]>
Commit | Line | Data |
---|---|---|
d3ad40de CR |
1 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-3.2 since |
2 | the release of bash-3.1. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
3 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
4 | ||
5 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
6 | ||
7 | a. Changed the parameter pattern replacement functions to not anchor the | |
8 | pattern at the beginning of the string if doing global replacement - that | |
9 | combination doesn't make any sense. | |
10 | ||
11 | b. When running in `word expansion only' mode (--wordexp option), inhibit | |
12 | process substitution. | |
13 | ||
14 | c. Loadable builtins now work on MacOS X 10.[34]. | |
15 | ||
16 | d. Shells running in posix mode no longer set $HOME, as POSIX requires. | |
17 | ||
18 | e. The code that checks for binary files being executed as shell scripts now | |
19 | checks only for NUL rather than any non-printing character. | |
20 | ||
21 | f. Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's =~ operator now forces | |
22 | string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators. | |
23 | ||
24 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
25 | ||
26 | a. Calling applications can now set the keyboard timeout to 0, allowing | |
27 | poll-like behavior. | |
28 | ||
29 | b. The value of SYS_INPUTRC (configurable at compilation time) is now used as | |
30 | the default last-ditch startup file. | |
31 | ||
32 | c. The history file reading functions now allow windows-like \r\n line | |
33 | terminators. | |
34 | ||
35 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
1569c106 CR |
36 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-3.1 since |
37 | the release of bash-3.0. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
38 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
39 | ||
40 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
41 | ||
42 | a. Bash now understands LC_TIME as a special variable so that time display | |
43 | tracks the current locale. | |
44 | ||
45 | b. BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, BASH_SOURCE, and BASH_LINENO are no longer created | |
46 | as `invisible' variables and may not be unset. | |
47 | ||
48 | c. In POSIX mode, if `xpg_echo' option is enabled, the `echo' builtin doesn't | |
49 | try to interpret any options at all, as POSIX requires. | |
50 | ||
51 | d. The `bg' builtin now accepts multiple arguments, as POSIX seems to specify. | |
52 | ||
53 | e. Fixed vi-mode word completion and glob expansion to perform tilde | |
54 | expansion. | |
55 | ||
56 | f. The `**' mathematic exponentiation operator is now right-associative. | |
57 | ||
58 | g. The `ulimit' builtin has new options: -i (max number of pending signals), | |
59 | -q (max size of POSIX message queues), and -x (max number of file locks). | |
60 | ||
61 | h. A bare `%' once again expands to the current job when used as a job | |
62 | specifier. | |
63 | ||
64 | i. The `+=' assignment operator (append to the value of a string or array) is | |
65 | now supported for assignment statements and arguments to builtin commands | |
66 | that accept assignment statements. | |
67 | ||
68 | j. BASH_COMMAND now preserves its value when a DEBUG trap is executed. | |
69 | ||
70 | k. The `gnu_errfmt' option is enabled automatically if the shell is running | |
71 | in an emacs terminal window. | |
72 | ||
73 | l. New configuration option: --single-help-strings. Causes long help text | |
74 | to be written as a single string; intended to ease translation. | |
75 | ||
76 | m. The COMP_WORDBREAKS variable now causes the list of word break characters | |
77 | to be emptied when the variable is unset. | |
78 | ||
79 | n. An unquoted expansion of $* when $IFS is empty now causes the positional | |
80 | parameters to be concatenated if the expansion doesn't undergo word | |
81 | splitting. | |
82 | ||
83 | o. Bash now inherits $_ from the environment if it appears there at startup. | |
84 | ||
85 | p. New shell option: nocasematch. If non-zero, shell pattern matching ignores | |
86 | case when used by `case' and `[[' commands. | |
87 | ||
88 | q. The `printf' builtin takes a new option: -v var. That causes the output | |
89 | to be placed into var instead of on stdout. | |
90 | ||
91 | r. By default, the shell no longer reports processes dying from SIGPIPE. | |
92 | ||
93 | s. Bash now sets the extern variable `environ' to the export environment it | |
94 | creates, so C library functions that call getenv() (and can't use the | |
95 | shell-provided replacement) get current values of environment variables. | |
96 | ||
a2e7f358 CR |
97 | t. A new configuration option, `--enable-strict-posix-default', which will |
98 | build bash to be POSIX conforming by default. | |
99 | ||
28089d04 CR |
100 | u. If compiled for strict POSIX conformance, LINES and COLUMNS may now |
101 | override the true terminal size. | |
102 | ||
1569c106 CR |
103 | 2. New Features in Readline |
104 | ||
105 | a. The key sequence sent by the keypad `delete' key is now automatically | |
106 | bound to delete-char. | |
107 | ||
108 | b. A negative argument to menu-complete now cycles backward through the | |
109 | completion list. | |
110 | ||
111 | c. A new bindable readline variable: bind-tty-special-chars. If non-zero, | |
112 | readline will bind the terminal special characters to their readline | |
113 | equivalents when it's called (on by default). | |
114 | ||
115 | d. New bindable command: vi-rubout. Saves deleted text for possible | |
116 | reinsertion, as with any vi-mode `text modification' command; `X' is bound | |
117 | to this in vi command mode. | |
118 | ||
28089d04 CR |
119 | e. A new external application-controllable variable that allows the LINES |
120 | and COLUMNS environment variables to set the window size regardless of | |
121 | what the kernel returns: rl_prefer_env_winsize | |
122 | ||
1569c106 | 123 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
d3a24ed2 CR |
124 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-3.0 since |
125 | the release of bash-2.05b. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
126 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
127 | ||
128 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
129 | ||
130 | a. ANSI string expansion now implements the \x{hexdigits} escape. | |
131 | ||
132 | b. There is a new loadable `strftime' builtin. | |
133 | ||
134 | c. New variable, COMP_WORDBREAKS, which controls the readline completer's | |
135 | idea of word break characters. | |
136 | ||
137 | d. The `type' builtin no longer reports on aliases unless alias expansion | |
138 | will actually be performed. | |
139 | ||
140 | e. HISTCONTROL is now a colon-separated list of values, which permits | |
141 | more extensibility and backwards compatibility. | |
142 | ||
143 | f. HISTCONTROL may now include the `erasedups' option, which causes all lines | |
144 | matching a line being added to be removed from the history list. | |
145 | ||
146 | g. `configure' has a new `--enable-multibyte' argument that permits multibyte | |
147 | character support to be disabled even on systems that support it. | |
148 | ||
149 | h. New variables to support the bash debugger: BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, | |
150 | BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO, BASH_SUBSHELL, BASH_EXECUTION_STRING, | |
151 | BASH_COMMAND | |
152 | ||
153 | i. FUNCNAME has been changed to support the debugger: it's now an array | |
154 | variable. | |
155 | ||
