceOf= has been added that | |
2278 | allows running two services within the same /tmp and network | |
2279 | namespace, if PrivateNetwork= or PrivateTmp= are used. | |
2280 | ||
2281 | * A new command "cat" has been added to systemctl. It outputs | |
2282 | the original unit file of a unit, and concatenates the | |
1e190502 ZJS |
2283 | contents of additional "drop-in" unit file snippets, so that |
2284 | the full configuration is shown. | |
e49b5aad LP |
2285 | |
2286 | * systemctl now supports globbing on the various "list-xyz" | |
2287 | commands, like "list-units" or "list-sockets", as well as on | |
1e190502 ZJS |
2288 | those commands which take multiple unit names. |
2289 | ||
2290 | * journalctl's --unit= switch gained support for globbing. | |
e49b5aad LP |
2291 | |
2292 | * All systemd daemons now make use of the watchdog logic so | |
2293 | that systemd automatically notices when they hang. | |
2294 | ||
4c2413bf | 2295 | * If the $container_ttys environment variable is set, |
e49b5aad LP |
2296 | getty-generator will automatically spawn a getty for each |
2297 | listed tty. This is useful for container managers to request | |
2298 | login gettys to be spawned on as many ttys as needed. | |
2299 | ||
2300 | * %h, %s, %U specifier support is not available anymore when | |
2301 | used in unit files for PID 1. This is because NSS calls are | |
2302 | not safe from PID 1. They stay available for --user | |
2303 | instances of systemd, and as special case for the root user. | |
2304 | ||
e49b5aad LP |
2305 | * loginctl gained a new "--no-legend" switch to turn off output |
2306 | of the legend text. | |
2307 | ||
2308 | * The "sd-login.h" API gained three new calls: | |
2309 | sd_session_is_remote(), sd_session_get_remote_user(), | |
2310 | sd_session_get_remote_host() to query information about | |
2311 | remote sessions. | |
2312 | ||
8e420494 LP |
2313 | * The udev hardware database now also carries vendor/product |
2314 | information of SDIO devices. | |
e49b5aad LP |
2315 | |
2316 | * The "sd-daemon.h" API gained a new sd_watchdog_enabled() to | |
2317 | determine whether watchdog notifications are requested by | |
2318 | the system manager. | |
2319 | ||
1e190502 | 2320 | * Socket-activated per-connection services now include a |
e49b5aad LP |
2321 | short description of the connection parameters in the |
2322 | description. | |
2323 | ||
4c2413bf | 2324 | * tmpfiles gained a new "--boot" option. When this is not used, |
e49b5aad | 2325 | only lines where the command character is not suffixed with |
4670e9d5 | 2326 | "!" are executed. When this option is specified, those |
1e190502 ZJS |
2327 | options are executed too. This partitions tmpfiles |
2328 | directives into those that can be safely executed at any | |
2329 | time, and those which should be run only at boot (for | |
2330 | example, a line that creates /run/nologin). | |
e49b5aad | 2331 | |
c0c5af00 | 2332 | * A new API "sd-resolve.h" has been added which provides a simple |
4c2413bf | 2333 | asynchronous wrapper around glibc NSS host name resolution |
e49b5aad | 2334 | calls, such as getaddrinfo(). In contrast to glibc's |
4c2413bf JE |
2335 | getaddrinfo_a(), it does not use signals. In contrast to most |
2336 | other asynchronous name resolution libraries, this one does | |
2337 | not reimplement DNS, but reuses NSS, so that alternate | |
e49b5aad | 2338 | host name resolution systems continue to work, such as mDNS, |
8b7d0494 | 2339 | LDAP, etc. This API is based on libasyncns, but it has been |
e49b5aad LP |
2340 | cleaned up for inclusion in systemd. |
2341 | ||
6300b3ec LP |
2342 | * The APIs "sd-journal.h", "sd-login.h", "sd-id128.h", |
2343 | "sd-daemon.h" are no longer found in individual libraries | |
2344 | libsystemd-journal.so, libsystemd-login.so, | |
2345 | libsystemd-id128.so, libsystemd-daemon.so. Instead, we have | |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
2346 | merged them into a single library, libsystemd.so, which |
2347 | provides all symbols. The reason for this is cyclic | |
e49b5aad | 2348 | dependencies, as these libraries tend to use each other's |
d28315e4 | 2349 | symbols. So far, we have managed to workaround that by linking |
6300b3ec LP |
2350 | a copy of a good part of our code into each of these |
2351 | libraries again and again, which, however, makes certain | |
2352 | things hard to do, like sharing static variables. Also, it | |
2353 | substantially increases footprint. With this change, there | |
2354 | is only one library for the basic APIs systemd | |
2355 | provides. Also, "sd-bus.h", "sd-memfd.h", "sd-event.h", | |
2356 | "sd-rtnl.h", "sd-resolve.h", "sd-utf8.h" are found in this | |
2357 | library as well, however are subject to the --enable-kdbus | |
2358 | switch (see below). Note that "sd-dhcp-client.h" is not part | |
2359 | of this library (this is because it only consumes, never | |
2360 | provides, services of/to other APIs). To make the transition | |
8b7d0494 | 2361 | easy from the separate libraries to the unified one, we |
4c2413bf | 2362 | provide the --enable-compat-libs compile-time switch which |
e49b5aad LP |
2363 | will generate stub libraries that are compatible with the |
2364 | old ones but redirect all calls to the new one. | |
2365 | ||
8b7d0494 | 2366 | * All of the kdbus logic and the new APIs "sd-bus.h", |
e49b5aad | 2367 | "sd-memfd.h", "sd-event.h", "sd-rtnl.h", "sd-resolve.h", |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
2368 | and "sd-utf8.h" are compile-time optional via the |
2369 | "--enable-kdbus" switch, and they are not compiled in by | |
2370 | default. To make use of kdbus, you have to explicitly enable | |
4c2413bf | 2371 | the switch. Note however, that neither the kernel nor the |
e49b5aad LP |
2372 | userspace API for all of this is considered stable yet. We |
2373 | want to maintain the freedom to still change the APIs for | |
4c2413bf | 2374 | now. By specifying this build-time switch, you acknowledge |
e49b5aad | 2375 | that you are aware of the instability of the current |
ad42cf73 KS |
2376 | APIs. |
2377 | ||
2378 | * Also, note that while kdbus is pretty much complete, | |
e49b5aad | 2379 | it lacks one thing: proper policy support. This means you |
8b7d0494 | 2380 | can build a fully working system with all features; however, |
4c2413bf JE |
2381 | it will be highly insecure. Policy support will be added in |
2382 | one of the next releases, at the same time that we will | |
2383 | declare the APIs stable. | |
e49b5aad | 2384 | |
81c7dd89 | 2385 | * When the kernel command line argument "kdbus" is specified, |
ad42cf73 | 2386 | systemd will automatically load the kdbus.ko kernel module. At |
8b7d0494 | 2387 | this stage of development, it is only useful for testing kdbus |
ad42cf73 | 2388 | and should not be used in production. Note: if "--enable-kdbus" |
8b7d0494 | 2389 | is specified, and the kdbus.ko kernel module is available, and |
ad42cf73 KS |
2390 | "kdbus" is added to the kernel command line, the entire system |
2391 | runs with kdbus instead of dbus-daemon, with the above mentioned | |
2392 | problem of missing the system policy enforcement. Also a future | |
2393 | version of kdbus.ko or a newer systemd will not be compatible with | |
2394 | each other, and will unlikely be able to boot the machine if only | |
2395 | one of them is updated. | |
2396 | ||
e49b5aad | 2397 | * systemctl gained a new "import-environment" command which |
4c2413bf | 2398 | uploads the caller's environment (or parts thereof) into the |
e49b5aad LP |
2399 | service manager so that it is inherited by services started |
2400 | by the manager. This is useful to upload variables like | |
2401 | $DISPLAY into the user service manager. | |
2402 | ||
2403 | * A new PrivateDevices= switch has been added to service units | |
2404 | which allows running a service with a namespaced /dev | |
2405 | directory that does not contain any device nodes for | |
4c2413bf | 2406 | physical devices. More specifically, it only includes devices |
8b7d0494 | 2407 | such as /dev/null, /dev/urandom, and /dev/zero which are API |
e49b5aad LP |
2408 | entry points. |
2409 | ||
2410 | * logind has been extended to support behaviour like VT | |
2411 | switching on seats that do not support a VT. This makes | |
2412 | multi-session available on seats that are not the first seat | |
2413 | (seat0), and on systems where kernel support for VTs has | |
8b7d0494 | 2414 | been disabled at compile-time. |
e49b5aad LP |
2415 | |
2416 | * If a process holds a delay lock for system sleep or shutdown | |
1e190502 | 2417 | and fails to release it in time, we will now log its |
e49b5aad LP |
2418 | identity. This makes it easier to identify processes that |
2419 | cause slow suspends or power-offs. | |
2420 | ||
1e190502 ZJS |
2421 | * When parsing /etc/crypttab, support for a new key-slot= |
2422 | option as supported by Debian is added. It allows indicating | |
2423 | which LUKS slot to use on disk, speeding up key loading. | |
e49b5aad | 2424 | |
1e190502 ZJS |
2425 | * The sd_journald_sendv() API call has been checked and |
2426 | officially declared to be async-signal-safe so that it may | |
2427 | be invoked from signal handlers for logging purposes. | |
e49b5aad LP |
2428 | |
2429 | * Boot-time status output is now enabled automatically after a | |
2430 | short timeout if boot does not progress, in order to give | |
8e420494 | 2431 | the user an indication what she or he is waiting for. |
1e190502 ZJS |
2432 | |
2433 | * The boot-time output has been improved to show how much time | |
2434 | remains until jobs expire. | |
e49b5aad LP |
2435 | |
2436 | * The KillMode= switch in service units gained a new possible | |
8b7d0494 | 2437 | value "mixed". If set, and the unit is shut down, then the |
e49b5aad | 2438 | initial SIGTERM signal is sent only to the main daemon |
8e420494 | 2439 | process, while the following SIGKILL signal is sent to |
e49b5aad LP |
2440 | all remaining processes of the service. |
2441 | ||
4c2413bf JE |
2442 | * When a scope unit is registered, a new property "Controller" |
2443 | may be set. If set to a valid bus name, systemd will send a | |
e49b5aad LP |
2444 | RequestStop() signal to this name when it would like to shut |
2445 | down the scope. This may be used to hook manager logic into | |
2446 | the shutdown logic of scope units. Also, scope units may now | |
8b7d0494 | 2447 | be put in a special "abandoned" state, in which case the |
e49b5aad LP |
2448 | manager process which created them takes no further |
2449 | responsibilities for it. | |
2450 | ||
1e190502 | 2451 | * When reading unit files, systemd will now verify |
e49b5aad LP |
2452 | the access mode of these files, and warn about certain |
2453 | suspicious combinations. This has been added to make it | |
2454 | easier to track down packaging bugs where unit files are | |
2455 | marked executable or world-writable. | |
2456 | ||
2457 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new "--setenv=" switch to set | |
8b7d0494 | 2458 | container-wide environment variables. The similar option in |
1e190502 ZJS |
2459 | systemd-activate was renamed from "--environment=" to |
2460 | "--setenv=" for consistency. | |
e49b5aad LP |
2461 | |
2462 | * systemd-nspawn has been updated to create a new kdbus domain | |
2463 | for each container that is invoked, thus allowing each | |
b9761003 | 2464 | container to have its own set of system and user buses, |
8b7d0494 | 2465 | independent of the host. |
e49b5aad LP |
2466 | |
2467 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --drop-capability= switch to run | |
2468 | the container with less capabilities than the default. Both | |
b9761003 | 2469 | --drop-capability= and --capability= now take the special |
e49b5aad LP |
2470 | string "all" for dropping or keeping all capabilities. |
2471 | ||
2472 | * systemd-nspawn gained new switches for executing containers | |
2473 | with specific SELinux labels set. | |
2474 | ||
2475 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --quiet switch to not generate | |
2476 | any additional output but the container's own console | |
2477 | output. | |
2478 | ||
2479 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --share-system switch to run a | |
2480 | container without PID namespacing enabled. | |
2481 | ||
2482 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --register= switch to control | |
1e190502 | 2483 | whether the container is registered with systemd-machined or |
8e420494 | 2484 | not. This is useful for containers that do not run full |
e49b5aad LP |
2485 | OS images, but only specific apps. |
2486 | ||
2487 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --keep-unit which may be used | |
8b7d0494 | 2488 | when invoked as the only program from a service unit, and |
e49b5aad | 2489 | results in registration of the unit service itself in |
1e190502 | 2490 | systemd-machined, instead of a newly opened scope unit. |
e49b5aad LP |
2491 | |
2492 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --network-interface= switch for | |
2493 | moving arbitrary interfaces to the container. The new | |
4c2413bf | 2494 | --network-veth switch creates a virtual Ethernet connection |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
2495 | between host and container. The new --network-bridge= |
2496 | switch then allows assigning the host side of this virtual | |
2497 | Ethernet connection to a bridge device. | |
e49b5aad | 2498 | |
6afc95b7 LP |
2499 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --personality= switch for |
2500 | setting the kernel personality for the container. This is | |
70a44afe | 2501 | useful when running a 32-bit container on a 64-bit host. A |
b8bde116 JE |
2502 | similar option Personality= is now also available for service |
2503 | units to use. | |
6afc95b7 | 2504 | |
e49b5aad LP |
2505 | * logind will now also track a "Desktop" identifier for each |
2506 | session which encodes the desktop environment of it. This is | |
2507 | useful for desktop environments that want to identify | |
2508 | multiple running sessions of itself easily. | |
2509 | ||
2510 | * A new SELinuxContext= setting for service units has been | |
2511 | added that allows setting a specific SELinux execution | |
2512 | context for a service. | |
2513 | ||
2514 | * Most systemd client tools will now honour $SYSTEMD_LESS for | |
2515 | settings of the "less" pager. By default, these tools will | |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
2516 | override $LESS to allow certain operations to work, such as |
2517 | jump-to-the-end. With $SYSTEMD_LESS, it is possible to | |
e49b5aad LP |
2518 | influence this logic. |
2519 | ||
2520 | * systemd's "seccomp" hook-up has been changed to make use of | |
2521 | the libseccomp library instead of using its own | |
2522 | implementation. This has benefits for portability among | |
2523 | other things. | |
2524 | ||
4c2413bf | 2525 | * For usage together with SystemCallFilter=, a new |
8b7d0494 | 2526 | SystemCallErrorNumber= setting has been introduced that |
b8bde116 JE |
2527 | allows configuration of a system error number to be returned |
2528 | on filtered system calls, instead of immediately killing the | |
e49b5aad LP |
2529 | process. Also, SystemCallArchitectures= has been added to |
2530 | limit access to system calls of a particular architecture | |
2531 | (in order to turn off support for unused secondary | |
4c2413bf | 2532 | architectures). There is also a global |
8b7d0494 | 2533 | SystemCallArchitectures= setting in system.conf now to turn |
e49b5aad LP |
2534 | off support for non-native system calls system-wide. |
2535 | ||
210054d7 KS |
2536 | * systemd requires a kernel with a working name_to_handle_at(), |
2537 | please see the kernel config requirements in the README file. | |
2538 | ||
e49b5aad LP |
2539 | Contributions from: Adam Williamson, Alex Jia, Anatol Pomozov, |
2540 | Ansgar Burchardt, AppleBloom, Auke Kok, Bastien Nocera, | |
2541 | Chengwei Yang, Christian Seiler, Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters, | |
2542 | Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Daniele Medri, Daniel J | |
2543 | Walsh, Daniel Mack, Dan McGee, Dave Reisner, David Coppa, | |
2544 | David Herrmann, David Strauss, Djalal Harouni, Dmitry Pisklov, | |
2545 | Elia Pinto, Florian Weimer, George McCollister, Goffredo | |
2546 | Baroncelli, Greg Kroah-Hartman, Hendrik Brueckner, Igor | |
2547 | Zhbanov, Jan Engelhardt, Jan Janssen, Jason A. Donenfeld, | |
2548 | Jason St. John, Jasper St. Pierre, Jóhann B. Guðmundsson, Jose | |
2549 | Ignacio Naranjo, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, Kristian Høgsberg, | |
2550 | Lennart Poettering, Lubomir Rintel, Lukas Nykryn, Lukasz | |
2551 | Skalski, Łukasz Stelmach, Luke Shumaker, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
2552 | Marc-Antoine Perennou, Marcel Holtmann, Marcos Felipe Rasia de | |
2553 | Mello, Marko Myllynen, Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Michael | |
2554 | Marineau, Michael Scherer, Michał Górny, Michal Sekletar, | |
2555 | Michele Curti, Oleksii Shevchuk, Olivier Brunel, Patrik Flykt, | |
2556 | Pavel Holica, Raudi, Richard Marko, Ronny Chevalier, Sébastien | |
2557 | Luttringer, Sergey Ptashnick, Shawn Landden, Simon Peeters, | |
2558 | Stefan Beller, Susant Sahani, Sylvain Plantefeve, Sylvia Else, | |
2559 | Tero Roponen, Thomas Bächler, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, | |
2560 | Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Unai Uribarri, Václav | |
2561 | Pavlín, Vincent Batts, WaLyong Cho, William Giokas, Yang | |
2562 | Zhiyong, Yin Kangkai, Yuxuan Shui, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
2563 | ||
6300b3ec | 2564 | -- Berlin, 2014-02-20 |
e49b5aad | 2565 | |
cd4010b3 LP |
2566 | CHANGES WITH 208: |
2567 | ||
2568 | * logind has gained support for facilitating privileged input | |
