doc/help/raster-driver.html

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 357 <!--
 358   Raster printer driver documentation for CUPS.
 359
 360   Copyright 2007-2012 by Apple Inc.
 361   Copyright 1997-2007 by Easy Software Products.
 362
 363   These coded instructions, statements, and computer programs are the
 364   property of Apple Inc. and are protected by Federal copyright
 365   law.  Distribution and use rights are outlined in the file "LICENSE.txt"
 366   which should have been included with this file.  If this file is
 367   file is missing or damaged, see the license at "http://www.cups.org/".
 368 -->
 369
 370 <h1 class='title'>Developing Raster Printer Drivers</h1>
 371
 372 <p>This document describes how to develop printer drivers for raster printers. Topics include: <a href='#BASICS'>printer driver basics</a>, <a href='#CREATE'>creating new PPD files</a>, <a href='#FILTERS'>using filters</a>, <a href='#COLOR'>implementing color management</a>, and <a href='#MACOSX'>adding macOS features</a>.</p>
 373
 374 <div class='summary'><table summary='General Information'>
 375 <tbody>
 376 <tr>
 377         <th>See Also</th>
 378         <td>Programming: <a href='postscript-driver.html'>Developing PostScript Printer Drivers</a><br>
 379         Programming: <a href='api-filter.html'>Filter and Backend Programming</a><br>
 380         Programming: <a href='ppd-compiler.html'>Introduction to the PPD Compiler</a><br>
 381         Programming: <a href='api-raster.html'>Raster API</a><br>
 382         References: <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html'>PPD Compiler Driver Information File Reference</a><br>
 383         Specifications: <a href='spec-ppd.html'>CUPS PPD Extensions</a></td>
 384 </tr>
 385 </tbody>
 386 </table></div>
 387     <div class="contents">
 388       <h2 class="title">Contents</h2>
 389       <ul class="contents">
 390         <li><a href="#BASICS">Printer Driver Basics</a></li>
 391         <li><a href="#CREATING">Creating New PPD Files</a></li>
 392         <li><a href="#FILTERS">Using Filters</a></li>
 393         <li><a href="#COLOR">Implementing Color Management</a></li>
 394         <li><a href="#MACOSX">Adding macOS Features</a></li>
 395       </ul>
 396     </div>
 397     <div class="body">
 398 <h2 class='title'><a name='BASICS'>Printer Driver Basics</a></h2>
 399
 400 <p>A CUPS raster printer driver consists of a PostScript Printer Description (PPD) file that describes the features and capabilities of the device, one or more <em>filter</em> programs that prepare print data for the device, and zero or more support files for color management, online help, and so forth. The PPD file includes references to all of the filters and support files used by the driver.</p>
 401
 402 <p>Every time a user prints something the scheduler program, <a href='man-cupsd.html'>cupsd(8)</a>, determines the format of the print job and the programs required to convert that job into something the printer understands. CUPS includes filter programs for many common formats, for example to convert Portable Document Format (PDF) files into CUPS raster data. <a href='#FIGURE_1'>Figure 1</a> shows the data flow of a typical print job.</p>
 403
 404 <div class='figure'><table summary='Raster Filter Chain'>
 405 <caption>Figure 1: <a name='FIGURE_1'>Raster Filter Chain</a></caption>
 406 <tr><td><img src='../images/cups-raster-chain.png' width='700' height='150' alt='Raster Filter Chain'></td></tr>
 407 </table></div>
 408
 409 <p>The raster filter converts CUPS raster data into a format the printer understands, for example HP-PCL. CUPS includes several sample raster filters supporting standard page description languages (PDLs). <a href='#TABLE_1'>Table 1</a> shows the raster filters that are bundled with CUPS and the languages they support.</p>
 410
 411 <div class='table'><table summary='Standard CUPS Raster Filters'>
 412 <caption>Table 1: <a name='TABLE_1'>Standard CUPS Raster Filters</a></caption>
 413 <thead>
 414 <tr><th>Filter</th><th>PDLs</th><th>ppdc DriverType</th><th>ppdc #include file</th></tr>
 415 </thead>
 416 <tbody>
 417 <tr><td>rastertoepson</td><td>ESC/P, ESC/P2</td><td>epson</td><td>epson.h</td></tr>
 418 <tr><td>rastertoescpx</td><td>ESC/P, ESC/P2, EPSON Remote Mode</td><td>escp</td><td>escp.h</td></tr>
 419 <tr><td>rastertohp</td><td>HP-PCL3, HP-PCL5</td><td>hp</td><td>hp.h</td></tr>
 420 <tr><td>rastertolabel</td><td>CPCL, Dymo, EPL1, EPL2, Intellitech PCL, ZPL</td><td>label</td><td>label.h</td></tr>
 421 <tr><td>rastertopclx</td><td>HP-RTL, HP-PCL3, HP-PCL3GUI, HP-PCL5, HP-PCL5c, HP-PCL5e</td><td>pcl</td><td>pcl.h</td></tr>
 422 </tbody>
 423 </table></div>
 424
 425 <p>The optional port monitor handles interface-specific protocol or encoding issues. For example, some raster printers use the 1284.4 communications protocol.</p>
 426
 427 <p>The backend handles communications with the printer, sending print data from the last filter to the printer and relaying back-channel data from the printer to the upstream filters. CUPS includes backend programs for common direct-connect interfaces and network protocols, and you can provide your own backend to support custom interfaces and protocols.</p>
 428
