src/installer/hw.c

   1 /*#############################################################################
   2 #                                                                             #
   3 # IPFire - An Open Source Firewall Distribution                               #
   4 # Copyright (C) 2014 IPFire development team                                  #
   5 #                                                                             #
   6 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify        #
   7 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by        #
   8 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or           #
   9 # (at your option) any later version.                                         #
  10 #                                                                             #
  11 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,             #
  12 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of              #
  13 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the               #
  14 # GNU General Public License for more details.                                #
  15 #                                                                             #
  16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License           #
  17 # along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.       #
  18 #                                                                             #
  19 #############################################################################*/
  20
  21 #ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
  22 #define _GNU_SOURCE
  23 #endif
  24
  25 #include <assert.h>
  26 #include <blkid/blkid.h>
  27 #include <errno.h>
  28 #include <fcntl.h>
  29 #include <libudev.h>
  30 #include <linux/loop.h>
  31 #include <math.h>
  32 #include <stdio.h>
  33 #include <stdlib.h>
  34 #include <string.h>
  35 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  36 #include <sys/mount.h>
  37 #include <sys/stat.h>
  38 #include <sys/swap.h>
  39 #include <sys/sysinfo.h>
  40 #include <unistd.h>
  41
  42 #include <linux/fs.h>
  43
  44 #include <libsmooth.h>
  45
  46 #include "hw.h"
  47
  48 const char* other_filesystems[] = {
  49         "/dev",
  50         "/proc",
  51         "/sys",
  52         NULL
  53 };
  54
  55 static int system_chroot(const char* output, const char* path, const char* cmd) {
  56         char chroot_cmd[STRING_SIZE];
  57
  58         snprintf(chroot_cmd, sizeof(chroot_cmd), "/usr/sbin/chroot %s %s", path, cmd);
  59
  60         return mysystem(output, chroot_cmd);
  61 }
  62
  63 struct hw* hw_init() {
  64         struct hw* hw = malloc(sizeof(*hw));
  65         assert(hw);
  66
  67         // Initialize libudev
  68         hw->udev = udev_new();
  69         if (!hw->udev) {
  70                 fprintf(stderr, "Could not create udev instance\n");
  71                 exit(1);
  72         }
  73
  74         return hw;
  75 }
  76
  77 void hw_free(struct hw* hw) {
  78         if (hw->udev)
  79                 udev_unref(hw->udev);
  80
  81         free(hw);
  82 }
  83
  84 static int strstartswith(const char* a, const char* b) {
  85         return (strncmp(a, b, strlen(b)) == 0);
  86 }
  87
  88 static char loop_device[STRING_SIZE];
  89
  90 static int setup_loop_device(const char* source, const char* device) {
  91         int file_fd = open(source, O_RDWR);
  92         if (file_fd < 0)
  93                 goto ERROR;
  94
  95         int device_fd = -1;
  96         if ((device_fd = open(device, O_RDWR)) < 0)
  97                 goto ERROR;
  98
  99         if (ioctl(device_fd, LOOP_SET_FD, file_fd) < 0)
 100                 goto ERROR;
 101
 102         close(file_fd);
 103         close(device_fd);
 104
 105         return 0;
 106
 107 ERROR:
 108         if (file_fd >= 0)
 109                 close(file_fd);
 110
 111         if (device_fd >= 0) {
 112                 ioctl(device_fd, LOOP_CLR_FD, 0);
 113                 close(device_fd);
 114         }
 115
 116         return -1;
 117 }
 118
 119 int hw_mount(const char* source, const char* target, const char* fs, int flags) {
 120         const char* loop_device = "/dev/loop0";
 121
 122         // Create target if it does not exist
 123         if (access(target, X_OK) != 0)
 124                 mkdir(target, S_IRWXU|S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO);
 125
 126         struct stat st;
 127         stat(source, &st);
 128
 129         if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
 130                 int r = setup_loop_device(source, loop_device);
 131                 if (r == 0) {
 132                         source = loop_device;
 133                 } else {
 134                         return -1;
 135                 }
 136         }
 137
 138         return mount(source, target, fs, flags, NULL);
 139 }
 140
 141 int hw_umount(const char* target) {
 142         int r = umount2(target, 0);
 143
 144         if (r && errno == EBUSY) {
 145                 // Give it a moment to settle
 146                 sleep(1);
 147
 148                 r = umount2(target, MNT_FORCE);
 149         }
 150
 151         return r;
 152 }
 153
 154 static int hw_test_source_medium(const char* path) {
 155         int ret = hw_mount(path, SOURCE_MOUNT_PATH, "iso9660", MS_RDONLY);
 156
 157         // If the source could not be mounted we
 158         // cannot proceed.