2569 | and drm device access for unprivileged clients. This work is | |
2570 | useful to allow Wayland display servers (and similar | |
2571 | programs, such as kmscon) to run under the user's ID and | |
2572 | access input and drm devices which are normally | |
2573 | protected. When this is used (and the kernel is new enough) | |
2574 | logind will "mute" IO on the file descriptors passed to | |
2575 | Wayland as long as it is in the background and "unmute" it | |
2576 | if it returns into the foreground. This allows secure | |
2577 | session switching without allowing background sessions to | |
2578 | eavesdrop on input and display data. This also introduces | |
2579 | session switching support if VT support is turned off in the | |
2580 | kernel, and on seats that are not seat0. | |
2581 | ||
2582 | * A new kernel command line option luks.options= is understood | |
06b643e7 | 2583 | now which allows specifying LUKS options for usage for LUKS |
cd4010b3 LP |
2584 | encrypted partitions specified with luks.uuid=. |
2585 | ||
2586 | * tmpfiles.d(5) snippets may now use specifier expansion in | |
2587 | path names. More specifically %m, %b, %H, %v, are now | |
2588 | replaced by the local machine id, boot id, hostname, and | |
2589 | kernel version number. | |
2590 | ||
2591 | * A new tmpfiles.d(5) command "m" has been introduced which | |
2592 | may be used to change the owner/group/access mode of a file | |
d28315e4 | 2593 | or directory if it exists, but do nothing if it does not. |
cd4010b3 LP |
2594 | |
2595 | * This release removes high-level support for the | |
2596 | MemorySoftLimit= cgroup setting. The underlying kernel | |
2597 | cgroup attribute memory.soft_limit= is currently badly | |
2598 | designed and likely to be removed from the kernel API in its | |
d28315e4 | 2599 | current form, hence we should not expose it for now. |
cd4010b3 LP |
2600 | |
2601 | * The memory.use_hierarchy cgroup attribute is now enabled for | |
2602 | all cgroups systemd creates in the memory cgroup | |
2603 | hierarchy. This option is likely to be come the built-in | |
cc98b302 TH |
2604 | default in the kernel anyway, and the non-hierarchical mode |
2605 | never made much sense in the intrinsically hierarchical | |
cd4010b3 LP |
2606 | cgroup system. |
2607 | ||
2608 | * A new field _SYSTEMD_SLICE= is logged along with all journal | |
2609 | messages containing the slice a message was generated | |
2610 | from. This is useful to allow easy per-customer filtering of | |
2611 | logs among other things. | |
2612 | ||
2613 | * systemd-journald will no longer adjust the group of journal | |
2614 | files it creates to the "systemd-journal" group. Instead we | |
2615 | rely on the journal directory to be owned by the | |
2616 | "systemd-journal" group, and its setgid bit set, so that the | |
2617 | kernel file system layer will automatically enforce that | |
2618 | journal files inherit this group assignment. The reason for | |
2619 | this change is that we cannot allow NSS look-ups from | |
2620 | journald which would be necessary to resolve | |
2621 | "systemd-journal" to a numeric GID, because this might | |
2622 | create deadlocks if NSS involves synchronous queries to | |
2623 | other daemons (such as nscd, or sssd) which in turn are | |
2624 | logging clients of journald and might block on it, which | |
2625 | would then dead lock. A tmpfiles.d(5) snippet included in | |
2626 | systemd will make sure the setgid bit and group are | |
2627 | properly set on the journal directory if it exists on every | |
2628 | boot. However, we recommend adjusting it manually after | |
2629 | upgrades too (or from RPM scriptlets), so that the change is | |
2630 | not delayed until next reboot. | |
2631 | ||
2632 | * Backlight and random seed files in /var/lib/ have moved into | |
2633 | the /var/lib/systemd/ directory, in order to centralize all | |
2634 | systemd generated files in one directory. | |
2635 | ||
2636 | * Boot time performance measurements (as displayed by | |
2637 | "systemd-analyze" for example) will now read ACPI 5.0 FPDT | |
2638 | performance information if that's available to determine how | |
2639 | much time BIOS and boot loader initialization required. With | |
2640 | a sufficiently new BIOS you hence no longer need to boot | |
2641 | with Gummiboot to get access to such information. | |
2642 | ||
2643 | Contributions from: Andrey Borzenkov, Chen Jie, Colin Walters, | |
2644 | Cristian Rodríguez, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, David | |
2645 | Mackey, David Strauss, Eelco Dolstra, Evan Callicoat, Gao | |
2646 | feng, Harald Hoyer, Jimmie Tauriainen, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
2647 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Martin Pitt, | |
2648 | Michael Scherer, Michał Górny, Mike Gilbert, Patrick McCarty, | |
2649 | Sebastian Ott, Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
2650 | ||
2651 | -- Berlin, 2013-10-02 | |
2652 | ||
4f0be680 LP |
2653 | CHANGES WITH 207: |
2654 | ||
2655 | * The Restart= option for services now understands a new | |
f3a165b0 | 2656 | on-watchdog setting, which will restart the service |
4f0be680 LP |
2657 | automatically if the service stops sending out watchdog keep |
2658 | alive messages (as configured with WatchdogSec=). | |
2659 | ||
2660 | * The getty generator (which is responsible for bringing up a | |
2661 | getty on configured serial consoles) will no longer only | |
2662 | start a getty on the primary kernel console but on all | |
2663 | others, too. This makes the order in which console= is | |
2664 | specified on the kernel command line less important. | |
2665 | ||
2666 | * libsystemd-logind gained a new sd_session_get_vt() call to | |
2667 | retrieve the VT number of a session. | |
2668 | ||
2669 | * If the option "tries=0" is set for an entry of /etc/crypttab | |
2670 | its passphrase is queried indefinitely instead of any | |
2671 | maximum number of tries. | |
2672 | ||
2673 | * If a service with a configure PID file terminates its PID | |
2674 | file will now be removed automatically if it still exists | |
2675 | afterwards. This should put an end to stale PID files. | |
2676 | ||
2677 | * systemd-run will now also take relative binary path names | |
2678 | for execution and no longer insists on absolute paths. | |
2679 | ||
2680 | * InaccessibleDirectories= and ReadOnlyDirectories= now take | |
2681 | paths that are optionally prefixed with "-" to indicate that | |
d28315e4 | 2682 | it should not be considered a failure if they do not exist. |
4f0be680 | 2683 | |
f3a165b0 KS |
2684 | * journalctl -o (and similar commands) now understands a new |
2685 | output mode "short-precise", it is similar to "short" but | |
4f0be680 LP |
2686 | shows timestamps with usec accuracy. |
2687 | ||
2688 | * The option "discard" (as known from Debian) is now | |
2689 | synonymous to "allow-discards" in /etc/crypttab. In fact, | |
387abf80 | 2690 | "discard" is preferred now (since it is easier to remember |
4f0be680 LP |
2691 | and type). |
2692 | ||
f3a165b0 | 2693 | * Some licensing clean-ups were made, so that more code is now |
4f0be680 LP |
2694 | LGPL-2.1 licensed than before. |
2695 | ||
2696 | * A minimal tool to save/restore the display backlight | |
2697 | brightness across reboots has been added. It will store the | |
f3a165b0 | 2698 | backlight setting as late as possible at shutdown, and |
4f0be680 LP |
2699 | restore it as early as possible during reboot. |
2700 | ||
2701 | * A logic to automatically discover and enable home and swap | |
2702 | partitions on GPT disks has been added. With this in place | |
2703 | /etc/fstab becomes optional for many setups as systemd can | |
2704 | discover certain partitions located on the root disk | |
2705 | automatically. Home partitions are recognized under their | |
2706 | GPT type ID 933ac7e12eb44f13b8440e14e2aef915. Swap | |
2707 | partitions are recognized under their GPT type ID | |
2708 | 0657fd6da4ab43c484e50933c84b4f4f. | |
2709 | ||
2710 | * systemd will no longer pass any environment from the kernel | |
2711 | or initrd to system services. If you want to set an | |
2712 | environment for all services, do so via the kernel command | |
2713 | line systemd.setenv= assignment. | |
2714 | ||
387abf80 LP |
2715 | * The systemd-sysctl tool no longer natively reads the file |
2716 | /etc/sysctl.conf. If desired, the file should be symlinked | |
2717 | from /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf. Apart from providing | |
2718 | legacy support by a symlink rather than built-in code, it | |
2719 | also makes the otherwise hidden order of application of the | |
2720 | different files visible. (Note that this partly reverts to a | |
2721 | pre-198 application order of sysctl knobs!) | |
04bf3c1a | 2722 | |
4f0be680 LP |
2723 | * The "systemctl set-log-level" and "systemctl dump" commands |
2724 | have been moved to systemd-analyze. | |
2725 | ||
2726 | * systemd-run learned the new --remain-after-exit switch, | |
2727 | which causes the scope unit not to be cleaned up | |
2728 | automatically after the process terminated. | |
2729 | ||
2730 | * tmpfiles learned a new --exclude-prefix= switch to exclude | |
2731 | certain paths from operation. | |
2732 | ||
2733 | * journald will now automatically flush all messages to disk | |
f47ad593 ZJS |
2734 | as soon as a message at the log level CRIT, ALERT or EMERG |
2735 | is received. | |
4f0be680 LP |
2736 | |
2737 | Contributions from: Andrew Cook, Brandon Philips, Christian | |
2738 | Hesse, Christoph Junghans, Colin Walters, Daniel Schaal, | |
2739 | Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Gao feng, George | |
2740 | McCollister, Giovanni Campagna, Hannes Reinecke, Harald Hoyer, | |
2741 | Herczeg Zsolt, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Jan Engelhardt, | |
2742 | Jesper Larsen, Kay Sievers, Khem Raj, Lennart Poettering, | |
2743 | Lukas Nykryn, Maciej Wereski, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel | |
2744 | Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Marineau, | |
2745 | Michael Scherer, Michael Stapelberg, Michal Sekletar, Michał | |
2746 | Górny, Olivier Brunel, Ondrej Balaz, Ronny Chevalier, Shawn | |
2747 | Landden, Steven Hiscocks, Thomas Bächler, Thomas Hindoe | |
2748 | Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, WANG Chao, | |
2749 | William Giokas, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
2750 | ||
2751 | -- Berlin, 2013-09-13 | |
2752 | ||
408f281b LP |
2753 | CHANGES WITH 206: |
2754 | ||
2755 | * The documentation has been updated to cover the various new | |
2756 | concepts introduced with 205. | |
2757 | ||
2758 | * Unit files now understand the new %v specifier which | |
2759 | resolves to the kernel version string as returned by "uname | |
2760 | -r". | |
2761 | ||
2762 | * systemctl now supports filtering the unit list output by | |
2763 | load state, active state and sub state, using the new | |
33b521be | 2764 | --state= parameter. |
408f281b LP |
2765 | |
2766 | * "systemctl status" will now show the results of the | |
2767 | condition checks (like ConditionPathExists= and similar) of | |
2768 | the last start attempts of the unit. They are also logged to | |
2769 | the journal. | |
2770 | ||
2771 | * "journalctl -b" may now be used to look for boot output of a | |
2772 | specific boot. Try "journalctl -b -1" for the previous boot, | |
2773 | but the syntax is substantially more powerful. | |
2774 | ||
2775 | * "journalctl --show-cursor" has been added which prints the | |
2776 | cursor string the last shown log line. This may then be used | |
2777 | with the new "journalctl --after-cursor=" switch to continue | |
2778 | browsing logs from that point on. | |
2779 | ||
2780 | * "journalctl --force" may now be used to force regeneration | |
2781 | of an FSS key. | |
2782 | ||
251cc819 LP |
2783 | * Creation of "dead" device nodes has been moved from udev |
2784 | into kmod and tmpfiles. Previously, udev would read the kmod | |
2785 | databases to pre-generate dead device nodes based on meta | |
2786 | information contained in kernel modules, so that these would | |
2787 | be auto-loaded on access rather then at boot. As this | |
d28315e4 | 2788 | does not really have much to do with the exposing actual |
251cc819 LP |
2789 | kernel devices to userspace this has always been slightly |
2790 | alien in the udev codebase. Following the new scheme kmod | |
2791 | will now generate a runtime snippet for tmpfiles from the | |
2792 | module meta information and it now is tmpfiles' job to the | |
2793 | create the nodes. This also allows overriding access and | |
2794 | other parameters for the nodes using the usual tmpfiles | |
2795 | facilities. As side effect this allows us to remove the | |
2796 | CAP_SYS_MKNOD capability bit from udevd entirely. | |
2797 | ||
2798 | * logind's device ACLs may now be applied to these "dead" | |
2799 | devices nodes too, thus finally allowing managed access to | |
2800 | devices such as /dev/snd/sequencer whithout loading the | |
2801 | backing module right-away. | |
408f281b LP |
2802 | |
2803 | * A new RPM macro has been added that may be used to apply | |
2804 | tmpfiles configuration during package installation. | |
2805 | ||
2806 | * systemd-detect-virt and ConditionVirtualization= now can | |
2807 | detect User-Mode-Linux machines (UML). | |
2808 | ||
251cc819 LP |
2809 | * journald will now implicitly log the effective capabilities |
2810 | set of processes in the message metadata. | |
408f281b LP |
2811 | |
2812 | * systemd-cryptsetup has gained support for TrueCrypt volumes. | |
2813 | ||
2814 | * The initrd interface has been simplified (more specifically, | |
2815 | support for passing performance data via environment | |
2816 | variables and fsck results via files in /run has been | |
2817 | removed). These features were non-essential, and are | |
2818 | nowadays available in a much nicer way by having systemd in | |
2819 | the initrd serialize its state and have the hosts systemd | |
2820 | deserialize it again. | |
2821 | ||
28f5c779 KS |
2822 | * The udev "keymap" data files and tools to apply keyboard |
2823 | specific mappings of scan to key codes, and force-release | |
2824 | scan code lists have been entirely replaced by a udev | |
2825 | "keyboard" builtin and a hwdb data file. | |
408f281b | 2826 | |
251cc819 LP |
2827 | * systemd will now honour the kernel's "quiet" command line |
2828 | argument also during late shutdown, resulting in a | |
2829 | completely silent shutdown when used. | |
2830 | ||
2831 | * There's now an option to control the SO_REUSEPORT socket | |
2832 | option in .socket units. | |
2833 | ||
2834 | * Instance units will now automatically get a per-template | |
2835 | subslice of system.slice unless something else is explicitly | |
2836 | configured. For example, instances of sshd@.service will now | |
2837 | implicitly be placed in system-sshd.slice rather than | |
2838 | system.slice as before. | |
2839 | ||
2840 | * Test coverage support may now be enabled at build time. | |
2841 | ||
2842 | Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Frederic Crozat, Harald | |
2843 | Hoyer, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Jan Engelhardt, Jan | |
2844 | Janssen, Jason St. John, Jesper Larsen, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
2845 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Maciej Wereski, Martin Pitt, Michael | |
2846 | Olbrich, Ramkumar Ramachandra, Ross Lagerwall, Shawn Landden, | |
2847 | Thomas H.P. Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Tomasz Torcz, William | |
2848 | Giokas, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
2849 | ||
4f0be680 LP |
2850 | -- Berlin, 2013-07-23 |
2851 | ||
00aa832b LP |
2852 | CHANGES WITH 205: |
2853 | ||
2854 | * Two new unit types have been introduced: | |
2855 | ||
2856 | Scope units are very similar to service units, however, are | |
2857 | created out of pre-existing processes -- instead of PID 1 | |
2858 | forking off the processes. By using scope units it is | |
2859 | possible for system services and applications to group their | |
2860 | own child processes (worker processes) in a powerful way | |
2861 | which then maybe used to organize them, or kill them | |
2862 | together, or apply resource limits on them. | |
2863 | ||
2864 | Slice units may be used to partition system resources in an | |
cc98b302 | 2865 | hierarchical fashion and then assign other units to them. By |
00aa832b LP |
2866 | default there are now three slices: system.slice (for all |
2867 | system services), user.slice (for all user sessions), | |
2868 | machine.slice (for VMs and containers). | |
2869 | ||
2870 | Slices and scopes have been introduced primarily in | |
2871 | context of the work to move cgroup handling to a | |
2872 | single-writer scheme, where only PID 1 | |
2873 | creates/removes/manages cgroups. | |
2874 | ||
2875 | * There's a new concept of "transient" units. In contrast to | |
2876 | normal units these units are created via an API at runtime, | |
2877 | not from configuration from disk. More specifically this | |
2878 | means it is now possible to run arbitrary programs as | |
2879 | independent services, with all execution parameters passed | |
2880 | in via bus APIs rather than read from disk. Transient units | |
2881 | make systemd substantially more dynamic then it ever was, | |
2882 | and useful as a general batch manager. | |
2883 | ||
2884 | * logind has been updated to make use of scope and slice units | |
2885 | for managing user sessions. As a user logs in he will get | |
2886 | his own private slice unit, to which all sessions are added | |
2887 | as scope units. We also added support for automatically | |
2888 | adding an instance of user@.service for the user into the | |
2889 | slice. Effectively logind will no longer create cgroup | |
