doc/help/network.html

   1 <HTML>
   2 <!-- SECTION: Getting Started -->
   3 <HEAD>
   4         <TITLE>Using Network Printers</TITLE>
   5 </HEAD>
   6 <BODY>
   7
   8 <P>This help document describes how to discover, configure, and use TCP/IP network printers with CUPS.</P>
   9
  10 <H2 CLASS="title"><A NAME="ADDRESS">Getting the IP Address</A></H2>
  11
  12 <P>Every network printer or print server has a unique Internet Protocol (IP) address associated with it. This address is either configured manually or set using an automatic network protocol such as the <A HREF="#BOOTP">Boot Protocol (BOOTP)</A>, <A HREF="#DHCP">Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP)</A>, Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP), or ZeroConf.</P>
  13
  14 <P>You can normally find the IP address of a printer on the printer's control panel or by printing the configuration or status page. The <A HREF="#SNMP">Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)</A> can also be used to get the IP address remotely, which happens automatically when you visit the CUPS administration web page or choose an available CUPS device when adding a printer.</P>
  15
  16
  17 <H2 CLASS="title"><A NAME="CONFIG">Configuring the IP Address</A></H2>
  18
  19 <P>When you first install a network printer or print server on your LAN, you need to set the Internet Protocol ("IP") address. Most higher-end "workgroup" printers allow you to set the address through the printer control panel. However, if you have many printers you will want to assign the addresses remotely - this makes administration a bit easier and avoids assigning duplicate addresses accidentally.</P>
  20
  21 <P>To setup your printer or print server for remote address assignment, you'll need the Ethernet Media Access Control ("MAC") address, also sometimes called a node address, and the IP address you want to use for the device. The Ethernet MAC address can often be found on the printer test page or bottom of the print server.</P>
  22
  23 <H3><A NAME="DHCP">Configuring the IP Address Using DHCP</A></H3>
  24
  25 <P>The DHCP protocol is the usual way of setting the IP address of a printer on a managed network. Using the standard <TT>dhcpd(8)</TT> program supplied with UNIX you simply need to add a line to the <VAR>/etc/dhcpd.conf</VAR> file:</P>
  26
  27 <PRE CLASS="command">
  28 host <I>hostname</I> {
  29   hardware ethernet <I>mac-address</I>;
  30   fixed-address <I>ip-address</I>;
  31 }
  32 </PRE>
  33
  34 <P>Make sure that the hostname you use is also listed in the <VAR>/etc/hosts</VAR> file or is registered with your DNS server.</P>
  35
  36 <H3><A NAME="BOOTP">Configuring the IP Address Using BOOTP</A></H3>
  37
  38 <P>The BOOTP protocol is used when you need to provide additional information such as the location of a configuration file to the network interface. Using the standard <TT>bootpd(8)</TT> program supplied with UNIX you simply need to add a line to the <VAR>/etc/bootptab</VAR> file; for IRIX:</P>
  39
  40 <PRE CLASS="command">
  41 myprinter 08:00:69:00:12:34 192.0.2.2 <VAR>myprinter.boot</VAR>
  42 </PRE>
  43
  44 <P>Newer versions of <TT>bootpd</TT> use a different format:</P>
  45
  46 <PRE CLASS="command">
  47 myprinter:ha=080069001234:ip=192.0.2.2:<VAR>t144=myprinter.boot</VAR>
  48 </PRE>
  49
  50 <P>The <VAR>myprinter.boot</VAR> file resides in the <VAR>/usr/local/boot</VAR> directory by default. If you do not need to provide a boot file you may leave the last part of the line blank.</P>
  51
  52 <BLOCKQUOTE><B>Note:</B> Some versions of UNIX do not enable the BOOTP service by default. The <VAR>/etc/inetd.conf</VAR> or <VAR>/etc/xinetd.d/bootp</VAR> file usually contains a line for the BOOTP service that can be uncommented if needed.</BLOCKQUOTE>
  53
  54
  55 <H2 CLASS="title"><A NAME="VERIFY">Verifying the Printer Connection</A></H2>
  56
  57 <P>To test that the IP address has been successfully assigned and
  58 that the printer is properly connected to your LAN, type:</P>
