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95732b49 JA |
1 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-3.1 since |
2 | the release of bash-3.0. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
3 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
4 | ||
5 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
6 | ||
7 | a. Bash now understands LC_TIME as a special variable so that time display | |
8 | tracks the current locale. | |
9 | ||
10 | b. BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, BASH_SOURCE, and BASH_LINENO are no longer created | |
11 | as `invisible' variables and may not be unset. | |
12 | ||
13 | c. In POSIX mode, if `xpg_echo' option is enabled, the `echo' builtin doesn't | |
14 | try to interpret any options at all, as POSIX requires. | |
15 | ||
16 | d. The `bg' builtin now accepts multiple arguments, as POSIX seems to specify. | |
17 | ||
18 | e. Fixed vi-mode word completion and glob expansion to perform tilde | |
19 | expansion. | |
20 | ||
21 | f. The `**' mathematic exponentiation operator is now right-associative. | |
22 | ||
23 | g. The `ulimit' builtin has new options: -i (max number of pending signals), | |
24 | -q (max size of POSIX message queues), and -x (max number of file locks). | |
25 | ||
26 | h. A bare `%' once again expands to the current job when used as a job | |
27 | specifier. | |
28 | ||
29 | i. The `+=' assignment operator (append to the value of a string or array) is | |
30 | now supported for assignment statements and arguments to builtin commands | |
31 | that accept assignment statements. | |
32 | ||
33 | j. BASH_COMMAND now preserves its value when a DEBUG trap is executed. | |
34 | ||
35 | k. The `gnu_errfmt' option is enabled automatically if the shell is running | |
36 | in an emacs terminal window. | |
37 | ||
38 | l. New configuration option: --single-help-strings. Causes long help text | |
39 | to be written as a single string; intended to ease translation. | |
40 | ||
41 | m. The COMP_WORDBREAKS variable now causes the list of word break characters | |
42 | to be emptied when the variable is unset. | |
43 | ||
44 | n. An unquoted expansion of $* when $IFS is empty now causes the positional | |
45 | parameters to be concatenated if the expansion doesn't undergo word | |
46 | splitting. | |
47 | ||
48 | o. Bash now inherits $_ from the environment if it appears there at startup. | |
49 | ||
50 | p. New shell option: nocasematch. If non-zero, shell pattern matching ignores | |
51 | case when used by `case' and `[[' commands. | |
52 | ||
53 | q. The `printf' builtin takes a new option: -v var. That causes the output | |
54 | to be placed into var instead of on stdout. | |
55 | ||
56 | r. By default, the shell no longer reports processes dying from SIGPIPE. | |
57 | ||
58 | s. Bash now sets the extern variable `environ' to the export environment it | |
59 | creates, so C library functions that call getenv() (and can't use the | |
60 | shell-provided replacement) get current values of environment variables. | |
61 | ||
62 | t. A new configuration option, `--enable-strict-posix-default', which will | |
63 | build bash to be POSIX conforming by default. | |
64 | ||
65 | u. If compiled for strict POSIX conformance, LINES and COLUMNS may now | |
66 | override the true terminal size. | |
67 | ||
68 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
69 | ||
70 | a. The key sequence sent by the keypad `delete' key is now automatically | |
71 | bound to delete-char. | |
72 | ||
73 | b. A negative argument to menu-complete now cycles backward through the | |
74 | completion list. | |
75 | ||
76 | c. A new bindable readline variable: bind-tty-special-chars. If non-zero, | |
77 | readline will bind the terminal special characters to their readline | |
78 | equivalents when it's called (on by default). | |
79 | ||
80 | d. New bindable command: vi-rubout. Saves deleted text for possible | |
81 | reinsertion, as with any vi-mode `text modification' command; `X' is bound | |
82 | to this in vi command mode. | |
83 | ||
84 | e. A new external application-controllable variable that allows the LINES | |
85 | and COLUMNS environment variables to set the window size regardless of | |
86 | what the kernel returns: rl_prefer_env_winsize | |
87 | ||
88 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
b80f6443 JA |
89 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-3.0 since |
90 | the release of bash-2.05b. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
91 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
92 | ||
93 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
94 | ||
95 | a. ANSI string expansion now implements the \x{hexdigits} escape. | |
96 | ||
97 | b. There is a new loadable `strftime' builtin. | |
98 | ||
99 | c. New variable, COMP_WORDBREAKS, which controls the readline completer's | |
100 | idea of word break characters. | |
101 | ||
102 | d. The `type' builtin no longer reports on aliases unless alias expansion | |
103 | will actually be performed. | |
104 | ||
105 | e. HISTCONTROL is now a colon-separated list of values, which permits | |
106 | more extensibility and backwards compatibility. | |
107 | ||
108 | f. HISTCONTROL may now include the `erasedups' option, which causes all lines | |
109 | matching a line being added to be removed from the history list. | |
110 | ||
111 | g. `configure' has a new `--enable-multibyte' argument that permits multibyte | |
112 | character support to be disabled even on systems that support it. | |
113 | ||
114 | h. New variables to support the bash debugger: BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, | |
115 | BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO, BASH_SUBSHELL, BASH_EXECUTION_STRING, | |
116 | BASH_COMMAND | |
117 | ||
118 | i. FUNCNAME has been changed to support the debugger: it's now an array | |
119 | variable. | |
120 | ||
121 | j. for, case, select, arithmetic commands now keep line number information | |
122 | for the debugger. | |
123 | ||
124 | k. There is a new `RETURN' trap executed when a function or sourced script | |
125 | returns (not inherited child processes; inherited by command substitution | |
126 | if function tracing is enabled and the debugger is active). | |
127 | ||
128 | l. New invocation option: --debugger. Enables debugging and turns on new | |
129 | `extdebug' shell option. | |
130 | ||
131 | m. New `functrace' and `errtrace' options to `set -o' cause DEBUG and ERR | |
132 | traps, respectively, to be inherited by shell functions. Equivalent to | |
133 | `set -T' and `set -E' respectively. The `functrace' option also controls | |
134 | whether or not the DEBUG trap is inherited by sourced scripts. | |
135 | ||
136 | n. The DEBUG trap is run before binding the variable and running the action | |
137 | list in a `for' command, binding the selection variable and running the | |
138 | query in a `select' command, and before attempting a match in a `case' | |
139 | command. | |
140 | ||
141 | o. New `--enable-debugger' option to `configure' to compile in the debugger | |
142 | support code. | |
143 | ||
144 | p. `declare -F' now prints out extra line number and source file information | |
145 | if the `extdebug' option is set. | |
146 | ||
147 | q. If `extdebug' is enabled, a non-zero return value from a DEBUG trap causes | |