2890 | hierarchies on its own now, it will defer entirely to PID 1 | |
2891 | for this by means of scope, service and slice units. Since | |
2892 | user sessions this way become entities managed by PID 1 | |
2893 | the output of "systemctl" is now a lot more comprehensive. | |
2894 | ||
2895 | * A new mini-daemon "systemd-machined" has been added which | |
2896 | may be used by virtualization managers to register local | |
2897 | VMs/containers. nspawn has been updated accordingly, and | |
2898 | libvirt will be updated shortly. machined will collect a bit | |
2899 | of meta information about the VMs/containers, and assign | |
2900 | them their own scope unit (see above). The collected | |
2901 | meta-data is then made available via the "machinectl" tool, | |
2902 | and exposed in "ps" and similar tools. machined/machinectl | |
2903 | is compile-time optional. | |
2904 | ||
2905 | * As discussed earlier, the low-level cgroup configuration | |
2906 | options ControlGroup=, ControlGroupModify=, | |
2907 | ControlGroupPersistent=, ControlGroupAttribute= have been | |
2908 | removed. Please use high-level attribute settings instead as | |
2909 | well as slice units. | |
2910 | ||
2911 | * A new bus call SetUnitProperties() has been added to alter | |
2912 | various runtime parameters of a unit. This is primarily | |
2913 | useful to alter cgroup parameters dynamically in a nice way, | |
2914 | but will be extended later on to make more properties | |
2915 | modifiable at runtime. systemctl gained a new set-properties | |
2916 | command that wraps this call. | |
2917 | ||
2918 | * A new tool "systemd-run" has been added which can be used to | |
2919 | run arbitrary command lines as transient services or scopes, | |
2920 | while configuring a number of settings via the command | |
2921 | line. This tool is currently very basic, however already | |
2922 | very useful. We plan to extend this tool to even allow | |
2923 | queuing of execution jobs with time triggers from the | |
2924 | command line, similar in fashion to "at". | |
2925 | ||
2926 | * nspawn will now inform the user explicitly that kernels with | |
2927 | audit enabled break containers, and suggest the user to turn | |
2928 | off audit. | |
2929 | ||
2930 | * Support for detecting the IMA and AppArmor security | |
2931 | frameworks with ConditionSecurity= has been added. | |
2932 | ||
2933 | * journalctl gained a new "-k" switch for showing only kernel | |
1fda0ab5 ZJS |
2934 | messages, mimicking dmesg output; in addition to "--user" |
2935 | and "--system" switches for showing only user's own logs | |
2936 | and system logs. | |
00aa832b LP |
2937 | |
2938 | * systemd-delta can now show information about drop-in | |
2939 | snippets extending unit files. | |
2940 | ||
2941 | * libsystemd-bus has been substantially updated but is still | |
2942 | not available as public API. | |
2943 | ||
2944 | * systemd will now look for the "debug" argument on the kernel | |
499b604b | 2945 | command line and enable debug logging, similar to what |
00aa832b LP |
2946 | "systemd.log_level=debug" already did before. |
2947 | ||
2948 | * "systemctl set-default", "systemctl get-default" has been | |
2949 | added to configure the default.target symlink, which | |
2950 | controls what to boot into by default. | |
2951 | ||
1fda0ab5 ZJS |
2952 | * "systemctl set-log-level" has been added as a convenient |
2953 | way to raise and lower systemd logging threshold. | |
2954 | ||
00aa832b LP |
2955 | * "systemd-analyze plot" will now show the time the various |
2956 | generators needed for execution, as well as information | |
2957 | about the unit file loading. | |
2958 | ||
00aa832b LP |
2959 | * libsystemd-journal gained a new sd_journal_open_files() call |
2960 | for opening specific journal files. journactl also gained a | |
2961 | new switch to expose this new functionality. Previously we | |
2962 | only supported opening all files from a directory, or all | |
2963 | files from the system, as opening individual files only is | |
2964 | racy due to journal file rotation. | |
2965 | ||
2966 | * systemd gained the new DefaultEnvironment= setting in | |
2967 | /etc/systemd/system.conf to set environment variables for | |
2968 | all services. | |
2969 | ||
2970 | * If a privileged process logs a journal message with the | |
2971 | OBJECT_PID= field set, then journald will automatically | |
2972 | augment this with additional OBJECT_UID=, OBJECT_GID=, | |
2973 | OBJECT_COMM=, OBJECT_EXE=, ... fields. This is useful if | |
2974 | system services want to log events about specific client | |
2975 | processes. journactl/systemctl has been updated to make use | |
2976 | of this information if all log messages regarding a specific | |
2977 | unit is requested. | |
2978 | ||
2979 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Chengwei Yang, Colin Walters, | |
2980 | Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Albers, Daniel Wallace, Dave | |
2981 | Reisner, David Coppa, David King, David Strauss, Eelco | |
2982 | Dolstra, Gabriel de Perthuis, Harald Hoyer, Jan Alexander | |
2983 | Steffens, Jan Engelhardt, Jan Janssen, Jason St. John, Johan | |
2984 | Heikkilä, Karel Zak, Karol Lewandowski, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
2985 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marius Vollmer, | |
2986 | Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, Michael Tremer, | |
2987 | Michal Schmidt, Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Nirbheek Chauhan, | |
2988 | Pierre Neidhardt, Ross Burton, Ross Lagerwall, Sean McGovern, | |
2989 | Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, | |
2990 | Václav Pavlín, Zachary Cook, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, | |
2991 | Łukasz Stelmach, 장동준 | |
2992 | ||
606c24e3 LP |
2993 | CHANGES WITH 204: |
2994 | ||
2995 | * The Python bindings gained some minimal support for the APIs | |
2996 | exposed by libsystemd-logind. | |
2997 | ||
2998 | * ConditionSecurity= gained support for detecting SMACK. Since | |
2999 | this condition already supports SELinux and AppArmor we only | |
3000 | miss IMA for this. Patches welcome! | |
3001 | ||
3002 | Contributions from: Karol Lewandowski, Lennart Poettering, | |
3003 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
3004 | ||
2f3fcf85 LP |
3005 | CHANGES WITH 203: |
3006 | ||
3007 | * systemd-nspawn will now create /etc/resolv.conf if | |
3008 | necessary, before bind-mounting the host's file onto it. | |
3009 | ||
3010 | * systemd-nspawn will now store meta information about a | |
3011 | container on the container's cgroup as extended attribute | |
3012 | fields, including the root directory. | |
3013 | ||
3014 | * The cgroup hierarchy has been reworked in many ways. All | |
3015 | objects any of the components systemd creates in the cgroup | |
b82eed9a | 3016 | tree are now suffixed. More specifically, user sessions are |
2f3fcf85 LP |
3017 | now placed in cgroups suffixed with ".session", users in |
3018 | cgroups suffixed with ".user", and nspawn containers in | |
3019 | cgroups suffixed with ".nspawn". Furthermore, all cgroup | |
3020 | names are now escaped in a simple scheme to avoid collision | |
3021 | of userspace object names with kernel filenames. This work | |
3022 | is preparation for making these objects relocatable in the | |
3023 | cgroup tree, in order to allow easy resource partitioning of | |
3024 | these objects without causing naming conflicts. | |
3025 | ||
3026 | * systemctl list-dependencies gained the new switches | |
3027 | --plain, --reverse, --after and --before. | |
3028 | ||
3029 | * systemd-inhibit now shows the process name of processes that | |
3030 | have taken an inhibitor lock. | |
3031 | ||
3032 | * nss-myhostname will now also resolve "localhost" | |
3033 | implicitly. This makes /etc/hosts an optional file and | |
3034 | nicely handles that on IPv6 ::1 maps to both "localhost" and | |
3035 | the local hostname. | |
3036 | ||
3037 | * libsystemd-logind.so gained a new call | |
3038 | sd_get_machine_names() to enumerate running containers and | |
3039 | VMs (currently only supported by very new libvirt and | |
3040 | nspawn). sd_login_monitor can now be used to watch | |
3041 | VMs/containers coming and going. | |
3042 | ||
3043 | * .include is not allowed recursively anymore, and only in | |
3044 | unit files. Usually it is better to use drop-in snippets in | |
3045 | .d/*.conf anyway, as introduced with systemd 198. | |
3046 | ||
3047 | * systemd-analyze gained a new "critical-chain" command that | |
3048 | determines the slowest chain of units run during system | |
3049 | boot-up. It is very useful for tracking down where | |
3050 | optimizing boot time is the most beneficial. | |
3051 | ||
3052 | * systemd will no longer allow manipulating service paths in | |
3053 | the name=systemd:/system cgroup tree using ControlGroup= in | |
3054 | units. (But is still fine with it in all other dirs.) | |
3055 | ||
3056 | * There's a new systemd-nspawn@.service service file that may | |
3057 | be used to easily run nspawn containers as system | |
3058 | services. With the container's root directory in | |
3059 | /var/lib/container/foobar it is now sufficient to run | |
3060 | "systemctl start systemd-nspawn@foobar.service" to boot it. | |
3061 | ||
3062 | * systemd-cgls gained a new parameter "--machine" to list only | |
3063 | the processes within a certain container. | |
3064 | ||
3065 | * ConditionSecurity= now can check for "apparmor". We still | |
3066 | are lacking checks for SMACK and IMA for this condition | |
3067 | check though. Patches welcome! | |
3068 | ||
3069 | * A new configuration file /etc/systemd/sleep.conf has been | |
3070 | added that may be used to configure which kernel operation | |
3071 | systemd is supposed to execute when "suspend", "hibernate" | |
3072 | or "hybrid-sleep" is requested. This makes the new kernel | |
3073 | "freeze" state accessible to the user. | |
3074 | ||
3075 | * ENV{SYSTEMD_WANTS} in udev rules will now implicitly escape | |
3076 | the passed argument if applicable. | |
3077 | ||
3078 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters, | |
3079 | Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, | |
3080 | Evangelos Foutras, Greg Kroah-Hartman, Harald Hoyer, Josh | |
3081 | Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, | |
3082 | MUNEDA Takahiro, Mantas Mikulėnas, Mirco Tischler, Nathaniel | |
3083 | Chen, Nirbheek Chauhan, Ronny Chevalier, Ross Lagerwall, Tom | |
3084 | Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, Ville Skyttä, Zbigniew | |
3085 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
3086 | ||
ef3b5246 LP |
3087 | CHANGES WITH 202: |
3088 | ||
3089 | * The output of 'systemctl list-jobs' got some polishing. The | |
3090 | '--type=' argument may now be passed more than once. A new | |
3091 | command 'systemctl list-sockets' has been added which shows | |
3092 | a list of kernel sockets systemd is listening on with the | |
3093 | socket units they belong to, plus the units these socket | |
3094 | units activate. | |
3095 | ||
3096 | * The experimental libsystemd-bus library got substantial | |
3097 | updates to work in conjunction with the (also experimental) | |
3098 | kdbus kernel project. It works well enough to exchange | |
3099 | messages with some sophistication. Note that kdbus is not | |
3100 | ready yet, and the library is mostly an elaborate test case | |
3101 | for now, and not installable. | |
3102 | ||
3103 | * systemd gained a new unit 'systemd-static-nodes.service' | |
3104 | that generates static device nodes earlier during boot, and | |
3105 | can run in conjunction with udev. | |
3106 | ||
3107 | * libsystemd-login gained a new call sd_pid_get_user_unit() | |
3108 | to retrieve the user systemd unit a process is running | |
3109 | in. This is useful for systems where systemd is used as | |
3110 | session manager. | |
3111 | ||
3112 | * systemd-nspawn now places all containers in the new /machine | |
3113 | top-level cgroup directory in the name=systemd | |
3114 | hierarchy. libvirt will soon do the same, so that we get a | |
3115 | uniform separation of /system, /user and /machine for system | |
3116 | services, user processes and containers/virtual | |
3117 | machines. This new cgroup hierarchy is also useful to stick | |
3118 | stable names to specific container instances, which can be | |
7c04ad2d | 3119 | recognized later this way (this name may be controlled |
ef3b5246 LP |
3120 | via systemd-nspawn's new -M switch). libsystemd-login also |
3121 | gained a new call sd_pid_get_machine_name() to retrieve the | |
3122 | name of the container/VM a specific process belongs to. | |
3123 | ||
3124 | * bootchart can now store its data in the journal. | |
3125 | ||
3126 | * libsystemd-journal gained a new call | |
3127 | sd_journal_add_conjunction() for AND expressions to the | |
3128 | matching logic. This can be used to express more complex | |
3129 | logical expressions. | |
3130 | ||
3131 | * journactl can now take multiple --unit= and --user-unit= | |
3132 | switches. | |
3133 | ||
3134 | * The cryptsetup logic now understands the "luks.key=" kernel | |
3135 | command line switch for specifying a file to read the | |
7c04ad2d | 3136 | decryption key from. Also, if a configured key file is not |
ef3b5246 LP |
3137 | found the tool will now automatically fall back to prompting |
3138 | the user. | |
3139 | ||
cbeabcfb ZJS |
3140 | * Python systemd.journal module was updated to wrap recently |
3141 | added functions from libsystemd-journal. The interface was | |
3142 | changed to bring the low level interface in s.j._Reader | |
3143 | closer to the C API, and the high level interface in | |
3144 | s.j.Reader was updated to wrap and convert all data about | |
3145 | an entry. | |
3146 | ||
ef3b5246 LP |
3147 | Contributions from: Anatol Pomozov, Auke Kok, Harald Hoyer, |
3148 | Henrik Grindal Bakken, Josh Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
3149 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas Marius Vollmer, | |
3150 | Martin Jansa, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michal Schmidt, | |
3151 | Mirco Tischler, Pali Rohar, Simon Peeters, Steven Hiscocks, | |
3152 | Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
3153 | ||
d3a86981 LP |
3154 | CHANGES WITH 201: |
3155 | ||
3156 | * journalctl --update-catalog now understands a new --root= | |
3157 | option to operate on catalogs found in a different root | |
3158 | directory. | |
3159 | ||
3160 | * During shutdown after systemd has terminated all running | |
3161 | services a final killing loop kills all remaining left-over | |
3162 | processes. We will now print the name of these processes | |
3163 | when we send SIGKILL to them, since this usually indicates a | |
3164 | problem. | |
3165 | ||
3166 | * If /etc/crypttab refers to password files stored on | |
3167 | configured mount points automatic dependencies will now be | |
3168 | generated to ensure the specific mount is established first | |
3169 | before the key file is attempted to be read. | |
3170 | ||
3171 | * 'systemctl status' will now show information about the | |
3172 | network sockets a socket unit is listening on. | |
3173 | ||
3174 | * 'systemctl status' will also shown information about any | |
3175 | drop-in configuration file for units. (Drop-In configuration | |
3176 | files in this context are files such as | |
3177 | /etc/systemd/systemd/foobar.service.d/*.conf) | |
3178 | ||
3179 | * systemd-cgtop now optionally shows summed up CPU times of | |
3180 | cgroups. Press '%' while running cgtop to switch between | |
3181 | percentage and absolute mode. This is useful to determine | |
3182 | which cgroups use up the most CPU time over the entire | |
3183 | runtime of the system. systemd-cgtop has also been updated | |
3184 | to be 'pipeable' for processing with further shell tools. | |
3185 | ||
3186 | * 'hostnamectl set-hostname' will now allow setting of FQDN | |
3187 | hostnames. | |
3188 | ||
3189 | * The formatting and parsing of time span values has been | |
3190 | changed. The parser now understands fractional expressions | |
3191 | such as "5.5h". The formatter will now output fractional | |
3192 | expressions for all time spans under 1min, i.e. "5.123456s" | |
3193 | rather than "5s 123ms 456us". For time spans under 1s | |
3194 | millisecond values are shown, for those under 1ms | |
3195 | microsecond values are shown. This should greatly improve | |
3196 | all time-related output of systemd. | |
3197 | ||
3198 | * libsystemd-login and libsystemd-journal gained new | |
3199 | functions for querying the poll() events mask and poll() | |
3200 | timeout value for integration into arbitrary event | |
3201 | loops. | |
3202 | ||
3203 | * localectl gained the ability to list available X11 keymaps | |
3204 | (models, layouts, variants, options). | |
3205 | ||
3206 | * 'systemd-analyze dot' gained the ability to filter for | |
3207 | specific units via shell-style globs, to create smaller, | |
d28315e4 | 3208 | more useful graphs. I.e. it is now possible to create simple |
d3a86981 LP |
3209 | graphs of all the dependencies between only target units, or |
3210 | of all units that Avahi has dependencies with. | |
3211 | ||
3212 | Contributions from: Cristian Rodríguez, Dr. Tilmann Bubeck, | |
3213 | Harald Hoyer, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Kay Sievers, Kelly | |
3214 | Anderson, Koen Kooi, Lennart Poettering, Maksim Melnikau, | |
3215 | Marc-Antoine Perennou, Marius Vollmer, Martin Pitt, Michal | |
3216 | Schmidt, Oleksii Shevchuk, Ronny Chevalier, Simon McVittie, | |
3217 | Steven Hiscocks, Thomas Weißschuh, Umut Tezduyar, Václav | |
3218 | Pavlín, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Łukasz Stelmach | |
3219 | ||
9ca3c17f LP |
3220 | CHANGES WITH 200: |
3221 | ||
3222 | * The boot-time readahead implementation for rotating media | |