 159         if (ret != 0)
 160                 return ret;
 161
 162         // Check if the test file exists.
 163         ret = access(SOURCE_TEST_FILE, R_OK);
 164
 165         // Umount the test device.
 166         hw_umount(SOURCE_MOUNT_PATH);
 167
 168         return ret;
 169 }
 170
 171 char* hw_find_source_medium(struct hw* hw) {
 172         char* ret = NULL;
 173
 174         struct udev_enumerate* enumerate = udev_enumerate_new(hw->udev);
 175
 176         udev_enumerate_add_match_subsystem(enumerate, "block");
 177         udev_enumerate_scan_devices(enumerate);
 178
 179         struct udev_list_entry* devices = udev_enumerate_get_list_entry(enumerate);
 180
 181         struct udev_list_entry* dev_list_entry;
 182         udev_list_entry_foreach(dev_list_entry, devices) {
 183                 const char* path = udev_list_entry_get_name(dev_list_entry);
 184                 struct udev_device* dev = udev_device_new_from_syspath(hw->udev, path);
 185
 186                 const char* dev_path = udev_device_get_devnode(dev);
 187
 188                 // Skip everything what we cannot work with
 189                 if (strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/loop") || strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/fd") ||
 190                                 strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/ram") || strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/md"))
 191                         continue;
 192
 193                 if (hw_test_source_medium(dev_path) == 0) {
 194                         ret = strdup(dev_path);
 195                 }
 196
 197                 udev_device_unref(dev);
 198
 199                 // If a suitable device was found the search will end.
 200                 if (ret)
 201                         break;
 202         }
 203
 204         udev_enumerate_unref(enumerate);
 205
 206         return ret;
 207 }
 208
 209 static struct hw_disk** hw_create_disks() {
 210         struct hw_disk** ret = malloc(sizeof(*ret) * (HW_MAX_DISKS + 1));
 211
 212         return ret;
 213 }
 214
 215 static unsigned long long hw_block_device_get_size(const char* dev) {
 216         int fd = open(dev, O_RDONLY);
 217         if (fd < 0)
 218                 return 0;
 219
 220         unsigned long long size = blkid_get_dev_size(fd);
 221         close(fd);
 222
 223         return size;
 224 }
 225
 226 struct hw_disk** hw_find_disks(struct hw* hw, const char* sourcedrive) {
 227         struct hw_disk** ret = hw_create_disks();
 228         struct hw_disk** disks = ret;
 229
 230         struct udev_enumerate* enumerate = udev_enumerate_new(hw->udev);
 231
 232         udev_enumerate_add_match_subsystem(enumerate, "block");
 233         udev_enumerate_scan_devices(enumerate);
 234
 235         struct udev_list_entry* devices = udev_enumerate_get_list_entry(enumerate);
 236
 237         struct udev_list_entry* dev_list_entry;
 238         unsigned int i = HW_MAX_DISKS;
 239         udev_list_entry_foreach(dev_list_entry, devices) {
 240                 const char* path = udev_list_entry_get_name(dev_list_entry);
 241                 struct udev_device* dev = udev_device_new_from_syspath(hw->udev, path);
 242
 243                 const char* dev_path = udev_device_get_devnode(dev);
 244
 245                 // Skip everything what we cannot work with
 246                 if (strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/loop") || strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/fd") ||
 247                                 strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/ram") || strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/sr") ||
 248                                 strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/md")) {
 249                         udev_device_unref(dev);
 250                         continue;
 251                 }
 252
 253                 // Skip sourcedrive if we need to
 254                 if (sourcedrive && (strcmp(dev_path, sourcedrive) == 0)) {
 255                         udev_device_unref(dev);
 256                         continue;
 257                 }
 258
 259                 // DEVTYPE must be disk (otherwise we will see all sorts of partitions here)
 260                 const char* devtype = udev_device_get_property_value(dev, "DEVTYPE");
 261                 if (devtype && (strcmp(devtype, "disk") != 0)) {
 262                         udev_device_unref(dev);
 263                         continue;
 264                 }
 265
 266                 // Skip devices with a size of zero
 267                 unsigned long long size = hw_block_device_get_size(dev_path);
 268                 if (size == 0) {
 269                         udev_device_unref(dev);
 270                         continue;
 271                 }
 272
 273                 struct hw_disk* disk = malloc(sizeof(*disk));
 274                 if (disk == NULL)
 275                         return NULL;
 276
 277                 disk->ref = 1;
 278
 279                 strncpy(disk->path, dev_path, sizeof(disk->path));
 280                 const char* p = disk->path + 5;
 281
 282                 disk->size = size;
 283
 284                 // Vendor
