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3185942a JA |
1 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-4.0 since |
2 | the release of bash-3.2. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
3 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
4 | ||
5 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
6 | ||
7 | a. When using substring expansion on the positional parameters, a starting | |
8 | index of 0 now causes $0 to be prefixed to the list. | |
9 | ||
10 | b. The `help' builtin now prints its columns with entries sorted vertically | |
11 | rather than horizontally. | |
12 | ||
13 | c. There is a new variable, $BASHPID, which always returns the process id of | |
14 | the current shell. | |
15 | ||
16 | d. There is a new `autocd' option that, when enabled, causes bash to attempt | |
17 | to `cd' to a directory name that is supplied as the first word of a | |
18 | simple command. | |
19 | ||
20 | e. There is a new `checkjobs' option that causes the shell to check for and | |
21 | report any running or stopped jobs at exit. | |
22 | ||
23 | f. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_TYPE variable, set to | |
24 | a character describing the type of completion being attempted. | |
25 | ||
26 | g. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_KEY variable, set to | |
27 | the character that caused the completion to be invoked (e.g., TAB). | |
28 | ||
29 | h. If creation of a child process fails due to insufficient resources, bash | |
30 | will try again several times before reporting failure. | |
31 | ||
32 | i. The programmable completion code now uses the same set of characters as | |
33 | readline when breaking the command line into a list of words. | |
34 | ||
35 | j. The block multiplier for the ulimit -c and -f options is now 512 when in | |
36 | Posix mode, as Posix specifies. | |
37 | ||
38 | k. Changed the behavior of the read builtin to save any partial input received | |
39 | in the specified variable when the read builtin times out. This also | |
40 | results in variables specified as arguments to read to be set to the empty | |
41 | string when there is no input available. When the read builtin times out, | |
42 | it returns an exit status greater than 128. | |
43 | ||
44 | l. The shell now has the notion of a `compatibility level', controlled by | |
45 | new variables settable by `shopt'. Setting this variable currently | |
46 | restores the bash-3.1 behavior when processing quoted strings on the rhs | |
47 | of the `=~' operator to the `[[' command. | |
48 | ||
49 | m. The `ulimit' builtin now has new -b (socket buffer size) and -T (number | |
50 | of threads) options. | |
51 | ||
52 | n. The -p option to `declare' now displays all variable values and attributes | |
53 | (or function values and attributes if used with -f). | |
54 | ||
55 | o. There is a new `compopt' builtin that allows completion functions to modify | |
56 | completion options for existing completions or the completion currently | |
57 | being executed. | |
58 | ||
59 | p. The `read' builtin has a new -i option which inserts text into the reply | |
60 | buffer when using readline. | |
61 | ||
62 | q. A new `-E' option to the complete builtin allows control of the default | |
63 | behavior for completion on an empty line. | |
64 | ||
65 | r. There is now limited support for completing command name words containing | |
66 | globbing characters. | |
67 | ||
68 | s. Changed format of internal help documentation for all builtins to roughly | |
69 | follow man page format. | |
70 | ||
71 | t. The `help' builtin now has a new -d option, to display a short description, | |
72 | and a -m option, to print help information in a man page-like format. | |
73 | ||
74 | u. There is a new `mapfile' builtin to populate an array with lines from a | |
75 | given file. | |
76 | ||
77 | v. If a command is not found, the shell attempts to execute a shell function | |
78 | named `command_not_found_handle', supplying the command words as the | |
79 | function arguments. | |
80 | ||
81 | w. There is a new shell option: `globstar'. When enabled, the globbing code | |
82 | treats `**' specially -- it matches all directories (and files within | |
83 | them, when appropriate) recursively. | |
84 | ||
85 | x. There is a new shell option: `dirspell'. When enabled, the filename | |
86 | completion code performs spelling correction on directory names during | |
87 | completion. | |
88 | ||
89 | y. The `-t' option to the `read' builtin now supports fractional timeout | |
90 | values. | |
91 | ||
92 | z. Brace expansion now allows zero-padding of expanded numeric values and | |
93 | will add the proper number of zeroes to make sure all values contain the | |
94 | same number of digits. | |
95 | ||
96 | aa. There is a new bash-specific bindable readline function: `dabbrev-expand'. | |
97 | It uses menu completion on a set of words taken from the history list. | |
98 | ||
99 | bb. The command assigned to a key sequence with `bind -x' now sets two new | |
100 | variables in the environment of the executed command: READLINE_LINE_BUFFER | |
101 | and READLINE_POINT. The command can change the current readline line | |
102 | and cursor position by modifying READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT, | |
103 | respectively. | |
104 | ||
105 | cc. There is a new >>& redirection operator, which appends the standard output | |
106 | and standard error to the named file. | |
107 | ||
108 | dd. The parser now understands `|&' as a synonym for `2>&1 |', which redirects | |
109 | the standard error for a command through a pipe. | |
110 | ||
111 | ee. The new `;&' case statement action list terminator causes execution to | |
112 | continue with the action associated with the next pattern in the | |
113 | statement rather than terminating the command. | |
114 | ||
115 | ff. The new `;;&' case statement action list terminator causes the shell to | |
116 | test the next set of patterns after completing execution of the current | |
117 | action, rather than terminating the command. | |
118 | ||
119 | gg. The shell understands a new variable: PROMPT_DIRTRIM. When set to an | |
120 | integer value greater than zero, prompt expansion of \w and \W will | |
121 | retain only that number of trailing pathname components and replace | |
122 | the intervening characters with `...'. | |
123 | ||
124 | hh. There are new case-modifying word expansions: uppercase (^[^]) and | |
125 | lowercase (,[,]). They can work on either the first character or | |
126 | array element, or globally. They accept an optional shell pattern | |
127 | that determines which characters to modify. There is an optionally- | |
128 | configured feature to include capitalization operators. | |
129 | ||
130 | ii. The shell provides associative array variables, with the appropriate | |
131 | support to create, delete, assign values to, and expand them. | |
132 | ||
133 | jj. The `declare' builtin now has new -l (convert value to lowercase upon | |
134 | assignment) and -u (convert value to uppercase upon assignment) options. | |
135 | There is an optionally-configurable -c option to capitalize a value at | |
136 | assignment. | |
137 | ||
138 | kk. There is a new `coproc' reserved word that specifies a coprocess: an | |
139 | asynchronous command run with two pipes connected to the creating shell. | |
140 | Coprocs can be named. The input and output file descriptors and the | |
141 | PID of the coprocess are available to the calling shell in variables | |
142 | with coproc-specific names. | |
143 | ||
144 | ll. A value of 0 for the -t option to `read' now returns success if there is | |
145 | input available to be read from the specified file descriptor. | |
146 | ||
147 | mm. CDPATH and GLOBIGNORE are ignored when the shell is running in privileged | |
148 | mode. | |
149 | ||
150 | nn. New bindable readline functions shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word, | |
151 | which move forward and backward words delimited by shell metacharacters | |
152 | and honor shell quoting. | |
153 | ||
154 | oo. New bindable readline functions shell-backward-kill-word and shell-kill-word | |
155 | which kill words backward and forward, but use the same word boundaries | |
156 | as shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word. | |
157 | ||
158 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
159 | ||
160 | a. A new variable, rl_sort_completion_matches; allows applications to inhibit | |
161 | match list sorting (but beware: some things don't work right if | |
162 | applications do this). | |
163 | ||
164 | b. A new variable, rl_completion_invoking_key; allows applications to discover | |
165 | the key that invoked rl_complete or rl_menu_complete. | |
166 | ||
167 | c. The functions rl_block_sigint and rl_release_sigint are now public and | |
168 | available to calling applications who want to protect critical sections | |