3223 | will now read the read-ahead data in multiple passes which | |
3224 | consist of all read requests made in equidistant time | |
3225 | intervals. This means instead of strictly reading read-ahead | |
3226 | data in its physical order on disk we now try to find a | |
3227 | middle ground between physical and access time order. | |
3228 | ||
3229 | * /etc/os-release files gained a new BUILD_ID= field for usage | |
3230 | on operating systems that provide continuous builds of OS | |
3231 | images. | |
3232 | ||
3233 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Eelco Dolstra, Kay Sievers, | |
3234 | Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Martin Pitt, Václav Pavlín | |
3235 | William Douglas, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
3236 | ||
35911459 LP |
3237 | CHANGES WITH 199: |
3238 | ||
3239 | * systemd-python gained an API exposing libsystemd-daemon. | |
3240 | ||
3241 | * The SMACK setup logic gained support for uploading CIPSO | |
3242 | security policy. | |
3243 | ||
3244 | * Behaviour of PrivateTmp=, ReadWriteDirectories=, | |
3245 | ReadOnlyDirectories= and InaccessibleDirectories= has | |
3246 | changed. The private /tmp and /var/tmp directories are now | |
3247 | shared by all processes of a service (which means | |
3248 | ExecStartPre= may now leave data in /tmp that ExecStart= of | |
3249 | the same service can still access). When a service is | |
3250 | stopped its temporary directories are immediately deleted | |
a87197f5 | 3251 | (normal clean-up with tmpfiles is still done in addition to |
35911459 LP |
3252 | this though). |
3253 | ||
3254 | * By default, systemd will now set a couple of sysctl | |
3255 | variables in the kernel: the safe sysrq options are turned | |
3256 | on, IP route verification is turned on, and source routing | |
3257 | disabled. The recently added hardlink and softlink | |
3258 | protection of the kernel is turned on. These settings should | |
3259 | be reasonably safe, and good defaults for all new systems. | |
3260 | ||
3261 | * The predictable network naming logic may now be turned off | |
a87197f5 | 3262 | with a new kernel command line switch: net.ifnames=0. |
35911459 LP |
3263 | |
3264 | * A new libsystemd-bus module has been added that implements a | |
3265 | pretty complete D-Bus client library. For details see: | |
3266 | ||
3267 | http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2013-March/009797.html | |
3268 | ||
c20d8298 | 3269 | * journald will now explicitly flush the journal files to disk |
a87197f5 ZJS |
3270 | at the latest 5min after each write. The file will then also |
3271 | be marked offline until the next write. This should increase | |
3272 | reliability in case of a crash. The synchronization delay | |
3273 | can be configured via SyncIntervalSec= in journald.conf. | |
35911459 LP |
3274 | |
3275 | * There's a new remote-fs-setup.target unit that can be used | |
3276 | to pull in specific services when at least one remote file | |
3277 | system is to be mounted. | |
3278 | ||
3279 | * There are new targets timers.target and paths.target as | |
3280 | canonical targets to pull user timer and path units in | |
3281 | from. This complements sockets.target with a similar | |
3282 | purpose for socket units. | |
3283 | ||
6a7d3d68 LP |
3284 | * libudev gained a new call udev_device_set_attribute_value() |
3285 | to set sysfs attributes of a device. | |
3286 | ||
a87197f5 ZJS |
3287 | * The udev daemon now sets the default number of worker |
3288 | processes executed in parallel based on the number of available | |
c20d8298 | 3289 | CPUs instead of the amount of available RAM. This is supposed |
ab06eef8 | 3290 | to provide a more reliable default and limit a too aggressive |
c20d8298 KS |
3291 | paralellism for setups with 1000s of devices connected. |
3292 | ||
35911459 LP |
3293 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Colin Walters, Cristian |
3294 | Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Dave Reisner, Frederic Crozat, Hannes | |
3295 | Reinecke, Harald Hoyer, Jan Alexander Steffens, Jan | |
3296 | Engelhardt, Josh Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, | |
3297 | Mantas Mikulėnas, Martin Pitt, Mathieu Bridon, Michael Biebl, | |
3298 | Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Miklos Vajna, Nathaniel Chen, | |
3299 | Oleksii Shevchuk, Ozan Çağlayan, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel | |
3300 | Andersen, Tollef Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, | |
3301 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
3302 | ||
85d68397 LP |
3303 | CHANGES WITH 198: |
3304 | ||
3305 | * Configuration of unit files may now be extended via drop-in | |
3306 | files without having to edit/override the unit files | |
3307 | themselves. More specifically, if the administrator wants to | |
3308 | change one value for a service file foobar.service he can | |
3309 | now do so by dropping in a configuration snippet into | |
ad88e758 | 3310 | /etc/systemd/system/foobar.service.d/*.conf. The unit logic |
85d68397 LP |
3311 | will load all these snippets and apply them on top of the |
3312 | main unit configuration file, possibly extending or | |
3313 | overriding its settings. Using these drop-in snippets is | |
40e21da8 KS |
3314 | generally nicer than the two earlier options for changing |
3315 | unit files locally: copying the files from | |
85d68397 LP |
3316 | /usr/lib/systemd/system/ to /etc/systemd/system/ and editing |
3317 | them there; or creating a new file in /etc/systemd/system/ | |
3318 | that incorporates the original one via ".include". Drop-in | |
3319 | snippets into these .d/ directories can be placed in any | |
fd868975 | 3320 | directory systemd looks for units in, and the usual |
85d68397 LP |
3321 | overriding semantics between /usr/lib, /etc and /run apply |
3322 | for them too. | |
3323 | ||
3324 | * Most unit file settings which take lists of items can now be | |
6aa8d43a | 3325 | reset by assigning the empty string to them. For example, |
85d68397 LP |
3326 | normally, settings such as Environment=FOO=BAR append a new |
3327 | environment variable assignment to the environment block, | |
3328 | each time they are used. By assigning Environment= the empty | |
3329 | string the environment block can be reset to empty. This is | |
3330 | particularly useful with the .d/*.conf drop-in snippets | |
156f7d09 KS |
3331 | mentioned above, since this adds the ability to reset list |
3332 | settings from vendor unit files via these drop-ins. | |
85d68397 LP |
3333 | |
3334 | * systemctl gained a new "list-dependencies" command for | |
3335 | listing the dependencies of a unit recursively. | |
3336 | ||
40e21da8 | 3337 | * Inhibitors are now honored and listed by "systemctl |
85d68397 LP |
3338 | suspend", "systemctl poweroff" (and similar) too, not only |
3339 | GNOME. These commands will also list active sessions by | |
3340 | other users. | |
3341 | ||
3342 | * Resource limits (as exposed by the various control group | |
3343 | controllers) can now be controlled dynamically at runtime | |
3344 | for all units. More specifically, you can now use a command | |
3345 | like "systemctl set-cgroup-attr foobar.service cpu.shares | |
3346 | 2000" to alter the CPU shares a specific service gets. These | |
6aa8d43a | 3347 | settings are stored persistently on disk, and thus allow the |
85d68397 LP |
3348 | administrator to easily adjust the resource usage of |
3349 | services with a few simple commands. This dynamic resource | |
6aa8d43a | 3350 | management logic is also available to other programs via the |
85d68397 LP |
3351 | bus. Almost any kernel cgroup attribute and controller is |
3352 | supported. | |
3353 | ||
3354 | * systemd-vconsole-setup will now copy all font settings to | |
6aa8d43a LP |
3355 | all allocated VTs, where it previously applied them only to |
3356 | the foreground VT. | |
85d68397 LP |
3357 | |
3358 | * libsystemd-login gained the new sd_session_get_tty() API | |
3359 | call. | |
3360 | ||
6aa8d43a LP |
3361 | * This release drops support for a few legacy or |
3362 | distribution-specific LSB facility names when parsing init | |
3363 | scripts: $x-display-manager, $mail-transfer-agent, | |
85d68397 LP |
3364 | $mail-transport-agent, $mail-transfer-agent, $smtp, |
3365 | $null. Also, the mail-transfer-agent.target unit backing | |
3366 | this has been removed. Distributions which want to retain | |
6aa8d43a LP |
3367 | compatibility with this should carry the burden for |
3368 | supporting this themselves and patch support for these back | |
3369 | in, if they really need to. Also, the facilities $syslog and | |
3370 | $local_fs are now ignored, since systemd does not support | |
3371 | early-boot LSB init scripts anymore, and these facilities | |
3372 | are implied anyway for normal services. syslog.target has | |
3373 | also been removed. | |
85d68397 | 3374 | |
40e21da8 | 3375 | * There are new bus calls on PID1's Manager object for |
6aa8d43a | 3376 | cancelling jobs, and removing snapshot units. Previously, |
85d68397 LP |
3377 | both calls were only available on the Job and Snapshot |
3378 | objects themselves. | |
3379 | ||
3380 | * systemd-journal-gatewayd gained SSL support. | |
3381 | ||
3382 | * The various "environment" files, such as /etc/locale.conf | |
3383 | now support continuation lines with a backslash ("\") as | |
499b604b | 3384 | last character in the line, similarly in style (but different) |
85d68397 LP |
3385 | to how this is supported in shells. |
3386 | ||
3387 | * For normal user processes the _SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT= field is | |
3388 | now implicitly appended to every log entry logged. systemctl | |
3389 | has been updated to filter by this field when operating on a | |
3390 | user systemd instance. | |
3391 | ||
3392 | * nspawn will now implicitly add the CAP_AUDIT_WRITE and | |
3393 | CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL capabilities to the capabilities set for | |
3394 | the container. This makes it easier to boot unmodified | |
3395 | Fedora systems in a container, which however still requires | |
3396 | audit=0 to be passed on the kernel command line. Auditing in | |
3397 | kernel and userspace is unfortunately still too broken in | |
3398 | context of containers, hence we recommend compiling it out | |
3399 | of the kernel or using audit=0. Hopefully this will be fixed | |
3400 | one day for good in the kernel. | |
3401 | ||
3402 | * nspawn gained the new --bind= and --bind-ro= parameters to | |
3403 | bind mount specific directories from the host into the | |
3404 | container. | |
3405 | ||
40e21da8 | 3406 | * nspawn will now mount its own devpts file system instance |
6aa8d43a | 3407 | into the container, in order not to leak pty devices from |
85d68397 LP |
3408 | the host into the container. |
3409 | ||
3410 | * systemd will now read the firmware boot time performance | |
6aa8d43a LP |
3411 | information from the EFI variables, if the used boot loader |
3412 | supports this, and takes it into account for boot performance | |
3413 | analysis via "systemd-analyze". This is currently supported | |
3414 | only in conjunction with Gummiboot, but could be supported | |
3415 | by other boot loaders too. For details see: | |
85d68397 LP |
3416 | |
3417 | http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/BootLoaderInterface | |
3418 | ||
3419 | * A new generator has been added that automatically mounts the | |
3420 | EFI System Partition (ESP) to /boot, if that directory | |
6aa8d43a LP |
3421 | exists, is empty, and no other file system has been |
3422 | configured to be mounted there. | |
85d68397 LP |
3423 | |
3424 | * logind will now send out PrepareForSleep(false) out | |
3425 | unconditionally, after coming back from suspend. This may be | |
3426 | used by applications as asynchronous notification for | |
3427 | system resume events. | |
3428 | ||
3429 | * "systemctl unlock-sessions" has been added, that allows | |
3430 | unlocking the screens of all user sessions at once, similar | |
499b604b | 3431 | to how "systemctl lock-sessions" already locked all users |
40e21da8 | 3432 | sessions. This is backed by a new D-Bus call UnlockSessions(). |
85d68397 LP |
3433 | |
3434 | * "loginctl seat-status" will now show the master device of a | |
3435 | seat. (i.e. the device of a seat that needs to be around for | |
3436 | the seat to be considered available, usually the graphics | |
3437 | card). | |
3438 | ||
3439 | * tmpfiles gained a new "X" line type, that allows | |
3440 | configuration of files and directories (with wildcards) that | |
3441 | shall be excluded from automatic cleanup ("aging"). | |
3442 | ||
bf933560 KS |
3443 | * udev default rules set the device node permissions now only |
3444 | at "add" events, and do not change them any longer with a | |
3445 | later "change" event. | |
85d68397 LP |
3446 | |
3447 | * The log messages for lid events and power/sleep keypresses | |
3448 | now carry a message ID. | |
3449 | ||
3450 | * We now have a substantially larger unit test suite, but this | |
3451 | continues to be work in progress. | |
3452 | ||
3453 | * udevadm hwdb gained a new --root= parameter to change the | |
3454 | root directory to operate relative to. | |
3455 | ||
40e21da8 KS |
3456 | * logind will now issue a background sync() request to the kernel |
3457 | early at shutdown, so that dirty buffers are flushed to disk early | |
85d68397 LP |
3458 | instead of at the last moment, in order to optimize shutdown |
3459 | times a little. | |
3460 | ||
3461 | * A new bootctl tool has been added that is an interface for | |
3462 | certain boot loader operations. This is currently a preview | |
3463 | and is likely to be extended into a small mechanism daemon | |
3464 | like timedated, localed, hostnamed, and can be used by | |
3465 | graphical UIs to enumerate available boot options, and | |
3466 | request boot into firmware operations. | |
3467 | ||
3468 | * systemd-bootchart has been relicensed to LGPLv2.1+ to match | |
3469 | the rest of the package. It also has been updated to work | |
3470 | correctly in initrds. | |
3471 | ||
3472 | * Policykit previously has been runtime optional, and is now | |
3473 | also compile time optional via a configure switch. | |
3474 | ||
3475 | * systemd-analyze has been reimplemented in C. Also "systemctl | |
3476 | dot" has moved into systemd-analyze. | |
3477 | ||
3478 | * "systemctl status" with no further parameters will now print | |
3479 | the status of all active or failed units. | |
3480 | ||
3481 | * Operations such as "systemctl start" can now be executed | |
3482 | with a new mode "--irreversible" which may be used to queue | |
3483 | operations that cannot accidentally be reversed by a later | |
6aa8d43a | 3484 | job queuing. This is by default used to make shutdown |
85d68397 LP |
3485 | requests more robust. |
3486 | ||
3487 | * The Python API of systemd now gained a new module for | |
3488 | reading journal files. | |
3489 | ||
3490 | * A new tool kernel-install has been added that can install | |
3491 | kernel images according to the Boot Loader Specification: | |
3492 | ||
3493 | http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/BootLoaderSpec | |
3494 | ||
3495 | * Boot time console output has been improved to provide | |
6aa8d43a | 3496 | animated boot time output for hanging jobs. |
85d68397 LP |
3497 | |
3498 | * A new tool systemd-activate has been added which can be used | |
3499 | to test socket activation with, directly from the command | |
3500 | line. This should make it much easier to test and debug | |
3501 | socket activation in daemons. | |
3502 | ||
3503 | * journalctl gained a new "--reverse" (or -r) option to show | |
3504 | journal output in reverse order (i.e. newest line first). | |
3505 | ||
43447fb7 LP |
3506 | * journalctl gained a new "--pager-end" (or -e) option to jump |
3507 | to immediately jump to the end of the journal in the | |
3508 | pager. This is only supported in conjunction with "less". | |
3509 | ||
85d68397 | 3510 | * journalctl gained a new "--user-unit=" option, that works |
499b604b | 3511 | similarly to "--unit=" but filters for user units rather than |
85d68397 LP |
3512 | system units. |
3513 | ||
3514 | * A number of unit files to ease adoption of systemd in | |
3515 | initrds has been added. This moves some minimal logic from | |
3516 | the various initrd implementations into systemd proper. | |
3517 | ||
3518 | * The journal files are now owned by a new group | |
3519 | "systemd-journal", which exists specifically to allow access | |
3520 | to the journal, and nothing else. Previously, we used the | |
6aa8d43a | 3521 | "adm" group for that, which however possibly covers more |
85d68397 LP |
3522 | than just journal/log file access. This new group is now |
3523 | already used by systemd-journal-gatewayd to ensure this | |
3524 | daemon gets access to the journal files and as little else | |
3525 | as possible. Note that "make install" will also set FS ACLs | |
3526 | up for /var/log/journal to give "adm" and "wheel" read | |
3527 | access to it, in addition to "systemd-journal" which owns | |
3528 | the journal files. We recommend that packaging scripts also | |
6aa8d43a | 3529 | add read access to "adm" + "wheel" to /var/log/journal, and |
85d68397 LP |
3530 | all existing/future journal files. To normal users and |
3531 | administrators little changes, however packagers need to | |
3532 | ensure to create the "systemd-journal" system group at | |
3533 | package installation time. | |
3534 | ||
3535 | * The systemd-journal-gatewayd now runs as unprivileged user | |
3536 | systemd-journal-gateway:systemd-journal-gateway. Packaging | |
3537 | scripts need to create these system user/group at | |
3538 | installation time. | |
3539 | ||
3540 | * timedated now exposes a new boolean property CanNTP that | |