 285                 const char* vendor = udev_device_get_property_value(dev, "ID_VENDOR");
 286                 if (!vendor)
 287                         vendor = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, "vendor");
 288                 if (!vendor)
 289                         vendor = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, "manufacturer");
 290
 291                 if (vendor)
 292                         strncpy(disk->vendor, vendor, sizeof(disk->vendor));
 293                 else
 294                         *disk->vendor = '\0';
 295
 296                 // Model
 297                 const char* model = udev_device_get_property_value(dev, "ID_MODEL");
 298                 if (!model)
 299                         model = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, "model");
 300                 if (!model)
 301                         model = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, "product");
 302
 303                 if (model)
 304                         strncpy(disk->model, model, sizeof(disk->model));
 305                 else
 306                         *disk->model = '\0';
 307
 308                 // Format description
 309                 char size_str[STRING_SIZE];
 310                 snprintf(size_str, sizeof(size_str), "%4.1fGB", (double)disk->size / pow(1024, 3));
 311
 312                 if (*disk->vendor && *disk->model) {
 313                         snprintf(disk->description, sizeof(disk->description),
 314                                 "%s - %s - %s - %s", size_str, p, disk->vendor, disk->model);
 315
 316                 } else if (*disk->vendor || *disk->model) {
 317                         snprintf(disk->description, sizeof(disk->description),
 318                                 "%s - %s - %s", size_str, p, (*disk->vendor) ? disk->vendor : disk->model);
 319
 320                 } else {
 321                         snprintf(disk->description, sizeof(disk->description),
 322                                 "%s - %s", size_str, p);
 323                 }
 324
 325                 // Cut off the description string after 40 characters
 326                 disk->description[41] = '\0';
 327
 328                 *disks++ = disk;
 329
 330                 if (--i == 0)
 331                         break;
 332
 333                 udev_device_unref(dev);
 334         }
 335
 336         udev_enumerate_unref(enumerate);
 337
 338         *disks = NULL;
 339
 340         return ret;
 341 }
 342
 343 void hw_free_disks(struct hw_disk** disks) {
 344         struct hw_disk** disk = disks;
 345
 346         while (*disk != NULL) {
 347                 if (--(*disk)->ref == 0)
 348                         free(*disk);
 349
 350                 disk++;
 351         }
 352
 353         free(disks);
 354 }
 355
 356 unsigned int hw_count_disks(const struct hw_disk** disks) {
 357         unsigned int ret = 0;
 358
 359         while (*disks++)
 360                 ret++;
 361
 362         return ret;
 363 }
 364
 365 struct hw_disk** hw_select_disks(struct hw_disk** disks, int* selection) {
 366         struct hw_disk** ret = hw_create_disks();
 367         struct hw_disk** selected_disks = ret;
 368
 369         unsigned int num_disks = hw_count_disks((const struct hw_disk**)disks);
 370
 371         for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_disks; i++) {
 372                 if (!selection || selection[i]) {
 373                         struct hw_disk *selected_disk = disks[i];
 374                         selected_disk->ref++;
 375
 376                         *selected_disks++ = selected_disk;
 377                 }
 378         }
 379
 380         // Set sentinel
 381         *selected_disks = NULL;
 382
 383         return ret;
 384 }
 385
 386 struct hw_disk** hw_select_first_disk(const struct hw_disk** disks) {
 387         struct hw_disk** ret = hw_create_disks();
 388         struct hw_disk** selected_disks = ret;
 389
 390         unsigned int num_disks = hw_count_disks(disks);
 391         assert(num_disks > 0);
 392
 393         for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_disks; i++) {
 394                 struct hw_disk *disk = disks[i];
 395                 disk->ref++;
 396
 397                 *selected_disks++ = disk;
 398                 break;
 399         }
 400
 401         // Set sentinel
 402         *selected_disks = NULL;
 403
 404         return ret;
 405 }
 406
 407 static unsigned long long hw_swap_size(struct hw_destination* dest) {
 408         unsigned long long memory = hw_memory();
 409
 410         unsigned long long swap_size = memory / 4;
 411
 412         // Min. swap size is 128MB
 413         if (swap_size < MB2BYTES(128))
 414                 swap_size = MB2BYTES(128);
 415
 416         // Cap swap size to 1GB
 417         else if (swap_size > MB2BYTES(1024))
 418                 swap_size = MB2BYTES(1024);
 419
 420         return swap_size;
 421 }
 422
 423 static unsigned long long hw_boot_size(struct hw_destination* dest) {
 424         return MB2BYTES(128);
 425 }
 426
 427 static int hw_device_has_p_suffix(const struct hw_destination* dest) {
 428         // All RAID devices have the p suffix.
