cups/language.c

   1 /*
   2  * I18N/language support for CUPS.
   3  *
   4  * Copyright 2007-2017 by Apple Inc.
   5  * Copyright 1997-2007 by Easy Software Products.
   6  *
   7  * Licensed under Apache License v2.0.  See the file "LICENSE" for more information.
   8  */
   9
  10 /*
  11  * Include necessary headers...
  12  */
  13
  14 #include "cups-private.h"
  15 #include "debug-internal.h"
  16 #ifdef HAVE_LANGINFO_H
  17 #  include <langinfo.h>
  18 #endif /* HAVE_LANGINFO_H */
  19 #ifdef _WIN32
  20 #  include <io.h>
  21 #else
  22 #  include <unistd.h>
  23 #endif /* _WIN32 */
  24 #ifdef HAVE_COREFOUNDATION_H
  25 #  include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
  26 #endif /* HAVE_COREFOUNDATION_H */
  27
  28
  29 /*
  30  * Local globals...
  31  */
  32
  33 static _cups_mutex_t    lang_mutex = _CUPS_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
  34                                         /* Mutex to control access to cache */
  35 static cups_lang_t      *lang_cache = NULL;
  36                                         /* Language string cache */
  37 static const char * const lang_encodings[] =
  38                         {               /* Encoding strings */
  39                           "us-ascii",           "iso-8859-1",
  40                           "iso-8859-2",         "iso-8859-3",
  41                           "iso-8859-4",         "iso-8859-5",
  42                           "iso-8859-6",         "iso-8859-7",
  43                           "iso-8859-8",         "iso-8859-9",
  44                           "iso-8859-10",        "utf-8",
  45                           "iso-8859-13",        "iso-8859-14",
  46                           "iso-8859-15",        "cp874",
  47                           "cp1250",             "cp1251",
  48                           "cp1252",             "cp1253",
  49                           "cp1254",             "cp1255",
  50                           "cp1256",             "cp1257",
  51                           "cp1258",             "koi8-r",
  52                           "koi8-u",             "iso-8859-11",
  53                           "iso-8859-16",        "mac",
  54                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  55                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  56                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  57                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  58                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  59                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  60                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  61                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  62                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  63                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  64                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  65                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  66                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  67                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  68                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  69                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  70                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  71                           "cp932",              "cp936",
  72                           "cp949",              "cp950",
  73                           "cp1361",             "unknown",
  74                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  75                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  76                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  77                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  78                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  79                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  80                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  81                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  82                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  83                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  84                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  85                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  86                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  87                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  88                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  89                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  90                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  91                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  92                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  93                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  94                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  95                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  96                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  97                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  98                           "unknown",            "unknown",
  99                           "unknown",            "unknown",
 100                           "unknown",            "unknown",
 101                           "unknown",            "unknown",
 102                           "unknown",            "unknown",
 103                           "euc-cn",             "euc-jp",
 104                           "euc-kr",             "euc-tw",
 105                           "shift_jisx0213"
 106                         };
 107
 108 #ifdef __APPLE__
 109 typedef struct
 110 {
 111   const char * const language;          /* Language ID */
 112   const char * const locale;            /* Locale ID */
 113 } _apple_language_locale_t;
 114
 115 static const _apple_language_locale_t apple_language_locale[] =
 116 {                                       /* Language to locale ID LUT */
 117   { "en",         "en_US" },
 118   { "nb",         "no" },
 119   { "nb_NO",      "no" },
 120   { "zh-Hans",    "zh_CN" },
 121   { "zh_HANS",    "zh_CN" },
 122   { "zh-Hant",    "zh_TW" },
 123   { "zh_HANT",    "zh_TW" },
 124   { "zh-Hant_CN", "zh_TW" }
 125 };
 126 #endif /* __APPLE__ */
 127
 128
 129 /*
 130  * Local functions...
 131  */
 132
 133
 134 #ifdef __APPLE__
 135 static const char       *appleLangDefault(void);
 136 #  ifdef CUPS_BUNDLEDIR
 137 #    ifndef CF_RETURNS_RETAINED
 138 #      if __has_feature(attribute_cf_returns_retained)
 139 #        define CF_RETURNS_RETAINED __attribute__((cf_returns_retained))
 140 #      else
 141 #        define CF_RETURNS_RETAINED
 142 #      endif /* __has_feature(attribute_cf_returns_retained) */
 143 #    endif /* !CF_RETURNED_RETAINED */
 144 static cups_array_t     *appleMessageLoad(const char *locale) CF_RETURNS_RETAINED;
 145 #  endif /* CUPS_BUNDLEDIR */
 146 #endif /* __APPLE__ */
 147 static cups_lang_t      *cups_cache_lookup(const char *name, cups_encoding_t encoding);
 148 static int              cups_message_compare(_cups_message_t *m1, _cups_message_t *m2);
 149 static void             cups_message_free(_cups_message_t *m);
 150 static void             cups_message_load(cups_lang_t *lang);
 151 static void             cups_message_puts(cups_file_t *fp, const char *s);
 152 static int              cups_read_strings(cups_file_t *fp, int flags, cups_array_t *a);
 153 static void             cups_unquote(char *d, const char *s);
 154
 155
 156 #ifdef __APPLE__
 157 /*
 158  * '_cupsAppleLanguage()' - Get the Apple language identifier associated with a
 159  *                          locale ID.
 160  */
 161
 162 const char *                            /* O - Language ID */
 163 _cupsAppleLanguage(const char *locale,  /* I - Locale ID */
 164                    char       *language,/* I - Language ID buffer */
 165                    size_t     langsize) /* I - Size of language ID buffer */
 166 {
 167   int           i;                      /* Looping var */
 168   CFStringRef   localeid,               /* CF locale identifier */
 169                 langid;                 /* CF language identifier */
 170
 171
 172  /*
 173   * Copy the locale name and convert, as needed, to the Apple-specific
 174   * locale identifier...
 175   */
 176
 177   switch (strlen(locale))
 178   {
 179     default :
 180         /*
 181          * Invalid locale...
 182          */
 183
 184          strlcpy(language, "en", langsize);
 185          break;
 186
 187     case 2 :
 188         strlcpy(language, locale, langsize);
 189         break;
 190
 191     case 5 :
 192         strlcpy(language, locale, langsize);
 193
 194         if (language[2] == '-')
 195         {
 196          /*
 197           * Convert ll-cc to ll_CC...
 198           */
 199
 200           language[2] = '_';
 201           language[3] = (char)toupper(language[3] & 255);
 202           language[4] = (char)toupper(language[4] & 255);
 203         }
 204         break;
 205   }
 206
 207   for (i = 0;
 208        i < (int)(sizeof(apple_language_locale) /
 209                  sizeof(apple_language_locale[0]));
 210        i ++)
 211     if (!strcmp(locale, apple_language_locale[i].locale))
 212     {
 213       strlcpy(language, apple_language_locale[i].language, sizeof(language));
 214       break;
 215     }
 216
 217  /*
 218   * Attempt to map the locale ID to a language ID...
 219   */
 220
 221   if ((localeid = CFStringCreateWithCString(kCFAllocatorDefault, language,
 222                                             kCFStringEncodingASCII)) != NULL)
 223   {
 224     if ((langid = CFLocaleCreateCanonicalLanguageIdentifierFromString(
 225                       kCFAllocatorDefault, localeid)) != NULL)
 226     {
 227       CFStringGetCString(langid, language, (CFIndex)langsize, kCFStringEncodingASCII);
 228       CFRelease(langid);
 229     }
 230
 231     CFRelease(localeid);
 232   }
 233
 234  /*
 235   * Return what we got...