156 | j. for, case, select, arithmetic commands now keep line number information | |
157 | for the debugger. | |
158 | ||
159 | k. There is a new `RETURN' trap executed when a function or sourced script | |
160 | returns (not inherited child processes; inherited by command substitution | |
161 | if function tracing is enabled and the debugger is active). | |
162 | ||
163 | l. New invocation option: --debugger. Enables debugging and turns on new | |
164 | `extdebug' shell option. | |
165 | ||
166 | m. New `functrace' and `errtrace' options to `set -o' cause DEBUG and ERR | |
167 | traps, respectively, to be inherited by shell functions. Equivalent to | |
168 | `set -T' and `set -E' respectively. The `functrace' option also controls | |
169 | whether or not the DEBUG trap is inherited by sourced scripts. | |
170 | ||
171 | n. The DEBUG trap is run before binding the variable and running the action | |
172 | list in a `for' command, binding the selection variable and running the | |
173 | query in a `select' command, and before attempting a match in a `case' | |
174 | command. | |
175 | ||
176 | o. New `--enable-debugger' option to `configure' to compile in the debugger | |
177 | support code. | |
178 | ||
179 | p. `declare -F' now prints out extra line number and source file information | |
180 | if the `extdebug' option is set. | |
181 | ||
182 | q. If `extdebug' is enabled, a non-zero return value from a DEBUG trap causes | |
183 | the next command to be skipped, and a return value of 2 while in a | |
184 | function or sourced script forces a `return'. | |
185 | ||
186 | r. New `caller' builtin to provide a call stack for the bash debugger. | |
187 | ||
188 | s. The DEBUG trap is run just before the first command in a function body is | |
189 | executed, for the debugger. | |
190 | ||
191 | t. `for', `select', and `case' command heads are printed when `set -x' is | |
192 | enabled. | |
193 | ||
194 | u. There is a new {x..y} brace expansion, which is shorthand for {x.x+1, | |
195 | x+2,...,y}. x and y can be integers or single characters; the sequence | |
196 | may ascend or descend; the increment is always 1. | |
197 | ||
198 | v. New ksh93-like ${!array[@]} expansion, expands to all the keys (indices) | |
199 | of array. | |
200 | ||
201 | w. New `force_fignore' shopt option; if enabled, suffixes specified by | |
202 | FIGNORE cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even | |
203 | if they're the only possibilities. | |
204 | ||
205 | x. New `gnu_errfmt' shopt option; if enabled, error messages follow the `gnu | |
206 | style' (filename:lineno:message) format. | |
207 | ||
208 | y. New `-o bashdefault' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes the | |
209 | whole set of bash completions to be performed if the compspec doesn't | |
210 | result in a match. | |
211 | ||
212 | z. New `-o plusdirs' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes directory | |
213 | name completion to be performed and the results added to the rest of the | |
214 | possible completions. | |
215 | ||
216 | aa. `kill' is available as a builtin even when the shell is built without | |
217 | job control. | |
218 | ||
219 | bb. New HISTTIMEFORMAT variable; value is a format string to pass to | |
220 | strftime(3). If set and not null, the `history' builtin prints out | |
221 | timestamp information according to the specified format when displaying | |
222 | history entries. If set, bash tells the history library to write out | |
223 | timestamp information when the history file is written. | |
224 | ||
225 | cc. The [[ ... ]] command has a new binary `=~' operator that performs | |
226 | extended regular expression (egrep-like) matching. | |
227 | ||
228 | dd. `configure' has a new `--enable-cond-regexp' option (enabled by default) | |
229 | to enable the =~ operator and regexp matching in [[ ... ]]. | |
230 | ||
231 | ee. Subexpressions matched by the =~ operator are placed in the new | |
232 | BASH_REMATCH array variable. | |
233 | ||
234 | ff. New `failglob' option that causes an expansion error when pathname | |
235 | expansion fails to produce a match. | |
236 | ||
237 | gg. New `set -o pipefail' option that causes a pipeline to return a failure | |
238 | status if any of the processes in the pipeline fail, not just the last | |
239 | one. | |
240 | ||
113d85a4 | 241 | hh. printf builtin understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?. |
545f34cf | 242 | |
113d85a4 | 243 | ii. `echo -e' understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?. |
545f34cf | 244 | |
113d85a4 CR |
245 | jj. The GNU `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated; the shell's |
246 | messages can be translated into different languages. | |
247 | ||
248 | kk. The `\W' prompt expansion now abbreviates $HOME as `~', like `\w'. | |
249 | ||
250 | ll. The error message printed when bash cannot open a shell script supplied | |
251 | as argument 1 now includes the name of the shell, to better identify | |
252 | the error as coming from bash. | |
545f34cf | 253 | |
56299fa5 | 254 | mm. The parameter pattern removal and substitution expansions are now much |
5565fb1a CR |
255 | faster and more efficient when using multibyte characters. |
256 | ||
56299fa5 | 257 | nn. The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation |
f085a21f CR |
258 | even if job control is not enabled. |
259 | ||
56299fa5 | 260 | oo. The historical behavior of `trap' that allows a missing `action' argument |
61deeb13 CR |
261 | to cause each specified signal's handling to be reset to its default is |
262 | now only supported when `trap' is given a single non-option argument. | |
263 | ||
d3a24ed2 CR |
264 | 2. New Features in Readline |
265 | ||
266 | a. History expansion has a new `a' modifier equivalent to the `g' modifier | |
267 | for compatibility with the BSD csh. | |
268 | ||
269 | b. History expansion has a new `G' modifier equivalent to the BSD csh `g' | |
270 | modifier, which performs a substitution once per word. | |
271 | ||
272 | c. All non-incremental search operations may now undo the operation of | |
273 | replacing the current line with the history line. | |
274 | ||
275 | d. The text inserted by an `a' command in vi mode can be reinserted with | |
276 | `.'. | |
277 | ||
278 | e. New bindable variable, `show-all-if-unmodified'. If set, the readline | |
279 | completer will list possible completions immediately if there is more | |
280 | than one completion and partial completion cannot be performed. | |
281 | ||
282 | f. There is a new application-callable `free_history_entry()' function. | |
283 | ||
284 | g. History list entries now contain timestamp information; the history file | |
285 | functions know how to read and write timestamp information associated | |
286 | with each entry. | |
287 | ||
288 | h. Four new key binding functions have been added: | |
289 | ||
290 | rl_bind_key_if_unbound() | |
291 | rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map() | |
292 | rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound() | |
293 | rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map() | |
294 | ||
545f34cf CR |
295 | i. New application variable, rl_completion_quote_character, set to any |
296 | quote character readline finds before it calls the application completion | |
297 | function. | |
298 | ||
299 | j. New application variable, rl_completion_suppress_quote, settable by an | |
300 | application completion function. If set to non-zero, readline does not | |
301 | attempt to append a closing quote to a completed word. | |
302 | ||
303 | k. New application variable, rl_completion_found_quote, set to a non-zero | |