148 | the next command to be skipped, and a return value of 2 while in a | |
149 | function or sourced script forces a `return'. | |
150 | ||
151 | r. New `caller' builtin to provide a call stack for the bash debugger. | |
152 | ||
153 | s. The DEBUG trap is run just before the first command in a function body is | |
154 | executed, for the debugger. | |
155 | ||
156 | t. `for', `select', and `case' command heads are printed when `set -x' is | |
157 | enabled. | |
158 | ||
159 | u. There is a new {x..y} brace expansion, which is shorthand for {x.x+1, | |
160 | x+2,...,y}. x and y can be integers or single characters; the sequence | |
161 | may ascend or descend; the increment is always 1. | |
162 | ||
163 | v. New ksh93-like ${!array[@]} expansion, expands to all the keys (indices) | |
164 | of array. | |
165 | ||
166 | w. New `force_fignore' shopt option; if enabled, suffixes specified by | |
167 | FIGNORE cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even | |
168 | if they're the only possibilities. | |
169 | ||
170 | x. New `gnu_errfmt' shopt option; if enabled, error messages follow the `gnu | |
171 | style' (filename:lineno:message) format. | |
172 | ||
173 | y. New `-o bashdefault' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes the | |
174 | whole set of bash completions to be performed if the compspec doesn't | |
175 | result in a match. | |
176 | ||
177 | z. New `-o plusdirs' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes directory | |
178 | name completion to be performed and the results added to the rest of the | |
179 | possible completions. | |
180 | ||
181 | aa. `kill' is available as a builtin even when the shell is built without | |
182 | job control. | |
183 | ||
184 | bb. New HISTTIMEFORMAT variable; value is a format string to pass to | |
185 | strftime(3). If set and not null, the `history' builtin prints out | |
186 | timestamp information according to the specified format when displaying | |
187 | history entries. If set, bash tells the history library to write out | |
188 | timestamp information when the history file is written. | |
189 | ||
190 | cc. The [[ ... ]] command has a new binary `=~' operator that performs | |
191 | extended regular expression (egrep-like) matching. | |
192 | ||
193 | dd. `configure' has a new `--enable-cond-regexp' option (enabled by default) | |
194 | to enable the =~ operator and regexp matching in [[ ... ]]. | |
195 | ||
196 | ee. Subexpressions matched by the =~ operator are placed in the new | |
197 | BASH_REMATCH array variable. | |
198 | ||
199 | ff. New `failglob' option that causes an expansion error when pathname | |
200 | expansion fails to produce a match. | |
201 | ||
202 | gg. New `set -o pipefail' option that causes a pipeline to return a failure | |
203 | status if any of the processes in the pipeline fail, not just the last | |
204 | one. | |
205 | ||
206 | hh. printf builtin understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?. | |
207 | ||
208 | ii. `echo -e' understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?. | |
209 | ||
210 | jj. The GNU `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated; the shell's | |
211 | messages can be translated into different languages. | |
212 | ||
213 | kk. The `\W' prompt expansion now abbreviates $HOME as `~', like `\w'. | |
214 | ||
215 | ll. The error message printed when bash cannot open a shell script supplied | |
216 | as argument 1 now includes the name of the shell, to better identify | |
217 | the error as coming from bash. | |
218 | ||
219 | mm. The parameter pattern removal and substitution expansions are now much | |
220 | faster and more efficient when using multibyte characters. | |
221 | ||
222 | nn. The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation | |
223 | even if job control is not enabled. | |
224 | ||
225 | oo. The historical behavior of `trap' that allows a missing `action' argument | |
226 | to cause each specified signal's handling to be reset to its default is | |
227 | now only supported when `trap' is given a single non-option argument. | |
228 | ||
229 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
230 | ||
231 | a. History expansion has a new `a' modifier equivalent to the `g' modifier | |
232 | for compatibility with the BSD csh. | |
233 | ||
234 | b. History expansion has a new `G' modifier equivalent to the BSD csh `g' | |
235 | modifier, which performs a substitution once per word. | |
236 | ||
237 | c. All non-incremental search operations may now undo the operation of | |
238 | replacing the current line with the history line. | |
239 | ||
240 | d. The text inserted by an `a' command in vi mode can be reinserted with | |
241 | `.'. | |
242 | ||
243 | e. New bindable variable, `show-all-if-unmodified'. If set, the readline | |
244 | completer will list possible completions immediately if there is more | |
245 | than one completion and partial completion cannot be performed. | |
246 | ||
247 | f. There is a new application-callable `free_history_entry()' function. | |
248 | ||
249 | g. History list entries now contain timestamp information; the history file | |
250 | functions know how to read and write timestamp information associated | |
251 | with each entry. | |
252 | ||
253 | h. Four new key binding functions have been added: | |
254 | ||
255 | rl_bind_key_if_unbound() | |
256 | rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map() | |
257 | rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound() | |
258 | rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map() | |
259 | ||
260 | i. New application variable, rl_completion_quote_character, set to any | |
261 | quote character readline finds before it calls the application completion | |
262 | function. | |
263 | ||
264 | j. New application variable, rl_completion_suppress_quote, settable by an | |
265 | application completion function. If set to non-zero, readline does not | |
266 | attempt to append a closing quote to a completed word. | |
267 | ||
268 | k. New application variable, rl_completion_found_quote, set to a non-zero | |
269 | value if readline determines that the word to be completed is quoted. | |
270 | Set before readline calls any application completion function. | |
271 | ||
272 | l. New function hook, rl_completion_word_break_hook, called when readline | |
273 | needs to break a line into words when completion is attempted. Allows | |
274 | the word break characters to vary based on position in the line. | |
275 | ||
276 | m. New bindable command: unix-filename-rubout. Does the same thing as | |
277 | unix-word-rubout, but adds `/' to the set of word delimiters. | |
278 | ||
279 | n. When listing completions, directories have a `/' appended if the | |
280 | `mark-directories' option has been enabled. | |
281 | ||
282 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
7117c2d2 JA |
283 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.05b since |
284 | the release of bash-2.05a. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
285 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
286 | ||
287 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
288 | ||
289 | a. If set, TMOUT is the default timeout for the `read' builtin. | |
290 | ||
291 | b. `type' has two new options: `-f' suppresses shell function lookup, and | |
292 | `-P' forces a $PATH search. | |
293 | ||