  59
  60 <PRE CLASS="command">
  61 <KBD>ping ip-address</KBD>
  62 </PRE>
  63
  64 <P>If the connection is working properly you will see something
  65 like:</P>
  66
  67 <PRE CLASS="command">
  68 <KBD>ping myprinter</KBD>
  69 PING myprinter (192.0.2.2): 56 data bytes
  70 64 bytes from 192.0.2.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=15 time=5 ms
  71 64 bytes from 192.0.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=15 time=3 ms
  72 64 bytes from 192.0.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=15 time=3 ms
  73 64 bytes from 192.0.2.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=15 time=3 ms
  74 </PRE>
  75
  76 <P>If not, verify that the printer or print server is connected
  77 to the LAN, it is powered on, the LAN cabling is good, and the IP
  78 address is set correctly. You can usually see the current IP
  79 address and network status by printing a configuration or test
  80 page on the device.</P>
  81
  82
  83 <H2 CLASS="title"><A NAME="PROTOCOLS">Network Protocols Supported by CUPS</H2>
  84
  85 <P>CUPS supports most network printers using one of three TCP/IP-based protocols. Printer discovery is currently accomplished using the SNMP protocol, however future versions of CUPS will also include support for multicast DNS service discovery as well.</P>
  86
  87 <H3><A NAME="SOCKET">AppSocket Protocol</A></H3>
  88
  89 <P>The AppSocket protocol (sometimes also called the JetDirect protocol, owing to its origins with the HP JetDirect network interfaces) is the simplest, fastest, and generally the most reliable network protocol used for printers. AppSocket printing normally happens over port 9100 and uses the <tt>socket</tt> URI scheme:</P>
  90
  91 <PRE>
  92 socket://<i>ip-address-or-hostname</i>
  93 socket://<i>ip-address-or-hostname</i>?waiteof=false
  94 socket://<i>ip-address-or-hostname</i>:<i>port-number</i>
  95 socket://<i>ip-address-or-hostname</i>:<i>port-number</i>?waiteof=false
  96 </PRE>
  97
  98 <P>The "waiteof" option controls whether the <tt>socket</tt> backend waits for the printer to complete the printing of the job. The default is to wait.</P>
  99
 100 <H3><A NAME="IPP">Internet Printing Protocol (IPP)</A></H3>
 101
 102 <P>IPP is the only protocol that CUPS supports natively and is supported by some network printers and print servers. However, since many printers do not implement IPP properly, only use IPP when the vendor actually documents official support for it. IPP printing normally happens over port 631 and uses the <tt>http</tt> and <tt>ipp</tt> URI schemes:</P>
 103
 104 <PRE>
 105 http://<i>ip-address-or-hostname</i>:<i>port-number</i>/<i>resource</i>
 106 http://<i>ip-address-or-hostname</i>:<i>port-number</i>/<i>resource</i>?<i>option=value</i>
 107 http://<i>ip-address-or-hostname</i>:<i>port-number</i>/<i>resource</i>?<i>option=value&option=value</i>
 108 ipp://<i>ip-address-or-hostname</i>/<i>resource</i>
 109 ipp://<i>ip-address-or-hostname</i>/<i>resource</i>?<i>option=value</i>
 110 ipp://<i>ip-address-or-hostname</i>/<i>resource</i>?<i>option=value&option=value</i>
 111 ipp://<i>ip-address-or-hostname</i>:<i>port-number</i>/<i>resource</i>
 112 ipp://<i>ip-address-or-hostname</i>:<i>port-number</i>/<i>resource</i>?<i>option=value</i>
 113 ipp://<i>ip-address-or-hostname</i>:<i>port-number</i>/<i>resource</i>?<i>option=value&option=value</i>
 114 </PRE>
 115
 116 <P>The <tt>ipp</tt> backend supports many options, which are summarized in <A HREF="#TABLE2">Table 2</A>.</P>
 117
 118 <DIV CLASS="table"><TABLE SUMMARY="IPP URI Options">
 119 <CAPTION>Table 2: <A NAME="TABLE2">IPP URI Options</A></CAPTION>
 120 <THEAD>
 121 <TR>
 122         <TH>Option</TH>
 123         <TH>Description</TH>
 124 </TR>
 125 </THEAD>
 126 <TBODY>
 127 <TR>
 128         <TD><TT>compression=gzip</TT></TD>
 129         <TD>Specifies that print data should be compressed before sending.</TD>
 130 </TR>
 131 <TR>
 132         <TD><TT>encryption=always</TT></TD>