304 | value if readline determines that the word to be completed is quoted. | |
305 | Set before readline calls any application completion function. | |
306 | ||
113d85a4 CR |
307 | l. New function hook, rl_completion_word_break_hook, called when readline |
308 | needs to break a line into words when completion is attempted. Allows | |
309 | the word break characters to vary based on position in the line. | |
310 | ||
311 | m. New bindable command: unix-filename-rubout. Does the same thing as | |
312 | unix-word-rubout, but adds `/' to the set of word delimiters. | |
313 | ||
56299fa5 CR |
314 | n. When listing completions, directories have a `/' appended if the |
315 | `mark-directories' option has been enabled. | |
316 | ||
d3a24ed2 | 317 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
7117c2d2 JA |
318 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.05b since |
319 | the release of bash-2.05a. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
320 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
321 | ||
322 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
323 | ||
324 | a. If set, TMOUT is the default timeout for the `read' builtin. | |
325 | ||
326 | b. `type' has two new options: `-f' suppresses shell function lookup, and | |
327 | `-P' forces a $PATH search. | |
328 | ||
329 | c. New code to handle multibyte characters. | |
330 | ||
331 | d. `select' was changed to be more ksh-compatible, in that the menu is | |
332 | reprinted each time through the loop only if REPLY is set to NULL. | |
333 | The previous behavior is available as a compile-time option. | |
334 | ||
335 | e. `complete -d' and `complete -o dirnames' now force a slash to be | |
336 | appended to names which are symlinks to directories. | |
337 | ||
338 | f. There is now a bindable edit-and-execute-command readline command, | |
339 | like the vi-mode `v' command, bound to C-xC-e in emacs mode. | |
340 | ||
341 | g. Added support for ksh93-like [:word:] character class in pattern matching. | |
342 | ||
343 | h. The $'...' quoting construct now expands \cX to Control-X. | |
344 | ||
345 | i. A new \D{...} prompt expansion; passes the `...' to strftime and inserts | |
346 | the result into the expanded prompt. | |
347 | ||
348 | j. The shell now performs arithmetic in the largest integer size the | |
349 | machine supports (intmax_t), instead of long. | |
350 | ||
351 | k. If a numeric argument is supplied to one of the bash globbing completion | |
352 | functions, a `*' is appended to the word before expansion is attempted. | |
353 | ||
354 | l. The bash globbing completion functions now allow completions to be listed | |
355 | with double tabs or if `show-all-if-ambiguous' is set. | |
356 | ||
357 | m. New `-o nospace' option for `complete' and `compgen' builtins; suppresses | |
358 | readline's appending a space to the completed word. | |
359 | ||
360 | n. New `here-string' redirection operator: <<< word. | |
361 | ||
362 | o. When displaying variables, function attributes and definitions are shown | |
363 | separately, allowing them to be re-used as input (attempting to re-use | |
364 | the old output would result in syntax errors). | |
365 | ||
366 | p. There is a new configuration option `--enable-mem-scramble', controls | |
367 | bash malloc behavior of writing garbage characters into memory at | |
368 | allocation and free time. | |
369 | ||
370 | q. The `complete' and `compgen' builtins now have a new `-s/-A service' | |
371 | option to complete on names from /etc/services. | |
372 | ||
373 | r. `read' has a new `-u fd' option to read from a specified file descriptor. | |
374 | ||
375 | s. Fix the completion code so that expansion errors in a directory name | |
376 | don't cause a longjmp back to the command loop. | |
377 | ||
378 | t. Fixed word completion inside command substitution to work a little more | |
379 | intuitively. | |
380 | ||
381 | u. The `printf' %q format specifier now uses $'...' quoting to print the | |
382 | argument if it contains non-printing characters. | |
383 | ||
384 | v. The `declare' and `typeset' builtins have a new `-t' option. When applied | |
385 | to functions, it causes the DEBUG trap to be inherited by the named | |
386 | function. Currently has no effect on variables. | |
387 | ||
388 | w. The DEBUG trap is now run *before* simple commands, ((...)) commands, | |
389 | [[...]] conditional commands, and for ((...)) loops. | |
390 | ||
391 | x. The expansion of $LINENO inside a shell function is only relative to the | |
392 | function start if the shell is interactive -- if the shell is running a | |
393 | script, $LINENO expands to the line number in the script. This is as | |
394 | POSIX-2001 requires. | |
395 | ||
396 | y. The bash debugger in examples/bashdb has been modified to work with the | |
397 | new DEBUG trap semantics, the command set has been made more gdb-like, | |
398 | and the changes to $LINENO make debugging functions work better. Code | |
399 | from Gary Vaughan. | |
400 | ||
401 | z. New [n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections from ksh93 -- move fds (dup | |
402 | and close). | |
403 | ||
404 | aa. There is a new `-l' invocation option, equivalent to `--login'. | |
405 | ||
406 | bb. The `hash' builtin has a new `-l' option to list contents in a reusable | |
407 | format, and a `-d' option to remove a name from the hash table. | |
408 | ||
409 | cc. There is now support for placing the long help text into separate files | |
410 | installed into ${datadir}/bash. Not enabled by default; can be turned | |
411 | on with `--enable-separate-helpfiles' option to configure. | |
412 | ||
413 | dd. All builtins that take operands accept a `--' pseudo-option, except | |
414 | `echo'. | |
415 | ||
416 | ee. The `echo' builtin now accepts \0xxx (zero to three octal digits following | |
417 | the `0') in addition to \xxx (one to three octal digits) for SUSv3/XPG6/ | |
418 | POSIX.1-2001 compliance. | |
419 | ||
420 | ||
421 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
422 | ||
423 | a. Support for key `subsequences': allows, e.g., ESC and ESC-a to both | |
424 | be bound to readline functions. Now the arrow keys may be used in vi | |
425 | insert mode. | |
426 | ||
427 | b. When listing completions, and the number of lines displayed is more than | |
428 | the screen length, readline uses an internal pager to display the results. | |
429 | This is controlled by the `page-completions' variable (default on). | |
430 | ||
431 | c. New code to handle editing and displaying multibyte characters. | |
432 | ||
433 | d. The behavior introduced in bash-2.05a of deciding whether or not to | |
434 | append a slash to a completed name that is a symlink to a directory has | |
435 | been made optional, controlled by the `mark-symlinked-directories' | |
436 | variable (default is the 2.05a behavior). | |
437 | ||
438 | e. The `insert-comment' command now acts as a toggle if given a numeric | |
439 | argument: if the first characters on the line don't specify a | |
440 | comment, insert one; if they do, delete the comment text | |
441 | ||
442 | f. New application-settable completion variable: | |
443 | rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs, allows an application's completion | |
444 | function to temporarily override the user's preference for appending | |
445 | slashes to names which are symlinks to directories. | |
446 | ||
447 | g. New function available to application completion functions: | |
448 | rl_completion_mode, to tell how the completion function was invoked | |