 429         if (dest->is_raid)
 430                 return 1;
 431
 432         // Devices with a number at the end have the p suffix, too.
 433         // e.g. mmcblk0, cciss0
 434         unsigned int last_char = strlen(dest->path) - 1;
 435         if ((dest->path[last_char] >= '0') && (dest->path[last_char] <= '9'))
 436                 return 1;
 437
 438         return 0;
 439 }
 440
 441 static int hw_calculate_partition_table(struct hw_destination* dest, int disable_swap) {
 442         char path[DEV_SIZE];
 443         int part_idx = 1;
 444
 445         snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s%s", dest->path,
 446                 hw_device_has_p_suffix(dest) ? "p" : "");
 447         dest->part_boot_idx = 0;
 448
 449         // Determine the size of the target block device
 450         if (dest->is_raid) {
 451                 dest->size = (dest->disk1->size >= dest->disk2->size) ?
 452                         dest->disk2->size : dest->disk1->size;
 453
 454                 // The RAID will install some metadata at the end of the disk
 455                 // and we will save up some space for that.
 456                 dest->size -= MB2BYTES(2);
 457         } else {
 458                 dest->size = dest->disk1->size;
 459         }
 460
 461         // As we add some extra space before the beginning of the first
 462         // partition, we need to substract that here.
 463         dest->size -= MB2BYTES(1);
 464
 465         // Add some more space for partition tables, etc.
 466         dest->size -= MB2BYTES(1);
 467
 468         // The disk has to have at least 2GB
 469         if (dest->size <= MB2BYTES(2048))
 470                 return -1;
 471
 472         // Determine partition table
 473         dest->part_table = HW_PART_TABLE_MSDOS;
 474
 475         // Disks over 2TB need to use GPT
 476         if (dest->size >= MB2BYTES(2047 * 1024))
 477                 dest->part_table = HW_PART_TABLE_GPT;
 478
 479         // We also use GPT on raid disks by default
 480         else if (dest->is_raid)
 481                 dest->part_table = HW_PART_TABLE_GPT;
 482
 483         // When using GPT, GRUB2 needs a little bit of space to put
 484         // itself in.
 485         if (dest->part_table == HW_PART_TABLE_GPT) {
 486                 snprintf(dest->part_bootldr, sizeof(dest->part_bootldr),
 487                         "%s%d", path, part_idx);
 488
 489                 dest->size_bootldr = MB2BYTES(4);
 490
 491                 dest->part_boot_idx = part_idx++;
 492         } else {
 493                 *dest->part_bootldr = '\0';
 494                 dest->size_bootldr = 0;
 495         }
 496
 497         dest->size_boot = hw_boot_size(dest);
 498
 499         // Determine the size of the data partition.
 500         unsigned long long space_left = dest->size - \
 501                 (dest->size_bootldr + dest->size_boot);
 502
 503         // If we have less than 2GB left, we disable swap
 504         if (space_left <= MB2BYTES(2048))
 505                 disable_swap = 1;
 506
 507         // Should we use swap?
 508         if (disable_swap)
 509                 dest->size_swap = 0;
 510         else
 511                 dest->size_swap = hw_swap_size(dest);
 512
 513         // Subtract swap
 514         space_left -= dest->size_swap;
 515
 516         // Root is getting what ever is left
 517         dest->size_root = space_left;
 518
 519         // Set partition names
 520         if (dest->size_boot > 0) {
 521                 if (dest->part_boot_idx == 0)
 522                         dest->part_boot_idx = part_idx;
 523
 524                 snprintf(dest->part_boot, sizeof(dest->part_boot), "%s%d", path, part_idx++);
 525         } else
 526                 *dest->part_boot = '\0';
 527
 528         if (dest->size_swap > 0)
 529                 snprintf(dest->part_swap, sizeof(dest->part_swap), "%s%d", path, part_idx++);
 530         else
 531                 *dest->part_swap = '\0';
 532
 533         // There is always a root partition
 534         if (dest->part_boot_idx == 0)
 535                 dest->part_boot_idx = part_idx;
 536
 537         snprintf(dest->part_root, sizeof(dest->part_root), "%s%d", path, part_idx++);
 538
 539         return 0;
 540 }
 541
 542 struct hw_destination* hw_make_destination(int part_type, struct hw_disk** disks, int disable_swap) {
 543         struct hw_destination* dest = malloc(sizeof(*dest));
 544
 545         if (part_type == HW_PART_TYPE_NORMAL) {
 546                 dest->disk1 = *disks;
 547                 dest->disk2 = NULL;
 548
 549                 strncpy(dest->path, dest->disk1->path, sizeof(dest->path));
 550
 551         } else if (part_type == HW_PART_TYPE_RAID1) {
 552                 dest->disk1 = *disks++;
 553                 dest->disk2 = *disks;
 554                 dest->raid_level = 1;
 555
 556                 snprintf(dest->path, sizeof(dest->path), "/dev/md0");
 557         }
 558
 559         // Is this a RAID device?