294 | c. New code to handle multibyte characters. | |
295 | ||
296 | d. `select' was changed to be more ksh-compatible, in that the menu is | |
297 | reprinted each time through the loop only if REPLY is set to NULL. | |
298 | The previous behavior is available as a compile-time option. | |
299 | ||
300 | e. `complete -d' and `complete -o dirnames' now force a slash to be | |
301 | appended to names which are symlinks to directories. | |
302 | ||
303 | f. There is now a bindable edit-and-execute-command readline command, | |
304 | like the vi-mode `v' command, bound to C-xC-e in emacs mode. | |
305 | ||
306 | g. Added support for ksh93-like [:word:] character class in pattern matching. | |
307 | ||
308 | h. The $'...' quoting construct now expands \cX to Control-X. | |
309 | ||
310 | i. A new \D{...} prompt expansion; passes the `...' to strftime and inserts | |
311 | the result into the expanded prompt. | |
312 | ||
313 | j. The shell now performs arithmetic in the largest integer size the | |
314 | machine supports (intmax_t), instead of long. | |
315 | ||
316 | k. If a numeric argument is supplied to one of the bash globbing completion | |
317 | functions, a `*' is appended to the word before expansion is attempted. | |
318 | ||
319 | l. The bash globbing completion functions now allow completions to be listed | |
320 | with double tabs or if `show-all-if-ambiguous' is set. | |
321 | ||
322 | m. New `-o nospace' option for `complete' and `compgen' builtins; suppresses | |
323 | readline's appending a space to the completed word. | |
324 | ||
325 | n. New `here-string' redirection operator: <<< word. | |
326 | ||
327 | o. When displaying variables, function attributes and definitions are shown | |
328 | separately, allowing them to be re-used as input (attempting to re-use | |
329 | the old output would result in syntax errors). | |
330 | ||
331 | p. There is a new configuration option `--enable-mem-scramble', controls | |
332 | bash malloc behavior of writing garbage characters into memory at | |
333 | allocation and free time. | |
334 | ||
335 | q. The `complete' and `compgen' builtins now have a new `-s/-A service' | |
336 | option to complete on names from /etc/services. | |
337 | ||
338 | r. `read' has a new `-u fd' option to read from a specified file descriptor. | |
339 | ||
340 | s. Fix the completion code so that expansion errors in a directory name | |
341 | don't cause a longjmp back to the command loop. | |
342 | ||
343 | t. Fixed word completion inside command substitution to work a little more | |
344 | intuitively. | |
345 | ||
346 | u. The `printf' %q format specifier now uses $'...' quoting to print the | |
347 | argument if it contains non-printing characters. | |
348 | ||
349 | v. The `declare' and `typeset' builtins have a new `-t' option. When applied | |
350 | to functions, it causes the DEBUG trap to be inherited by the named | |
351 | function. Currently has no effect on variables. | |
352 | ||
353 | w. The DEBUG trap is now run *before* simple commands, ((...)) commands, | |
354 | [[...]] conditional commands, and for ((...)) loops. | |
355 | ||
356 | x. The expansion of $LINENO inside a shell function is only relative to the | |
357 | function start if the shell is interactive -- if the shell is running a | |
358 | script, $LINENO expands to the line number in the script. This is as | |
359 | POSIX-2001 requires. | |
360 | ||
361 | y. The bash debugger in examples/bashdb has been modified to work with the | |
362 | new DEBUG trap semantics, the command set has been made more gdb-like, | |
363 | and the changes to $LINENO make debugging functions work better. Code | |
364 | from Gary Vaughan. | |
365 | ||
366 | z. New [n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections from ksh93 -- move fds (dup | |
367 | and close). | |
368 | ||
369 | aa. There is a new `-l' invocation option, equivalent to `--login'. | |
370 | ||
371 | bb. The `hash' builtin has a new `-l' option to list contents in a reusable | |
372 | format, and a `-d' option to remove a name from the hash table. | |
373 | ||
374 | cc. There is now support for placing the long help text into separate files | |
375 | installed into ${datadir}/bash. Not enabled by default; can be turned | |
376 | on with `--enable-separate-helpfiles' option to configure. | |
377 | ||
378 | dd. All builtins that take operands accept a `--' pseudo-option, except | |
379 | `echo'. | |
380 | ||
381 | ee. The `echo' builtin now accepts \0xxx (zero to three octal digits following | |
382 | the `0') in addition to \xxx (one to three octal digits) for SUSv3/XPG6/ | |
383 | POSIX.1-2001 compliance. | |
384 | ||
385 | ||
386 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
387 | ||
388 | a. Support for key `subsequences': allows, e.g., ESC and ESC-a to both | |
389 | be bound to readline functions. Now the arrow keys may be used in vi | |
390 | insert mode. | |
391 | ||
392 | b. When listing completions, and the number of lines displayed is more than | |
393 | the screen length, readline uses an internal pager to display the results. | |
394 | This is controlled by the `page-completions' variable (default on). | |
395 | ||
396 | c. New code to handle editing and displaying multibyte characters. | |
397 | ||
398 | d. The behavior introduced in bash-2.05a of deciding whether or not to | |
399 | append a slash to a completed name that is a symlink to a directory has | |
400 | been made optional, controlled by the `mark-symlinked-directories' | |
401 | variable (default is the 2.05a behavior). | |
402 | ||
403 | e. The `insert-comment' command now acts as a toggle if given a numeric | |
404 | argument: if the first characters on the line don't specify a | |
405 | comment, insert one; if they do, delete the comment text | |
406 | ||
407 | f. New application-settable completion variable: | |
408 | rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs, allows an application's completion | |
409 | function to temporarily override the user's preference for appending | |
410 | slashes to names which are symlinks to directories. | |
411 | ||
412 | g. New function available to application completion functions: | |
413 | rl_completion_mode, to tell how the completion function was invoked | |
414 | and decide which argument to supply to rl_complete_internal (to list | |
415 | completions, etc.). | |
416 | ||
417 | h. Readline now has an overwrite mode, toggled by the `overwrite-mode' | |
418 | bindable command, which could be bound to `Insert'. | |
419 | ||
420 | i. New application-settable completion variable: | |
421 | rl_completion_suppress_append, inhibits appending of | |
422 | rl_completion_append_character to completed words. | |
423 | ||
424 | j. New key bindings when reading an incremental search string: ^W yanks | |
425 | the currently-matched word out of the current line into the search | |
426 | string; ^Y yanks the rest of the current line into the search string, | |
427 | DEL or ^H deletes characters from the search string. | |
428 | ||
429 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
f73dda09 JA |
430 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.05a since |
431 | the release of bash-2.05. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
432 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
433 | ||
434 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
435 | ||