449 | and decide which argument to supply to rl_complete_internal (to list | |
450 | completions, etc.). | |
451 | ||
452 | h. Readline now has an overwrite mode, toggled by the `overwrite-mode' | |
453 | bindable command, which could be bound to `Insert'. | |
454 | ||
455 | i. New application-settable completion variable: | |
456 | rl_completion_suppress_append, inhibits appending of | |
457 | rl_completion_append_character to completed words. | |
458 | ||
459 | j. New key bindings when reading an incremental search string: ^W yanks | |
460 | the currently-matched word out of the current line into the search | |
461 | string; ^Y yanks the rest of the current line into the search string, | |
462 | DEL or ^H deletes characters from the search string. | |
463 | ||
464 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
f73dda09 JA |
465 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.05a since |
466 | the release of bash-2.05. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
467 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
468 | ||
469 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
470 | ||
471 | a. Added support for DESTDIR installation root prefix, so you can do a | |
472 | `make install DESTDIR=bash-root' and do easier binary packaging. | |
473 | ||
474 | b. Added support for builtin printf "'" flag character as per latest POSIX | |
475 | drafts. | |
476 | ||
477 | c. Support for POSIX.2 printf(1) length specifiers `j', `t', and `z' (from | |
478 | ISO C99). | |
479 | ||
480 | d. New autoconf macro, RL_LIB_READLINE_VERSION, for use by other applications | |
481 | (bash doesn't use very much of what it returns). | |
482 | ||
483 | e. `set [-+]o nolog' is recognized as required by the latest POSIX drafts, | |
484 | but ignored. | |
485 | ||
486 | f. New read-only `shopt' option: login_shell. Set to non-zero value if the | |
487 | shell is a login shell. | |
488 | ||
489 | g. New `\A' prompt string escape sequence; expands to time in 24 HH:MM format. | |
490 | ||
491 | h. New `-A group/-g' option to complete and compgen; does group name | |
492 | completion. | |
493 | ||
494 | i. New `-t' option to `hash' to list hash values for each filename argument. | |
495 | ||
496 | j. New [-+]O invocation option to set and unset `shopt' options at startup. | |
497 | ||
498 | k. configure's `--with-installed-readline' option now takes an optional | |
499 | `=PATH' suffix to set the root of the tree where readline is installed | |
500 | to PATH. | |
501 | ||
502 | l. The ksh-like `ERR' trap has been added. The `ERR' trap will be run | |
503 | whenever the shell would have exited if the -e option were enabled. | |
504 | It is not inherited by shell functions. | |
505 | ||
506 | m. `readonly', `export', and `declare' now print variables which have been | |
507 | given attributes but not set by assigning a value as just a command and | |
508 | a variable name (like `export foo') when listing, as the latest POSIX | |
509 | drafts require. | |
510 | ||
511 | n. `bashbug' now requires that the subject be changed from the default. | |
512 | ||
513 | o. configure has a new `--enable-largefile' option, like other GNU utilities. | |
514 | ||
515 | p. `for' loops now allow empty word lists after `in', like the latest POSIX | |
516 | drafts require. | |
517 | ||
518 | q. The builtin `ulimit' now takes two new non-numeric arguments: `hard', | |
519 | meaning the current hard limit, and `soft', meaning the current soft | |
520 | limit, in addition to `unlimited' | |
521 | ||
522 | r. `ulimit' now prints the option letter associated with a particular | |
523 | resource when printing more than one limit. | |
524 | ||
525 | s. `ulimit' prints `hard' or `soft' when a value is not `unlimited' but is | |
526 | one of RLIM_SAVED_MAX or RLIM_SAVED_CUR, respectively. | |
527 | ||
528 | t. The `printf' builtin now handles the %a and %A conversions if they're | |
529 | implemented by printf(3). | |
530 | ||
531 | u. The `printf' builtin now handles the %F conversion (just about like %f). | |
532 | ||
533 | v. The `printf' builtin now handles the %n conversion like printf(3). The | |
534 | corresponding argument is the name of a shell variable to which the | |
535 | value is assigned. | |
536 | ||
537 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
538 | ||
539 | a. Added extern declaration for rl_get_termcap to readline.h, making it a | |
540 | public function (it was always there, just not in readline.h). | |
541 | ||
542 | b. New #defines in readline.h: RL_READLINE_VERSION, currently 0x0402, | |
543 | RL_VERSION_MAJOR, currently 4, and RL_VERSION_MINOR, currently 2. | |
544 | ||
545 | c. New readline variable: rl_readline_version, mirrors RL_READLINE_VERSION. | |
546 | ||
547 | d. New bindable boolean readline variable: match-hidden-files. Controls | |
548 | completion of files beginning with a `.' (on Unix). Enabled by default. | |
549 | ||
550 | e. The history expansion code now allows any character to terminate a | |
551 | `:first-' modifier, like csh. | |
552 | ||
553 | f. New bindable variable `history-preserve-point'. If set, the history | |
554 | code attempts to place the user at the same location on each history | |
555 | line retrived with previous-history or next-history. | |
556 | ||
557 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
28ef6c31 JA |
558 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.05 since |
559 | the release of bash-2.04. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
560 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
561 | ||
562 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
563 | ||
564 | a. Added a new `--init-file' invocation argument as a synonym for `--rcfile', | |
565 | per the new GNU coding standards. | |
566 | ||
567 | b. The /dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections now accept service names as well as | |
568 | port numbers. | |
569 | ||
570 | c. `complete' and `compgen' now take a `-o value' option, which controls some | |
571 | of the aspects of that compspec. Valid values are: | |
572 | ||
573 | default - perform bash default completion if programmable | |
574 | completion produces no matches | |
575 | dirnames - perform directory name completion if programmable | |
576 | completion produces no matches | |
577 | filenames - tell readline that the compspec produces filenames, | |
578 | so it can do things like append slashes to | |
579 | directory names and suppress trailing spaces | |
580 | ||
581 | d. A new loadable builtin, realpath, which canonicalizes and expands symlinks | |
582 | in pathname arguments. | |
583 | ||
584 | e. When `set' is called without options, it prints function defintions in a | |
585 | way that allows them to be reused as input. This affects `declare' and | |
586 | `declare -p' as well. This only happens when the shell is not in POSIX | |
587 | mode, since POSIX.2 forbids this behavior. | |
588 | ||
589 | f. Bash-2.05 once again honors the current locale setting when processing | |
590 | ranges within pattern matching bracket expressions (e.g., [A-Z]). | |
591 | ||
592 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
593 | ||
594 | a. The blink timeout for paren matching is now settable by applications, | |
595 | via the rl_set_paren_blink_timeout() function. | |
596 | ||
597 | b. _rl_executing_macro has been renamed to rl_executing_macro, which means | |
598 | it's now part of the public interface. | |
599 | ||
600 | c. Readline has a new variable, rl_readline_state, which is a bitmap that | |
601 | encapsulates the current state of the library; intended for use by | |