169 | (like redisplay). | |
170 | ||
171 | d. The functions rl_save_state and rl_restore_state are now public and | |
172 | available to calling applications; documented rest of readline's state | |
173 | flag values. | |
174 | ||
175 | e. A new user-settable variable, `history-size', allows setting the maximum | |
176 | number of entries in the history list. | |
177 | ||
178 | f. There is a new implementation of menu completion, with several improvements | |
179 | over the old; the most notable improvement is a better `completions | |
180 | browsing' mode. | |
181 | ||
182 | g. The menu completion code now uses the rl_menu_completion_entry_function | |
183 | variable, allowing applications to provide their own menu completion | |
184 | generators. | |
185 | ||
186 | h. There is support for replacing a prefix of a pathname with a `...' when | |
187 | displaying possible completions. This is controllable by setting the | |
188 | `completion-prefix-display-length' variable. Matches with a common prefix | |
189 | longer than this value have the common prefix replaced with `...'. | |
190 | ||
191 | i. There is a new `revert-all-at-newline' variable. If enabled, readline will | |
192 | undo all outstanding changes to all history lines when `accept-line' is | |
193 | executed. | |
194 | ||
195 | j. If the kernel supports it, readline displays special characters | |
196 | corresponding to a keyboard-generated signal when the signal is received. | |
197 | ||
198 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
0628567a JA |
199 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-3.2 since |
200 | the release of bash-3.1. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
201 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
202 | ||
203 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
204 | ||
205 | a. Changed the parameter pattern replacement functions to not anchor the | |
206 | pattern at the beginning of the string if doing global replacement - that | |
207 | combination doesn't make any sense. | |
208 | ||
209 | b. When running in `word expansion only' mode (--wordexp option), inhibit | |
210 | process substitution. | |
211 | ||
212 | c. Loadable builtins now work on MacOS X 10.[34]. | |
213 | ||
214 | d. Shells running in posix mode no longer set $HOME, as POSIX requires. | |
215 | ||
216 | e. The code that checks for binary files being executed as shell scripts now | |
217 | checks only for NUL rather than any non-printing character. | |
218 | ||
219 | f. Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's =~ operator now forces | |
220 | string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators. | |
221 | ||
222 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
223 | ||
224 | a. Calling applications can now set the keyboard timeout to 0, allowing | |
225 | poll-like behavior. | |
226 | ||
227 | b. The value of SYS_INPUTRC (configurable at compilation time) is now used as | |
228 | the default last-ditch startup file. | |
229 | ||
230 | c. The history file reading functions now allow windows-like \r\n line | |
231 | terminators. | |
232 | ||
233 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
95732b49 JA |
234 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-3.1 since |
235 | the release of bash-3.0. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
236 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
237 | ||
238 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
239 | ||
240 | a. Bash now understands LC_TIME as a special variable so that time display | |
241 | tracks the current locale. | |
242 | ||
243 | b. BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, BASH_SOURCE, and BASH_LINENO are no longer created | |
244 | as `invisible' variables and may not be unset. | |
245 | ||
246 | c. In POSIX mode, if `xpg_echo' option is enabled, the `echo' builtin doesn't | |
247 | try to interpret any options at all, as POSIX requires. | |
248 | ||
249 | d. The `bg' builtin now accepts multiple arguments, as POSIX seems to specify. | |
250 | ||
251 | e. Fixed vi-mode word completion and glob expansion to perform tilde | |
252 | expansion. | |
253 | ||
254 | f. The `**' mathematic exponentiation operator is now right-associative. | |
255 | ||
256 | g. The `ulimit' builtin has new options: -i (max number of pending signals), | |
257 | -q (max size of POSIX message queues), and -x (max number of file locks). | |
258 | ||
259 | h. A bare `%' once again expands to the current job when used as a job | |
260 | specifier. | |
261 | ||
262 | i. The `+=' assignment operator (append to the value of a string or array) is | |
263 | now supported for assignment statements and arguments to builtin commands | |
264 | that accept assignment statements. | |
265 | ||
266 | j. BASH_COMMAND now preserves its value when a DEBUG trap is executed. | |
267 | ||
268 | k. The `gnu_errfmt' option is enabled automatically if the shell is running | |
269 | in an emacs terminal window. | |
270 | ||
271 | l. New configuration option: --single-help-strings. Causes long help text | |
272 | to be written as a single string; intended to ease translation. | |
273 | ||
274 | m. The COMP_WORDBREAKS variable now causes the list of word break characters | |
275 | to be emptied when the variable is unset. | |
276 | ||
277 | n. An unquoted expansion of $* when $IFS is empty now causes the positional | |
278 | parameters to be concatenated if the expansion doesn't undergo word | |
279 | splitting. | |
280 | ||
281 | o. Bash now inherits $_ from the environment if it appears there at startup. | |
282 | ||
283 | p. New shell option: nocasematch. If non-zero, shell pattern matching ignores | |
284 | case when used by `case' and `[[' commands. | |
285 | ||
286 | q. The `printf' builtin takes a new option: -v var. That causes the output | |
287 | to be placed into var instead of on stdout. | |
288 | ||
289 | r. By default, the shell no longer reports processes dying from SIGPIPE. | |
290 | ||
291 | s. Bash now sets the extern variable `environ' to the export environment it | |
292 | creates, so C library functions that call getenv() (and can't use the | |
293 | shell-provided replacement) get current values of environment variables. | |
294 | ||
295 | t. A new configuration option, `--enable-strict-posix-default', which will | |
296 | build bash to be POSIX conforming by default. | |
297 | ||
298 | u. If compiled for strict POSIX conformance, LINES and COLUMNS may now | |
299 | override the true terminal size. | |
300 | ||
301 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
302 | ||
303 | a. The key sequence sent by the keypad `delete' key is now automatically | |
304 | bound to delete-char. | |
305 | ||
306 | b. A negative argument to menu-complete now cycles backward through the | |
307 | completion list. | |
308 | ||
309 | c. A new bindable readline variable: bind-tty-special-chars. If non-zero, | |
310 | readline will bind the terminal special characters to their readline | |
311 | equivalents when it's called (on by default). | |
312 | ||
313 | d. New bindable command: vi-rubout. Saves deleted text for possible | |
314 | reinsertion, as with any vi-mode `text modification' command; `X' is bound | |
315 | to this in vi command mode. | |
316 | ||
317 | e. A new external application-controllable variable that allows the LINES | |
318 | and COLUMNS environment variables to set the window size regardless of | |
319 | what the kernel returns: rl_prefer_env_winsize | |
320 | ||
321 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
b80f6443 JA |
322 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-3.0 since |
323 | the release of bash-2.05b. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
324 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
325 | ||
326 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
327 | ||
328 | a. ANSI string expansion now implements the \x{hexdigits} escape. | |
329 | ||
330 | b. There is a new loadable `strftime' builtin. | |
331 | ||
332 | c. New variable, COMP_WORDBREAKS, which controls the readline completer's | |
333 | idea of word break characters. | |
334 | ||
335 | d. The `type' builtin no longer reports on aliases unless alias expansion | |
336 | will actually be performed. | |
337 | ||
338 | e. HISTCONTROL is now a colon-separated list of values, which permits | |
339 | more extensibility and backwards compatibility. | |
340 | ||
341 | f. HISTCONTROL may now include the `erasedups' option, which causes all lines | |
342 | matching a line being added to be removed from the history list. | |
343 | ||
344 | g. `configure' has a new `--enable-multibyte' argument that permits multibyte | |
345 | character support to be disabled even on systems that support it. | |
346 | ||
347 | h. New variables to support the bash debugger: BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, | |