436 | a. Added support for DESTDIR installation root prefix, so you can do a | |
437 | `make install DESTDIR=bash-root' and do easier binary packaging. | |
438 | ||
439 | b. Added support for builtin printf "'" flag character as per latest POSIX | |
440 | drafts. | |
441 | ||
442 | c. Support for POSIX.2 printf(1) length specifiers `j', `t', and `z' (from | |
443 | ISO C99). | |
444 | ||
445 | d. New autoconf macro, RL_LIB_READLINE_VERSION, for use by other applications | |
446 | (bash doesn't use very much of what it returns). | |
447 | ||
448 | e. `set [-+]o nolog' is recognized as required by the latest POSIX drafts, | |
449 | but ignored. | |
450 | ||
451 | f. New read-only `shopt' option: login_shell. Set to non-zero value if the | |
452 | shell is a login shell. | |
453 | ||
454 | g. New `\A' prompt string escape sequence; expands to time in 24 HH:MM format. | |
455 | ||
456 | h. New `-A group/-g' option to complete and compgen; does group name | |
457 | completion. | |
458 | ||
459 | i. New `-t' option to `hash' to list hash values for each filename argument. | |
460 | ||
461 | j. New [-+]O invocation option to set and unset `shopt' options at startup. | |
462 | ||
463 | k. configure's `--with-installed-readline' option now takes an optional | |
464 | `=PATH' suffix to set the root of the tree where readline is installed | |
465 | to PATH. | |
466 | ||
467 | l. The ksh-like `ERR' trap has been added. The `ERR' trap will be run | |
468 | whenever the shell would have exited if the -e option were enabled. | |
469 | It is not inherited by shell functions. | |
470 | ||
471 | m. `readonly', `export', and `declare' now print variables which have been | |
472 | given attributes but not set by assigning a value as just a command and | |
473 | a variable name (like `export foo') when listing, as the latest POSIX | |
474 | drafts require. | |
475 | ||
476 | n. `bashbug' now requires that the subject be changed from the default. | |
477 | ||
478 | o. configure has a new `--enable-largefile' option, like other GNU utilities. | |
479 | ||
480 | p. `for' loops now allow empty word lists after `in', like the latest POSIX | |
481 | drafts require. | |
482 | ||
483 | q. The builtin `ulimit' now takes two new non-numeric arguments: `hard', | |
484 | meaning the current hard limit, and `soft', meaning the current soft | |
485 | limit, in addition to `unlimited' | |
486 | ||
487 | r. `ulimit' now prints the option letter associated with a particular | |
488 | resource when printing more than one limit. | |
489 | ||
490 | s. `ulimit' prints `hard' or `soft' when a value is not `unlimited' but is | |
491 | one of RLIM_SAVED_MAX or RLIM_SAVED_CUR, respectively. | |
492 | ||
493 | t. The `printf' builtin now handles the %a and %A conversions if they're | |
494 | implemented by printf(3). | |
495 | ||
496 | u. The `printf' builtin now handles the %F conversion (just about like %f). | |
497 | ||
498 | v. The `printf' builtin now handles the %n conversion like printf(3). The | |
499 | corresponding argument is the name of a shell variable to which the | |
500 | value is assigned. | |
501 | ||
502 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
503 | ||
504 | a. Added extern declaration for rl_get_termcap to readline.h, making it a | |
505 | public function (it was always there, just not in readline.h). | |
506 | ||
507 | b. New #defines in readline.h: RL_READLINE_VERSION, currently 0x0402, | |
508 | RL_VERSION_MAJOR, currently 4, and RL_VERSION_MINOR, currently 2. | |
509 | ||
510 | c. New readline variable: rl_readline_version, mirrors RL_READLINE_VERSION. | |
511 | ||
512 | d. New bindable boolean readline variable: match-hidden-files. Controls | |
513 | completion of files beginning with a `.' (on Unix). Enabled by default. | |
514 | ||
515 | e. The history expansion code now allows any character to terminate a | |
516 | `:first-' modifier, like csh. | |
517 | ||
518 | f. New bindable variable `history-preserve-point'. If set, the history | |
519 | code attempts to place the user at the same location on each history | |
520 | line retrived with previous-history or next-history. | |
521 | ||
522 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
28ef6c31 JA |
523 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.05 since |
524 | the release of bash-2.04. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
525 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
526 | ||
527 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
528 | ||
529 | a. Added a new `--init-file' invocation argument as a synonym for `--rcfile', | |
530 | per the new GNU coding standards. | |
531 | ||
532 | b. The /dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections now accept service names as well as | |
533 | port numbers. | |
534 | ||
535 | c. `complete' and `compgen' now take a `-o value' option, which controls some | |
536 | of the aspects of that compspec. Valid values are: | |
537 | ||
538 | default - perform bash default completion if programmable | |
539 | completion produces no matches | |
540 | dirnames - perform directory name completion if programmable | |
541 | completion produces no matches | |
542 | filenames - tell readline that the compspec produces filenames, | |
543 | so it can do things like append slashes to | |
544 | directory names and suppress trailing spaces | |
545 | ||
546 | d. A new loadable builtin, realpath, which canonicalizes and expands symlinks | |
547 | in pathname arguments. | |
548 | ||
549 | e. When `set' is called without options, it prints function defintions in a | |
550 | way that allows them to be reused as input. This affects `declare' and | |
551 | `declare -p' as well. This only happens when the shell is not in POSIX | |
552 | mode, since POSIX.2 forbids this behavior. | |
553 | ||
554 | f. Bash-2.05 once again honors the current locale setting when processing | |
555 | ranges within pattern matching bracket expressions (e.g., [A-Z]). | |
556 | ||
557 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
558 | ||
559 | a. The blink timeout for paren matching is now settable by applications, | |
560 | via the rl_set_paren_blink_timeout() function. | |
561 | ||
562 | b. _rl_executing_macro has been renamed to rl_executing_macro, which means | |
563 | it's now part of the public interface. | |
564 | ||
565 | c. Readline has a new variable, rl_readline_state, which is a bitmap that | |
566 | encapsulates the current state of the library; intended for use by | |
567 | callbacks and hook functions. | |
568 | ||
569 | d. New application-callable function rl_set_prompt(const char *prompt): | |
570 | expands its prompt string argument and sets rl_prompt to the result. | |
571 | ||
572 | e. New application-callable function rl_set_screen_size(int rows, int cols): | |
573 | public method for applications to set readline's idea of the screen | |
574 | dimensions. | |
575 | ||
576 | f. New function, rl_get_screen_size (int *rows, int *columns), returns | |
577 | readline's idea of the screen dimensions. | |
578 | ||
579 | g. The timeout in rl_gather_tyi (readline keyboard input polling function) | |
580 | is now settable via a function (rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout()). | |
581 | ||
582 | h. Renamed the max_input_history variable to history_max_entries; the old | |
583 | variable is maintained for backwards compatibility. | |