602 | callbacks and hook functions. | |
603 | ||
604 | d. New application-callable function rl_set_prompt(const char *prompt): | |
605 | expands its prompt string argument and sets rl_prompt to the result. | |
606 | ||
607 | e. New application-callable function rl_set_screen_size(int rows, int cols): | |
608 | public method for applications to set readline's idea of the screen | |
609 | dimensions. | |
610 | ||
611 | f. New function, rl_get_screen_size (int *rows, int *columns), returns | |
612 | readline's idea of the screen dimensions. | |
613 | ||
614 | g. The timeout in rl_gather_tyi (readline keyboard input polling function) | |
615 | is now settable via a function (rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout()). | |
616 | ||
617 | h. Renamed the max_input_history variable to history_max_entries; the old | |
618 | variable is maintained for backwards compatibility. | |
619 | ||
620 | i. The list of characters that separate words for the history tokenizer is | |
621 | now settable with a variable: history_word_delimiters. The default | |
622 | value is as before. | |
623 | ||
624 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
bb70624e JA |
625 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.04 since |
626 | the release of bash-2.03. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
627 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
628 | ||
629 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
630 | ||
631 | a. The history builtin has a `-d offset' option to delete the history entry | |
632 | at position `offset'. | |
633 | ||
634 | b. The prompt expansion code has two new escape sequences: \j, the number of | |
635 | active jobs; and \l, the basename of the shell's tty device name. | |
636 | ||
637 | c. The `bind' builtin has a new `-x' option to bind key sequences to shell | |
638 | commands. | |
639 | ||
640 | d. There is a new shell option, no_empty_command_completion, which, when | |
641 | enabled, disables command completion when TAB is typed on an empty line. | |
642 | ||
643 | e. The `help' builtin has a `-s' option to just print a builtin's usage | |
644 | synopsis. | |
645 | ||
646 | f. There are several new arithmetic operators: id++, id-- (variable | |
f73dda09 | 647 | post-increment/decrement), ++id, --id (variable pre-increment/decrement), |
bb70624e JA |
648 | expr1 , expr2 (comma operator). |
649 | ||
650 | g. There is a new ksh-93 style arithmetic for command: | |
651 | for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done | |
652 | ||
653 | h. The `read' builtin has a number of new options: | |
654 | -t timeout only wait timeout seconds for input | |
655 | -n nchars only read nchars from input instead of a full line | |
656 | -d delim read until delim rather than newline | |
657 | -s don't echo input chars as they are read | |
658 | ||
659 | i. The redirection code now handles several filenames specially: | |
660 | /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, and /dev/stderr, whether or | |
661 | not they are present in the file system. | |
662 | ||
663 | j. The redirection code now recognizes pathnames of the form | |
664 | /dev/tcp/host/port and /dev/udp/host/port, and tries to open a socket | |
665 | of the appropriate type to the specified port on the specified host. | |
666 | ||
667 | k. The ksh-93 ${!prefix*} expansion, which expands to the names of all | |
668 | shell variables with prefix PREFIX, has been implemented. | |
669 | ||
670 | l. There is a new dynamic variable, FUNCNAME, which expands to the name of | |
671 | a currently-executing function. Assignments to FUNCNAME have no effect. | |
672 | ||
673 | m. The GROUPS variable is no longer readonly; assignments to it are silently | |
674 | discarded. This means it can be unset. | |
675 | ||
676 | n. A new programmable completion facility, with two new builtin commands: | |
677 | complete and compgen. | |
678 | ||
679 | o. configure has a new option, `--enable-progcomp', to compile in the | |
680 | programmable completion features (enabled by default). | |
681 | ||
682 | p. `shopt' has a new option, `progcomp', to enable and disable programmable | |
683 | completion at runtime. | |
684 | ||
685 | q. Unsetting HOSTFILE now clears the list of hostnames used for completion. | |
686 | ||
687 | r. configure has a new option, `--enable-bash-malloc', replacing the old | |
688 | `--with-gnu-malloc' (which is still present for backwards compatibility). | |
689 | ||
690 | s. There is a new manual page describing rbash, the restricted shell. | |
691 | ||
692 | t. `bashbug' has new `--help' and `--version' options. | |
693 | ||
694 | u. `shopt' has a new `xpg_echo' option, which controls the behavior of | |
695 | `echo' with respect to backslash-escaped characters at runtime. | |
696 | ||
697 | v. If NON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS is defined, all login shells read the | |
698 | startup files, even if they are not interactive. | |
699 | ||
700 | w. The LC_NUMERIC variable is now treated specially, and used to set the | |
701 | LC_NUMERIC locale category for number formatting, e.g., when `printf' | |
702 | displays floating-point numbers. | |
703 | ||
704 | 2. New features in Readline | |
705 | ||
706 | a. Parentheses matching is now always compiled into readline, and enabled | |
707 | or disabled when the value of the `blink-matching-paren' variable is | |
708 | changed. | |
709 | ||
710 | b. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_inputrc as the last-ditch inputrc filename. | |
711 | ||
712 | c. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_history as the default history file. | |
713 | ||
714 | d. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the point at the end of the | |
715 | line when the string to search for is empty, like | |
716 | {reverse,forward}-search-history. | |
717 | ||
718 | e. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the last history line found | |
719 | in the readline buffer if the second or subsequent search fails. | |
720 | ||
721 | f. New function for use by applications: rl_on_new_line_with_prompt, used | |
722 | when an application displays the prompt itself before calling readline(). | |
723 | ||
724 | g. New variable for use by applications: rl_already_prompted. An application | |
725 | that displays the prompt itself before calling readline() must set this to | |
726 | a non-zero value. | |
727 | ||
728 | h. A new variable, rl_gnu_readline_p, always 1. The intent is that an | |
729 | application can verify whether or not it is linked with the `real' | |
730 | readline library or some substitute. | |
731 | ||
732 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
b72432fd JA |
733 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.03 since |
734 | the release of bash-2.02. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
735 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
736 | ||
737 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
738 | ||
739 | a. New `shopt' option, `restricted_shell', indicating whether or not the | |
740 | shell was started in restricted mode, for use in startup files. | |
741 | ||
742 | b. Filename generation is now performed on the words between ( and ) in | |
743 | array assignments (which it probably should have done all along). | |
744 | ||
745 | c. OLDPWD is now auto-exported, as POSIX.2 seems to require. | |
746 | ||
747 | d. ENV and BASH_ENV are read-only variables in a restricted shell. | |
748 | ||
749 | e. A change was made to the startup file code so that any shell begun with | |