348 | BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO, BASH_SUBSHELL, BASH_EXECUTION_STRING, | |
349 | BASH_COMMAND | |
350 | ||
351 | i. FUNCNAME has been changed to support the debugger: it's now an array | |
352 | variable. | |
353 | ||
354 | j. for, case, select, arithmetic commands now keep line number information | |
355 | for the debugger. | |
356 | ||
357 | k. There is a new `RETURN' trap executed when a function or sourced script | |
358 | returns (not inherited child processes; inherited by command substitution | |
359 | if function tracing is enabled and the debugger is active). | |
360 | ||
361 | l. New invocation option: --debugger. Enables debugging and turns on new | |
362 | `extdebug' shell option. | |
363 | ||
364 | m. New `functrace' and `errtrace' options to `set -o' cause DEBUG and ERR | |
365 | traps, respectively, to be inherited by shell functions. Equivalent to | |
366 | `set -T' and `set -E' respectively. The `functrace' option also controls | |
367 | whether or not the DEBUG trap is inherited by sourced scripts. | |
368 | ||
369 | n. The DEBUG trap is run before binding the variable and running the action | |
370 | list in a `for' command, binding the selection variable and running the | |
371 | query in a `select' command, and before attempting a match in a `case' | |
372 | command. | |
373 | ||
374 | o. New `--enable-debugger' option to `configure' to compile in the debugger | |
375 | support code. | |
376 | ||
377 | p. `declare -F' now prints out extra line number and source file information | |
378 | if the `extdebug' option is set. | |
379 | ||
380 | q. If `extdebug' is enabled, a non-zero return value from a DEBUG trap causes | |
381 | the next command to be skipped, and a return value of 2 while in a | |
382 | function or sourced script forces a `return'. | |
383 | ||
384 | r. New `caller' builtin to provide a call stack for the bash debugger. | |
385 | ||
386 | s. The DEBUG trap is run just before the first command in a function body is | |
387 | executed, for the debugger. | |
388 | ||
389 | t. `for', `select', and `case' command heads are printed when `set -x' is | |
390 | enabled. | |
391 | ||
392 | u. There is a new {x..y} brace expansion, which is shorthand for {x.x+1, | |
393 | x+2,...,y}. x and y can be integers or single characters; the sequence | |
394 | may ascend or descend; the increment is always 1. | |
395 | ||
396 | v. New ksh93-like ${!array[@]} expansion, expands to all the keys (indices) | |
397 | of array. | |
398 | ||
399 | w. New `force_fignore' shopt option; if enabled, suffixes specified by | |
400 | FIGNORE cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even | |
401 | if they're the only possibilities. | |
402 | ||
403 | x. New `gnu_errfmt' shopt option; if enabled, error messages follow the `gnu | |
404 | style' (filename:lineno:message) format. | |
405 | ||
406 | y. New `-o bashdefault' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes the | |
407 | whole set of bash completions to be performed if the compspec doesn't | |
408 | result in a match. | |
409 | ||
410 | z. New `-o plusdirs' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes directory | |
411 | name completion to be performed and the results added to the rest of the | |
412 | possible completions. | |
413 | ||
414 | aa. `kill' is available as a builtin even when the shell is built without | |
415 | job control. | |
416 | ||
417 | bb. New HISTTIMEFORMAT variable; value is a format string to pass to | |
418 | strftime(3). If set and not null, the `history' builtin prints out | |
419 | timestamp information according to the specified format when displaying | |
420 | history entries. If set, bash tells the history library to write out | |
421 | timestamp information when the history file is written. | |
422 | ||
423 | cc. The [[ ... ]] command has a new binary `=~' operator that performs | |
424 | extended regular expression (egrep-like) matching. | |
425 | ||
426 | dd. `configure' has a new `--enable-cond-regexp' option (enabled by default) | |
427 | to enable the =~ operator and regexp matching in [[ ... ]]. | |
428 | ||
429 | ee. Subexpressions matched by the =~ operator are placed in the new | |
430 | BASH_REMATCH array variable. | |
431 | ||
432 | ff. New `failglob' option that causes an expansion error when pathname | |
433 | expansion fails to produce a match. | |
434 | ||
435 | gg. New `set -o pipefail' option that causes a pipeline to return a failure | |
436 | status if any of the processes in the pipeline fail, not just the last | |
437 | one. | |
438 | ||
439 | hh. printf builtin understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?. | |
440 | ||
441 | ii. `echo -e' understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?. | |
442 | ||
443 | jj. The GNU `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated; the shell's | |
444 | messages can be translated into different languages. | |
445 | ||
446 | kk. The `\W' prompt expansion now abbreviates $HOME as `~', like `\w'. | |
447 | ||
448 | ll. The error message printed when bash cannot open a shell script supplied | |
449 | as argument 1 now includes the name of the shell, to better identify | |
450 | the error as coming from bash. | |
451 | ||
452 | mm. The parameter pattern removal and substitution expansions are now much | |
453 | faster and more efficient when using multibyte characters. | |
454 | ||
455 | nn. The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation | |
456 | even if job control is not enabled. | |
457 | ||
458 | oo. The historical behavior of `trap' that allows a missing `action' argument | |
459 | to cause each specified signal's handling to be reset to its default is | |
460 | now only supported when `trap' is given a single non-option argument. | |
461 | ||
462 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
463 | ||
464 | a. History expansion has a new `a' modifier equivalent to the `g' modifier | |
465 | for compatibility with the BSD csh. | |
466 | ||
467 | b. History expansion has a new `G' modifier equivalent to the BSD csh `g' | |
468 | modifier, which performs a substitution once per word. | |
469 | ||
470 | c. All non-incremental search operations may now undo the operation of | |
471 | replacing the current line with the history line. | |
472 | ||
473 | d. The text inserted by an `a' command in vi mode can be reinserted with | |
474 | `.'. | |
475 | ||
476 | e. New bindable variable, `show-all-if-unmodified'. If set, the readline | |
477 | completer will list possible completions immediately if there is more | |
478 | than one completion and partial completion cannot be performed. | |
479 | ||
480 | f. There is a new application-callable `free_history_entry()' function. | |
481 | ||
482 | g. History list entries now contain timestamp information; the history file | |
483 | functions know how to read and write timestamp information associated | |
484 | with each entry. | |
485 | ||
486 | h. Four new key binding functions have been added: | |
487 | ||
488 | rl_bind_key_if_unbound() | |
489 | rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map() | |
490 | rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound() | |
491 | rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map() | |
492 | ||
493 | i. New application variable, rl_completion_quote_character, set to any | |
494 | quote character readline finds before it calls the application completion | |
495 | function. | |
496 | ||
497 | j. New application variable, rl_completion_suppress_quote, settable by an | |
498 | application completion function. If set to non-zero, readline does not | |
499 | attempt to append a closing quote to a completed word. | |
500 | ||
501 | k. New application variable, rl_completion_found_quote, set to a non-zero | |
502 | value if readline determines that the word to be completed is quoted. | |
503 | Set before readline calls any application completion function. | |
504 | ||
505 | l. New function hook, rl_completion_word_break_hook, called when readline | |
506 | needs to break a line into words when completion is attempted. Allows | |
507 | the word break characters to vary based on position in the line. | |
508 | ||
509 | m. New bindable command: unix-filename-rubout. Does the same thing as | |
510 | unix-word-rubout, but adds `/' to the set of word delimiters. | |
511 | ||
512 | n. When listing completions, directories have a `/' appended if the | |
513 | `mark-directories' option has been enabled. | |
514 | ||
515 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
7117c2d2 JA |
516 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.05b since |
517 | the release of bash-2.05a. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
518 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
519 | ||
520 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
521 | ||
522 | a. If set, TMOUT is the default timeout for the `read' builtin. | |