 133         <TD>Specifies that the connection to the IPP server should be encrypted using SSL.</TD>
 134 </TR>
 135 <TR>
 136         <TD><TT>encryption=ifrequested</TT></TD>
 137         <TD>Specifies that the connection to the IPP server should only be encrypted if the server requests it.</TD>
 138 </TR>
 139 <TR>
 140         <TD><TT>encryption=never</TT></TD>
 141         <TD>Specifies that the connection to the IPP server should not be encrypted.</TD>
 142 </TR>
 143 <TR>
 144         <TD><TT>encryption=required</TT></TD>
 145         <TD>Specifies that the connection to the IPP server should be encrypted using TLS.</TD>
 146 </TR>
 147 <TR>
 148         <TD><TT>version=1.0</TT></TD>
 149         <TD>Specifies that version 1.0 of the IPP protocol should be used instead of the default version 1.1.</TD>
 150 </TR>
 151 <TR>
 152         <TD><TT>waitjob=false</TT></TD>
 153         <TD>Specifies that the IPP backend should not wait for the job to complete.</TD>
 154 </TR>
 155 <TR>
 156         <TD><TT>waitprinter=false</TT></TD>
 157         <TD>Specifies that the IPP backend should not wait for the printer to become idle before sending the print job.</TD>
 158 </TR>
 159 </TBODY>
 160 </TABLE></DIV>
 161
 162 <H3><A NAME="LPD">Line Printer Daemon (LPD) Protocol</A></H3>
 163
 164 <P>LPD is the original network printing protocol and is supported by many network printers. Due to limitations in the LPD protocol, we do not recommend using it if the printer or server supports one of the other protocols. LPD printing normally happens over port 515 and uses the <tt>lpd</tt> URI scheme:</P>
 165
 166 <PRE>
 167 lpd://<i>ip-address-or-hostname</i>/<i>queue</i>
 168 lpd://<i>ip-address-or-hostname</i>/<i>queue</i>?<i>option=value</i>
 169 lpd://<i>ip-address-or-hostname</i>/<i>queue</i>?<i>option=value&option=value</i>
 170 </PRE>
 171
 172 <P><A HREF="#TABLE3">Table 3</A> summarizes the options supported by the <tt>lpd</tt> backend.</P>
 173
 174 <DIV CLASS="table"><TABLE SUMMARY="LPD URI Options">
 175 <CAPTION>Table 3: <A NAME="TABLE3">LPD URI Options</A></CAPTION>
 176 <THEAD>
 177 <TR>
 178         <TH>Option</TH>
 179         <TH>Description</TH>
 180 </TR>
 181 </THEAD>
 182 <TBODY>
 183 <TR>
 184         <TD><TT>banner=on</TT></TD>
 185         <TD>Specifies that a banner page should be printed by the server.</TD>
 186 </TR>
 187 <TR>
 188         <TD><TT>contimeout=<I>seconds</I></TT></TD>
 189         <TD>Specifies the number of seconds to wait for the connection to the server to complete.</TD>
 190 </TR>
 191 <TR>
 192         <TD><TT>format=c</TT></TD>
 193         <TD>Specifies that the print data is a CIF file.</TD>
 194 </TR>
 195 <TR>
 196         <TD><TT>format=d</TT></TD>
 197         <TD>Specifies that the print data is a DVI file.</TD>
 198 </TR>
 199 <TR>
 200         <TD><TT>format=f</TT></TD>
 201         <TD>Specifies that the print data is a plain text file.</TD>
 202 </TR>
 203 <TR>
 204         <TD><TT>format=g</TT></TD>
 205         <TD>Specifies that the print data is a Berkeley plot file.</TD>
 206 </TR>
 207 <TR>
 208         <TD><TT>format=l</TT></TD>
 209         <TD>Specifies that the print data is a raw (preformatted) print file.</TD>
 210 </TR>
 211 <TR>
 212         <TD><TT>format=n</TT></TD>
 213         <TD>Specifies that the print data is a ditroff file.</TD>
 214 </TR>
 215 <TR>
 216         <TD><TT>format=o</TT></TD>
 217         <TD>Specifies that the print data is a PostScript file.</TD>
 218 </TR>
 219 <TR>
 220         <TD><TT>format=p</TT></TD>
 221         <TD>Specifies that the print data is a plain text file that should be "pretty" printed with a header and footer.</TD>
 222 </TR>
 223 <TR>
 224         <TD><TT>format=r</TT></TD>
 225         <TD>Specifies that the print data is a FORTRAN carriage control file.</TD>
 226 </TR>
 227 <TR>
 228         <TD><TT>format=t</TT></TD>
 229         <TD>Specifies that the print data is a troff Graphic Systems C/A/T phototypesetter file.</TD>
 230 </TR>
 231 <TR>