3541 | indicates whether a local NTP service is available or not. | |
3542 | ||
3543 | * systemd-detect-virt will now also detect xen PVs | |
3544 | ||
40e21da8 KS |
3545 | * The pstore file system is now mounted by default, if it is |
3546 | available. | |
85d68397 | 3547 | |
1aed4590 LP |
3548 | * In addition to the SELinux and IMA policies we will now also |
3549 | load SMACK policies at early boot. | |
3550 | ||
85d68397 LP |
3551 | Contributions from: Adel Gadllah, Aleksander Morgado, Auke |
3552 | Kok, Ayan George, Bastien Nocera, Colin Walters, Daniel Buch, | |
3553 | Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, David Strauss, | |
3554 | Eelco Dolstra, Enrico Scholz, Frederic Crozat, Harald Hoyer, | |
3555 | Jan Janssen, Jonathan Callen, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, | |
3556 | Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc-Antoine Perennou, Martin | |
3557 | Pitt, Mauro Dreissig, Max F. Albrecht, Michael Biebl, Michael | |
3558 | Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Michal Vyskocil, | |
3559 | Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Mirco Tischler, Nathaniel Chen, Nestor | |
3560 | Ovroy, Oleksii Shevchuk, Paul W. Frields, Piotr Drąg, Rob | |
3561 | Clark, Ryan Lortie, Simon McVittie, Simon Peeters, Steven | |
3562 | Hiscocks, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tollef Fog Heen, Tom | |
3563 | Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, William Giokas, Zbigniew | |
3564 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Zeeshan Ali (Khattak) | |
3565 | ||
8ad26859 LP |
3566 | CHANGES WITH 197: |
3567 | ||
3568 | * Timer units now support calendar time events in addition to | |
3569 | monotonic time events. That means you can now trigger a unit | |
3570 | based on a calendar time specification such as "Thu,Fri | |
3571 | 2013-*-1,5 11:12:13" which refers to 11:12:13 of the first | |
3572 | or fifth day of any month of the year 2013, given that it is | |
3573 | a thursday or friday. This brings timer event support | |
3574 | considerably closer to cron's capabilities. For details on | |
3575 | the supported calendar time specification language see | |
3576 | systemd.time(7). | |
3577 | ||
3578 | * udev now supports a number of different naming policies for | |
3579 | network interfaces for predictable names, and a combination | |
3580 | of these policies is now the default. Please see this wiki | |
3581 | document for details: | |
3582 | ||
3583 | http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PredictableNetworkInterfaceNames | |
3584 | ||
3585 | * Auke Kok's bootchart implementation has been added to the | |
d28315e4 JE |
3586 | systemd tree. It is an optional component that can graph the |
3587 | boot in quite some detail. It is one of the best bootchart | |
8ad26859 LP |
3588 | implementations around and minimal in its code and |
3589 | dependencies. | |
3590 | ||
3591 | * nss-myhostname has been integrated into the systemd source | |
3592 | tree. nss-myhostname guarantees that the local hostname | |
3593 | always stays resolvable via NSS. It has been a weak | |
3594 | requirement of systemd-hostnamed since a long time, and | |
3595 | since its code is actually trivial we decided to just | |
3596 | include it in systemd's source tree. It can be turned off | |
3597 | with a configure switch. | |
3598 | ||
3599 | * The read-ahead logic is now capable of properly detecting | |
3600 | whether a btrfs file system is on SSD or rotating media, in | |
3601 | order to optimize the read-ahead scheme. Previously, it was | |
3602 | only capable of detecting this on traditional file systems | |
3603 | such as ext4. | |
3604 | ||
3605 | * In udev, additional device properties are now read from the | |
3606 | IAB in addition to the OUI database. Also, Bluetooth company | |
3607 | identities are attached to the devices as well. | |
3608 | ||
3609 | * In service files %U may be used as specifier that is | |
3610 | replaced by the configured user name of the service. | |
3611 | ||
3612 | * nspawn may now be invoked without a controlling TTY. This | |
3613 | makes it suitable for invocation as its own service. This | |
3614 | may be used to set up a simple containerized server system | |
3615 | using only core OS tools. | |
3616 | ||
3617 | * systemd and nspawn can now accept socket file descriptors | |
3618 | when they are started for socket activation. This enables | |
3619 | implementation of socket activated nspawn | |
3620 | containers. i.e. think about autospawning an entire OS image | |
3621 | when the first SSH or HTTP connection is received. We expect | |
3622 | that similar functionality will also be added to libvirt-lxc | |
3623 | eventually. | |
3624 | ||
3625 | * journalctl will now suppress ANSI color codes when | |
3626 | presenting log data. | |
3627 | ||
3628 | * systemctl will no longer show control group information for | |
3629 | a unit if a the control group is empty anyway. | |
3630 | ||
3631 | * logind can now automatically suspend/hibernate/shutdown the | |
3632 | system on idle. | |
3633 | ||
3634 | * /etc/machine-info and hostnamed now also expose the chassis | |
3635 | type of the system. This can be used to determine whether | |
3636 | the local system is a laptop, desktop, handset or | |
3637 | tablet. This information may either be configured by the | |
3638 | user/vendor or is automatically determined from ACPI and DMI | |
3639 | information if possible. | |
3640 | ||
3641 | * A number of PolicyKit actions are now bound together with | |
3642 | "imply" rules. This should simplify creating UIs because | |
3643 | many actions will now authenticate similar ones as well. | |
3644 | ||
3645 | * Unit files learnt a new condition ConditionACPower= which | |
3646 | may be used to conditionalize a unit depending on whether an | |
3647 | AC power source is connected or not, of whether the system | |
3648 | is running on battery power. | |
3649 | ||
3650 | * systemctl gained a new "is-failed" verb that may be used in | |
3651 | shell scripts and suchlike to check whether a specific unit | |
3652 | is in the "failed" state. | |
3653 | ||
3654 | * The EnvironmentFile= setting in unit files now supports file | |
3655 | globbing, and can hence be used to easily read a number of | |
3656 | environment files at once. | |
3657 | ||
3658 | * systemd will no longer detect and recognize specific | |
3659 | distributions. All distribution-specific #ifdeffery has been | |
3660 | removed, systemd is now fully generic and | |
3661 | distribution-agnostic. Effectively, not too much is lost as | |
3662 | a lot of the code is still accessible via explicit configure | |
3663 | switches. However, support for some distribution specific | |
3664 | legacy configuration file formats has been dropped. We | |
3665 | recommend distributions to simply adopt the configuration | |
3666 | files everybody else uses now and convert the old | |
3667 | configuration from packaging scripts. Most distributions | |
3668 | already did that. If that's not possible or desirable, | |
3669 | distributions are welcome to forward port the specific | |
3670 | pieces of code locally from the git history. | |
3671 | ||
3672 | * When logging a message about a unit systemd will now always | |
3673 | log the unit name in the message meta data. | |
3674 | ||
3675 | * localectl will now also discover system locale data that is | |
3676 | not stored in locale archives, but directly unpacked. | |
3677 | ||
3678 | * logind will no longer unconditionally use framebuffer | |
3679 | devices as seat masters, i.e. as devices that are required | |
3680 | to be existing before a seat is considered preset. Instead, | |
3681 | it will now look for all devices that are tagged as | |
3682 | "seat-master" in udev. By default framebuffer devices will | |
3683 | be marked as such, but depending on local systems other | |
3684 | devices might be marked as well. This may be used to | |
3685 | integrate graphics cards using closed source drivers (such | |
3686 | as NVidia ones) more nicely into logind. Note however, that | |
3687 | we recommend using the open source NVidia drivers instead, | |
3688 | and no udev rules for the closed-source drivers will be | |
3689 | shipped from us upstream. | |
3690 | ||
3691 | Contributions from: Adam Williamson, Alessandro Crismani, Auke | |
3692 | Kok, Colin Walters, Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, David | |
3693 | Herrmann, David Strauss, Dimitrios Apostolou, Eelco Dolstra, | |
3694 | Eric Benoit, Giovanni Campagna, Hannes Reinecke, Henrik | |
3695 | Grindal Bakken, Hermann Gausterer, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
3696 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel Holtmann, | |
3697 | Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Michael Biebl, Michael Terry, | |
3698 | Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Oleg | |
3699 | Samarin, Pekka Lundstrom, Philip Nilsson, Ramkumar | |
3700 | Ramachandra, Richard Yao, Robert Millan, Sami Kerola, Shawn | |
3701 | Landden, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Thomas Jarosch, | |
3702 | Tollef Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, Zbigniew | |
3703 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
3704 | ||
0428ddb7 LP |
3705 | CHANGES WITH 196: |
3706 | ||
3707 | * udev gained support for loading additional device properties | |
3708 | from an indexed database that is keyed by vendor/product IDs | |
3709 | and similar device identifiers. For the beginning this | |
3710 | "hwdb" is populated with data from the well-known PCI and | |
3711 | USB database, but also includes PNP, ACPI and OID data. In | |
3712 | the longer run this indexed database shall grow into | |
3713 | becoming the one central database for non-essential | |
3714 | userspace device metadata. Previously, data from the PCI/USB | |
96ec33c0 | 3715 | database was only attached to select devices, since the |
0428ddb7 | 3716 | lookup was a relatively expensive operation due to O(n) time |
96ec33c0 LP |
3717 | complexity (with n being the number of entries in the |
3718 | database). Since this is now O(1), we decided to add in this | |
3719 | data for all devices where this is available, by | |
0428ddb7 LP |
3720 | default. Note that the indexed database needs to be rebuilt |
3721 | when new data files are installed. To achieve this you need | |
3722 | to update your packaging scripts to invoke "udevadm hwdb | |
3723 | --update" after installation of hwdb data files. For | |
3724 | RPM-based distributions we introduced the new | |
3725 | %udev_hwdb_update macro for this purpose. | |
3726 | ||
3727 | * The Journal gained support for the "Message Catalog", an | |
3728 | indexed database to link up additional information with | |
3729 | journal entries. For further details please check: | |
3730 | ||
3731 | http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/catalog | |
3732 | ||
3733 | The indexed message catalog database also needs to be | |
3734 | rebuilt after installation of message catalog files. Use | |
3735 | "journalctl --update-catalog" for this. For RPM-based | |
3736 | distributions we introduced the %journal_catalog_update | |
3737 | macro for this purpose. | |
3738 | ||
3739 | * The Python Journal bindings gained support for the standard | |
3740 | Python logging framework. | |
3741 | ||
3742 | * The Journal API gained new functions for checking whether | |
3743 | the underlying file system of a journal file is capable of | |
3744 | properly reporting file change notifications, or whether | |
3745 | applications that want to reflect journal changes "live" | |
ab06eef8 | 3746 | need to recheck journal files continuously in appropriate |
0428ddb7 LP |
3747 | time intervals. |
3748 | ||
3749 | * It is now possible to set the "age" field for tmpfiles | |
3750 | entries to 0, indicating that files matching this entry | |
3751 | shall always be removed when the directories are cleaned up. | |
3752 | ||
3753 | * coredumpctl gained a new "gdb" verb which invokes gdb | |
3754 | right-away on the selected coredump. | |
3755 | ||
3756 | * There's now support for "hybrid sleep" on kernels that | |
3757 | support this, in addition to "suspend" and "hibernate". Use | |
3758 | "systemctl hybrid-sleep" to make use of this. | |
3759 | ||
3760 | * logind's HandleSuspendKey= setting (and related settings) | |
3761 | now gained support for a new "lock" setting to simply | |
3762 | request the screen lock on all local sessions, instead of | |
3763 | actually executing a suspend or hibernation. | |
3764 | ||
3765 | * systemd will now mount the EFI variables file system by | |
3766 | default. | |
3767 | ||
3768 | * Socket units now gained support for configuration of the | |
3769 | SMACK security label. | |
3770 | ||
3771 | * timedatectl will now output the time of the last and next | |
3772 | daylight saving change. | |
3773 | ||
3774 | * We dropped support for various legacy and distro-specific | |
3775 | concepts, such as insserv, early-boot SysV services | |
3776 | (i.e. those for non-standard runlevels such as 'b' or 'S') | |
3777 | or ArchLinux /etc/rc.conf support. We recommend the | |
3778 | distributions who still need support this to either continue | |
3779 | to maintain the necessary patches downstream, or find a | |
3780 | different solution. (Talk to us if you have questions!) | |
3781 | ||
3782 | * Various systemd components will now bypass PolicyKit checks | |
3783 | for root and otherwise handle properly if PolicyKit is not | |
3784 | found to be around. This should fix most issues for | |
3785 | PolicyKit-less systems. Quite frankly this should have been | |
3786 | this way since day one. It is absolutely our intention to | |
3787 | make systemd work fine on PolicyKit-less systems, and we | |
d28315e4 | 3788 | consider it a bug if something does not work as it should if |
0428ddb7 LP |
3789 | PolicyKit is not around. |
3790 | ||
3791 | * For embedded systems it is now possible to build udev and | |
3792 | systemd without blkid and/or kmod support. | |
3793 | ||
3794 | * "systemctl switch-root" is now capable of switching root | |
3795 | more than once. I.e. in addition to transitions from the | |
3796 | initrd to the host OS it is now possible to transition to | |
3797 | further OS images from the host. This is useful to implement | |
3798 | offline updating tools. | |
3799 | ||
3800 | * Various other additions have been made to the RPM macros | |
3801 | shipped with systemd. Use %udev_rules_update() after | |
3802 | installing new udev rules files. %_udevhwdbdir, | |
3803 | %_udevrulesdir, %_journalcatalogdir, %_tmpfilesdir, | |
3804 | %_sysctldir are now available which resolve to the right | |
3805 | directories for packages to place various data files in. | |
3806 | ||
3807 | * journalctl gained the new --full switch (in addition to | |
3808 | --all, to disable ellipsation for long messages. | |
3809 | ||
3810 | Contributions from: Anders Olofsson, Auke Kok, Ben Boeckel, | |
3811 | Colin Walters, Cosimo Cecchi, Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, | |
3812 | Eelco Dolstra, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Kay Sievers, | |
3813 | Chun-Yi Lee, Lekensteyn, Lennart Poettering, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
3814 | Marti Raudsepp, Martin Pitt, Mauro Dreissig, Michael Biebl, | |
3815 | Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Miklos Vajna, Nis Martensen, | |
3816 | Oleksii Shevchuk, Olivier Brunel, Ramkumar Ramachandra, Thomas | |
3817 | Bächler, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Tony | |
3818 | Camuso, Umut Tezduyar, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
3819 | ||
139ee8cc LP |
3820 | CHANGES WITH 195: |
3821 | ||
6827101a | 3822 | * journalctl gained new --since= and --until= switches to |
139ee8cc LP |
3823 | filter by time. It also now supports nice filtering for |
3824 | units via --unit=/-u. | |
3825 | ||
6827101a | 3826 | * Type=oneshot services may use ExecReload= and do the |
139ee8cc LP |
3827 | right thing. |
3828 | ||
3829 | * The journal daemon now supports time-based rotation and | |
3830 | vacuuming, in addition to the usual disk-space based | |
3831 | rotation. | |
3832 | ||
3833 | * The journal will now index the available field values for | |
3834 | each field name. This enables clients to show pretty drop | |
3835 | downs of available match values when filtering. The bash | |
3836 | completion of journalctl has been updated | |
3837 | accordingly. journalctl gained a new switch -F to list all | |
3838 | values a certain field takes in the journal database. | |
3839 | ||
3840 | * More service events are now written as structured messages | |
3841 | to the journal, and made recognizable via message IDs. | |
3842 | ||
3843 | * The timedated, localed and hostnamed mini-services which | |
3844 | previously only provided support for changing time, locale | |
3845 | and hostname settings from graphical DEs such as GNOME now | |
3846 | also have a minimal (but very useful) text-based client | |
3847 | utility each. This is probably the nicest way to changing | |
3848 | these settings from the command line now, especially since | |
3849 | it lists available options and is fully integrated with bash | |
3850 | completion. | |
3851 | ||
3852 | * There's now a new tool "systemd-coredumpctl" to list and | |
3853 | extract coredumps from the journal. | |
3854 | ||
3855 | * We now install a README each in /var/log/ and | |
3856 | /etc/rc.d/init.d explaining where the system logs and init | |
3857 | scripts went. This hopefully should help folks who go to | |
3858 | that dirs and look into the otherwise now empty void and | |
3859 | scratch their heads. | |
3860 | ||
3861 | * When user-services are invoked (by systemd --user) the | |
3862 | $MANAGERPID env var is set to the PID of systemd. | |
3863 | ||
