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 453 <!--
 454   Raster printer driver documentation for CUPS.
 455
 456   Copyright © 2007-2018 by Apple Inc.
 457   Copyright © 1997-2007 by Easy Software Products.
 458
 459   Licensed under Apache License v2.0.  See the file "LICENSE" for more
 460   information.
 461 -->
 462
 463 <h1 class='title'>Developing Raster Printer Drivers</h1>
 464
 465 <p>This document describes how to develop printer drivers for raster printers. Topics include: <a href='#BASICS'>printer driver basics</a>, <a href='#CREATE'>creating new PPD files</a>, <a href='#FILTERS'>using filters</a>, <a href='#COLOR'>implementing color management</a>, and <a href='#MACOSX'>adding macOS features</a>.</p>
 466
 467 <div class='summary'><table summary='General Information'>
 468 <tbody>
 469 <tr>
 470         <th>See Also</th>
 471         <td>Programming: <a href='postscript-driver.html'>Developing PostScript Printer Drivers</a><br>
 472         Programming: <a href='api-filter.html'>Filter and Backend Programming</a><br>
 473         Programming: <a href='ppd-compiler.html'>Introduction to the PPD Compiler</a><br>
 474         Programming: <a href='api-raster.html'>Raster API</a><br>
 475         References: <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html'>PPD Compiler Driver Information File Reference</a><br>
 476         Specifications: <a href='spec-ppd.html'>CUPS PPD Extensions</a></td>
 477 </tr>
 478 </tbody>
 479 </table></div>
 480     <div class="contents">
 481       <h2 class="title">Contents</h2>
 482       <ul class="contents">
 483         <li><a href="#BASICS">Printer Driver Basics</a></li>
 484         <li><a href="#CREATING">Creating New PPD Files</a></li>
 485         <li><a href="#FILTERS">Using Filters</a></li>
 486         <li><a href="#COLOR">Implementing Color Management</a></li>
 487         <li><a href="#MACOSX">Adding macOS Features</a></li>
 488       </ul>
 489     </div>
 490     <div class="body">
 491 <h2 class='title'><a name='BASICS'>Printer Driver Basics</a></h2>
 492
 493 <p>A CUPS raster printer driver consists of a PostScript Printer Description (PPD) file that describes the features and capabilities of the device, one or more <em>filter</em> programs that prepare print data for the device, and zero or more support files for color management, online help, and so forth. The PPD file includes references to all of the filters and support files used by the driver.</p>
 494
 495 <p>Every time a user prints something the scheduler program, <a href='man-cupsd.html'>cupsd(8)</a>, determines the format of the print job and the programs required to convert that job into something the printer understands. CUPS includes filter programs for many common formats, for example to convert Portable Document Format (PDF) files into CUPS raster data. <a href='#FIGURE_1'>Figure 1</a> shows the data flow of a typical print job.</p>
 496
 497 <div class='figure'><table summary='Raster Filter Chain'>
 498 <caption>Figure 1: <a name='FIGURE_1'>Raster Filter Chain</a></caption>
 499 <tr><td><img src='../images/cups-raster-chain.png' width='700' height='150' alt='Raster Filter Chain'></td></tr>
 500 </table></div>
 501
 502 <p>The raster filter converts CUPS raster data into a format the printer understands, for example HP-PCL. CUPS includes several sample raster filters supporting standard page description languages (PDLs). <a href='#TABLE_1'>Table 1</a> shows the raster filters that are bundled with CUPS and the languages they support.</p>
 503
 504 <div class='table'><table summary='Standard CUPS Raster Filters'>
 505 <caption>Table 1: <a name='TABLE_1'>Standard CUPS Raster Filters</a></caption>
 506 <thead>
 507 <tr><th>Filter</th><th>PDLs</th><th>ppdc DriverType</th><th>ppdc #include file</th></tr>
 508 </thead>
 509 <tbody>
 510 <tr><td>rastertoepson</td><td>ESC/P, ESC/P2</td><td>epson</td><td>epson.h</td></tr>
 511 <tr><td>rastertoescpx</td><td>ESC/P, ESC/P2, EPSON Remote Mode</td><td>escp</td><td>escp.h</td></tr>
 512 <tr><td>rastertohp</td><td>HP-PCL3, HP-PCL5</td><td>hp</td><td>hp.h</td></tr>
 513 <tr><td>rastertolabel</td><td>CPCL, Dymo, EPL1, EPL2, Intellitech PCL, ZPL</td><td>label</td><td>label.h</td></tr>
 514 <tr><td>rastertopclx</td><td>HP-RTL, HP-PCL3, HP-PCL3GUI, HP-PCL5, HP-PCL5c, HP-PCL5e</td><td>pcl</td><td>pcl.h</td></tr>
 515 </tbody>
 516 </table></div>
 517
 518 <p>The optional port monitor handles interface-specific protocol or encoding issues. For example, some raster printers use the 1284.4 communications protocol.</p>
 519
 520 <p>The backend handles communications with the printer, sending print data from the last filter to the printer and relaying back-channel data from the printer to the upstream filters. CUPS includes backend programs for common direct-connect interfaces and network protocols, and you can provide your own backend to support custom interfaces and protocols.</p>
 521
 522 <p>The scheduler also supports a special "command" file format for sending maintenance commands and status queries to a printer or printer driver. Command print jobs typically use a single command filter program defined in the PPD file to generate the appropriate printer commands and handle any responses from the printer. <a href='#FIGURE_2'>Figure 2</a> shows the data flow of a typical command job.</p>
