Fix a scheduler crash bug (rdar://42198057)

[thirdparty/cups.git] / scheduler / job.c

/*
 * Job management routines for the CUPS scheduler.
 *
 * Copyright © 2007-2018 by Apple Inc.
 * Copyright © 1997-2007 by Easy Software Products, all rights reserved.
 *
 * Licensed under Apache License v2.0.  See the file "LICENSE" for more
 * information.
 */

/*
 * Include necessary headers...
 */

#include "cupsd.h"
#include <grp.h>
#include <cups/backend.h>
#include <cups/dir.h>
#ifdef __APPLE__
#  include <IOKit/pwr_mgt/IOPMLib.h>
#  ifdef HAVE_IOKIT_PWR_MGT_IOPMLIBPRIVATE_H
#    include <IOKit/pwr_mgt/IOPMLibPrivate.h>
#  endif /* HAVE_IOKIT_PWR_MGT_IOPMLIBPRIVATE_H */
#endif /* __APPLE__ */


/*
 * Design Notes for Job Management
 * -------------------------------
 *
 * STATE CHANGES
 *
 *     pending       Do nothing/check jobs
 *     pending-held  Send SIGTERM to filters and backend
 *     processing    Do nothing/start job
 *     stopped       Send SIGKILL to filters and backend
 *     canceled      Send SIGTERM to filters and backend
 *     aborted       Finalize
 *     completed     Finalize
 *
 *     Finalize clears the printer <-> job association, deletes the status
 *     buffer, closes all of the pipes, etc. and doesn't get run until all of
 *     the print processes are finished.
 *
 * UNLOADING OF JOBS (cupsdUnloadCompletedJobs)
 *
 *     We unload the job attributes when they are not needed to reduce overall
 *     memory consumption.  We don't unload jobs where job->state_value <
 *     IPP_JOB_STOPPED, job->printer != NULL, or job->access_time is recent.
 *
 * STARTING OF JOBS (start_job)
 *
 *     When a job is started, a status buffer, several pipes, a security
 *     profile, and a backend process are created for the life of that job.
 *     These are shared for every file in a job.  For remote print jobs, the
 *     IPP backend is provided with every file in the job and no filters are
 *     run.
 *
 *     The job->printer member tracks which printer is printing a job, which
 *     can be different than the destination in job->dest for classes.  The
 *     printer object also has a job pointer to track which job is being
 *     printed.
 *
 * PRINTING OF JOB FILES (cupsdContinueJob)
 *
 *     Each file in a job is filtered by 0 or more programs.  After getting the
 *     list of filters needed and the total cost, the job is either passed or
 *     put back to the processing state until the current FilterLevel comes down
 *     enough to allow printing.
 *
 *     If we can print, we build a string for the print options and run each of
 *     the filters, piping the output from one into the next.
 *
 * JOB STATUS UPDATES (update_job)
 *
 *     The update_job function gets called whenever there are pending messages
 *     on the status pipe.  These generally are updates to the marker-*,
 *     printer-state-message, or printer-state-reasons attributes.  On EOF,
 *     finalize_job is called to clean up.
 *
 * FINALIZING JOBS (finalize_job)
 *
 *     When all filters and the backend are done, we set the job state to
 *     completed (no errors), aborted (filter errors or abort-job policy),
 *     pending-held (auth required or retry-job policy), or pending
 *     (retry-current-job or stop-printer policies) as appropriate.
 *
 *     Then we close the pipes and free the status buffers and profiles.
 *
 * JOB FILE COMPLETION (process_children in main.c)
 *
 *     For multiple-file jobs, process_children (in main.c) sees that all
 *     filters have exited and calls in to print the next file if there are
 *     more files in the job, otherwise it waits for the backend to exit and
 *     update_job to do the cleanup.
 */


/*
 * Local globals...
 */

static mime_filter_t    gziptoany_filter =
                        {
                          NULL,         /* Source type */
                          NULL,         /* Destination type */
                          0,            /* Cost */
                          "gziptoany"   /* Filter program to run */
                        };


/*
 * Local functions...
 */

static int      compare_active_jobs(void *first, void *second, void *data);
static int      compare_completed_jobs(void *first, void *second, void *data);
static int      compare_jobs(void *first, void *second, void *data);
static void     dump_job_history(cupsd_job_t *job);
static void     finalize_job(cupsd_job_t *job, int set_job_state);
static void     free_job_history(cupsd_job_t *job);
static char     *get_options(cupsd_job_t *job, int banner_page, char *copies,
                             size_t copies_size, char *title,
                             size_t title_size);
static size_t   ipp_length(ipp_t *ipp);
static void     load_job_cache(const char *filename);
static void     load_next_job_id(const char *filename);
static void     load_request_root(void);
static void     remove_job_files(cupsd_job_t *job);
static void     remove_job_history(cupsd_job_t *job);
static void     set_time(cupsd_job_t *job, const char *name);
static void     start_job(cupsd_job_t *job, cupsd_printer_t *printer);
static void     stop_job(cupsd_job_t *job, cupsd_jobaction_t action);
static void     unload_job(cupsd_job_t *job);
static void     update_job(cupsd_job_t *job);
static void     update_job_attrs(cupsd_job_t *job, int do_message);


/*
 * 'cupsdAddJob()' - Add a new job to the job queue.
 */

cupsd_job_t *                           /* O - New job record */
cupsdAddJob(int        priority,        /* I - Job priority */
            const char *dest)           /* I - Job destination */
{
  cupsd_job_t   *job;                   /* New job record */


  if ((job = calloc(sizeof(cupsd_job_t), 1)) == NULL)
    return (NULL);

  job->id              = NextJobId ++;
  job->priority        = priority;
  job->back_pipes[0]   = -1;
  job->back_pipes[1]   = -1;
  job->print_pipes[0]  = -1;
  job->print_pipes[1]  = -1;
  job->side_pipes[0]   = -1;
  job->side_pipes[1]   = -1;
  job->status_pipes[0] = -1;
  job->status_pipes[1] = -1;

  cupsdSetString(&job->dest, dest);

 /*
  * Add the new job to the "all jobs" and "active jobs" lists...
  */

  cupsArrayAdd(Jobs, job);
  cupsArrayAdd(ActiveJobs, job);

  return (job);
}


/*
 * 'cupsdCancelJobs()' - Cancel all jobs for the given destination/user.
 */

void
cupsdCancelJobs(const char *dest,       /* I - Destination to cancel */
                const char *username,   /* I - Username or NULL */
                int        purge)       /* I - Purge jobs? */
{
  cupsd_job_t   *job;                   /* Current job */


  for (job = (cupsd_job_t *)cupsArrayFirst(Jobs);
       job;
       job = (cupsd_job_t *)cupsArrayNext(Jobs))
  {
    if ((!job->dest || !job->username) && !cupsdLoadJob(job))
      continue;

    if ((!dest || !strcmp(job->dest, dest)) &&
        (!username || !strcmp(job->username, username)))
    {
     /*
      * Cancel all jobs matching this destination/user...
      */

      if (purge)
        cupsdSetJobState(job, IPP_JOB_CANCELED, CUPSD_JOB_PURGE,
                         "Job purged by user.");
      else if (job->state_value < IPP_JOB_CANCELED)
        cupsdSetJobState(job, IPP_JOB_CANCELED, CUPSD_JOB_DEFAULT,
                         "Job canceled by user.");
    }
  }
}


/*
 * 'cupsdCheckJobs()' - Check the pending jobs and start any if the destination
 *                      is available.
 */

void
cupsdCheckJobs(void)
{
  cupsd_job_t           *job;           /* Current job in queue */
  cupsd_printer_t       *printer,       /* Printer destination */
                        *pclass;        /* Printer class destination */
  ipp_attribute_t       *attr;          /* Job attribute */
  time_t                curtime;        /* Current time */
  const char            *reasons;       /* job-state-reasons value */


  curtime = time(NULL);

  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdCheckJobs: %d active jobs, sleeping=%d, ac-power=%d, reload=%d, curtime=%ld", cupsArrayCount(ActiveJobs), Sleeping, ACPower, NeedReload, (long)curtime);

  for (job = (cupsd_job_t *)cupsArrayFirst(ActiveJobs);
       job;
       job = (cupsd_job_t *)cupsArrayNext(ActiveJobs))
  {
    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2,
                    "cupsdCheckJobs: Job %d - dest=\"%s\", printer=%p, "
                    "state=%d, cancel_time=%ld, hold_until=%ld, kill_time=%ld, "
                    "pending_cost=%d, pending_timeout=%ld", job->id, job->dest,
                    job->printer, job->state_value, (long)job->cancel_time,
                    (long)job->hold_until, (long)job->kill_time,
                    job->pending_cost, (long)job->pending_timeout);

   /*
    * Kill jobs if they are unresponsive...
    */

    if (job->kill_time && job->kill_time <= curtime)
    {
      if (!job->completed)
        cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Stopping unresponsive job.");

      stop_job(job, CUPSD_JOB_FORCE);
      continue;
    }

   /*
    * Cancel stuck jobs...
    */

    if (job->cancel_time && job->cancel_time <= curtime)
    {
      int cancel_after;                 /* job-cancel-after value */

      attr         = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "job-cancel-after", IPP_TAG_INTEGER);
      cancel_after = attr ? ippGetInteger(attr, 0) : MaxJobTime;

      if (job->completed)
        cupsdSetJobState(job, IPP_JOB_CANCELED, CUPSD_JOB_FORCE, "Marking stuck job as completed after %d seconds.", cancel_after);
      else
        cupsdSetJobState(job, IPP_JOB_CANCELED, CUPSD_JOB_DEFAULT, "Canceling stuck job after %d seconds.", cancel_after);
      continue;
    }

   /*
    * Start held jobs if they are ready...
    */

    if (job->state_value == IPP_JOB_HELD &&
        job->hold_until &&
        job->hold_until < curtime)
    {
      if (job->pending_timeout)
      {
       /*
        * This job is pending; check that we don't have an active Send-Document
        * operation in progress on any of the client connections, then timeout
        * the job so we can start printing...
        */

        cupsd_client_t  *con;           /* Current client connection */

        for (con = (cupsd_client_t *)cupsArrayFirst(Clients);
             con;
             con = (cupsd_client_t *)cupsArrayNext(Clients))
          if (con->request &&
              con->request->request.op.operation_id == IPP_SEND_DOCUMENT)
            break;

        if (con)
          continue;

        if (cupsdTimeoutJob(job))
          continue;
      }

      cupsdSetJobState(job, IPP_JOB_PENDING, CUPSD_JOB_DEFAULT,
                       "Job submission timed out.");
    }

   /*
    * Continue jobs that are waiting on the FilterLimit...
    */

    if (job->pending_cost > 0 &&
        ((FilterLevel + job->pending_cost) < FilterLimit || FilterLevel == 0))
      cupsdContinueJob(job);

   /*
    * Skip jobs that where held-on-create
    */

    reasons = ippGetString(job->reasons, 0, NULL);
    if (reasons && !strcmp(reasons, "job-held-on-create"))
    {
     /*
      * Check whether the printer is still holding new jobs...
      */

      printer = cupsdFindDest(job->dest);

      if (printer->holding_new_jobs)
        continue;

      ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0, "none");
    }

   /*
    * Start pending jobs if the destination is available...
    */

    if (job->state_value == IPP_JOB_PENDING && !NeedReload &&
        (!Sleeping || ACPower) && !DoingShutdown && !job->printer)
    {
      printer = cupsdFindDest(job->dest);
      pclass  = NULL;

      while (printer && (printer->type & CUPS_PRINTER_CLASS))
      {
       /*
        * If the class is remote, just pass it to the remote server...
        */

        pclass = printer;

        if (pclass->state == IPP_PRINTER_STOPPED)
          printer = NULL;
        else if (pclass->type & CUPS_PRINTER_REMOTE)
          break;
        else
          printer = cupsdFindAvailablePrinter(printer->name);
      }

      if (!printer && !pclass)
      {
       /*
        * Whoa, the printer and/or class for this destination went away;
        * cancel the job...
        */

        cupsdSetJobState(job, IPP_JOB_ABORTED, CUPSD_JOB_PURGE,
                         "Job aborted because the destination printer/class "
                         "has gone away.");
      }
      else if (printer)
      {
       /*
        * See if the printer is available or remote and not printing a job;
        * if so, start the job...
        */

        if (pclass)
        {
         /*
          * Add/update a job-printer-uri-actual attribute for this job
          * so that we know which printer actually printed the job...
          */

          if ((attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "job-printer-uri-actual", IPP_TAG_URI)) != NULL)
            ippSetString(job->attrs, &attr, 0, printer->uri);
          else
            ippAddString(job->attrs, IPP_TAG_JOB, IPP_TAG_URI, "job-printer-uri-actual", NULL, printer->uri);

          job->dirty = 1;
          cupsdMarkDirty(CUPSD_DIRTY_JOBS);
        }

        if (!printer->job && printer->state == IPP_PRINTER_IDLE)
        {
         /*
          * Start the job...
          */

          cupsArraySave(ActiveJobs);
          start_job(job, printer);
          cupsArrayRestore(ActiveJobs);
        }
      }
    }
  }
}


/*
 * 'cupsdCleanJobs()' - Clean out old jobs.
 */

void
cupsdCleanJobs(void)
{
  cupsd_job_t   *job;                   /* Current job */
  time_t        curtime;                /* Current time */


  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2,
                  "cupsdCleanJobs: MaxJobs=%d, JobHistory=%d, JobFiles=%d",
                  MaxJobs, JobHistory, JobFiles);

  if (MaxJobs <= 0 && JobHistory == INT_MAX && JobFiles == INT_MAX)
    return;

  curtime          = time(NULL);
  JobHistoryUpdate = 0;

  for (job = (cupsd_job_t *)cupsArrayFirst(Jobs);
       job;
       job = (cupsd_job_t *)cupsArrayNext(Jobs))
  {
    if (job->state_value >= IPP_JOB_CANCELED && !job->printer)
    {
     /*
      * Expire old jobs (or job files)...
      */

      if ((MaxJobs > 0 && cupsArrayCount(Jobs) >= MaxJobs) ||
          (job->history_time && job->history_time <= curtime))
      {
        cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Removing from history.");
        cupsdDeleteJob(job, CUPSD_JOB_PURGE);
      }
      else if (job->file_time && job->file_time <= curtime)
      {
        cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Removing document files.");
        cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "curtime=%ld, job->file_time=%ld", (long)curtime, (long)job->file_time);
        remove_job_files(job);

        cupsdMarkDirty(CUPSD_DIRTY_JOBS);

        if (job->history_time < JobHistoryUpdate || !JobHistoryUpdate)
          JobHistoryUpdate = job->history_time;
      }
      else
      {
        if (job->history_time < JobHistoryUpdate || !JobHistoryUpdate)
          JobHistoryUpdate = job->history_time;

        if (job->file_time < JobHistoryUpdate || !JobHistoryUpdate)
          JobHistoryUpdate = job->file_time;
      }
    }
  }

  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdCleanJobs: JobHistoryUpdate=%ld",
                  (long)JobHistoryUpdate);
}


/*
 * 'cupsdContinueJob()' - Continue printing with the next file in a job.
 */

void
cupsdContinueJob(cupsd_job_t *job)      /* I - Job */
{
  int                   i;              /* Looping var */
  int                   slot;           /* Pipe slot */
  cups_array_t          *filters = NULL,/* Filters for job */
                        *prefilters;    /* Filters with prefilters */
  mime_filter_t         *filter,        /* Current filter */
                        *prefilter,     /* Prefilter */
                        port_monitor;   /* Port monitor filter */
  char                  scheme[255];    /* Device URI scheme */
  ipp_attribute_t       *attr;          /* Current attribute */
  const char            *ptr,           /* Pointer into value */
                        *abort_message; /* Abort message */
  ipp_jstate_t          abort_state = IPP_JOB_STOPPED;
                                        /* New job state on abort */
  struct stat           backinfo;       /* Backend file information */
  int                   backroot;       /* Run backend as root? */
  int                   pid;            /* Process ID of new filter process */
  int                   banner_page;    /* 1 if banner page, 0 otherwise */
  int                   filterfds[2][2] = { { -1, -1 }, { -1, -1 } };
                                        /* Pipes used between filters */
  int                   envc;           /* Number of environment variables */
  struct stat           fileinfo;       /* Job file information */
  int                   argc = 0;       /* Number of arguments */
  char                  **argv = NULL,  /* Filter command-line arguments */
                        filename[1024], /* Job filename */
                        command[1024],  /* Full path to command */
                        jobid[255],     /* Job ID string */
                        title[IPP_MAX_NAME],
                                        /* Job title string */
                        copies[255],    /* # copies string */
                        *options,       /* Options string */
                        *envp[MAX_ENV + 21],
                                        /* Environment variables */
                        charset[255],   /* CHARSET env variable */
                        class_name[255],/* CLASS env variable */
                        classification[1024],
                                        /* CLASSIFICATION env variable */
                        content_type[1024],
                                        /* CONTENT_TYPE env variable */
                        device_uri[1024],
                                        /* DEVICE_URI env variable */
                        final_content_type[1024] = "",
                                        /* FINAL_CONTENT_TYPE env variable */
                        lang[255],      /* LANG env variable */
#ifdef __APPLE__
                        apple_language[255],
                                        /* APPLE_LANGUAGE env variable */
#endif /* __APPLE__ */
                        auth_info_required[255],
                                        /* AUTH_INFO_REQUIRED env variable */
                        ppd[1024],      /* PPD env variable */
                        printer_info[255],
                                        /* PRINTER_INFO env variable */
                        printer_location[255],
                                        /* PRINTER_LOCATION env variable */
                        printer_name[255],
                                        /* PRINTER env variable */
                        *printer_state_reasons = NULL,
                                        /* PRINTER_STATE_REASONS env var */
                        rip_max_cache[255];
                                        /* RIP_MAX_CACHE env variable */


  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2,
                  "cupsdContinueJob(job=%p(%d)): current_file=%d, num_files=%d",
                  job, job->id, job->current_file, job->num_files);

 /*
  * Figure out what filters are required to convert from
  * the source to the destination type...
  */

  FilterLevel -= job->cost;

  job->cost         = 0;
  job->pending_cost = 0;

  memset(job->filters, 0, sizeof(job->filters));

  if (job->printer->raw)
  {
   /*
    * Remote jobs and raw queues go directly to the printer without
    * filtering...
    */

    cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Sending job to queue tagged as raw...");
  }
  else
  {
   /*
    * Local jobs get filtered...
    */

    mime_type_t *dst = job->printer->filetype;
                                        /* Destination file type */

    snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/d%05d-%03d", RequestRoot,
             job->id, job->current_file + 1);
    if (stat(filename, &fileinfo))
      fileinfo.st_size = 0;

    if (job->retry_as_raster)
    {
     /*
      * Need to figure out whether the printer supports image/pwg-raster or
      * image/urf, and use the corresponding type...
      */

      char      type[MIME_MAX_TYPE];    /* MIME media type for printer */

      snprintf(type, sizeof(type), "%s/image/urf", job->printer->name);
      if ((dst = mimeType(MimeDatabase, "printer", type)) == NULL)
      {
        snprintf(type, sizeof(type), "%s/image/pwg-raster", job->printer->name);
        dst = mimeType(MimeDatabase, "printer", type);
      }

      if (dst)
        cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Retrying job as \"%s\".", strchr(dst->type, '/') + 1);
      else
        cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to retry job using a supported raster format.");
    }

    filters = mimeFilter2(MimeDatabase, job->filetypes[job->current_file], (size_t)fileinfo.st_size, dst, &(job->cost));

    if (!filters)
    {
      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR,
                  "Unable to convert file %d to printable format.",
                  job->current_file);

      abort_message = "Aborting job because it cannot be printed.";
      abort_state   = IPP_JOB_ABORTED;

      ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0, "document-unprintable-error");
      goto abort_job;
    }

   /*
    * Figure out the final content type...
    */

    cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "%d filters for job:",
                cupsArrayCount(filters));
    for (filter = (mime_filter_t *)cupsArrayFirst(filters);
         filter;
         filter = (mime_filter_t *)cupsArrayNext(filters))
      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "%s (%s/%s to %s/%s, cost %d)",
                  filter->filter,
                  filter->src ? filter->src->super : "???",
                  filter->src ? filter->src->type : "???",
                  filter->dst ? filter->dst->super : "???",
                  filter->dst ? filter->dst->type : "???",
                  filter->cost);

    if (!job->printer->remote)
    {
      for (filter = (mime_filter_t *)cupsArrayLast(filters);
           filter && filter->dst;
           filter = (mime_filter_t *)cupsArrayPrev(filters))
        if (strcmp(filter->dst->super, "printer") ||
            strcmp(filter->dst->type, job->printer->name))
          break;

      if (filter && filter->dst)
      {
        if ((ptr = strchr(filter->dst->type, '/')) != NULL)
          snprintf(final_content_type, sizeof(final_content_type),
                   "FINAL_CONTENT_TYPE=%s", ptr + 1);
        else
          snprintf(final_content_type, sizeof(final_content_type),
                   "FINAL_CONTENT_TYPE=%s/%s", filter->dst->super,
                   filter->dst->type);
      }
      else
        snprintf(final_content_type, sizeof(final_content_type),
                 "FINAL_CONTENT_TYPE=printer/%s", job->printer->name);
    }

   /*
    * Remove NULL ("-") filters...
    */

    for (filter = (mime_filter_t *)cupsArrayFirst(filters);
         filter;
         filter = (mime_filter_t *)cupsArrayNext(filters))
      if (!strcmp(filter->filter, "-"))
        cupsArrayRemove(filters, filter);

    if (cupsArrayCount(filters) == 0)
    {
      cupsArrayDelete(filters);
      filters = NULL;
    }

   /*
    * If this printer has any pre-filters, insert the required pre-filter
    * in the filters array...
    */

    if (job->printer->prefiltertype && filters)
    {
      prefilters = cupsArrayNew(NULL, NULL);

      for (filter = (mime_filter_t *)cupsArrayFirst(filters);
           filter;
           filter = (mime_filter_t *)cupsArrayNext(filters))
      {
        if ((prefilter = mimeFilterLookup(MimeDatabase, filter->src,
                                          job->printer->prefiltertype)))
        {
          cupsArrayAdd(prefilters, prefilter);
          job->cost += prefilter->cost;
        }

        cupsArrayAdd(prefilters, filter);
      }

      cupsArrayDelete(filters);
      filters = prefilters;
    }
  }

 /*
  * Set a minimum cost of 100 for all jobs so that FilterLimit
  * works with raw queues and other low-cost paths.
  */

  if (job->cost < 100)
    job->cost = 100;

 /*
  * See if the filter cost is too high...
  */

  if ((FilterLevel + job->cost) > FilterLimit && FilterLevel > 0 &&
      FilterLimit > 0)
  {
   /*
    * Don't print this job quite yet...
    */

    cupsArrayDelete(filters);

    cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_INFO,
                "Holding because filter limit has been reached.");
    cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2,
                "cupsdContinueJob: file=%d, cost=%d, level=%d, limit=%d",
                job->current_file, job->cost, FilterLevel,
                FilterLimit);

    job->pending_cost = job->cost;
    job->cost         = 0;
    return;
  }

  FilterLevel += job->cost;

 /*
  * Add decompression/raw filter as needed...
  */

  if ((job->compressions[job->current_file] && (!job->printer->remote || job->num_files == 1)) ||
      (!job->printer->remote && job->printer->raw && job->num_files > 1))
  {
   /*
    * Add gziptoany filter to the front of the list...
    */

    if (!filters)
      filters = cupsArrayNew(NULL, NULL);

    if (!cupsArrayInsert(filters, &gziptoany_filter))
    {
      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG,
                  "Unable to add decompression filter - %s", strerror(errno));

      cupsArrayDelete(filters);

      abort_message = "Stopping job because the scheduler ran out of memory.";

      goto abort_job;
    }
  }

 /*
  * Add port monitor, if any...
  */

  if (job->printer->port_monitor)
  {
   /*
    * Add port monitor to the end of the list...
    */

    if (!filters)
      filters = cupsArrayNew(NULL, NULL);

    port_monitor.src  = NULL;
    port_monitor.dst  = NULL;
    port_monitor.cost = 0;

    snprintf(port_monitor.filter, sizeof(port_monitor.filter),
             "%s/monitor/%s", ServerBin, job->printer->port_monitor);

    if (!cupsArrayAdd(filters, &port_monitor))
    {
      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG,
                  "Unable to add port monitor - %s", strerror(errno));

      abort_message = "Stopping job because the scheduler ran out of memory.";

      goto abort_job;
    }
  }

 /*
  * Make sure we don't go over the "MAX_FILTERS" limit...
  */

  if (cupsArrayCount(filters) > MAX_FILTERS)
  {
    cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG,
                "Too many filters (%d > %d), unable to print.",
                cupsArrayCount(filters), MAX_FILTERS);

    abort_message = "Aborting job because it needs too many filters to print.";
    abort_state   = IPP_JOB_ABORTED;

    ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0, "document-unprintable-error");

    goto abort_job;
  }

 /*
  * Determine if we are printing a banner page or not...
  */

  if (job->job_sheets == NULL)
  {
    cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "No job-sheets attribute.");
    if ((job->job_sheets =
         ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "job-sheets", IPP_TAG_ZERO)) != NULL)
      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG,
                  "... but someone added one without setting job_sheets.");
  }
  else if (job->job_sheets->num_values == 1)
    cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "job-sheets=%s",
                job->job_sheets->values[0].string.text);
  else
    cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "job-sheets=%s,%s",
                job->job_sheets->values[0].string.text,
                job->job_sheets->values[1].string.text);

  if (job->printer->type & CUPS_PRINTER_REMOTE)
    banner_page = 0;
  else if (job->job_sheets == NULL)
    banner_page = 0;
  else if (_cups_strcasecmp(job->job_sheets->values[0].string.text, "none") != 0 &&
           job->current_file == 0)
    banner_page = 1;
  else if (job->job_sheets->num_values > 1 &&
           _cups_strcasecmp(job->job_sheets->values[1].string.text, "none") != 0 &&
           job->current_file == (job->num_files - 1))
    banner_page = 1;
  else
    banner_page = 0;

  if ((options = get_options(job, banner_page, copies, sizeof(copies), title,
                             sizeof(title))) == NULL)
  {
    abort_message = "Stopping job because the scheduler ran out of memory.";

    goto abort_job;
  }

 /*
  * Build the command-line arguments for the filters.  Each filter
  * has 6 or 7 arguments:
  *
  *     argv[0] = printer
  *     argv[1] = job ID
  *     argv[2] = username
  *     argv[3] = title
  *     argv[4] = # copies
  *     argv[5] = options
  *     argv[6] = filename (optional; normally stdin)
  *
  * This allows legacy printer drivers that use the old System V
  * printing interface to be used by CUPS.
  *
  * For remote jobs, we send all of the files in the argument list.
  */

  if (job->printer->remote)
    argc = 6 + job->num_files;
  else
    argc = 7;

  if ((argv = calloc((size_t)argc + 1, sizeof(char *))) == NULL)
  {
    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Unable to allocate argument array - %s",
                    strerror(errno));

    abort_message = "Stopping job because the scheduler ran out of memory.";

    goto abort_job;
  }

  sprintf(jobid, "%d", job->id);

  argv[0] = job->printer->name;
  argv[1] = jobid;
  argv[2] = job->username;
  argv[3] = title;
  argv[4] = copies;
  argv[5] = options;

  if (job->printer->remote && job->num_files > 1)
  {
    for (i = 0; i < job->num_files; i ++)
    {
      snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/d%05d-%03d", RequestRoot,
               job->id, i + 1);
      argv[6 + i] = strdup(filename);
    }
  }
  else
  {
    snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/d%05d-%03d", RequestRoot,
             job->id, job->current_file + 1);
    argv[6] = strdup(filename);
  }

  for (i = 0; argv[i]; i ++)
    cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "argv[%d]=\"%s\"", i, argv[i]);

 /*
  * Create environment variable strings for the filters...
  */

  attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "attributes-natural-language",
                          IPP_TAG_LANGUAGE);

#ifdef __APPLE__
  strlcpy(apple_language, "APPLE_LANGUAGE=", sizeof(apple_language));
  _cupsAppleLanguage(attr->values[0].string.text,
                     apple_language + 15, sizeof(apple_language) - 15);
#endif /* __APPLE__ */

  switch (strlen(attr->values[0].string.text))
  {
    default :
       /*
        * This is an unknown or badly formatted language code; use
        * the POSIX locale...
        */

        strlcpy(lang, "LANG=C", sizeof(lang));
        break;

    case 2 :
       /*
        * Just the language code (ll)...
        */

        snprintf(lang, sizeof(lang), "LANG=%s.UTF-8",
                 attr->values[0].string.text);
        break;

    case 5 :
       /*
        * Language and country code (ll-cc)...
        */

        snprintf(lang, sizeof(lang), "LANG=%c%c_%c%c.UTF-8",
                 attr->values[0].string.text[0],
                 attr->values[0].string.text[1],
                 toupper(attr->values[0].string.text[3] & 255),
                 toupper(attr->values[0].string.text[4] & 255));
        break;
  }

  if ((attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "document-format",
                               IPP_TAG_MIMETYPE)) != NULL &&
      (ptr = strstr(attr->values[0].string.text, "charset=")) != NULL)
    snprintf(charset, sizeof(charset), "CHARSET=%s", ptr + 8);
  else
    strlcpy(charset, "CHARSET=utf-8", sizeof(charset));

  snprintf(content_type, sizeof(content_type), "CONTENT_TYPE=%s/%s",
           job->filetypes[job->current_file]->super,
           job->filetypes[job->current_file]->type);
  snprintf(device_uri, sizeof(device_uri), "DEVICE_URI=%s",
           job->printer->device_uri);
  snprintf(ppd, sizeof(ppd), "PPD=%s/ppd/%s.ppd", ServerRoot,
           job->printer->name);
  snprintf(printer_info, sizeof(printer_name), "PRINTER_INFO=%s",
           job->printer->info ? job->printer->info : "");
  snprintf(printer_location, sizeof(printer_name), "PRINTER_LOCATION=%s",
           job->printer->location ? job->printer->location : "");
  snprintf(printer_name, sizeof(printer_name), "PRINTER=%s", job->printer->name);
  if (job->printer->num_reasons > 0)
  {
    char        *psrptr;                /* Pointer into PRINTER_STATE_REASONS */
    size_t      psrlen;                 /* Size of PRINTER_STATE_REASONS */

    for (psrlen = 22, i = 0; i < job->printer->num_reasons; i ++)
      psrlen += strlen(job->printer->reasons[i]) + 1;

    if ((printer_state_reasons = malloc(psrlen)) != NULL)
    {
     /*
      * All of these strcpy's are safe because we allocated the psr string...
      */

      strlcpy(printer_state_reasons, "PRINTER_STATE_REASONS=", psrlen);
      for (psrptr = printer_state_reasons + 22, i = 0;
           i < job->printer->num_reasons;
           i ++)
      {
        if (i)
          *psrptr++ = ',';
        strlcpy(psrptr, job->printer->reasons[i], psrlen - (size_t)(psrptr - printer_state_reasons));
        psrptr += strlen(psrptr);
      }
    }
  }
  snprintf(rip_max_cache, sizeof(rip_max_cache), "RIP_MAX_CACHE=%s", RIPCache);

  if (job->printer->num_auth_info_required == 1)
    snprintf(auth_info_required, sizeof(auth_info_required),
             "AUTH_INFO_REQUIRED=%s",
             job->printer->auth_info_required[0]);
  else if (job->printer->num_auth_info_required == 2)
    snprintf(auth_info_required, sizeof(auth_info_required),
             "AUTH_INFO_REQUIRED=%s,%s",
             job->printer->auth_info_required[0],
             job->printer->auth_info_required[1]);
  else if (job->printer->num_auth_info_required == 3)
    snprintf(auth_info_required, sizeof(auth_info_required),
             "AUTH_INFO_REQUIRED=%s,%s,%s",
             job->printer->auth_info_required[0],
             job->printer->auth_info_required[1],
             job->printer->auth_info_required[2]);
  else if (job->printer->num_auth_info_required == 4)
    snprintf(auth_info_required, sizeof(auth_info_required),
             "AUTH_INFO_REQUIRED=%s,%s,%s,%s",
             job->printer->auth_info_required[0],
             job->printer->auth_info_required[1],
             job->printer->auth_info_required[2],
             job->printer->auth_info_required[3]);
  else
    strlcpy(auth_info_required, "AUTH_INFO_REQUIRED=none",
            sizeof(auth_info_required));

  envc = cupsdLoadEnv(envp, (int)(sizeof(envp) / sizeof(envp[0])));

  envp[envc ++] = charset;
  envp[envc ++] = lang;
#ifdef __APPLE__
  envp[envc ++] = apple_language;
#endif /* __APPLE__ */
  envp[envc ++] = ppd;
  envp[envc ++] = rip_max_cache;
  envp[envc ++] = content_type;
  envp[envc ++] = device_uri;
  envp[envc ++] = printer_info;
  envp[envc ++] = printer_location;
  envp[envc ++] = printer_name;
  envp[envc ++] = printer_state_reasons ? printer_state_reasons :
                                          "PRINTER_STATE_REASONS=none";
  envp[envc ++] = banner_page ? "CUPS_FILETYPE=job-sheet" :
                                "CUPS_FILETYPE=document";

  if (final_content_type[0])
    envp[envc ++] = final_content_type;

  if (Classification && !banner_page)
  {
    if ((attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "job-sheets",
                                 IPP_TAG_NAME)) == NULL)
      snprintf(classification, sizeof(classification), "CLASSIFICATION=%s",
               Classification);
    else if (attr->num_values > 1 &&
             strcmp(attr->values[1].string.text, "none") != 0)
      snprintf(classification, sizeof(classification), "CLASSIFICATION=%s",
               attr->values[1].string.text);
    else
      snprintf(classification, sizeof(classification), "CLASSIFICATION=%s",
               attr->values[0].string.text);

    envp[envc ++] = classification;
  }

  if (job->dtype & CUPS_PRINTER_CLASS)
  {
    snprintf(class_name, sizeof(class_name), "CLASS=%s", job->dest);
    envp[envc ++] = class_name;
  }

  envp[envc ++] = auth_info_required;

  for (i = 0;
       i < (int)(sizeof(job->auth_env) / sizeof(job->auth_env[0]));
       i ++)
    if (job->auth_env[i])
      envp[envc ++] = job->auth_env[i];
    else
      break;

  if (job->auth_uid)
    envp[envc ++] = job->auth_uid;

  envp[envc] = NULL;

  for (i = 0; i < envc; i ++)
    if (!strncmp(envp[i], "AUTH_", 5))
      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "envp[%d]=\"AUTH_%c****\"", i,
                  envp[i][5]);
    else if (strncmp(envp[i], "DEVICE_URI=", 11))
      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "envp[%d]=\"%s\"", i, envp[i]);
    else
      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "envp[%d]=\"DEVICE_URI=%s\"", i,
                  job->printer->sanitized_device_uri);

  if (job->printer->remote)
    job->current_file = job->num_files;
  else
    job->current_file ++;

 /*
  * Now create processes for all of the filters...
  */

  for (i = 0, slot = 0, filter = (mime_filter_t *)cupsArrayFirst(filters);
       filter;
       i ++, filter = (mime_filter_t *)cupsArrayNext(filters))
  {
    if (filter->filter[0] != '/')
      snprintf(command, sizeof(command), "%s/filter/%s", ServerBin,
               filter->filter);
    else
      strlcpy(command, filter->filter, sizeof(command));

    if (i < (cupsArrayCount(filters) - 1))
    {
      if (cupsdOpenPipe(filterfds[slot]))
      {
        abort_message = "Stopping job because the scheduler could not create "
                        "the filter pipes.";

        goto abort_job;
      }
    }
    else
    {
      if (job->current_file == 1 ||
          (job->printer->pc && job->printer->pc->single_file))
      {
        if (strncmp(job->printer->device_uri, "file:", 5) != 0)
        {
          if (cupsdOpenPipe(job->print_pipes))
          {
            abort_message = "Stopping job because the scheduler could not "
                            "create the backend pipes.";

            goto abort_job;
          }
        }
        else
        {
          job->print_pipes[0] = -1;
          if (!strcmp(job->printer->device_uri, "file:/dev/null") ||
              !strcmp(job->printer->device_uri, "file:///dev/null"))
            job->print_pipes[1] = -1;
          else
          {
            if (!strncmp(job->printer->device_uri, "file:/dev/", 10))
              job->print_pipes[1] = open(job->printer->device_uri + 5,
                                         O_WRONLY | O_EXCL);
            else if (!strncmp(job->printer->device_uri, "file:///dev/", 12))
              job->print_pipes[1] = open(job->printer->device_uri + 7,
                                         O_WRONLY | O_EXCL);
            else if (!strncmp(job->printer->device_uri, "file:///", 8))
              job->print_pipes[1] = open(job->printer->device_uri + 7,
                                         O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0600);
            else
              job->print_pipes[1] = open(job->printer->device_uri + 5,
                                         O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0600);

            if (job->print_pipes[1] < 0)
            {
              abort_message = "Stopping job because the scheduler could not "
                              "open the output file.";

              goto abort_job;
            }

            fcntl(job->print_pipes[1], F_SETFD,
                  fcntl(job->print_pipes[1], F_GETFD) | FD_CLOEXEC);
          }
        }
      }

      filterfds[slot][0] = job->print_pipes[0];
      filterfds[slot][1] = job->print_pipes[1];
    }

    pid = cupsdStartProcess(command, argv, envp, filterfds[!slot][0],
                            filterfds[slot][1], job->status_pipes[1],
                            job->back_pipes[0], job->side_pipes[0], 0,
                            job->profile, job, job->filters + i);

    cupsdClosePipe(filterfds[!slot]);

    if (pid == 0)
    {
      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to start filter \"%s\" - %s.",
                  filter->filter, strerror(errno));

      abort_message = "Stopping job because the scheduler could not execute a "
                      "filter.";

      goto abort_job;
    }

    cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_INFO, "Started filter %s (PID %d)", command,
                pid);

    if (argv[6])
    {
      free(argv[6]);
      argv[6] = NULL;
    }

    slot = !slot;
  }

  cupsArrayDelete(filters);
  filters = NULL;

 /*
  * Finally, pipe the final output into a backend process if needed...
  */

  if (strncmp(job->printer->device_uri, "file:", 5) != 0)
  {
    if (job->current_file == 1 || job->printer->remote ||
        (job->printer->pc && job->printer->pc->single_file))
    {
      sscanf(job->printer->device_uri, "%254[^:]", scheme);
      snprintf(command, sizeof(command), "%s/backend/%s", ServerBin, scheme);