 236   */
 237
 238   return (language);
 239 }
 240
 241
 242 /*
 243  * '_cupsAppleLocale()' - Get the locale associated with an Apple language ID.
 244  */
 245
 246 const char *                                    /* O - Locale */
 247 _cupsAppleLocale(CFStringRef languageName,      /* I - Apple language ID */
 248                  char        *locale,           /* I - Buffer for locale */
 249                  size_t      localesize)        /* I - Size of buffer */
 250 {
 251   int           i;                      /* Looping var */
 252   CFStringRef   localeName;             /* Locale as a CF string */
 253 #ifdef DEBUG
 254   char          temp[1024];             /* Temporary string */
 255
 256
 257   if (!CFStringGetCString(languageName, temp, (CFIndex)sizeof(temp), kCFStringEncodingASCII))
 258     temp[0] = '\0';
 259
 260   DEBUG_printf(("_cupsAppleLocale(languageName=%p(%s), locale=%p, localsize=%d)", (void *)languageName, temp, (void *)locale, (int)localesize));
 261 #endif /* DEBUG */
 262
 263   localeName = CFLocaleCreateCanonicalLocaleIdentifierFromString(kCFAllocatorDefault, languageName);
 264
 265   if (localeName)
 266   {
 267    /*
 268     * Copy the locale name and tweak as needed...
 269     */
 270
 271     if (!CFStringGetCString(localeName, locale, (CFIndex)localesize, kCFStringEncodingASCII))
 272       *locale = '\0';
 273
 274     DEBUG_printf(("_cupsAppleLocale: locale=\"%s\"", locale));
 275
 276     CFRelease(localeName);
 277
 278    /*
 279     * Map new language identifiers to locales...
 280     */
 281
 282     for (i = 0;
 283          i < (int)(sizeof(apple_language_locale) /
 284                    sizeof(apple_language_locale[0]));
 285          i ++)
 286     {
 287       size_t len = strlen(apple_language_locale[i].language);
 288
 289       if (!strcmp(locale, apple_language_locale[i].language) ||
 290           (!strncmp(locale, apple_language_locale[i].language, len) && (locale[len] == '_' || locale[len] == '-')))
 291       {
 292         DEBUG_printf(("_cupsAppleLocale: Updating locale to \"%s\".", apple_language_locale[i].locale));
 293         strlcpy(locale, apple_language_locale[i].locale, localesize);
 294         break;
 295       }
 296     }
 297   }
 298   else
 299   {
 300    /*
 301     * Just try the Apple language name...
 302     */
 303
 304     if (!CFStringGetCString(languageName, locale, (CFIndex)localesize, kCFStringEncodingASCII))
 305       *locale = '\0';
 306   }
 307
 308   if (!*locale)
 309   {
 310     DEBUG_puts("_cupsAppleLocale: Returning NULL.");
 311     return (NULL);
 312   }
 313
 314  /*
 315   * Convert language subtag into region subtag...
 316   */
 317
 318   if (locale[2] == '-')
 319     locale[2] = '_';
 320   else if (locale[3] == '-')
 321     locale[3] = '_';
 322
 323   if (!strchr(locale, '.'))
 324     strlcat(locale, ".UTF-8", localesize);
 325
 326   DEBUG_printf(("_cupsAppleLocale: Returning \"%s\".", locale));
 327
 328   return (locale);
 329 }
 330 #endif /* __APPLE__ */
 331
 332
 333 /*
 334  * '_cupsEncodingName()' - Return the character encoding name string
 335  *                         for the given encoding enumeration.
 336  */
 337
 338 const char *                            /* O - Character encoding */
 339 _cupsEncodingName(
 340     cups_encoding_t encoding)           /* I - Encoding value */
 341 {
 342   if (encoding < CUPS_US_ASCII ||
 343       encoding >= (cups_encoding_t)(sizeof(lang_encodings) / sizeof(lang_encodings[0])))
 344   {
 345     DEBUG_printf(("1_cupsEncodingName(encoding=%d) = out of range (\"%s\")",
 346                   encoding, lang_encodings[0]));
 347     return (lang_encodings[0]);
 348   }
 349   else
 350   {
 351     DEBUG_printf(("1_cupsEncodingName(encoding=%d) = \"%s\"",
 352                   encoding, lang_encodings[encoding]));
 353     return (lang_encodings[encoding]);
 354   }
 355 }
 356
 357
 358 /*
 359  * 'cupsLangDefault()' - Return the default language.
 360  */
 361
 362 cups_lang_t *                           /* O - Language data */
 363 cupsLangDefault(void)
 364 {
 365   return (cupsLangGet(NULL));
 366 }
 367
 368
 369 /*
 370  * 'cupsLangEncoding()' - Return the character encoding (us-ascii, etc.)
 371  *                        for the given language.
 372  */
 373
 374 const char *                            /* O - Character encoding */
 375 cupsLangEncoding(cups_lang_t *lang)     /* I - Language data */
 376 {
 377   if (lang == NULL)
 378     return ((char*)lang_encodings[0]);
 379   else
 380     return ((char*)lang_encodings[lang->encoding]);
 381 }
 382
 383
 384 /*
 385  * 'cupsLangFlush()' - Flush all language data out of the cache.
 386  */
 387
 388 void
 389 cupsLangFlush(void)
 390 {
 391   cups_lang_t   *lang,                  /* Current language */
 392                 *next;                  /* Next language */
 393
 394
 395  /*
 396   * Free all languages in the cache...
 397   */
 398
 399   _cupsMutexLock(&lang_mutex);
 400
 401   for (lang = lang_cache; lang != NULL; lang = next)
 402   {
 403    /*
 404     * Free all messages...
 405     */
 406
 407     _cupsMessageFree(lang->strings);
 408
 409    /*
 410     * Then free the language structure itself...
 411     */
 412
 413     next = lang->next;
 414     free(lang);
 415   }
 416
 417   lang_cache = NULL;
 418
 419   _cupsMutexUnlock(&lang_mutex);
 420 }
 421
 422
 423 /*
 424  * 'cupsLangFree()' - Free language data.
 425  *
 426  * This does not actually free anything; use @link cupsLangFlush@ for that.
 427  */
 428
 429 void
 430 cupsLangFree(cups_lang_t *lang)         /* I - Language to free */
 431 {
 432   _cupsMutexLock(&lang_mutex);
 433
 434   if (lang != NULL && lang->used > 0)
 435     lang->used --;
 436
 437   _cupsMutexUnlock(&lang_mutex);
 438 }
 439
 440
 441 /*
 442  * 'cupsLangGet()' - Get a language.
 443  */
 444
 445 cups_lang_t *                           /* O - Language data */
 446 cupsLangGet(const char *language)       /* I - Language or locale */
 447 {
 448   int                   i;              /* Looping var */
 449 #ifndef __APPLE__
 450   char                  locale[255];    /* Copy of locale name */
 451 #endif /* !__APPLE__ */
 452   char                  langname[16],   /* Requested language name */
 453                         country[16],    /* Country code */
 454                         charset[16],    /* Character set */
 455                         *csptr,         /* Pointer to CODESET string */
 456                         *ptr,           /* Pointer into language/charset */
 457                         real[48];       /* Real language name */
 458   cups_encoding_t       encoding;       /* Encoding to use */
 459   cups_lang_t           *lang;          /* Current language... */
 460   static const char * const locale_encodings[] =
 461                 {                       /* Locale charset names */
 462                   "ASCII",      "ISO88591",     "ISO88592",     "ISO88593",
 463                   "ISO88594",   "ISO88595",     "ISO88596",     "ISO88597",
 464                   "ISO88598",   "ISO88599",     "ISO885910",    "UTF8",
 465                   "ISO885913",  "ISO885914",    "ISO885915",    "CP874",
 466                   "CP1250",     "CP1251",       "CP1252",       "CP1253",
 467                   "CP1254",     "CP1255",       "CP1256",       "CP1257",
 468                   "CP1258",     "KOI8R",        "KOI8U",        "ISO885911",
 469                   "ISO885916",  "MACROMAN",     "",             "",
 470
 471                   "",           "",             "",             "",
 472                   "",           "",             "",             "",
 473                   "",           "",             "",             "",
 474                   "",           "",             "",             "",
 475                   "",           "",             "",             "",
 476                   "",           "",             "",             "",
 477                   "",           "",             "",             "",
 478                   "",           "",             "",             "",
 479
 480                   "CP932",      "CP936",        "CP949",        "CP950",
 481                   "CP1361",     "",             "",             "",
 482                   "",           "",             "",             "",
 483                   "",           "",             "",             "",
 484                   "",           "",             "",             "",
 485                   "",           "",             "",             "",
 486                   "",           "",             "",             "",
 487                   "",           "",             "",             "",
 488
 489                   "",           "",             "",             "",
 490                   "",           "",             "",             "",
 491                   "",           "",             "",             "",
 492                   "",           "",             "",             "",
 493                   "",           "",             "",             "",
 494                   "",           "",             "",             "",
 495                   "",           "",             "",             "",
 496                   "",           "",             "",             "",
 497
 498                   "EUCCN",      "EUCJP",        "EUCKR",        "EUCTW",
 499                   "SHIFT_JISX0213"
 500                 };
 501
 502
 503   DEBUG_printf(("2cupsLangGet(language=\"%s\")", language));
 504
 505 #ifdef __APPLE__
 506  /*
 507   * Set the character set to UTF-8...
 508   */
 509
 510   strlcpy(charset, "UTF8", sizeof(charset));
 511
 512  /*
 513   * Apple's setlocale doesn't give us the user's localization
 514   * preference so we have to look it up this way...
 515   */
 516
 517   if (!language)
 518   {
 519     if (!getenv("SOFTWARE") || (language = getenv("LANG")) == NULL)
 520       language = appleLangDefault();
 521
 522     DEBUG_printf(("4cupsLangGet: language=\"%s\"", language));
 523   }
 524
 525 #else
 526  /*
 527   * Set the charset to "unknown"...
 528   */
 529
 530   charset[0] = '\0';
 531
 532  /*
 533   * Use setlocale() to determine the currently set locale, and then
 534   * fallback to environment variables to avoid setting the locale,
 535   * since setlocale() is not thread-safe!
 536   */
 537
 538   if (!language)
 539   {
 540    /*
 541     * First see if the locale has been set; if it is still "C" or
 542     * "POSIX", use the environment to get the default...
 543     */
 544
 545 #  ifdef LC_MESSAGES
 546     ptr = setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, NULL);
 547 #  else
 548     ptr = setlocale(LC_ALL, NULL);
 549 #  endif /* LC_MESSAGES */
 550
 551     DEBUG_printf(("4cupsLangGet: current locale is \"%s\"", ptr));
 552
 553     if (!ptr || !strcmp(ptr, "C") || !strcmp(ptr, "POSIX"))
 554     {
 555      /*
 556       * Get the character set from the LC_CTYPE locale setting...
 557       */
 558
 559       if ((ptr = getenv("LC_CTYPE")) == NULL)
 560         if ((ptr = getenv("LC_ALL")) == NULL)
 561           if ((ptr = getenv("LANG")) == NULL)
 562             ptr = "en_US";
 563
 564       if ((csptr = strchr(ptr, '.')) != NULL)
 565       {
 566        /*
 567         * Extract the character set from the environment...
 568         */
 569
 570         for (ptr = charset, csptr ++; *csptr; csptr ++)
 571           if (ptr < (charset + sizeof(charset) - 1) && _cups_isalnum(*csptr))
 572             *ptr++ = *csptr;
 573
 574         *ptr = '\0';
 575       }
 576
 577      /*
 578       * Get the locale for messages from the LC_MESSAGES locale setting...
 579       */
 580
 581       if ((ptr = getenv("LC_MESSAGES")) == NULL)
 582         if ((ptr = getenv("LC_ALL")) == NULL)
 583           if ((ptr = getenv("LANG")) == NULL)
 584             ptr = "en_US";
 585     }
 586
 587     if (ptr)
 588     {
 589       strlcpy(locale, ptr, sizeof(locale));
 590       language = locale;
 591
 592      /*
 593       * CUPS STR #2575: Map "nb" to "no" for back-compatibility...
 594       */
 595
 596       if (!strncmp(locale, "nb", 2))
 597         locale[1] = 'o';
 598
 599       DEBUG_printf(("4cupsLangGet: new language value is \"%s\"", language));
 600     }
 601   }
 602 #endif /* __APPLE__ */
 603
 604  /*
 605   * If "language" is NULL at this point, then chances are we are using
 606   * a language that is not installed for the base OS.
 607   */
 608
 609   if (!language)
 610   {
 611    /*
 612     * Switch to the POSIX ("C") locale...
 613     */
 614
 615     language = "C";
 616   }
 617
 618 #ifdef CODESET
 619  /*
 620   * On systems that support the nl_langinfo(CODESET) call, use
 621   * this value as the character set...
 622   */
 623
 624   if (!charset[0] && (csptr = nl_langinfo(CODESET)) != NULL)
 625   {
 626    /*
 627     * Copy all of the letters and numbers in the CODESET string...
 628     */
 629
 630     for (ptr = charset; *csptr; csptr ++)
 631       if (_cups_isalnum(*csptr) && ptr < (charset + sizeof(charset) - 1))
 632         *ptr++ = *csptr;
 633
 634     *ptr = '\0';
 635
 636     DEBUG_printf(("4cupsLangGet: charset set to \"%s\" via "
 637                   "nl_langinfo(CODESET)...", charset));
 638   }
 639 #endif /* CODESET */
 640
 641  /*
 642   * If we don't have a character set by now, default to UTF-8...
 643   */
 644
 645   if (!charset[0])
 646     strlcpy(charset, "UTF8", sizeof(charset));
 647
 648  /*
 649   * Parse the language string passed in to a locale string. "C" is the
 650   * standard POSIX locale and is copied unchanged.  Otherwise the
 651   * language string is converted from ll-cc[.charset] (language-country)
 652   * to ll_CC[.CHARSET] to match the file naming convention used by all
 653   * POSIX-compliant operating systems.  Invalid language names are mapped
 654   * to the POSIX locale.
 655   */
 656
 657   country[0] = '\0';
 658
 659   if (language == NULL || !language[0] ||
 660       !strcmp(language, "POSIX"))
 661     strlcpy(langname, "C", sizeof(langname));
 662   else
 663   {
 664    /*
 665     * Copy the parts of the locale string over safely...
 666     */
 667
 668     for (ptr = langname; *language; language ++)
 669       if (*language == '_' || *language == '-' || *language == '.')
 670         break;
 671       else if (ptr < (langname + sizeof(langname) - 1))
 672         *ptr++ = (char)tolower(*language & 255);
 673
 674     *ptr = '\0';
 675
 676     if (*language == '_' || *language == '-')
 677     {
 678      /*
 679       * Copy the country code...
 680       */
 681
 682       for (language ++, ptr = country; *language; language ++)
 683         if (*language == '.')
 684           break;
 685         else if (ptr < (country + sizeof(country) - 1))
 686           *ptr++ = (char)toupper(*language & 255);
 687
 688       *ptr = '\0';
 689
 690      /*
 691       * Map Chinese region codes to legacy country codes.
 692       */
 693
 694       if (!strcmp(language, "zh") && !strcmp(country, "HANS"))
 695         strlcpy(country, "CN", sizeof(country));
 696       if (!strcmp(language, "zh") && !strcmp(country, "HANT"))
 697         strlcpy(country, "TW", sizeof(country));
 698     }
 699
 700     if (*language == '.' && !charset[0])
 701     {
 702      /*
 703       * Copy the encoding...
 704       */
 705
 706       for (language ++, ptr = charset; *language; language ++)
 707         if (_cups_isalnum(*language) && ptr < (charset + sizeof(charset) - 1))
 708           *ptr++ = (char)toupper(*language & 255);
 709
 710       *ptr = '\0';
 711     }
 712
 713    /*
 714     * Force a POSIX locale for an invalid language name...
 715     */
 716
 717     if (strlen(langname) != 2 && strlen(langname) != 3)
 718     {
 719       strlcpy(langname, "C", sizeof(langname));
 720       country[0] = '\0';
 721       charset[0] = '\0';
 722     }
 723   }
 724
 725   DEBUG_printf(("4cupsLangGet: langname=\"%s\", country=\"%s\", charset=\"%s\"",
 726                 langname, country, charset));
 727
 728  /*
 729   * Figure out the desired encoding...
 730   */
 731
 732   encoding = CUPS_AUTO_ENCODING;
 733
 734   if (charset[0])
 735   {
 736     for (i = 0;
 737          i < (int)(sizeof(locale_encodings) / sizeof(locale_encodings[0]));
 738          i ++)
 739       if (!_cups_strcasecmp(charset, locale_encodings[i]))
 740       {
 741         encoding = (cups_encoding_t)i;
 742         break;
 743       }
 744
 745     if (encoding == CUPS_AUTO_ENCODING)
 746     {
 747      /*
 748       * Map alternate names for various character sets...
 749       */
 750
 751       if (!_cups_strcasecmp(charset, "iso-2022-jp") ||
 752           !_cups_strcasecmp(charset, "sjis"))
 753         encoding = CUPS_WINDOWS_932;
 754       else if (!_cups_strcasecmp(charset, "iso-2022-cn"))
 755         encoding = CUPS_WINDOWS_936;
 756       else if (!_cups_strcasecmp(charset, "iso-2022-kr"))
 757         encoding = CUPS_WINDOWS_949;
 758       else if (!_cups_strcasecmp(charset, "big5"))
 759         encoding = CUPS_WINDOWS_950;
 760     }
 761   }
 762
 763   DEBUG_printf(("4cupsLangGet: encoding=%d(%s)", encoding,
 764                 encoding == CUPS_AUTO_ENCODING ? "auto" :
 765                     lang_encodings[encoding]));
 766
 767  /*
 768   * See if we already have this language/country loaded...
 769   */
 770
 771   if (country[0])
 772     snprintf(real, sizeof(real), "%s_%s", langname, country);
 773   else
 774     strlcpy(real, langname, sizeof(real));
 775
 776   _cupsMutexLock(&lang_mutex);
 777
 778   if ((lang = cups_cache_lookup(real, encoding)) != NULL)
 779   {
 780     _cupsMutexUnlock(&lang_mutex);
 781
 782     DEBUG_printf(("3cupsLangGet: Using cached copy of \"%s\"...", real));
 783
 784     return (lang);
 785   }
 786
 787  /*
 788   * See if there is a free language available; if so, use that
 789   * record...
 790   */
 791
 792   for (lang = lang_cache; lang != NULL; lang = lang->next)
 793     if (lang->used == 0)
 794       break;
 795
 796   if (lang == NULL)
 797   {
 798    /*
 799     * Allocate memory for the language and add it to the cache.
 800     */
 801
 802     if ((lang = calloc(sizeof(cups_lang_t), 1)) == NULL)
 803     {
 804       _cupsMutexUnlock(&lang_mutex);
 805
 806       return (NULL);
 807     }
 808
 809     lang->next = lang_cache;
 810     lang_cache = lang;
 811   }
 812   else
 813   {
 814    /*
 815     * Free all old strings as needed...
 816     */
 817
 818     _cupsMessageFree(lang->strings);
 819     lang->strings = NULL;
 820   }
 821
 822  /*
 823   * Then assign the language and encoding fields...
 824   */
 825
 826   lang->used ++;
 827   strlcpy(lang->language, real, sizeof(lang->language));
 828
 829   if (encoding != CUPS_AUTO_ENCODING)
 830     lang->encoding = encoding;
 831   else
 832     lang->encoding = CUPS_UTF8;
 833
 834  /*
 835   * Return...
 836   */
 837
 838   _cupsMutexUnlock(&lang_mutex);
 839
 840   return (lang);
 841 }
 842
 843
 844 /*
 845  * '_cupsLangString()' - Get a message string.
 846  *
 847  * The returned string is UTF-8 encoded; use cupsUTF8ToCharset() to
 848  * convert the string to the language encoding.
 849  */
 850
 851 const char *                            /* O - Localized message */
 852 _cupsLangString(cups_lang_t *lang,      /* I - Language */
 853                 const char  *message)   /* I - Message */
 854 {
 855   const char *s;                        /* Localized message */
 856
 857
 858   DEBUG_printf(("_cupsLangString(lang=%p, message=\"%s\")", (void *)lang, message));
 859
 860  /*
 861   * Range check input...
 862   */
 863
 864   if (!lang || !message || !*message)
 865     return (message);
 866
 867   _cupsMutexLock(&lang_mutex);
 868
 869  /*
 870   * Load the message catalog if needed...
 871   */
 872
 873   if (!lang->strings)
 874     cups_message_load(lang);
 875
 876   s = _cupsMessageLookup(lang->strings, message);
 877
 878   _cupsMutexUnlock(&lang_mutex);
 879
 880   return (s);
 881 }
 882
 883
 884 /*
 885  * '_cupsMessageFree()' - Free a messages array.
 886  */
 887
 888 void
 889 _cupsMessageFree(cups_array_t *a)       /* I - Message array */
 890 {
 891 #if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(CUPS_BUNDLEDIR)
 892  /*
 893   * Release the cups.strings dictionary as needed...
 894   */
 895
 896   if (cupsArrayUserData(a))
 897     CFRelease((CFDictionaryRef)cupsArrayUserData(a));
 898 #endif /* __APPLE__ && CUPS_BUNDLEDIR */
 899
 900  /*
 901   * Free the array...
 902   */
 903
 904   cupsArrayDelete(a);
 905 }
 906
 907
 908 /*
 909  * '_cupsMessageLoad()' - Load a .po or .strings file into a messages array.
 910  */
 911
 912 cups_array_t *                          /* O - New message array */
 913 _cupsMessageLoad(const char *filename,  /* I - Message catalog to load */
 914                  int        flags)      /* I - Load flags */
 915 {
 916   cups_file_t           *fp;            /* Message file */
 917   cups_array_t          *a;             /* Message array */
 918   _cups_message_t       *m;             /* Current message */
 919   char                  s[4096],        /* String buffer */
 920                         *ptr,           /* Pointer into buffer */
 921                         *temp;          /* New string */
 922   size_t                length,         /* Length of combined strings */
 923                         ptrlen;         /* Length of string */
 924
 925
 926   DEBUG_printf(("4_cupsMessageLoad(filename=\"%s\")", filename));
 927
 928  /*
 929   * Create an array to hold the messages...
 930   */
 931
 932   if ((a = _cupsMessageNew(NULL)) == NULL)
 933   {
 934     DEBUG_puts("5_cupsMessageLoad: Unable to allocate array!");
 935     return (NULL);
 936   }
 937
 938  /*
 939   * Open the message catalog file...
 940   */
 941
 942   if ((fp = cupsFileOpen(filename, "r")) == NULL)
 943   {
 944     DEBUG_printf(("5_cupsMessageLoad: Unable to open file: %s",
 945                   strerror(errno)));
 946     return (a);
 947   }
 948
 949   if (flags & _CUPS_MESSAGE_STRINGS)
 950   {
 951     while (cups_read_strings(fp, flags, a));
 952   }
 953   else
 954   {
 955    /*
 956     * Read messages from the catalog file until EOF...
 957     *
 958     * The format is the GNU gettext .po format, which is fairly simple:
 959     *
 960     *     msgid "some text"
 961     *     msgstr "localized text"
 962     *
 963     * The ID and localized text can span multiple lines using the form:
 964     *
 965     *     msgid ""
 966     *     "some long text"
 967     *     msgstr ""
 968     *     "localized text spanning "
 969     *     "multiple lines"
 970     */
 971
 972     m = NULL;
 973
 974     while (cupsFileGets(fp, s, sizeof(s)) != NULL)
 975     {
 976      /*
 977       * Skip blank and comment lines...
 978       */
 979
 980       if (s[0] == '#' || !s[0])
 981         continue;
 982
 983      /*
 984       * Strip the trailing quote...
 985       */
 986
 987       if ((ptr = strrchr(s, '\"')) == NULL)
 988         continue;
 989
 990       *ptr = '\0';
 991
 992      /*
 993       * Find start of value...
 994       */
 995
 996       if ((ptr = strchr(s, '\"')) == NULL)
 997         continue;
 998
 999       ptr ++;
1000
1001      /*
1002       * Unquote the text...
1003       */
1004
1005       if (flags & _CUPS_MESSAGE_UNQUOTE)
1006         cups_unquote(ptr, ptr);
1007
1008      /*
1009       * Create or add to a message...
1010       */
1011
1012       if (!strncmp(s, "msgid", 5))
1013       {
1014        /*
1015         * Add previous message as needed...
1016         */
1017
1018         if (m)
1019         {
1020           if (m->str && m->str[0])
1021           {
1022             cupsArrayAdd(a, m);
1023           }
1024           else
1025           {
1026            /*
1027             * Translation is empty, don't add it... (STR #4033)
1028             */
1029
1030             free(m->msg);
1031             if (m->str)
1032               free(m->str);
1033             free(m);
1034           }
1035         }
1036
1037        /*
1038         * Create a new message with the given msgid string...
1039         */
1040
1041         if ((m = (_cups_message_t *)calloc(1, sizeof(_cups_message_t))) == NULL)
1042           break;
1043
1044         if ((m->msg = strdup(ptr)) == NULL)
1045         {
1046           free(m);
1047           m = NULL;
1048           break;
1049         }
1050       }
1051       else if (s[0] == '\"' && m)
1052       {
1053        /*
1054         * Append to current string...
1055         */
1056
1057         length = strlen(m->str ? m->str : m->msg);
1058         ptrlen = strlen(ptr);
1059
1060         if ((temp = realloc(m->str ? m->str : m->msg, length + ptrlen + 1)) == NULL)
1061         {
1062           if (m->str)
1063             free(m->str);
1064           free(m->msg);
1065           free(m);
1066           m = NULL;
1067           break;
1068         }
1069
1070         if (m->str)
1071         {
1072          /*
1073           * Copy the new portion to the end of the msgstr string - safe
1074           * to use memcpy because the buffer is allocated to the correct
1075           * size...
1076           */
1077
1078           m->str = temp;
1079
1080           memcpy(m->str + length, ptr, ptrlen + 1);
1081         }
1082         else
1083         {
1084          /*
1085           * Copy the new portion to the end of the msgid string - safe
1086           * to use memcpy because the buffer is allocated to the correct
1087           * size...
1088           */
1089
1090           m->msg = temp;
1091
1092           memcpy(m->msg + length, ptr, ptrlen + 1);
1093         }
1094       }
1095       else if (!strncmp(s, "msgstr", 6) && m)
1096       {
1097        /*
1098         * Set the string...
1099         */
1100
1101         if ((m->str = strdup(ptr)) == NULL)
1102         {
1103           free(m->msg);
1104           free(m);
1105           m = NULL;
1106           break;
1107         }
1108       }
1109     }
1110
1111    /*
1112     * Add the last message string to the array as needed...
1113     */
1114
1115     if (m)
1116     {
1117       if (m->str && m->str[0])
1118       {
1119         cupsArrayAdd(a, m);
1120       }
1121       else
1122       {
1123        /*
1124         * Translation is empty, don't add it... (STR #4033)
1125         */
1126
1127         free(m->msg);
1128         if (m->str)
1129           free(m->str);
1130         free(m);
1131       }
1132     }
1133   }
1134
1135  /*
1136   * Close the message catalog file and return the new array...
1137   */
1138
1139   cupsFileClose(fp);
1140
1141   DEBUG_printf(("5_cupsMessageLoad: Returning %d messages...", cupsArrayCount(a)));
1142
1143   return (a);
1144 }
1145
1146
1147 /*
1148  * '_cupsMessageLookup()' - Lookup a message string.
1149  */
1150
1151 const char *                            /* O - Localized message */
1152 _cupsMessageLookup(cups_array_t *a,     /* I - Message array */
1153                    const char   *m)     /* I - Message */
1154 {
1155   _cups_message_t       key,            /* Search key */
1156                         *match;         /* Matching message */
1157
1158
1159   DEBUG_printf(("_cupsMessageLookup(a=%p, m=\"%s\")", (void *)a, m));
1160
1161  /*
1162   * Lookup the message string; if it doesn't exist in the catalog,
1163   * then return the message that was passed to us...
1164   */
1165
1166   key.msg = (char *)m;
1167   match   = (_cups_message_t *)cupsArrayFind(a, &key);
1168
1169 #if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(CUPS_BUNDLEDIR)
1170   if (!match && cupsArrayUserData(a))
1171   {
1172    /*
1173     * Try looking the string up in the cups.strings dictionary...
1174     */
1175
1176     CFDictionaryRef     dict;           /* cups.strings dictionary */
1177     CFStringRef         cfm,            /* Message as a CF string */
1178                         cfstr;          /* Localized text as a CF string */
1179
1180     dict       = (CFDictionaryRef)cupsArrayUserData(a);
1181     cfm        = CFStringCreateWithCString(kCFAllocatorDefault, m, kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
1182     match      = calloc(1, sizeof(_cups_message_t));
1183     match->msg = strdup(m);
1184     cfstr      = cfm ? CFDictionaryGetValue(dict, cfm) : NULL;
1185
1186     if (cfstr)
1187     {
1188       char      buffer[1024];           /* Message buffer */
1189
1190       CFStringGetCString(cfstr, buffer, sizeof(buffer), kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
1191       match->str = strdup(buffer);
1192
1193       DEBUG_printf(("1_cupsMessageLookup: Found \"%s\" as \"%s\"...", m, buffer));
1194     }
1195     else
1196     {
1197       match->str = strdup(m);
1198
1199       DEBUG_printf(("1_cupsMessageLookup: Did not find \"%s\"...", m));
1200     }
1201
1202     cupsArrayAdd(a, match);
1203
1204     if (cfm)
1205       CFRelease(cfm);
1206   }
1207 #endif /* __APPLE__ && CUPS_BUNDLEDIR */
1208
1209   if (match && match->str)
1210     return (match->str);
1211   else
1212     return (m);
1213 }
1214
1215
1216 /*
1217  * '_cupsMessageNew()' - Make a new message catalog array.
1218  */
1219
1220 cups_array_t *                          /* O - Array */
1221 _cupsMessageNew(void *context)          /* I - User data */
1222 {
1223   return (cupsArrayNew3((cups_array_func_t)cups_message_compare, context,
1224                         (cups_ahash_func_t)NULL, 0,
1225                         (cups_acopy_func_t)NULL,
1226                         (cups_afree_func_t)cups_message_free));
1227 }
1228
1229
1230 /*
1231  * '_cupsMessageSave()' - Save a message catalog array.
1232  */
1233
1234 int                                     /* O - 0 on success, -1 on failure */
1235 _cupsMessageSave(const char   *filename,/* I - Output filename */
1236                  int          flags,    /* I - Format flags */
1237                  cups_array_t *a)       /* I - Message array */
1238 {
1239   cups_file_t           *fp;            /* Output file */
1240   _cups_message_t       *m;             /* Current message */
1241
1242
1243  /*
1244   * Output message catalog file...
1245   */
1246
1247   if ((fp = cupsFileOpen(filename, "w")) == NULL)
1248     return (-1);
1249
1250  /*
1251   * Write each message...
1252   */
1253
1254   if (flags & _CUPS_MESSAGE_STRINGS)
1255   {
1256     for (m = (_cups_message_t *)cupsArrayFirst(a); m; m = (_cups_message_t *)cupsArrayNext(a))
1257     {
1258       cupsFilePuts(fp, "\"");
1259       cups_message_puts(fp, m->msg);
1260       cupsFilePuts(fp, "\" = \"");
1261       cups_message_puts(fp, m->str);
1262       cupsFilePuts(fp, "\";\n");
1263     }
1264   }
1265   else
1266   {
1267     for (m = (_cups_message_t *)cupsArrayFirst(a); m; m = (_cups_message_t *)cupsArrayNext(a))
1268     {
1269       cupsFilePuts(fp, "msgid \"");
1270       cups_message_puts(fp, m->msg);
1271       cupsFilePuts(fp, "\"\nmsgstr \"");
1272       cups_message_puts(fp, m->str);
1273       cupsFilePuts(fp, "\"\n");
1274     }
1275   }
1276
1277   return (cupsFileClose(fp));
1278 }
1279
1280
1281 #ifdef __APPLE__
1282 /*
1283  * 'appleLangDefault()' - Get the default locale string.
1284  */
1285
1286 static const char *                     /* O - Locale string */
1287 appleLangDefault(void)
1288 {
1289   CFBundleRef           bundle;         /* Main bundle (if any) */
1290   CFArrayRef            bundleList;     /* List of localizations in bundle */
1291   CFPropertyListRef     localizationList = NULL;
1292                                         /* List of localization data */
1293   CFStringRef           languageName;   /* Current name */
1294   char                  *lang;          /* LANG environment variable */
1295   _cups_globals_t       *cg = _cupsGlobals();
1296                                         /* Pointer to library globals */
1297
1298
1299   DEBUG_puts("2appleLangDefault()");
1300
1301  /*
1302   * Only do the lookup and translation the first time.
1303   */
1304
1305   if (!cg->language[0])
1306   {
1307     if (getenv("SOFTWARE") != NULL && (lang = getenv("LANG")) != NULL)
1308     {
1309       DEBUG_printf(("3appleLangDefault: Using LANG=%s", lang));
1310       strlcpy(cg->language, lang, sizeof(cg->language));
1311       return (cg->language);
1312     }
1313     else if ((bundle = CFBundleGetMainBundle()) != NULL &&
1314              (bundleList = CFBundleCopyBundleLocalizations(bundle)) != NULL)
1315     {
1316       CFURLRef resources = CFBundleCopyResourcesDirectoryURL(bundle);
1317
1318       DEBUG_puts("3appleLangDefault: Getting localizationList from bundle.");
1319
1320       if (resources)
1321       {
1322         CFStringRef     cfpath = CFURLCopyPath(resources);
1323         char            path[1024];
1324
1325         if (cfpath)
1326         {
1327          /*
1328           * See if we have an Info.plist file in the bundle...
1329           */
1330
1331           CFStringGetCString(cfpath, path, sizeof(path), kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
1332           DEBUG_printf(("3appleLangDefault: Got a resource URL (\"%s\")", path));
1333           strlcat(path, "Contents/Info.plist", sizeof(path));
1334
1335           if (!access(path, R_OK))
1336             localizationList = CFBundleCopyPreferredLocalizationsFromArray(bundleList);
1337           else
1338             DEBUG_puts("3appleLangDefault: No Info.plist, ignoring resource URL...");
1339
1340           CFRelease(cfpath);
1341         }
1342
1343         CFRelease(resources);
1344       }
1345       else
1346         DEBUG_puts("3appleLangDefault: No resource URL.");
1347
1348       CFRelease(bundleList);
1349     }
1350
1351     if (!localizationList)
1352     {
1353       DEBUG_puts("3appleLangDefault: Getting localizationList from preferences.");
1354
1355       localizationList =
1356           CFPreferencesCopyAppValue(CFSTR("AppleLanguages"),
1357                                     kCFPreferencesCurrentApplication);
1358     }
1359
1360     if (localizationList)
1361     {
1362 #ifdef DEBUG
1363       if (CFGetTypeID(localizationList) == CFArrayGetTypeID())
1364         DEBUG_printf(("3appleLangDefault: Got localizationList, %d entries.",
1365                       (int)CFArrayGetCount(localizationList)));
1366       else
1367         DEBUG_puts("3appleLangDefault: Got localizationList but not an array.");
1368 #endif /* DEBUG */
1369
1370       if (CFGetTypeID(localizationList) == CFArrayGetTypeID() &&
1371           CFArrayGetCount(localizationList) > 0)
1372       {
1373         languageName = CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(localizationList, 0);
1374
1375         if (languageName &&
1376             CFGetTypeID(languageName) == CFStringGetTypeID())
1377         {
1378           if (_cupsAppleLocale(languageName, cg->language, sizeof(cg->language)))
1379             DEBUG_printf(("3appleLangDefault: cg->language=\"%s\"",
1380                           cg->language));
1381           else
1382             DEBUG_puts("3appleLangDefault: Unable to get locale.");
1383         }
1384       }
1385
1386       CFRelease(localizationList);
1387     }
1388
1389    /*
1390     * If we didn't find the language, default to en_US...
1391     */
1392
1393     if (!cg->language[0])
1394     {
1395       DEBUG_puts("3appleLangDefault: Defaulting to en_US.");
1396       strlcpy(cg->language, "en_US.UTF-8", sizeof(cg->language));
1397     }
1398   }
1399   else
1400     DEBUG_printf(("3appleLangDefault: Using previous locale \"%s\".", cg->language));
1401
1402  /*
1403   * Return the cached locale...
1404   */
1405
1406   return (cg->language);
1407 }
1408
1409
1410 #  ifdef CUPS_BUNDLEDIR
1411 /*
1412  * 'appleMessageLoad()' - Load a message catalog from a localizable bundle.
1413  */
1414
1415 static cups_array_t *                   /* O - Message catalog */
1416 appleMessageLoad(const char *locale)    /* I - Locale ID */
1417 {
1418   char                  filename[1024], /* Path to cups.strings file */
1419                         applelang[256], /* Apple language ID */
1420                         baselang[4];    /* Base language */
1421   CFURLRef              url;            /* URL to cups.strings file */
1422   CFReadStreamRef       stream = NULL;  /* File stream */
1423   CFPropertyListRef     plist = NULL;   /* Localization file */
1424 #ifdef DEBUG
1425   const char            *cups_strings = getenv("CUPS_STRINGS");
1426                                         /* Test strings file */
1427   CFErrorRef            error = NULL;   /* Error when opening file */
1428 #endif /* DEBUG */
1429
1430
1431   DEBUG_printf(("appleMessageLoad(locale=\"%s\")", locale));
1432
1433  /*
1434   * Load the cups.strings file...
1435   */
1436
1437 #ifdef DEBUG
1438   if (cups_strings)
1439   {
1440     DEBUG_puts("1appleMessageLoad: Using debug CUPS_STRINGS file.");
1441     strlcpy(filename, cups_strings, sizeof(filename));
1442   }
1443   else
1444 #endif /* DEBUG */
1445
1446   snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename),
1447            CUPS_BUNDLEDIR "/Resources/%s.lproj/cups.strings",
1448            _cupsAppleLanguage(locale, applelang, sizeof(applelang)));
1449
1450   if (access(filename, 0))
1451   {
1452    /*
1453     * <rdar://problem/22086642>
1454     *
1455     * Try with original locale string...
1456     */
1457
1458     DEBUG_printf(("1appleMessageLoad: \"%s\": %s", filename, strerror(errno)));
1459     snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), CUPS_BUNDLEDIR "/Resources/%s.lproj/cups.strings", locale);
1460   }
1461
1462   if (access(filename, 0))
1463   {
1464    /*
1465     * <rdar://problem/25292403>
1466     *
1467     * Try with just the language code...
1468     */
1469
1470     DEBUG_printf(("1appleMessageLoad: \"%s\": %s", filename, strerror(errno)));
1471
1472     strlcpy(baselang, locale, sizeof(baselang));
1473     if (baselang[3] == '-' || baselang[3] == '_')
1474       baselang[3] = '\0';
1475
1476     snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), CUPS_BUNDLEDIR "/Resources/%s.lproj/cups.strings", baselang);
1477   }
1478
1479   if (access(filename, 0))
1480   {
1481    /*
1482     * Try alternate lproj directory names...
1483     */
1484
1485     DEBUG_printf(("1appleMessageLoad: \"%s\": %s", filename, strerror(errno)));
1486
1487     if (!strncmp(locale, "en", 2))
1488       locale = "English";
1489     else if (!strncmp(locale, "nb", 2))
1490       locale = "no";
1491     else if (!strncmp(locale, "nl", 2))
1492       locale = "Dutch";
1493     else if (!strncmp(locale, "fr", 2))
1494       locale = "French";
1495     else if (!strncmp(locale, "de", 2))
1496       locale = "German";
1497     else if (!strncmp(locale, "it", 2))
1498       locale = "Italian";
1499     else if (!strncmp(locale, "ja", 2))
1500       locale = "Japanese";
1501     else if (!strncmp(locale, "es", 2))
1502       locale = "Spanish";
1503     else if (!strcmp(locale, "zh_HK") || !strncasecmp(locale, "zh-Hant", 7) || !strncasecmp(locale, "zh_Hant", 7))
1504     {
1505      /*
1506       * <rdar://problem/22130168>
1507       * <rdar://problem/27245567>
1508       *
1509       * Try zh_TW first, then zh...  Sigh...
1510       */
1511
1512       if (!access(CUPS_BUNDLEDIR "/Resources/zh_TW.lproj/cups.strings", 0))
1513         locale = "zh_TW";
1514       else
1515         locale = "zh";
1516     }
1517     else if (strstr(locale, "_") != NULL || strstr(locale, "-") != NULL)
1518     {
1519      /*
1520       * Drop country code, just try language...
1521       */
1522
1523       strlcpy(baselang, locale, sizeof(baselang));
1524       if (baselang[2] == '-' || baselang[2] == '_')
1525         baselang[2] = '\0';
1526
1527       locale = baselang;
1528     }
1529
1530     snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename),
1531              CUPS_BUNDLEDIR "/Resources/%s.lproj/cups.strings", locale);
1532   }
1533
1534   DEBUG_printf(("1appleMessageLoad: filename=\"%s\"", filename));
1535
1536   url = CFURLCreateFromFileSystemRepresentation(kCFAllocatorDefault,
1537                                                 (UInt8 *)filename,
1538                                                 (CFIndex)strlen(filename), false);
1539   if (url)
1540   {
1541     stream = CFReadStreamCreateWithFile(kCFAllocatorDefault, url);
1542     if (stream)
1543     {
1544      /*
1545       * Read the property list containing the localization data.
1546       *
1547       * NOTE: This code currently generates a clang "potential leak"
1548       * warning, but the object is released in _cupsMessageFree().
1549       */
1550
1551       CFReadStreamOpen(stream);
1552
1553 #ifdef DEBUG
1554       plist = CFPropertyListCreateWithStream(kCFAllocatorDefault, stream, 0,
1555                                              kCFPropertyListImmutable, NULL,
1556                                              &error);
1557       if (error)
1558       {
1559         CFStringRef     msg = CFErrorCopyDescription(error);
1560                                         /* Error message */
1561
1562         CFStringGetCString(msg, filename, sizeof(filename),
1563                            kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
1564         DEBUG_printf(("1appleMessageLoad: %s", filename));
1565
1566         CFRelease(msg);
1567         CFRelease(error);
1568       }
1569
1570 #else
1571       plist = CFPropertyListCreateWithStream(kCFAllocatorDefault, stream, 0,
1572                                              kCFPropertyListImmutable, NULL,
1573                                              NULL);
1574 #endif /* DEBUG */
1575
1576       if (plist && CFGetTypeID(plist) != CFDictionaryGetTypeID())
1577       {
1578          CFRelease(plist);
1579          plist = NULL;
1580       }
1581
1582       CFRelease(stream);
1583     }
1584
1585     CFRelease(url);
1586   }
1587
1588   DEBUG_printf(("1appleMessageLoad: url=%p, stream=%p, plist=%p", url, stream,
1589                 plist));
1590
1591  /*
1592   * Create and return an empty array to act as a cache for messages, passing the
1593   * plist as the user data.
1594   */
1595
1596   return (_cupsMessageNew((void *)plist));
1597 }
1598 #  endif /* CUPS_BUNDLEDIR */
1599 #endif /* __APPLE__ */
1600
1601
1602 /*
1603  * 'cups_cache_lookup()' - Lookup a language in the cache...
1604  */
1605
1606 static cups_lang_t *                    /* O - Language data or NULL */
1607 cups_cache_lookup(
1608     const char      *name,              /* I - Name of locale */
1609     cups_encoding_t encoding)           /* I - Encoding of locale */
1610 {
1611   cups_lang_t   *lang;                  /* Current language */
1612
1613
1614   DEBUG_printf(("7cups_cache_lookup(name=\"%s\", encoding=%d(%s))", name,
1615                 encoding, encoding == CUPS_AUTO_ENCODING ? "auto" :
1616                               lang_encodings[encoding]));
1617
1618  /*
1619   * Loop through the cache and return a match if found...
1620   */
1621
1622   for (lang = lang_cache; lang != NULL; lang = lang->next)
1623   {
1624     DEBUG_printf(("9cups_cache_lookup: lang=%p, language=\"%s\", "
1625                   "encoding=%d(%s)", (void *)lang, lang->language, lang->encoding,
1626                   lang_encodings[lang->encoding]));
1627
1628     if (!strcmp(lang->language, name) &&
1629         (encoding == CUPS_AUTO_ENCODING || encoding == lang->encoding))
1630     {
1631       lang->used ++;
1632
1633       DEBUG_puts("8cups_cache_lookup: returning match!");
1634
1635       return (lang);
1636     }
1637   }
1638
1639   DEBUG_puts("8cups_cache_lookup: returning NULL!");
1640
1641   return (NULL);
1642 }
1643
1644
1645 /*
1646  * 'cups_message_compare()' - Compare two messages.