523 | ||
524 | b. `type' has two new options: `-f' suppresses shell function lookup, and | |
525 | `-P' forces a $PATH search. | |
526 | ||
527 | c. New code to handle multibyte characters. | |
528 | ||
529 | d. `select' was changed to be more ksh-compatible, in that the menu is | |
530 | reprinted each time through the loop only if REPLY is set to NULL. | |
531 | The previous behavior is available as a compile-time option. | |
532 | ||
533 | e. `complete -d' and `complete -o dirnames' now force a slash to be | |
534 | appended to names which are symlinks to directories. | |
535 | ||
536 | f. There is now a bindable edit-and-execute-command readline command, | |
537 | like the vi-mode `v' command, bound to C-xC-e in emacs mode. | |
538 | ||
539 | g. Added support for ksh93-like [:word:] character class in pattern matching. | |
540 | ||
541 | h. The $'...' quoting construct now expands \cX to Control-X. | |
542 | ||
543 | i. A new \D{...} prompt expansion; passes the `...' to strftime and inserts | |
544 | the result into the expanded prompt. | |
545 | ||
546 | j. The shell now performs arithmetic in the largest integer size the | |
547 | machine supports (intmax_t), instead of long. | |
548 | ||
549 | k. If a numeric argument is supplied to one of the bash globbing completion | |
550 | functions, a `*' is appended to the word before expansion is attempted. | |
551 | ||
552 | l. The bash globbing completion functions now allow completions to be listed | |
553 | with double tabs or if `show-all-if-ambiguous' is set. | |
554 | ||
555 | m. New `-o nospace' option for `complete' and `compgen' builtins; suppresses | |
556 | readline's appending a space to the completed word. | |
557 | ||
558 | n. New `here-string' redirection operator: <<< word. | |
559 | ||
560 | o. When displaying variables, function attributes and definitions are shown | |
561 | separately, allowing them to be re-used as input (attempting to re-use | |
562 | the old output would result in syntax errors). | |
563 | ||
564 | p. There is a new configuration option `--enable-mem-scramble', controls | |
565 | bash malloc behavior of writing garbage characters into memory at | |
566 | allocation and free time. | |
567 | ||
568 | q. The `complete' and `compgen' builtins now have a new `-s/-A service' | |
569 | option to complete on names from /etc/services. | |
570 | ||
571 | r. `read' has a new `-u fd' option to read from a specified file descriptor. | |
572 | ||
573 | s. Fix the completion code so that expansion errors in a directory name | |
574 | don't cause a longjmp back to the command loop. | |
575 | ||
576 | t. Fixed word completion inside command substitution to work a little more | |
577 | intuitively. | |
578 | ||
579 | u. The `printf' %q format specifier now uses $'...' quoting to print the | |
580 | argument if it contains non-printing characters. | |
581 | ||
582 | v. The `declare' and `typeset' builtins have a new `-t' option. When applied | |
583 | to functions, it causes the DEBUG trap to be inherited by the named | |
584 | function. Currently has no effect on variables. | |
585 | ||
586 | w. The DEBUG trap is now run *before* simple commands, ((...)) commands, | |
587 | [[...]] conditional commands, and for ((...)) loops. | |
588 | ||
589 | x. The expansion of $LINENO inside a shell function is only relative to the | |
590 | function start if the shell is interactive -- if the shell is running a | |
591 | script, $LINENO expands to the line number in the script. This is as | |
592 | POSIX-2001 requires. | |
593 | ||
594 | y. The bash debugger in examples/bashdb has been modified to work with the | |
595 | new DEBUG trap semantics, the command set has been made more gdb-like, | |
596 | and the changes to $LINENO make debugging functions work better. Code | |
597 | from Gary Vaughan. | |
598 | ||
599 | z. New [n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections from ksh93 -- move fds (dup | |
600 | and close). | |
601 | ||
602 | aa. There is a new `-l' invocation option, equivalent to `--login'. | |
603 | ||
604 | bb. The `hash' builtin has a new `-l' option to list contents in a reusable | |
605 | format, and a `-d' option to remove a name from the hash table. | |
606 | ||
607 | cc. There is now support for placing the long help text into separate files | |
608 | installed into ${datadir}/bash. Not enabled by default; can be turned | |
609 | on with `--enable-separate-helpfiles' option to configure. | |
610 | ||
611 | dd. All builtins that take operands accept a `--' pseudo-option, except | |
612 | `echo'. | |
613 | ||
614 | ee. The `echo' builtin now accepts \0xxx (zero to three octal digits following | |
615 | the `0') in addition to \xxx (one to three octal digits) for SUSv3/XPG6/ | |
616 | POSIX.1-2001 compliance. | |
617 | ||
618 | ||
619 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
620 | ||
621 | a. Support for key `subsequences': allows, e.g., ESC and ESC-a to both | |
622 | be bound to readline functions. Now the arrow keys may be used in vi | |
623 | insert mode. | |
624 | ||
625 | b. When listing completions, and the number of lines displayed is more than | |
626 | the screen length, readline uses an internal pager to display the results. | |
627 | This is controlled by the `page-completions' variable (default on). | |
628 | ||
629 | c. New code to handle editing and displaying multibyte characters. | |
630 | ||
631 | d. The behavior introduced in bash-2.05a of deciding whether or not to | |
632 | append a slash to a completed name that is a symlink to a directory has | |
633 | been made optional, controlled by the `mark-symlinked-directories' | |
634 | variable (default is the 2.05a behavior). | |
635 | ||
636 | e. The `insert-comment' command now acts as a toggle if given a numeric | |
637 | argument: if the first characters on the line don't specify a | |
638 | comment, insert one; if they do, delete the comment text | |
639 | ||
640 | f. New application-settable completion variable: | |
641 | rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs, allows an application's completion | |
642 | function to temporarily override the user's preference for appending | |
643 | slashes to names which are symlinks to directories. | |
644 | ||
645 | g. New function available to application completion functions: | |
646 | rl_completion_mode, to tell how the completion function was invoked | |
647 | and decide which argument to supply to rl_complete_internal (to list | |
648 | completions, etc.). | |
649 | ||
650 | h. Readline now has an overwrite mode, toggled by the `overwrite-mode' | |
651 | bindable command, which could be bound to `Insert'. | |
652 | ||
653 | i. New application-settable completion variable: | |
654 | rl_completion_suppress_append, inhibits appending of | |
655 | rl_completion_append_character to completed words. | |
656 | ||
657 | j. New key bindings when reading an incremental search string: ^W yanks | |
658 | the currently-matched word out of the current line into the search | |
659 | string; ^Y yanks the rest of the current line into the search string, | |
660 | DEL or ^H deletes characters from the search string. | |
661 | ||
662 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
f73dda09 JA |
663 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.05a since |
664 | the release of bash-2.05. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
665 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
666 | ||
667 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
668 | ||
669 | a. Added support for DESTDIR installation root prefix, so you can do a | |
670 | `make install DESTDIR=bash-root' and do easier binary packaging. | |
671 | ||
672 | b. Added support for builtin printf "'" flag character as per latest POSIX | |
673 | drafts. | |
674 | ||
675 | c. Support for POSIX.2 printf(1) length specifiers `j', `t', and `z' (from | |
676 | ISO C99). | |
677 | ||
678 | d. New autoconf macro, RL_LIB_READLINE_VERSION, for use by other applications | |
679 | (bash doesn't use very much of what it returns). | |
680 | ||
681 | e. `set [-+]o nolog' is recognized as required by the latest POSIX drafts, | |
682 | but ignored. | |
683 | ||
684 | f. New read-only `shopt' option: login_shell. Set to non-zero value if the | |
685 | shell is a login shell. | |
686 | ||
687 | g. New `\A' prompt string escape sequence; expands to time in 24 HH:MM format. | |
688 | ||
689 | h. New `-A group/-g' option to complete and compgen; does group name | |
690 | completion. | |
691 | ||
692 | i. New `-t' option to `hash' to list hash values for each filename argument. | |
693 | ||
694 | j. New [-+]O invocation option to set and unset `shopt' options at startup. | |
695 | ||
696 | k. configure's `--with-installed-readline' option now takes an optional | |
697 | `=PATH' suffix to set the root of the tree where readline is installed | |
698 | to PATH. | |
699 | ||