584 | ||
585 | i. The list of characters that separate words for the history tokenizer is | |
586 | now settable with a variable: history_word_delimiters. The default | |
587 | value is as before. | |
588 | ||
589 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
bb70624e JA |
590 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.04 since |
591 | the release of bash-2.03. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
592 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
593 | ||
594 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
595 | ||
596 | a. The history builtin has a `-d offset' option to delete the history entry | |
597 | at position `offset'. | |
598 | ||
599 | b. The prompt expansion code has two new escape sequences: \j, the number of | |
600 | active jobs; and \l, the basename of the shell's tty device name. | |
601 | ||
602 | c. The `bind' builtin has a new `-x' option to bind key sequences to shell | |
603 | commands. | |
604 | ||
605 | d. There is a new shell option, no_empty_command_completion, which, when | |
606 | enabled, disables command completion when TAB is typed on an empty line. | |
607 | ||
608 | e. The `help' builtin has a `-s' option to just print a builtin's usage | |
609 | synopsis. | |
610 | ||
611 | f. There are several new arithmetic operators: id++, id-- (variable | |
f73dda09 | 612 | post-increment/decrement), ++id, --id (variable pre-increment/decrement), |
bb70624e JA |
613 | expr1 , expr2 (comma operator). |
614 | ||
615 | g. There is a new ksh-93 style arithmetic for command: | |
616 | for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done | |
617 | ||
618 | h. The `read' builtin has a number of new options: | |
619 | -t timeout only wait timeout seconds for input | |
620 | -n nchars only read nchars from input instead of a full line | |
621 | -d delim read until delim rather than newline | |
622 | -s don't echo input chars as they are read | |
623 | ||
624 | i. The redirection code now handles several filenames specially: | |
625 | /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, and /dev/stderr, whether or | |
626 | not they are present in the file system. | |
627 | ||
628 | j. The redirection code now recognizes pathnames of the form | |
629 | /dev/tcp/host/port and /dev/udp/host/port, and tries to open a socket | |
630 | of the appropriate type to the specified port on the specified host. | |
631 | ||
632 | k. The ksh-93 ${!prefix*} expansion, which expands to the names of all | |
633 | shell variables with prefix PREFIX, has been implemented. | |
634 | ||
635 | l. There is a new dynamic variable, FUNCNAME, which expands to the name of | |
636 | a currently-executing function. Assignments to FUNCNAME have no effect. | |
637 | ||
638 | m. The GROUPS variable is no longer readonly; assignments to it are silently | |
639 | discarded. This means it can be unset. | |
640 | ||
641 | n. A new programmable completion facility, with two new builtin commands: | |
642 | complete and compgen. | |
643 | ||
644 | o. configure has a new option, `--enable-progcomp', to compile in the | |
645 | programmable completion features (enabled by default). | |
646 | ||
647 | p. `shopt' has a new option, `progcomp', to enable and disable programmable | |
648 | completion at runtime. | |
649 | ||
650 | q. Unsetting HOSTFILE now clears the list of hostnames used for completion. | |
651 | ||
652 | r. configure has a new option, `--enable-bash-malloc', replacing the old | |
653 | `--with-gnu-malloc' (which is still present for backwards compatibility). | |
654 | ||
655 | s. There is a new manual page describing rbash, the restricted shell. | |
656 | ||
657 | t. `bashbug' has new `--help' and `--version' options. | |
658 | ||
659 | u. `shopt' has a new `xpg_echo' option, which controls the behavior of | |
660 | `echo' with respect to backslash-escaped characters at runtime. | |
661 | ||
662 | v. If NON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS is defined, all login shells read the | |
663 | startup files, even if they are not interactive. | |
664 | ||
665 | w. The LC_NUMERIC variable is now treated specially, and used to set the | |
666 | LC_NUMERIC locale category for number formatting, e.g., when `printf' | |
667 | displays floating-point numbers. | |
668 | ||
669 | 2. New features in Readline | |
670 | ||
671 | a. Parentheses matching is now always compiled into readline, and enabled | |
672 | or disabled when the value of the `blink-matching-paren' variable is | |
673 | changed. | |
674 | ||
675 | b. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_inputrc as the last-ditch inputrc filename. | |
676 | ||
677 | c. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_history as the default history file. | |
678 | ||
679 | d. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the point at the end of the | |
680 | line when the string to search for is empty, like | |
681 | {reverse,forward}-search-history. | |
682 | ||
683 | e. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the last history line found | |
684 | in the readline buffer if the second or subsequent search fails. | |
685 | ||
686 | f. New function for use by applications: rl_on_new_line_with_prompt, used | |
687 | when an application displays the prompt itself before calling readline(). | |
688 | ||
689 | g. New variable for use by applications: rl_already_prompted. An application | |
690 | that displays the prompt itself before calling readline() must set this to | |
691 | a non-zero value. | |
692 | ||
693 | h. A new variable, rl_gnu_readline_p, always 1. The intent is that an | |
694 | application can verify whether or not it is linked with the `real' | |
695 | readline library or some substitute. | |
696 | ||
697 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
b72432fd JA |
698 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.03 since |
699 | the release of bash-2.02. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
700 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
701 | ||
702 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
703 | ||
704 | a. New `shopt' option, `restricted_shell', indicating whether or not the | |
705 | shell was started in restricted mode, for use in startup files. | |
706 | ||
707 | b. Filename generation is now performed on the words between ( and ) in | |
708 | array assignments (which it probably should have done all along). | |
709 | ||
710 | c. OLDPWD is now auto-exported, as POSIX.2 seems to require. | |
711 | ||
712 | d. ENV and BASH_ENV are read-only variables in a restricted shell. | |
713 | ||
714 | e. A change was made to the startup file code so that any shell begun with | |
715 | the `--login' option, even non-interactive shells, will source the login | |
716 | shell startup files. | |
717 | ||
718 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
719 | ||
720 | a. Many changes to the signal handling: | |
721 | o Readline now catches SIGQUIT and cleans up the tty before returning; | |
722 | o A new variable, rl_catch_signals, is available to application writers | |
723 | to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its own | |
724 | signal handlers for SIGINT, SIGTERM, SIGQUIT, SIGALRM, SIGTSTP, | |
725 | SIGTTIN, and SIGTTOU; | |
726 | o A new variable, rl_catch_sigwinch, is available to application | |
727 | writers to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its | |