     /*
      * See if the backend needs to run as root...
      */

      if (RunUser)
        backroot = 0;
      else if (stat(command, &backinfo))
        backroot = 0;
      else
        backroot = !(backinfo.st_mode & (S_IWGRP | S_IRWXO));

      argv[0] = job->printer->sanitized_device_uri;

      filterfds[slot][0] = -1;
      filterfds[slot][1] = -1;

      pid = cupsdStartProcess(command, argv, envp, filterfds[!slot][0],
                              filterfds[slot][1], job->status_pipes[1],
                              job->back_pipes[1], job->side_pipes[1],
                              backroot, job->bprofile, job, &(job->backend));

      if (pid == 0)
      {
        abort_message = "Stopping job because the sheduler could not execute "
                        "the backend.";

        goto abort_job;
      }
      else
      {
        cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_INFO, "Started backend %s (PID %d)",
                    command, pid);
      }
    }

    if (job->current_file == job->num_files ||
        (job->printer->pc && job->printer->pc->single_file))
      cupsdClosePipe(job->print_pipes);

    if (job->current_file == job->num_files)
    {
      cupsdClosePipe(job->back_pipes);
      cupsdClosePipe(job->side_pipes);

      close(job->status_pipes[1]);
      job->status_pipes[1] = -1;
    }
  }
  else
  {
    filterfds[slot][0] = -1;
    filterfds[slot][1] = -1;

    if (job->current_file == job->num_files ||
        (job->printer->pc && job->printer->pc->single_file))
      cupsdClosePipe(job->print_pipes);

    if (job->current_file == job->num_files)
    {
      close(job->status_pipes[1]);
      job->status_pipes[1] = -1;
    }
  }

  cupsdClosePipe(filterfds[slot]);

  for (i = 6; i < argc; i ++)
    if (argv[i])
      free(argv[i]);

  free(argv);

  if (printer_state_reasons)
    free(printer_state_reasons);

  cupsdAddSelect(job->status_buffer->fd, (cupsd_selfunc_t)update_job, NULL,
                 job);

  cupsdAddEvent(CUPSD_EVENT_JOB_STATE, job->printer, job, "Job #%d started.",
                job->id);

  return;


 /*
  * If we get here, we need to abort the current job and close out all
  * files and pipes...
  */

  abort_job:

  FilterLevel -= job->cost;
  job->cost = 0;

  for (slot = 0; slot < 2; slot ++)
    cupsdClosePipe(filterfds[slot]);

  cupsArrayDelete(filters);

  if (argv)
  {
    for (i = 6; i < argc; i ++)
      if (argv[i])
        free(argv[i]);
  }

  if (printer_state_reasons)
    free(printer_state_reasons);

  cupsdClosePipe(job->print_pipes);
  cupsdClosePipe(job->back_pipes);
  cupsdClosePipe(job->side_pipes);

  cupsdRemoveSelect(job->status_pipes[0]);
  cupsdClosePipe(job->status_pipes);
  cupsdStatBufDelete(job->status_buffer);
  job->status_buffer = NULL;

 /*
  * Update the printer and job state.
  */

  cupsdSetJobState(job, abort_state, CUPSD_JOB_DEFAULT, "%s", abort_message);
  cupsdSetPrinterState(job->printer, IPP_PRINTER_IDLE, 0);
  update_job_attrs(job, 0);

  if (job->history)
    free_job_history(job);

  cupsArrayRemove(PrintingJobs, job);

 /*
  * Clear the printer <-> job association...
  */

  job->printer->job = NULL;
  job->printer      = NULL;
}


/*
 * 'cupsdDeleteJob()' - Free all memory used by a job.
 */

void
cupsdDeleteJob(cupsd_job_t       *job,  /* I - Job */
               cupsd_jobaction_t action)/* I - Action */
{
  int   i;                              /* Looping var */


  if (job->printer)
    finalize_job(job, 1);

  if (action == CUPSD_JOB_PURGE)
    remove_job_history(job);

  cupsdClearString(&job->username);
  cupsdClearString(&job->dest);
  for (i = 0;
       i < (int)(sizeof(job->auth_env) / sizeof(job->auth_env[0]));
       i ++)
    cupsdClearString(job->auth_env + i);
  cupsdClearString(&job->auth_uid);

  if (action == CUPSD_JOB_PURGE)
    remove_job_files(job);
  else if (job->num_files > 0)
  {
    free(job->compressions);
    free(job->filetypes);

    job->num_files = 0;
  }

  if (job->history)
    free_job_history(job);

  unload_job(job);

  cupsArrayRemove(Jobs, job);
  cupsArrayRemove(ActiveJobs, job);
  cupsArrayRemove(PrintingJobs, job);

  free(job);
}


/*
 * 'cupsdFreeAllJobs()' - Free all jobs from memory.
 */

void
cupsdFreeAllJobs(void)
{
  cupsd_job_t   *job;                   /* Current job */


  if (!Jobs)
    return;

  cupsdHoldSignals();

  cupsdStopAllJobs(CUPSD_JOB_FORCE, 0);
  cupsdSaveAllJobs();

  for (job = (cupsd_job_t *)cupsArrayFirst(Jobs);
       job;
       job = (cupsd_job_t *)cupsArrayNext(Jobs))
    cupsdDeleteJob(job, CUPSD_JOB_DEFAULT);

  cupsdReleaseSignals();
}


/*
 * 'cupsdFindJob()' - Find the specified job.
 */

cupsd_job_t *                           /* O - Job data */
cupsdFindJob(int id)                    /* I - Job ID */
{
  cupsd_job_t   key;                    /* Search key */


  key.id = id;

  return ((cupsd_job_t *)cupsArrayFind(Jobs, &key));
}


/*
 * 'cupsdGetCompletedJobs()'- Generate a completed jobs list.
 */

cups_array_t *                          /* O - Array of jobs */
cupsdGetCompletedJobs(
    cupsd_printer_t *p)                 /* I - Printer */
{
  cups_array_t  *list;                  /* Array of jobs */
  cupsd_job_t   *job;                   /* Current job */


  list = cupsArrayNew(compare_completed_jobs, NULL);

  for (job = (cupsd_job_t *)cupsArrayFirst(Jobs);
       job;
       job = (cupsd_job_t *)cupsArrayNext(Jobs))
    if ((!p || !_cups_strcasecmp(p->name, job->dest)) && job->state_value >= IPP_JOB_STOPPED && job->completed_time)
      cupsArrayAdd(list, job);

  return (list);
}


/*
 * 'cupsdGetPrinterJobCount()' - Get the number of pending, processing,
 *                               or held jobs in a printer or class.
 */

int                                     /* O - Job count */
cupsdGetPrinterJobCount(
    const char *dest)                   /* I - Printer or class name */
{
  int           count;                  /* Job count */
  cupsd_job_t   *job;                   /* Current job */


  for (job = (cupsd_job_t *)cupsArrayFirst(ActiveJobs), count = 0;
       job;
       job = (cupsd_job_t *)cupsArrayNext(ActiveJobs))
    if (job->dest && !_cups_strcasecmp(job->dest, dest))
      count ++;

  return (count);
}


/*
 * 'cupsdGetUserJobCount()' - Get the number of pending, processing,
 *                            or held jobs for a user.
 */

int                                     /* O - Job count */
cupsdGetUserJobCount(
    const char *username)               /* I - Username */
{
  int           count;                  /* Job count */
  cupsd_job_t   *job;                   /* Current job */


  for (job = (cupsd_job_t *)cupsArrayFirst(ActiveJobs), count = 0;
       job;
       job = (cupsd_job_t *)cupsArrayNext(ActiveJobs))
    if (!_cups_strcasecmp(job->username, username))
      count ++;

  return (count);
}


/*
 * 'cupsdLoadAllJobs()' - Load all jobs from disk.
 */

void
cupsdLoadAllJobs(void)
{
  char          filename[1024];         /* Full filename of job.cache file */
  struct stat   fileinfo;               /* Information on job.cache file */
  cups_dir_t    *dir;                   /* RequestRoot dir */
  cups_dentry_t *dent;                  /* Entry in RequestRoot */
  int           load_cache = 1;         /* Load the job.cache file? */


 /*
  * Create the job arrays as needed...
  */

  if (!Jobs)
    Jobs = cupsArrayNew(compare_jobs, NULL);

  if (!ActiveJobs)
    ActiveJobs = cupsArrayNew(compare_active_jobs, NULL);

  if (!PrintingJobs)
    PrintingJobs = cupsArrayNew(compare_jobs, NULL);

 /*
  * See whether the job.cache file is older than the RequestRoot directory...
  */

  snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/job.cache", CacheDir);

  if (stat(filename, &fileinfo))
  {
   /*
    * No job.cache file...
    */

    load_cache = 0;

    if (errno != ENOENT)
      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR,
                      "Unable to get file information for \"%s\" - %s",
                      filename, strerror(errno));
  }
  else if ((dir = cupsDirOpen(RequestRoot)) == NULL)
  {
   /*
    * No spool directory...
    */

    load_cache = 0;
  }
  else
  {
    while ((dent = cupsDirRead(dir)) != NULL)
    {
      if (strlen(dent->filename) >= 6 && dent->filename[0] == 'c' && dent->fileinfo.st_mtime > fileinfo.st_mtime)
      {
       /*
        * Job history file is newer than job.cache file...
        */

        load_cache = 0;
        break;
      }
    }

    cupsDirClose(dir);
  }

 /*
  * Load the most recent source for job data...
  */

  if (load_cache)
  {
   /*
    * Load the job.cache file...
    */

    load_job_cache(filename);
  }
  else
  {
   /*
    * Load the job history files...
    */

    load_request_root();

    load_next_job_id(filename);
  }

 /*
  * Clean out old jobs as needed...
  */

  if (MaxJobs > 0 && cupsArrayCount(Jobs) >= MaxJobs)
    cupsdCleanJobs();
}


/*
 * 'cupsdLoadJob()' - Load a single job.
 */

int                                     /* O - 1 on success, 0 on failure */
cupsdLoadJob(cupsd_job_t *job)          /* I - Job */
{
  int                   i;              /* Looping var */
  char                  jobfile[1024];  /* Job filename */
  cups_file_t           *fp;            /* Job file */
  int                   fileid;         /* Current file ID */
  ipp_attribute_t       *attr;          /* Job attribute */
  const char            *dest;          /* Destination name */
  cupsd_printer_t       *destptr;       /* Pointer to destination */
  mime_type_t           **filetypes;    /* New filetypes array */
  int                   *compressions;  /* New compressions array */


  if (job->attrs)
  {
    if (job->state_value > IPP_JOB_STOPPED)
      job->access_time = time(NULL);

    return (1);
  }

  if ((job->attrs = ippNew()) == NULL)
  {
    cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Ran out of memory for job attributes.");
    return (0);
  }

 /*
  * Load job attributes...
  */

  cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Loading attributes...");

  snprintf(jobfile, sizeof(jobfile), "%s/c%05d", RequestRoot, job->id);
  if ((fp = cupsdOpenConfFile(jobfile)) == NULL)
    goto error;

  if (ippReadIO(fp, (ipp_iocb_t)cupsFileRead, 1, NULL, job->attrs) != IPP_DATA)
  {
    cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR,
                "Unable to read job control file \"%s\".", jobfile);
    cupsFileClose(fp);
    goto error;
  }

  cupsFileClose(fp);

 /*
  * Copy attribute data to the job object...
  */

  if (!ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "time-at-creation", IPP_TAG_INTEGER))
  {
    cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR,
                "Missing or bad time-at-creation attribute in control file.");
    goto error;
  }

  if ((job->state = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "job-state",
                                     IPP_TAG_ENUM)) == NULL)
  {
    cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR,
                "Missing or bad job-state attribute in control file.");
    goto error;
  }

  job->state_value  = (ipp_jstate_t)job->state->values[0].integer;
  job->file_time    = 0;
  job->history_time = 0;

  if ((attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "time-at-creation", IPP_TAG_INTEGER)) != NULL)
    job->creation_time = attr->values[0].integer;

  if (job->state_value >= IPP_JOB_CANCELED && (attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "time-at-completed", IPP_TAG_INTEGER)) != NULL)
  {
    job->completed_time = attr->values[0].integer;

    if (JobHistory < INT_MAX)
      job->history_time = attr->values[0].integer + JobHistory;
    else
      job->history_time = INT_MAX;

    if (job->history_time < time(NULL))
      goto error;                       /* Expired, remove from history */

    if (job->history_time < JobHistoryUpdate || !JobHistoryUpdate)
      JobHistoryUpdate = job->history_time;

    if (JobFiles < INT_MAX)
      job->file_time = attr->values[0].integer + JobFiles;
    else
      job->file_time = INT_MAX;

    cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdLoadJob: job->file_time=%ld, time-at-completed=%ld, JobFiles=%d", (long)job->file_time, (long)attr->values[0].integer, JobFiles);

    if (job->file_time < JobHistoryUpdate || !JobHistoryUpdate)
      JobHistoryUpdate = job->file_time;

    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdLoadJob: JobHistoryUpdate=%ld",
                    (long)JobHistoryUpdate);
  }

  if (!job->dest)
  {
    if ((attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "job-printer-uri",
                                 IPP_TAG_URI)) == NULL)
    {
      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR,
                  "No job-printer-uri attribute in control file.");
      goto error;
    }

    if ((dest = cupsdValidateDest(attr->values[0].string.text, &(job->dtype),
                                  &destptr)) == NULL)
    {
      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR,
                  "Unable to queue job for destination \"%s\".",
                  attr->values[0].string.text);
      goto error;
    }

    cupsdSetString(&job->dest, dest);
  }
  else if ((destptr = cupsdFindDest(job->dest)) == NULL)
  {
    cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR,
                "Unable to queue job for destination \"%s\".",
                job->dest);
    goto error;
  }

  if ((job->reasons = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "job-state-reasons",
                                       IPP_TAG_KEYWORD)) == NULL)
  {
    const char  *reason;                /* job-state-reason keyword */

    cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG,
                "Adding missing job-state-reasons attribute to  control file.");

    switch (job->state_value)
    {
      default :
      case IPP_JOB_PENDING :
          if (destptr->state == IPP_PRINTER_STOPPED)
            reason = "printer-stopped";
          else
            reason = "none";
          break;

      case IPP_JOB_HELD :
          if ((attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "job-hold-until",
                                       IPP_TAG_ZERO)) != NULL &&
              (attr->value_tag == IPP_TAG_NAME ||
               attr->value_tag == IPP_TAG_NAMELANG ||
               attr->value_tag == IPP_TAG_KEYWORD) &&
              strcmp(attr->values[0].string.text, "no-hold"))
            reason = "job-hold-until-specified";
          else
            reason = "job-incoming";
          break;

      case IPP_JOB_PROCESSING :
          reason = "job-printing";
          break;

      case IPP_JOB_STOPPED :
          reason = "job-stopped";
          break;

      case IPP_JOB_CANCELED :
          reason = "job-canceled-by-user";
          break;

      case IPP_JOB_ABORTED :
          reason = "aborted-by-system";
          break;

      case IPP_JOB_COMPLETED :
          reason = "job-completed-successfully";
          break;
    }

    job->reasons = ippAddString(job->attrs, IPP_TAG_JOB, IPP_TAG_KEYWORD,
                                "job-state-reasons", NULL, reason);
  }
  else if (job->state_value == IPP_JOB_PENDING)
  {
    if (destptr->state == IPP_PRINTER_STOPPED)
      ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0, "printer-stopped");
    else
      ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0, "none");
  }

  job->impressions = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "job-impressions-completed", IPP_TAG_INTEGER);
  job->sheets      = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "job-media-sheets-completed", IPP_TAG_INTEGER);
  job->job_sheets  = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "job-sheets", IPP_TAG_NAME);

  if (!job->impressions)
    job->impressions = ippAddInteger(job->attrs, IPP_TAG_JOB, IPP_TAG_INTEGER, "job-impressions-completed", 0);
  if (!job->sheets)
    job->sheets = ippAddInteger(job->attrs, IPP_TAG_JOB, IPP_TAG_INTEGER, "job-media-sheets-completed", 0);

  if (!job->priority)
  {
    if ((attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "job-priority",
                                 IPP_TAG_INTEGER)) == NULL)
    {
      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR,
                  "Missing or bad job-priority attribute in control file.");
      goto error;
    }

    job->priority = attr->values[0].integer;
  }

  if (!job->username)
  {
    if ((attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "job-originating-user-name",
                                 IPP_TAG_NAME)) == NULL)
    {
      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR,
                  "Missing or bad job-originating-user-name "
                  "attribute in control file.");
      goto error;
    }

    cupsdSetString(&job->username, attr->values[0].string.text);
  }

  if (!job->name)
  {
    if ((attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "job-name", IPP_TAG_NAME)) != NULL)
      cupsdSetString(&job->name, attr->values[0].string.text);
  }

 /*
  * Set the job hold-until time and state...
  */

  if (job->state_value == IPP_JOB_HELD)
  {
    if ((attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "job-hold-until",
                                 IPP_TAG_KEYWORD)) == NULL)
      attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "job-hold-until", IPP_TAG_NAME);

    if (attr)
      cupsdSetJobHoldUntil(job, attr->values[0].string.text, CUPSD_JOB_DEFAULT);
    else
    {
      job->state->values[0].integer = IPP_JOB_PENDING;
      job->state_value              = IPP_JOB_PENDING;
    }
  }
  else if (job->state_value == IPP_JOB_PROCESSING)
  {
    job->state->values[0].integer = IPP_JOB_PENDING;
    job->state_value              = IPP_JOB_PENDING;
  }

  if ((attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "job-k-octets", IPP_TAG_INTEGER)) != NULL)
    job->koctets = attr->values[0].integer;

  if (!job->num_files)
  {
   /*
    * Find all the d##### files...
    */

    for (fileid = 1; fileid < 10000; fileid ++)
    {
      snprintf(jobfile, sizeof(jobfile), "%s/d%05d-%03d", RequestRoot,
               job->id, fileid);

      if (access(jobfile, 0))
        break;

      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG,
                  "Auto-typing document file \"%s\"...", jobfile);

      if (fileid > job->num_files)
      {
        if (job->num_files == 0)
        {
          compressions = (int *)calloc((size_t)fileid, sizeof(int));
          filetypes    = (mime_type_t **)calloc((size_t)fileid, sizeof(mime_type_t *));
        }
        else
        {
          compressions = (int *)realloc(job->compressions, sizeof(int) * (size_t)fileid);
          filetypes    = (mime_type_t **)realloc(job->filetypes, sizeof(mime_type_t *) * (size_t)fileid);
        }

        if (compressions)
          job->compressions = compressions;

        if (filetypes)
          job->filetypes = filetypes;

        if (!compressions || !filetypes)
        {
          cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR,
                      "Ran out of memory for job file types.");

          ippDelete(job->attrs);
          job->attrs = NULL;

          if (job->compressions)
          {
            free(job->compressions);
            job->compressions = NULL;
          }

          if (job->filetypes)
          {
            free(job->filetypes);
            job->filetypes = NULL;
          }

          job->num_files = 0;
          return (0);
        }

        job->num_files = fileid;
      }

      job->filetypes[fileid - 1] = mimeFileType(MimeDatabase, jobfile, NULL,
                                                job->compressions + fileid - 1);

      if (!job->filetypes[fileid - 1])
        job->filetypes[fileid - 1] = mimeType(MimeDatabase, "application",
                                              "vnd.cups-raw");
    }
  }

 /*
  * Load authentication information as needed...
  */

  if (job->state_value < IPP_JOB_STOPPED)
  {
    snprintf(jobfile, sizeof(jobfile), "%s/a%05d", RequestRoot, job->id);

    for (i = 0;
         i < (int)(sizeof(job->auth_env) / sizeof(job->auth_env[0]));
         i ++)
      cupsdClearString(job->auth_env + i);
    cupsdClearString(&job->auth_uid);

    if ((fp = cupsFileOpen(jobfile, "r")) != NULL)
    {
      int       bytes,                  /* Size of auth data */
                linenum = 1;            /* Current line number */
      char      line[65536],            /* Line from file */
                *value,                 /* Value from line */
                data[65536];            /* Decoded data */


      if (cupsFileGets(fp, line, sizeof(line)) &&
          !strcmp(line, "CUPSD-AUTH-V3"))
      {
        i = 0;
        while (cupsFileGetConf(fp, line, sizeof(line), &value, &linenum))
        {
         /*
          * Decode value...
          */

          if (strcmp(line, "negotiate") && strcmp(line, "uid"))
          {
            bytes = sizeof(data);
            httpDecode64_2(data, &bytes, value);
          }