 429 <p>The scheduler also supports a special "command" file format for sending maintenance commands and status queries to a printer or printer driver. Command print jobs typically use a single command filter program defined in the PPD file to generate the appropriate printer commands and handle any responses from the printer. <a href='#FIGURE_2'>Figure 2</a> shows the data flow of a typical command job.</p>
 430
 431 <div class='figure'><table summary='Command Filter Chain'>
 432 <caption>Figure 2: <a name='FIGURE_2'>Command Filter Chain</a></caption>
 433 <tr><td><img src='../images/cups-command-chain.png' width='575' height='150' alt='Command Filter Chain'></td></tr>
 434 </table></div>
 435
 436 <p>Raster printer drivers must provide their own command filter.</p>
 437
 438
 439 <h2 class='title'><a name='CREATING'>Creating New PPD Files</a></h2>
 440
 441 <p>We recommend using the CUPS PPD compiler, <a href='man-ppdc.html'>ppdc(1)</a>, to create new PPD files since it manages many of the tedious (and error-prone!) details of paper sizes and localization for you. It also allows you to easily support multiple devices from a single source file. For more information see the "<a href='ppd-compiler.html'>Introduction to the PPD Compiler</a>" document. <a href='#LISTING_1'>Listing 1</a> shows a driver information file for several similar black-and-white HP-PCL5 laser printers.</p>
 442
 443 <p class='example'>Listing 1: <a name='LISTING_1'>"examples/laserjet-basic.drv"</a></p>
 444
 445 <pre class='example'>
 446 <I>// Include standard font and media definitions</I>
 447 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#_include'>#include</a> &lt;font.defs&gt;
 448 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#_include'>#include</a> &lt;media.defs&gt;
 449
 450 <I>// Include HP-PCL driver definitions</I>
 451 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#_include'>#include</a> &lt;pcl.h&gt;
 452
 453 <I>// Specify that this driver uses the HP-PCL driver...</I>
 454 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'>DriverType</a> pcl
 455
 456 <I>// Specify the driver options via the model number...</I>
 457 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelNumber'>ModelNumber</a> ($PCL_PAPER_SIZE $PCL_PJL $PCL_PJL_RESOLUTION)
 458
 459 <I>// List the fonts that are supported, in this case all standard fonts...</I>
 460 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Font'>Font</a> *
 461
 462 <I>// Manufacturer and driver version</I>
 463 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Manufacturer'>Manufacturer</a> "HP"
 464 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Version'>Version</a> 1.0
 465
 466 <I>// Supported page sizes and their margins</I>
 467 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#HWMargins'>HWMargins</a> 18 12 18 12
 468 *<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Letter
 469 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Legal
 470 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Executive
 471 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Monarch
 472 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Statement
 473 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> FanFoldGermanLegal
 474
 475 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#HWMargins'>HWMargins</a> 18 12.72 18 12.72
 476 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Env10
 477
 478 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#HWMargins'>HWMargins</a> 9.72 12 9.72 12
 479 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> A4
 480 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> A5
 481 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> B5
 482 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> EnvC5
 483 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> EnvDL
 484 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> EnvISOB5
 485 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Postcard
 486 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> DoublePostcard
 487
 488 <I>// Only black-and-white output with mode 3 compression...</I>
 489 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ColorModel'>ColorModel</a> Gray k chunky 3
 490
 491 <I>// Supported resolutions</I>
 492 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Resolution'>Resolution</a> - 1 0 0 0 "300dpi/300 DPI"
 493 *<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Resolution'>Resolution</a> - 8 0 0 0 "600dpi/600 DPI"
 494
 495 <I>// Supported input slots</I>
 496 *<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 7 "Auto/Automatic Selection"
 497 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 2 "Manual/Tray 1 - Manual Feed"
 498 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 4 "Upper/Tray 1"
 499 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 1 "Lower/Tray 2"
 500 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 5 "LargeCapacity/Tray 3"
 501
 502 <I>// Tray 3 is an option...</I>
 503 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Installable'>Installable</a> "OptionLargeCapacity/Tray 3 Installed"
 504 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#UIConstraints'>UIConstraints</a> "*OptionLargeCapacity False *InputSlot LargeCapacity"
 505
 506 {
 507   <I>// HP LaserJet 2100 Series</I>
 508   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Throughput'>Throughput</a> 10
 509   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelName'>ModelName</a> "LaserJet 2100 Series"
 510   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#PCFileName'>PCFileName</a> "hpljt211.ppd"
 511 }
 512
 513 {
 514   <I>// LaserJet 2200 and 2300 series have duplexer option...</I>
 515   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Duplex'>Duplex</a> normal
 516   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Installable'>Installable</a> "OptionDuplex/Duplexer Installed"
 517   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#UIConstraints'>UIConstraints</a> "*OptionDuplex False *Duplex"
 518
 519   {
 520     <I>// HP LaserJet 2200 Series</I>
 521     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Throughput'>Throughput</a> 19
 522     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelName'>ModelName</a> "LaserJet 2200 Series"
 523     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#PCFileName'>PCFileName</a> "hpljt221.ppd"
 524   }
 525
 526   {
 527     <I>// HP LaserJet 2300 Series</I>
 528     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Throughput'>Throughput</a> 25
 529     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelName'>ModelName</a> "LaserJet 2300 Series"
 530     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#PCFileName'>PCFileName</a> "hpljt231.ppd"
 531   }
 532 }
 533 </pre>
 534
 535
 536 <h2 class='title'><a name='FILTERS'>Using Filters</a></h2>
 537
 538 <p>The standard CUPS raster filters can be specified using the
 539 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'><tt>DriverType</tt></a> directive, for example:</p>
 540
 541 <pre class='example'>
 542 <I>// Specify that this driver uses the HP-PCL driver...</I>
 543 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'>DriverType</a> pcl
 544 </pre>
 545
 546 <p><a href='#TABLE_1'>Table 1</a> shows the driver types for each of the standard CUPS raster filters. For drivers that do not use the standard raster filters, the "custom" type is used with <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'><tt>Filter</tt></a> directives:</p>
 547
 548 <pre class='example'>
 549 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'>DriverType</a> custom
 550 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/vnd.cups-raster 100 /path/to/raster/filter
 551 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/vnd.cups-command 100 /path/to/command/filter
 552 </pre>
 553
 554
 555 <h2 class='title'><a name='COLOR'>Implementing Color Management</a></h2>
 556
 557 <p>CUPS uses ICC color profiles to provide more accurate color reproduction. The <a href='spec-ppd.html#cupsICCProfile'><tt>cupsICCProfile</tt></a> attribute defines the color profiles that are available for a given printer, for example:</p>
 558
 559 <pre class='example'>
 560 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "ColorModel.MediaType.Resolution/Description" /path/to/ICC/profile
 561 </pre>
 562
 563 <p>where "ColorModel.MediaType.Resolution" defines a selector based on the corresponding option selections. A simple driver might only define profiles for the color models that are supported, for example a printer supporting Gray and RGB might use:</p>
 564
 565 <pre class='example'>
 566 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "Gray../Grayscale Profile" /path/to/ICC/gray-profile
 567 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "RGB../Full Color Profile" /path/to/ICC/rgb-profile
 568 </pre>
 569
 570 <p>The options used for profile selection can be customized using the <tt>cupsICCQualifier2</tt> and <tt>cupsICCQualifier3</tt> attributes.</p>
 571
 572 <h3><span class='info'>Since macOS 10.5</span>Custom Color Matching Support</h3>
 573
 574 <p>macOS printer drivers that are based on an existing standard RGB colorspace can tell the system to use the corresponding colorspace instead of an arbitrary ICC color profile when doing color management. The <a href='#APCustom'><tt>APSupportsCustomColorMatching</tt></a> and <tt>APDefaultCustomColorMatchingProfile</tt> attributes can be used to enable this mode:</p>
 575
 576 <pre class='example'>
 577 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APSupportsCustomColorMatching "" true
 578 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APDefaultCustomColorMatchingProfile "" sRGB
 579 </pre>
 580
 581
 582 <h2 class='title'><a name='MACOSX'>Adding macOS Features</a></h2>
 583
 584 <p>macOS printer drivers can provide <a href='spec-ppd.html#MACOSX'>additional attributes</a> to specify additional option panes in the print dialog, an image of the printer, a help book, and option presets for the driver software:</p>
 585
 586 <pre class='example'>
 587 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APDialogExtension "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.plugin
 588 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APHelpBook "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.bundle
 589 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APPrinterIconPath "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.icns
 590 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APPrinterPreset "name/text" "*option choice ..."
 591 </pre>
 592     </div>
 593   </body>
 594 </html>