3864 | * SIGRTMIN+24 when sent to a --user instance will now result | |
3865 | in immediate termination of systemd. | |
3866 | ||
3867 | * gatewayd received numerous feature additions such as a | |
3868 | "follow" mode, for live syncing and filtering. | |
3869 | ||
3870 | * browse.html now allows filtering and showing detailed | |
3871 | information on specific entries. Keyboard navigation and | |
3872 | mouse screen support has been added. | |
3873 | ||
3874 | * gatewayd/journalctl now supports HTML5/JSON | |
3875 | Server-Sent-Events as output. | |
3876 | ||
1cb88f2c | 3877 | * The SysV init script compatibility logic will now |
139ee8cc LP |
3878 | heuristically determine whether a script supports the |
3879 | "reload" verb, and only then make this available as | |
3880 | "systemctl reload". | |
3881 | ||
15f47220 | 3882 | * "systemctl status --follow" has been removed, use "journalctl |
139ee8cc LP |
3883 | -u" instead. |
3884 | ||
3885 | * journald.conf's RuntimeMinSize=, PersistentMinSize= settings | |
3886 | have been removed since they are hardly useful to be | |
3887 | configured. | |
3888 | ||
3889 | * And I'd like to take the opportunity to specifically mention | |
3890 | Zbigniew for his great contributions. Zbigniew, you rock! | |
3891 | ||
3892 | Contributions from: Andrew Eikum, Christian Hesse, Colin | |
3893 | Guthrie, Daniel J Walsh, Dave Reisner, Eelco Dolstra, Ferenc | |
4d92e078 LP |
3894 | Wágner, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas |
3895 | Mikulėnas, Martin Mikkelsen, Martin Pitt, Michael Olbrich, | |
3896 | Michael Stapelberg, Michal Schmidt, Sebastian Ott, Thomas | |
3897 | Bächler, Umut Tezduyar, Will Woods, Wulf C. Krueger, Zbigniew | |
3898 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Сковорода Никита Андреевич | |
139ee8cc | 3899 | |
f9b55720 LP |
3900 | CHANGES WITH 194: |
3901 | ||
3902 | * If /etc/vconsole.conf is non-existent or empty we will no | |
3903 | longer load any console font or key map at boot by | |
3904 | default. Instead the kernel defaults will be left | |
3905 | intact. This is definitely the right thing to do, as no | |
3906 | configuration should mean no configuration, and hard-coding | |
3907 | font names that are different on all archs is probably a bad | |
3908 | idea. Also, the kernel default key map and font should be | |
3909 | good enough for most cases anyway, and mostly identical to | |
3910 | the userspace fonts/key maps we previously overloaded them | |
3911 | with. If distributions want to continue to default to a | |
3912 | non-kernel font or key map they should ship a default | |
3913 | /etc/vconsole.conf with the appropriate contents. | |
3914 | ||
3915 | Contributions from: Colin Walters, Daniel J Walsh, Dave | |
3916 | Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Tollef | |
3917 | Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
3918 | ||
597c52cf LP |
3919 | CHANGES WITH 193: |
3920 | ||
3921 | * journalctl gained a new --cursor= switch to show entries | |
3922 | starting from the specified location in the journal. | |
3923 | ||
3924 | * We now enforce a size limit on journal entry fields exported | |
3925 | with "-o json" in journalctl. Fields larger than 4K will be | |
3926 | assigned null. This can be turned off with --all. | |
3927 | ||
3928 | * An (optional) journal gateway daemon is now available as | |
3929 | "systemd-journal-gatewayd.service". This service provides | |
3930 | access to the journal via HTTP and JSON. This functionality | |
3931 | will be used to implement live log synchronization in both | |
3932 | pull and push modes, but has various other users too, such | |
3933 | as easy log access for debugging of embedded devices. Right | |
3934 | now it is already useful to retrieve the journal via HTTP: | |
3935 | ||
3936 | # systemctl start systemd-journal-gatewayd.service | |
3937 | # wget http://localhost:19531/entries | |
3938 | ||
3939 | This will download the journal contents in a | |
3940 | /var/log/messages compatible format. The same as JSON: | |
3941 | ||
3942 | # curl -H"Accept: application/json" http://localhost:19531/entries | |
3943 | ||
3944 | This service is also accessible via a web browser where a | |
3945 | single static HTML5 app is served that uses the JSON logic | |
3946 | to enable the user to do some basic browsing of the | |
3947 | journal. This will be extended later on. Here's an example | |
3948 | screenshot of this app in its current state: | |
3949 | ||
3950 | http://0pointer.de/public/journal-gatewayd | |
3951 | ||
3952 | Contributions from: Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Robert | |
3953 | Milasan, Tom Gundersen | |
3954 | ||
075d4ecb LP |
3955 | CHANGES WITH 192: |
3956 | ||
3957 | * The bash completion logic is now available for journalctl | |
3958 | too. | |
3959 | ||
d28315e4 | 3960 | * We do not mount the "cpuset" controller anymore together with |
075d4ecb LP |
3961 | "cpu" and "cpuacct", as "cpuset" groups generally cannot be |
3962 | started if no parameters are assigned to it. "cpuset" hence | |
3963 | broke code that assumed it it could create "cpu" groups and | |
3964 | just start them. | |
3965 | ||
3966 | * journalctl -f will now subscribe to terminal size changes, | |
3967 | and line break accordingly. | |
3968 | ||
597c52cf LP |
3969 | Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lennart |
3970 | Poettering, Lukas Nykrynm, Mirco Tischler, Václav Pavlín | |
075d4ecb | 3971 | |
b6a86739 LP |
3972 | CHANGES WITH 191: |
3973 | ||
3974 | * nspawn will now create a symlink /etc/localtime in the | |
3975 | container environment, copying the host's timezone | |
3976 | setting. Previously this has been done via a bind mount, but | |
3977 | since symlinks cannot be bind mounted this has now been | |
3978 | changed to create/update the appropriate symlink. | |
3979 | ||
3980 | * journalctl -n's line number argument is now optional, and | |
3981 | will default to 10 if omitted. | |
3982 | ||
3983 | * journald will now log the maximum size the journal files may | |
3984 | take up on disk. This is particularly useful if the default | |
3985 | built-in logic of determining this parameter from the file | |
3986 | system size is used. Use "systemctl status | |
6563b535 | 3987 | systemd-journald.service" to see this information. |
b6a86739 LP |
3988 | |
3989 | * The multi-seat X wrapper tool has been stripped down. As X | |
3990 | is now capable of enumerating graphics devices via udev in a | |
3991 | seat-aware way the wrapper is not strictly necessary | |
3992 | anymore. A stripped down temporary stop-gap is still shipped | |
3993 | until the upstream display managers have been updated to | |
3994 | fully support the new X logic. Expect this wrapper to be | |
6563b535 | 3995 | removed entirely in one of the next releases. |
b6a86739 LP |
3996 | |
3997 | * HandleSleepKey= in logind.conf has been split up into | |
3998 | HandleSuspendKey= and HandleHibernateKey=. The old setting | |
6563b535 | 3999 | is not available anymore. X11 and the kernel are |
b6a86739 LP |
4000 | distuingishing between these keys and we should too. This |
4001 | also means the inhibition lock for these keys has been split | |
4002 | into two. | |
4003 | ||
597c52cf LP |
4004 | Contributions from: Dave Airlie, Eelco Dolstra, Lennart |
4005 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Václav Pavlín | |
b6a86739 | 4006 | |
0c11f949 LP |
4007 | CHANGES WITH 190: |
4008 | ||
d28315e4 | 4009 | * Whenever a unit changes state we will now log this to the |
0c11f949 LP |
4010 | journal and show along the unit's own log output in |
4011 | "systemctl status". | |
4012 | ||
4013 | * ConditionPathIsMountPoint= can now properly detect bind | |
4014 | mount points too. (Previously, a bind mount of one file | |
8d0256b7 | 4015 | system to another place in the same file system could not be |
0c11f949 LP |
4016 | detected as mount, since they shared struct stat's st_dev |
4017 | field.) | |
4018 | ||
4019 | * We will now mount the cgroup controllers cpu, cpuacct, | |
4020 | cpuset and the controllers net_cls, net_prio together by | |
4021 | default. | |
4022 | ||
4023 | * nspawn containers will now have a virtualized boot | |
4024 | ID. (i.e. /proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id is now mounted | |
4025 | over with a randomized ID at container initialization). This | |
4026 | has the effect of making "journalctl -b" do the right thing | |
4027 | in a container. | |
4028 | ||
4029 | * The JSON output journal serialization has been updated not | |
4030 | to generate "endless" list objects anymore, but rather one | |
4031 | JSON object per line. This is more in line how most JSON | |
4032 | parsers expect JSON objects. The new output mode | |
4033 | "json-pretty" has been added to provide similar output, but | |
4034 | neatly aligned for readability by humans. | |
4035 | ||
4036 | * We dropped all explicit sync() invocations in the shutdown | |
4037 | code. The kernel does this implicitly anyway in the kernel | |
4038 | reboot() syscall. halt(8)'s -n option is now a compatibility | |
4039 | no-op. | |
4040 | ||
4041 | * We now support virtualized reboot() in containers, as | |
4042 | supported by newer kernels. We will fall back to exit() if | |
4043 | CAP_SYS_REBOOT is not available to the container. Also, | |
4044 | nspawn makes use of this now and will actually reboot the | |
4045 | container if the containerized OS asks for that. | |
4046 | ||
4047 | * journalctl will only show local log output by default | |
4048 | now. Use --merge (-m) to show remote log output, too. | |
4049 | ||
4050 | * libsystemd-journal gained the new sd_journal_get_usage() | |
4051 | call to determine the current disk usage of all journal | |
4052 | files. This is exposed in the new "journalctl --disk-usage" | |
4053 | command. | |
4054 | ||
4055 | * journald gained a new configuration setting SplitMode= in | |
4056 | journald.conf which may be used to control how user journals | |
4057 | are split off. See journald.conf(5) for details. | |
4058 | ||
4059 | * A new condition type ConditionFileNotEmpty= has been added. | |
4060 | ||
4061 | * tmpfiles' "w" lines now support file globbing, to write | |
4062 | multiple files at once. | |
4063 | ||
4064 | * We added Python bindings for the journal submission | |
4065 | APIs. More Python APIs for a number of selected APIs will | |
4066 | likely follow. Note that we intend to add native bindings | |
4067 | only for the Python language, as we consider it common | |
4068 | enough to deserve bindings shipped within systemd. There are | |
4069 | various projects outside of systemd that provide bindings | |
4070 | for languages such as PHP or Lua. | |
4071 | ||
a98d5d64 LP |
4072 | * Many conditions will now resolve specifiers such as %i. In |
4073 | addition, PathChanged= and related directives of .path units | |
4074 | now support specifiers as well. | |
0c11f949 LP |
4075 | |
4076 | * There's now a new RPM macro definition for the system preset | |
4077 | dir: %_presetdir. | |
4078 | ||
d28315e4 | 4079 | * journald will now warn if it ca not forward a message to the |
dca348bc | 4080 | syslog daemon because its socket is full. |
0c11f949 LP |
4081 | |
4082 | * timedated will no longer write or process /etc/timezone, | |
4083 | except on Debian. As we do not support late mounted /usr | |
4084 | anymore /etc/localtime always being a symlink is now safe, | |
4085 | and hence the information in /etc/timezone is not necessary | |
4086 | anymore. | |
4087 | ||
aaccc32c | 4088 | * logind will now always reserve one VT for a text getty (VT6 |
0c11f949 LP |
4089 | by default). Previously if more than 6 X sessions where |
4090 | started they took up all the VTs with auto-spawned gettys, | |
4091 | so that no text gettys were available anymore. | |
4092 | ||
4093 | * udev will now automatically inform the btrfs kernel logic | |
4094 | about btrfs RAID components showing up. This should make | |
4095 | simple hotplug based btrfs RAID assembly work. | |
4096 | ||
4097 | * PID 1 will now increase its RLIMIT_NOFILE to 64K by default | |
4098 | (but not for its children which will stay at the kernel | |
4099 | default). This should allow setups with a lot more listening | |
4100 | sockets. | |
4101 | ||
4102 | * systemd will now always pass the configured timezone to the | |
4103 | kernel at boot. timedated will do the same when the timezone | |
4104 | is changed. | |
4105 | ||
4106 | * logind's inhibition logic has been updated. By default, | |
4107 | logind will now handle the lid switch, the power and sleep | |
4108 | keys all the time, even in graphical sessions. If DEs want | |
4109 | to handle these events on their own they should take the new | |
4110 | handle-power-key, handle-sleep-key and handle-lid-switch | |
f131770b | 4111 | inhibitors during their runtime. A simple way to achieve |
0c11f949 LP |
4112 | that is to invoke the DE wrapped in an invocation of: |
4113 | ||
4114 | systemd-inhibit --what=handle-power-key:handle-sleep-key:handle-lid-switch ... | |
4115 | ||
4116 | * Access to unit operations is now checked via SELinux taking | |
4117 | the unit file label and client process label into account. | |
4118 | ||
aad803af LP |
4119 | * systemd will now notify the administrator in the journal |
4120 | when he over-mounts a non-empty directory. | |
4121 | ||
4122 | * There are new specifiers that are resolved in unit files, | |
4123 | for the host name (%H), the machine ID (%m) and the boot ID | |
4124 | (%b). | |
4125 | ||
b6a86739 | 4126 | Contributions from: Allin Cottrell, Auke Kok, Brandon Philips, |
0c11f949 LP |
4127 | Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters, Daniel J Walsh, Dave Reisner, |
4128 | Eelco Dolstra, Jan Engelhardt, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
4129 | Poettering, Lucas De Marchi, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
4130 | Martin Pitt, Matthias Clasen, Michael Olbrich, Pierre Schmitz, | |
4131 | Shawn Landden, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, | |
4132 | Václav Pavlín, Yin Kangkai, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
4133 | ||
38a60d71 LP |
4134 | CHANGES WITH 189: |
4135 | ||
4136 | * Support for reading structured kernel messages from | |
4137 | /dev/kmsg has now been added and is enabled by default. | |
4138 | ||
4139 | * Support for reading kernel messages from /proc/kmsg has now | |
4140 | been removed. If you want kernel messages in the journal | |
4141 | make sure to run a recent kernel (>= 3.5) that supports | |
4142 | reading structured messages from /dev/kmsg (see | |
4143 | above). /proc/kmsg is now exclusive property of classic | |
4144 | syslog daemons again. | |
4145 | ||
4146 | * The libudev API gained the new | |
4147 | udev_device_new_from_device_id() call. | |
4148 | ||
4149 | * The logic for file system namespace (ReadOnlyDirectory=, | |
4150 | ReadWriteDirectoy=, PrivateTmp=) has been reworked not to | |
4151 | require pivot_root() anymore. This means fewer temporary | |
4152 | directories are created below /tmp for this feature. | |
4153 | ||
4154 | * nspawn containers will now see and receive all submounts | |
4155 | made on the host OS below the root file system of the | |
4156 | container. | |
4157 | ||
4158 | * Forward Secure Sealing is now supported for Journal files, | |
4159 | which provide cryptographical sealing of journal files so | |
4160 | that attackers cannot alter log history anymore without this | |
4161 | being detectable. Lennart will soon post a blog story about | |
4162 | this explaining it in more detail. | |
4163 | ||
4164 | * There are two new service settings RestartPreventExitStatus= | |
4165 | and SuccessExitStatus= which allow configuration of exit | |
4166 | status (exit code or signal) which will be excepted from the | |
4167 | restart logic, resp. consider successful. | |
4168 | ||
4169 | * journalctl gained the new --verify switch that can be used | |
4170 | to check the integrity of the structure of journal files and | |
4171 | (if Forward Secure Sealing is enabled) the contents of | |
4172 | journal files. | |
4173 | ||
4174 | * nspawn containers will now be run with /dev/stdin, /dev/fd/ | |
4175 | and similar symlinks pre-created. This makes running shells | |
4176 | as container init process a lot more fun. | |
4177 | ||
4178 | * The fstab support can now handle PARTUUID= and PARTLABEL= | |
4179 | entries. | |
4180 | ||
4181 | * A new ConditionHost= condition has been added to match | |
4182 | against the hostname (with globs) and machine ID. This is | |
4183 | useful for clusters where a single OS image is used to | |
4184 | provision a large number of hosts which shall run slightly | |
4185 | different sets of services. | |
4186 | ||
4187 | * Services which hit the restart limit will now be placed in a | |
4188 | failure state. | |
4189 | ||
b6a86739 | 4190 | Contributions from: Bertram Poettering, Dave Reisner, Huang |
38a60d71 LP |
4191 | Hang, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Martin |
4192 | Pitt, Simon Peeters, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
4193 | ||
c269cec3 LP |
4194 | CHANGES WITH 188: |
4195 | ||
4196 | * When running in --user mode systemd will now become a | |
4197 | subreaper (PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER). This should make the ps | |
4198 | tree a lot more organized. | |
4199 | ||
4200 | * A new PartOf= unit dependency type has been introduced that | |
4201 | may be used to group services in a natural way. | |
4202 | ||
4203 | * "systemctl enable" may now be used to enable instances of | |
4204 | services. | |
4205 | ||
4206 | * journalctl now prints error log levels in red, and | |
4207 | warning/notice log levels in bright white. It also supports | |
4208 | filtering by log level now. | |
4209 | ||
4210 | * cgtop gained a new -n switch (similar to top), to configure | |
4211 | the maximum number of iterations to run for. It also gained | |