 232         <TD><TT>format=v</TT></TD>
 233         <TD>Specifies that the print data is a Sun raster file.</TD>
 234 </TR>
 235 <TR>
 236         <TD><TT>order=data,control</TT></TD>
 237         <TD>Specifies that the print data files should be sent before the control file.</TD>
 238 </TR>
 239 <TR>
 240         <TD><TT>reserve=none</TT></TD>
 241         <TD>Specifies that the backend should not reserve a source port.</TD>
 242 </TR>
 243 <TR>
 244         <TD><TT>reserve=rfc1179</TT></TD>
 245         <TD>Specifies that the backend should reserve a source port from 721 to 731 as required by RFC 1179.</TD>
 246 </TR>
 247 <TR>
 248         <TD><TT>sanitize_title=no</TT></TD>
 249         <TD>Specifies that the job title string should not be restricted to ASCII characters.</TD>
 250 </TR>
 251 <TR>
 252         <TD><TT>sanitize_title=yes</TT></TD>
 253         <TD>Specifies that the job title string should be restricted to ASCII characters.</TD>
 254 </TR>
 255 <TR>
 256         <TD><TT>timeout=<I>seconds</I></TT></TD>
 257         <TD>Specifies the number of seconds to wait for LPD commands to complete.</TD>
 258 </TR>
 259 </TBODY>
 260 </TABLE></DIV>
 261
 262
 263 <H3><A NAME="URI">Common Network Printer URIs</A></H3>
 264
 265 <P>Once you have set the IP address you can access the printer or print server using the <TT>ipp</TT>, <TT>lpd</TT>, or <TT>socket</TT> backends. <A HREF="#TABLE1">Table 1</A> shows a list of common network interfaces and printer servers and the settings you should use with CUPS:</P>
 266
 267 <DIV CLASS="table"><TABLE SUMMARY="Common Device URIs">
 268 <CAPTION>Table 1: <A NAME="TABLE1">Common Device URIs</A></CAPTION>
 269 <THEAD>
 270 <TR>
 271         <TH>Model/Manufacturer</TH>
 272         <TH>Device URI(s)</TH>
 273 </TR>
 274 </THEAD>
 275 <TBODY>
 276 <TR>
 277         <TD>Apple LaserWriter</TD>
 278         <TD>lpd://<I>address</I>/PASSTHRU</TD>
 279 </TR>
 280 <TR>
 281         <TD>Axis w/o IPP<BR>
 282         Axis OfficeBasic<BR>
 283         <A HREF="#AXIS">(see directions)</A></TD>
 284         <TD>socket://<I>address</I>:9100<BR>
 285         socket://<I>address</I>:9101<BR>
 286         socket://<I>address</I>:9102</TD>
 287 </TR>
 288 <TR>
 289         <TD>Axis w/IPP</TD>
 290         <TD>ipp://<I>address</I>/LPT1<BR>
 291         ipp://<I>address</I>/LPT2<BR>
 292         ipp://<I>address</I>/COM1</TD>
 293 </TR>
 294 <TR>
 295         <TD>Castelle LANpress<SUP>TM</SUP></TD>
 296         <TD>lpd://<I>address</I>/pr1<BR>
 297         lpd://<I>address</I>/pr2<BR>
 298         lpd://<I>address</I>/pr3</TD>
 299 </TR>
 300 <TR>
 301         <TD>DPI NETPrint</TD>
 302         <TD>lpd://<I>address</I>/pr1<BR>
 303         lpd://<I>address</I>/pr2<BR>
 304         lpd://<I>address</I>/pr3</TD>
 305 </TR>
 306 <TR>
 307         <TD>DLink DP-301P+</TD>
 308         <TD>socket://<I>address</I></TD>
 309 </TR>
 310 <TR>
 311         <TD>EFI&reg; Fiery&reg; RIP</TD>
 312         <TD>lpd://<I>address</I>/print</TD>
 313 </TR>
 314 <TR>
 315         <TD>EPSON&reg; Multiprotocol Ethernet Interface Board</TD>
 316         <TD>socket://<I>address</I></TD>
 317 </TR>
 318 <TR>
 319         <TD>Extended System ExtendNET</TD>
 320         <TD>lpd://<I>address</I>/pr1<BR>
 321         lpd://<I>address</I>/pr2<BR>
 322         lpd://<I>address</I>/pr3</TD>
 323 </TR>
 324 <TR>
 325         <TD>Hewlett Packard JetDirect</TD>
 326         <TD>socket://<I>address</I>:9100<BR>
 327         socket://<I>address</I>:9101<BR>
 328         socket://<I>address</I>:9102</TD>
 329 </TR>
 330 <TR>
 331         <TD>Intel&reg; NetportExpress XL, PRO/100</TD>
 332         <TD>lpd://<I>address</I>/LPT1_PASSTHRU<BR>
 333         lpd://<I>address</I>/LPT2_PASSTHRU<BR>
 334         lpd://<I>address</I>/COM1_PASSTHRU</TD>
 335 </TR>
 336 <TR>
 337         <TD>Lexmark<SUP>TM</SUP> MarkNet</TD>
 338         <TD>lpd://<I>address</I>/ps</TD>
 339 </TR>
 340 <TR>
 341         <TD>Linksys EtherFast&reg;<BR>
 342         <A HREF="#LINKSYS">(see directions)</A></TD>
 343         <TD>socket://<I>address</I>:4010<BR>
 344         socket://<I>address</I>:4020<BR>
 345         socket://<I>address</I>:4030</TD>
 346 </TR>
 347 <TR>
 348         <TD>Linksys PSUS4</TD>
 349         <TD>lpd://<I>address</I>/lp</TD>
 350 </TR>
 351 <TR>
 352         <TD>Kodak&reg;</TD>
 353         <TD>lpd://<I>address</I>/ps</TD>
 354 </TR>
 355 <TR>
 356         <TD>QMS&reg; CrownNet<SUP>TM</SUP></TD>
 357         <TD>lpd://<I>address</I>/ps</TD>
 358 </TR>
 359 <TR>
 360         <TD>Tektronix&reg; PhaserShare<SUP>TM</SUP></TD>
 361         <TD>socket://<I>address</I>:9100</TD>
 362 </TR>
 363 <TR>
 364         <TD>XEROX&reg; 4512 NIC</TD>
 365         <TD>lpd://<I>address</I>/PORT1</TD>
 366 </TR>
 367 <TR>
 368         <TD>XEROX&reg; XNIC</TD>
 369         <TD>lpd://<I>address</I>/PASSTHRU</TD>
 370 </TR>
 371 <TR>
 372         <TD>XEROX&reg; (most others)</TD>
 373         <TD>socket://<I>address</I>:5503</TD>
 374 </TR>
 375 </TBODY>
 376 </TABLE></DIV>
 377
 378
 379 <H2 CLASS="title"><A NAME="SNMP">Troubleshooting SNMP Discovery Problems</A></H2>
 380
 381 <P>Whenever you view the administration web page or a list of supported device URIs, the <tt>snmp</tt> backend will probe the local network(s) using Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) broadcasts. Printers that respond to these broadcasts are then interrogated for the make and model and supported protocols, yielding a device URI that can be used to add the printer.</P>
 382
 383 <P>That said, the SNMP requests sometimes expose problems in vendor SNMP or IPP implementations. If you are experiencing long delays in loading the CUPS web interface administration page, or if you don't see your printer listed, the following instructions will help you to diagnose those problems and/or provide important feedback to the CUPS developers so that we can correct problems and improve the SNMP backend in future releases.</P>
 384
 385 <H3>Quick Fixes</H3>
 386
 387 <P>If you don't use "public" as your community name, create a text file called <VAR>/etc/cups/snmp.conf</VAR> and put the following line in it:</P>
 388
 389 <PRE CLASS="command">
 390 Community <I>your community name</I>
 391 </PRE>
 392
 393 <P>If you have more than one community name, list them all on separate lines.</P>
 394
 395 <P>If you don't support SNMP v1 on your network, you are currently "out of luck". That said, we will be adding v2, v2c, and v3 support in future CUPS releases once we have a handle on the actual requirements people have for such things. Please file or update an <A HREF="http://www.cups.org/str.php">SNMP enhancement request</A> with <em>specific</em> requirements you have - what you need supported, why you need it supported, and how you would like to see the functionality provided/exposed - so that we can do it "right" the first time.</P>
 396
 397 <H3>Basic Debugging</H3>
 398
 399 <P>The SNMP backend supports a debugging mode that is activated by running it from a shell prompt. If you are using Bash (/bin/bash), Bourne shell (/bin/sh), Korn shell (/bin/ksh), or Z shell (/bin/zsh), you can run the following command to get a verbose log of the SNMP backend:</P>
 400
 401 <PRE CLASS="command">
 402 CUPS_DEBUG_LEVEL=2 /usr/lib/cups/backend/snmp 2>&amp;1 | tee snmp.log
 403 </PRE>
 404
 405 <P>For C shell (/bin/csh) and TCsh (/bin/tcsh), use the following command instead:</P>
 406
 407 <PRE CLASS="command">
 408 (setenv CUPS_DEBUG_LEVEL 2; /usr/lib/cups/backend/snmp) |& tee snmp.log
 409 </PRE>
 410
 411 <P>On MacOS X you'll find the SNMP backend in /usr/libexec/cups/backend instead:</P>
 412
 413 <PRE CLASS="command">
 414 CUPS_DEBUG_LEVEL=2 /usr/libexec/cups/backend/snmp 2>&amp;1 | tee snmp.log
 415 </PRE>
 416
 417 <P>The output will look something like this:</P>
 418
 419 <PRE STYLE="margin-left: 36pt">
 420  1  INFO: Using default SNMP Address @LOCAL
 421  2  INFO: Using default SNMP Community public
 422  3  DEBUG: Scanning for devices in "public" via "@LOCAL"...
 423  4  DEBUG: 0.000 Sending 46 bytes to 192.168.2.255...
 424  5  DEBUG: SEQUENCE 44 bytes
 425  6  DEBUG:     INTEGER 1 bytes 0
 426  7  DEBUG:     OCTET STRING 6 bytes "public"
 427  8  DEBUG:     Get-Request-PDU 31 bytes
 428  9  DEBUG:         INTEGER 4 bytes 1149539174
 429 10  DEBUG:         INTEGER 1 bytes 0
 430 11  DEBUG:         INTEGER 1 bytes 0
 431 12  DEBUG:         SEQUENCE 17 bytes
 432 13  DEBUG:             SEQUENCE 15 bytes
 433 14  DEBUG:                 OID 11 bytes .1.3.6.1.2.1.25.3.2.1.2.1
 434 15  DEBUG:                 NULL VALUE 0 bytes
 435 16  DEBUG: 0.001 Received 55 bytes from 192.168.2.229...
 436 17  DEBUG: community="public"
 437 18  DEBUG: request-id=1149539174
 438 19  DEBUG: error-status=0
 439 20  DEBUG: SEQUENCE 53 bytes
 440 21  DEBUG:     INTEGER 1 bytes 0
 441 22  DEBUG:     OCTET STRING 6 bytes "public"
 442 23  DEBUG:     Get-Response-PDU 40 bytes
 443 24  DEBUG:         INTEGER 4 bytes 1149539174
 444 25  DEBUG:         INTEGER 1 bytes 0
 445 26  DEBUG:         INTEGER 1 bytes 0
 446 27  DEBUG:         SEQUENCE 26 bytes
 447 28  DEBUG:             SEQUENCE 24 bytes
 448 29  DEBUG:                 OID 11 bytes .1.3.6.1.2.1.25.3.2.1.2.1
 449 30  DEBUG:                 OID 9 bytes .1.3.6.1.2.1.25.3.1.5
 450 31  DEBUG: add_cache(addr=0xbfffe170, addrname="192.168.2.229",
 451     uri="(null)", id="(null)", make_and_model="(null)")
 452 32  DEBUG: 0.002 Sending 46 bytes to 192.168.2.229...
 453 33  DEBUG: SEQUENCE 44 bytes
 454 34  DEBUG:     INTEGER 1 bytes 0
 455 35  DEBUG:     OCTET STRING 6 bytes "public"
 456 36  DEBUG:     Get-Request-PDU 31 bytes
 457 37  DEBUG:         INTEGER 4 bytes 1149539175
 458 38  DEBUG:         INTEGER 1 bytes 0
 459 39  DEBUG:         INTEGER 1 bytes 0
 460 40  DEBUG:         SEQUENCE 17 bytes
 461 41  DEBUG:             SEQUENCE 15 bytes
 462 42  DEBUG:                 OID 11 bytes .1.3.6.1.2.1.25.3.2.1.3.1
 463 43  DEBUG:                 NULL VALUE 0 bytes
 464 44  DEBUG: 0.003 Received 69 bytes from 192.168.2.229...
 465 45  DEBUG: community="public"
 466 46  DEBUG: request-id=1149539175
 467 47  DEBUG: error-status=0
 468 48  DEBUG: SEQUENCE 67 bytes
 469 49  DEBUG:     INTEGER 1 bytes 0
 470 50  DEBUG:     OCTET STRING 6 bytes "public"
 471 51  DEBUG:     Get-Response-PDU 54 bytes
 472 52  DEBUG:         INTEGER 4 bytes 1149539175
 473 53  DEBUG:         INTEGER 1 bytes 0
 474 54  DEBUG:         INTEGER 1 bytes 0
 475 55  DEBUG:         SEQUENCE 40 bytes
 476 56  DEBUG:             SEQUENCE 38 bytes
 477 57  DEBUG:                 OID 11 bytes .1.3.6.1.2.1.25.3.2.1.3.1
 478 58  DEBUG:                 OCTET STRING 23 bytes "HP LaserJet 4000
 479     Series"
 480 59  DEBUG: 1.001 Probing 192.168.2.229...
 481 60  DEBUG: 1.001 Trying socket://192.168.2.229:9100...
 482 61  DEBUG: 192.168.2.229 supports AppSocket!
 483 62  DEBUG: 1.002 Scan complete!
 484 63  network socket://192.168.2.229 "HP LaserJet 4000 Series"
 485     "HP LaserJet 4000 Series 192.168.2.229" ""
 486 </PRE>
 487
 488 <H3>Dissecting the Output</H3>
 489
 490 <P>The first two lines are just informational and let you know that the default community name and address are being used. Lines 3-15 contain the initial SNMP query for the device type OID (.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.3.2.1.2.1) from the Host MIB.</P>
 491
 492 <P>Lines 16-31 show the response we got from an HP LaserJet 4000 network printer. At this point we discover that it is a printer device and then send another SNMP query (lines 32-43) for the device description OID (.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.3.2.1.3.1) from the Host MIB as well.</P>
 493
 494 <P>Lines 44-58 show the response to the device description query, which tells us that this is an HP LaserJet 4000 Series printer.</P>
 495
 496 <P>On line 59 we start our active connection probe and discover that this print server supports the AppSocket (JetDirect) protocol on port 9100.</P>
 497
 498 <P>Finally, line 63 shows the device information line for the print server that is sent to CUPS.</P>
 499
 500 <H3>Reporting Problems</H3>
 501
 502 If you don't see your printer listed, or the wrong information is listed, then you need to gather more information on the printer. The easiest way to do this is to run the snmpwalk command:
 503
 504 <PRE CLASS="command">
 505 snmpwalk -Cc -v 1 -c public <I>ip-address</I> | tee snmpwalk.log
 506 </PRE>
 507
 508 <P>where "ip-address" is the IP address of the printer or print server. You should see a <em>lot</em> of values stream by - the ones you want to see are:</P>
 509
 510 <PRE STYLE="margin-left: 36pt">
 511 HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrDeviceType.1 = OID: HOST-RESOURCES-TYPES::hrDevicePrinter
 512 HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrDeviceDescr.1 = STRING: HP LaserJet 4000 Series
 513 </PRE>
 514
 515 <P>The hrDeviceType line should show hrDevicePrinter; if not, then your printer or print server doesn't identify itself as a printer. The hrDeviceDescr line should provide a human-readable string for the make and model of the printer, although in some cases you'll just see something less useful like "Axis OfficeBASIC Parallel Print Server".</P>
 516
 517 <P>Once you have collected the snmpwalk output, you should go to the  <A HREF="http://www.cups.org/str.php">CUPS Bugs &amp; Features page</A> to submit a feature request to support your printer or print server. Be sure to attach those two log files you created - they will help us to identify the SNMP values we need to look for.</P>
 518
 519
 520 <H2 CLASS="title"><A NAME="SERVERS">Configuring Print Servers</A></H2>
 521
 522 <H3><A NAME="AXIS">Configuring Axis Print Servers</A></H3>
 523
 524 <P>The Axis print servers can be configured using BOOTP or DHCP. However, on models that do not provide IPP support an additional step must be performed to configure the TCP/IP portion of the print server for use with CUPS.</P>
 525
 526 <P>Each print server contains a configuration file named <VAR>config</VAR> that contains a list of network parameters used by the server. To modify this file you must first download it from the print server using the <TT>ftp(1)</TT> program:</P>
 527
 528 <PRE CLASS="command">
 529 <KBD>ftp ip-address</KBD>
 530 Connected to ip-address.
 531 220 Axis NPS ### FTP Printer Server V#.## MON DD YEAR ready.
 532 ftp> <KBD>user root</KBD>
 533 331 User name ok, need password
 534 Password: <KBD>pass</KBD> <I>(this is not echoed)</I>
 535 230 User logged in
 536 ftp> <KBD>get config</KBD>
 537 local: config remote: config
 538 200 PORT command successful.
 539 150 Opening data connection for config (192,0,2,2),
 540 (mode ascii).
 541 226 Transfer complete.
 542 ##### bytes received in #.## seconds (##### Kbytes/s)
 543 ftp> <KBD>quit</KBD>
 544 221 Goodbye.