700 | l. The ksh-like `ERR' trap has been added. The `ERR' trap will be run | |
701 | whenever the shell would have exited if the -e option were enabled. | |
702 | It is not inherited by shell functions. | |
703 | ||
704 | m. `readonly', `export', and `declare' now print variables which have been | |
705 | given attributes but not set by assigning a value as just a command and | |
706 | a variable name (like `export foo') when listing, as the latest POSIX | |
707 | drafts require. | |
708 | ||
709 | n. `bashbug' now requires that the subject be changed from the default. | |
710 | ||
711 | o. configure has a new `--enable-largefile' option, like other GNU utilities. | |
712 | ||
713 | p. `for' loops now allow empty word lists after `in', like the latest POSIX | |
714 | drafts require. | |
715 | ||
716 | q. The builtin `ulimit' now takes two new non-numeric arguments: `hard', | |
717 | meaning the current hard limit, and `soft', meaning the current soft | |
718 | limit, in addition to `unlimited' | |
719 | ||
720 | r. `ulimit' now prints the option letter associated with a particular | |
721 | resource when printing more than one limit. | |
722 | ||
723 | s. `ulimit' prints `hard' or `soft' when a value is not `unlimited' but is | |
724 | one of RLIM_SAVED_MAX or RLIM_SAVED_CUR, respectively. | |
725 | ||
726 | t. The `printf' builtin now handles the %a and %A conversions if they're | |
727 | implemented by printf(3). | |
728 | ||
729 | u. The `printf' builtin now handles the %F conversion (just about like %f). | |
730 | ||
731 | v. The `printf' builtin now handles the %n conversion like printf(3). The | |
732 | corresponding argument is the name of a shell variable to which the | |
733 | value is assigned. | |
734 | ||
735 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
736 | ||
737 | a. Added extern declaration for rl_get_termcap to readline.h, making it a | |
738 | public function (it was always there, just not in readline.h). | |
739 | ||
740 | b. New #defines in readline.h: RL_READLINE_VERSION, currently 0x0402, | |
741 | RL_VERSION_MAJOR, currently 4, and RL_VERSION_MINOR, currently 2. | |
742 | ||
743 | c. New readline variable: rl_readline_version, mirrors RL_READLINE_VERSION. | |
744 | ||
745 | d. New bindable boolean readline variable: match-hidden-files. Controls | |
746 | completion of files beginning with a `.' (on Unix). Enabled by default. | |
747 | ||
748 | e. The history expansion code now allows any character to terminate a | |
749 | `:first-' modifier, like csh. | |
750 | ||
751 | f. New bindable variable `history-preserve-point'. If set, the history | |
752 | code attempts to place the user at the same location on each history | |
753 | line retrived with previous-history or next-history. | |
754 | ||
755 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
28ef6c31 JA |
756 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.05 since |
757 | the release of bash-2.04. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
758 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
759 | ||
760 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
761 | ||
762 | a. Added a new `--init-file' invocation argument as a synonym for `--rcfile', | |
763 | per the new GNU coding standards. | |
764 | ||
765 | b. The /dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections now accept service names as well as | |
766 | port numbers. | |
767 | ||
768 | c. `complete' and `compgen' now take a `-o value' option, which controls some | |
769 | of the aspects of that compspec. Valid values are: | |
770 | ||
771 | default - perform bash default completion if programmable | |
772 | completion produces no matches | |
773 | dirnames - perform directory name completion if programmable | |
774 | completion produces no matches | |
775 | filenames - tell readline that the compspec produces filenames, | |
776 | so it can do things like append slashes to | |
777 | directory names and suppress trailing spaces | |
778 | ||
779 | d. A new loadable builtin, realpath, which canonicalizes and expands symlinks | |
780 | in pathname arguments. | |
781 | ||
782 | e. When `set' is called without options, it prints function defintions in a | |
783 | way that allows them to be reused as input. This affects `declare' and | |
784 | `declare -p' as well. This only happens when the shell is not in POSIX | |
785 | mode, since POSIX.2 forbids this behavior. | |
786 | ||
787 | f. Bash-2.05 once again honors the current locale setting when processing | |
788 | ranges within pattern matching bracket expressions (e.g., [A-Z]). | |
789 | ||
790 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
791 | ||
792 | a. The blink timeout for paren matching is now settable by applications, | |
793 | via the rl_set_paren_blink_timeout() function. | |
794 | ||
795 | b. _rl_executing_macro has been renamed to rl_executing_macro, which means | |
796 | it's now part of the public interface. | |
797 | ||
798 | c. Readline has a new variable, rl_readline_state, which is a bitmap that | |
799 | encapsulates the current state of the library; intended for use by | |
800 | callbacks and hook functions. | |
801 | ||
802 | d. New application-callable function rl_set_prompt(const char *prompt): | |
803 | expands its prompt string argument and sets rl_prompt to the result. | |
804 | ||
805 | e. New application-callable function rl_set_screen_size(int rows, int cols): | |
806 | public method for applications to set readline's idea of the screen | |
807 | dimensions. | |
808 | ||
809 | f. New function, rl_get_screen_size (int *rows, int *columns), returns | |
810 | readline's idea of the screen dimensions. | |
811 | ||
812 | g. The timeout in rl_gather_tyi (readline keyboard input polling function) | |
813 | is now settable via a function (rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout()). | |
814 | ||
815 | h. Renamed the max_input_history variable to history_max_entries; the old | |
816 | variable is maintained for backwards compatibility. | |
817 | ||
818 | i. The list of characters that separate words for the history tokenizer is | |
819 | now settable with a variable: history_word_delimiters. The default | |
820 | value is as before. | |
821 | ||
822 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
bb70624e JA |
823 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.04 since |
824 | the release of bash-2.03. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
825 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
826 | ||
827 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
828 | ||
829 | a. The history builtin has a `-d offset' option to delete the history entry | |
830 | at position `offset'. | |
831 | ||
832 | b. The prompt expansion code has two new escape sequences: \j, the number of | |
833 | active jobs; and \l, the basename of the shell's tty device name. | |
834 | ||
835 | c. The `bind' builtin has a new `-x' option to bind key sequences to shell | |
836 | commands. | |
837 | ||
838 | d. There is a new shell option, no_empty_command_completion, which, when | |
839 | enabled, disables command completion when TAB is typed on an empty line. | |
840 | ||
841 | e. The `help' builtin has a `-s' option to just print a builtin's usage | |
842 | synopsis. | |
843 | ||
844 | f. There are several new arithmetic operators: id++, id-- (variable | |
f73dda09 | 845 | post-increment/decrement), ++id, --id (variable pre-increment/decrement), |
bb70624e JA |
846 | expr1 , expr2 (comma operator). |
847 | ||
848 | g. There is a new ksh-93 style arithmetic for command: | |
849 | for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done | |
850 | ||
851 | h. The `read' builtin has a number of new options: | |
852 | -t timeout only wait timeout seconds for input | |
853 | -n nchars only read nchars from input instead of a full line | |
854 | -d delim read until delim rather than newline | |
855 | -s don't echo input chars as they are read | |
856 | ||
857 | i. The redirection code now handles several filenames specially: | |
858 | /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, and /dev/stderr, whether or | |
859 | not they are present in the file system. | |
860 | ||
861 | j. The redirection code now recognizes pathnames of the form | |
862 | /dev/tcp/host/port and /dev/udp/host/port, and tries to open a socket | |
863 | of the appropriate type to the specified port on the specified host. | |
864 | ||
865 | k. The ksh-93 ${!prefix*} expansion, which expands to the names of all | |
866 | shell variables with prefix PREFIX, has been implemented. | |
867 | ||
868 | l. There is a new dynamic variable, FUNCNAME, which expands to the name of | |
869 | a currently-executing function. Assignments to FUNCNAME have no effect. | |
870 | ||
871 | m. The GROUPS variable is no longer readonly; assignments to it are silently | |
872 | discarded. This means it can be unset. | |
873 | ||