         /*
          * Assign environment variables...
          */

          if (!strcmp(line, "uid"))
          {
            cupsdSetStringf(&job->auth_uid, "AUTH_UID=%s", value);
            continue;
          }
          else if (i >= (int)(sizeof(job->auth_env) / sizeof(job->auth_env[0])))
            break;

          if (!strcmp(line, "username"))
            cupsdSetStringf(job->auth_env + i, "AUTH_USERNAME=%s", data);
          else if (!strcmp(line, "domain"))
            cupsdSetStringf(job->auth_env + i, "AUTH_DOMAIN=%s", data);
          else if (!strcmp(line, "password"))
            cupsdSetStringf(job->auth_env + i, "AUTH_PASSWORD=%s", data);
          else if (!strcmp(line, "negotiate"))
            cupsdSetStringf(job->auth_env + i, "AUTH_NEGOTIATE=%s", value);
          else
            continue;

          i ++;
        }
      }

      cupsFileClose(fp);
    }
  }

  job->access_time = time(NULL);
  return (1);

 /*
  * If we get here then something bad happened...
  */

  error:

  ippDelete(job->attrs);
  job->attrs = NULL;

  remove_job_history(job);
  remove_job_files(job);

  return (0);
}


/*
 * 'cupsdMoveJob()' - Move the specified job to a different destination.
 */

void
cupsdMoveJob(cupsd_job_t     *job,      /* I - Job */
             cupsd_printer_t *p)        /* I - Destination printer or class */
{
  ipp_attribute_t       *attr;          /* job-printer-uri attribute */
  const char            *olddest;       /* Old destination */
  cupsd_printer_t       *oldp;          /* Old pointer */


 /*
  * Don't move completed jobs...
  */

  if (job->state_value > IPP_JOB_STOPPED)
    return;

 /*
  * Get the old destination...
  */

  olddest = job->dest;

  if (job->printer)
    oldp = job->printer;
  else
    oldp = cupsdFindDest(olddest);

 /*
  * Change the destination information...
  */

  if (job->state_value > IPP_JOB_HELD)
    cupsdSetJobState(job, IPP_JOB_PENDING, CUPSD_JOB_DEFAULT,
                     "Stopping job prior to move.");

  cupsdAddEvent(CUPSD_EVENT_JOB_CONFIG_CHANGED, oldp, job,
                "Job #%d moved from %s to %s.", job->id, olddest,
                p->name);

  cupsdSetString(&job->dest, p->name);
  job->dtype = p->type & (CUPS_PRINTER_CLASS | CUPS_PRINTER_REMOTE);

  if ((attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "job-printer-uri",
                               IPP_TAG_URI)) != NULL)
    ippSetString(job->attrs, &attr, 0, p->uri);

  cupsdAddEvent(CUPSD_EVENT_JOB_STOPPED, p, job,
                "Job #%d moved from %s to %s.", job->id, olddest,
                p->name);

  job->dirty = 1;
  cupsdMarkDirty(CUPSD_DIRTY_JOBS);
}


/*
 * 'cupsdReleaseJob()' - Release the specified job.
 */

void
cupsdReleaseJob(cupsd_job_t *job)       /* I - Job */
{
  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdReleaseJob(job=%p(%d))", job,
                  job->id);

  if (job->state_value == IPP_JOB_HELD)
  {
   /*
    * Add trailing banner as needed...
    */

    if (job->pending_timeout)
      cupsdTimeoutJob(job);

    cupsdSetJobState(job, IPP_JOB_PENDING, CUPSD_JOB_DEFAULT,
                     "Job released by user.");
  }
}


/*
 * 'cupsdRestartJob()' - Restart the specified job.
 */

void
cupsdRestartJob(cupsd_job_t *job)       /* I - Job */
{
  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdRestartJob(job=%p(%d))", job,
                  job->id);

  if (job->state_value == IPP_JOB_STOPPED || job->num_files)
    cupsdSetJobState(job, IPP_JOB_PENDING, CUPSD_JOB_DEFAULT,
                     "Job restarted by user.");
}


/*
 * 'cupsdSaveAllJobs()' - Save a summary of all jobs to disk.
 */

void
cupsdSaveAllJobs(void)
{
  int           i;                      /* Looping var */
  cups_file_t   *fp;                    /* job.cache file */
  char          filename[1024],         /* job.cache filename */
                temp[1024];             /* Temporary string */
  cupsd_job_t   *job;                   /* Current job */
  time_t        curtime;                /* Current time */
  struct tm     *curdate;               /* Current date */


  snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/job.cache", CacheDir);
  if ((fp = cupsdCreateConfFile(filename, ConfigFilePerm)) == NULL)
    return;

  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_INFO, "Saving job.cache...");

 /*
  * Write a small header to the file...
  */

  curtime = time(NULL);
  curdate = localtime(&curtime);
  strftime(temp, sizeof(temp) - 1, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M", curdate);

  cupsFilePuts(fp, "# Job cache file for " CUPS_SVERSION "\n");
  cupsFilePrintf(fp, "# Written by cupsd on %s\n", temp);
  cupsFilePrintf(fp, "NextJobId %d\n", NextJobId);

 /*
  * Write each job known to the system...
  */

  for (job = (cupsd_job_t *)cupsArrayFirst(Jobs);
       job;
       job = (cupsd_job_t *)cupsArrayNext(Jobs))
  {
    if (job->printer && job->printer->temporary)
    {
     /*
      * Don't save jobs on temporary printers...
      */

      continue;
    }

    cupsFilePrintf(fp, "<Job %d>\n", job->id);
    cupsFilePrintf(fp, "State %d\n", job->state_value);
    cupsFilePrintf(fp, "Created %ld\n", (long)job->creation_time);
    if (job->completed_time)
      cupsFilePrintf(fp, "Completed %ld\n", (long)job->completed_time);
    cupsFilePrintf(fp, "Priority %d\n", job->priority);
    if (job->hold_until)
      cupsFilePrintf(fp, "HoldUntil %ld\n", (long)job->hold_until);
    cupsFilePrintf(fp, "Username %s\n", job->username);
    if (job->name)
      cupsFilePutConf(fp, "Name", job->name);
    cupsFilePrintf(fp, "Destination %s\n", job->dest);
    cupsFilePrintf(fp, "DestType %d\n", job->dtype);
    cupsFilePrintf(fp, "KOctets %d\n", job->koctets);
    cupsFilePrintf(fp, "NumFiles %d\n", job->num_files);
    for (i = 0; i < job->num_files; i ++)
      cupsFilePrintf(fp, "File %d %s/%s %d\n", i + 1, job->filetypes[i]->super,
                     job->filetypes[i]->type, job->compressions[i]);
    cupsFilePuts(fp, "</Job>\n");
  }

  cupsdCloseCreatedConfFile(fp, filename);
}


/*
 * 'cupsdSaveJob()' - Save a job to disk.
 */

void
cupsdSaveJob(cupsd_job_t *job)          /* I - Job */
{
  char          filename[1024];         /* Job control filename */
  cups_file_t   *fp;                    /* Job file */


  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdSaveJob(job=%p(%d)): job->attrs=%p",
                  job, job->id, job->attrs);

  if (job->printer && job->printer->temporary)
  {
   /*
    * Don't save jobs on temporary printers...
    */

    job->dirty = 0;
    return;
  }

  snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/c%05d", RequestRoot, job->id);

  if ((fp = cupsdCreateConfFile(filename, ConfigFilePerm & 0600)) == NULL)
    return;

  fchown(cupsFileNumber(fp), RunUser, Group);

  job->attrs->state = IPP_IDLE;

  if (ippWriteIO(fp, (ipp_iocb_t)cupsFileWrite, 1, NULL,
                 job->attrs) != IPP_DATA)
  {
    cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to write job control file.");
    cupsFileClose(fp);
    return;
  }

  if (!cupsdCloseCreatedConfFile(fp, filename))
  {
   /*
    * Remove backup file and mark this job as clean...
    */

    strlcat(filename, ".O", sizeof(filename));
    unlink(filename);

    job->dirty = 0;
  }
}


/*
 * 'cupsdSetJobHoldUntil()' - Set the hold time for a job.
 */

void
cupsdSetJobHoldUntil(cupsd_job_t *job,  /* I - Job */
                     const char  *when, /* I - When to resume */
                     int         update)/* I - Update job-hold-until attr? */
{
  time_t        curtime;                /* Current time */
  struct tm     *curdate;               /* Current date */
  int           hour;                   /* Hold hour */
  int           minute;                 /* Hold minute */
  int           second = 0;             /* Hold second */


  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2,
                  "cupsdSetJobHoldUntil(job=%p(%d), when=\"%s\", update=%d)",
                  job, job->id, when, update);

  if (update)
  {
   /*
    * Update the job-hold-until attribute...
    */

    ipp_attribute_t *attr;              /* job-hold-until attribute */

    if ((attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "job-hold-until",
                                 IPP_TAG_KEYWORD)) == NULL)
      attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "job-hold-until", IPP_TAG_NAME);

    if (attr)
      ippSetString(job->attrs, &attr, 0, when);
    else
      attr = ippAddString(job->attrs, IPP_TAG_JOB, IPP_TAG_KEYWORD,
                          "job-hold-until", NULL, when);

    if (attr)
    {
      if (isdigit(when[0] & 255))
        attr->value_tag = IPP_TAG_NAME;
      else
        attr->value_tag = IPP_TAG_KEYWORD;

      job->dirty = 1;
      cupsdMarkDirty(CUPSD_DIRTY_JOBS);
    }

  }

  if (strcmp(when, "no-hold"))
    ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0, "job-hold-until-specified");
  else
    ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0, "none");

 /*
  * Update the hold time...
  */

  job->cancel_time = 0;

  if (!strcmp(when, "indefinite") || !strcmp(when, "auth-info-required"))
  {
   /*
    * Hold indefinitely...
    */

    job->hold_until = 0;

    if (MaxHoldTime > 0)
      job->cancel_time = time(NULL) + MaxHoldTime;
  }
  else if (!strcmp(when, "day-time"))
  {
   /*
    * Hold to 6am the next morning unless local time is < 6pm.
    */

    curtime = time(NULL);
    curdate = localtime(&curtime);

    if (curdate->tm_hour < 18)
      job->hold_until = curtime;
    else
      job->hold_until = curtime +
                        ((29 - curdate->tm_hour) * 60 + 59 -
                         curdate->tm_min) * 60 + 60 - curdate->tm_sec;
  }
  else if (!strcmp(when, "evening") || !strcmp(when, "night"))
  {
   /*
    * Hold to 6pm unless local time is > 6pm or < 6am.
    */

    curtime = time(NULL);
    curdate = localtime(&curtime);

    if (curdate->tm_hour < 6 || curdate->tm_hour >= 18)
      job->hold_until = curtime;
    else
      job->hold_until = curtime +
                        ((17 - curdate->tm_hour) * 60 + 59 -
                         curdate->tm_min) * 60 + 60 - curdate->tm_sec;
  }
  else if (!strcmp(when, "second-shift"))
  {
   /*
    * Hold to 4pm unless local time is > 4pm.
    */

    curtime = time(NULL);
    curdate = localtime(&curtime);

    if (curdate->tm_hour >= 16)
      job->hold_until = curtime;
    else
      job->hold_until = curtime +
                        ((15 - curdate->tm_hour) * 60 + 59 -
                         curdate->tm_min) * 60 + 60 - curdate->tm_sec;
  }
  else if (!strcmp(when, "third-shift"))
  {
   /*
    * Hold to 12am unless local time is < 8am.
    */

    curtime = time(NULL);
    curdate = localtime(&curtime);

    if (curdate->tm_hour < 8)
      job->hold_until = curtime;
    else
      job->hold_until = curtime +
                        ((23 - curdate->tm_hour) * 60 + 59 -
                         curdate->tm_min) * 60 + 60 - curdate->tm_sec;
  }
  else if (!strcmp(when, "weekend"))
  {
   /*
    * Hold to weekend unless we are in the weekend.
    */

    curtime = time(NULL);
    curdate = localtime(&curtime);

    if (curdate->tm_wday == 0 || curdate->tm_wday == 6)
      job->hold_until = curtime;
    else
      job->hold_until = curtime +
                        (((5 - curdate->tm_wday) * 24 +
                          (17 - curdate->tm_hour)) * 60 + 59 -
                           curdate->tm_min) * 60 + 60 - curdate->tm_sec;
  }
  else if (sscanf(when, "%d:%d:%d", &hour, &minute, &second) >= 2)
  {
   /*
    * Hold to specified GMT time (HH:MM or HH:MM:SS)...
    */

    curtime = time(NULL);
    curdate = gmtime(&curtime);

    job->hold_until = curtime +
                      ((hour - curdate->tm_hour) * 60 + minute -
                       curdate->tm_min) * 60 + second - curdate->tm_sec;

   /*
    * Hold until next day as needed...
    */

    if (job->hold_until < curtime)
      job->hold_until += 24 * 60 * 60;
  }

  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdSetJobHoldUntil: hold_until=%d",
                  (int)job->hold_until);
}


/*
 * 'cupsdSetJobPriority()' - Set the priority of a job, moving it up/down in
 *                           the list as needed.
 */

void
cupsdSetJobPriority(
    cupsd_job_t *job,                   /* I - Job ID */
    int         priority)               /* I - New priority (0 to 100) */
{
  ipp_attribute_t       *attr;          /* Job attribute */


 /*
  * Don't change completed jobs...
  */

  if (job->state_value >= IPP_JOB_PROCESSING)
    return;

 /*
  * Set the new priority and re-add the job into the active list...
  */

  cupsArrayRemove(ActiveJobs, job);

  job->priority = priority;

  if ((attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "job-priority",
                               IPP_TAG_INTEGER)) != NULL)
    attr->values[0].integer = priority;
  else
    ippAddInteger(job->attrs, IPP_TAG_JOB, IPP_TAG_INTEGER, "job-priority",
                  priority);

  cupsArrayAdd(ActiveJobs, job);

  job->dirty = 1;
  cupsdMarkDirty(CUPSD_DIRTY_JOBS);
}


/*
 * 'cupsdSetJobState()' - Set the state of the specified print job.
 */

void
cupsdSetJobState(
    cupsd_job_t       *job,             /* I - Job to cancel */
    ipp_jstate_t      newstate,         /* I - New job state */
    cupsd_jobaction_t action,           /* I - Action to take */
    const char        *message,         /* I - Message to log */
    ...)                                /* I - Additional arguments as needed */
{
  int                   i;              /* Looping var */
  ipp_jstate_t          oldstate;       /* Old state */
  char                  filename[1024]; /* Job filename */
  ipp_attribute_t       *attr;          /* Job attribute */


  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2,
                  "cupsdSetJobState(job=%p(%d), state=%d, newstate=%d, "
                  "action=%d, message=\"%s\")", job, job->id, job->state_value,
                  newstate, action, message ? message : "(null)");


 /*
  * Make sure we have the job attributes...
  */

  if (!cupsdLoadJob(job))
    return;

 /*
  * Don't do anything if the state is unchanged and we aren't purging the
  * job...
  */

  oldstate = job->state_value;
  if (newstate == oldstate && action != CUPSD_JOB_PURGE)
    return;

 /*
  * Stop any processes that are working on the current job...
  */

  if (oldstate == IPP_JOB_PROCESSING)
    stop_job(job, action);

 /*
  * Set the new job state...
  */

  job->state_value = newstate;

  if (job->state)
    job->state->values[0].integer = newstate;

  switch (newstate)
  {
    case IPP_JOB_PENDING :
       /*
        * Update job-hold-until as needed...
        */

        if ((attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "job-hold-until",
                                     IPP_TAG_KEYWORD)) == NULL)
          attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "job-hold-until", IPP_TAG_NAME);

        if (attr)
        {
          ippSetValueTag(job->attrs, &attr, IPP_TAG_KEYWORD);
          ippSetString(job->attrs, &attr, 0, "no-hold");
        }

    default :
        break;

    case IPP_JOB_ABORTED :
    case IPP_JOB_CANCELED :
    case IPP_JOB_COMPLETED :
        set_time(job, "time-at-completed");
        ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0, "processing-to-stop-point");
        break;
  }

 /*
  * Log message as needed...
  */

  if (message)
  {
    char        buffer[2048];           /* Message buffer */
    va_list     ap;                     /* Pointer to additional arguments */

    va_start(ap, message);
    vsnprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), message, ap);
    va_end(ap);

    if (newstate > IPP_JOB_STOPPED)
      cupsdAddEvent(CUPSD_EVENT_JOB_COMPLETED, job->printer, job, "%s", buffer);
    else
      cupsdAddEvent(CUPSD_EVENT_JOB_STATE, job->printer, job, "%s", buffer);

    if (newstate == IPP_JOB_STOPPED || newstate == IPP_JOB_ABORTED)
      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "%s", buffer);
    else
      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_INFO, "%s", buffer);
  }

 /*
  * Handle post-state-change actions...
  */

  switch (newstate)
  {
    case IPP_JOB_PROCESSING :
       /*
        * Add the job to the "printing" list...
        */

        if (!cupsArrayFind(PrintingJobs, job))
          cupsArrayAdd(PrintingJobs, job);

       /*
        * Set the processing time...
        */

        set_time(job, "time-at-processing");

    case IPP_JOB_PENDING :
    case IPP_JOB_HELD :
    case IPP_JOB_STOPPED :
       /*
        * Make sure the job is in the active list...
        */

        if (!cupsArrayFind(ActiveJobs, job))
          cupsArrayAdd(ActiveJobs, job);

       /*
        * Save the job state to disk...
        */

        job->dirty = 1;
        cupsdMarkDirty(CUPSD_DIRTY_JOBS);
        break;

    case IPP_JOB_ABORTED :
    case IPP_JOB_CANCELED :
    case IPP_JOB_COMPLETED :
        if (newstate == IPP_JOB_CANCELED)
        {
         /*
          * Remove the job from the active list if there are no processes still
          * running for it...
          */

          for (i = 0; job->filters[i] < 0; i++);

          if (!job->filters[i] && job->backend <= 0)
            cupsArrayRemove(ActiveJobs, job);
        }
        else
        {
         /*
          * Otherwise just remove the job from the active list immediately...
          */

          cupsArrayRemove(ActiveJobs, job);
        }

       /*
        * Expire job subscriptions since the job is now "completed"...
        */

        cupsdExpireSubscriptions(NULL, job);

#ifdef __APPLE__
       /*
        * If we are going to sleep and the PrintingJobs count is now 0, allow the
        * sleep to happen immediately...
        */

        if (Sleeping && cupsArrayCount(PrintingJobs) == 0)
          cupsdAllowSleep();
#endif /* __APPLE__ */

       /*
        * Remove any authentication data...
        */

        snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/a%05d", RequestRoot, job->id);
        if (cupsdRemoveFile(filename) && errno != ENOENT)
          cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR,
                          "Unable to remove authentication cache: %s",
                          strerror(errno));

        for (i = 0;
             i < (int)(sizeof(job->auth_env) / sizeof(job->auth_env[0]));
             i ++)
          cupsdClearString(job->auth_env + i);

        cupsdClearString(&job->auth_uid);

       /*
        * Remove the print file for good if we aren't preserving jobs or
        * files...
        */

        if (!JobHistory || !JobFiles || action == CUPSD_JOB_PURGE)
          remove_job_files(job);

        if (JobHistory && action != CUPSD_JOB_PURGE)
        {
         /*
          * Save job state info...
          */

          job->dirty = 1;
          cupsdMarkDirty(CUPSD_DIRTY_JOBS);
        }
        else if (!job->printer)
        {
         /*
          * Delete the job immediately if not actively printing...
          */

          cupsdDeleteJob(job, CUPSD_JOB_PURGE);
          job = NULL;
        }
        break;
  }

 /*
  * Finalize the job immediately if we forced things...
  */

  if (action >= CUPSD_JOB_FORCE && job && job->printer)
    finalize_job(job, 0);

 /*
  * Update the server "busy" state...
  */

  cupsdSetBusyState(0);
}


/*
 * 'cupsdStopAllJobs()' - Stop all print jobs.
 */

void
cupsdStopAllJobs(
    cupsd_jobaction_t action,           /* I - Action */
    int               kill_delay)       /* I - Number of seconds before we kill */
{
  cupsd_job_t   *job;                   /* Current job */


  DEBUG_puts("cupsdStopAllJobs()");

  for (job = (cupsd_job_t *)cupsArrayFirst(PrintingJobs);
       job;
       job = (cupsd_job_t *)cupsArrayNext(PrintingJobs))
  {
    if (job->completed)
    {
      cupsdSetJobState(job, IPP_JOB_COMPLETED, CUPSD_JOB_FORCE, NULL);
    }
    else
    {
      if (kill_delay)
        job->kill_time = time(NULL) + kill_delay;

      cupsdSetJobState(job, IPP_JOB_PENDING, action, NULL);
    }
  }
}


/*
 * 'cupsdUnloadCompletedJobs()' - Flush completed job history from memory.
 */

void
cupsdUnloadCompletedJobs(void)
{
  cupsd_job_t   *job;                   /* Current job */
  time_t        expire;                 /* Expiration time */


  expire = time(NULL) - 60;

  for (job = (cupsd_job_t *)cupsArrayFirst(Jobs);
       job;
       job = (cupsd_job_t *)cupsArrayNext(Jobs))
    if (job->attrs && job->state_value >= IPP_JOB_STOPPED && !job->printer &&
        job->access_time < expire)
    {
      if (job->dirty)
        cupsdSaveJob(job);

      if (!job->dirty)
        unload_job(job);
    }
}


/*
 * 'cupsdUpdateJobs()' - Update the history/file files for all jobs.
 */

void
cupsdUpdateJobs(void)
{
  cupsd_job_t           *job;           /* Current job */
  time_t                curtime;        /* Current time */
  ipp_attribute_t       *attr;          /* time-at-completed attribute */


  curtime          = time(NULL);
  JobHistoryUpdate = 0;

  for (job = (cupsd_job_t *)cupsArrayFirst(Jobs);
       job;
       job = (cupsd_job_t *)cupsArrayNext(Jobs))
  {
    if (job->state_value >= IPP_JOB_CANCELED &&
        (attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "time-at-completed",
                                 IPP_TAG_INTEGER)) != NULL)
    {
     /*
      * Update history/file expiration times...
      */

      if (JobHistory < INT_MAX)
        job->history_time = attr->values[0].integer + JobHistory;
      else
        job->history_time = INT_MAX;

      if (job->history_time < curtime)
      {
        cupsdDeleteJob(job, CUPSD_JOB_PURGE);
        continue;
      }

      if (job->history_time < JobHistoryUpdate || !JobHistoryUpdate)
        JobHistoryUpdate = job->history_time;

      if (JobFiles < INT_MAX)
        job->file_time = attr->values[0].integer + JobFiles;
      else
        job->file_time = INT_MAX;

      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdUpdateJobs: job->file_time=%ld, time-at-completed=%ld, JobFiles=%d", (long)job->file_time, (long)attr->values[0].integer, JobFiles);

      if (job->file_time < JobHistoryUpdate || !JobHistoryUpdate)
        JobHistoryUpdate = job->file_time;
    }
  }

  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdUpdateJobs: JobHistoryUpdate=%ld",
                  (long)JobHistoryUpdate);
}


/*
 * 'compare_active_jobs()' - Compare the job IDs and priorities of two jobs.
 */

static int                              /* O - Difference */
compare_active_jobs(void *first,        /* I - First job */
                    void *second,       /* I - Second job */
                    void *data)         /* I - App data (not used) */
{
  int   diff;                           /* Difference */


  (void)data;

  if ((diff = ((cupsd_job_t *)second)->priority -
              ((cupsd_job_t *)first)->priority) != 0)
    return (diff);
  else
    return (((cupsd_job_t *)first)->id - ((cupsd_job_t *)second)->id);
}


/*
 * 'compare_completed_jobs()' - Compare the job IDs and completion times of two jobs.
 */

static int                              /* O - Difference */
compare_completed_jobs(void *first,     /* I - First job */
                       void *second,    /* I - Second job */
                       void *data)      /* I - App data (not used) */
{
  int   diff;                           /* Difference */


  (void)data;

  if ((diff = ((cupsd_job_t *)second)->completed_time -
              ((cupsd_job_t *)first)->completed_time) != 0)
    return (diff);
  else
    return (((cupsd_job_t *)first)->id - ((cupsd_job_t *)second)->id);
}


/*
 * 'compare_jobs()' - Compare the job IDs of two jobs.
 */

static int                              /* O - Difference */
compare_jobs(void *first,               /* I - First job */
             void *second,              /* I - Second job */
             void *data)                /* I - App data (not used) */
{
  (void)data;

  return (((cupsd_job_t *)first)->id - ((cupsd_job_t *)second)->id);
}


/*
 * 'dump_job_history()' - Dump any debug messages for a job.
 */

static void
dump_job_history(cupsd_job_t *job)      /* I - Job */
{
  int                   i,              /* Looping var */
                        oldsize;        /* Current MaxLogSize */
  struct tm             *date;          /* Date/time value */
  cupsd_joblog_t        *message;       /* Current message */
  char                  temp[2048],     /* Log message */
                        *ptr,           /* Pointer into log message */
                        start[256],     /* Start time */
                        end[256];       /* End time */
  cupsd_printer_t       *printer;       /* Printer for job */


 /*
  * See if we have anything to dump...
  */

  if (!job->history)
    return;

 /*
  * Disable log rotation temporarily...
  */

  oldsize    = MaxLogSize;
  MaxLogSize = 0;

 /*
  * Copy the debug messages to the log...
  */

  message = (cupsd_joblog_t *)cupsArrayFirst(job->history);
  date = localtime(&(message->time));
  strftime(start, sizeof(start), "%X", date);

  message = (cupsd_joblog_t *)cupsArrayLast(job->history);
  date = localtime(&(message->time));
  strftime(end, sizeof(end), "%X", date);

  snprintf(temp, sizeof(temp),
           "[Job %d] The following messages were recorded from %s to %s",
           job->id, start, end);
  cupsdWriteErrorLog(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, temp);

  for (message = (cupsd_joblog_t *)cupsArrayFirst(job->history);
       message;
       message = (cupsd_joblog_t *)cupsArrayNext(job->history))
    cupsdWriteErrorLog(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, message->message);

  snprintf(temp, sizeof(temp), "[Job %d] End of messages", job->id);
  cupsdWriteErrorLog(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, temp);

 /*
  * Log the printer state values...
  */

  if ((printer = job->printer) == NULL)
    printer = cupsdFindDest(job->dest);

  if (printer)
  {
    snprintf(temp, sizeof(temp), "[Job %d] printer-state=%d(%s)", job->id,
             printer->state,
             printer->state == IPP_PRINTER_IDLE ? "idle" :
                 printer->state == IPP_PRINTER_PROCESSING ? "processing" :
                 "stopped");
    cupsdWriteErrorLog(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, temp);

    snprintf(temp, sizeof(temp), "[Job %d] printer-state-message=\"%s\"",
             job->id, printer->state_message);
    cupsdWriteErrorLog(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, temp);

    snprintf(temp, sizeof(temp), "[Job %d] printer-state-reasons=", job->id);
    ptr = temp + strlen(temp);
    if (printer->num_reasons == 0)
      strlcpy(ptr, "none", sizeof(temp) - (size_t)(ptr - temp));
    else
    {
      for (i = 0;
           i < printer->num_reasons && ptr < (temp + sizeof(temp) - 2);
           i ++)
      {
        if (i)
          *ptr++ = ',';

        strlcpy(ptr, printer->reasons[i], sizeof(temp) - (size_t)(ptr - temp));
        ptr += strlen(ptr);
      }
    }
    cupsdWriteErrorLog(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, temp);
  }

 /*
  * Restore log file rotation...
  */

  MaxLogSize = oldsize;

 /*
  * Free all messages...
  */

  free_job_history(job);
}


/*
 * 'free_job_history()' - Free any log history.
 */

static void
free_job_history(cupsd_job_t *job)      /* I - Job */
{
  char  *message;                       /* Current message */


  if (!job->history)
    return;

  for (message = (char *)cupsArrayFirst(job->history);
       message;
       message = (char *)cupsArrayNext(job->history))
    free(message);

  cupsArrayDelete(job->history);
  job->history = NULL;
}


/*
 * 'finalize_job()' - Cleanup after job filter processes and support data.
 */

static void
finalize_job(cupsd_job_t *job,          /* I - Job */
             int         set_job_state) /* I - 1 = set the job state */
{
  ipp_pstate_t          printer_state;  /* New printer state value */
  ipp_jstate_t          job_state;      /* New job state value */
  const char            *message;       /* Message for job state */
  char                  buffer[1024];   /* Buffer for formatted messages */


  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "finalize_job(job=%p(%d))", job, job->id);

 /*
  * Clear the "connecting-to-device" and "cups-waiting-for-job-completed"
  * reasons, which are only valid when a printer is processing, along with any
  * remote printing job state...
  */

  cupsdSetPrinterReasons(job->printer, "-connecting-to-device,"
                                       "cups-waiting-for-job-completed,"
                                       "cups-remote-pending,"
                                       "cups-remote-pending-held,"
                                       "cups-remote-processing,"
                                       "cups-remote-stopped,"
                                       "cups-remote-canceled,"
                                       "cups-remote-aborted,"
                                       "cups-remote-completed");

 /*
  * Similarly, clear the "offline-report" reason for non-USB devices since we
  * rarely have current information for network devices...
  */

  if (strncmp(job->printer->device_uri, "usb:", 4) &&
      strncmp(job->printer->device_uri, "ippusb:", 7))
    cupsdSetPrinterReasons(job->printer, "-offline-report");

 /*
  * Free the security profile...
  */

  cupsdDestroyProfile(job->profile);
  job->profile = NULL;
  cupsdDestroyProfile(job->bprofile);
  job->bprofile = NULL;

 /*
  * Clear the unresponsive job watchdog timers...
  */

  job->cancel_time = 0;
  job->kill_time   = 0;

 /*
  * Close pipes and status buffer...
  */

  cupsdClosePipe(job->print_pipes);
  cupsdClosePipe(job->back_pipes);
  cupsdClosePipe(job->side_pipes);

  cupsdRemoveSelect(job->status_pipes[0]);
  cupsdClosePipe(job->status_pipes);
  cupsdStatBufDelete(job->status_buffer);
  job->status_buffer = NULL;

 /*
  * Log the final impression (page) count...
  */

  snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "total %d", ippGetInteger(job->impressions, 0));
  cupsdLogPage(job, buffer);

 /*
  * Process the exit status...
  */

  if (job->printer->state == IPP_PRINTER_PROCESSING)
    printer_state = IPP_PRINTER_IDLE;
  else
    printer_state = job->printer->state;

  switch (job_state = job->state_value)
  {
    case IPP_JOB_PENDING :
        message = "Job paused.";
        break;

    case IPP_JOB_HELD :
        message = "Job held.";
        break;

    default :
    case IPP_JOB_PROCESSING :
    case IPP_JOB_COMPLETED :
        job_state = IPP_JOB_COMPLETED;
        message   = "Job completed.";

        if (!job->status)
          ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0,
                       "job-completed-successfully");
        break;

    case IPP_JOB_STOPPED :
        message = "Job stopped.";

        ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0, "job-stopped");
        break;

    case IPP_JOB_CANCELED :
        message = "Job canceled.";

        ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0, "job-canceled-by-user");
        break;

    case IPP_JOB_ABORTED :
        message = "Job aborted.";
        break;
  }

  if (job->status < 0)
  {
   /*
    * Backend had errors...
    */

    int exit_code;                      /* Exit code from backend */

   /*
    * Convert the status to an exit code.  Due to the way the W* macros are
    * implemented on macOS (bug?), we have to store the exit status in a
    * variable first and then convert...
    */

    exit_code = -job->status;
    if (WIFEXITED(exit_code))
      exit_code = WEXITSTATUS(exit_code);
    else
    {
      ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0, "cups-backend-crashed");
      exit_code = job->status;
    }

    cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_INFO, "Backend returned status %d (%s)",
                exit_code,
                exit_code == CUPS_BACKEND_FAILED ? "failed" :
                    exit_code == CUPS_BACKEND_AUTH_REQUIRED ?
                        "authentication required" :
                    exit_code == CUPS_BACKEND_HOLD ? "hold job" :
                    exit_code == CUPS_BACKEND_STOP ? "stop printer" :
                    exit_code == CUPS_BACKEND_CANCEL ? "cancel job" :
                    exit_code == CUPS_BACKEND_RETRY ? "retry job later" :
                    exit_code == CUPS_BACKEND_RETRY_CURRENT ? "retry job immediately" :
                    exit_code < 0 ? "crashed" : "unknown");

   /*
    * Do what needs to be done...
    */

    switch (exit_code)
    {
      default :
      case CUPS_BACKEND_FAILED :
         /*
          * Backend failure, use the error-policy to determine how to
          * act...
          */

          if (job->dtype & CUPS_PRINTER_CLASS)
          {
           /*
            * Queued on a class - mark the job as pending and we'll retry on
            * another printer...
            */

            if (job_state == IPP_JOB_COMPLETED)
            {
              job_state = IPP_JOB_PENDING;
              message   = "Retrying job on another printer.";

              ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0,
                           "resources-are-not-ready");
            }
          }
          else if (!strcmp(job->printer->error_policy, "retry-current-job"))
          {
           /*
            * The error policy is "retry-current-job" - mark the job as pending
            * and we'll retry on the same printer...
            */

            if (job_state == IPP_JOB_COMPLETED)
            {
              job_state = IPP_JOB_PENDING;
              message   = "Retrying job on same printer.";

              ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0, "none");
            }
          }
          else if ((job->printer->type & CUPS_PRINTER_FAX) ||
                   !strcmp(job->printer->error_policy, "retry-job"))
          {
            if (job_state == IPP_JOB_COMPLETED)
            {
             /*
              * The job was queued on a fax or the error policy is "retry-job" -
              * hold the job if the number of retries is less than the
              * JobRetryLimit, otherwise abort the job.
              */

              job->tries ++;

              if (job->tries > JobRetryLimit && JobRetryLimit > 0)
              {
               /*
                * Too many tries...
                */

                snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer),
                         "Job aborted after %d unsuccessful attempts.",
                         JobRetryLimit);
                job_state = IPP_JOB_ABORTED;
                message   = buffer;

                ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0, "aborted-by-system");
              }
              else
              {
               /*
                * Try again in N seconds...
                */

                snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer),
                         "Job held for %d seconds since it could not be sent.",
                         JobRetryInterval);

                job->hold_until = time(NULL) + JobRetryInterval;
                job_state       = IPP_JOB_HELD;
                message         = buffer;

                ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0,
                             "resources-are-not-ready");
              }
            }
          }
          else if (!strcmp(job->printer->error_policy, "abort-job") &&
                   job_state == IPP_JOB_COMPLETED)
          {
            job_state = IPP_JOB_ABORTED;
            message   = "Job aborted due to backend errors; please consult "
                        "the error_log file for details.";

            ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0, "aborted-by-system");
          }
          else if (job->state_value == IPP_JOB_PROCESSING)
          {
            job_state     = IPP_JOB_PENDING;
            printer_state = IPP_PRINTER_STOPPED;
            message       = "Printer stopped due to backend errors; please "
                            "consult the error_log file for details.";

            ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0, "none");
          }
          break;

      case CUPS_BACKEND_CANCEL :
         /*
          * Cancel the job...
          */

          if (job_state == IPP_JOB_COMPLETED)
          {
            job_state = IPP_JOB_CANCELED;
            message   = "Job canceled at printer.";

            ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0, "canceled-at-device");
          }
          break;

      case CUPS_BACKEND_HOLD :
          if (job_state == IPP_JOB_COMPLETED)
          {
           /*
            * Hold the job...
            */

            const char *reason = ippGetString(job->reasons, 0, NULL);

            cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "job-state-reasons=\"%s\"",
                        reason);

            if (!reason || strncmp(reason, "account-", 8))
            {
              cupsdSetJobHoldUntil(job, "indefinite", 1);

              ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0,
                           "job-hold-until-specified");
              message = "Job held indefinitely due to backend errors; please "
                        "consult the error_log file for details.";
            }
            else if (!strcmp(reason, "account-info-needed"))
            {
              cupsdSetJobHoldUntil(job, "indefinite", 0);

              message = "Job held indefinitely - account information is "
                        "required.";
            }
            else if (!strcmp(reason, "account-closed"))
            {
              cupsdSetJobHoldUntil(job, "indefinite", 0);

              message = "Job held indefinitely - account has been closed.";
            }
            else if (!strcmp(reason, "account-limit-reached"))
            {
              cupsdSetJobHoldUntil(job, "indefinite", 0);

              message = "Job held indefinitely - account limit has been "
                        "reached.";
            }
            else
            {
              cupsdSetJobHoldUntil(job, "indefinite", 0);

              message = "Job held indefinitely - account authorization failed.";
            }

            job_state = IPP_JOB_HELD;
          }
          break;

      case CUPS_BACKEND_STOP :
         /*
          * Stop the printer...
          */

          printer_state = IPP_PRINTER_STOPPED;
          message       = "Printer stopped due to backend errors; please "
                          "consult the error_log file for details.";

          if (job_state == IPP_JOB_COMPLETED)
          {
            job_state = IPP_JOB_PENDING;

            ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0,
                         "resources-are-not-ready");
          }
          break;

      case CUPS_BACKEND_AUTH_REQUIRED :
         /*
          * Hold the job for authentication...
          */

          if (job_state == IPP_JOB_COMPLETED)
          {
            cupsdSetJobHoldUntil(job, "auth-info-required", 1);

            job_state = IPP_JOB_HELD;
            message   = "Job held for authentication.";

            if (strncmp(job->reasons->values[0].string.text, "account-", 8))
              ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0,
                           "cups-held-for-authentication");
          }
          break;

      case CUPS_BACKEND_RETRY :
          if (job_state == IPP_JOB_COMPLETED)
          {
           /*
            * Hold the job if the number of retries is less than the
            * JobRetryLimit, otherwise abort the job.
            */

            job->tries ++;

            if (job->tries > JobRetryLimit && JobRetryLimit > 0)
            {
             /*
              * Too many tries...
              */

              snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer),
                       "Job aborted after %d unsuccessful attempts.",
                       JobRetryLimit);
              job_state = IPP_JOB_ABORTED;
              message   = buffer;

              ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0, "aborted-by-system");
            }
            else
            {
             /*
              * Try again in N seconds...
              */

              snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer),
                       "Job held for %d seconds since it could not be sent.",
                       JobRetryInterval);

              job->hold_until = time(NULL) + JobRetryInterval;
              job_state       = IPP_JOB_HELD;
              message         = buffer;

              ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0,
                           "resources-are-not-ready");
            }
          }
          break;

      case CUPS_BACKEND_RETRY_CURRENT :
         /*
          * Mark the job as pending and retry on the same printer...
          */

          if (job_state == IPP_JOB_COMPLETED)
          {
            job_state = IPP_JOB_PENDING;
            message   = "Retrying job on same printer.";

            ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0, "none");
          }
          break;
    }
  }
  else if (job->status > 0)
  {
   /*
    * Filter had errors; stop job...
    */

    if (job_state == IPP_JOB_COMPLETED)
    {
      job_state = IPP_JOB_STOPPED;
      message   = "Job stopped due to filter errors; please consult the "
                  "error_log file for details.";

      if (WIFSIGNALED(job->status))
        ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0, "cups-filter-crashed");
      else
        ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0, "job-completed-with-errors");
    }
  }

 /*
  * Update the printer and job state.
  */

  if (set_job_state && job_state != job->state_value)
    cupsdSetJobState(job, job_state, CUPSD_JOB_DEFAULT, "%s", message);

  cupsdSetPrinterState(job->printer, printer_state,
                       printer_state == IPP_PRINTER_STOPPED);
  update_job_attrs(job, 0);

  if (job->history)
  {
    if (job->status &&
        (job->state_value == IPP_JOB_ABORTED ||
         job->state_value == IPP_JOB_STOPPED))
      dump_job_history(job);
    else
      free_job_history(job);
  }

  cupsArrayRemove(PrintingJobs, job);

 /*
  * Clear informational messages...
  */

  if (job->status_level > CUPSD_LOG_ERROR)
    job->printer->state_message[0] = '\0';

 /*
  * Apply any PPD updates...
  */

  if (job->num_keywords)
  {
    if (cupsdUpdatePrinterPPD(job->printer, job->num_keywords, job->keywords))
      cupsdSetPrinterAttrs(job->printer);

    cupsFreeOptions(job->num_keywords, job->keywords);

    job->num_keywords = 0;
    job->keywords     = NULL;
  }

 /*
  * Clear the printer <-> job association...
  */

  job->printer->job = NULL;
  job->printer      = NULL;
}


/*
 * 'get_options()' - Get a string containing the job options.
 */

static char *                           /* O - Options string */
get_options(cupsd_job_t *job,           /* I - Job */
            int         banner_page,    /* I - Printing a banner page? */
            char        *copies,        /* I - Copies buffer */
            size_t      copies_size,    /* I - Size of copies buffer */
            char        *title,         /* I - Title buffer */
            size_t      title_size)     /* I - Size of title buffer */
{
  int                   i;              /* Looping var */
  size_t                newlength;      /* New option buffer length */
  char                  *optptr,        /* Pointer to options */
                        *valptr;        /* Pointer in value string */
  ipp_attribute_t       *attr;          /* Current attribute */
  _ppd_cache_t          *pc;            /* PPD cache and mapping data */
  int                   num_pwgppds;    /* Number of PWG->PPD options */
  cups_option_t         *pwgppds,       /* PWG->PPD options */
                        *pwgppd,        /* Current PWG->PPD option */
                        *preset;        /* Current preset option */
  int                   print_color_mode,
                                        /* Output mode (if any) */
                        print_quality;  /* Print quality (if any) */
  const char            *ppd;           /* PPD option choice */
  int                   exact;          /* Did we get an exact match? */
  static char           *options = NULL;/* Full list of options */
  static size_t         optlength = 0;  /* Length of option buffer */


 /*
  * Building the options string is harder than it needs to be, but for the
  * moment we need to pass strings for command-line args and not IPP attribute
  * pointers... :)
  *
  * First build an options array for any PWG->PPD mapped option/choice pairs.
  */

  pc          = job->printer->pc;
  num_pwgppds = 0;
  pwgppds     = NULL;

  if (pc &&
      !ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "com.apple.print.DocumentTicket.PMSpoolFormat", IPP_TAG_ZERO) &&
      !ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "APPrinterPreset", IPP_TAG_ZERO) &&
      (ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "print-color-mode", IPP_TAG_ZERO) || ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "print-quality", IPP_TAG_ZERO) || ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "cupsPrintQuality", IPP_TAG_ZERO)))
  {
   /*
    * Map print-color-mode and print-quality to a preset...
    */

    if ((attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "print-color-mode",
                                 IPP_TAG_KEYWORD)) != NULL &&
        !strcmp(attr->values[0].string.text, "monochrome"))
      print_color_mode = _PWG_PRINT_COLOR_MODE_MONOCHROME;
    else
      print_color_mode = _PWG_PRINT_COLOR_MODE_COLOR;

    if ((attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "print-quality", IPP_TAG_ENUM)) != NULL)
    {
      ipp_quality_t pq = (ipp_quality_t)ippGetInteger(attr, 0);

      if (pq >= IPP_QUALITY_DRAFT && pq <= IPP_QUALITY_HIGH)
        print_quality = attr->values[0].integer - IPP_QUALITY_DRAFT;
      else
        print_quality = _PWG_PRINT_QUALITY_NORMAL;
    }
    else if ((attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "cupsPrintQuality", IPP_TAG_NAME)) != NULL)
    {
      const char *pq = ippGetString(attr, 0, NULL);

      if (!_cups_strcasecmp(pq, "draft"))
        print_quality = _PWG_PRINT_QUALITY_DRAFT;
      else if (!_cups_strcasecmp(pq, "high"))
        print_quality = _PWG_PRINT_QUALITY_HIGH;
      else
        print_quality = _PWG_PRINT_QUALITY_NORMAL;

      if (!ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "print-quality", IPP_TAG_ENUM))
      {
        cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "Mapping cupsPrintQuality=%s to print-quality=%d", pq, print_quality + IPP_QUALITY_DRAFT);
        num_pwgppds = cupsAddIntegerOption("print-quality", print_quality + IPP_QUALITY_DRAFT, num_pwgppds, &pwgppds);
      }
    }
    else
    {
      print_quality = _PWG_PRINT_QUALITY_NORMAL;
    }

    if (pc->num_presets[print_color_mode][print_quality] == 0)
    {
     /*
      * Try to find a preset that works so that we maximize the chances of us
      * getting a good print using IPP attributes.
      */

      if (pc->num_presets[print_color_mode][_PWG_PRINT_QUALITY_NORMAL] > 0)
        print_quality = _PWG_PRINT_QUALITY_NORMAL;
      else if (pc->num_presets[_PWG_PRINT_COLOR_MODE_COLOR][print_quality] > 0)
        print_color_mode = _PWG_PRINT_COLOR_MODE_COLOR;
      else
      {
        print_quality    = _PWG_PRINT_QUALITY_NORMAL;
        print_color_mode = _PWG_PRINT_COLOR_MODE_COLOR;
      }
    }

    if (pc->num_presets[print_color_mode][print_quality] > 0)
    {
     /*
      * Copy the preset options as long as the corresponding names are not
      * already defined in the IPP request...
      */

      for (i = pc->num_presets[print_color_mode][print_quality],
               preset = pc->presets[print_color_mode][print_quality];
           i > 0;
           i --, preset ++)
      {
        if (!ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, preset->name, IPP_TAG_ZERO))
        {
          cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "Adding preset option %s=%s", preset->name, preset->value);

          num_pwgppds = cupsAddOption(preset->name, preset->value, num_pwgppds, &pwgppds);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  if (pc)
  {
    if ((attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "print-quality", IPP_TAG_ENUM)) != NULL)
    {
      int pq = ippGetInteger(attr, 0);
      static const char * const pqs[] = { "Draft", "Normal", "High" };

      if (pq >= IPP_QUALITY_DRAFT && pq <= IPP_QUALITY_HIGH)
      {
        cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "Mapping print-quality=%d to cupsPrintQuality=%s", pq, pqs[pq - IPP_QUALITY_DRAFT]);

        num_pwgppds = cupsAddOption("cupsPrintQuality", pqs[pq - IPP_QUALITY_DRAFT], num_pwgppds, &pwgppds);
      }
    }

    if (!ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "InputSlot", IPP_TAG_ZERO) &&
        !ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "HPPaperSource", IPP_TAG_ZERO))
    {
      if ((ppd = _ppdCacheGetInputSlot(pc, job->attrs, NULL)) != NULL)
        num_pwgppds = cupsAddOption(pc->source_option, ppd, num_pwgppds,
                                    &pwgppds);
    }
    if (!ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "MediaType", IPP_TAG_ZERO) &&
        (ppd = _ppdCacheGetMediaType(pc, job->attrs, NULL)) != NULL)
    {
      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "Mapping media to MediaType=%s", ppd);

      num_pwgppds = cupsAddOption("MediaType", ppd, num_pwgppds, &pwgppds);
    }

    if (!ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "PageRegion", IPP_TAG_ZERO) &&
        !ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "PageSize", IPP_TAG_ZERO) &&
        (ppd = _ppdCacheGetPageSize(pc, job->attrs, NULL, &exact)) != NULL)
    {
      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "Mapping media to Pagesize=%s", ppd);

      num_pwgppds = cupsAddOption("PageSize", ppd, num_pwgppds, &pwgppds);

      if (!ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "media", IPP_TAG_ZERO))
      {
        cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "Adding media=%s", ppd);

        num_pwgppds = cupsAddOption("media", ppd, num_pwgppds, &pwgppds);
      }
    }

    if (!ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "OutputBin", IPP_TAG_ZERO) &&
        (attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "output-bin",
                                 IPP_TAG_ZERO)) != NULL &&
        (attr->value_tag == IPP_TAG_KEYWORD ||
         attr->value_tag == IPP_TAG_NAME) &&
        (ppd = _ppdCacheGetOutputBin(pc, attr->values[0].string.text)) != NULL)
    {
     /*
      * Map output-bin to OutputBin option...
      */

      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "Mapping output-bin to OutputBin=%s", ppd);

      num_pwgppds = cupsAddOption("OutputBin", ppd, num_pwgppds, &pwgppds);
    }

    if (pc->sides_option &&
        !ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, pc->sides_option, IPP_TAG_ZERO) &&
        (attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "sides", IPP_TAG_KEYWORD)) != NULL)
    {
     /*
      * Map sides to duplex option...
      */

      if (!strcmp(attr->values[0].string.text, "one-sided"))
      {
        cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "Mapping sizes to Duplex=%s", pc->sides_1sided);

        num_pwgppds = cupsAddOption(pc->sides_option, pc->sides_1sided, num_pwgppds, &pwgppds);
      }
      else if (!strcmp(attr->values[0].string.text, "two-sided-long-edge"))
      {
        cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "Mapping sizes to Duplex=%s", pc->sides_2sided_long);

        num_pwgppds = cupsAddOption(pc->sides_option, pc->sides_2sided_long, num_pwgppds, &pwgppds);
      }
      else if (!strcmp(attr->values[0].string.text, "two-sided-short-edge"))
      {
        cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "Mapping sizes to Duplex=%s", pc->sides_2sided_short);

        num_pwgppds = cupsAddOption(pc->sides_option, pc->sides_2sided_short, num_pwgppds, &pwgppds);
      }
    }

   /*
    * Map finishings values...
    */

    num_pwgppds = _ppdCacheGetFinishingOptions(pc, job->attrs, IPP_FINISHINGS_NONE, num_pwgppds, &pwgppds);

    for (i = num_pwgppds, pwgppd = pwgppds; i > 0; i --, pwgppd ++)
      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "After mapping finishings %s=%s", pwgppd->name, pwgppd->value);
  }

 /*
  * Map page-delivery values...
  */

  if ((attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "page-delivery", IPP_TAG_KEYWORD)) != NULL && !ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "outputorder", IPP_TAG_ZERO))
  {
    const char *page_delivery = ippGetString(attr, 0, NULL);

    if (!strncmp(page_delivery, "same-order", 10))
      num_pwgppds = cupsAddOption("OutputOrder", "Normal", num_pwgppds, &pwgppds);
    else if (!strncmp(page_delivery, "reverse-order", 13))
      num_pwgppds = cupsAddOption("OutputOrder", "Reverse", num_pwgppds, &pwgppds);
  }

 /*
  * Figure out how much room we need...
  */

  newlength = ipp_length(job->attrs);

  for (i = num_pwgppds, pwgppd = pwgppds; i > 0; i --, pwgppd ++)
    newlength += 1 + strlen(pwgppd->name) + 1 + strlen(pwgppd->value);

 /*
  * Then allocate/reallocate the option buffer as needed...
  */

  if (newlength == 0)                   /* This can never happen, but Clang */
    newlength = 1;                      /* thinks it can... */

  if (newlength > optlength || !options)
  {
    if (!options)
      optptr = malloc(newlength);
    else
      optptr = realloc(options, newlength);

    if (!optptr)
    {
      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_CRIT,
                  "Unable to allocate " CUPS_LLFMT " bytes for option buffer.",
                  CUPS_LLCAST newlength);
      return (NULL);
    }

    options   = optptr;
    optlength = newlength;
  }

 /*
  * Now loop through the attributes and convert them to the textual
  * representation used by the filters...
  */

  optptr  = options;
  *optptr = '\0';

  snprintf(title, title_size, "%s-%d", job->printer->name, job->id);
  strlcpy(copies, "1", copies_size);

  for (attr = job->attrs->attrs; attr != NULL; attr = attr->next)
  {
    if (!strcmp(attr->name, "copies") &&
        attr->value_tag == IPP_TAG_INTEGER)
    {
     /*
      * Don't use the # copies attribute if we are printing the job sheets...
      */

      if (!banner_page)
        snprintf(copies, copies_size, "%d", attr->values[0].integer);
    }
    else if (!strcmp(attr->name, "job-name") &&
             (attr->value_tag == IPP_TAG_NAME ||
              attr->value_tag == IPP_TAG_NAMELANG))
      strlcpy(title, attr->values[0].string.text, title_size);
    else if (attr->group_tag == IPP_TAG_JOB)
    {
     /*
      * Filter out other unwanted attributes...
      */

      if (attr->value_tag == IPP_TAG_NOVALUE ||
          attr->value_tag == IPP_TAG_MIMETYPE ||
          attr->value_tag == IPP_TAG_NAMELANG ||
          attr->value_tag == IPP_TAG_TEXTLANG ||
          (attr->value_tag == IPP_TAG_URI && strcmp(attr->name, "job-uuid") &&
           strcmp(attr->name, "job-authorization-uri")) ||
          attr->value_tag == IPP_TAG_URISCHEME ||
          attr->value_tag == IPP_TAG_BEGIN_COLLECTION) /* Not yet supported */
        continue;

      if (!strcmp(attr->name, "job-hold-until") ||
          !strcmp(attr->name, "job-id") ||
          !strcmp(attr->name, "job-k-octets") ||
          !strcmp(attr->name, "job-media-sheets") ||
          !strcmp(attr->name, "job-media-sheets-completed") ||
          !strcmp(attr->name, "job-state") ||
          !strcmp(attr->name, "job-state-reasons"))
        continue;

      if (!strncmp(attr->name, "job-", 4) &&
          strcmp(attr->name, "job-account-id") &&
          strcmp(attr->name, "job-accounting-user-id") &&
          strcmp(attr->name, "job-authorization-uri") &&
          strcmp(attr->name, "job-billing") &&
          strcmp(attr->name, "job-impressions") &&
          strcmp(attr->name, "job-originating-host-name") &&
          strcmp(attr->name, "job-password") &&
          strcmp(attr->name, "job-password-encryption") &&
          strcmp(attr->name, "job-uuid") &&
          !(job->printer->type & CUPS_PRINTER_REMOTE))
        continue;

      if ((!strcmp(attr->name, "job-impressions") ||
           !strcmp(attr->name, "page-label") ||
           !strcmp(attr->name, "page-border") ||
           !strncmp(attr->name, "number-up", 9) ||
           !strcmp(attr->name, "page-ranges") ||
           !strcmp(attr->name, "page-set") ||
           !_cups_strcasecmp(attr->name, "AP_FIRSTPAGE_InputSlot") ||
           !_cups_strcasecmp(attr->name, "AP_FIRSTPAGE_ManualFeed") ||
           !_cups_strcasecmp(attr->name, "com.apple.print.PrintSettings."
                                   "PMTotalSidesImaged..n.") ||
           !_cups_strcasecmp(attr->name, "com.apple.print.PrintSettings."
                                   "PMTotalBeginPages..n.")) &&
          banner_page)
        continue;

     /*
      * Otherwise add them to the list...
      */

      if (optptr > options)
        strlcat(optptr, " ", optlength - (size_t)(optptr - options));

      if (attr->value_tag != IPP_TAG_BOOLEAN)
      {
        strlcat(optptr, attr->name, optlength - (size_t)(optptr - options));
        strlcat(optptr, "=", optlength - (size_t)(optptr - options));
      }

      for (i = 0; i < attr->num_values; i ++)
      {
        if (i)
          strlcat(optptr, ",", optlength - (size_t)(optptr - options));

        optptr += strlen(optptr);

        switch (attr->value_tag)
        {
          case IPP_TAG_INTEGER :
          case IPP_TAG_ENUM :
              snprintf(optptr, optlength - (size_t)(optptr - options),
                       "%d", attr->values[i].integer);
              break;

          case IPP_TAG_BOOLEAN :
              if (!attr->values[i].boolean)
                strlcat(optptr, "no", optlength - (size_t)(optptr - options));

              strlcat(optptr, attr->name, optlength - (size_t)(optptr - options));
              break;

          case IPP_TAG_RANGE :
              if (attr->values[i].range.lower == attr->values[i].range.upper)
                snprintf(optptr, optlength - (size_t)(optptr - options) - 1,
                         "%d", attr->values[i].range.lower);
              else
                snprintf(optptr, optlength - (size_t)(optptr - options) - 1,
                         "%d-%d", attr->values[i].range.lower,
                         attr->values[i].range.upper);
              break;

          case IPP_TAG_RESOLUTION :
              snprintf(optptr, optlength - (size_t)(optptr - options) - 1,
                       "%dx%d%s", attr->values[i].resolution.xres,
                       attr->values[i].resolution.yres,
                       attr->values[i].resolution.units == IPP_RES_PER_INCH ?
                           "dpi" : "dpcm");
              break;

          case IPP_TAG_STRING :
          case IPP_TAG_TEXT :
          case IPP_TAG_NAME :
          case IPP_TAG_KEYWORD :
          case IPP_TAG_CHARSET :
          case IPP_TAG_LANGUAGE :
          case IPP_TAG_URI :
              for (valptr = attr->values[i].string.text; *valptr;)
              {
                if (strchr(" \t\n\\\'\"", *valptr))
                  *optptr++ = '\\';
                *optptr++ = *valptr++;
              }

              *optptr = '\0';
              break;

          default :
              break; /* anti-compiler-warning-code */
        }
      }

      optptr += strlen(optptr);
    }
  }

 /*
  * Finally loop through the PWG->PPD mapped options and add them...
  */

  for (i = num_pwgppds, pwgppd = pwgppds; i > 0; i --, pwgppd ++)
  {
    *optptr++ = ' ';
    strlcpy(optptr, pwgppd->name, optlength - (size_t)(optptr - options));
    optptr += strlen(optptr);
    *optptr++ = '=';
    strlcpy(optptr, pwgppd->value, optlength - (size_t)(optptr - options));
    optptr += strlen(optptr);
  }

  cupsFreeOptions(num_pwgppds, pwgppds);

 /*
  * Return the options string...
  */

  return (options);
}


/*
 * 'ipp_length()' - Compute the size of the buffer needed to hold
 *                  the textual IPP attributes.
 */

static size_t                           /* O - Size of attribute buffer */
ipp_length(ipp_t *ipp)                  /* I - IPP request */
{
  size_t                bytes;          /* Number of bytes */
  int                   i;              /* Looping var */
  ipp_attribute_t       *attr;          /* Current attribute */