750 | the `--login' option, even non-interactive shells, will source the login | |
751 | shell startup files. | |
752 | ||
753 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
754 | ||
755 | a. Many changes to the signal handling: | |
756 | o Readline now catches SIGQUIT and cleans up the tty before returning; | |
757 | o A new variable, rl_catch_signals, is available to application writers | |
758 | to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its own | |
759 | signal handlers for SIGINT, SIGTERM, SIGQUIT, SIGALRM, SIGTSTP, | |
760 | SIGTTIN, and SIGTTOU; | |
761 | o A new variable, rl_catch_sigwinch, is available to application | |
762 | writers to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its | |
763 | own signal handler for SIGWINCH, which will chain to the calling | |
764 | applications's SIGWINCH handler, if one is installed; | |
765 | o There is a new function, rl_free_line_state, for application signal | |
766 | handlers to call to free up the state associated with the current | |
767 | line after receiving a signal; | |
768 | o There is a new function, rl_cleanup_after_signal, to clean up the | |
769 | display and terminal state after receiving a signal; | |
770 | o There is a new function, rl_reset_after_signal, to reinitialize the | |
771 | terminal and display state after an application signal handler | |
772 | returns and readline continues | |
773 | ||
774 | b. There is a new function, rl_resize_terminal, to reset readline's idea of | |
775 | the screen size after a SIGWINCH. | |
776 | ||
777 | c. New public functions: rl_save_prompt and rl_restore_prompt. These were | |
778 | previously private functions with a `_' prefix. | |
779 | ||
780 | d. New function hook: rl_pre_input_hook, called just before readline starts | |
781 | reading input, after initialization. | |
782 | ||
783 | e. New function hook: rl_display_matches_hook, called when readline would | |
784 | display the list of completion matches. The new function | |
785 | rl_display_match_list is what readline uses internally, and is available | |
786 | for use by application functions called via this hook. | |
787 | ||
788 | f. New bindable function, delete-char-or-list, like tcsh. | |
789 | ||
790 | g. A new variable, rl_erase_empty_line, which, if set by an application using | |
791 | readline, will cause readline to erase, prompt and all, lines on which the | |
792 | only thing typed was a newline. | |
793 | ||
794 | h. New bindable variable: `isearch-terminators'. | |
795 | ||
796 | i. New bindable function: `forward-backward-delete-char' (unbound by default). | |
797 | ||
798 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
cce855bc JA |
799 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.02 since |
800 | the release of bash-2.01.1. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
801 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
802 | ||
803 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
804 | ||
805 | a. A new version of malloc, based on the older GNU malloc, that has many | |
806 | changes, is more page-based, is more conservative with memory usage, | |
807 | and does not `orphan' large blocks when they are freed. | |
808 | ||
809 | b. A new version of gmalloc, based on the old GLIBC malloc, with many | |
810 | changes and range checking included by default. | |
811 | ||
812 | c. A new implementation of fnmatch(3) that includes full POSIX.2 Basic | |
813 | Regular Expression matching, including character classes, collating | |
814 | symbols, equivalence classes, and support for case-insensitive pattern | |
815 | matching. | |
816 | ||
817 | d. ksh-88 egrep-style extended pattern matching ([@+*?!](patlist)) has been | |
818 | implemented, controlled by a new `shopt' option, `extglob'. | |
819 | ||
820 | e. There is a new ksh-like `[[' compound command, which implements | |
821 | extended `test' functionality. | |
822 | ||
823 | f. There is a new `printf' builtin, implemented according to the POSIX.2 | |
824 | specification. | |
825 | ||
826 | g. There is a new feature for command substitution: $(< filename) now expands | |
827 | to the contents of `filename', with any trailing newlines removed | |
828 | (equivalent to $(cat filename)). | |
829 | ||
830 | h. There are new tilde prefixes which expand to directories from the | |
831 | directory stack. | |
832 | ||
833 | i. There is a new `**' arithmetic operator to do exponentiation. | |
834 | ||
835 | j. There are new configuration options to control how bash is linked: | |
836 | `--enable-profiling', to allow bash to be profiled with gprof, and | |
837 | `--enable-static-link', to allow bash to be linked statically. | |
838 | ||
839 | k. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-cond-command', which | |
840 | controls whether or not the `[[' command is included. It is on by | |
841 | default. | |
842 | ||
843 | l. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-extended-glob', which | |
844 | controls whether or not the ksh extended globbing feature is included. | |
845 | It is enabled by default. | |
846 | ||
847 | m. There is a new configuration #define in config.h.top that, when enabled, | |
848 | will cause all login shells to source /etc/profile and one of the user- | |
849 | specific login shell startup files, whether or not the shell is | |
850 | interactive. | |
851 | ||
852 | n. There is a new invocation option, `--dump-po-strings', to dump | |
853 | a shell script's translatable strings ($"...") in GNU `po' format. | |
854 | ||
855 | o. There is a new `shopt' option, `nocaseglob', to enable case-insensitive | |
856 | pattern matching when globbing filenames and using the `case' construct. | |
857 | ||
858 | p. There is a new `shopt' option, `huponexit', which, when enabled, causes | |
859 | the shell to send SIGHUP to all jobs when an interactive login shell | |
860 | exits. | |
861 | ||
862 | q. `bind' has a new `-u' option, which takes a readline function name as an | |
863 | argument and unbinds all key sequences bound to that function in a | |
864 | specified keymap. | |
865 | ||
866 | r. `disown' now has `-a' and `-r' options, to limit operation to all jobs | |
867 | and running jobs, respectively. | |
868 | ||
869 | s. The `shopt' `-p' option now causes output to be displayed in a reusable | |
870 | format. | |
871 | ||
872 | t. `test' has a new `-N' option, which returns true if the filename argument | |
873 | has been modified since it was last accessed. | |
874 | ||
875 | u. `umask' now has a `-p' option to print output in a reusable format. | |
876 | ||
877 | v. A new escape sequence, `\xNNN', has been added to the `echo -e' and $'...' | |
878 | translation code. It expands to the character whose ascii code is NNN | |
879 | in hexadecimal. | |
880 | ||
881 | w. The prompt string expansion code has a new `\r' escape sequence. | |
882 | ||
883 | x. The shell may now be cross-compiled for the CYGWIN32 environment on | |
884 | a Unix machine. | |
885 | ||
886 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
887 | ||
888 | a. There is now an option for `iterative' yank-last-arg handline, so a user | |
889 | can keep entering `M-.', yanking the last argument of successive history | |
890 | lines. | |
891 | ||
892 | b. New variable, `print-completions-horizontally', which causes completion | |
893 | matches to be displayed across the screen (like `ls -x') rather than up | |
894 | and down the screen (like `ls'). | |
895 | ||
896 | c. New variable, `completion-ignore-case', which causes filename completion | |
897 | and matching to be performed case-insensitively. | |
898 | ||