4212 | -b, to run in batch mode (accepting no input). | |
4213 | ||
ab06eef8 | 4214 | * The suffix ".service" may now be omitted on most systemctl |
c269cec3 LP |
4215 | command lines involving service unit names. |
4216 | ||
4217 | * There's a new bus call in logind to lock all sessions, as | |
4218 | well as a loginctl verb for it "lock-sessions". | |
4219 | ||
4220 | * libsystemd-logind.so gained a new call sd_journal_perror() | |
4221 | that works similar to libc perror() but logs to the journal | |
4222 | and encodes structured information about the error number. | |
4223 | ||
4224 | * /etc/crypttab entries now understand the new keyfile-size= | |
4225 | option. | |
4226 | ||
4227 | * shutdown(8) now can send a (configurable) wall message when | |
4228 | a shutdown is cancelled. | |
4229 | ||
4230 | * The mount propagation mode for the root file system will now | |
4231 | default to "shared", which is useful to make containers work | |
4232 | nicely out-of-the-box so that they receive new mounts from | |
4233 | the host. This can be undone locally by running "mount | |
4234 | --make-rprivate /" if needed. | |
4235 | ||
4236 | * The prefdm.service file has been removed. Distributions | |
4237 | should maintain this unit downstream if they intend to keep | |
4238 | it around. However, we recommend writing normal unit files | |
4239 | for display managers instead. | |
4240 | ||
4241 | * Since systemd is a crucial part of the OS we will now | |
4242 | default to a number of compiler switches that improve | |
4243 | security (hardening) such as read-only relocations, stack | |
4244 | protection, and suchlike. | |
4245 | ||
4246 | * The TimeoutSec= setting for services is now split into | |
4247 | TimeoutStartSec= and TimeoutStopSec= to allow configuration | |
4248 | of individual time outs for the start and the stop phase of | |
4249 | the service. | |
4250 | ||
4251 | Contributions from: Artur Zaprzala, Arvydas Sidorenko, Auke | |
4252 | Kok, Bryan Kadzban, Dave Reisner, David Strauss, Harald Hoyer, | |
4253 | Jim Meyering, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Mantas | |
4254 | Mikulėnas, Martin Pitt, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Peter | |
4255 | Alfredsen, Shawn Landden, Simon Peeters, Terence Honles, Tom | |
4256 | Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
4257 | ||
c4f1b862 LP |
4258 | CHANGES WITH 187: |
4259 | ||
4260 | * The journal and id128 C APIs are now fully documented as man | |
4261 | pages. | |
4262 | ||
4263 | * Extra safety checks have been added when transitioning from | |
4264 | the initial RAM disk to the main system to avoid accidental | |
4265 | data loss. | |
4266 | ||
c269cec3 | 4267 | * /etc/crypttab entries now understand the new keyfile-offset= |
c4f1b862 LP |
4268 | option. |
4269 | ||
4270 | * systemctl -t can now be used to filter by unit load state. | |
4271 | ||
4272 | * The journal C API gained the new sd_journal_wait() call to | |
4273 | make writing synchronous journal clients easier. | |
4274 | ||
4275 | * journalctl gained the new -D switch to show journals from a | |
4276 | specific directory. | |
4277 | ||
4278 | * journalctl now displays a special marker between log | |
4279 | messages of two different boots. | |
4280 | ||
4281 | * The journal is now explicitly flushed to /var via a service | |
4282 | systemd-journal-flush.service, rather than implicitly simply | |
4283 | by seeing /var/log/journal to be writable. | |
4284 | ||
4285 | * journalctl (and the journal C APIs) can now match for much | |
4286 | more complex expressions, with alternatives and | |
4287 | disjunctions. | |
4288 | ||
4289 | * When transitioning from the initial RAM disk to the main | |
4290 | system we will now kill all processes in a killing spree to | |
4291 | ensure no processes stay around by accident. | |
4292 | ||
4293 | * Three new specifiers may be used in unit files: %u, %h, %s | |
4294 | resolve to the user name, user home directory resp. user | |
4295 | shell. This is useful for running systemd user instances. | |
4296 | ||
4297 | * We now automatically rotate journal files if their data | |
4298 | object hash table gets a fill level > 75%. We also size the | |
4299 | hash table based on the configured maximum file size. This | |
4300 | together should lower hash collisions drastically and thus | |
4301 | speed things up a bit. | |
4302 | ||
4303 | * journalctl gained the new "--header" switch to introspect | |
4304 | header data of journal files. | |
4305 | ||
4306 | * A new setting SystemCallFilters= has been added to services | |
4307 | which may be used to apply blacklists or whitelists to | |
4308 | system calls. This is based on SECCOMP Mode 2 of Linux 3.5. | |
4309 | ||
4310 | * nspawn gained a new --link-journal= switch (and quicker: -j) | |
4311 | to link the container journal with the host. This makes it | |
4312 | very easy to centralize log viewing on the host for all | |
4313 | guests while still keeping the journal files separated. | |
4314 | ||
4315 | * Many bugfixes and optimizations | |
4316 | ||
4317 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Eelco Dolstra, Harald Hoyer, Kay | |
4318 | Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Malte Starostik, Paul Menzel, Rex | |
4319 | Tsai, Shawn Landden, Tom Gundersen, Ville Skyttä, Zbigniew | |
4320 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
4321 | ||
b5b4c94a LP |
4322 | CHANGES WITH 186: |
4323 | ||
4324 | * Several tools now understand kernel command line arguments, | |
4325 | which are only read when run in an initial RAM disk. They | |
4326 | usually follow closely their normal counterparts, but are | |
4327 | prefixed with rd. | |
4328 | ||
4329 | * There's a new tool to analyze the readahead files that are | |
4330 | automatically generated at boot. Use: | |
4331 | ||
4332 | /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-readahead analyze /.readahead | |
4333 | ||
4334 | * We now provide an early debug shell on tty9 if this enabled. Use: | |
4335 | ||
d1f9edaf | 4336 | systemctl enable debug-shell.service |
b5b4c94a LP |
4337 | |
4338 | * All plymouth related units have been moved into the Plymouth | |
4339 | package. Please make sure to upgrade your Plymouth version | |
4340 | as well. | |
4341 | ||
4342 | * systemd-tmpfiles now supports getting passed the basename of | |
4343 | a configuration file only, in which case it will look for it | |
4344 | in all appropriate directories automatically. | |
4345 | ||
4346 | * udevadm info now takes a /dev or /sys path as argument, and | |
4347 | does the right thing. Example: | |
4348 | ||
4349 | udevadm info /dev/sda | |
4350 | udevadm info /sys/class/block/sda | |
4351 | ||
4352 | * systemctl now prints a warning if a unit is stopped but a | |
4353 | unit that might trigger it continues to run. Example: a | |
4354 | service is stopped but the socket that activates it is left | |
4355 | running. | |
4356 | ||
4357 | * "systemctl status" will now mention if the log output was | |
4358 | shortened due to rotation since a service has been started. | |
4359 | ||
4360 | * The journal API now exposes functions to determine the | |
4361 | "cutoff" times due to rotation. | |
4362 | ||
4363 | * journald now understands SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2 for triggering | |
4364 | immediately flushing of runtime logs to /var if possible, | |
4365 | resp. for triggering immediate rotation of the journal | |
4366 | files. | |
4367 | ||
4368 | * It is now considered an error if a service is attempted to | |
4369 | be stopped that is not loaded. | |
4370 | ||
4371 | * XDG_RUNTIME_DIR now uses numeric UIDs instead of usernames. | |
4372 | ||
4373 | * systemd-analyze now supports Python 3 | |
4374 | ||
4375 | * tmpfiles now supports cleaning up directories via aging | |
4376 | where the first level dirs are always kept around but | |
4377 | directories beneath it automatically aged. This is enabled | |
4378 | by prefixing the age field with '~'. | |
4379 | ||
4380 | * Seat objects now expose CanGraphical, CanTTY properties | |
4381 | which is required to deal with very fast bootups where the | |
4382 | display manager might be running before the graphics drivers | |
4383 | completed initialization. | |
4384 | ||
4385 | * Seat objects now expose a State property. | |
4386 | ||
4387 | * We now include RPM macros for service enabling/disabling | |
4388 | based on the preset logic. We recommend RPM based | |
4389 | distributions to make use of these macros if possible. This | |
4390 | makes it simpler to reuse RPM spec files across | |
4391 | distributions. | |
4392 | ||
4393 | * We now make sure that the collected systemd unit name is | |
4394 | always valid when services log to the journal via | |
4395 | STDOUT/STDERR. | |
4396 | ||
4397 | * There's a new man page kernel-command-line(7) detailing all | |
4398 | command line options we understand. | |
4399 | ||
4400 | * The fstab generator may now be disabled at boot by passing | |
4401 | fstab=0 on the kernel command line. | |
4402 | ||
91ac7425 | 4403 | * A new kernel command line option modules-load= is now understood |
b5b4c94a LP |
4404 | to load a specific kernel module statically, early at boot. |
4405 | ||
4406 | * Unit names specified on the systemctl command line are now | |
4407 | automatically escaped as needed. Also, if file system or | |
4408 | device paths are specified they are automatically turned | |
4409 | into the appropriate mount or device unit names. Example: | |
4410 | ||
4411 | systemctl status /home | |
4412 | systemctl status /dev/sda | |
4413 | ||
4414 | * The SysVConsole= configuration option has been removed from | |
4415 | system.conf parsing. | |
4416 | ||
4417 | * The SysV search path is no longer exported on the D-Bus | |
4418 | Manager object. | |
4419 | ||
4420 | * The Names= option is been removed from unit file parsing. | |
4421 | ||
4422 | * There's a new man page bootup(7) detailing the boot process. | |
4423 | ||
4424 | * Every unit and every generator we ship with systemd now | |
4425 | comes with full documentation. The self-explanatory boot is | |
4426 | complete. | |
4427 | ||
4428 | * A couple of services gained "systemd-" prefixes in their | |
4429 | name if they wrap systemd code, rather than only external | |
4430 | code. Among them fsck@.service which is now | |
4431 | systemd-fsck@.service. | |
4432 | ||
4433 | * The HaveWatchdog property has been removed from the D-Bus | |
4434 | Manager object. | |
4435 | ||
4436 | * systemd.confirm_spawn= on the kernel command line should now | |
4437 | work sensibly. | |
4438 | ||
4439 | * There's a new man page crypttab(5) which details all options | |
4440 | we actually understand. | |
4441 | ||
4442 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --capability= switch to pass | |
4443 | additional capabilities to the container. | |
4444 | ||
4445 | * timedated will now read known NTP implementation unit names | |
5b00c016 | 4446 | from /usr/lib/systemd/ntp-units.d/*.list, |
b5b4c94a LP |
4447 | systemd-timedated-ntp.target has been removed. |
4448 | ||
4449 | * journalctl gained a new switch "-b" that lists log data of | |
4450 | the current boot only. | |
4451 | ||
4452 | * The notify socket is in the abstract namespace again, in | |
4453 | order to support daemons which chroot() at start-up. | |
4454 | ||
4455 | * There is a new Storage= configuration option for journald | |
4456 | which allows configuration of where log data should go. This | |
4457 | also provides a way to disable journal logging entirely, so | |
4458 | that data collected is only forwarded to the console, the | |
4459 | kernel log buffer or another syslog implementation. | |
4460 | ||
c4f1b862 | 4461 | * Many bugfixes and optimizations |
b5b4c94a | 4462 | |
2d938ac7 LP |
4463 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Colin Guthrie, Dave Reisner, |
4464 | David Strauss, Eelco Dolstra, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, | |
4465 | Lukas Nykryn, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Paul Menzel, | |
4466 | Shawn Landden, Tom Gundersen | |
b5b4c94a | 4467 | |
2d197285 | 4468 | CHANGES WITH 185: |
b6a86739 | 4469 | |
2d197285 KS |
4470 | * "systemctl help <unit>" now shows the man page if one is |
4471 | available. | |
4472 | ||
4473 | * Several new man pages have been added. | |
4474 | ||
b5b4c94a LP |
4475 | * MaxLevelStore=, MaxLevelSyslog=, MaxLevelKMsg=, |
4476 | MaxLevelConsole= can now be specified in | |
4477 | journald.conf. These options allow reducing the amount of | |
4478 | data stored on disk or forwarded by the log level. | |
2d197285 | 4479 | |
b5b4c94a LP |
4480 | * TimerSlackNSec= can now be specified in system.conf for |
4481 | PID1. This allows system-wide power savings. | |
2d197285 KS |
4482 | |
4483 | Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lauri Kasanen, | |
4484 | Lennart Poettering, Malte Starostik, Marc-Antoine Perennou, | |
4485 | Matthias Clasen | |
4486 | ||
4c8cd173 | 4487 | CHANGES WITH 184: |
b6a86739 | 4488 | |
4c8cd173 LP |
4489 | * logind is now capable of (optionally) handling power and |
4490 | sleep keys as well as the lid switch. | |
4491 | ||
4492 | * journalctl now understands the syntax "journalctl | |
4493 | /usr/bin/avahi-daemon" to get all log output of a specific | |
4494 | daemon. | |
4495 | ||
4496 | * CapabilityBoundingSet= in system.conf now also influences | |
4497 | the capability bound set of usermode helpers of the kernel. | |
4498 | ||
4499 | Contributions from: Daniel Drake, Daniel J. Walsh, Gert | |
4500 | Michael Kulyk, Harald Hoyer, Jean Delvare, Kay Sievers, | |
4501 | Lennart Poettering, Matthew Garrett, Matthias Clasen, Paul | |
4502 | Menzel, Shawn Landden, Tero Roponen, Tom Gundersen | |
4503 | ||
ea5943d3 | 4504 | CHANGES WITH 183: |
b6a86739 | 4505 | |
187076d4 LP |
4506 | * Note that we skipped 139 releases here in order to set the |
4507 | new version to something that is greater than both udev's | |
4508 | and systemd's most recent version number. | |
4509 | ||
194bbe33 KS |
4510 | * udev: all udev sources are merged into the systemd source tree now. |
4511 | All future udev development will happen in the systemd tree. It | |
4512 | is still fully supported to use the udev daemon and tools without | |
4513 | systemd running, like in initramfs or other init systems. Building | |
4514 | udev though, will require the *build* of the systemd tree, but | |
ea5943d3 | 4515 | udev can be properly *run* without systemd. |
07cd4fc1 | 4516 | |
91cf7e5c | 4517 | * udev: /lib/udev/devices/ are not read anymore; systemd-tmpfiles |
f13b388f KS |
4518 | should be used to create dead device nodes as workarounds for broken |
4519 | subsystems. | |
64661ee7 | 4520 | |
2d13da88 KS |
4521 | * udev: RUN+="socket:..." and udev_monitor_new_from_socket() is |
4522 | no longer supported. udev_monitor_new_from_netlink() needs to be | |
4523 | used to subscribe to events. | |
4524 | ||
194bbe33 KS |
4525 | * udev: when udevd is started by systemd, processes which are left |
4526 | behind by forking them off of udev rules, are unconditionally cleaned | |
4527 | up and killed now after the event handling has finished. Services or | |
4528 | daemons must be started as systemd services. Services can be | |
ea5943d3 | 4529 | pulled-in by udev to get started, but they can no longer be directly |
194bbe33 KS |
4530 | forked by udev rules. |
4531 | ||
f13b388f KS |
4532 | * udev: the daemon binary is called systemd-udevd now and installed |
4533 | in /usr/lib/systemd/. Standalone builds or non-systemd systems need | |
4534 | to adapt to that, create symlink, or rename the binary after building | |
4535 | it. | |
4536 | ||
ea5943d3 | 4537 | * libudev no longer provides these symbols: |
c1959569 KS |
4538 | udev_monitor_from_socket() |
4539 | udev_queue_get_failed_list_entry() | |
4540 | udev_get_{dev,sys,run}_path() | |
ea5943d3 | 4541 | The versions number was bumped and symbol versioning introduced. |
c1959569 | 4542 | |
ea5943d3 | 4543 | * systemd-loginctl and systemd-journalctl have been renamed |
9ae9afce | 4544 | to loginctl and journalctl to match systemctl. |
18b754d3 KS |
4545 | |
4546 | * The config files: /etc/systemd/systemd-logind.conf and | |
4547 | /etc/systemd/systemd-journald.conf have been renamed to | |
4548 | logind.conf and journald.conf. Package updates should rename | |
4549 | the files to the new names on upgrade. | |
4550 | ||
ea5943d3 LP |
4551 | * For almost all files the license is now LGPL2.1+, changed |
4552 | from the previous GPL2.0+. Exceptions are some minor stuff | |
4553 | of udev (which will be changed to LGPL2.1 eventually, too), | |
4554 | and the MIT licensed sd-daemon.[ch] library that is suitable | |
4555 | to be used as drop-in files. | |
4556 | ||
4557 | * systemd and logind now handle system sleep states, in | |
49f43d5f | 4558 | particular suspending and hibernating. |
ea5943d3 LP |
4559 | |
4560 | * logind now implements a sleep/shutdown/idle inhibiting logic | |
4561 | suitable for a variety of uses. Soonishly Lennart will blog | |
4562 | about this in more detail. | |
4563 | ||
4564 | * var-run.mount and var-lock.mount are no longer provided | |
4565 | (which prevously bind mounted these directories to their new | |
4566 | places). Distributions which have not converted these | |
4567 | directories to symlinks should consider stealing these files | |
4568 | from git history and add them downstream. | |
4569 | ||
4570 | * We introduced the Documentation= field for units and added | |
4571 | this to all our shipped units. This is useful to make it | |
3943231c | 4572 | easier to explore the boot and the purpose of the various |
ea5943d3 LP |
4573 | units. |
4574 | ||
4575 | * All smaller setup units (such as | |
4576 | systemd-vconsole-setup.service) now detect properly if they | |
4577 | are run in a container and are skipped when | |