1647  */
1648
1649 static int                              /* O - Result of comparison */
1650 cups_message_compare(
1651     _cups_message_t *m1,                /* I - First message */
1652     _cups_message_t *m2)                /* I - Second message */
1653 {
1654   return (strcmp(m1->msg, m2->msg));
1655 }
1656
1657
1658 /*
1659  * 'cups_message_free()' - Free a message.
1660  */
1661
1662 static void
1663 cups_message_free(_cups_message_t *m)   /* I - Message */
1664 {
1665   if (m->msg)
1666     free(m->msg);
1667
1668   if (m->str)
1669     free(m->str);
1670
1671   free(m);
1672 }
1673
1674
1675 /*
1676  * 'cups_message_load()' - Load the message catalog for a language.
1677  */
1678
1679 static void
1680 cups_message_load(cups_lang_t *lang)    /* I - Language */
1681 {
1682 #if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(CUPS_BUNDLEDIR)
1683   lang->strings = appleMessageLoad(lang->language);
1684
1685 #else
1686   char                  filename[1024]; /* Filename for language locale file */
1687   _cups_globals_t       *cg = _cupsGlobals();
1688                                         /* Pointer to library globals */
1689
1690
1691   snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/%s/cups_%s.po", cg->localedir,
1692            lang->language, lang->language);
1693
1694   if (strchr(lang->language, '_') && access(filename, 0))
1695   {
1696    /*
1697     * Country localization not available, look for generic localization...
1698     */
1699
1700     snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/%.2s/cups_%.2s.po", cg->localedir,
1701              lang->language, lang->language);
1702
1703     if (access(filename, 0))
1704     {
1705      /*
1706       * No generic localization, so use POSIX...
1707       */
1708
1709       DEBUG_printf(("4cups_message_load: access(\"%s\", 0): %s", filename,
1710                     strerror(errno)));
1711
1712       snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/C/cups_C.po", cg->localedir);
1713     }
1714   }
1715
1716  /*
1717   * Read the strings from the file...
1718   */
1719
1720   lang->strings = _cupsMessageLoad(filename, _CUPS_MESSAGE_UNQUOTE);
1721 #endif /* __APPLE__ && CUPS_BUNDLEDIR */
1722 }
1723
1724
1725 /*
1726  * 'cups_message_puts()' - Write a message string with quoting.
1727  */
1728
1729 static void
1730 cups_message_puts(cups_file_t *fp,      /* I - File to write to */
1731                   const char  *s)       /* I - String to write */
1732 {
1733   const char    *start,                 /* Start of substring */
1734                 *ptr;                   /* Pointer into string */
1735
1736
1737   for (start = s, ptr = s; *ptr; ptr ++)
1738   {
1739     if (strchr("\\\"\n\t", *ptr))
1740     {
1741       if (ptr > start)
1742       {
1743         cupsFileWrite(fp, start, (size_t)(ptr - start));
1744         start = ptr + 1;
1745       }
1746
1747       if (*ptr == '\\')
1748         cupsFileWrite(fp, "\\\\", 2);
1749       else if (*ptr == '\"')
1750         cupsFileWrite(fp, "\\\"", 2);
1751       else if (*ptr == '\n')
1752         cupsFileWrite(fp, "\\n", 2);
1753       else /* if (*ptr == '\t') */
1754         cupsFileWrite(fp, "\\t", 2);
1755     }
1756   }
1757
1758   if (ptr > start)
1759     cupsFileWrite(fp, start, (size_t)(ptr - start));
1760 }
1761
1762
1763 /*
1764  * 'cups_read_strings()' - Read a pair of strings from a .strings file.
1765  */
1766
1767 static int                              /* O - 1 on success, 0 on failure */
1768 cups_read_strings(cups_file_t  *fp,     /* I - .strings file */
1769                   int          flags,   /* I - CUPS_MESSAGE_xxx flags */
1770                   cups_array_t *a)      /* I - Message catalog array */
1771 {
1772   char                  buffer[8192],   /* Line buffer */
1773                         *bufptr,        /* Pointer into buffer */
1774                         *msg,           /* Pointer to start of message */
1775                         *str;           /* Pointer to start of translation string */
1776   _cups_message_t       *m;             /* New message */
1777
1778
1779   while (cupsFileGets(fp, buffer, sizeof(buffer)))
1780   {
1781    /*
1782     * Skip any line (comments, blanks, etc.) that isn't:
1783     *
1784     *   "message" = "translation";
1785     */
1786
1787     for (bufptr = buffer; *bufptr && isspace(*bufptr & 255); bufptr ++);
1788
1789     if (*bufptr != '\"')
1790       continue;
1791
1792    /*
1793     * Find the end of the message...
1794     */
1795
1796     bufptr ++;
1797     for (msg = bufptr; *bufptr && *bufptr != '\"'; bufptr ++)
1798       if (*bufptr == '\\' && bufptr[1])
1799         bufptr ++;
1800
1801     if (!*bufptr)
1802       continue;
1803
1804     *bufptr++ = '\0';
1805
1806     if (flags & _CUPS_MESSAGE_UNQUOTE)
1807       cups_unquote(msg, msg);
1808
1809    /*
1810     * Find the start of the translation...
1811     */
1812
1813     while (*bufptr && isspace(*bufptr & 255))
1814       bufptr ++;
1815
1816     if (*bufptr != '=')
1817       continue;
1818
1819     bufptr ++;
1820     while (*bufptr && isspace(*bufptr & 255))
1821       bufptr ++;
1822
1823     if (*bufptr != '\"')
1824       continue;
1825
1826    /*
1827     * Find the end of the translation...
1828     */
1829
1830     bufptr ++;
1831     for (str = bufptr; *bufptr && *bufptr != '\"'; bufptr ++)
1832       if (*bufptr == '\\' && bufptr[1])
1833         bufptr ++;
1834
1835     if (!*bufptr)
1836       continue;
1837
1838     *bufptr++ = '\0';
1839
1840     if (flags & _CUPS_MESSAGE_UNQUOTE)
1841       cups_unquote(str, str);
1842
1843    /*
1844     * If we get this far we have a valid pair of strings, add them...
1845     */
1846
1847     if ((m = malloc(sizeof(_cups_message_t))) == NULL)
1848       break;
1849
1850     m->msg = strdup(msg);
1851     m->str = strdup(str);
1852
1853     if (m->msg && m->str)
1854     {
1855       cupsArrayAdd(a, m);
1856     }
1857     else
1858     {
1859       if (m->msg)
1860         free(m->msg);
1861
1862       if (m->str)
1863         free(m->str);
1864
1865       free(m);
1866       break;
1867     }
1868
1869     return (1);
1870   }
1871
1872  /*
1873   * No more strings...
1874   */
1875
1876   return (0);
1877 }
1878
1879
1880 /*
1881  * 'cups_unquote()' - Unquote characters in strings...
1882  */
1883
1884 static void
1885 cups_unquote(char       *d,             /* O - Unquoted string */
1886              const char *s)             /* I - Original string */
1887 {
1888   while (*s)
1889   {
1890     if (*s == '\\')
1891     {
1892       s ++;
1893       if (isdigit(*s))
1894       {
1895         *d = 0;
1896
1897         while (isdigit(*s))
1898         {
1899           *d = *d * 8 + *s - '0';
1900           s ++;
1901         }
1902
1903         d ++;
1904       }
1905       else
1906       {
1907         if (*s == 'n')
1908           *d ++ = '\n';
1909         else if (*s == 'r')
1910           *d ++ = '\r';
1911         else if (*s == 't')
1912           *d ++ = '\t';
1913         else
1914           *d++ = *s;
1915
1916         s ++;
1917       }
1918     }
1919     else
1920       *d++ = *s++;
1921   }
1922
1923   *d = '\0';
1924 }