728 | own signal handler for SIGWINCH, which will chain to the calling | |
729 | applications's SIGWINCH handler, if one is installed; | |
730 | o There is a new function, rl_free_line_state, for application signal | |
731 | handlers to call to free up the state associated with the current | |
732 | line after receiving a signal; | |
733 | o There is a new function, rl_cleanup_after_signal, to clean up the | |
734 | display and terminal state after receiving a signal; | |
735 | o There is a new function, rl_reset_after_signal, to reinitialize the | |
736 | terminal and display state after an application signal handler | |
737 | returns and readline continues | |
738 | ||
739 | b. There is a new function, rl_resize_terminal, to reset readline's idea of | |
740 | the screen size after a SIGWINCH. | |
741 | ||
742 | c. New public functions: rl_save_prompt and rl_restore_prompt. These were | |
743 | previously private functions with a `_' prefix. | |
744 | ||
745 | d. New function hook: rl_pre_input_hook, called just before readline starts | |
746 | reading input, after initialization. | |
747 | ||
748 | e. New function hook: rl_display_matches_hook, called when readline would | |
749 | display the list of completion matches. The new function | |
750 | rl_display_match_list is what readline uses internally, and is available | |
751 | for use by application functions called via this hook. | |
752 | ||
753 | f. New bindable function, delete-char-or-list, like tcsh. | |
754 | ||
755 | g. A new variable, rl_erase_empty_line, which, if set by an application using | |
756 | readline, will cause readline to erase, prompt and all, lines on which the | |
757 | only thing typed was a newline. | |
758 | ||
759 | h. New bindable variable: `isearch-terminators'. | |
760 | ||
761 | i. New bindable function: `forward-backward-delete-char' (unbound by default). | |
762 | ||
763 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
cce855bc JA |
764 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.02 since |
765 | the release of bash-2.01.1. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
766 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
767 | ||
768 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
769 | ||
770 | a. A new version of malloc, based on the older GNU malloc, that has many | |
771 | changes, is more page-based, is more conservative with memory usage, | |
772 | and does not `orphan' large blocks when they are freed. | |
773 | ||
774 | b. A new version of gmalloc, based on the old GLIBC malloc, with many | |
775 | changes and range checking included by default. | |
776 | ||
777 | c. A new implementation of fnmatch(3) that includes full POSIX.2 Basic | |
778 | Regular Expression matching, including character classes, collating | |
779 | symbols, equivalence classes, and support for case-insensitive pattern | |
780 | matching. | |
781 | ||
782 | d. ksh-88 egrep-style extended pattern matching ([@+*?!](patlist)) has been | |
783 | implemented, controlled by a new `shopt' option, `extglob'. | |
784 | ||
785 | e. There is a new ksh-like `[[' compound command, which implements | |
786 | extended `test' functionality. | |
787 | ||
788 | f. There is a new `printf' builtin, implemented according to the POSIX.2 | |
789 | specification. | |
790 | ||
791 | g. There is a new feature for command substitution: $(< filename) now expands | |
792 | to the contents of `filename', with any trailing newlines removed | |
793 | (equivalent to $(cat filename)). | |
794 | ||
795 | h. There are new tilde prefixes which expand to directories from the | |
796 | directory stack. | |
797 | ||
798 | i. There is a new `**' arithmetic operator to do exponentiation. | |
799 | ||
800 | j. There are new configuration options to control how bash is linked: | |
801 | `--enable-profiling', to allow bash to be profiled with gprof, and | |
802 | `--enable-static-link', to allow bash to be linked statically. | |
803 | ||
804 | k. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-cond-command', which | |
805 | controls whether or not the `[[' command is included. It is on by | |
806 | default. | |
807 | ||
808 | l. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-extended-glob', which | |
809 | controls whether or not the ksh extended globbing feature is included. | |
810 | It is enabled by default. | |
811 | ||
812 | m. There is a new configuration #define in config.h.top that, when enabled, | |
813 | will cause all login shells to source /etc/profile and one of the user- | |
814 | specific login shell startup files, whether or not the shell is | |
815 | interactive. | |
816 | ||
817 | n. There is a new invocation option, `--dump-po-strings', to dump | |
818 | a shell script's translatable strings ($"...") in GNU `po' format. | |
819 | ||
820 | o. There is a new `shopt' option, `nocaseglob', to enable case-insensitive | |
821 | pattern matching when globbing filenames and using the `case' construct. | |
822 | ||
823 | p. There is a new `shopt' option, `huponexit', which, when enabled, causes | |
824 | the shell to send SIGHUP to all jobs when an interactive login shell | |
825 | exits. | |
826 | ||
827 | q. `bind' has a new `-u' option, which takes a readline function name as an | |
828 | argument and unbinds all key sequences bound to that function in a | |
829 | specified keymap. | |
830 | ||
831 | r. `disown' now has `-a' and `-r' options, to limit operation to all jobs | |
832 | and running jobs, respectively. | |
833 | ||
834 | s. The `shopt' `-p' option now causes output to be displayed in a reusable | |
835 | format. | |
836 | ||
837 | t. `test' has a new `-N' option, which returns true if the filename argument | |
838 | has been modified since it was last accessed. | |
839 | ||
840 | u. `umask' now has a `-p' option to print output in a reusable format. | |
841 | ||
842 | v. A new escape sequence, `\xNNN', has been added to the `echo -e' and $'...' | |
843 | translation code. It expands to the character whose ascii code is NNN | |
844 | in hexadecimal. | |
845 | ||
846 | w. The prompt string expansion code has a new `\r' escape sequence. | |
847 | ||
848 | x. The shell may now be cross-compiled for the CYGWIN32 environment on | |
849 | a Unix machine. | |
850 | ||
851 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
852 | ||
853 | a. There is now an option for `iterative' yank-last-arg handline, so a user | |
854 | can keep entering `M-.', yanking the last argument of successive history | |
855 | lines. | |
856 | ||
857 | b. New variable, `print-completions-horizontally', which causes completion | |
858 | matches to be displayed across the screen (like `ls -x') rather than up | |
859 | and down the screen (like `ls'). | |
860 | ||
861 | c. New variable, `completion-ignore-case', which causes filename completion | |
862 | and matching to be performed case-insensitively. | |
863 | ||
864 | d. There is a new bindable command, `magic-space', which causes history | |
865 | expansion to be performed on the current readline buffer and a space to | |
866 | be inserted into the result. | |
867 | ||
868 | e. There is a new bindable command, `menu-complete', which enables tcsh-like | |
869 | menu completion (successive executions of menu-complete insert a single | |
870 | completion match, cycling through the list of possible completions). | |