 560         dest->is_raid = (part_type > HW_PART_TYPE_NORMAL);
 561
 562         int r = hw_calculate_partition_table(dest, disable_swap);
 563         if (r)
 564                 return NULL;
 565
 566         // Set default filesystem
 567         dest->filesystem = HW_FS_DEFAULT;
 568
 569         return dest;
 570 }
 571
 572 unsigned long long hw_memory() {
 573         struct sysinfo si;
 574
 575         int r = sysinfo(&si);
 576         if (r < 0)
 577                 return 0;
 578
 579         return si.totalram;
 580 }
 581
 582 static int hw_zero_out_device(const char* path, int bytes) {
 583         char block[512];
 584         memset(block, 0, sizeof(block));
 585
 586         int blocks = bytes / sizeof(block);
 587
 588         int fd = open(path, O_WRONLY);
 589         if (fd < 0)
 590                 return -1;
 591
 592         unsigned int bytes_written = 0;
 593         while (blocks-- > 0) {
 594                 bytes_written += write(fd, block, sizeof(block));
 595         }
 596
 597         fsync(fd);
 598         close(fd);
 599
 600         return bytes_written;
 601 }
 602
 603 static int try_open(const char* path) {
 604         FILE* f = fopen(path, "r");
 605         if (f) {
 606                 fclose(f);
 607                 return 0;
 608         }
 609
 610         return -1;
 611 }
 612
 613 int hw_create_partitions(struct hw_destination* dest, const char* output) {
 614         // Before we write a new partition table to the disk, we will erase
 615         // the first couple of megabytes at the beginning of the device to
 616         // get rid of all left other things like bootloaders and partition tables.
 617         // This solves some problems when changing from MBR to GPT partitions or
 618         // the other way around.
 619         int r = hw_zero_out_device(dest->path, MB2BYTES(10));
 620         if (r <= 0)
 621                 return r;
 622
 623         char* cmd = NULL;
 624         asprintf(&cmd, "/usr/sbin/parted -s %s -a optimal", dest->path);
 625
 626         // Set partition type
 627         if (dest->part_table == HW_PART_TABLE_MSDOS)
 628                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s mklabel msdos", cmd);
 629         else if (dest->part_table == HW_PART_TABLE_GPT)
 630                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s mklabel gpt", cmd);
 631
 632         unsigned long long part_start = MB2BYTES(1);
 633
 634         if (*dest->part_bootldr) {
 635                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s mkpart %s ext2 %lluB %lluB", cmd,
 636                         (dest->part_table == HW_PART_TABLE_GPT) ? "BOOTLDR" : "primary",
 637                 part_start, part_start + dest->size_bootldr - 1);
 638
 639                 part_start += dest->size_bootldr;
 640         }
 641
 642         if (*dest->part_boot) {
 643                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s mkpart %s ext2 %lluB %lluB", cmd,
 644                         (dest->part_table == HW_PART_TABLE_GPT) ? "BOOT" : "primary",
 645                         part_start, part_start + dest->size_boot - 1);
 646
 647                 part_start += dest->size_boot;
 648         }
 649
 650         if (*dest->part_swap) {
 651                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s mkpart %s linux-swap %lluB %lluB", cmd,
 652                         (dest->part_table == HW_PART_TABLE_GPT) ? "SWAP" : "primary",
 653                         part_start, part_start + dest->size_swap - 1);
 654
 655                 part_start += dest->size_swap;
 656         }
 657
 658         if (*dest->part_root) {
 659                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s mkpart %s ext2 %lluB %lluB", cmd,
 660                         (dest->part_table == HW_PART_TABLE_GPT) ? "ROOT" : "primary",
 661                         part_start, part_start + dest->size_root - 1);
 662
 663                 part_start += dest->size_root;
 664         }
 665
 666         if (dest->part_boot_idx > 0)
 667                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s set %d boot on", cmd, dest->part_boot_idx);
 668
 669         if (dest->part_table == HW_PART_TABLE_GPT) {
 670                 if (*dest->part_bootldr) {
 671                         asprintf(&cmd, "%s set %d bios_grub on", cmd, dest->part_boot_idx);
 672                 }
 673                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s disk_set pmbr_boot on", cmd);
 674         }
 675
 676         r = mysystem(output, cmd);
 677
 678         // Wait until the system re-read the partition table