 /*
  * Loop through all attributes...
  */

  bytes = 0;

  for (attr = ipp->attrs; attr != NULL; attr = attr->next)
  {
   /*
    * Skip attributes that won't be sent to filters...
    */

    if (attr->value_tag == IPP_TAG_NOVALUE ||
        attr->value_tag == IPP_TAG_MIMETYPE ||
        attr->value_tag == IPP_TAG_NAMELANG ||
        attr->value_tag == IPP_TAG_TEXTLANG ||
        attr->value_tag == IPP_TAG_URI ||
        attr->value_tag == IPP_TAG_URISCHEME)
      continue;

   /*
    * Add space for a leading space and commas between each value.
    * For the first attribute, the leading space isn't used, so the
    * extra byte can be used as the nul terminator...
    */

    bytes ++;                           /* " " separator */
    bytes += (size_t)attr->num_values;  /* "," separators */

   /*
    * Boolean attributes appear as "foo,nofoo,foo,nofoo", while
    * other attributes appear as "foo=value1,value2,...,valueN".
    */

    if (attr->value_tag != IPP_TAG_BOOLEAN)
      bytes += strlen(attr->name);
    else
      bytes += (size_t)attr->num_values * strlen(attr->name);

   /*
    * Now add the size required for each value in the attribute...
    */

    switch (attr->value_tag)
    {
      case IPP_TAG_INTEGER :
      case IPP_TAG_ENUM :
         /*
          * Minimum value of a signed integer is -2147483647, or 11 digits.
          */

          bytes += (size_t)attr->num_values * 11;
          break;

      case IPP_TAG_BOOLEAN :
         /*
          * Add two bytes for each false ("no") value...
          */

          for (i = 0; i < attr->num_values; i ++)
            if (!attr->values[i].boolean)
              bytes += 2;
          break;

      case IPP_TAG_RANGE :
         /*
          * A range is two signed integers separated by a hyphen, or
          * 23 characters max.
          */

          bytes += (size_t)attr->num_values * 23;
          break;

      case IPP_TAG_RESOLUTION :
         /*
          * A resolution is two signed integers separated by an "x" and
          * suffixed by the units, or 26 characters max.
          */

          bytes += (size_t)attr->num_values * 26;
          break;

      case IPP_TAG_STRING :
      case IPP_TAG_TEXT :
      case IPP_TAG_NAME :
      case IPP_TAG_KEYWORD :
      case IPP_TAG_CHARSET :
      case IPP_TAG_LANGUAGE :
      case IPP_TAG_URI :
         /*
          * Strings can contain characters that need quoting.  We need
          * at least 2 * len + 2 characters to cover the quotes and
          * any backslashes in the string.
          */

          for (i = 0; i < attr->num_values; i ++)
            bytes += 2 * strlen(attr->values[i].string.text) + 2;
          break;

       default :
          break; /* anti-compiler-warning-code */
    }
  }

  return (bytes);
}


/*
 * 'load_job_cache()' - Load jobs from the job.cache file.
 */

static void
load_job_cache(const char *filename)    /* I - job.cache filename */
{
  cups_file_t   *fp;                    /* job.cache file */
  char          line[1024],             /* Line buffer */
                *value;                 /* Value on line */
  int           linenum;                /* Line number in file */
  cupsd_job_t   *job;                   /* Current job */
  int           jobid;                  /* Job ID */
  char          jobfile[1024];          /* Job filename */


 /*
  * Open the job.cache file...
  */

  if ((fp = cupsdOpenConfFile(filename)) == NULL)
  {
    load_request_root();
    return;
  }

 /*
  * Read entries from the job cache file and create jobs as needed.
  */

  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_INFO, "Loading job cache file \"%s\"...",
                  filename);

  linenum = 0;
  job     = NULL;

  while (cupsFileGetConf(fp, line, sizeof(line), &value, &linenum))
  {
    if (!_cups_strcasecmp(line, "NextJobId"))
    {
      if (value)
        NextJobId = atoi(value);
    }
    else if (!_cups_strcasecmp(line, "<Job"))
    {
      if (job)
      {
        cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Missing </Job> directive on line %d of %s.", linenum, filename);
        continue;
      }

      if (!value)
      {
        cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Missing job ID on line %d of %s.", linenum, filename);
        continue;
      }

      jobid = atoi(value);

      if (jobid < 1)
      {
        cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Bad job ID %d on line %d of %s.", jobid, linenum, filename);
        continue;
      }

      snprintf(jobfile, sizeof(jobfile), "%s/c%05d", RequestRoot, jobid);
      if (access(jobfile, 0))
      {
        snprintf(jobfile, sizeof(jobfile), "%s/c%05d.N", RequestRoot, jobid);
        if (access(jobfile, 0))
        {
          cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "[Job %d] Files have gone away.",
                          jobid);

         /*
          * job.cache file is out-of-date compared to spool directory; load
          * that instead...
          */

          cupsFileClose(fp);
          load_request_root();
          return;
        }
      }

      job = calloc(1, sizeof(cupsd_job_t));
      if (!job)
      {
        cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_EMERG,
                        "[Job %d] Unable to allocate memory for job.", jobid);
        break;
      }

      job->id              = jobid;
      job->back_pipes[0]   = -1;
      job->back_pipes[1]   = -1;
      job->print_pipes[0]  = -1;
      job->print_pipes[1]  = -1;
      job->side_pipes[0]   = -1;
      job->side_pipes[1]   = -1;
      job->status_pipes[0] = -1;
      job->status_pipes[1] = -1;

      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Loading from cache...");
    }
    else if (!job)
    {
      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR,
                      "Missing <Job #> directive on line %d of %s.", linenum, filename);
      continue;
    }
    else if (!_cups_strcasecmp(line, "</Job>"))
    {
      cupsArrayAdd(Jobs, job);

      if (job->state_value <= IPP_JOB_STOPPED && cupsdLoadJob(job))
        cupsArrayAdd(ActiveJobs, job);
      else if (job->state_value > IPP_JOB_STOPPED)
      {
        if (!job->completed_time || !job->creation_time || !job->name || !job->koctets)
        {
          cupsdLoadJob(job);
          unload_job(job);
        }
      }

      job = NULL;
    }
    else if (!value)
    {
      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Missing value on line %d of %s.", linenum, filename);
      continue;
    }
    else if (!_cups_strcasecmp(line, "State"))
    {
      job->state_value = (ipp_jstate_t)atoi(value);

      if (job->state_value < IPP_JOB_PENDING)
        job->state_value = IPP_JOB_PENDING;
      else if (job->state_value > IPP_JOB_COMPLETED)
        job->state_value = IPP_JOB_COMPLETED;
    }
    else if (!_cups_strcasecmp(line, "Name"))
    {
      cupsdSetString(&(job->name), value);
    }
    else if (!_cups_strcasecmp(line, "Created"))
    {
      job->creation_time = strtol(value, NULL, 10);
    }
    else if (!_cups_strcasecmp(line, "Completed"))
    {
      job->completed_time = strtol(value, NULL, 10);
    }
    else if (!_cups_strcasecmp(line, "HoldUntil"))
    {
      job->hold_until = strtol(value, NULL, 10);
    }
    else if (!_cups_strcasecmp(line, "Priority"))
    {
      job->priority = atoi(value);
    }
    else if (!_cups_strcasecmp(line, "Username"))
    {
      cupsdSetString(&job->username, value);
    }
    else if (!_cups_strcasecmp(line, "Destination"))
    {
      cupsdSetString(&job->dest, value);
    }
    else if (!_cups_strcasecmp(line, "DestType"))
    {
      job->dtype = (cups_ptype_t)atoi(value);
    }
    else if (!_cups_strcasecmp(line, "KOctets"))
    {
      job->koctets = atoi(value);
    }
    else if (!_cups_strcasecmp(line, "NumFiles"))
    {
      job->num_files = atoi(value);

      if (job->num_files < 0)
      {
        cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Bad NumFiles value %d on line %d of %s.", job->num_files, linenum, filename);
        job->num_files = 0;
        continue;
      }

      if (job->num_files > 0)
      {
        snprintf(jobfile, sizeof(jobfile), "%s/d%05d-001", RequestRoot,
                 job->id);
        if (access(jobfile, 0))
        {
          cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_INFO, "Data files have gone away.");
          job->num_files = 0;
          continue;
        }

        job->filetypes    = calloc((size_t)job->num_files, sizeof(mime_type_t *));
        job->compressions = calloc((size_t)job->num_files, sizeof(int));

        if (!job->filetypes || !job->compressions)
        {
          cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_EMERG,
                      "Unable to allocate memory for %d files.",
                      job->num_files);
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    else if (!_cups_strcasecmp(line, "File"))
    {
      int       number,                 /* File number */
                compression;            /* Compression value */
      char      super[MIME_MAX_SUPER],  /* MIME super type */
                type[MIME_MAX_TYPE];    /* MIME type */


      if (sscanf(value, "%d%*[ \t]%15[^/]/%255s%d", &number, super, type,
                 &compression) != 4)
      {
        cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Bad File on line %d of %s.", linenum, filename);
        continue;
      }

      if (number < 1 || number > job->num_files)
      {
        cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Bad File number %d on line %d of %s.", number, linenum, filename);
        continue;
      }

      number --;

      job->compressions[number] = compression;
      job->filetypes[number]    = mimeType(MimeDatabase, super, type);

      if (!job->filetypes[number])
      {
       /*
        * If the original MIME type is unknown, auto-type it!
        */

        cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR,
                    "Unknown MIME type %s/%s for file %d.",
                    super, type, number + 1);

        snprintf(jobfile, sizeof(jobfile), "%s/d%05d-%03d", RequestRoot,
                 job->id, number + 1);
        job->filetypes[number] = mimeFileType(MimeDatabase, jobfile, NULL,
                                              job->compressions + number);

       /*
        * If that didn't work, assume it is raw...
        */

        if (!job->filetypes[number])
          job->filetypes[number] = mimeType(MimeDatabase, "application",
                                            "vnd.cups-raw");
      }
    }
    else
      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Unknown %s directive on line %d of %s.", line, linenum, filename);
  }

  if (job)
  {
    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR,
                    "Missing </Job> directive on line %d of %s.", linenum, filename);
    cupsdDeleteJob(job, CUPSD_JOB_PURGE);
  }

  cupsFileClose(fp);
}


/*
 * 'load_next_job_id()' - Load the NextJobId value from the job.cache file.
 */

static void
load_next_job_id(const char *filename)  /* I - job.cache filename */
{
  cups_file_t   *fp;                    /* job.cache file */
  char          line[1024],             /* Line buffer */
                *value;                 /* Value on line */
  int           linenum;                /* Line number in file */
  int           next_job_id;            /* NextJobId value from line */


 /*
  * Read the NextJobId directive from the job.cache file and use
  * the value (if any).
  */

  if ((fp = cupsFileOpen(filename, "r")) == NULL)
  {
    if (errno != ENOENT)
      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR,
                      "Unable to open job cache file \"%s\": %s",
                      filename, strerror(errno));

    return;
  }

  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_INFO,
                  "Loading NextJobId from job cache file \"%s\"...", filename);

  linenum = 0;

  while (cupsFileGetConf(fp, line, sizeof(line), &value, &linenum))
  {
    if (!_cups_strcasecmp(line, "NextJobId"))
    {
      if (value)
      {
        next_job_id = atoi(value);

        if (next_job_id > NextJobId)
          NextJobId = next_job_id;
      }
      break;
    }
  }

  cupsFileClose(fp);
}


/*
 * 'load_request_root()' - Load jobs from the RequestRoot directory.
 */

static void
load_request_root(void)
{
  cups_dir_t            *dir;           /* Directory */
  cups_dentry_t         *dent;          /* Directory entry */
  cupsd_job_t           *job;           /* New job */


 /*
  * Open the requests directory...
  */

  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Scanning %s for jobs...", RequestRoot);

  if ((dir = cupsDirOpen(RequestRoot)) == NULL)
  {
    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR,
                    "Unable to open spool directory \"%s\": %s",
                    RequestRoot, strerror(errno));
    return;
  }

 /*
  * Read all the c##### files...
  */

  while ((dent = cupsDirRead(dir)) != NULL)
    if (strlen(dent->filename) >= 6 && dent->filename[0] == 'c')
    {
     /*
      * Allocate memory for the job...
      */

      if ((job = calloc(sizeof(cupsd_job_t), 1)) == NULL)
      {
        cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Ran out of memory for jobs.");
        cupsDirClose(dir);
        return;
      }

     /*
      * Assign the job ID...
      */

      job->id              = atoi(dent->filename + 1);
      job->back_pipes[0]   = -1;
      job->back_pipes[1]   = -1;
      job->print_pipes[0]  = -1;
      job->print_pipes[1]  = -1;
      job->side_pipes[0]   = -1;
      job->side_pipes[1]   = -1;
      job->status_pipes[0] = -1;
      job->status_pipes[1] = -1;

      if (job->id >= NextJobId)
        NextJobId = job->id + 1;

     /*
      * Load the job...
      */

      if (cupsdLoadJob(job))
      {
       /*
        * Insert the job into the array, sorting by job priority and ID...
        */

        cupsArrayAdd(Jobs, job);

        if (job->state_value <= IPP_JOB_STOPPED)
          cupsArrayAdd(ActiveJobs, job);
        else
          unload_job(job);
      }
      else
        free(job);
    }

  cupsDirClose(dir);
}


/*
 * 'remove_job_files()' - Remove the document files for a job.
 */

static void
remove_job_files(cupsd_job_t *job)      /* I - Job */
{
  int   i;                              /* Looping var */
  char  filename[1024];                 /* Document filename */


  if (job->num_files <= 0)
    return;

  for (i = 1; i <= job->num_files; i ++)
  {
    snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/d%05d-%03d", RequestRoot,
             job->id, i);
    cupsdUnlinkOrRemoveFile(filename);
  }

  free(job->filetypes);
  free(job->compressions);

  job->file_time    = 0;
  job->num_files    = 0;
  job->filetypes    = NULL;
  job->compressions = NULL;

  LastEvent |= CUPSD_EVENT_PRINTER_STATE_CHANGED;
}


/*
 * 'remove_job_history()' - Remove the control file for a job.
 */

static void
remove_job_history(cupsd_job_t *job)    /* I - Job */
{
  char  filename[1024];                 /* Control filename */


 /*
  * Remove the job info file...
  */

  snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/c%05d", RequestRoot,
           job->id);
  cupsdUnlinkOrRemoveFile(filename);

  LastEvent |= CUPSD_EVENT_PRINTER_STATE_CHANGED;
}


/*
 * 'set_time()' - Set one of the "time-at-xyz" attributes.
 */

static void
set_time(cupsd_job_t *job,              /* I - Job to update */
         const char  *name)             /* I - Name of attribute */
{
  char                  date_name[128]; /* date-time-at-xxx */
  ipp_attribute_t       *attr;          /* Time attribute */
  time_t                curtime;        /* Current time */


  curtime = time(NULL);

  cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "%s=%ld", name, (long)curtime);

  if ((attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, name, IPP_TAG_ZERO)) != NULL)
  {
    attr->value_tag         = IPP_TAG_INTEGER;
    attr->values[0].integer = curtime;
  }

  snprintf(date_name, sizeof(date_name), "date-%s", name);

  if ((attr = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, date_name, IPP_TAG_ZERO)) != NULL)
  {
    attr->value_tag = IPP_TAG_DATE;
    ippSetDate(job->attrs, &attr, 0, ippTimeToDate(curtime));
  }

  if (!strcmp(name, "time-at-completed"))
  {
    job->completed_time = curtime;

    if (JobHistory < INT_MAX && attr)
      job->history_time = attr->values[0].integer + JobHistory;
    else
      job->history_time = INT_MAX;

    if (job->history_time < JobHistoryUpdate || !JobHistoryUpdate)
      JobHistoryUpdate = job->history_time;

    if (JobFiles < INT_MAX && attr)
      job->file_time = curtime + JobFiles;
    else
      job->file_time = INT_MAX;

    if (job->file_time < JobHistoryUpdate || !JobHistoryUpdate)
      JobHistoryUpdate = job->file_time;

    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "set_time: JobHistoryUpdate=%ld",
                    (long)JobHistoryUpdate);
  }
}


/*
 * 'start_job()' - Start a print job.
 */

static void
start_job(cupsd_job_t     *job,         /* I - Job ID */
          cupsd_printer_t *printer)     /* I - Printer to print job */
{
  const char    *filename;              /* Support filename */
  ipp_attribute_t *cancel_after = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs,
                                                   "job-cancel-after",
                                                   IPP_TAG_INTEGER);
                                        /* job-cancel-after attribute */


  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "start_job(job=%p(%d), printer=%p(%s))",
                  job, job->id, printer, printer->name);

 /*
  * Make sure we have some files around before we try to print...
  */

  if (job->num_files == 0)
  {
    ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0, "aborted-by-system");
    cupsdSetJobState(job, IPP_JOB_ABORTED, CUPSD_JOB_DEFAULT,
                     "Aborting job because it has no files.");
    return;
  }

 /*
  * Update the printer and job state to "processing"...
  */

  if (!cupsdLoadJob(job))
    return;

  if (!job->printer_message)
    job->printer_message = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs,
                                            "job-printer-state-message",
                                            IPP_TAG_TEXT);
  if (job->printer_message)
    ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->printer_message, 0, "");

  ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0, "job-printing");
  cupsdSetJobState(job, IPP_JOB_PROCESSING, CUPSD_JOB_DEFAULT, NULL);
  cupsdSetPrinterState(printer, IPP_PRINTER_PROCESSING, 0);
  cupsdSetPrinterReasons(printer, "-cups-remote-pending,"
                                  "cups-remote-pending-held,"
                                  "cups-remote-processing,"
                                  "cups-remote-stopped,"
                                  "cups-remote-canceled,"
                                  "cups-remote-aborted,"
                                  "cups-remote-completed");

  job->cost         = 0;
  job->current_file = 0;
  job->file_time    = 0;
  job->history_time = 0;
  job->progress     = 0;
  job->printer      = printer;
  printer->job      = job;

  if (cancel_after)
    job->cancel_time = time(NULL) + ippGetInteger(cancel_after, 0);
  else if (MaxJobTime > 0)
    job->cancel_time = time(NULL) + MaxJobTime;
  else
    job->cancel_time = 0;

 /*
  * Check for support files...
  */

  cupsdSetPrinterReasons(job->printer, "-cups-missing-filter-warning,"
                                       "cups-insecure-filter-warning");

  if (printer->pc)
  {
    for (filename = (const char *)cupsArrayFirst(printer->pc->support_files);
         filename;
         filename = (const char *)cupsArrayNext(printer->pc->support_files))
    {
      if (_cupsFileCheck(filename, _CUPS_FILE_CHECK_FILE, !RunUser,
                         cupsdLogFCMessage, printer))
        break;
    }
  }

 /*
  * Setup the last exit status and security profiles...
  */

  job->status   = 0;
  job->profile  = cupsdCreateProfile(job->id, 0);
  job->bprofile = cupsdCreateProfile(job->id, 1);

#ifdef HAVE_SANDBOX_H
  if ((!job->profile || !job->bprofile) && UseSandboxing && Sandboxing != CUPSD_SANDBOXING_OFF)
  {
   /*
    * Failure to create the sandbox profile means something really bad has
    * happened and we need to shutdown immediately.
    */

    return;
  }
#endif /* HAVE_SANDBOX_H */

 /*
  * Create the status pipes and buffer...
  */

  if (cupsdOpenPipe(job->status_pipes))
  {
    cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG,
                "Unable to create job status pipes - %s.", strerror(errno));

    cupsdSetJobState(job, IPP_JOB_STOPPED, CUPSD_JOB_DEFAULT,
                     "Job stopped because the scheduler could not create the "
                     "job status pipes.");

    cupsdDestroyProfile(job->profile);
    job->profile = NULL;
    cupsdDestroyProfile(job->bprofile);
    job->bprofile = NULL;
    return;
  }

  job->status_buffer = cupsdStatBufNew(job->status_pipes[0], NULL);
  job->status_level  = CUPSD_LOG_INFO;

 /*
  * Create the backchannel pipes and make them non-blocking...
  */

  if (cupsdOpenPipe(job->back_pipes))
  {
    cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG,
                "Unable to create back-channel pipes - %s.", strerror(errno));

    cupsdSetJobState(job, IPP_JOB_STOPPED, CUPSD_JOB_DEFAULT,
                     "Job stopped because the scheduler could not create the "
                     "back-channel pipes.");

    cupsdClosePipe(job->status_pipes);
    cupsdStatBufDelete(job->status_buffer);
    job->status_buffer = NULL;

    cupsdDestroyProfile(job->profile);
    job->profile = NULL;
    cupsdDestroyProfile(job->bprofile);
    job->bprofile = NULL;
    return;
  }

  fcntl(job->back_pipes[0], F_SETFL,
        fcntl(job->back_pipes[0], F_GETFL) | O_NONBLOCK);
  fcntl(job->back_pipes[1], F_SETFL,
        fcntl(job->back_pipes[1], F_GETFL) | O_NONBLOCK);

 /*
  * Create the side-channel pipes and make them non-blocking...
  */

  if (socketpair(AF_LOCAL, SOCK_STREAM, 0, job->side_pipes))
  {
    cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG,
                "Unable to create side-channel pipes - %s.", strerror(errno));

    cupsdSetJobState(job, IPP_JOB_STOPPED, CUPSD_JOB_DEFAULT,
                     "Job stopped because the scheduler could not create the "
                     "side-channel pipes.");

    cupsdClosePipe(job->back_pipes);

    cupsdClosePipe(job->status_pipes);
    cupsdStatBufDelete(job->status_buffer);
    job->status_buffer = NULL;

    cupsdDestroyProfile(job->profile);
    job->profile = NULL;
    cupsdDestroyProfile(job->bprofile);
    job->bprofile = NULL;
    return;
  }

  fcntl(job->side_pipes[0], F_SETFL,
        fcntl(job->side_pipes[0], F_GETFL) | O_NONBLOCK);
  fcntl(job->side_pipes[1], F_SETFL,
        fcntl(job->side_pipes[1], F_GETFL) | O_NONBLOCK);

  fcntl(job->side_pipes[0], F_SETFD,
        fcntl(job->side_pipes[0], F_GETFD) | FD_CLOEXEC);
  fcntl(job->side_pipes[1], F_SETFD,
        fcntl(job->side_pipes[1], F_GETFD) | FD_CLOEXEC);

 /*
  * Now start the first file in the job...
  */

  cupsdContinueJob(job);
}


/*
 * 'stop_job()' - Stop a print job.
 */

static void
stop_job(cupsd_job_t       *job,        /* I - Job */
         cupsd_jobaction_t action)      /* I - Action */
{
  int   i;                              /* Looping var */


  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "stop_job(job=%p(%d), action=%d)", job,
                  job->id, action);

  FilterLevel -= job->cost;
  job->cost   = 0;

  if (action == CUPSD_JOB_DEFAULT && !job->kill_time && job->backend > 0)
    job->kill_time = time(NULL) + JobKillDelay;
  else if (action >= CUPSD_JOB_FORCE)
    job->kill_time = 0;

  for (i = 0; job->filters[i]; i ++)
    if (job->filters[i] > 0)
    {
      cupsdEndProcess(job->filters[i], action >= CUPSD_JOB_FORCE);

      if (action >= CUPSD_JOB_FORCE)
        job->filters[i] = -job->filters[i];
    }

  if (job->backend > 0)
  {
    cupsdEndProcess(job->backend, action >= CUPSD_JOB_FORCE);

    if (action >= CUPSD_JOB_FORCE)
      job->backend = -job->backend;
  }

  if (action >= CUPSD_JOB_FORCE)
  {
   /*
    * Clear job status...
    */

    job->status = 0;
  }
}


/*
 * 'unload_job()' - Unload a job from memory.
 */

static void
unload_job(cupsd_job_t *job)            /* I - Job */
{
  if (!job->attrs)
    return;

  cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Unloading...");

  ippDelete(job->attrs);

  job->attrs           = NULL;
  job->state           = NULL;
  job->reasons         = NULL;
  job->impressions     = NULL;
  job->sheets          = NULL;
  job->job_sheets      = NULL;
  job->printer_message = NULL;
  job->printer_reasons = NULL;
}


/*
 * 'update_job()' - Read a status update from a job's filters.
 */

void
update_job(cupsd_job_t *job)            /* I - Job to check */
{
  int           i;                      /* Looping var */
  char          message[CUPSD_SB_BUFFER_SIZE],
                                        /* Message text */
                *ptr;                   /* Pointer update... */
  int           loglevel,               /* Log level for message */
                event = 0;              /* Events? */
  cupsd_printer_t *printer = job->printer;
                                        /* Printer */
  static const char * const levels[] =  /* Log levels */
                {
                  "NONE",
                  "EMERG",
                  "ALERT",
                  "CRIT",
                  "ERROR",
                  "WARN",
                  "NOTICE",
                  "INFO",
                  "DEBUG",
                  "DEBUG2"
                };


 /*
  * Get the printer associated with this job; if the printer is stopped for
  * any reason then job->printer will be reset to NULL, so make sure we have
  * a valid pointer...
  */

  while ((ptr = cupsdStatBufUpdate(job->status_buffer, &loglevel,
                                   message, sizeof(message))) != NULL)
  {
   /*
    * Process page and printer state messages as needed...
    */

    if (loglevel == CUPSD_LOG_PAGE)
    {
      int       impressions = ippGetInteger(job->impressions, 0);
                                /* Number of impressions printed */
      int       delta;          /* Number of impressions added */

     /*
      * Page message; send the message to the page_log file and update the
      * job sheet count...
      */

      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "PAGE: %s", message);

      if (!_cups_strncasecmp(message, "total ", 6))
      {
       /*
        * Got a total count of pages from a backend or filter...
        */

        int total = atoi(message + 6);  /* Total impressions */

        if (total > impressions)
        {
          delta       = total - impressions;
          impressions = total;
        }
        else
          delta = 0;
      }
      else
      {
       /*
        * Add the number of copies to the impression count...
        */

        int copies;                     /* Number of copies */

        if (!sscanf(message, "%*d%d", &copies) || copies <= 0)
          copies = 1;

        delta = copies;
        impressions += copies;
      }

      if (job->impressions)
        ippSetInteger(job->attrs, &job->impressions, 0, impressions);

      if (job->sheets)
      {
        const char *sides = ippGetString(ippFindAttribute(job->attrs, "sides", IPP_TAG_KEYWORD), 0, NULL);

        if (sides && strcmp(sides, "one-sided"))
          ippSetInteger(job->attrs, &job->sheets, 0, impressions / 2);
        else
          ippSetInteger(job->attrs, &job->sheets, 0, impressions);

        cupsdAddEvent(CUPSD_EVENT_JOB_PROGRESS, job->printer, job, "Printed %d page(s).", ippGetInteger(job->sheets, 0));
      }

      job->dirty = 1;
      cupsdMarkDirty(CUPSD_DIRTY_JOBS);

      if (job->printer->page_limit)
        cupsdUpdateQuota(job->printer, job->username, delta, 0);
    }
    else if (loglevel == CUPSD_LOG_JOBSTATE)
    {
     /*
      * Support "keyword" to set job-state-reasons to the specified keyword.
      * This is sufficient for the current paid printing stuff.
      */

      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "JOBSTATE: %s", message);

      if (!strcmp(message, "cups-retry-as-raster"))
        job->retry_as_raster = 1;
      else
        ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->reasons, 0, message);
    }
    else if (loglevel == CUPSD_LOG_STATE)
    {
      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "STATE: %s", message);

      if (!strcmp(message, "paused"))
      {
        cupsdStopPrinter(job->printer, 1);
        return;
      }
      else if (message[0] && cupsdSetPrinterReasons(job->printer, message))
      {
        event |= CUPSD_EVENT_PRINTER_STATE;

        if (MaxJobTime > 0)
        {
         /*
          * Reset cancel time after connecting to the device...
          */

          for (i = 0; i < job->printer->num_reasons; i ++)
            if (!strcmp(job->printer->reasons[i], "connecting-to-device"))
              break;

          if (i >= job->printer->num_reasons)
          {
            ipp_attribute_t *cancel_after = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs,
                                                             "job-cancel-after",
                                                             IPP_TAG_INTEGER);
                                        /* job-cancel-after attribute */

            if (cancel_after)
              job->cancel_time = time(NULL) + ippGetInteger(cancel_after, 0);
            else
              job->cancel_time = time(NULL) + MaxJobTime;
          }
        }
      }

      update_job_attrs(job, 0);
    }
    else if (loglevel == CUPSD_LOG_ATTR)
    {
     /*
      * Set attribute(s)...
      */

      int               num_attrs;      /* Number of attributes */
      cups_option_t     *attrs;         /* Attributes */
      const char        *attr;          /* Attribute */

      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "ATTR: %s", message);

      num_attrs = cupsParseOptions(message, 0, &attrs);

      if ((attr = cupsGetOption("auth-info-default", num_attrs,
                                attrs)) != NULL)
      {
        job->printer->num_options = cupsAddOption("auth-info", attr,
                                                  job->printer->num_options,
                                                  &(job->printer->options));
        cupsdSetPrinterAttrs(job->printer);

        cupsdMarkDirty(CUPSD_DIRTY_PRINTERS);
      }

      if ((attr = cupsGetOption("auth-info-required", num_attrs,
                                attrs)) != NULL)
      {
        cupsdSetAuthInfoRequired(job->printer, attr, NULL);
        cupsdSetPrinterAttrs(job->printer);

        cupsdMarkDirty(CUPSD_DIRTY_PRINTERS);
      }

      if ((attr = cupsGetOption("job-media-progress", num_attrs,
                                attrs)) != NULL)
      {
        int progress = atoi(attr);


        if (progress >= 0 && progress <= 100)
        {
          job->progress = progress;

          if (job->sheets)
            cupsdAddEvent(CUPSD_EVENT_JOB_PROGRESS, job->printer, job,
                          "Printing page %d, %d%%",
                          job->sheets->values[0].integer, job->progress);
        }
      }

      if ((attr = cupsGetOption("printer-alert", num_attrs, attrs)) != NULL)
      {
        cupsdSetString(&job->printer->alert, attr);
        event |= CUPSD_EVENT_PRINTER_STATE;
      }

      if ((attr = cupsGetOption("printer-alert-description", num_attrs,
                                attrs)) != NULL)
      {
        cupsdSetString(&job->printer->alert_description, attr);
        event |= CUPSD_EVENT_PRINTER_STATE;
      }

      if ((attr = cupsGetOption("marker-colors", num_attrs, attrs)) != NULL)
      {
        cupsdSetPrinterAttr(job->printer, "marker-colors", (char *)attr);
        job->printer->marker_time = time(NULL);
        event |= CUPSD_EVENT_PRINTER_STATE;
        cupsdMarkDirty(CUPSD_DIRTY_PRINTERS);
      }

      if ((attr = cupsGetOption("marker-levels", num_attrs, attrs)) != NULL)
      {
        cupsdSetPrinterAttr(job->printer, "marker-levels", (char *)attr);
        job->printer->marker_time = time(NULL);
        event |= CUPSD_EVENT_PRINTER_STATE;
        cupsdMarkDirty(CUPSD_DIRTY_PRINTERS);
      }

      if ((attr = cupsGetOption("marker-low-levels", num_attrs, attrs)) != NULL)
      {
        cupsdSetPrinterAttr(job->printer, "marker-low-levels", (char *)attr);
        job->printer->marker_time = time(NULL);
        event |= CUPSD_EVENT_PRINTER_STATE;
        cupsdMarkDirty(CUPSD_DIRTY_PRINTERS);
      }

      if ((attr = cupsGetOption("marker-high-levels", num_attrs, attrs)) != NULL)
      {
        cupsdSetPrinterAttr(job->printer, "marker-high-levels", (char *)attr);
        job->printer->marker_time = time(NULL);
        event |= CUPSD_EVENT_PRINTER_STATE;
        cupsdMarkDirty(CUPSD_DIRTY_PRINTERS);
      }

      if ((attr = cupsGetOption("marker-message", num_attrs, attrs)) != NULL)
      {
        cupsdSetPrinterAttr(job->printer, "marker-message", (char *)attr);
        job->printer->marker_time = time(NULL);
        event |= CUPSD_EVENT_PRINTER_STATE;
        cupsdMarkDirty(CUPSD_DIRTY_PRINTERS);
      }

      if ((attr = cupsGetOption("marker-names", num_attrs, attrs)) != NULL)
      {
        cupsdSetPrinterAttr(job->printer, "marker-names", (char *)attr);
        job->printer->marker_time = time(NULL);
        event |= CUPSD_EVENT_PRINTER_STATE;
        cupsdMarkDirty(CUPSD_DIRTY_PRINTERS);
      }

      if ((attr = cupsGetOption("marker-types", num_attrs, attrs)) != NULL)
      {
        cupsdSetPrinterAttr(job->printer, "marker-types", (char *)attr);
        job->printer->marker_time = time(NULL);
        event |= CUPSD_EVENT_PRINTER_STATE;
        cupsdMarkDirty(CUPSD_DIRTY_PRINTERS);
      }

      cupsFreeOptions(num_attrs, attrs);
    }
    else if (loglevel == CUPSD_LOG_PPD)
    {
     /*
      * Set attribute(s)...
      */

      cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "PPD: %s", message);

      job->num_keywords = cupsParseOptions(message, job->num_keywords,
                                           &job->keywords);
    }
    else
    {
     /*
      * Strip legacy message prefix...
      */

      if (!strncmp(message, "recoverable:", 12))
      {
        ptr = message + 12;
        while (isspace(*ptr & 255))
          ptr ++;
      }
      else if (!strncmp(message, "recovered:", 10))
      {
        ptr = message + 10;
        while (isspace(*ptr & 255))
          ptr ++;
      }
      else
        ptr = message;

      if (*ptr)
        cupsdLogJob(job, loglevel == CUPSD_LOG_INFO ? CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG : loglevel, "%s", ptr);

      if (loglevel < CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG &&
          strcmp(job->printer->state_message, ptr))
      {
        strlcpy(job->printer->state_message, ptr,
                sizeof(job->printer->state_message));

        event |= CUPSD_EVENT_PRINTER_STATE | CUPSD_EVENT_JOB_PROGRESS;

        if (loglevel <= job->status_level && job->status_level > CUPSD_LOG_ERROR)
        {
         /*
          * Some messages show in the job-printer-state-message attribute...
          */

          if (loglevel != CUPSD_LOG_NOTICE)
            job->status_level = loglevel;

          update_job_attrs(job, 1);

          cupsdLogJob(job, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG,
                      "Set job-printer-state-message to \"%s\", "
                      "current level=%s",
                      job->printer_message->values[0].string.text,
                      levels[job->status_level]);
        }
      }
    }

    if (!strchr(job->status_buffer->buffer, '\n'))
      break;
  }

  if (event & CUPSD_EVENT_JOB_PROGRESS)
    cupsdAddEvent(CUPSD_EVENT_JOB_PROGRESS, job->printer, job,
                  "%s", job->printer->state_message);
  if (event & CUPSD_EVENT_PRINTER_STATE)
    cupsdAddEvent(CUPSD_EVENT_PRINTER_STATE, job->printer, NULL,
                  (job->printer->type & CUPS_PRINTER_CLASS) ?
                      "Class \"%s\" state changed." :
                      "Printer \"%s\" state changed.",
                  job->printer->name);


  if (ptr == NULL && !job->status_buffer->bufused)
  {
   /*
    * See if all of the filters and the backend have returned their
    * exit statuses.
    */

    for (i = 0; job->filters[i] < 0; i ++);

    if (job->filters[i])
    {
     /*
      * EOF but we haven't collected the exit status of all filters...
      */

      cupsdCheckProcess();
      return;
    }

    if (job->current_file >= job->num_files && job->backend > 0)
    {
     /*
      * EOF but we haven't collected the exit status of the backend...
      */

      cupsdCheckProcess();
      return;
    }

   /*
    * Handle the end of job stuff...
    */

    finalize_job(job, 1);

   /*
    * Try printing another job...
    */

    if (printer->state != IPP_PRINTER_STOPPED)
      cupsdCheckJobs();
  }
}


/*
 * 'update_job_attrs()' - Update the job-printer-* attributes.
 */

void
update_job_attrs(cupsd_job_t *job,      /* I - Job to update */
                 int         do_message)/* I - 1 = copy job-printer-state message */
{
  int                   i;              /* Looping var */
  int                   num_reasons;    /* Actual number of reasons */
  const char * const    *reasons;       /* Reasons */
  static const char     *none = "none"; /* "none" reason */


 /*
  * Get/create the job-printer-state-* attributes...
  */

  if (!job->printer_message)
  {
    if ((job->printer_message = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs,
                                                 "job-printer-state-message",
                                                 IPP_TAG_TEXT)) == NULL)
      job->printer_message = ippAddString(job->attrs, IPP_TAG_JOB, IPP_TAG_TEXT,
                                          "job-printer-state-message",
                                          NULL, "");
  }

  if (!job->printer_reasons)
    job->printer_reasons = ippFindAttribute(job->attrs,
                                            "job-printer-state-reasons",
                                            IPP_TAG_KEYWORD);

 /*
  * Copy or clear the printer-state-message value as needed...
  */

  if (job->state_value != IPP_JOB_PROCESSING &&
      job->status_level == CUPSD_LOG_INFO)
  {
    ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->printer_message, 0, "");

    job->dirty = 1;
    cupsdMarkDirty(CUPSD_DIRTY_JOBS);
  }
  else if (job->printer->state_message[0] && do_message)
  {
    ippSetString(job->attrs, &job->printer_message, 0, job->printer->state_message);

    job->dirty = 1;
    cupsdMarkDirty(CUPSD_DIRTY_JOBS);
  }

 /*
  * ... and the printer-state-reasons value...
  */

  if (job->printer->num_reasons == 0)
  {
    num_reasons = 1;
    reasons     = &none;
  }
  else
  {
    num_reasons = job->printer->num_reasons;
    reasons     = (const char * const *)job->printer->reasons;
  }

  if (!job->printer_reasons || job->printer_reasons->num_values != num_reasons)
  {
   /*
    * Replace/create a job-printer-state-reasons attribute...
    */

    ippDeleteAttribute(job->attrs, job->printer_reasons);

    job->printer_reasons = ippAddStrings(job->attrs,
                                         IPP_TAG_JOB, IPP_TAG_KEYWORD,
                                         "job-printer-state-reasons",
                                         num_reasons, NULL, NULL);
  }
  else
  {
   /*
    * Don't bother clearing the reason strings if they are the same...
    */

    for (i = 0; i < num_reasons; i ++)
      if (strcmp(job->printer_reasons->values[i].string.text, reasons[i]))
        break;

    if (i >= num_reasons)
      return;

   /*
    * Not the same, so free the current strings...
    */

    for (i = 0; i < num_reasons; i ++)
      _cupsStrFree(job->printer_reasons->values[i].string.text);
  }

 /*
  * Copy the reasons...
  */

  for (i = 0; i < num_reasons; i ++)
    job->printer_reasons->values[i].string.text = _cupsStrAlloc(reasons[i]);

  job->dirty = 1;
  cupsdMarkDirty(CUPSD_DIRTY_JOBS);
}