4578 | appropriate. This guarantees an entirely noise-free boot in | |
4579 | Linux container environments such as systemd-nspawn. | |
4580 | ||
4581 | * A framework for implementing offline system updates is now | |
4582 | integrated, for details see: | |
4583 | http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/SystemUpdates | |
4584 | ||
4585 | * A new service type Type=idle is available now which helps us | |
4586 | avoiding ugly interleaving of getty output and boot status | |
4587 | messages. | |
4588 | ||
439d6dfd LP |
4589 | * There's now a system-wide CapabilityBoundingSet= option to |
4590 | globally reduce the set of capabilities for the | |
ea5943d3 LP |
4591 | system. This is useful to drop CAP_SYS_MKNOD, CAP_SYS_RAWIO, |
4592 | CAP_NET_RAW, CAP_SYS_MODULE, CAP_SYS_TIME, CAP_SYS_PTRACE or | |
4593 | even CAP_NET_ADMIN system-wide for secure systems. | |
4594 | ||
4595 | * There are now system-wide DefaultLimitXXX= options to | |
4596 | globally change the defaults of the various resource limits | |
4597 | for all units started by PID 1. | |
4598 | ||
4599 | * Harald Hoyer's systemd test suite has been integrated into | |
4600 | systemd which allows easy testing of systemd builds in qemu | |
4601 | and nspawn. (This is really awesome! Ask us for details!) | |
4602 | ||
3943231c LP |
4603 | * The fstab parser is now implemented as generator, not inside |
4604 | of PID 1 anymore. | |
ea5943d3 LP |
4605 | |
4606 | * systemctl will now warn you if .mount units generated from | |
4607 | /etc/fstab are out of date due to changes in fstab that | |
d28315e4 | 4608 | have not been read by systemd yet. |
ea5943d3 LP |
4609 | |
4610 | * systemd is now suitable for usage in initrds. Dracut has | |
4611 | already been updated to make use of this. With this in place | |
4612 | initrds get a slight bit faster but primarily are much | |
4613 | easier to introspect and debug since "systemctl status" in | |
4614 | the host system can be used to introspect initrd services, | |
4615 | and the journal from the initrd is kept around too. | |
4616 | ||
4617 | * systemd-delta has been added, a tool to explore differences | |
4618 | between user/admin configuration and vendor defaults. | |
4619 | ||
4620 | * PrivateTmp= now affects both /tmp and /var/tmp. | |
4621 | ||
4622 | * Boot time status messages are now much prettier and feature | |
4623 | proper english language. Booting up systemd has never been | |
4624 | so sexy. | |
4625 | ||
4626 | * Read-ahead pack files now include the inode number of all | |
4627 | files to pre-cache. When the inode changes the pre-caching | |
4628 | is not attempted. This should be nicer to deal with updated | |
4629 | packages which might result in changes of read-ahead | |
4630 | patterns. | |
4631 | ||
4632 | * We now temporaritly lower the kernel's read_ahead_kb variable | |
4633 | when collecting read-ahead data to ensure the kernel's | |
4634 | built-in read-ahead does not add noise to our measurements | |
4635 | of necessary blocks to pre-cache. | |
4636 | ||
4637 | * There's now RequiresMountsFor= to add automatic dependencies | |
4638 | for all mounts necessary for a specific file system path. | |
4639 | ||
4640 | * MountAuto= and SwapAuto= have been removed from | |
4641 | system.conf. Mounting file systems at boot has to take place | |
4642 | in systemd now. | |
4643 | ||
4644 | * nspawn now learned a new switch --uuid= to set the machine | |
4645 | ID on the command line. | |
4646 | ||
f8c0a2cb | 4647 | * nspawn now learned the -b switch to automatically search |
ea5943d3 LP |
4648 | for an init system. |
4649 | ||
4650 | * vt102 is now the default TERM for serial TTYs, upgraded from | |
4651 | vt100. | |
4652 | ||
4653 | * systemd-logind now works on VT-less systems. | |
4654 | ||
4655 | * The build tree has been reorganized. The individual | |
3943231c | 4656 | components now have directories of their own. |
ea5943d3 LP |
4657 | |
4658 | * A new condition type ConditionPathIsReadWrite= is now available. | |
4659 | ||
4660 | * nspawn learned the new -C switch to create cgroups for the | |
4661 | container in other hierarchies. | |
4662 | ||
4663 | * We now have support for hardware watchdogs, configurable in | |
4664 | system.conf. | |
4665 | ||
4666 | * The scheduled shutdown logic now has a public API. | |
4667 | ||
4668 | * We now mount /tmp as tmpfs by default, but this can be | |
4669 | masked and /etc/fstab can override it. | |
4670 | ||
d28315e4 | 4671 | * Since udisks does not make use of /media anymore we are not |
ea5943d3 LP |
4672 | mounting a tmpfs on it anymore. |
4673 | ||
4674 | * journalctl gained a new --local switch to only interleave | |
4675 | locally generated journal files. | |
4676 | ||
4677 | * We can now load the IMA policy at boot automatically. | |
4678 | ||
4679 | * The GTK tools have been split off into a systemd-ui. | |
4680 | ||
79849bf9 LP |
4681 | Contributions from: Andreas Schwab, Auke Kok, Ayan George, |
4682 | Colin Guthrie, Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Ward, Elan | |
4683 | Ruusamäe, Frederic Crozat, Gergely Nagy, Guillermo Vidal, | |
4684 | Hannes Reinecke, Harald Hoyer, Javier Jardón, Kay Sievers, | |
4685 | Lennart Poettering, Lucas De Marchi, Léo Gillot-Lamure, | |
4686 | Marc-Antoine Perennou, Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Maxim | |
4687 | A. Mikityanskiy, Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, Michal | |
4688 | Schmidt, Nis Martensen, Patrick McCarty, Roberto Sassu, Shawn | |
4689 | Landden, Sjoerd Simons, Sven Anders, Tollef Fog Heen, Tom | |
4690 | Gundersen | |
4691 | ||
16f1239e | 4692 | CHANGES WITH 44: |
b6a86739 | 4693 | |
16f1239e LP |
4694 | * This is mostly a bugfix release |
4695 | ||
4696 | * Support optional initialization of the machine ID from the | |
4697 | KVM or container configured UUID. | |
4698 | ||
4699 | * Support immediate reboots with "systemctl reboot -ff" | |
4700 | ||
4701 | * Show /etc/os-release data in systemd-analyze output | |
4702 | ||
ab06eef8 | 4703 | * Many bugfixes for the journal, including endianness fixes and |
16f1239e LP |
4704 | ensuring that disk space enforcement works |
4705 | ||
4706 | * sd-login.h is C++ comptaible again | |
4707 | ||
4708 | * Extend the /etc/os-release format on request of the Debian | |
4709 | folks | |
4710 | ||
4711 | * We now refuse non-UTF8 strings used in various configuration | |
d28315e4 | 4712 | and unit files. This is done to ensure we do not pass invalid |
16f1239e LP |
4713 | data over D-Bus or expose it elsewhere. |
4714 | ||
4715 | * Register Mimo USB Screens as suitable for automatic seat | |
4716 | configuration | |
4717 | ||
4718 | * Read SELinux client context from journal clients in a race | |
4719 | free fashion | |
4720 | ||
4721 | * Reorder configuration file lookup order. /etc now always | |
4722 | overrides /run in order to allow the administrator to always | |
4723 | and unconditionally override vendor supplied or | |
4724 | automatically generated data. | |
4725 | ||
4726 | * The various user visible bits of the journal now have man | |
4727 | pages. We still lack man pages for the journal API calls | |
4728 | however. | |
4729 | ||
4730 | * We now ship all man pages in HTML format again in the | |
4731 | tarball. | |
4732 | ||
4733 | Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Dirk Eibach, Frederic | |
4734 | Crozat, Harald Hoyer, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Marti | |
4735 | Raudsepp, Michal Schmidt, Shawn Landden, Tero Roponen, Thierry | |
4736 | Reding | |
4737 | ||
437b7dee | 4738 | CHANGES WITH 43: |
b6a86739 | 4739 | |
437b7dee LP |
4740 | * This is mostly a bugfix release |
4741 | ||
4742 | * systems lacking /etc/os-release are no longer supported. | |
4743 | ||
4744 | * Various functionality updates to libsystemd-login.so | |
4745 | ||
4746 | * Track class of PAM logins to distuingish greeters from | |
4747 | normal user logins. | |
4748 | ||
4749 | Contributions from: Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Michael | |
4750 | Biebl | |
4751 | ||
204fa33c | 4752 | CHANGES WITH 42: |
b6a86739 | 4753 | |
204fa33c LP |
4754 | * This is an important bugfix release for v41. |
4755 | ||
4756 | * Building man pages is now optional which should be useful | |
4757 | for those building systemd from git but unwilling to install | |
4758 | xsltproc. | |
4759 | ||
4760 | * Watchdog support for supervising services is now usable. In | |
4761 | a future release support for hardware watchdogs | |
4762 | (i.e. /dev/watchdog) will be added building on this. | |
4763 | ||
4764 | * Service start rate limiting is now configurable and can be | |
4765 | turned off per service. When a start rate limit is hit a | |
4766 | reboot can automatically be triggered. | |
4767 | ||
4768 | * New CanReboot(), CanPowerOff() bus calls in systemd-logind. | |
4769 | ||
4770 | Contributions from: Benjamin Franzke, Bill Nottingham, | |
4771 | Frederic Crozat, Lennart Poettering, Michael Olbrich, Michal | |
4772 | Schmidt, Michał Górny, Piotr Drąg | |
4773 | ||
e0d25329 | 4774 | CHANGES WITH 41: |
b6a86739 | 4775 | |
e0d25329 KS |
4776 | * The systemd binary is installed /usr/lib/systemd/systemd now; |
4777 | An existing /sbin/init symlink needs to be adapted with the | |
4778 | package update. | |
4779 | ||
b13df964 LP |
4780 | * The code that loads kernel modules has been ported to invoke |
4781 | libkmod directly, instead of modprobe. This means we do not | |
4782 | support systems with module-init-tools anymore. | |
4783 | ||
4784 | * Watchdog support is now already useful, but still not | |
4785 | complete. | |
4786 | ||
4787 | * A new kernel command line option systemd.setenv= is | |
4788 | understood to set system wide environment variables | |
4789 | dynamically at boot. | |
4790 | ||
e9c1ea9d | 4791 | * We now limit the set of capabilities of systemd-journald. |
ccd07a08 | 4792 | |
353e12c2 LP |
4793 | * We now set SIGPIPE to ignore by default, since it only is |
4794 | useful in shell pipelines, and has little use in general | |
4795 | code. This can be disabled with IgnoreSIPIPE=no in unit | |
4796 | files. | |
4797 | ||
b13df964 LP |
4798 | Contributions from: Benjamin Franzke, Kay Sievers, Lennart |
4799 | Poettering, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Tom Gundersen, | |
4800 | William Douglas | |
4801 | ||
d26e4270 | 4802 | CHANGES WITH 40: |
b6a86739 | 4803 | |
d26e4270 LP |
4804 | * This is mostly a bugfix release |
4805 | ||
4806 | * We now expose the reason why a service failed in the | |
4807 | "Result" D-Bus property. | |
4808 | ||
4809 | * Rudimentary service watchdog support (will be completed over | |
4810 | the next few releases.) | |
4811 | ||
4812 | * When systemd forks off in order execute some service we will | |
4813 | now immediately changes its argv[0] to reflect which process | |
4814 | it will execute. This is useful to minimize the time window | |
4815 | with a generic argv[0], which makes bootcharts more useful | |
4816 | ||
b13df964 LP |
4817 | Contributions from: Alvaro Soliverez, Chris Paulson-Ellis, Kay |
4818 | Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, | |
4819 | Mike Kazantsev, Ray Strode | |
4820 | ||
220a21d3 | 4821 | CHANGES WITH 39: |
b6a86739 | 4822 | |
220a21d3 LP |
4823 | * This is mostly a test release, but incorporates many |
4824 | bugfixes. | |
4825 | ||
4826 | * New systemd-cgtop tool to show control groups by their | |
4827 | resource usage. | |
4828 | ||
4829 | * Linking against libacl for ACLs is optional again. If | |
4830 | disabled, support tracking device access for active logins | |
4831 | goes becomes unavailable, and so does access to the user | |
4832 | journals by the respective users. | |
4833 | ||
4834 | * If a group "adm" exists, journal files are automatically | |
4835 | owned by them, thus allow members of this group full access | |
4836 | to the system journal as well as all user journals. | |
4837 | ||
4838 | * The journal now stores the SELinux context of the logging | |
4839 | client for all entries. | |
4840 | ||
4841 | * Add C++ inclusion guards to all public headers | |
4842 | ||
4843 | * New output mode "cat" in the journal to print only text | |
4844 | messages, without any meta data like date or time. | |
4845 | ||
4846 | * Include tiny X server wrapper as a temporary stop-gap to | |
4847 | teach XOrg udev display enumeration. This is used by display | |
4848 | managers such as gdm, and will go away as soon as XOrg | |
4849 | learned native udev hotplugging for display devices. | |
4850 | ||
4851 | * Add new systemd-cat tool for executing arbitrary programs | |
4852 | with STDERR/STDOUT connected to the journal. Can also act as | |
4853 | BSD logger replacement, and does so by default. | |
4854 | ||
4855 | * Optionally store all locally generated coredumps in the | |
4856 | journal along with meta data. | |
4857 | ||
4858 | * systemd-tmpfiles learnt four new commands: n, L, c, b, for | |
4859 | writing short strings to files (for usage for /sys), and for | |
4860 | creating symlinks, character and block device nodes. | |
4861 | ||
4862 | * New unit file option ControlGroupPersistent= to make cgroups | |
4863 | persistent, following the mechanisms outlined in | |
4864 | http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PaxControlGroups | |
4865 | ||
4866 | * Support multiple local RTCs in a sane way | |
4867 | ||
4868 | * No longer monopolize IO when replaying readahead data on | |
4869 | rotating disks, since we might starve non-file-system IO to | |
4870 | death, since fanotify() will not see accesses done by blkid, | |
4871 | or fsck. | |
4872 | ||
d28315e4 | 4873 | * Do not show kernel threads in systemd-cgls anymore, unless |
220a21d3 LP |
4874 | requested with new -k switch. |
4875 | ||
4876 | Contributions from: Dan Horák, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
4877 | Poettering, Michal Schmidt | |
4878 | ||
4879 | CHANGES WITH 38: | |
b6a86739 | 4880 | |
220a21d3 LP |
4881 | * This is mostly a test release, but incorporates many |
4882 | bugfixes. | |
4883 | ||
4884 | * The git repository moved to: | |
4885 | git://anongit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd | |
4886 | ssh://git.freedesktop.org/git/systemd/systemd | |
4887 | ||
4888 | * First release with the journal | |
4889 | http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/the-journal.html | |
4890 | ||
4891 | * The journal replaces both systemd-kmsg-syslogd and | |
4892 | systemd-stdout-bridge. | |
4893 | ||
4894 | * New sd_pid_get_unit() API call in libsystemd-logind | |
4895 | ||
4896 | * Many systemadm clean-ups | |
4897 | ||
4898 | * Introduce remote-fs-pre.target which is ordered before all | |
4899 | remote mounts and may be used to start services before all | |
4900 | remote mounts. | |
4901 | ||
4902 | * Added Mageia support | |
4903 | ||
4904 | * Add bash completion for systemd-loginctl | |
4905 | ||
4906 | * Actively monitor PID file creation for daemons which exit in | |
4907 | the parent process before having finished writing the PID | |
4908 | file in the daemon process. Daemons which do this need to be | |
4909 | fixed (i.e. PID file creation must have finished before the | |
4910 | parent exits), but we now react a bit more gracefully to them. | |
4911 | ||
4912 | * Add colourful boot output, mimicking the well-known output | |
4913 | of existing distributions. | |
4914 | ||
4915 | * New option PassCredentials= for socket units, for | |
4916 | compatibility with a recent kernel ABI breakage. | |
4917 | ||
4918 | * /etc/rc.local is now hooked in via a generator binary, and | |
4919 | thus will no longer act as synchronization point during | |
4920 | boot. | |
4921 | ||
4922 | * systemctl list-unit-files now supports --root=. | |
4923 | ||
4924 | * systemd-tmpfiles now understands two new commands: z, Z for | |
4925 | relabelling files according to the SELinux database. This is | |
4926 | useful to apply SELinux labels to specific files in /sys, | |
4927 | among other things. | |
4928 | ||
4929 | * Output of SysV services is now forwarded to both the console | |
4930 | and the journal by default, not only just the console. | |
4931 | ||
4932 | * New man pages for all APIs from libsystemd-login. | |
4933 | ||
4934 | * The build tree got reorganized and a the build system is a | |
4935 | lot more modular allowing embedded setups to specifically | |
4936 | select the components of systemd they are interested in. | |
4937 | ||
4938 | * Support for Linux systems lacking the kernel VT subsystem is | |
4939 | restored. | |
4940 | ||
4941 | * configure's --with-rootdir= got renamed to | |
4942 | --with-rootprefix= to follow the naming used by udev and | |
4943 | kmod | |
4944 | ||
d28315e4 | 4945 | * Unless specified otherwise we will now install to /usr instead |
220a21d3 LP |
4946 | of /usr/local by default. |
4947 | ||
4948 | * Processes with '@' in argv[0][0] are now excluded from the | |
4949 | final shut-down killing spree, following the logic explained | |
4950 | in: | |
4951 | http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/RootStorageDaemons | |
4952 | ||
4953 | * All processes remaining in a service cgroup when we enter | |
4954 | the START or START_PRE states are now killed with | |
4955 | SIGKILL. That means it is no longer possible to spawn | |
4956 | background processes from ExecStart= lines (which was never | |
4957 | supported anyway, and bad style). | |
4958 | ||
4959 | * New PropagateReloadTo=/PropagateReloadFrom= options to bind | |
4960 | reloading of units together. | |
4961 | ||
4c8cd173 | 4962 | Contributions from: Bill Nottingham, Daniel J. Walsh, Dave |
220a21d3 LP |
4963 | Reisner, Dexter Morgan, Gregs Gregs, Jonathan Nieder, Kay |
4964 | Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Michael Biebl, Michal Schmidt, | |
4965 | Michał Górny, Ran Benita, Thomas Jarosch, Tim Waugh, Tollef | |
4966 | Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek |