doc/help/policies.html

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   8
   9 <H1 CLASS="title">Managing Operation Policies</H1>
  10
  11 <P>Operation policies are the rules used for each IPP operation in CUPS. These rules include things like "user must provide a password", "user must be in the system group", "allow only from the local system", and so forth. Until CUPS 1.2, these rules were largely hardcoded and could only be customized at a very basic level.</P>
  12
  13 <P>CUPS 1.2 and later provides a fine-grained policy layer which allows you to completely redefine the rules for each operation and/or printer. Each policy is named and defines access control rules for each IPP operation. This document describes how to manage policies and their rules.</P>
  14
  15 <H2 CLASS="title"><A NAME="BASICS">The Basics</A></H2>
  16
  17 <P>Operation policies are used for all IPP requests sent to the scheduler and are evaluated <em>after</em> the <A HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#Location"><TT>Location</TT></A> based access control rules. This means that operation policies can only add additional security restrictions to a request, never relax them. Use <TT>Location</TT> based access control rules for server-wide limits and operation policies for limits on individual printers, tasks, or services.</P>
  18
  19 <P>Policies are stored in the <VAR>cupsd.conf</VAR> file in <A HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#Policy"><TT>Policy</TT></A> sections. Each policy has an alphanumeric name that is used to select it. Inside the policy section are one or more <A
  20 HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#LimitIPP"><TT>Limit</TT></A> subsections which list the operations that are affected by the rules inside it. <A HREF="#LISTING01">Listing 1</A> shows the default operation policy, appropriately called "default", that is shipped with CUPS.</P>
  21
  22 <P>The easiest way to add a policy to the <VAR>cupsd.conf</VAR> file is to use the web interface. Click on the <VAR>Administration</VAR> tab and then the <VAR>Edit Configuration File</VAR> button to edit the current <VAR>cupsd.conf</VAR> file. Click on the <VAR>Save Changes</VAR> button to save the changes and restart the scheduler. If you edit the <VAR>cupsd.conf</VAR> file from the console, make sure to <A HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html">restart the cupsd process</A> before trying to use the new policy.</P>
  23
  24 <PRE CLASS="example">
  25 <EM>Listing 1: <A NAME="LISTING01">Default Operation Policy</A></EM>
  26
  27  1    &lt;Policy default>
  28  2      # Job-related operations must be done by the owner or an
  29       administrator...
  30  3      &lt;Limit Send-Document Send-URI Hold-Job Release-Job
  31       Restart-Job Purge-Jobs Set-Job-Attributes
  32       Create-Job-Subscription Renew-Subscription
  33       Cancel-Subscription Get-Notifications Reprocess-Job
  34       Cancel-Current-Job Suspend-Current-Job Resume-Job
  35       CUPS-Move-Job CUPS-Get-Document>
  36  4        Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM
  37  5        Order deny,allow
  38  6      &lt;/Limit>
  39  7
  40  8      # All administration operations require an administrator
  41       to authenticate...
  42  9      &lt;Limit CUPS-Add-Modify-Printer CUPS-Delete-Printer CUPS-Add-Modify-Class
  43       CUPS-Delete-Class CUPS-Set-Default>
  44 10        AuthType Default
  45 11        Require user @SYSTEM
  46 12        Order deny,allow
  47 13      &lt;/Limit>
  48 14
  49 15      # All printer operations require a printer operator
  50       to authenticate...
  51 16      &lt;Limit Pause-Printer Resume-Printer
  52       Set-Printer-Attributes Enable-Printer Disable-Printer
  53       Pause-Printer-After-Current-Job Hold-New-Jobs
  54       Release-Held-New-Jobs Deactivate-Printer Activate-Printer
  55       Restart-Printer Shutdown-Printer Startup-Printer
  56       Promote-Job Schedule-Job-After CUPS-Accept-Jobs
  57       CUPS-Reject-Jobs>
  58 17        AuthType Default
  59 18        Require user <em>varies by OS</em>
  60 19        Order deny,allow
  61 20      &lt;/Limit>
  62 21
  63 22      # Only the owner or an administrator can cancel or
  64       authenticate a job...
  65 23      &lt;Limit Cancel-Job CUPS-Authenticate-Job>
  66 24        Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM
  67 25        Order deny,allow
  68 26      &lt;/Limit>
  69 27
  70 28      &lt;Limit All>
  71 29        Order deny,allow
  72 30      &lt;/Limit>
  73 31    &lt;/Policy>
  74 </PRE>
  75
  76 <H3>The Default CUPS Operation Policy</H3>
  77
  78 <P>The policy definition starts with an opening <TT>Policy</TT> directive:</P>
  79
  80 <PRE CLASS="example">
  81  1    &lt;Policy default>
  82 </PRE>
  83
  84 <P>The first <TT>Limit</TT> subsection defines the rules for IPP job operations:</P>
  85
  86 <PRE CLASS="example">
  87  3      &lt;Limit Send-Document Send-URI Hold-Job Release-Job
  88       Restart-Job Purge-Jobs Set-Job-Attributes
  89       Create-Job-Subscription Renew-Subscription
  90       Cancel-Subscription Get-Notifications Reprocess-Job
  91       Cancel-Current-Job Suspend-Current-Job Resume-Job
  92       CUPS-Move-Job CUPS-Get-Document>
  93  4        Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM
  94  5        Order deny,allow
  95  6      &lt;/Limit>
  96 </PRE>
  97
  98 <P>The operation names are listed on a single line with spaces separating them. Each name corresponds to the IPP operation described in any of the IETF or PWG standards documents for the Internet Printing Protocol. <A HREF="#TABLE01">Table 1</A> lists all of the operations that have been defined along with their usage in CUPS.</P>
  99
 100 <P>The access control rules are listed after the <TT>Limit</TT> line and are the same as those used for <A HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#Location"><TT>Location</TT></A> sections. In this case, we require the owner of the job ("@OWNER") or a member of the <A HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#SystemGroup"><TT>SystemGroup</TT></A> ("@SYSTEM") to do the operation. Because we do not include an <A HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#AuthType"><TT>AuthType</TT></A> directive here, the user information can come from the IPP request itself or the authenticated username from the HTTP request. The administrative operations starting on line 9, however, <em>do</em> use the <TT>AuthType</TT> directive, and so administrative operations need to be authenticated:</P>
 101
 102 <PRE CLASS="example">
 103  9      &lt;Limit CUPS-Add-Modify-Printer CUPS-Delete-Printer CUPS-Add-Modify-Class
 104       CUPS-Delete-Class CUPS-Set-Default>
 105 10        AuthType Default
 106 11        Require user @SYSTEM
 107 12        Order deny,allow
 108 13      &lt;/Limit>
 109 14
 110 15      # All printer operations require a printer operator
 111       to authenticate...
 112 16      &lt;Limit Pause-Printer Resume-Printer
 113       Set-Printer-Attributes Enable-Printer Disable-Printer
 114       Pause-Printer-After-Current-Job Hold-New-Jobs
 115       Release-Held-New-Jobs Deactivate-Printer Activate-Printer
 116       Restart-Printer Shutdown-Printer Startup-Printer
 117       Promote-Job Schedule-Job-After CUPS-Accept-Jobs
 118       CUPS-Reject-Jobs>
 119 17        AuthType Default
 120 18        Require user <em>varies by OS</em>
 121 19        Order deny,allow
 122 20      &lt;/Limit>
 123 </PRE>
 124
 125 <P>The "Order deny,allow" line at the end of both <TT>Limit</TT> subsections allows the request to come from any system allowed by the <TT>Location</TT> sections elsewhere in the <VAR>cupsd.conf</VAR> file.</P>
 126
 127 <P>The <TT>Cancel-Job</TT> and <TT>CUPS-Authenticate-Job</TT> operations are listed separately to allow the web interface to more easily edit their policy without disturbing the rest. Like the rest of the job operations, we want the job's owner ("@OWNER") or an administrator ("@SYSTEM") to do it:</P>
 128
 129 <PRE CLASS="example">
 130 16      &lt;Limit Cancel-Job CUPS-Authenticate-Job>
 131 17        Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM
 132 18        Order deny,allow
 133 19      &lt;/Limit>
 134 </PRE>
 135
 136 <P>The last <TT>Limit</TT> subsection in any policy uses the special operation name <TT>All</TT>. CUPS will use the rules in this subsection for any operation you don't list specifically in the policy. In this case, all other operations are allowed without a username or authentication:</P>
 137
 138 <PRE CLASS="example">
 139 21      &lt;Limit All>
 140 22        Order deny,allow
 141 23      &lt;/Limit>
 142 24    &lt;/Policy>
 143 </PRE>
 144
 145
 146 <DIV CLASS="table"><TABLE WIDTH="80%" SUMMARY="IPP Operation Names">
 147 <CAPTION>Table 1: <A NAME="TABLE01">IPP Operation Names</A></CAPTION>
 148 <THEAD>
 149 <TR>
 150         <TH>Name</TH>
 151         <TH>Used by CUPS?</TH>
 152         <TH>Description</TH>
 153 </TR>
 154 </THEAD>
 155 <TBODY>
 156 <TR>
 157         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Print-Job</TT></TD>
 158         <TD>Yes</TD>
 159         <TD>Creates a print job with a single file.</TD>
 160 </TR>
 161 <TR>
 162         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Print-URI</TT></TD>
 163         <TD>No</TD>
 164         <TD>Create a print job with a single URI.</TD>
 165 </TR>
 166 <TR>
 167         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Validate-Job</TT></TD>
 168         <TD>Yes</TD>
 169         <TD>Validates a print request before printing.</TD>
 170 </TR>
 171 <TR>
 172         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Create-Job</TT></TD>
 173         <TD>Yes</TD>
 174         <TD>Creates a print job with no files or URIs.</TD>
 175 </TR>
 176 <TR>
 177         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Send-Document</TT></TD>
 178         <TD>Yes</TD>
 179         <TD>Adds a file to a print job.</TD>
 180 </TR>
 181 <TR>
 182         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Send-URI</TT></TD>
 183         <TD>No</TD>
 184         <TD>Adds a URI to a print job.</TD>
 185 </TR>
 186 <TR>
 187         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Cancel-Job</TT></TD>
 188         <TD>Yes</TD>
 189         <TD>Cancels a print job.</TD>
 190 </TR>
 191 <TR>
 192         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Get-Job-Attributes</TT></TD>
 193         <TD>Yes</TD>
 194         <TD>Gets information and options associated with a job.</TD>
 195 </TR>
 196 <TR>
 197         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Get-Jobs</TT></TD>
 198         <TD>Yes</TD>
 199         <TD>Gets a list of jobs.</TD>
 200 </TR>
 201 <TR>
 202         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Get-Printer-Attributes</TT></TD>
 203         <TD>Yes</TD>
 204         <TD>Gets information and options associated with a printer or class.</TD>
 205 </TR>
 206 <TR>
 207         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Hold-Job</TT></TD>
 208         <TD>Yes</TD>
 209         <TD>Holds a print job for printing.</TD>
 210 </TR>
 211 <TR>
 212         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Release-Job</TT></TD>
 213         <TD>Yes</TD>
 214         <TD>Releases a print job for printing.</TD>
 215 </TR>
 216 <TR>
 217         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Restart-Job</TT></TD>
 218         <TD>Yes</TD>
 219         <TD>Reprints a print job.</TD>
 220 </TR>
 221 <TR>
 222         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Pause-Printer</TT></TD>
 223         <TD>Yes</TD>
 224         <TD>Stops a printer or class.</TD>
 225 </TR>
 226 <TR>
 227         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Resume-Printer</TT></TD>
 228         <TD>Yes</TD>
 229         <TD>Starts a printer or class.</TD>
 230 </TR>
 231 <TR>
 232         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Purge-Jobs</TT></TD>
 233         <TD>Yes</TD>
 234         <TD>Cancels all jobs on the server or a printer or class
 235         and removes the job history information.</TD>
 236 </TR>
 237 <TR>
 238         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Set-Printer-Attributes</TT></TD>
 239         <TD>No</TD>
 240         <TD>Sets printer or class information; CUPS uses
 241         CUPS-Add-Modify-Printer and CUPS-Add-Modify-Class
 242         instead.</TD>
 243 </TR>
 244 <TR>
 245         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Set-Job-Attributes</TT></TD>
 246         <TD>Yes</TD>
 247         <TD>Changes job options.</TD>
 248 </TR>
 249 <TR>
 250         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Get-Printer-Supported-Values</TT></TD>
 251         <TD>No</TD>
 252         <TD>Gets -supported attributes for a printer based on job
 253         options.</TD>
 254 </TR>
 255 <TR>
 256         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Create-Printer-Subscription</TT></TD>
 257         <TD>Yes</TD>
 258         <TD>Creates an event subscription for a printer or the server.</TD>
 259 </TR>
 260 <TR>
 261         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Create-Job-Subscription</TT></TD>
 262         <TD>Yes</TD>
 263         <TD>Creates an event subscription for a job.</TD>
 264 </TR>
 265 <TR>
 266         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Get-Subscription-Attributes</TT></TD>
 267         <TD>Yes</TD>
 268         <TD>Gets information for an event subscription.</TD>
 269 </TR>
 270 <TR>
 271         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Get-Subscriptions</TT></TD>
 272         <TD>Yes</TD>
 273         <TD>Gets a list of event subscriptions.</TD>
 274 </TR>
 275 <TR>
 276         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Renew-Subscription</TT></TD>
 277         <TD>Yes</TD>
 278         <TD>Renews an event subscription that is about to expire.</TD>
 279 </TR>
 280 <TR>
 281         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Cancel-Subscription</TT></TD>
 282         <TD>Yes</TD>
 283         <TD>Cancels an event subscription.</TD>
 284 </TR>
 285 <TR>
 286         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Get-Notifications</TT></TD>
 287         <TD>Yes</TD>
 288         <TD>Gets (pending) events for an event subscription.</TD>
 289 </TR>
 290 <TR>
 291         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Send-Notifications</TT></TD>
 292         <TD>No</TD>
 293         <TD>Sends events for an event subscription.</TD>
 294 </TR>
 295 <TR>
 296         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Get-Printer-Support-Files</TT></TD>
 297         <TD>No</TD>
 298         <TD>Gets printer driver files for a Novell client.</TD>
 299 </TR>
 300 <TR>
 301         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Enable-Printer</TT></TD>
 302         <TD>Yes</TD>
 303         <TD>Starts a printer or class.</TD>
 304 </TR>
 305 <TR>
 306         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Disable-Printer</TT></TD>
 307         <TD>Yes</TD>
 308         <TD>Stops a printer or class.</TD>
 309 </TR>
 310 <TR>
 311         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Pause-Printer-After-Current-Job</TT></TD>
 312         <TD>No</TD>
 313         <TD>Stops a printer or class after the current job is finished.</TD>
 314 </TR>
 315 <TR>
 316         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Hold-New-Jobs</TT></TD>
 317         <TD>No</TD>
 318         <TD>Holds new jobs submitted to a printer or class.</TD>
 319 </TR>
 320 <TR>
 321         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Release-Held-New-Jobs</TT></TD>
 322         <TD>No</TD>
 323         <TD>Releases jobs that were held because of the
 324         Hold-New-Jobs operation.</TD>
 325 </TR>
 326 <TR>
 327         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Deactivate-Printer</TT></TD>
 328         <TD>No</TD>
 329         <TD>Deactivates a printer or class.</TD>
 330 </TR>
 331 <TR>
 332         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Activate-Printer</TT></TD>
 333         <TD>No</TD>
 334         <TD>Activates a printer or class.</TD>
 335 </TR>
 336 <TR>
 337         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Restart-Printer</TT></TD>
 338         <TD>No</TD>
 339         <TD>Restarts a printer or class, resuming print jobs as needed.</TD>
 340 </TR>
 341 <TR>
 342         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Shutdown-Printer</TT></TD>
 343         <TD>No</TD>
 344         <TD>Powers a printer or class off.</TD>
 345 </TR>
 346 <TR>
 347         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Startup-Printer</TT></TD>
 348         <TD>No</TD>
 349         <TD>Powers a printer or class on.</TD>
 350 </TR>
 351 <TR>
 352         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Reprocess-Job</TT></TD>
 353         <TD>No</TD>
 354         <TD>Reprints a job on a different printer or class; CUPS has the
 355         CUPS-Move-Job operation instead.</TD>
 356 </TR>
 357 <TR>
 358         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Cancel-Current-Job</TT></TD>
 359         <TD>No</TD>
 360         <TD>Cancels the current job on a printer or class.</TD>
 361 </TR>
 362 <TR>
 363         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Suspend-Current-Job</TT></TD>
 364         <TD>No</TD>
 365         <TD>Stops the current job on a printer or class.</TD>
 366 </TR>
 367 <TR>
 368         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Resume-Job</TT></TD>
 369         <TD>No</TD>
 370         <TD>Resumes printing of a stopped job.</TD>
 371 </TR>
 372 <TR>
 373         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Promote-Job</TT></TD>
 374         <TD>No</TD>
 375         <TD>Prints a job before others.</TD>
 376 </TR>
 377 <TR>
 378         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Schedule-Job-After</TT></TD>
 379         <TD>No</TD>
 380         <TD>Prints a job after others.</TD>
 381 </TR>
 382 <TR>
 383         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Get-Default</TT> *</TD>
 384         <TD>Yes</TD>
 385         <TD>Gets the server/network default printer or class.</TD>
 386 </TR>
 387 <TR>
 388         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Get-Printers</TT> *</TD>
 389         <TD>Yes</TD>
 390         <TD>Gets a list of printers and/or classes.</TD>
 391 </TR>
 392 <TR>
 393         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Add-Modify-Printer</TT></TD>
 394         <TD>Yes</TD>
 395         <TD>Adds or modifies a printer.</TD>
 396 </TR>
 397 <TR>
 398         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Delete-Printer</TT> *</TD>
 399         <TD>Yes</TD>
 400         <TD>Removes a printer.</TD>
 401 </TR>
 402 <TR>
 403         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Get-Classes</TT> *</TD>
 404         <TD>Yes</TD>
 405         <TD>Gets a list of classes.</TD>
 406 </TR>
 407 <TR>
 408         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Add-Modify-Class</TT></TD>
 409         <TD>Yes</TD>
 410         <TD>Adds or modifies a class.</TD>
 411 </TR>
 412 <TR>
 413         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Delete-Class</TT> *</TD>
 414         <TD>Yes</TD>
 415         <TD>Removes a class.</TD>
 416 </TR>
 417 <TR>
 418         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Accept-Jobs</TT></TD>
 419         <TD>Yes</TD>
 420         <TD>Sets a printer's or class' printer-is-accepting-jobs
 421         attribute to true.</TD>
 422 </TR>
 423 <TR>
 424         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Reject-Jobs</TT></TD>
 425         <TD>Yes</TD>
 426         <TD>Sets a printer's or class' printer-is-accepting-jobs
 427         attribute to false.</TD>
 428 </TR>
 429 <TR>
 430         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Set-Default</TT> *</TD>
 431         <TD>Yes</TD>
 432         <TD>Sets the server/network default printer or class.</TD>
 433 </TR>
 434 <TR>
 435         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Get-Devices</TT> *</TD>
 436         <TD>Yes</TD>
 437         <TD>Gets a list of printer devices.</TD>
 438 </TR>
 439 <TR>
 440         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Get-PPDs</TT> *</TD>
 441         <TD>Yes</TD>
 442         <TD>Gets a list of printer drivers or manufacturers.</TD>
 443 </TR>
 444 <TR>
 445         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Move-Job</TT></TD>
 446         <TD>Yes</TD>
 447         <TD>Moves a job to a different printer or class.</TD>
 448 </TR>
 449 <TR>
 450         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Authenticate-Job</TT></TD>
 451         <TD>Yes</TD>
 452         <TD>Authenticates a job for printing.</TD>
 453 </TR>
 454 <TR>
 455         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Get-Document</TT></TD>
 456         <TD>Yes</TD>
 457         <TD>Retrieves a document file from a job.</TD>
 458 </TR>
 459 </TBODY>
 460 </TABLE></DIV>
 461
 462 <P>* = These operations only apply to the default policy.</P>
 463
 464 <H2 CLASS="title"><A NAME="CREATING">Creating Your Own Policies</A></H2>
 465
 466 <P>The easiest way to create a new policy is to start with the default policy and then make changes to the copy. The first change you'll make is to give the policy a new name. Policy names can use the same characters as a printer name, specifically all printable characters except space, slash (/), and pound (#):</P>
 467
 468 <PRE CLASS="example">
 469 &lt;Policy mypolicy>
 470 </PRE>
 471
 472 <P>Then you need to decide exactly what limits you want for the policy. For example, if you want to allow any user to cancel any other users' jobs, you can change the <TT>Cancel-Job</TT> limits to:</P>
 473
 474 <PRE CLASS="example">
 475 &lt;Limit Cancel-Job>
 476   Order deny,allow
 477 &lt;/Limit>
 478 </PRE>
 479
 480 <P>The directives inside the <TT>Limit</TT> subsection can use any of the normal limiting directives: <A HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#Allow"><TT>Allow</TT></A>, <A HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#AuthType"><TT>AuthType</TT></A>, <A HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#Deny"><TT>Deny</TT></A>, <A HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#Encryption"><TT>Encryption</TT></A>, <A HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#Require"><TT>Require</TT></A>, and <A HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#Satisfy"><TT>Satisfy</TT></A>. <A HREF="#TABLE02">Table 2</A> lists some basic "recipes" for different access control rules.</P>
 481
 482 <DIV CLASS="table"><TABLE WIDTH="80%" SUMMARY="Access Control Recipes">
 483 <CAPTION>Table 2: <A NAME="TABLE02">Access Control Recipes</A></CAPTION>
 484 <THEAD>
 485 <TR>
 486         <TH>Access Level</TH>
 487         <TH>Directives to Use</TH>
 488 </TR>
 489 </THEAD>
 490 <TBODY>
 491 <TR>
 492         <TD>Allow Everyone</TD>
 493         <TD><PRE>Order deny,allow
 494 Allow from all</PRE></TD>
 495 </TR>
 496 <TR>
 497         <TD>Allow Everyone on the Local Network</TD>
 498         <TD><PRE>Order deny,allow
 499 Allow from @LOCAL</PRE></TD>
 500 </TR>
 501 <TR>
 502         <TD>Deny Everyone/Disable Operation(s)</TD>
 503         <TD><PRE>Order deny,allow</PRE></TD>
 504 </TR>
 505 <TR>
 506         <TD>Require Login (System) Password</TD>
 507         <TD><PRE>AuthType Basic</PRE></TD>
 508 </TR>
 509 <TR>
 510         <TD>Require CUPS (lppasswd) Password</TD>
 511         <TD><PRE>AuthType BasicDigest</PRE></TD>
 512 </TR>
 513 <TR>
 514         <TD>Require Kerberos</TD>
 515         <TD><PRE>AuthType Negotiate</PRE></TD>
 516 </TR>
 517 <TR>
 518         <TD>Require the Owner of a Job or Subscription</TD>
 519         <TD><PRE>Require user @OWNER</PRE></TD>
 520 </TR>
 521 <TR>
 522         <TD>Require an Administrative User</TD>
 523         <TD><PRE>Require user @SYSTEM</PRE></TD>
 524 </TR>
 525 <TR>
 526         <TD>Require Member of Group "foogroup"</TD>
 527         <TD><PRE>Require user @foogroup</PRE></TD>
 528 </TR>
 529 <TR>
 530         <TD>Require "john" or "mary"</TD>
 531         <TD><PRE>Require user john mary</PRE></TD>
 532 </TR>
 533 <TR>
 534         <TD>Require Encryption</TD>
 535         <TD><PRE>Encryption Required</PRE></TD>
 536 </TR>
 537 </TABLE></DIV>
 538
 539
 540 <H3>Creating a Policy for a Computer Lab</H3>
 541
 542 <P>One common operating scenario is a computer lab. The lab is managed by one or more technicians that assist the users of the lab and handle the basic administration tasks. <A HREF="#LISTING02">Listing 2</A> shows an operation policy that only allows access from the lab's subnet, 10.0.2.x, and allows the lab technicians, who are members of a special UNIX group for that lab called "lab999", to do job, printer, and subscription management operations.</P>
 543
 544 <PRE CLASS="example">
 545 <EM>Listing 2: <A NAME="LISTING02">Operation Policy for a Lab</A></EM>
 546
 547  1    &lt;Policy lab999>
 548  2      # Job- and subscription-related operations must be done
 549       by the owner, a lab technician, or an administrator...
 550  3      &lt;Limit Send-Document Send-URI Hold-Job Release-Job
 551       Restart-Job Purge-Jobs Set-Job-Attributes
 552       Create-Job-Subscription Renew-Subscription
 553       Cancel-Subscription Get-Notifications Reprocess-Job
 554       Cancel-Current-Job Suspend-Current-Job Resume-Job
 555       CUPS-Move-Job Cancel-Job CUPS-Authenticate-Job CUPS-Get-Document>
 556  4        Require user @OWNER @lab999 @SYSTEM
 557  5        Order allow,deny
 558  6        Allow from 10.0.2.0/24
 559  7      &lt;/Limit>
 560  8
 561  9      # All administration operations require a lab technician
 562       or an administrator to authenticate...
 563 10      &lt;Limit Pause-Printer Resume-Printer
 564       Set-Printer-Attributes Enable-Printer Disable-Printer
 565       Pause-Printer-After-Current-Job Hold-New-Jobs
 566       Release-Held-New-Jobs Deactivate-Printer Activate-Printer
 567       Restart-Printer Shutdown-Printer Startup-Printer
 568       Promote-Job Schedule-Job-After CUPS-Accept-Jobs
 569       CUPS-Reject-Jobs CUPS-Set-Default>
 570 11        AuthType Default
 571 12        Require user @lab999 @SYSTEM
 572 13        Order allow,deny
 573 14        Allow from 10.0.2.0/24
 574 15      &lt;/Limit>
 575 16
 576 17      # All other operations are allowed from the lab network...
 577 18      &lt;Limit All>
 578 19        Order allow,deny
 579 20        Allow from 10.0.2.0/24
 580 21      &lt;/Limit>
 581 22    &lt;/Policy>
 582 </PRE>
 583
 584
 585 <H2 CLASS="title"><A NAME="SELECT">Using Policies</A></H2>
 586
 587 <P>Once you have created a policy, you can use it in two ways. The first way is to assign it as the default policy for the system using the <A HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#DefaultPolicy"><TT>DefaultPolicy</TT></A> directive in the <VAR>cupsd.conf</VAR> file. For example, add the following line to the <VAR>cupsd.conf</VAR> file to use the "lab999" policy from the previous section:</P>
 588
 589 <PRE CLASS="example">
 590 DefaultPolicy lab999
 591 </PRE>
 592
 593 <P>To associate the policy with one or more printers, use either the <A HREF="man-lpadmin.html">lpadmin(8)</A> command or the web interface to change the operation policy for each printer. When using the <B>lpadmin</B> command, the <TT>-o printer-op-policy=name</TT> option sets the operation policy for a printer. For example, enter the following command to use the "lab999" policy from the previous section with a printer named "LaserJet4000":</P>
 594
 595 <PRE CLASS="command">
 596 lpadmin -p LaserJet4000 -o printer-op-policy=lab999
 597 </PRE>
 598
 599 <P>To make the same change in the web interface, go to the printer's web page, for example "http://localhost:631/printers/LaserJet4000", and choose <VAR>Set Default Options</VAR> from the <VAR>Administration</VAR> menu button. Click on the <VAR>Policies</VAR> link and choose the desired policy from the pull-down list. Click on <VAR>Set Default Options</VAR> to change the policy for the printer.</P>
 600
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 602 </HTML>