874 | n. A new programmable completion facility, with two new builtin commands: | |
875 | complete and compgen. | |
876 | ||
877 | o. configure has a new option, `--enable-progcomp', to compile in the | |
878 | programmable completion features (enabled by default). | |
879 | ||
880 | p. `shopt' has a new option, `progcomp', to enable and disable programmable | |
881 | completion at runtime. | |
882 | ||
883 | q. Unsetting HOSTFILE now clears the list of hostnames used for completion. | |
884 | ||
885 | r. configure has a new option, `--enable-bash-malloc', replacing the old | |
886 | `--with-gnu-malloc' (which is still present for backwards compatibility). | |
887 | ||
888 | s. There is a new manual page describing rbash, the restricted shell. | |
889 | ||
890 | t. `bashbug' has new `--help' and `--version' options. | |
891 | ||
892 | u. `shopt' has a new `xpg_echo' option, which controls the behavior of | |
893 | `echo' with respect to backslash-escaped characters at runtime. | |
894 | ||
895 | v. If NON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS is defined, all login shells read the | |
896 | startup files, even if they are not interactive. | |
897 | ||
898 | w. The LC_NUMERIC variable is now treated specially, and used to set the | |
899 | LC_NUMERIC locale category for number formatting, e.g., when `printf' | |
900 | displays floating-point numbers. | |
901 | ||
902 | 2. New features in Readline | |
903 | ||
904 | a. Parentheses matching is now always compiled into readline, and enabled | |
905 | or disabled when the value of the `blink-matching-paren' variable is | |
906 | changed. | |
907 | ||
908 | b. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_inputrc as the last-ditch inputrc filename. | |
909 | ||
910 | c. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_history as the default history file. | |
911 | ||
912 | d. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the point at the end of the | |
913 | line when the string to search for is empty, like | |
914 | {reverse,forward}-search-history. | |
915 | ||
916 | e. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the last history line found | |
917 | in the readline buffer if the second or subsequent search fails. | |
918 | ||
919 | f. New function for use by applications: rl_on_new_line_with_prompt, used | |
920 | when an application displays the prompt itself before calling readline(). | |
921 | ||
922 | g. New variable for use by applications: rl_already_prompted. An application | |
923 | that displays the prompt itself before calling readline() must set this to | |
924 | a non-zero value. | |
925 | ||
926 | h. A new variable, rl_gnu_readline_p, always 1. The intent is that an | |
927 | application can verify whether or not it is linked with the `real' | |
928 | readline library or some substitute. | |
929 | ||
930 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
b72432fd JA |
931 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.03 since |
932 | the release of bash-2.02. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
933 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
934 | ||
935 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
936 | ||
937 | a. New `shopt' option, `restricted_shell', indicating whether or not the | |
938 | shell was started in restricted mode, for use in startup files. | |
939 | ||
940 | b. Filename generation is now performed on the words between ( and ) in | |
941 | array assignments (which it probably should have done all along). | |
942 | ||
943 | c. OLDPWD is now auto-exported, as POSIX.2 seems to require. | |
944 | ||
945 | d. ENV and BASH_ENV are read-only variables in a restricted shell. | |
946 | ||
947 | e. A change was made to the startup file code so that any shell begun with | |
948 | the `--login' option, even non-interactive shells, will source the login | |
949 | shell startup files. | |
950 | ||
951 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
952 | ||
953 | a. Many changes to the signal handling: | |
954 | o Readline now catches SIGQUIT and cleans up the tty before returning; | |
955 | o A new variable, rl_catch_signals, is available to application writers | |
956 | to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its own | |
957 | signal handlers for SIGINT, SIGTERM, SIGQUIT, SIGALRM, SIGTSTP, | |
958 | SIGTTIN, and SIGTTOU; | |
959 | o A new variable, rl_catch_sigwinch, is available to application | |
960 | writers to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its | |
961 | own signal handler for SIGWINCH, which will chain to the calling | |
962 | applications's SIGWINCH handler, if one is installed; | |
963 | o There is a new function, rl_free_line_state, for application signal | |
964 | handlers to call to free up the state associated with the current | |
965 | line after receiving a signal; | |
966 | o There is a new function, rl_cleanup_after_signal, to clean up the | |
967 | display and terminal state after receiving a signal; | |
968 | o There is a new function, rl_reset_after_signal, to reinitialize the | |
969 | terminal and display state after an application signal handler | |
970 | returns and readline continues | |
971 | ||
972 | b. There is a new function, rl_resize_terminal, to reset readline's idea of | |
973 | the screen size after a SIGWINCH. | |
974 | ||
975 | c. New public functions: rl_save_prompt and rl_restore_prompt. These were | |
976 | previously private functions with a `_' prefix. | |
977 | ||
978 | d. New function hook: rl_pre_input_hook, called just before readline starts | |
979 | reading input, after initialization. | |
980 | ||
981 | e. New function hook: rl_display_matches_hook, called when readline would | |
982 | display the list of completion matches. The new function | |
983 | rl_display_match_list is what readline uses internally, and is available | |
984 | for use by application functions called via this hook. | |
985 | ||
986 | f. New bindable function, delete-char-or-list, like tcsh. | |
987 | ||
988 | g. A new variable, rl_erase_empty_line, which, if set by an application using | |
989 | readline, will cause readline to erase, prompt and all, lines on which the | |
990 | only thing typed was a newline. | |
991 | ||
992 | h. New bindable variable: `isearch-terminators'. | |
993 | ||
994 | i. New bindable function: `forward-backward-delete-char' (unbound by default). | |
995 | ||
996 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
cce855bc JA |
997 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.02 since |
998 | the release of bash-2.01.1. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
999 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
1000 | ||
1001 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
1002 | ||
1003 | a. A new version of malloc, based on the older GNU malloc, that has many | |
1004 | changes, is more page-based, is more conservative with memory usage, | |
1005 | and does not `orphan' large blocks when they are freed. | |
1006 | ||
1007 | b. A new version of gmalloc, based on the old GLIBC malloc, with many | |
1008 | changes and range checking included by default. | |
1009 | ||
1010 | c. A new implementation of fnmatch(3) that includes full POSIX.2 Basic | |
1011 | Regular Expression matching, including character classes, collating | |
1012 | symbols, equivalence classes, and support for case-insensitive pattern | |
1013 | matching. | |
1014 | ||
1015 | d. ksh-88 egrep-style extended pattern matching ([@+*?!](patlist)) has been | |
1016 | implemented, controlled by a new `shopt' option, `extglob'. | |
1017 | ||
1018 | e. There is a new ksh-like `[[' compound command, which implements | |
1019 | extended `test' functionality. | |
1020 | ||
1021 | f. There is a new `printf' builtin, implemented according to the POSIX.2 | |
1022 | specification. | |
1023 | ||
1024 | g. There is a new feature for command substitution: $(< filename) now expands | |
1025 | to the contents of `filename', with any trailing newlines removed | |
1026 | (equivalent to $(cat filename)). | |
1027 | ||
1028 | h. There are new tilde prefixes which expand to directories from the | |
1029 | directory stack. | |
1030 | ||
1031 | i. There is a new `**' arithmetic operator to do exponentiation. | |
1032 | ||
1033 | j. There are new configuration options to control how bash is linked: | |
1034 | `--enable-profiling', to allow bash to be profiled with gprof, and | |
1035 | `--enable-static-link', to allow bash to be linked statically. | |
1036 | ||
1037 | k. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-cond-command', which | |
1038 | controls whether or not the `[[' command is included. It is on by | |
1039 | default. | |
1040 | ||
1041 | l. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-extended-glob', which | |
1042 | controls whether or not the ksh extended globbing feature is included. | |
1043 | It is enabled by default. | |
1044 | ||