 679         if (r == 0) {
 680                 unsigned int counter = 10;
 681
 682                 while (counter-- > 0) {
 683                         sleep(1);
 684
 685                         if (*dest->part_bootldr && (try_open(dest->part_bootldr) != 0))
 686                                 continue;
 687
 688                         if (*dest->part_boot && (try_open(dest->part_boot) != 0))
 689                                 continue;
 690
 691                         if (*dest->part_swap && (try_open(dest->part_swap) != 0))
 692                                 continue;
 693
 694                         if (*dest->part_root && (try_open(dest->part_root) != 0))
 695                                 continue;
 696
 697                         // All partitions do exist, exiting the loop.
 698                         break;
 699                 }
 700         }
 701
 702         if (cmd)
 703                 free(cmd);
 704
 705         return r;
 706 }
 707
 708 static int hw_format_filesystem(const char* path, int fs, const char* output) {
 709         char cmd[STRING_SIZE] = "\0";
 710
 711         // Swap
 712         if (fs == HW_FS_SWAP) {
 713                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "/sbin/mkswap -v1 %s &>/dev/null", path);
 714         // ReiserFS
 715         } else if (fs == HW_FS_REISERFS) {
 716                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "/sbin/mkreiserfs -f %s ", path);
 717
 718         // EXT4
 719         } else if (fs == HW_FS_EXT4) {
 720                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "/sbin/mke2fs -FF -T ext4 %s", path);
 721
 722         // EXT4 w/o journal
 723         } else if (fs == HW_FS_EXT4_WO_JOURNAL) {
 724                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "/sbin/mke2fs -FF -T ext4 -O ^has_journal %s", path);
 725
 726         // XFS
 727         } else if (fs == HW_FS_XFS) {
 728                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "/sbin/mkfs.xfs -f %s", path);
 729         }
 730
 731         assert(*cmd);
 732
 733         int r = mysystem(output, cmd);
 734
 735         return r;
 736 }
 737
 738 int hw_create_filesystems(struct hw_destination* dest, const char* output) {
 739         int r;
 740
 741         // boot
 742         if (*dest->part_boot) {
 743                 r = hw_format_filesystem(dest->part_boot, dest->filesystem, output);
 744                 if (r)
 745                         return r;
 746         }
 747
 748         // swap
 749         if (*dest->part_swap) {
 750                 r = hw_format_filesystem(dest->part_swap, HW_FS_SWAP, output);
 751                 if (r)
 752                         return r;
 753         }
 754
 755         // root
 756         r = hw_format_filesystem(dest->part_root, dest->filesystem, output);
 757         if (r)
 758                 return r;
 759
 760         return 0;
 761 }
 762
 763 int hw_mount_filesystems(struct hw_destination* dest, const char* prefix) {
 764         char target[STRING_SIZE];
 765
 766         assert(*prefix == '/');
 767
 768         const char* filesystem;
 769         switch (dest->filesystem) {
 770                 case HW_FS_REISERFS:
 771                         filesystem = "reiserfs";
 772                         break;
 773
 774                 case HW_FS_EXT4:
 775                 case HW_FS_EXT4_WO_JOURNAL:
 776                         filesystem = "ext4";
 777                         break;
 778
 779                 case HW_FS_XFS:
 780                         filesystem = "xfs";
 781                         break;
 782
 783                 default:
 784                         assert(0);
 785         }
 786
 787         // root
 788         int r = hw_mount(dest->part_root, prefix, filesystem, 0);
 789         if (r)
 790                 return r;
 791
 792         // boot
 793         if (*dest->part_boot) {
 794                 snprintf(target, sizeof(target), "%s%s", prefix, HW_PATH_BOOT);
 795                 mkdir(target, S_IRWXU|S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO);
 796
 797                 r = hw_mount(dest->part_boot, target, filesystem, 0);
 798                 if (r) {
 799                         hw_umount_filesystems(dest, prefix);
 800
 801                         return r;
 802                 }
 803         }
 804
 805         // swap
 806         if (*dest->part_swap) {
 807                 r = swapon(dest->part_swap, 0);
 808                 if (r) {
 809                         hw_umount_filesystems(dest, prefix);
 810
 811                         return r;
 812                 }
 813         }
 814