871 | ||
872 | f. There is a new bindable command, `paste-from-clipboard', for use on Win32 | |
873 | systems, to insert the text from the Win32 clipboard into the editing | |
874 | buffer. | |
875 | ||
876 | g. The key sequence translation code now understands printf-style backslash | |
877 | escape sequences, including \NNN octal escapes. These escape sequences | |
878 | may be used in key sequence definitions or macro values. | |
879 | ||
880 | h. An `$include' inputrc file parser directive has been added. | |
881 | ||
882 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
d166f048 JA |
883 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.01 since |
884 | the release of bash-2.0. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is the | |
885 | place to look for complete descriptions. | |
886 | ||
887 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
888 | ||
889 | a. There is a new builtin array variable: GROUPS, the set of groups to which | |
890 | the user belongs. This is used by the test suite. | |
891 | ||
892 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
893 | ||
894 | a. If a key sequence bound to `universal-argument' is read while reading a | |
895 | numeric argument started with `universal-argument', it terminates the | |
896 | argument but is otherwise ignored. This provides a way to insert multiple | |
897 | instances of a digit string, and is how GNU emacs does it. | |
898 | ||
899 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
ccc6cda3 JA |
900 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.0 since |
901 | the release of bash-1.14.7. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
902 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
726f6388 | 903 | |
ccc6cda3 | 904 | 1. New Features in Bash |
726f6388 | 905 | |
ccc6cda3 JA |
906 | a. There is a new invocation option, -D, that dumps translatable strings |
907 | in a script. | |
726f6388 | 908 | |
ccc6cda3 JA |
909 | b. The `long' invocation options must now be prefixed with `--'. |
910 | ||
911 | c. New long invocation options: --dump-strings, --help, --verbose | |
912 | ||
913 | d. The `nolineediting' invocation option was renamed to `noediting'. | |
914 | ||
915 | e. The `nobraceexpansion' and `quiet' long invocation options were removed. | |
916 | ||
917 | f. The `--help' and `--version' long options now work as the GNU coding | |
918 | standards specify. | |
919 | ||
920 | g. If invoked as `sh', bash now enters posix mode after reading the | |
921 | startup files, and reads and executes commands from the file named | |
922 | by $ENV if interactive (as POSIX.2 specifies). A login shell invoked | |
923 | as `sh' reads $ENV after /etc/profile and ~/.profile. | |
924 | ||
925 | h. There is a new reserved word, `time', for timing pipelines, builtin | |
926 | commands, and shell functions. It uses the value of the TIMEFORMAT | |
927 | variable as a format string describing how to print the timing | |
928 | statistics. | |
929 | ||
930 | i. The $'...' quoting syntax expands ANSI-C escapes in ... and leaves the | |
931 | result single-quoted. | |
932 | ||
933 | j. The $"..." quoting syntax performs locale-specific translation of ... | |
934 | and leaves the result double-quoted. | |
935 | ||
936 | k. LINENO now works correctly in functions. | |
937 | ||
938 | l. New variables: DIRSTACK, PIPESTATUS, BASH_VERSINFO, HOSTNAME, SHELLOPTS, | |
939 | MACHTYPE. The first three are array variables. | |
940 | ||
941 | m. The BASH_VERSION and BASH_VERSINFO variables now include the shell's | |
942 | `release status' (alpha[N], beta[N], release). | |
943 | ||
944 | n. Some variables have been removed: MAIL_WARNING, notify, history_control, | |
945 | command_oriented_history, glob_dot_filenames, allow_null_glob_expansion, | |
946 | nolinks, hostname_completion_file, noclobber, no_exit_on_failed_exec, and | |
947 | cdable_vars. Most of them are now implemented with the new `shopt' | |
948 | builtin; others were already implemented by `set'. | |
949 | ||
950 | o. Bash now uses some new variables: LC_ALL, LC_MESSAGES, LC_CTYPE, | |
951 | LC_COLLATE, LANG, GLOBIGNORE, HISTIGNORE. | |
952 | ||
953 | p. The shell now supports integer-indexed arrays of unlimited length, | |
954 | with a new compound assignment syntax and changes to the appropriate | |
955 | builtin commands (declare/typeset, read, readonly, etc.). The array | |
956 | index may be an arithmetic expression. | |
957 | ||
958 | q. ${!var}: indirect variable expansion, equivalent to eval \${$var}. | |
959 | ||
960 | r. ${paramter:offset[:length]}: variable substring extraction. | |
961 | ||
962 | s. ${parameter/pattern[/[/]string]}: variable pattern substitution. | |
963 | ||
964 | t. The $[...] arithmetic expansion syntax is no longer supported, in | |
965 | favor of $((...)). | |
966 | ||
967 | u. Aliases can now be expanded in shell scripts with a shell option | |
968 | (shopt expand_aliases). | |
969 | ||
970 | v. History and history expansion can now be used in scripts with | |
971 | set -o history and set -H. | |
972 | ||
973 | w. All builtins now return an exit status of 2 for incorrect usage. | |
974 | ||
975 | x. Interactive shells resend SIGHUP to all running or stopped children | |
976 | if (and only if) they exit due to a SIGHUP. | |
977 | ||
978 | y. New prompting expansions: \a, \e, \H, \T, \@, \v, \V. | |
979 | ||
980 | z. Variable expansion in prompt strings is now controllable via a shell | |
981 | option (shopt promptvars). | |
982 | ||
983 | aa. Bash now defaults to using command-oriented history. | |
984 | ||
985 | bb. The history file ($HISTFILE) is now truncated to $HISTFILESIZE after | |
986 | being written. | |
987 | ||
988 | cc. The POSIX.2 conditional arithmetic evaluation syntax (expr ? expr : expr) | |
989 | has been implemented. | |
990 | ||
991 | dd. Each builtin now accepts `--' to signify the end of the options, except | |
992 | as documented (echo, etc.). | |
993 | ||
994 | ee. All builtins use -p to display values in a re-readable format where | |
995 | appropriate, except as documented (echo, type, etc.). | |
996 | ||
997 | ff. The `alias' builtin has a new -p option. | |
998 | ||
999 | gg. Changes to the `bind' builtin: | |
1000 | o has new options: -psPSVr. | |
1001 | o the `-d' option was renamed to `-p' | |
1002 | o the `-v' option now dumps variables; the old `-v' is now `-P' | |
1003 | ||
1004 | hh. The `bye' synonym for `exit' was removed. | |
1005 | ||
1006 | ii. The -L and -P options to `cd' and `pwd' have been documented. | |
1007 | ||
1008 | jj. The `cd' builtin now does spelling correction on the directory name | |
1009 | by default. This is settable with a shell option (shopt cdspell). | |
1010 | ||
1011 | kk. The `declare' builtin has new options: -a, -F, -p. | |
1012 | ||
1013 | ll. The `dirs' builtin has new options: -c, -p, -v. | |
1014 | ||
1015 | mm. The new `disown' builtin removes jobs from the shell's jobs table | |
1016 | or inhibits the resending of SIGHUP when the shell receives a | |
1017 | SIGHUP. | |
1018 | ||
1019 | nn. The `echo' builtin has a new escape character: \e. | |
1020 | ||
1021 | oo. The `enable' builtin can now load new builtins dynamically from shared | |
1022 | objects on systems with the dlopen/dlsym interface. There are a number | |
1023 | of examples in the examples/loadables directory. There are also | |