 523
 524 <div class='figure'><table summary='Command Filter Chain'>
 525 <caption>Figure 2: <a name='FIGURE_2'>Command Filter Chain</a></caption>
 526 <tr><td><img src='../images/cups-command-chain.png' width='575' height='150' alt='Command Filter Chain'></td></tr>
 527 </table></div>
 528
 529 <p>Raster printer drivers must provide their own command filter.</p>
 530
 531
 532 <h2 class='title'><a name='CREATING'>Creating New PPD Files</a></h2>
 533
 534 <p>We recommend using the CUPS PPD compiler, <a href='man-ppdc.html'>ppdc(1)</a>, to create new PPD files since it manages many of the tedious (and error-prone!) details of paper sizes and localization for you. It also allows you to easily support multiple devices from a single source file. For more information see the "<a href='ppd-compiler.html'>Introduction to the PPD Compiler</a>" document. <a href='#LISTING_1'>Listing 1</a> shows a driver information file for several similar black-and-white HP-PCL5 laser printers.</p>
 535
 536 <p class='example'>Listing 1: <a name='LISTING_1'>"examples/laserjet-basic.drv"</a></p>
 537
 538 <pre class='example'>
 539 <I>// Include standard font and media definitions</I>
 540 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#_include'>#include</a> &lt;font.defs&gt;
 541 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#_include'>#include</a> &lt;media.defs&gt;
 542
 543 <I>// Include HP-PCL driver definitions</I>
 544 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#_include'>#include</a> &lt;pcl.h&gt;
 545
 546 <I>// Specify that this driver uses the HP-PCL driver...</I>
 547 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'>DriverType</a> pcl
 548
 549 <I>// Specify the driver options via the model number...</I>
 550 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelNumber'>ModelNumber</a> ($PCL_PAPER_SIZE $PCL_PJL $PCL_PJL_RESOLUTION)
 551
 552 <I>// List the fonts that are supported, in this case all standard fonts...</I>
 553 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Font'>Font</a> *
 554
 555 <I>// Manufacturer and driver version</I>
 556 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Manufacturer'>Manufacturer</a> "HP"
 557 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Version'>Version</a> 1.0
 558
 559 <I>// Supported page sizes and their margins</I>
 560 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#HWMargins'>HWMargins</a> 18 12 18 12
 561 *<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Letter
 562 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Legal
 563 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Executive
 564 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Monarch
 565 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Statement
 566 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> FanFoldGermanLegal
 567
 568 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#HWMargins'>HWMargins</a> 18 12.72 18 12.72
 569 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Env10
 570
 571 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#HWMargins'>HWMargins</a> 9.72 12 9.72 12
 572 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> A4
 573 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> A5
 574 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> B5
 575 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> EnvC5
 576 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> EnvDL
 577 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> EnvISOB5
 578 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Postcard
 579 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> DoublePostcard
 580
 581 <I>// Only black-and-white output with mode 3 compression...</I>
 582 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ColorModel'>ColorModel</a> Gray k chunky 3
 583
 584 <I>// Supported resolutions</I>
 585 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Resolution'>Resolution</a> - 1 0 0 0 "300dpi/300 DPI"
 586 *<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Resolution'>Resolution</a> - 8 0 0 0 "600dpi/600 DPI"
 587
 588 <I>// Supported input slots</I>
 589 *<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 7 "Auto/Automatic Selection"
 590 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 2 "Manual/Tray 1 - Manual Feed"
 591 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 4 "Upper/Tray 1"
 592 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 1 "Lower/Tray 2"
 593 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 5 "LargeCapacity/Tray 3"
 594
 595 <I>// Tray 3 is an option...</I>
 596 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Installable'>Installable</a> "OptionLargeCapacity/Tray 3 Installed"
 597 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#UIConstraints'>UIConstraints</a> "*OptionLargeCapacity False *InputSlot LargeCapacity"
 598
 599 {
 600   <I>// HP LaserJet 2100 Series</I>
 601   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Throughput'>Throughput</a> 10
 602   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelName'>ModelName</a> "LaserJet 2100 Series"
 603   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#PCFileName'>PCFileName</a> "hpljt211.ppd"
 604 }
 605
 606 {
 607   <I>// LaserJet 2200 and 2300 series have duplexer option...</I>
 608   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Duplex'>Duplex</a> normal
 609   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Installable'>Installable</a> "OptionDuplex/Duplexer Installed"
 610   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#UIConstraints'>UIConstraints</a> "*OptionDuplex False *Duplex"
 611
 612   {
 613     <I>// HP LaserJet 2200 Series</I>
 614     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Throughput'>Throughput</a> 19
 615     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelName'>ModelName</a> "LaserJet 2200 Series"
 616     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#PCFileName'>PCFileName</a> "hpljt221.ppd"
 617   }
 618
 619   {
 620     <I>// HP LaserJet 2300 Series</I>
 621     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Throughput'>Throughput</a> 25
 622     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelName'>ModelName</a> "LaserJet 2300 Series"
 623     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#PCFileName'>PCFileName</a> "hpljt231.ppd"
 624   }
 625 }
 626 </pre>
 627
 628
 629 <h2 class='title'><a name='FILTERS'>Using Filters</a></h2>
 630
 631 <p>The standard CUPS raster filters can be specified using the
 632 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'><tt>DriverType</tt></a> directive, for example:</p>
 633
 634 <pre class='example'>
 635 <I>// Specify that this driver uses the HP-PCL driver...</I>
 636 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'>DriverType</a> pcl
 637 </pre>
 638
 639 <p><a href='#TABLE_1'>Table 1</a> shows the driver types for each of the standard CUPS raster filters. For drivers that do not use the standard raster filters, the "custom" type is used with <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'><tt>Filter</tt></a> directives:</p>
 640
 641 <pre class='example'>
 642 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'>DriverType</a> custom
 643 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/vnd.cups-raster 100 /path/to/raster/filter
 644 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/vnd.cups-command 100 /path/to/command/filter
 645 </pre>
 646
 647
 648 <h2 class='title'><a name='COLOR'>Implementing Color Management</a></h2>
 649
 650 <p>CUPS uses ICC color profiles to provide more accurate color reproduction. The <a href='spec-ppd.html#cupsICCProfile'><tt>cupsICCProfile</tt></a> attribute defines the color profiles that are available for a given printer, for example:</p>
 651
 652 <pre class='example'>
 653 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "ColorModel.MediaType.Resolution/Description" /path/to/ICC/profile
 654 </pre>
 655
 656 <p>where "ColorModel.MediaType.Resolution" defines a selector based on the corresponding option selections. A simple driver might only define profiles for the color models that are supported, for example a printer supporting Gray and RGB might use:</p>
 657
 658 <pre class='example'>
 659 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "Gray../Grayscale Profile" /path/to/ICC/gray-profile
 660 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "RGB../Full Color Profile" /path/to/ICC/rgb-profile
 661 </pre>
 662
 663 <p>The options used for profile selection can be customized using the <tt>cupsICCQualifier2</tt> and <tt>cupsICCQualifier3</tt> attributes.</p>
 664
 665 <h3><span class='info'>Since macOS 10.5</span>Custom Color Matching Support</h3>
 666
 667 <p>macOS printer drivers that are based on an existing standard RGB colorspace can tell the system to use the corresponding colorspace instead of an arbitrary ICC color profile when doing color management. The <a href='#APCustom'><tt>APSupportsCustomColorMatching</tt></a> and <tt>APDefaultCustomColorMatchingProfile</tt> attributes can be used to enable this mode:</p>
 668
 669 <pre class='example'>
 670 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APSupportsCustomColorMatching "" true
 671 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APDefaultCustomColorMatchingProfile "" sRGB
 672 </pre>
 673
 674
 675 <h2 class='title'><a name='MACOSX'>Adding macOS Features</a></h2>
 676
 677 <p>macOS printer drivers can provide <a href='spec-ppd.html#MACOSX'>additional attributes</a> to specify additional option panes in the print dialog, an image of the printer, a help book, and option presets for the driver software:</p>
 678
 679 <pre class='example'>
 680 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APDialogExtension "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.plugin
 681 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APHelpBook "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.bundle
 682 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APPrinterIconPath "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.icns
 683 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APPrinterPreset "name/text" "*option choice ..."
 684 </pre>
 685     </div>
 686   </body>
 687 </html>