 815         // bind-mount misc filesystems
 816         char** otherfs = other_filesystems;
 817         while (*otherfs) {
 818                 snprintf(target, sizeof(target), "%s%s", prefix, *otherfs);
 819
 820                 mkdir(target, S_IRWXU|S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO);
 821                 r = hw_mount(*otherfs, target, NULL, MS_BIND);
 822                 if (r) {
 823                         hw_umount_filesystems(dest, prefix);
 824
 825                         return r;
 826                 }
 827
 828                 otherfs++;
 829         }
 830
 831         return 0;
 832 }
 833
 834 int hw_umount_filesystems(struct hw_destination* dest, const char* prefix) {
 835         int r;
 836         char target[STRING_SIZE];
 837
 838         // Write all buffers to disk before umounting
 839         hw_sync();
 840
 841         // boot
 842         if (*dest->part_boot) {
 843                 snprintf(target, sizeof(target), "%s%s", prefix, HW_PATH_BOOT);
 844                 r = hw_umount(target);
 845                 if (r)
 846                         return -1;
 847         }
 848
 849         // swap
 850         if (*dest->part_swap) {
 851                 swapoff(dest->part_swap);
 852         }
 853
 854         // misc filesystems
 855         char** otherfs = other_filesystems;
 856         while (*otherfs) {
 857                 snprintf(target, sizeof(target), "%s%s", prefix, *otherfs++);
 858                 r = hw_umount(target);
 859                 if (r)
 860                         return -1;
 861         }
 862
 863         // root
 864         r = hw_umount(prefix);
 865         if (r)
 866                 return -1;
 867
 868         return 0;
 869 }
 870
 871 int hw_destroy_raid_superblocks(const struct hw_destination* dest, const char* output) {
 872         char cmd[STRING_SIZE];
 873
 874         hw_stop_all_raid_arrays(output);
 875         hw_stop_all_raid_arrays(output);
 876
 877         if (dest->disk1) {
 878                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "/sbin/mdadm --zero-superblock %s", dest->disk1->path);
 879                 mysystem(output, cmd);
 880         }
 881
 882         if (dest->disk2) {
 883                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "/sbin/mdadm --zero-superblock %s", dest->disk2->path);
 884                 mysystem(output, cmd);
 885         }
 886
 887         return 0;
 888 }
 889
 890 int hw_setup_raid(struct hw_destination* dest, const char* output) {
 891         char* cmd = NULL;
 892         int r;
 893
 894         assert(dest->is_raid);
 895
 896         // Stop all RAID arrays that might be around (again).
 897         // It seems that there is some sort of race-condition with udev re-enabling
 898         // the raid arrays and therefore locking the disks.
 899         r = hw_destroy_raid_superblocks(dest, output);
 900
 901         asprintf(&cmd, "echo \"y\" | /sbin/mdadm --create --verbose --metadata=%s --auto=mdp %s",
 902                 RAID_METADATA, dest->path);
 903
 904         switch (dest->raid_level) {
 905                 case 1:
 906                         asprintf(&cmd, "%s --level=1 --raid-devices=2", cmd);
 907                         break;
 908
 909                 default:
 910                         assert(0);
 911         }
 912
 913         if (dest->disk1) {
 914                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s %s", cmd, dest->disk1->path);
 915
 916                 // Clear all data at the beginning
 917                 r = hw_zero_out_device(dest->disk1->path, MB2BYTES(10));
 918                 if (r <= 0)
 919                         return r;
 920         }
 921
 922         if (dest->disk2) {
 923                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s %s", cmd, dest->disk2->path);
 924
 925                 // Clear all data at the beginning
 926                 r = hw_zero_out_device(dest->disk2->path, MB2BYTES(10));
 927                 if (r <= 0)
 928                         return r;
 929         }
 930
 931         r = mysystem(output, cmd);
 932         free(cmd);
 933
 934         // Wait a moment until the device has been properly brought up
 935         if (r == 0) {
 936                 unsigned int counter = 10;
 937                 while (counter-- > 0) {
 938                         sleep(1);
 939
 940                         // If the raid device has not yet been properly brought up,
 941                         // opening it will fail with the message: Device or resource busy
 942                         // Hence we will wait a bit until it becomes usable.