1024 | new options: -d, -f, -s, -p. | |
1025 | ||
1026 | pp. The `-all' option to `enable' was removed in favor of `-a'. | |
1027 | ||
1028 | qq. The `exec' builtin has new options: -l, -c, -a. | |
1029 | ||
1030 | rr. The `hash' builtin has a new option: -p. | |
1031 | ||
1032 | ss. The `history' builtin has new options: -c, -p, -s. | |
1033 | ||
1034 | tt. The `jobs' builtin has new options: -r, -s. | |
1035 | ||
1036 | uu. The `kill' builtin has new options: -n signum, -l signame. | |
1037 | ||
1038 | vv. The `pushd' and `popd' builtins have a new option: -n. | |
1039 | ||
1040 | ww. The `read' builtin has new options: -p prompt, -e, -a. | |
1041 | ||
1042 | xx. The `readonly' builtin has a new -a option, and the -n option was removed. | |
1043 | ||
1044 | yy. Changes to the `set' builtin: | |
1045 | o new options: -B, -o keyword, -o onecmd, -o history | |
1046 | o options removed: -l, -d, -o nohash | |
1047 | o options changed: +o, -h, -o hashall | |
1048 | o now displays variables in a format that can be re-read as input | |
1049 | ||
1050 | zz. The new `shopt' builtin controls shell optional behavior previously | |
1051 | done by setting and unsetting certain shell variables. | |
1052 | ||
1053 | aaa. The `test' builtin has new operators: -o option, s1 == s2, s1 < s2, | |
1054 | and s1 > s2, where s1 and s2 are strings. | |
1055 | ||
1056 | bbb. There is a new trap, DEBUG, executed after every simple command. | |
1057 | ||
1058 | ccc. The `trap' builtin has a new -p option. | |
1059 | ||
1060 | ddd. The `ulimit' builtin has a new -l option on 4.4BSD-based systems. | |
1061 | ||
1062 | eee. The PS1, PS2, PATH, and IFS variables may now be unset. | |
1063 | ||
1064 | fff. The restricted shell mode has been expanded and is now documented. | |
1065 | ||
1066 | ggg. Security improvements: | |
1067 | o functions are not imported from the environment if running setuid | |
1068 | or with -p | |
1069 | o no startup files are sourced if running setuid or with -p | |
1070 | ||
1071 | hhh. The documentation has been overhauled: the texinfo manual was | |
1072 | expanded, and HTML versions of the man page and texinfo manual | |
1073 | are included. | |
1074 | ||
1075 | iii. Changes to Posix mode: | |
1076 | o Command lookup now finds special builtins before shell functions. | |
1077 | o Failure of a special builtin causes a non-interactive shell to | |
1078 | exit. Failures are defined in the POSIX.2 specification. | |
1079 | o If the `cd' builtin finds a directory to change to using $CDPATH, | |
1080 | the value assigned to PWD when `cd' completes does not contain | |
1081 | any symbolic links. | |
1082 | o A non-interactive shell exits if a variable assignment error | |
1083 | occurs when no command name follows the assignment statements. | |
1084 | o A non-interactive shell exits if the interation variable in a | |
1085 | `for' statement or the selection variable in a `select' statement | |
1086 | is read-only or another variable assignment error occurs. | |
1087 | o The `<>' redirection operator now opens a file for both stdin and | |
1088 | stdout by default, not just when in posix mode. | |
1089 | o Assignment statements preceding special builtins now persist in | |
1090 | the shell's environment when the builtin completes. | |
1091 | ||
1092 | Posix mode is now completely POSIX.2-compliant (modulo bugs). When | |
1093 | invoked as sh, bash should be completely POSIX.2-compliant. | |
1094 | ||
1095 | jjj. The default value of PS1 is now "\s-\v\$ ". | |
1096 | ||
1097 | kkk. The ksh-like ((...)) arithmetic command syntax has been implemented. | |
1098 | This is exactly equivalent to `let "..."'. | |
1099 | ||
1100 | lll. Integer constants have been extended to base 64. | |
1101 | ||
1102 | mmm. The `ulimit' builtin now sets both hard and soft limits and reports the | |
1103 | soft limit by default. | |
1104 | ||
1105 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
1106 | ||
1107 | a. New variables: enable-keypad, input-meta (new name for meta-flag), | |
1108 | mark-directories, visible-stats (now documented), disable-completion, | |
1109 | comment-begin. | |
1110 | ||
1111 | b. New bindable commands: kill-region, copy-region-as-kill, | |
1112 | copy-backward-word, copy-forward-word, set-mark, exchange-point-and-mark, | |
1113 | character-search, character-search-backward, insert-comment, | |
1114 | glob-expand-word, glob-list-expansions, dump-variables, dump-macros. | |
1115 | ||
1116 | c. New emacs keybindings: delete-horizontal-space (M-\), | |
1117 | insert-completions (M-*), possible-completions (M-=). | |
1118 | ||
1119 | d. The history-search-backward and history-search-forward commands were | |
1120 | modified to be the same as previous-line and next-line if point is at | |
1121 | the start of the line. | |
1122 | ||
1123 | e. More file types are available for the visible-stats mode. | |
1124 | ||
1125 | 3. Changes of interest in the Bash implementation | |
1126 | ||
1127 | a. There is a new autoconf-based configuration mechanism. | |
1128 | ||
1129 | b. More things have been moved from Posix mode to standard shell behavior. | |
1130 | ||
1131 | c. The trace output (set -x) now inserts quotes where necessary so it can | |
1132 | be reused as input. | |
1133 | ||
1134 | d. There is a compile-time option for a system-wide interactive shell | |
1135 | startup file (disabled by default). | |
1136 | ||
1137 | e. The YACC grammar is smaller and tighter, and all 66 shift-reduce | |
1138 | conflicts are gone. Several parsing bugs have been fixed. | |
1139 | ||
1140 | f. Builtin option parsing has been regularized (using internal_getopt()), | |
1141 | with the exception of `echo', `type', and `set'. | |
1142 | ||
1143 | g. Builtins now return standard usage messages constructed from the | |
1144 | `short doc' used by the help builtin. | |
1145 | ||
1146 | h. Completion now quotes using backslashes by default, but honors | |
1147 | user-supplied quotes. | |
1148 | ||
1149 | i. The GNU libc malloc is available as a configure-time option. | |
1150 | ||
1151 | j. There are more internationalization features; bash uses gettext if | |
1152 | it is available. The $"..." translation syntax uses the current | |
1153 | locale and gettext. | |
1154 | ||
1155 | k. There is better reporting of job termination when the shell is not | |
1156 | interactive. | |
1157 | ||
1158 | l. The shell is somewhat more efficient: it uses a little less memory and | |
1159 | makes fewer system calls. | |
1160 | ||
1161 | 4. Changes of interest in the Readline implementation | |
1162 | ||
1163 | a. There is now support for readline `callback' functions. | |
1164 | ||
1165 | b. There is now support for user-supplied input, redisplay, and terminal | |
1166 | preparation functions. | |
1167 | ||
1168 | c. Most of the shell-specific code in readline has been generalized or | |
1169 | removed. | |
1170 | ||
1171 | d. Most of the annoying redisplay bugs have been fixed, notably the problems | |
1172 | with incremental search and excessive redrawing when special characters | |
1173 | appear in the prompt string. | |
1174 | ||
1175 | e. There are new library functions and variables available to application | |
1176 | writers, most having to do with completion and quoting. | |
1177 | ||
1178 | f. The NEWLINE character (^J) is now treated as a search terminator by the | |
1179 | incremental search functions. |