899 | d. There is a new bindable command, `magic-space', which causes history | |
900 | expansion to be performed on the current readline buffer and a space to | |
901 | be inserted into the result. | |
902 | ||
903 | e. There is a new bindable command, `menu-complete', which enables tcsh-like | |
904 | menu completion (successive executions of menu-complete insert a single | |
905 | completion match, cycling through the list of possible completions). | |
906 | ||
907 | f. There is a new bindable command, `paste-from-clipboard', for use on Win32 | |
908 | systems, to insert the text from the Win32 clipboard into the editing | |
909 | buffer. | |
910 | ||
911 | g. The key sequence translation code now understands printf-style backslash | |
912 | escape sequences, including \NNN octal escapes. These escape sequences | |
913 | may be used in key sequence definitions or macro values. | |
914 | ||
915 | h. An `$include' inputrc file parser directive has been added. | |
916 | ||
917 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
d166f048 JA |
918 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.01 since |
919 | the release of bash-2.0. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is the | |
920 | place to look for complete descriptions. | |
921 | ||
922 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
923 | ||
924 | a. There is a new builtin array variable: GROUPS, the set of groups to which | |
925 | the user belongs. This is used by the test suite. | |
926 | ||
927 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
928 | ||
929 | a. If a key sequence bound to `universal-argument' is read while reading a | |
930 | numeric argument started with `universal-argument', it terminates the | |
931 | argument but is otherwise ignored. This provides a way to insert multiple | |
932 | instances of a digit string, and is how GNU emacs does it. | |
933 | ||
934 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
ccc6cda3 JA |
935 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.0 since |
936 | the release of bash-1.14.7. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
937 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
726f6388 | 938 | |
ccc6cda3 | 939 | 1. New Features in Bash |
726f6388 | 940 | |
ccc6cda3 JA |
941 | a. There is a new invocation option, -D, that dumps translatable strings |
942 | in a script. | |
726f6388 | 943 | |
ccc6cda3 JA |
944 | b. The `long' invocation options must now be prefixed with `--'. |
945 | ||
946 | c. New long invocation options: --dump-strings, --help, --verbose | |
947 | ||
948 | d. The `nolineediting' invocation option was renamed to `noediting'. | |
949 | ||
950 | e. The `nobraceexpansion' and `quiet' long invocation options were removed. | |
951 | ||
952 | f. The `--help' and `--version' long options now work as the GNU coding | |
953 | standards specify. | |
954 | ||
955 | g. If invoked as `sh', bash now enters posix mode after reading the | |
956 | startup files, and reads and executes commands from the file named | |
957 | by $ENV if interactive (as POSIX.2 specifies). A login shell invoked | |
958 | as `sh' reads $ENV after /etc/profile and ~/.profile. | |
959 | ||
960 | h. There is a new reserved word, `time', for timing pipelines, builtin | |
961 | commands, and shell functions. It uses the value of the TIMEFORMAT | |
962 | variable as a format string describing how to print the timing | |
963 | statistics. | |
964 | ||
965 | i. The $'...' quoting syntax expands ANSI-C escapes in ... and leaves the | |
966 | result single-quoted. | |
967 | ||
968 | j. The $"..." quoting syntax performs locale-specific translation of ... | |
969 | and leaves the result double-quoted. | |
970 | ||
971 | k. LINENO now works correctly in functions. | |
972 | ||
973 | l. New variables: DIRSTACK, PIPESTATUS, BASH_VERSINFO, HOSTNAME, SHELLOPTS, | |
974 | MACHTYPE. The first three are array variables. | |
975 | ||
976 | m. The BASH_VERSION and BASH_VERSINFO variables now include the shell's | |
977 | `release status' (alpha[N], beta[N], release). | |
978 | ||
979 | n. Some variables have been removed: MAIL_WARNING, notify, history_control, | |
980 | command_oriented_history, glob_dot_filenames, allow_null_glob_expansion, | |
981 | nolinks, hostname_completion_file, noclobber, no_exit_on_failed_exec, and | |
982 | cdable_vars. Most of them are now implemented with the new `shopt' | |
983 | builtin; others were already implemented by `set'. | |
984 | ||
985 | o. Bash now uses some new variables: LC_ALL, LC_MESSAGES, LC_CTYPE, | |
986 | LC_COLLATE, LANG, GLOBIGNORE, HISTIGNORE. | |
987 | ||
988 | p. The shell now supports integer-indexed arrays of unlimited length, | |
989 | with a new compound assignment syntax and changes to the appropriate | |
990 | builtin commands (declare/typeset, read, readonly, etc.). The array | |
991 | index may be an arithmetic expression. | |
992 | ||
993 | q. ${!var}: indirect variable expansion, equivalent to eval \${$var}. | |
994 | ||
995 | r. ${paramter:offset[:length]}: variable substring extraction. | |
996 | ||
997 | s. ${parameter/pattern[/[/]string]}: variable pattern substitution. | |
998 | ||
999 | t. The $[...] arithmetic expansion syntax is no longer supported, in | |
1000 | favor of $((...)). | |
1001 | ||
1002 | u. Aliases can now be expanded in shell scripts with a shell option | |
1003 | (shopt expand_aliases). | |
1004 | ||
1005 | v. History and history expansion can now be used in scripts with | |
1006 | set -o history and set -H. | |
1007 | ||
1008 | w. All builtins now return an exit status of 2 for incorrect usage. | |
1009 | ||
1010 | x. Interactive shells resend SIGHUP to all running or stopped children | |
1011 | if (and only if) they exit due to a SIGHUP. | |
1012 | ||
1013 | y. New prompting expansions: \a, \e, \H, \T, \@, \v, \V. | |
1014 | ||
1015 | z. Variable expansion in prompt strings is now controllable via a shell | |
1016 | option (shopt promptvars). | |
1017 | ||
1018 | aa. Bash now defaults to using command-oriented history. | |
1019 | ||
1020 | bb. The history file ($HISTFILE) is now truncated to $HISTFILESIZE after | |
1021 | being written. | |
1022 | ||
1023 | cc. The POSIX.2 conditional arithmetic evaluation syntax (expr ? expr : expr) | |
1024 | has been implemented. | |
1025 | ||
1026 | dd. Each builtin now accepts `--' to signify the end of the options, except | |
1027 | as documented (echo, etc.). | |
1028 | ||
1029 | ee. All builtins use -p to display values in a re-readable format where | |
1030 | appropriate, except as documented (echo, type, etc.). | |
1031 | ||
1032 | ff. The `alias' builtin has a new -p option. | |
1033 | ||
1034 | gg. Changes to the `bind' builtin: | |
1035 | o has new options: -psPSVr. | |
1036 | o the `-d' option was renamed to `-p' | |
1037 | o the `-v' option now dumps variables; the old `-v' is now `-P' | |
1038 | ||
1039 | hh. The `bye' synonym for `exit' was removed. | |
1040 | ||
1041 | ii. The -L and -P options to `cd' and `pwd' have been documented. | |
1042 | ||
1043 | jj. The `cd' builtin now does spelling correction on the directory name | |
1044 | by default. This is settable with a shell option (shopt cdspell). | |
1045 | ||
1046 | kk. The `declare' builtin has new options: -a, -F, -p. | |
1047 | ||
1048 | ll. The `dirs' builtin has new options: -c, -p, -v. | |
1049 | ||
1050 | mm. The new `disown' builtin removes jobs from the shell's jobs table | |
1051 | or inhibits the resending of SIGHUP when the shell receives a | |
1052 | SIGHUP. | |
1053 | ||
1054 | nn. The `echo' builtin has a new escape character: \e. | |
1055 | ||