 943                         if (try_open(dest->path) == 0)
 944                                 break;
 945                 }
 946         }
 947
 948         return r;
 949 }
 950
 951 int hw_stop_all_raid_arrays(const char* output) {
 952         return mysystem(output, "/sbin/mdadm --stop --scan --verbose");
 953 }
 954
 955 int hw_install_bootloader(struct hw_destination* dest, const char* output) {
 956         char cmd[STRING_SIZE];
 957         int r;
 958
 959         // Generate configuration file
 960         snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "/usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg");
 961         r = system_chroot(output, DESTINATION_MOUNT_PATH, cmd);
 962         if (r)
 963                 return r;
 964
 965         char cmd_grub[STRING_SIZE];
 966         snprintf(cmd_grub, sizeof(cmd_grub), "/usr/sbin/grub-install --no-floppy --recheck");
 967
 968         if (dest->is_raid) {
 969                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "%s %s", cmd_grub, dest->disk1->path);
 970                 r = system_chroot(output, DESTINATION_MOUNT_PATH, cmd);
 971                 if (r)
 972                         return r;
 973
 974                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "%s %s", cmd_grub, dest->disk2->path);
 975                 r = system_chroot(output, DESTINATION_MOUNT_PATH, cmd);
 976         } else {
 977                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "%s %s", cmd_grub, dest->path);
 978                 r = system_chroot(output, DESTINATION_MOUNT_PATH, cmd);
 979         }
 980
 981         hw_sync();
 982
 983         return r;
 984 }
 985
 986 static char* hw_get_uuid(const char* dev) {
 987         blkid_probe p = blkid_new_probe_from_filename(dev);
 988         const char* buffer = NULL;
 989         char* uuid = NULL;
 990
 991         if (!p)
 992                 return NULL;
 993
 994         blkid_do_probe(p);
 995         blkid_probe_lookup_value(p, "UUID", &buffer, NULL);
 996
 997         if (buffer)
 998                 uuid = strdup(buffer);
 999
1000         blkid_free_probe(p);
1001
1002         return uuid;
1003 }
1004
1005 #define FSTAB_FMT "UUID=%s %-8s %-4s %-10s %d %d\n"
1006
1007 int hw_write_fstab(struct hw_destination* dest) {
1008         FILE* f = fopen(DESTINATION_MOUNT_PATH "/etc/fstab", "w");
1009         if (!f)
1010                 return -1;
1011
1012         char* uuid = NULL;
1013
1014         // boot
1015         if (*dest->part_boot) {
1016                 uuid = hw_get_uuid(dest->part_boot);
1017
1018                 if (uuid) {
1019                         fprintf(f, FSTAB_FMT, uuid, "/boot", "auto", "defaults", 1, 2);
1020                         free(uuid);
1021                 }
1022         }
1023
1024         // swap
1025         if (*dest->part_swap) {
1026                 uuid = hw_get_uuid(dest->part_swap);
1027
1028                 if (uuid) {
1029                         fprintf(f, FSTAB_FMT, uuid, "swap", "swap", "defaults,pri=1", 0, 0);
1030                         free(uuid);
1031                 }
1032         }
1033
1034         // root
1035         uuid = hw_get_uuid(dest->part_root);
1036         if (uuid) {
1037                 fprintf(f, FSTAB_FMT, uuid, "/", "auto", "defaults", 1, 1);
1038                 free(uuid);
1039         }
1040
1041         fclose(f);
1042
1043         return 0;
1044 }
1045
1046 void hw_sync() {
1047         sync();
1048         sync();
1049         sync();
1050 }
1051
1052 int hw_start_networking(const char* output) {
1053         return mysystem(output, "/usr/bin/start-networking.sh");
1054 }
1055
1056 char* hw_find_backup_file(const char* output, const char* search_path) {
1057         char path[STRING_SIZE];
1058
1059         snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/backup.ipf", search_path);
1060         int r = access(path, R_OK);
1061
1062         if (r == 0)
1063                 return strdup(path);
1064
1065         return NULL;
1066 }
1067
1068 int hw_restore_backup(const char* output, const char* backup_path, const char* destination) {
1069         char command[STRING_SIZE];
1070
1071         snprintf(command, sizeof(command), "/bin/tar xzpf %s -C %s", backup_path, destination);
1072         int rc = mysystem(output, command);
1073
1074         if (rc)
1075                 return -1;
1076
1077         return 0;
1078 }