1045 | m. There is a new configuration #define in config.h.top that, when enabled, | |
1046 | will cause all login shells to source /etc/profile and one of the user- | |
1047 | specific login shell startup files, whether or not the shell is | |
1048 | interactive. | |
1049 | ||
1050 | n. There is a new invocation option, `--dump-po-strings', to dump | |
1051 | a shell script's translatable strings ($"...") in GNU `po' format. | |
1052 | ||
1053 | o. There is a new `shopt' option, `nocaseglob', to enable case-insensitive | |
1054 | pattern matching when globbing filenames and using the `case' construct. | |
1055 | ||
1056 | p. There is a new `shopt' option, `huponexit', which, when enabled, causes | |
1057 | the shell to send SIGHUP to all jobs when an interactive login shell | |
1058 | exits. | |
1059 | ||
1060 | q. `bind' has a new `-u' option, which takes a readline function name as an | |
1061 | argument and unbinds all key sequences bound to that function in a | |
1062 | specified keymap. | |
1063 | ||
1064 | r. `disown' now has `-a' and `-r' options, to limit operation to all jobs | |
1065 | and running jobs, respectively. | |
1066 | ||
1067 | s. The `shopt' `-p' option now causes output to be displayed in a reusable | |
1068 | format. | |
1069 | ||
1070 | t. `test' has a new `-N' option, which returns true if the filename argument | |
1071 | has been modified since it was last accessed. | |
1072 | ||
1073 | u. `umask' now has a `-p' option to print output in a reusable format. | |
1074 | ||
1075 | v. A new escape sequence, `\xNNN', has been added to the `echo -e' and $'...' | |
1076 | translation code. It expands to the character whose ascii code is NNN | |
1077 | in hexadecimal. | |
1078 | ||
1079 | w. The prompt string expansion code has a new `\r' escape sequence. | |
1080 | ||
1081 | x. The shell may now be cross-compiled for the CYGWIN32 environment on | |
1082 | a Unix machine. | |
1083 | ||
1084 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
1085 | ||
1086 | a. There is now an option for `iterative' yank-last-arg handline, so a user | |
1087 | can keep entering `M-.', yanking the last argument of successive history | |
1088 | lines. | |
1089 | ||
1090 | b. New variable, `print-completions-horizontally', which causes completion | |
1091 | matches to be displayed across the screen (like `ls -x') rather than up | |
1092 | and down the screen (like `ls'). | |
1093 | ||
1094 | c. New variable, `completion-ignore-case', which causes filename completion | |
1095 | and matching to be performed case-insensitively. | |
1096 | ||
1097 | d. There is a new bindable command, `magic-space', which causes history | |
1098 | expansion to be performed on the current readline buffer and a space to | |
1099 | be inserted into the result. | |
1100 | ||
1101 | e. There is a new bindable command, `menu-complete', which enables tcsh-like | |
1102 | menu completion (successive executions of menu-complete insert a single | |
1103 | completion match, cycling through the list of possible completions). | |
1104 | ||
1105 | f. There is a new bindable command, `paste-from-clipboard', for use on Win32 | |
1106 | systems, to insert the text from the Win32 clipboard into the editing | |
1107 | buffer. | |
1108 | ||
1109 | g. The key sequence translation code now understands printf-style backslash | |
1110 | escape sequences, including \NNN octal escapes. These escape sequences | |
1111 | may be used in key sequence definitions or macro values. | |
1112 | ||
1113 | h. An `$include' inputrc file parser directive has been added. | |
1114 | ||
1115 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
d166f048 JA |
1116 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.01 since |
1117 | the release of bash-2.0. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is the | |
1118 | place to look for complete descriptions. | |
1119 | ||
1120 | 1. New Features in Bash | |
1121 | ||
1122 | a. There is a new builtin array variable: GROUPS, the set of groups to which | |
1123 | the user belongs. This is used by the test suite. | |
1124 | ||
1125 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
1126 | ||
1127 | a. If a key sequence bound to `universal-argument' is read while reading a | |
1128 | numeric argument started with `universal-argument', it terminates the | |
1129 | argument but is otherwise ignored. This provides a way to insert multiple | |
1130 | instances of a digit string, and is how GNU emacs does it. | |
1131 | ||
1132 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
ccc6cda3 JA |
1133 | This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.0 since |
1134 | the release of bash-1.14.7. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is | |
1135 | the place to look for complete descriptions. | |
726f6388 | 1136 | |
ccc6cda3 | 1137 | 1. New Features in Bash |
726f6388 | 1138 | |
ccc6cda3 JA |
1139 | a. There is a new invocation option, -D, that dumps translatable strings |
1140 | in a script. | |
726f6388 | 1141 | |
ccc6cda3 JA |
1142 | b. The `long' invocation options must now be prefixed with `--'. |
1143 | ||
1144 | c. New long invocation options: --dump-strings, --help, --verbose | |
1145 | ||
1146 | d. The `nolineediting' invocation option was renamed to `noediting'. | |
1147 | ||
1148 | e. The `nobraceexpansion' and `quiet' long invocation options were removed. | |
1149 | ||
1150 | f. The `--help' and `--version' long options now work as the GNU coding | |
1151 | standards specify. | |
1152 | ||
1153 | g. If invoked as `sh', bash now enters posix mode after reading the | |
1154 | startup files, and reads and executes commands from the file named | |
1155 | by $ENV if interactive (as POSIX.2 specifies). A login shell invoked | |
1156 | as `sh' reads $ENV after /etc/profile and ~/.profile. | |
1157 | ||
1158 | h. There is a new reserved word, `time', for timing pipelines, builtin | |
1159 | commands, and shell functions. It uses the value of the TIMEFORMAT | |
1160 | variable as a format string describing how to print the timing | |
1161 | statistics. | |
1162 | ||
1163 | i. The $'...' quoting syntax expands ANSI-C escapes in ... and leaves the | |
1164 | result single-quoted. | |
1165 | ||
1166 | j. The $"..." quoting syntax performs locale-specific translation of ... | |
1167 | and leaves the result double-quoted. | |
1168 | ||
1169 | k. LINENO now works correctly in functions. | |
1170 | ||
1171 | l. New variables: DIRSTACK, PIPESTATUS, BASH_VERSINFO, HOSTNAME, SHELLOPTS, | |
1172 | MACHTYPE. The first three are array variables. | |
1173 | ||
1174 | m. The BASH_VERSION and BASH_VERSINFO variables now include the shell's | |
1175 | `release status' (alpha[N], beta[N], release). | |
1176 | ||
1177 | n. Some variables have been removed: MAIL_WARNING, notify, history_control, | |
1178 | command_oriented_history, glob_dot_filenames, allow_null_glob_expansion, | |
1179 | nolinks, hostname_completion_file, noclobber, no_exit_on_failed_exec, and | |
1180 | cdable_vars. Most of them are now implemented with the new `shopt' | |
1181 | builtin; others were already implemented by `set'. | |
1182 | ||
1183 | o. Bash now uses some new variables: LC_ALL, LC_MESSAGES, LC_CTYPE, | |
1184 | LC_COLLATE, LANG, GLOBIGNORE, HISTIGNORE. | |
1185 | ||
1186 | p. The shell now supports integer-indexed arrays of unlimited length, | |
1187 | with a new compound assignment syntax and changes to the appropriate | |
1188 | builtin commands (declare/typeset, read, readonly, etc.). The array | |
1189 | index may be an arithmetic expression. | |
1190 | ||
1191 | q. ${!var}: indirect variable expansion, equivalent to eval \${$var}. | |
1192 | ||
1193 | r. ${paramter:offset[:length]}: variable substring extraction. | |
1194 | ||
1195 | s. ${parameter/pattern[/[/]string]}: variable pattern substitution. | |
1196 | ||
1197 | t. The $[...] arithmetic expansion syntax is no longer supported, in | |
1198 | favor of $((...)). | |
1199 | ||
1200 | u. Aliases can now be expanded in shell scripts with a shell option | |
1201 | (shopt expand_aliases). | |
1202 | ||
1203 | v. History and history expansion can now be used in scripts with | |
1204 | set -o history and set -H. | |
1205 | ||
1206 | w. All builtins now return an exit status of 2 for incorrect usage. | |
1207 | ||
1208 | x. Interactive shells resend SIGHUP to all running or stopped children | |
1209 | if (and only if) they exit due to a SIGHUP. | |
1210 | ||
1211 | y. New prompting expansions: \a, \e, \H, \T, \@, \v, \V. | |
1212 | ||
1213 | z. Variable expansion in prompt strings is now controllable via a shell | |
1214 | option (shopt promptvars). | |
1215 | ||
1216 | aa. Bash now defaults to using command-oriented history. | |
1217 | ||
1218 | bb. The history file ($HISTFILE) is now truncated to $HISTFILESIZE after | |
1219 | being written. | |
1220 | ||
1221 | cc. The POSIX.2 conditional arithmetic evaluation syntax (expr ? expr : expr) | |
1222 | has been implemented. | |
1223 | ||