1056 | oo. The `enable' builtin can now load new builtins dynamically from shared | |
1057 | objects on systems with the dlopen/dlsym interface. There are a number | |
1058 | of examples in the examples/loadables directory. There are also | |
1059 | new options: -d, -f, -s, -p. | |
1060 | ||
1061 | pp. The `-all' option to `enable' was removed in favor of `-a'. | |
1062 | ||
1063 | qq. The `exec' builtin has new options: -l, -c, -a. | |
1064 | ||
1065 | rr. The `hash' builtin has a new option: -p. | |
1066 | ||
1067 | ss. The `history' builtin has new options: -c, -p, -s. | |
1068 | ||
1069 | tt. The `jobs' builtin has new options: -r, -s. | |
1070 | ||
1071 | uu. The `kill' builtin has new options: -n signum, -l signame. | |
1072 | ||
1073 | vv. The `pushd' and `popd' builtins have a new option: -n. | |
1074 | ||
1075 | ww. The `read' builtin has new options: -p prompt, -e, -a. | |
1076 | ||
1077 | xx. The `readonly' builtin has a new -a option, and the -n option was removed. | |
1078 | ||
1079 | yy. Changes to the `set' builtin: | |
1080 | o new options: -B, -o keyword, -o onecmd, -o history | |
1081 | o options removed: -l, -d, -o nohash | |
1082 | o options changed: +o, -h, -o hashall | |
1083 | o now displays variables in a format that can be re-read as input | |
1084 | ||
1085 | zz. The new `shopt' builtin controls shell optional behavior previously | |
1086 | done by setting and unsetting certain shell variables. | |
1087 | ||
1088 | aaa. The `test' builtin has new operators: -o option, s1 == s2, s1 < s2, | |
1089 | and s1 > s2, where s1 and s2 are strings. | |
1090 | ||
1091 | bbb. There is a new trap, DEBUG, executed after every simple command. | |
1092 | ||
1093 | ccc. The `trap' builtin has a new -p option. | |
1094 | ||
1095 | ddd. The `ulimit' builtin has a new -l option on 4.4BSD-based systems. | |
1096 | ||
1097 | eee. The PS1, PS2, PATH, and IFS variables may now be unset. | |
1098 | ||
1099 | fff. The restricted shell mode has been expanded and is now documented. | |
1100 | ||
1101 | ggg. Security improvements: | |
1102 | o functions are not imported from the environment if running setuid | |
1103 | or with -p | |
1104 | o no startup files are sourced if running setuid or with -p | |
1105 | ||
1106 | hhh. The documentation has been overhauled: the texinfo manual was | |
1107 | expanded, and HTML versions of the man page and texinfo manual | |
1108 | are included. | |
1109 | ||
1110 | iii. Changes to Posix mode: | |
1111 | o Command lookup now finds special builtins before shell functions. | |
1112 | o Failure of a special builtin causes a non-interactive shell to | |
1113 | exit. Failures are defined in the POSIX.2 specification. | |
1114 | o If the `cd' builtin finds a directory to change to using $CDPATH, | |
1115 | the value assigned to PWD when `cd' completes does not contain | |
1116 | any symbolic links. | |
1117 | o A non-interactive shell exits if a variable assignment error | |
1118 | occurs when no command name follows the assignment statements. | |
1119 | o A non-interactive shell exits if the interation variable in a | |
1120 | `for' statement or the selection variable in a `select' statement | |
1121 | is read-only or another variable assignment error occurs. | |
1122 | o The `<>' redirection operator now opens a file for both stdin and | |
1123 | stdout by default, not just when in posix mode. | |
1124 | o Assignment statements preceding special builtins now persist in | |
1125 | the shell's environment when the builtin completes. | |
1126 | ||
1127 | Posix mode is now completely POSIX.2-compliant (modulo bugs). When | |
1128 | invoked as sh, bash should be completely POSIX.2-compliant. | |
1129 | ||
1130 | jjj. The default value of PS1 is now "\s-\v\$ ". | |
1131 | ||
1132 | kkk. The ksh-like ((...)) arithmetic command syntax has been implemented. | |
1133 | This is exactly equivalent to `let "..."'. | |
1134 | ||
1135 | lll. Integer constants have been extended to base 64. | |
1136 | ||
1137 | mmm. The `ulimit' builtin now sets both hard and soft limits and reports the | |
1138 | soft limit by default. | |
1139 | ||
1140 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
1141 | ||
1142 | a. New variables: enable-keypad, input-meta (new name for meta-flag), | |
1143 | mark-directories, visible-stats (now documented), disable-completion, | |
1144 | comment-begin. | |
1145 | ||
1146 | b. New bindable commands: kill-region, copy-region-as-kill, | |
1147 | copy-backward-word, copy-forward-word, set-mark, exchange-point-and-mark, | |
1148 | character-search, character-search-backward, insert-comment, | |
1149 | glob-expand-word, glob-list-expansions, dump-variables, dump-macros. | |
1150 | ||
1151 | c. New emacs keybindings: delete-horizontal-space (M-\), | |
1152 | insert-completions (M-*), possible-completions (M-=). | |
1153 | ||
1154 | d. The history-search-backward and history-search-forward commands were | |
1155 | modified to be the same as previous-line and next-line if point is at | |
1156 | the start of the line. | |
1157 | ||
1158 | e. More file types are available for the visible-stats mode. | |
1159 | ||
1160 | 3. Changes of interest in the Bash implementation | |
1161 | ||
1162 | a. There is a new autoconf-based configuration mechanism. | |
1163 | ||
1164 | b. More things have been moved from Posix mode to standard shell behavior. | |
1165 | ||
1166 | c. The trace output (set -x) now inserts quotes where necessary so it can | |
1167 | be reused as input. | |
1168 | ||
1169 | d. There is a compile-time option for a system-wide interactive shell | |
1170 | startup file (disabled by default). | |
1171 | ||
1172 | e. The YACC grammar is smaller and tighter, and all 66 shift-reduce | |
1173 | conflicts are gone. Several parsing bugs have been fixed. | |
1174 | ||
1175 | f. Builtin option parsing has been regularized (using internal_getopt()), | |
1176 | with the exception of `echo', `type', and `set'. | |
1177 | ||
1178 | g. Builtins now return standard usage messages constructed from the | |
1179 | `short doc' used by the help builtin. | |
1180 | ||
1181 | h. Completion now quotes using backslashes by default, but honors | |
1182 | user-supplied quotes. | |
1183 | ||
1184 | i. The GNU libc malloc is available as a configure-time option. | |
1185 | ||
1186 | j. There are more internationalization features; bash uses gettext if | |
1187 | it is available. The $"..." translation syntax uses the current | |
1188 | locale and gettext. | |
1189 | ||
1190 | k. There is better reporting of job termination when the shell is not | |
1191 | interactive. | |
1192 | ||
1193 | l. The shell is somewhat more efficient: it uses a little less memory and | |
1194 | makes fewer system calls. | |
1195 | ||
1196 | 4. Changes of interest in the Readline implementation | |
1197 | ||
1198 | a. There is now support for readline `callback' functions. | |
1199 | ||
1200 | b. There is now support for user-supplied input, redisplay, and terminal | |
1201 | preparation functions. | |
1202 | ||
1203 | c. Most of the shell-specific code in readline has been generalized or | |
1204 | removed. | |
1205 | ||
1206 | d. Most of the annoying redisplay bugs have been fixed, notably the problems | |
1207 | with incremental search and excessive redrawing when special characters | |
1208 | appear in the prompt string. | |
1209 | ||
1210 | e. There are new library functions and variables available to application | |
1211 | writers, most having to do with completion and quoting. | |
1212 | ||
1213 | f. The NEWLINE character (^J) is now treated as a search terminator by the | |
1214 | incremental search functions. |