 545 </PRE>
 546
 547 <P>Next, edit the file with your favorite text editor and locate the lines beginning with:</P>
 548
 549 <PRE CLASS="command">
 550 RTN_OPT.     : YES
 551 RTEL_PR1.    : 0
 552 RTEL_PR2.    : 0
 553 RTEL_PR3.    : 0
 554 RTEL_PR4.    : 0
 555 RTEL_PR5.    : 0
 556 RTEL_PR6.    : 0
 557 RTEL_PR7.    : 0
 558 RTEL_PR8.    : 0
 559 </PRE>
 560
 561 <P>Change the <TT>RTN_OPT</TT> line to read:</P>
 562
 563 <PRE CLASS="command">
 564 RTN_OPT.     : <KBD>NO</KBD>
 565 </PRE>
 566
 567 <P>This disables the Reverse TELNET protocol and enables the standard TELNET protocol on the print server. Next, assign a port number for each parallel and serial port on the server as follows:</P>
 568
 569 <PRE CLASS="command">
 570 RTEL_PR1.    : <KBD>9100</KBD>
 571 RTEL_PR2.    : <KBD>9101</KBD>
 572 RTEL_PR3.    : <KBD>9102</KBD>
 573 RTEL_PR4.    : <KBD>9103</KBD>
 574 RTEL_PR5.    : <KBD>9104</KBD>
 575 RTEL_PR6.    : <KBD>9105</KBD>
 576 RTEL_PR7.    : <KBD>9106</KBD>
 577 RTEL_PR8.    : <KBD>9107</KBD>
 578 </PRE>
 579
 580 <P>This essentially makes the Axis print server look like a Hewlett Packard JetDirect EX print server. Save the file and then upload the new <VAR>config</VAR> file using the <TT>ftp</TT> command:</P>
 581
 582 <PRE CLASS="command">
 583 <KBD>ftp ip-address</KBD>
 584 Connected to ip-address.
 585 220 Axis NPS ### FTP Printer Server V#.## MON DD YEAR ready.
 586 ftp> <KBD>user root</KBD>
 587 331 User name ok, need password
 588 Password: <KBD>pass</KBD> <I>(this is not echoed)</I>
 589 230 User logged in
 590 ftp> <KBD>put config CONFIG</KBD>
 591 local: config remote: CONFIG
 592 200 PORT command successful.
 593 150 Opening data connection for config (192,0,2,2), (mode ascii).
 594 226 Transfer complete.
 595 ##### bytes received in #.## seconds (##### Kbytes/s)
 596 ftp> <KBD>get hardreset</KBD>
 597 local: hardreset remote: hardreset
 598 200 PORT command successful.
 599 421 Axis NPS ### hard reset, closing connection.
 600 ftp> <KBD>quit</KBD>
 601 221 Goodbye.
 602 </PRE>
 603
 604 <P>Your Axis print server is now ready for use!</P>
 605
 606 <H3><A NAME="LINKSYS">Configuring Linksys Print Servers</A></H3>
 607
 608 <P>The Linksys print servers can be configured using BOOTP or DHCP. Like older Axis print servers, an additional step must be performed to configure the TCP/IP portion of the print server for use with CUPS.</P>
 609
 610 <P>Each print server contains a configuration file named <VAR>CONFIG</VAR> that contains a list of network parameters used by the server. To modify this file you must first download it from the print server using the <TT>ftp(1)</TT> program:</P>
 611
 612 <PRE CLASS="command">
 613 <KBD>ftp -n ip-address</KBD>
 614 Connected to ip-address.
 615 220 Print Server Ready.
 616 Remote system type is Print.
 617 ftp> <KBD>get CONFIG</KBD>
 618 local: CONFIG remote: CONFIG
 619 200 Command OK.
 620 150 Open ASCII Mode Connection.
 621 WARNING! 68 bare linefeeds received in ASCII mode
 622 File may not have transferred correctly.
 623 226 Transfer complete.
 624 ##### bytes received in #.## seconds (##### Kbytes/s)
 625 ftp> <KBD>quit</KBD>
 626 221 Goodbye.
 627 </PRE>
 628
 629 <P>Next, edit the file with your favorite text editor and locate the lines beginning with:</P>
 630
 631 <PRE CLASS="command">
 632 0100 L1_PROUT:P1
 633 0120 L2_PROUT:P1
 634 0140 L3_PROUT:P1
 635 </PRE>
 636
 637 <P>Change the port number for each parallel and serial port on the server as follows:</P>
 638
 639 <PRE CLASS="command">
 640 0100 L1_PROUT:<KBD>P1</KBD>
 641 0120 L2_PROUT:<KBD>P2</KBD>
 642 0140 L3_PROUT:<KBD>P3</KBD>
 643 </PRE>
 644
 645 <P>This maps each virtual printer with a physical port. Save the file and then upload the new <VAR>CONFIG</VAR> file using the <TT>ftp</TT> command:</P>
 646
 647 <PRE CLASS="command">
 648 <KBD>ftp -n ip-address</KBD>
 649 Connected to ip-address.
 650 220 Print Server Ready.
 651 Remote system type is Print.
 652 ftp> <KBD>put CONFIG</KBD>
 653 local: CONFIG remote: CONFIG
 654 200 Command OK.
 655 150 Open ASCII Mode Connection.
 656 226 Transfer complete.
 657 ##### bytes received in #.## seconds (##### Kbytes/s)
 658 ftp> <KBD>quit</KBD>
 659 221 Goodbye.
 660 </PRE>
 661
 662 <P>Your Linksys print server is now ready for use!</P>
 663
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