1224 | dd. Each builtin now accepts `--' to signify the end of the options, except | |
1225 | as documented (echo, etc.). | |
1226 | ||
1227 | ee. All builtins use -p to display values in a re-readable format where | |
1228 | appropriate, except as documented (echo, type, etc.). | |
1229 | ||
1230 | ff. The `alias' builtin has a new -p option. | |
1231 | ||
1232 | gg. Changes to the `bind' builtin: | |
1233 | o has new options: -psPSVr. | |
1234 | o the `-d' option was renamed to `-p' | |
1235 | o the `-v' option now dumps variables; the old `-v' is now `-P' | |
1236 | ||
1237 | hh. The `bye' synonym for `exit' was removed. | |
1238 | ||
1239 | ii. The -L and -P options to `cd' and `pwd' have been documented. | |
1240 | ||
1241 | jj. The `cd' builtin now does spelling correction on the directory name | |
1242 | by default. This is settable with a shell option (shopt cdspell). | |
1243 | ||
1244 | kk. The `declare' builtin has new options: -a, -F, -p. | |
1245 | ||
1246 | ll. The `dirs' builtin has new options: -c, -p, -v. | |
1247 | ||
1248 | mm. The new `disown' builtin removes jobs from the shell's jobs table | |
1249 | or inhibits the resending of SIGHUP when the shell receives a | |
1250 | SIGHUP. | |
1251 | ||
1252 | nn. The `echo' builtin has a new escape character: \e. | |
1253 | ||
1254 | oo. The `enable' builtin can now load new builtins dynamically from shared | |
1255 | objects on systems with the dlopen/dlsym interface. There are a number | |
1256 | of examples in the examples/loadables directory. There are also | |
1257 | new options: -d, -f, -s, -p. | |
1258 | ||
1259 | pp. The `-all' option to `enable' was removed in favor of `-a'. | |
1260 | ||
1261 | qq. The `exec' builtin has new options: -l, -c, -a. | |
1262 | ||
1263 | rr. The `hash' builtin has a new option: -p. | |
1264 | ||
1265 | ss. The `history' builtin has new options: -c, -p, -s. | |
1266 | ||
1267 | tt. The `jobs' builtin has new options: -r, -s. | |
1268 | ||
1269 | uu. The `kill' builtin has new options: -n signum, -l signame. | |
1270 | ||
1271 | vv. The `pushd' and `popd' builtins have a new option: -n. | |
1272 | ||
1273 | ww. The `read' builtin has new options: -p prompt, -e, -a. | |
1274 | ||
1275 | xx. The `readonly' builtin has a new -a option, and the -n option was removed. | |
1276 | ||
1277 | yy. Changes to the `set' builtin: | |
1278 | o new options: -B, -o keyword, -o onecmd, -o history | |
1279 | o options removed: -l, -d, -o nohash | |
1280 | o options changed: +o, -h, -o hashall | |
1281 | o now displays variables in a format that can be re-read as input | |
1282 | ||
1283 | zz. The new `shopt' builtin controls shell optional behavior previously | |
1284 | done by setting and unsetting certain shell variables. | |
1285 | ||
1286 | aaa. The `test' builtin has new operators: -o option, s1 == s2, s1 < s2, | |
1287 | and s1 > s2, where s1 and s2 are strings. | |
1288 | ||
1289 | bbb. There is a new trap, DEBUG, executed after every simple command. | |
1290 | ||
1291 | ccc. The `trap' builtin has a new -p option. | |
1292 | ||
1293 | ddd. The `ulimit' builtin has a new -l option on 4.4BSD-based systems. | |
1294 | ||
1295 | eee. The PS1, PS2, PATH, and IFS variables may now be unset. | |
1296 | ||
1297 | fff. The restricted shell mode has been expanded and is now documented. | |
1298 | ||
1299 | ggg. Security improvements: | |
1300 | o functions are not imported from the environment if running setuid | |
1301 | or with -p | |
1302 | o no startup files are sourced if running setuid or with -p | |
1303 | ||
1304 | hhh. The documentation has been overhauled: the texinfo manual was | |
1305 | expanded, and HTML versions of the man page and texinfo manual | |
1306 | are included. | |
1307 | ||
1308 | iii. Changes to Posix mode: | |
1309 | o Command lookup now finds special builtins before shell functions. | |
1310 | o Failure of a special builtin causes a non-interactive shell to | |
1311 | exit. Failures are defined in the POSIX.2 specification. | |
1312 | o If the `cd' builtin finds a directory to change to using $CDPATH, | |
1313 | the value assigned to PWD when `cd' completes does not contain | |
1314 | any symbolic links. | |
1315 | o A non-interactive shell exits if a variable assignment error | |
1316 | occurs when no command name follows the assignment statements. | |
1317 | o A non-interactive shell exits if the interation variable in a | |
1318 | `for' statement or the selection variable in a `select' statement | |
1319 | is read-only or another variable assignment error occurs. | |
1320 | o The `<>' redirection operator now opens a file for both stdin and | |
1321 | stdout by default, not just when in posix mode. | |
1322 | o Assignment statements preceding special builtins now persist in | |
1323 | the shell's environment when the builtin completes. | |
1324 | ||
1325 | Posix mode is now completely POSIX.2-compliant (modulo bugs). When | |
1326 | invoked as sh, bash should be completely POSIX.2-compliant. | |
1327 | ||
1328 | jjj. The default value of PS1 is now "\s-\v\$ ". | |
1329 | ||
1330 | kkk. The ksh-like ((...)) arithmetic command syntax has been implemented. | |
1331 | This is exactly equivalent to `let "..."'. | |
1332 | ||
1333 | lll. Integer constants have been extended to base 64. | |
1334 | ||
1335 | mmm. The `ulimit' builtin now sets both hard and soft limits and reports the | |
1336 | soft limit by default. | |
1337 | ||
1338 | 2. New Features in Readline | |
1339 | ||
1340 | a. New variables: enable-keypad, input-meta (new name for meta-flag), | |
1341 | mark-directories, visible-stats (now documented), disable-completion, | |
1342 | comment-begin. | |
1343 | ||
1344 | b. New bindable commands: kill-region, copy-region-as-kill, | |
1345 | copy-backward-word, copy-forward-word, set-mark, exchange-point-and-mark, | |
1346 | character-search, character-search-backward, insert-comment, | |
1347 | glob-expand-word, glob-list-expansions, dump-variables, dump-macros. | |
1348 | ||
1349 | c. New emacs keybindings: delete-horizontal-space (M-\), | |
1350 | insert-completions (M-*), possible-completions (M-=). | |
1351 | ||
1352 | d. The history-search-backward and history-search-forward commands were | |
1353 | modified to be the same as previous-line and next-line if point is at | |
1354 | the start of the line. | |
1355 | ||
1356 | e. More file types are available for the visible-stats mode. | |
1357 | ||
1358 | 3. Changes of interest in the Bash implementation | |
1359 | ||
1360 | a. There is a new autoconf-based configuration mechanism. | |
1361 | ||
1362 | b. More things have been moved from Posix mode to standard shell behavior. | |
1363 | ||
1364 | c. The trace output (set -x) now inserts quotes where necessary so it can | |
1365 | be reused as input. | |
1366 | ||
1367 | d. There is a compile-time option for a system-wide interactive shell | |
1368 | startup file (disabled by default). | |
1369 | ||
1370 | e. The YACC grammar is smaller and tighter, and all 66 shift-reduce | |
1371 | conflicts are gone. Several parsing bugs have been fixed. | |
1372 | ||
1373 | f. Builtin option parsing has been regularized (using internal_getopt()), | |
1374 | with the exception of `echo', `type', and `set'. | |
1375 | ||
1376 | g. Builtins now return standard usage messages constructed from the | |
1377 | `short doc' used by the help builtin. | |
1378 | ||
1379 | h. Completion now quotes using backslashes by default, but honors | |
1380 | user-supplied quotes. | |
1381 | ||
1382 | i. The GNU libc malloc is available as a configure-time option. | |
1383 | ||
1384 | j. There are more internationalization features; bash uses gettext if | |
1385 | it is available. The $"..." translation syntax uses the current | |
1386 | locale and gettext. | |
1387 | ||
1388 | k. There is better reporting of job termination when the shell is not | |
1389 | interactive. | |
1390 | ||
1391 | l. The shell is somewhat more efficient: it uses a little less memory and | |
1392 | makes fewer system calls. | |
1393 | ||
1394 | 4. Changes of interest in the Readline implementation | |
1395 | ||
1396 | a. There is now support for readline `callback' functions. | |
1397 | ||
1398 | b. There is now support for user-supplied input, redisplay, and terminal | |
1399 | preparation functions. | |
1400 | ||
1401 | c. Most of the shell-specific code in readline has been generalized or | |
1402 | removed. | |
1403 | ||
1404 | d. Most of the annoying redisplay bugs have been fixed, notably the problems | |
1405 | with incremental search and excessive redrawing when special characters | |
1406 | appear in the prompt string. | |
1407 | ||
1408 | e. There are new library functions and variables available to application | |
1409 | writers, most having to do with completion and quoting. | |
1410 | ||
1411 | f. The NEWLINE character (^J) is now treated as a search terminator by the | |
1412 | incremental search functions. |